mm 







_ 



.0 O 



- 




X A 




V > 



-i * £ \ , \ 



111* "S. 



-0 



i 



f 1 



Bulletin No. 1. Indiana Department of Geology and 
Natural Resources. 



ON THE COLEOPTERA 

Known to Occur in Indiana 



W: S. BLATCHLEY, 

Indianapolis, Indiana. 



INDIANAPOLIS . 

WM. B. BURFORD, CONTRACTOR FOR STATE PRINTING AND BINDING 

1910 




J 

The Department of Geology and Natural Resources was first 
organized as a Department of Geology and Natural History, its 
name being afterward changed for political reasons alone. It has 
therefore been the custom of both the present director of the De- 
partment and his predecessors to issue from time to time, in the 
annual reports, papers on the Natural History of the State. 
Among the many papers so published have been Jordan's "Fishes 
of Indiana" in the Sixth Annual Report; Hays' "Reptiles and 
Batraehians" and Blatchley's "Butterflies" in the Seventeenth 
Report; Blatchley's "Orthoptera of Indiana" in the Twenty-sev- 
enth Report; Cook's "Gall Insects" in the Twenty-ninth Report, 
and Halm's "Mammals of Indiana" in the Thirty- third Report, 

In accordance with previous custom the following paper on the 
Coleoptera of Indiana was prepared and offered for publication as 
a part of the Thirty-fourth (1909) Report, The State Printing 
Board refused to issue it as a part of said volume, and the paper 
was therefore withdrawn and is issued as a special bulletin of the 
Department of Geology, the authority for so doing being embodied 
in the following section of chapter 181 of the Acts for 1907 : 

Sec. 2. The director of said Department may, at his discretion, have 
printed from time to time such matter in bulletin form as he may deem 
especially important and the same shall be paid for out of any funds 
appropriated for the expenses of the Department. 

On account of the small sum ($3,800 per year) allotted for the 
expenses of the Department of Geology, it has been possible to 
issue but one thousand copies of the bulletin. 

W. S. Blatchley. 

April 15, 1910. 



D. OF 0. 

OCT 6 



An Illustrated 
Descriptive Catalogue 



OF THE 



Coleoptera or Beetles 

(EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA) 



Known to Occur in Indiana 



With Bibliography and Descriptions of New Species 



By W. S. Blatchley 
Indianapolis, Indiana 



INTRODUCTION. 



of all the many forms of life which exist upon the surface of 
this old earth of ours, and which are our daily companions for good 
or ill during our few years' stay thereon, none are more numerous 
or less known than insects. Not only are they abundant as indi- 
viduals, but the number of species is many fold greater than that 
of all other animals taken together. Both on land and in water they 
occur by millions, yet the life itistory of even the house-fly is known 
to but few. Many are the worst enemies with which the farmer 
has to contend, while others are to him worth far more than their 
weight in gold, yet to most farmers the beneficial and the injurious 
are as one, because he has no way of telling them apart, Not only 
from his wheat and corn, his grass and trees, his fruit and vege- 
tables do the injurious ones take toll, but on his carpets, his clothes 
and even Ms blood they prey. More than six hundred millions of 
dollars is the average loss they entail to agriculture in the United 
States alone each year, yet not one farmer in thirty knows the 
names of a score of different kinds. 

The reason of this ignorance is not hard to understand. The 
first thing which a boy, a girl, or even a man or woman asks about 
something is, "What is it?" "What is its name?" If nobody 
can tell them its name or even its position among and relation to 
the other things about them, they soon forget and ignore it for all 
time to come, unless by its preying upon them or on their property 
it causes such harm or loss as to cause them to give it a name of their 
own. Some of their neighbors may also suffer loss or injury by the 
same form of life and they may give it a wholly different name. 
This may continue until the same thing, insect or whatsoever it be, 
may have half a dozen or more common names. In time, however, 
a scientist, or one with more knowledge of that particular group of 
living things, comes along and recognizes that what is known by one 
name in one place is the same thing called by another name some- 
where else. He assigns a technical name, provided one has not al- 
ready been given it by some other scientist, and shows its place 
among and relation to all of its kind. If he can do this in such a 
way that the boy or girl, or the farmer can understand, they will, 
in future, be able to use the right name when talking or writing 
about that particular object of nature. 



12) 



NEED OF LITERATURE ON COLEOPTERA. 



3 



The name, the place which it holds among other objects of na- 
ture, its relation to them and through them to mankind, is there- 
fore the primary or essential knowledge concerning any bird, insect 
or plant which the true student of nature should desire. He can 
get the name and its place in nature only through books prepared 
by the scientist, and if these are lacking his study of nature is most 
seriously handicapped. 

For 25 years the collecting and study of the beetles of Indiana 
has been one of the hobbies to which I have given much spare time. 
Happiest those days in which I have wandered far and wide through 
field and woodland, adding here and there some specimen before un- 
seen, noting now and again some life habit, some food-plant or place 
of retreat, before unobserved. Ever and always, however, have I 
felt the need of some one work to which I could refer, some manual 
or descriptive list by which I could locate the name and place of 
the specimens at hand. Since the beetles or Coleoptera form one of 
the most abundant and attractive groups of insects and are easily 
collected and preserved, they would furnish a favorite subject for 
study, especially in high schools, could they only be easily named 
and placed. But the literature through which their original de- 
scriptions are scattered comprises hundreds of papers and books, 
many of which have been out of print for years. The student, 
therefore, who becomes interested and attempts their study soon 
gives it up as a hopeless task, unless he has access for reference to 
some large named collection, or can secure aid from specialists in 
some locality where such collection is located. Having, as above 
stated, experienced for years the need of a descriptive work which 
included the species found in Indiana and adjoining States, and 
having possessed myself at much cost and labor with most of the 
scattered literature pertaining to the group, I have prepared the 
present paper, not for specialists in Coleoptera, but for beginners, 
a few of whom, I trust, may in time become enough interested to 
devote their lives to the ever-pleasing, health-giving and inspiring 
study of Nature. That many mistakes have crept into it there is 
no doubt, but it is offered as the best that I can give with the facili- 
ties at hand. 

The paper is in very great part based upon species .which I have 
seen from Indiana. These are in my private collection, or if not 
there represented, are in the collections of A. B. Wolcott of Chicago, 
R. L. Webster of Ames, Iowa, or Chas. Dury of Cincinnati, who 
have loaned me specimens from time to time. In a very feAV in- 



4 



COLEOPTEKA OF INDIANA. 



stances, all of which are noted in the text, I have included well 
recognized species described by Thomas Say from Indiana, ex- 
amples of which I have not seen from the State. Mr. Say was, from 




Sketch map of Indiana, showing the life zones of the State and the localities (marked by 
x's) in which collecting has been done. The Upper Austral life zone, represented by the Caro- 
linian fauna, covers the entire State, overlapping the Transition life zone represented by the 
Alleghanian fauna in the north and the Lower Austral life zone, represented by the Austro- 
riparian fauna in the south. 



/ 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF ATD RECEIVED. 



5 



1820 to 1834, the most noted of American Entomologists, and for 
much of that time resided at New Harmony, Posey County, Indi- 
ana, where much of his writing was done and where, doubtless, most 
of his species mentioned as "from Indiana" were taken. 

From the accompanying map of the State it will be seen that 
the collection has been made from so many different localities as to 
make it a fairly representative one. Wherever a species has been 
taken in more than five widely separated counties they are not 
mentioned in detail, but the phrases "throughout the State," 
"throughout the northern half of the State," etc., are used. 

Acknowledgments.— To one situated, as I have been, far from 
any great reference collection, such a paper would not have been 
possible had it not been for the aid, usually freely given,* which I 
have received from noted students and specialists in Coleoptera, 
throughout the country. To many of these, specimens have been 
sent for examination, verification or naming. Those to whom espe- 
cial acknowledgments are due are: Chas. Dury, of Cincinnati, one 
of the most enthusiastic and successful of naturalists, who has col- 
lected beetles for 40 years, and yet seems good for 40 more. He 
has helped me out with many a species and his collection has added 
a number to my list from the State. Chas. Liebeck, of Philadelphia, 
compared and verified many specimens with those in the Horn 
collection in that city. Frederick Blanchard, of Tyngsboro, Massa- 
chusetts, one of the most careful and experienced of American Cole- 
opterists, passed the Haliplida? in review and compared many other 
species with the Leconte types at Harvard. H. C. Fall and Dr. A. 
Fenyes, both of Pasadena, California, are specialists, respectively, 
of Ptinidaa and Aleocharinae, and both have given me much aid in 
those groups. Mr. Fall has also helped me with some of the Silph- 
idae and Staphylinidse. Chas. W. Leng of New York City has 
passed in review the species of Cychrus and Donacia, and also veri- 
fied numerous other species which have been sent him from time to 
time. John B. Smith of New Brunswick, New Jersey, verified all 

*An exception must be made of a well known Coleopterist whose collection doubtless 
contains many specimens from Indiana. When I asked the privilege of looking through it 
for the purpose of making notes on these, he wrote: "I can not admit anyone to my collec- 
tions for the purpose mentioned, for my specimens are delicately mounted and in places over- 
crowded, and the resulting damage would be great." When also asked to verify some speci- 
mens of Phalacridse, he wrote: "1 am too busy to undertake the identification of small 
species in groups which I have monographed. I have made my descriptions clear and it 
seems to me that you can make the identifications with the expenditure of your own time. 
It is surely not a source of much satisfaction to me to find that a monograph, upon which I 
have put much time and labor, will not serve the purpose for which it was intended, i. e., to 
permit others to identify their material." 



£ COLEOPTEEA OE INDIANA. 

doubtful specimens of Mordellite, of which family he has made a 
special study. Frederick Knab of the TJ. S. National Museum at 
Washington went over the MSS. and doubtful species of Chryso- 
melidffi, and also compared for me many other species _wrth the 
types in the museum collection. A. B. Woleott of the Field Mu- 
seum of Natural History, Chicago, a specialist in Cleridse, prepared 
the MSS for that family. Mr. Woleott has also collected for years 
in the northern part of Lake County, Indiana, especially m the 
sand-dune region bordering Lake Michigan. All his Indiana ma- 
terial was turned over to me for examination and furnished many 
species which would otherwise not have been recorded from the 
State J D Hood of Urbana, Illinois, who has made a special 
study of the sexual organs of Laehnosterna, passed in review my 
species of that genus. Chas. A. Hart of the Illinois Museum <u 
Natural History, has kindly secured for me the loan of numerous 
volumes from the library of that museum. To Dr. E A. Sehwarz 
of Washington, D. C, and H. F. Wiekham of Iowa City, Iowa, I 
am also indebted for favors shown. 

Nor must I forget the memory of Dr. F. Stein of Indianapolis, 
with whom I spent many an hour going over and classifying speci- 
mens Dr Stein had a large and varied assortment of beetles trom 
different parts of the United States, a portion of which came into 
my hands some years after his death. The pin labels bearing the 
abbreviation "Ind." were, however, few, and the dates of capture 
wholly lacking. For that reason very few, if any, of his specimens 
have 'been considered in the present list, though doubtless many ot 
the unlabeled ones came from this State. 

Harold Morrison of Indianapolis, C. C. Deam and E. B. William- 
son of Bluff ton, Dr. Robert Hessler of Logansport, and Mr. and 
Mrs Max Ellis of Bloomington, have, from time to time, taken and 
turned over to me numerous specimens, which have either added to 
the species of the collection or aided much in showing their distribu- 
tion within the State. 

RELATION OF A BEETLE TO OTHEP. ANIMALS. 

If we compare the body of a beetle with that of any vertebrate 
animal, as a Ash, bird or squirrel, we find at once great and import- 
ant differences. The vertebrate is an animal with an inner bony 
skeleton, two pairs of jointed limbs or appendages, and breathes by 
means of lungs or gills, according as it dwells in air or water. The 



THE CLASSES OF ARTHROPOD A. 



7 



beetle is an animal which has no inner skeleton or bones whatever, 
bnt only a hard crust on the surface which surrounds the muscles 
and vital organs. This crust is composed of separate rings, placed 
end to end. 

Animals whose bodies are thus composed of rings are called Ar- 
ticulator They are in turn divided into two great groups, the 
Vermes and the Arthropoda, The Vermes (worms) have all the 
rings composing the body very nearly alike, not hardened into an 
outer crust or exoskeleton, and without paired limbs which are 
jointed. The Arthropods have a part of the rings bearing paired 
jointed appendages, and have the cuticle or outer surface consisting 
largely of a peculiar substance called ''chitin,'' which is secreted or 
exuded by the cells which compose the cuticle. Chitin itself is in- 
soluble and is not composed of cells, but consists of fine, irregular 
plates. It hardens the cuticle and thus aids the latter in protecting 
the delicate vital organs within, and also in forming a framework 
to which the muscles of movement may be attached. Between the 
joints the cuticle is devoid of chitin and is thin, delicate and flex- 
ible, thus allowing the necessary freedom of motion. 

The Arthropoda are divided into four classes, as follows : 

(a) Crustacea (crayfish, lobster, etc), mostly aquatic; having 
the head and thorax usually united and distinct from the abdomen ; 
breathing by means of gills or directly through the skin, the exo- 
skeleton with carbonate and phosphate of lime in addition to chitin. 

(&) Arachnida (spiders, mites, etc.), terrestrial; head and 
thorax usually combined, and bearing four pairs of legs ; breathing 
by means of tracheae. 

(cj Myriapoda (myriapods, centipedes, etc.), terrestrial; usu- 
ally worm-like, with only the head distinct ; legs numerous ; breath- 
ing by means of trachea?. 

(d) Insecta (grasshoppers, flies, beetles, etc.), in great part 
terrestrial ; legs six ; adults usually with one or two pairs of wings ; 
breathing by a system of tubes called trachea?, which branch and 
ramify through every portion of the body, and which open exter- 
nally in about ten places on each side of the body instead of at the 
front end. The rings of the body are grouped in three regions; 
the head, the thorax and the abdomen. In general it may be said 
that the head contains or bears the organs of sense and of pre- 
hension and mastication of food ; the thorax the organs of locomo- 
tion, and the abdomen those of reproduction. 



q COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA. 

THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF A BEETLE. 
Having thus seen that a beetle belongs to the class Inseota it is 
though best, before giving its relation to the other orders of that 
class to describe briefly the external parts of a typical specrmen. 
The beginner may thus the more 
readily grasp the name and loca- 
tion of the parts used in classifica- 
tion, as well as the meaning of 
many of the technical terms which, 
of necessity, have to be used in such 
a paper. The three regions of the 
body, the head, the thorax and the 
abdomen, will therefore be consid- 
ered in order. 
The Head and Its Appendages. 
The front part of the body, the 
head, is composed of three or more 
rings or segments, completely fused 
or compacted into a single hard box 
or cavity called the epicraniwn. 
This contains the brain and acces- 
sory ganglia, the mouth cavity and 
the muscles moving the mandibles, 
antennas and other sense organs 
borne on the outer surface. 

The heads of beetles vary great- 
ly in shape and size, and are joined 
by a membrane to the thorax. Usu- 
ally the portion behind the eyes is 
more or less constricted into a neck, 
which may be very long and nar- 
row, or short and partly or wholly 
immersed in the thorax. The up- 
per part of the head is divided into 
three regions, the back part being 
called the occiput, the middle part 
behind the eyes the vertex, while 
the frontal portion, as far down as a more or less prominent trans- 
verse suture between or in front of the antennae, is called the front. 
This suture is known as the clypeal or frontal suture, and its pres- 
ence or absence, position, depth, etc, is often used in classification. 




Fig. 1- Under surface and head from 
above of beetle (Harpalus caliginosus) show- 
ing the different parts. (After Smith.) 



MOUTH AND MOUTH PARTS OF A BEETLE. 



9 



Oftentimes, and especially in the greater number of Rhyncho- 
phora or snout beetles (not included in this paper), the front is 
prolonged so that the distance between the eyes and mouth parts is 
greater in length than the rest of the head. This prolonged por- 
tion is called the rostrum or leak, and it usually has on each outer 
side a groove or serobe, varying much in length and used for the 
reception of the long basal joints of the antennae when in repose. 

In most beetles the front is short and the portion in front of the 
suture is called the clypeus. This varies much in form and size, 
being sometimes prolonged so as to extend over the mouth. When 
small it is by some authors called the epistoma. Its form, texture 
and the character of its front margin, whether dentate, sinuate, 
truncate, etc., are much used in classification, especially in the fam- 
ily Scarabasidaa. 

The under surface of the head in front is variably excavated to 
form the mouth. The parts beneath the eyes and behind the man- 
dibles forming the side borders of the mouth are the genre or cheeks. 
From the opening of the mouth two seams or sutures may usually 
be observed running backwards. These are the gular sutures, and 
they of ten converge at middle but separate at either end. 

The Mouth and Mouth Parts. In front of or below the clypeus 
and above the mouth there is usually a small movable flap, called 
the labrum or upper lip. It is variable in form, is joined to the 
clypeus and is sometimes almost or completely hidden by the latter. 
In the majority of Rhynchophora the labrum is entirely wanting. 

Immediately below the labrum are the jaws or mandibles. They 
also vary much in shape and size but are usually curved, often 
toothed on the inner side, and, in certain males, especially those of 
the Lucanida?, are long and often bear prongs, thus resembling 
somewhat the antlers of a deer. In a number of genera, as those of 
some Carabida?, the mandibles have a groove or scrobe on the outer 
side, and this often bears a large puncture from which arises an 
erect seta or bristle-like hair. The mandibles of beetles are so 
formed and attached to the epi cranium as to move only in and out 
or to and from a median line. They are used for prehending, cut- 
ting, tearing and crushing the food; also often for defense, and 
rarely as clasping organs. Their range of action is often increased 
by movements of the entire head, which are permitted by the loose 
union of the head and thorax. 

Attached to the sides of the head just below or behind the man- 
dibles is a pair of aiding or accessory jaws called maxillce. Each 



10 



COLEOPTBEA OF INDIANA. 




one consists of two basal pieces and three outer parts. The first or 
lower one of the former is called the cardo, and is 
used to hinge the other parts of the maxillae to the 
head. The second, the stipes, is jointed to the 
cardo usually at a more or less acute angle, and 
forms a place of support for the outer parts. These 
consist of two lobes and one maxillary palpus. The 
lobes vary much in form and sometimes one or the 
other is so small as to be indistinct. The outer one. 
Fig. 2. siaxiita of t i ga i ea j s fteu slender and divided into two 
joints like a palpus. The inner lobe, known as the 
lacima. is more or less jaw-like and its inner margin is armed with 
flexible or stiff bristles, spines or teeth which are variable m form 
and often used as brushes by pollen-eating beetles. The maxdlary 
.alpus (plural palpi) arises from an upper segment of the stipes, 
called the palpifer. The palpi are usually 4-jointed. rarely 3- 
jointed (in the semis Aleoehara alone 5-jointed). The joints varj 
greatly in size and form and are therefore much used m classifica- 
tion ' The fourth one is most variable, sometimes being broad and 
oval or subquadrate, more often triangular or hatchet-shaped. 
When suddenly narrowed and more slender than the preceding, the 
palpi are said 'to be subulate or awl-shaped. The development and 
shape of the maxilla of beetles, as of other insects, depend very 
largely upon the nature of the food, as those organs serve not only 
to seize and hold the food in the mouth, but also as accessory jaws, 
aiding the mandibles in rendering the food more suitable for swal- 
lowing Their palpi are not only organs of touch, but in many 
cases act as hands in prehending and carrying morsels of food to the 
mouth. 

The floor of the mouth beneath and between the maxillae is 
formed of two small pieces called the mentwn and the labium*. The 
mentum is joined to the gula or throat, which is the region behind 
or below the mouth, the suture between them being the mental su- 
ture The mentum varies greatly in form and size and is often 
notched or emanrinate in front, with a tooth at the middle of the 
emargmation. When deeply notched the side-pieces are called lobes. 

The labium is usually in front of the mentum or in the notch 
between the lobes; rarely it is almost entirely hidden. It is com- 
posed of three parts, a central piece, the Jigula, and two side-pieces 
called the paraglossa. The labium is often wholly horn-like in tex- 
ture in which case the paraglossa are not distinct. In such case the 



THE EYES OF A BEETLE. 



11 



terms ligula and labium are often used synonymously. However, m 
the descriptions which follow, the term ligula is used to designate 
the piece in front of the mentum bearing the labial palpi. These 
palpi are usually 3-jointed (in certain Staphylinids 2- or even 4- 
jointed). The terminal joint is often of the same form as that of 
the maxillary palpi, and offers in many cases important characters 
used in classification. Both mentum and labium form an under lip 
which prevents the food from falling backwards out of the mouth 
and, with the aid of the maxillae, pass it forward to be crushed be- 
tween the mandibles, the two sets of appendages thus acting much 
as the tongue of vertebrates. 

The Eyes. The eyes of beetles vary greatly in size and shape, 
and each is composed of a large number of facets or simple lenses 
in each of which a single filament of the optic nerve ends. These 
lenses also vary much in size, and the terms "'coarsely granulated" 
and " finely granulated" are used to denote this variation. In the 
family Gyrinida? and in the genus Oberea the eyes are wholly di- 
vided, two being above and two on the lower surface of the head 
thus enabling the beetle to see upward and downward at the same 
time. In many species of Cerambycida? and other families they 
are often deeply notched or emarginate. either in front or on one or 
the other of the sides. Rarely they are wholly wanting; rarely, 
also, as in certain Staphylinids. there are one or two simple eyes or 
single lenses called ocelli located on the back part of the vertex, be- 
tween the compound ones. 

In the CicindelidcP and many of the Carabida?. the head bears, 
in addition to the regular pubescence, rather long, erect seta? or 
bristle-like hairs, which arise from special punctures located above 
and -close to the inner margin of the eyes. These are known as 
supraorbital seice. 

The Antenna. The principal appendages attached to the head 
are the antenna. They vary greatly in form, point of insertion, 
and number of joints, and these characters are much used in classi- 
fication. In the true Coleoptera they are inserted in front of or 
more rarely between the eyes, often under the side margin of the 
front. In the Rhynchophora they are borne upon some portion of 
the beak. The number of joints varies from two in Adranes to 25 
or 27 in Prionus. the usual number being 11. The basal joints are 
usually less pubescent and of a firmer texture than the outer ones. 
In the latter the surface is usually more or less covered with minute 
pores which increase greatly the sensitive area. In those genera m 



12 OOLEOPTEEA OF INDIANA. 

which the antennas end in an abrupt clnb the pores are confined to 
its surface ; in most cases, however, they are generally scattered 
over all except the basal joints. 

The principal forms of antennae are as follows: 

(a) Filiform or thread-like, where the joints are cylindrical 
and the outer ones not or scarcely enlarged. 

(b) Setaceous or bristle-like, where the joints are gradually 
more slender to the tip. 

(c) Capillary or hair-like, where the joints are long, slender 
and very loosely united. 




Fig. 3. Serrate antenna and modifications: 1, serrate; 2, pectinate; 3, bipectinate; 4, flabellate; 
5, plumose; 6, 7, 8, irregularly serrate. (After LeConte and Horn.) 



(d) Moniliform or bead-like, when the joints are of nearly 
uniform size and rounded, thus resembling a string of beads. 

(e) Serrate or saw-like, when the joints are triangular and 
compressed, presenting therefore a saw-tooth-like outline on the 
front margin. 

(/) Pectinate or comb-like, when the joints are short, with 
their front angles much prolonged. 

(g) Bipectinate, when each joint has a comb-like tooth on each 
side. 

(h) Flabellate or fan-like, when the prolongations from the 
joints are very long compared with the antennas, and fold together 
like a fan. 

(i) Plumose or feather-like, when the prolongations are long, 
slender and flexible. 

(/) Clavate or club-like, where the outer joints are more or 
less enlarged, but not triangular or leaf-like. This is among beetles 
the most common form of antennae, and it grades gradually into 
most of the other types. 



THE ANTENNAE OF A BEETLE. 



13 



(k) Capitate or head-like, when the outer joints are suddenly 
larger, forming a compact rounded elub. 




15, lamellate; 16, irregular, (After LeConte and Horn.) 



(I) Lamellate, a form of clavate antennae in which the outer 
joints are leaf-like plates which may be brought closely in contact, 
thus forming a transverse or rarely rounded club, supported at one 
side by the stem of the antennae. 

The antenna? are said to be geniculate or elbowed when the sec- 
ond joint is attached to the first in such a way as to make an obtuse 
angle, the joints after the second following in the same line as the 
latter. In this form the first or basal joint is usually much longer 
and is called the scape. When the antenna is both geniculate and 
capitate, the joints between the scape and club are together called 
the fumcle. 

The antenna! grooves are concave, usually elongate and narrow 
areas on the under side of the head or presternum, in which the an- 
tenna? are concealed or placed in repose. When on the under side 
of the head they usually are close to the eye and converge on the 
gula. 

The antenna? of beetles are supposed to be primarily organs of 
smell, but also bear nerves of touch. In a number of species they 
are put to other uses ; it being said that certain Cerambyeids in 
walking along a slender twig use them as a rope-walker does his 
balancing pole ; while those of certain aquatic forms are used in 
connection with respiration, and those of the male Meloe as clasping 
organs. 



14 



C0LE0PTERA OF INDIANA. 



The Thorax and Its Appendages. 

The second division or middle region of the body of an insect is 
called the thorax and consists of three rings or segments, known 
respectively as the pro thorax, mesothorax and metathorax. Within 
these rings are located the muscles moving the legs and wings, as 
well as some of the digestive organs, while attached to their upper 
surface are the wings and to the lower one the three pairs of legs. 

The Prothorax. In the beetles the prothorax or front ring is 
separated from the other two and is usually freely movable. It con- 
sists of a dorsa] or upper surface of but one piece and a ventral or 
lower part of five pieces. The upper part is often called the pro- 
notum, but in this paper it is termed the thorax, since it is the 
median one of the three body parts visible from above. In the dif- 
ferent species of beetles it varies greatly in size and sculpture, and 
these variations are very extensively used in classification. 

The dorsal surface is called the disk, and this is usually sep- 
arated from the inflexed portion or flanks by a sharp edge or acute 
margin. The relative width and length of the disk, the form of its 
front and hind angles, the presence or absence of a median im- 
pressed line and of impressions or fovea?, the form, size and density 
of the punctures when present, are but a few of the many points 
pertaining to the thorax which are used in the description of a 
beetle. 

The Prosternum, The central part of the under surface of the 
prothorax is the prosier num. It is situated in front of the coxa? 
of the first pair of legs and often has a process or spine which ex- 
tends backward between these coxa?, its tip sometimes, as in the 
Elaterida?, fitting into a notch or groove in the mesosternum. The 
prosternum is sometimes prolonged in front to form a prosternal 
lobe, which more or less conceals the mouth when the head is in re- 
pose. On either side of the prosternum and between its side mar- 
gin and the flank of the pronotum (or thorax), are one or two 
"side-pieces." When both pieces are present the front one is called 
the episternum (plural epistema) , and the hind one the epimeron 
(plural epimera). Most frequently the sutures or seams between 
these pieces and also between them and the flank of the pronotum 
are wanting, so that the disk and flanks of thorax form one un- 
broken piece as far as the side of the prosternum. The sutures 
separating the prosternum and the side-pieces are more often pres- 
ent and are known as the prosternal sutures. 

The cavities in which the first pair of legs are inserted are called 



THE FRONT COXAL CAVITIES OF A BEETLE. 



15 



the front coxal cavities Midi are either "entire" when they are en- 
closed behind by the junction of the prosternum and the epimera 
(the episterna never reaching the coxal cavities proper), or are 
"open behind" when a space is left protected only by a membrane. 
They are "separate" when the prosternum extends between them, 
or "confluent" when it is not visible between them. 



The Meso- and Metathorax. The middle or second, thoracic seg- 
ment is called the mesothorax, and in the beetles is very closely 
united with the third or hindmost one, the metathorax. These two 
form the trunk or main body of the insect, and support on their un- 
der surface the middle and hind legs and on the sides above the 
inner wings and elytra. The upper surface of these two segments 
is for the most part covered by the elytra and therefore invisible. 
It consists of four pieces, only one of which, the scutellum, a small, 
shield-shaped or triangular plate, is usually visible from above be- 
tween the bases of the elytra. The mesothorax is much reduced in 
size, its chief function being to support the elytra and to help keep 
them together by means of its scutellum. 

The ventral or lower portions of these segments consist of the 
same pieces as the prothorax, viz., the mesostemnm with its side- 
pieces or episterna and epimera, and the met aster mini, with the 
same. These pieces are usually distinct, except that the two of each 
segment are often united to form a single piece. The suture which 
separates the side-pieces of the mesosternum from those of the me- 
tasternum is always present. The form and size of these side-pieces 
is a character much used in classification. 

The Wings. The great majority of adult beetles possess two 
pairs of wings. The first or outer pair, known as the elytra (sin- 
gular elytron), or wing covers, are present, except in a few females 
of the family Lampyridae, are horn-like in texture and vary greatly 
in shape and sculpture. They are attached to the mesothorax and 
usually cover the upper surface of the abdomen, but in many genera 

[2—23402] 




a \i c. 

Fig. 4a. p, indicates the prosternum; cc, the coxal cavities; es, the thoracic side- 
pieces. In a the coxal cavities are widely open behind and confluent; in b they are 
narrowly open behind and separate; in c they are closed behind and separate. 

(After Wickham.) 



}g COLEOPTEKA OE INDIANA. 

are much shorter, leaving several segments of the abdomen exposed. 
Almost always they fit closely together in a straight Ime along the 
middle, this line of junction being called the suture. Rarely they 
are somewhat separated near the tips, when they are said to be 
dehiscent. Their outer front angle or shoulder » known as the 
humerus (plural humeri) . As in the thorax, the sides of the elytra 
are often separated from the upper portion or chsk by an acute 
margin, beneath which a portion of each elytron is mflexed. Lying 
next to the edge or margin is a piece of varying width and some- 
times extending from base to apex known as the ejnpleura The en- 
tire indexed portion is often, but wrongly, called the epipleura. 

The tips or apices of the elytra vary greatly in shape, sometimes 
being truncate, more often rounded and rarely ending m sharp 
points or even spines. Oftentimes the side margins are more or 
less deeply sinuate near the tips. 

The sculpture of the elytra is much used in classification. Very 
often the disk is marked with longitudinal impressed lines or fine 
narrow grooves called strim. An elytron so marked is said to he 
striate The space between any two of these rtn» is termed an 
Interval. When the stria, are fine and shallow, the intervals are 
usually flat or nearly so ; when deep and rather wide, the intervals 
are more or less convex. Very often the stria;, are punctate i. e., 
marked by rows of punctures or impressed dots. The intervals are 
also often punctate or punctulate, the latter term meaning that the 
punctures are very fine. When the punctures are absent from 
stria; or intervals they are said to be smooth or wtpunctate. When 
the punctures are not in rows but scattered here and there over the 
surface of the elytron they are termed irregular or confused. 

In addition to the ordinary punctures above noted, or often 
when the elytron is otherwise smooth there may be present one or 
more larger impressions called dorsal punctures. These are usually 
somewhere between the suture and the third stria, though they may 
be anywhere on the disk. Quite often the entire upper surface of 
the elytra (as well as that of either or both the head and the thorax) 
may be seen under a lens to be very finely reticulated or covered 
with minute cracks like the human skin. The surface is then said 
to be alutaceous. When densely alutaceous the surface is generally 
more or less opaque. In addition to the forms of sculpture above 
mentioned the elytra may be granulate, or covered with many mi- 
nute elevations; tuberculate, or with fewer and larger elevations. 
They may also be pitted, fovea! «> or impressed in many ways In 
addition to the sculpture they, as well as other parte of the body, 



THE LEGS OF A BEETLE. 



17 



tr 



may be either sparsely, moderately or thickly clothed with hairs or 
pubescence, which may be prostrate, suberect or erect in position. 
When the pubescence is wholly absent and the surface bare they are 
said to be glabrous. 

The hind pair, known as the inner or true wings, of beetles are 
membranous and attached to the metathorax. They are usually so 
arranged as to form a joint near the apex so that the entire wing 
can be folded under the elytra. In some species with short wing- 
covers the inner wings extend straight along the dorsal surface of 
the abdomen. Frequently they are abbreviated or wholly absent, 
in which case the metasternum is usually short and the elytra close- 
ly united or connate along the suture. 

The Legs. As already noted the three pairs of legs possessed 
by the mature beetle are joined respectively to the under surface 
of the pro-, meso- and metasterna. The first joint of each leg, or 
that by which it is attached, is called the coxa (plural 
coxa?) . These vary much in shape and size and their 
form is therefore of great importance in classification. 
The front coxal cavities are formed by the prosternum 
and its epimera or side-pieces. The middle coxae are 
surrounded by the meso- and metasterna and, in some 
Carabidae, by the epimera of the former. The hind 
coxae are placed between the metasternum and the 
first segment of the abdomen. 

At the outer end of the coxa and between it and 
the femur is a small piece called the trochanter. This 
is usually situated in the axis of the thigh and varies 
much in form, being more or less obliquely cut off. 
The first long piece of the leg is the thigh or femur 
(plural femora) ; following it is the shank or tibia 
(plural tibia-) , the junction of the two being called the 
knee. Both of these may be more or less toothed or 
spined and the tibiae usually bear at their outer or 
lower extremity one or two movable spines called 
tibial spurs. Attached to the tibiae is the foot or 
tarsus (plural tarsi), consisting of from one to five 
pieces placed end to end, though sometimes overlap- 
ping. The number and form of these tarsal joints 
varies exceedingly. The greatest number is five, and 
when one disappears it is usually lacking on all the 
tarsi. However, in one large group, the Heteromera, 
the front and middle tarsi each have five joints, while the hind ones 




tb 



cl 



Leg 



a beetle, Calosoma 
calidum. c, coxa; 
tr, trochanter; f, 
femur; tb, tibia; s, 
tibial spur; t 1 ^', 
tarsal joints; cl, tar- 
sal claws. 
(After Folsom.) 



-jg COLEOPTEEA Of INDIANA. 

have but four. Sometimes the number of joints varies in the sexes 

of the same species. . , 

In form the tarsal joints may be slender and cylindrical com- 
pressed, flattened and dilated, globular, triangular » co^ ornr 
Frequently the next to last joint is notched or even hflobed. In 
some genera the under side of one or more of the joints bear me „- 
h^oS flaps cafled tarsal lo.es. Usually however, the unto side 
is clothed with spines, hairs, spongy pubescence or small scales. 
Oftentimes the nature of this lower covering varies according to sex. 
The front or middle tarsi, or both, are often dilated m the male, 
and simple or not dilated, in the female of the same species. 

The last joint of the tarsus bears two claws, often called uyues, 
but in this paper termed tarsal dam. They also vary much m size 
nd shape 11 the character of their lower edge. They are ttsita fly 
free and independently movable, hut are sometimes united at base 
or even nearly to the tip, when they are said to he comiate. Other 
erms applied to them are («> simple, when they have the ordinar 
pointed form slightly but not suddenly broader at base; (b) <W- 
lent, when without being distant at base they ^verge shg^; W 
divaricate, when they arise from opposite sides of the joint and 
form a right angle with it; (d) cleft when each claw is d ep > di 
vided into two acute parts which may or may not be of equal length 
( Ufid, when the tip only is divided; if) appelate, when 
prov ded with a square dilatation at the base; (g) toothed or ser- 
12 when they hear one or more acute teeth on the lower edge; 
S'pltinate, when the teeth are long, numerous and ganged hke 
hose of a comb; (0 chelate, when the claws are capable of tang 
drawn bach upon the last tarsal joint and thus 
grasp more firmly small twigs or leaves. Between the claws there 
often occurs a small pad or flap which is more or less retractile, 
eallecl the onycMum. One of the elaws is often much smaller than 
the other and rarely one or even both of them are absent. 

The Abdomen-. 

The third or hindmost portion of the body is called the aMo,neu 
It consists of nine or ten rings or segments placed end to end, the 
Lai one heihg attached to the metathorax Of these ; hrt five 
seven are usually visible, the others being retracted or coaleseent at 
base and tip. These rings are divided into tw o port mns the upper 
or dorsal segments more or less covered by the elytra, and the o«e 

ventral segments vis,ble beneath. These dorsal aud ve^ral seg- 
ments are joined by membrane along the sides above, the next to last 



THE ABDOMEN OF A BEETLE. 



19 



pair being usually more firmly united. On raising the elytra the 
number of dorsal segments visible is almost always greater than 
those below, and in most eases their texture is less dense and often 
membranous. 

The breathing pores or spiracles, opening into the tracheae or air 
tubes, are located in the connecting membrane or in the upper in- 
flexed portion of the ventral segments; an additional spiracle is 
also usually located on the under side of the prothorax behind the 
outer limit of the eoxal cavity. 

The anal opening is located between the last dorsal and the last 
ventral and just below it is the genital opening. Each side of this 
are horny valves, sometimes of very complex structure, termed the 
genital armature. 

Where the dorsal segments are not covered by the elytra, the 
last one is called the pijgidium and the next to last the propygidium,. 
The ventral segments may be either entirely free, so that the abdo- 
men is flexible, as in the Staphylinidse, or they may be more or less 
closely united so that the last one alone is movable. The cross su- 
tures connecting them are usually plainly visible. Both they and 
the dorsal segments are, however, often punctured or otherwise 
sculptured, and pubescent, as is also the under surface in front of 
the abdomen. 

Stridulating organs, used for producing sound or sexual calls, 
are present in a number of species, but are much less common and 
more simple than in the Orthoptera. They usually consist of fine 
wrinkles or ridges placed side by side, and the sound is produced by 
rubbing over these some other nearby portion of the body. For the 
most part these ridges are located upon some one of the abdominal 
segments and are rubbed by either the elytra or the hind legs. 

The above constitute the more important external parts of a 
beetle, the characters of which are used in determining its name and 
position among the members of the order Coleoptera. As already 
seen, these different parts vary much in size and form, but the 
names above given to them apply as well to the members of one 
family as to those of another. Many other descriptive terms will 
also be found in the pages which follow, but they, for the most part, 
will be self-explanatory, or will be defined in the accompanying 
glossary. By referring to such figures as are given and by observ- 
ing very carefully the parts of the specimen in hand, the beginner 
need have but little hesitation in deciding as to whether the descrip- 
tion agrees with that specimen. 



20 



COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA. 



RELATIONS OF THE BEETLES OR COLEOPTERA TO OTHER 

INSECTS. 

All true insects can be separated into one of two great groups, 
based upon the kind of changes or transformations which they un- 
dergo before reaching the adult or winged stage. To one group, the 
Heterometabola, belong those insects in which the metamorphosis 
(or changes which they undergo after hatching from the egg) is in- 
complete. In this group the young, when hatched, is of the same 
general form as the parent, but wholly wingless. As the insect 
grows it moults its skin a number of times and wings develop grad- 
ually, there being no sharp line defining the larval and pupal stages. 
The young of all stages are called "nymphs;" they continue active 
and feed from the time of hatching until they reach the final moult 
and emerge therefrom mature or in the imago stage. Familiar ex- 
amples of the Heterometabola are the locust, grasshopper, katydid, 
dragon-fly, squash-bug and chinch-bug. 

The second group, the Melabola, comprises those insects which 
undergo what is termed a complete metamorphosis. In this group 
there are four distinct stages— the egg, larval, pupal and imago— m 
the order named. No insect is hatched from the egg with wings, 
and when an insect reaches the winged stage it is adult, and never 
grows thereafter. Thus the gnats and midges are not the sons and 
daughters of the larger flies, but are full-grown insects of them- 
selves, which are undergoing the fourth or last stage of their lives. 
The second, the larval or worm-like stage, is the one in which the 
insect of this group is commonly the most injurious, for then it eats 
voraciously, and then is the only period of its life when it grows in 
size. The pupal, or third stage, is usually a quiescent one, the in- 
sect eating nothing and not increasing in size, but undergoing great 
changes of form. Thus the homely and often repulsive grubs, mag- 
gots and caterpillars, which are the larval forms of the beetles, flies 
and butterflies, respectively, enter the third stage as worm-like, 
crawling creatures, and emerge from it as beautiful winged forms, 
sometimes glistening and gleaming with all the colors of the rain- 
bow. This change of life and form is undoubtedly of great advant- 
age to most of this group of insects, as it tends to prevent the ex- 
tinction of the species ; since, if at a given moment the parents were 
swept out of existence, the young, living in a different station, 
would continue to represent the species. 

It is to this second group, the Metabola, whose members undergo 
a complete metamorphosis, that the Coleoptera or beetles belong. 



THE DEFINITION OF A BEETLE. 



21 



From the other orders of this group (viz., the Diptera or flies, the 
Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths and the Hymenoptera or ants, 
bees and wasps), the Coleoptera may be known by having the front 
wings or elytra not fitted for flight, but shell-like, reposing on the 
lack of the body and fitted together along the middle in a straight 
line or suture; inner wings membranous and folded beneath the 
elytra; mouth with mandibles; lower lip not divided along the 
middle. 

The name Coleoptera is derived from two Greek words, coleos, a 
sheath, and pteron, a wing, and refers to the shield-like covering 
afforded by the elytra. At the present time the Coleoptera are far 
more numerous in species than any other order of insects, about 
150,000 being known and named from the different regions of the 
earth. Of these about 12,000 species are known from North Amer- 
ica. While much more numerous than the flies, bees and butter- 
flies, they are less often seen, as their habits are terrestrial rather 
than aerial in nature. 

THE CLASSIFICATION OF COLEOPTERA. 

As in other classes and orders of animal and plant life, the 
beetles or Coleoptera of North America have been carefully studied 
by various students, and to each species has been given a specific 
Latin name. Each species has also been assigned to a certain genus, 
or group of species agreeing in some one character or series of char- 
acters, which also bears a Latin name. These two Latin names com- 
bined, followed by the name or abbreviation of the person who first 
recognized the beetle as an undescribed form and gave it a specific 
name, comprise the name by which the beetle is or should be known 
whenever it is spoken or written about. For example : one of our 
common June beetles was first described in 1844, by Dr. F. E. 
Melsheimer, under the name rugosa. However, he assigned it to 
the genus AncyJonycha of Dejean, If it had been left in that genus 
its name for all time should have been written AncyJonycha rugosa 
Melsh. However, later writers have found that this species, to- 
gether with a large number of others, belong to a group whose com- 
mon characters were first pointed out by Rev. F. W. Hope in 1837. 
To this group Hope gave the generic name Lach nosterna, so that the 
name of the beetle described by Melsheimer is now recognized as 
Lachnosterna rugosa Melsh. The genus, or generic name to which 
any species is assigned is largely a matter of opinion, but the specific 
name, if not before used for a member of that genus, is final unless 



22 



COLEOPTEKA OF INDIANA. 



changed for some good reason by the describe* himself. Of course 
it often happens that the author of a supposed new species is wrong 
in his conclusions, and that it has been described before under an- 
other name not recognized by him. In such a case his name is but a 
synonym and has no scientific standing. 

In the name Lachno sterna rugosa the specific name rugosa cor- 
responds to the given name as "John" or "James," and the generic 
term Lad hno sterna to the sur- or family name, as "Smith" or 
"Jones." The name given the beetle is therefore of the same na- 
ture as that given a man, but is in Latin and is written backward, 
as Smith John. There may be any number of species of Lachno- 
sterna, but there can only be one of them named rugosa. The gen- 
eric name is always begun with a capital letter and the specific 
name with a small letter, this being the common usage among zoolo- 
gists in general. 

The generic and specific names usually have some well-defined 
meaning, "La&nosterna" in the case mentioned, being derived 
from two Greek words meaning "wool + breast," as most species of 
that genus have the sternum or breast more or less covered with 
wool-like hairs. The specific name rugosa means ' ' rough, ' ' and was 
given the beetle on account of the wrinkles on the elytra. After the 
generic headings in the pages which follow, the date on which the 
genus was first proposed by its author, and the derivation or mean- 
ing of the generic name is, in most instances, given. 

A group of genera, having certain characters in common, com- 
prises a "tribe" or "subfamily," and these in turn are merged into 
larger assemblages called families. Our beetles are so little known 
that as yet but few of them have common names. When such a 
name is well established it is mentioned in connection with the spe- 
cific description. However, the species of each family have usually 
one or more common names which are applied to them collectively, 
as "tiger beetles" for the Cicindelidae, and these names are always 
given under the family heading. 

Keys of the Catalogue. In order that the student may deter- 
mine the more readily the scientific name for himself, "keys" or 
"tables of determination" are made an important part of the work. 
These are, when necessary, for families, subfamilies, tribes, genera 
and species in the order named. When there are but two species 
belonging to a genus the specific key is usually omitted. These keys 
contain, for the most part, a few of the more salient or easily recog- 
nized characters separating the genera or species. In most in- 
stances, to avoid repetition, these characters are not again given in 



THE MEASUREMENTS OF A BEETLE. 



23 



the brief descriptions which follow, and the keys should, therefore, 
always be used in connection with the descriptions. It is also im- 
portant to bear in mind that the characters used and statements 
made, both in the keys and descriptions, are to be considered as ap- 
plying only to the species of the Indiana fauna or those of adjoin- 
ing States. They may be, and in general are, capable of much 
wider application, but it is not safe to assume that such is the case. 

In the "keys to genera" are included the characters leading up 
to the names of those genera which, from their known representa- 
tion in adjoining States, are probably represented in Indiana, even 
though no species belonging to them has as yet been taken. The 
same is often true of the "keys to species." Many species are 
therein included, but not thereafter described, whose known range 
is such that it is very probable that they occur in some part of the 
State. The future collector or student will therefore be able to 
identify almost any species which may come to hand from Indiana 
or adjoining territory. 

The number in parenthesis before the name of each species is 
that of the Henshaw "List of the Coleoptera of America north of 
Mexico," or the Third Supplement to the same. 

The dates given after the description of each species are only 
the earliest and latest at which the species has been noted in the 
State and do not, therefore, necessarily show the actual time of 
appearance or disappearance. The asterisk (*) preceding the name 
of a species indicates that the species was taken in the winter sea- 
son in Vigo County, and was mentioned specifically in my "Notes 
on the Winter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana," published in 
Psyche, vol. VII, 1895-96. 

Measurements. — Since the beetles are mostly of small size, the 
unit of measurement used in the descriptions is the millimetre 
(mm.) which = .0394, or a little more than of an inch. The 
smaller divisions of the accompanying scale (Fig. 5a) show, as ac- 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Fig. 5a. 

curately as can be represented, the length of a millimetre. For all 
practical purposes it may be remembered that 2.5 mm. = inch; 
3 mm. r= | -f inch; 4 mm. - -J- -f- inch; 5 mm. — 4- inch; 7.5 mm. = 
-i^-inch; 10 mm. = finch; 12.5 mm. = \ inch; 15 mm. = f inch; 17.5 



24 



COLEOPTERA OE INDIANA. 



mm = ft inch; 20 mm. = * inch. The divisions of the scale sepa- 
rated by the longer lines 1, 2, 3, etc., are centimetres. 

Bibliography and Synonymy. The titles, with names of he 
authors, of the principal papers used in the preparation of the 
"Descriptive Catalogue" are given under each family tribe or 
genus These papers have been used freely, but in general no credit 
has been given them. This was not from a lack of a sense of 
' ' iustice due. ' ' but solely in order to save space. Wherever possible 
the snecies in hand has been studied in connection with the original 
description and the citation given after the name of each species is 
to that description alone. However, in the ease of species described 
by Thomas Say, the citation- is not only to the place of original 
description, hut after the term "ibid," to the volume and page of 
the Leconte edition of Say's works, which is the one in common use. 

Aside from the papers mentioned in the body of the work there, 
is one to which especial tribute should be paid, and without which 
the preparation of this or any other paper dealing with the ma- 
jority of families and genera of North American Coleoptera would 
be practically impossible. This sine qua non is Leeonte and Horn s 
"Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,' published m 
1883 as No 507 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. It is 
a veritable storehouse of knowledge, which is a lasting monument 
to the fame of the two greatest Coleopterists which this country ever 
had or probably ever will have. From it have been taken the mam 
facts used in characterizing the families and most of the genera 
represented in Indiana. The only fault to find with the Classifi- 
cation" is its extensive use of technical language, which renders it 
a kind of "bug-bear" to beginners. This I have tried to remedy 
by simplifying, in many instances, the terms there used, even at the 
expense of space which could be ill spared. 

In addition to the "Classification," LeBaron's "Fourth Annual 
Report on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Illinois," Corn- 
stock's "Manual for the Study of Insects," and Sharp's "Insects- 
Part II," have been the general works most used. 



THE CLASSIFICATION OF BEETLES. 



25 



A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA 

(Exclusive of the Rhynchophora.) 
KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA. 



The insects of the Order Coleoptera, sufficiently denned on a 
preceding page, are separated into two suborders as follows : 

KEY TO SUBORDERS OF COLEOPTERA. 

a. Mouth parts normal, rarely unfit for use, never departing from the 
ordinary type ; palpi always flexible, maxillary usually four-jointed, 
labial three-jointed ; gular sutures double, at least before and behind ; 
prosternal sutures distinct. Suborder I. Coleoptera (genuina). 
aa. Head more or less prolonged in front to form a beak ; . palpi usually 
rigid and not evident ; gula not evident ; prosternal sutures wanting. 

Suborder II. Rhynchophora. 

On account of a lack of time and space, the Rhynchophora of the 
State are not treated in the present paper. A large collection of 
them is, however, at hand, and they will, if circumstances allow, 
be catalogued and described in a future treatise, 

Suborder I. COLEOPTERA (genuina.) 

This suborder is divided into the following series or groups of 
families : 

key to series of coleoptera (genuina). 
a. Hind tarsi (except in a few Clavicornia) with the same number of 
joints at least as the others. 
b. Fourth and fifth tarsal joints not united, the fifth, when present, 
always distinct. 

c. First three ventral segments united, the first divided by the hind 
coxal cavities so that the sides are separated from the very 
small median portion; all the tarsi five-jointed; antennae fili- 
form or nearly so ; habits mostly predaceous. 

Series I. Adephaga, p. 2G. 
cc. First ventral segment visible for its entire breadth (except in 
Rhyssodidae) . 

d. Antennae with the terminal joints not lamellate or leaf-like and 
capable of separation. 
e. Antennae clavate or capitate, very rarely serrate ; species liv- 
ing for the most part in decaying animal and vegetable 
matter. Series II. Clavicornia, p. 242. 

ec. Antennae with joints from the third onward more or less ser- 
rate or saw-toothed, very rarely clavate or capitate; food 
variable, but rarely decaying animal matter. 

Series III. Serricornia, p. GS6. 



26 



COLEOPTEKA OF INDIANA. 



dd interna with the terminal joints forming a lamellate club com- 
posed of movable plates or leaves, capable of separation and 
usually of accurate apposition; legs more or less fossorial ; 
tarsi five-jointed; food variable, either decaying wood, dung, 
carrion or foliage. Series IV. Lamellicornia, p. 903. 

W Fourth and fifth tarsal joints firmly united, the fourth joint very 
small, the tarsi therefore appearing but four-jointed; sole usually 
densely pubescent; antenme filiform, rarely serrate or thickened 
towards tip; leaf-eaters or wood-borers. 

Series V. Phytophaga, p. 1005. 
aa Front and middle tarsi five-jointed, hind tarsi four-jointed, the joints 
usually slender and bare or at most sparsely haired or spmose , 
other characters and food habits very variable. 

Series VI. Heteromera. p. 1-4- 

Series I. ADEPHAGA. 

The members of this series always have the mouth parts highly 
developed, the outer lobe of the maxillae being nearly always di- 
vided into a two-jointed palpus, so that there appear to be six palpi. 
Abdomen with the exposed segments one more m number at the 
sides than along the middle, the number usually being five along the 
middle and six at each side. They are for the most part active, pre- 
daceous and carnivorous in habit. Five of the seven families com- 
prising the series are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF ADEPHAGA. 

a Terrestrial species; antenna, with at least the six outer joints pubes- 
cent ; metasternum with an antecoxal piece, separated by a well 
marked suture, reaching from one side to the other and extending 
in a triangular process between the hind cox*, 
b. Antennae inserted on the front above the base of the mandibles 
inner lobe of the maxilla, ending in a movable hook; eyes lai b e 
and prominent; head vertical, wider than thorax. 

Family I. Cicindelid.f,, p. z<. 

k Antennae arising from the side of the head between the base, >f the 
mandibles and the eyes ; inner lobe of maxillae not ending in a 
movable hook; eyes usually of moderate size; head horizontal 
or slightly inclined, usually narrower than thorax. 

Family II. Carabid.e, p. 3b. 
aa lauatic species; antenna, destitute of pubescence; metasternum ( ex- 
^Pt in Halipiidae) without an antecoxal piece but prolonged behind 
in a triangular process. , i , nim 
c. Eyes two; antenna, slender and filiform or setaceous; abdomen 

with six segments. 
a Antenna, ten-jointed; hind coxa, prolonged as large plates cover- 
ing the femora and a large part of the abdomen; hind legs not 
formed for swimming. Family III. Haliplid^, p. 200. 



THE TIGER BEETLES. 



27 



dd. Antenna eleven-jointed; bind eoxal plates not covering the fe- 
mora ; hind legs with fringes of long hairs, usually compressed 
and formed for vigorous swimming. 

Family IV. Dytisoid^e, p. 204. 

cc. Eyes four; antennae irregular, very short; abdomen with seven 
segments ; middle and hind legs forming short, broad paddles. 

Family V. Gyrinidjs, p. 236. 

Family I. CICINDELID^. 
The Tiger Beetles. 

To this family belong those oblong, predaceous ground beetles 
which occur for the most part along sandy banks of streams, road- 
ways and woodland paths. They are among the most handsome and 
agile of our beetles, the legs being slender and adapted to running. 
Most of the species possess inner wings and when pursued they 
often run swiftly for several feet, then take a quick flight, but usu- 
ally alight several rods in advance of where they were flushed. 
Upon alighting they usually turn so as to face the pursuer. 

The antennae are 11-jointed, filiform and slender, inserted on 
the front above the base of the mandibles, which are long and 
sharply toothed; terminal hook of the maxillae movable; eyes 
prominent; tarsi all 5-jointed; hind coxae mobile and simple. 

The name of the principal genus, Cicindela, is derived from the 
Latin candela, a candle or taper, and was applied by the ancients 
to the glowworm. The common name, tiger beetle, portrays well 
the habits of the mature insect, which is ever eager to seize upon 
some weaker form of life which will serve it as prey. The name is 
also suggestive of the stripes or spots with which the elytra of many 
of the species are marked. The males may be known by their hav- 
ing the sixth ventral segment broadly notched, so as to expose a sev- 
enth segment, which is invisible in the female ; and by having the 
first three joints of the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent on 
the under side. 

The larvae of the tiger beetle are whitish grubs, with large, flat, 
metallic colored heads and long toothed mandibles. They live in 
vertical burrows in sandy banks, beaten paths and dry plowed 
fields. These burrows are often a foot or more in depth, and in 
their upper portion the larva props itself so that the head serves as 
a plug or stopper for the hole. The prop with which it holds itself 
in place is a hump on the fifth segment of the abdomen, to which are 



28 



FAMILY I. — CICINDELIM. 




attached two hooks. These are curved in such a way as to 
prevent the larva from being jerked out of the burrow when 
it happens to "catch a tartar" in the form of some larger 
or stronger insect than itself. (Fig. 6.) While waiting 
for prey its jaws, like those of a steel trap when set, are 
wide open, ready to seize the first unwary insect that walks 
rig. 6. over the living trap. It drags its victim, when captured, 
Comstock) to the bottom of the burrow and there devours it at leisure, 
squeezing out the juice and softer parts and rejecting the hard and 
innutritious portions. 

The principal works of reference on the family are as follows : 

LeConte.— "Revision of the Cieindelidae," in Trans. Amer. Phil. 

Soc, XI, 1857, 27-63. 
ScMupp.— 1 'Revision of the Cicindelida?,, " in Bull. Brook. Ent. 

Soc, VI, 1883-84, 73-108 ; 121-126, Pis. I-V. 
jjQng —"Revision of the Cicihdelidse of Boreal America," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXVIII, 1902, 93-186, Pis. I-IV. 

About 1,400 species of Cicindelidai are known, 93 species and 
numerous varieties of which have been described from the United 
States. These belong to five different genera, only two of which 
are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CICINDELID^. 

a Third joint of maxillary palpi longer than the fourth. I. Tetracha. 
aa. Third joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the fourth. II. Cictndela. 

I. Tetracha Hope. 1837. (Or.", "in four parts.") 

This genus is represented in the southern portion of the United 
States by two rather large metallic green species which are noc- 
turnal in habit, hiding during the day and hunting by night. One 
of the two occurs in the southern third of Indiana, while the other 
has been found in southern Illinois and should be looked for in the 
southwestern counties of this State. They have the head large, 
with large circular eyes; mandibles with four teeth; thorax 
smooth, broader than long, with a large triangular impression at 
middle ; elytra slightly convex, broader than base of thorax, deeply 
and coarsely punctate. 



THE TIGER BEETLES. 



29 



1 (13). Tetracha virginica Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 
1735, 567. 

Dark gold green; elytra blackish at middle, their 
sides with a broad metallic green stripe; antennae, 
legs and last ventral segment dull brownish-yellow. 
Length 20-24 mm. (Fig. 7.) 

Vigo, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties; 
frequent. June 30-September 25. Probably oc- 
curs in most of the counties covered by the Au- 
stroriparian fauna. It is found beneath stones, 
wheat shocks and other hiding places, especially along and near 
streams, and is often attracted by electric and other lights. 

The other species, T. Carolina Linn., is slightly larger and of a 
lighter green hue, with the apical portion of the elytra, legs and 
antenna? yelloAV. 

II. Cicindela Linn. 1735. (L., "a candle or taper.") 

This genus is represented in the United States by 75 or more 
species and many varieties. In shape they are very uniform, but 
differ much in size and color, and have the head large, with promi- 
nent eyes; thorax varying from cylindrical to a flattened trape- 
zoidal form and narrower than head; elytra usually quite convex 
and subparallel at the sides with the tips usually rounded, emar- 
ginate in one group. 

Unlike most other members of the family the species of Cicin- 
dela are diurnal in habit, hiding by night and on cloudy or rainy 
days in holes dug in the sand, or beneath bark, chips, stones and 
rubbish. On bright sunny days, however, they are out in numbers, 
frequenting those haunts for which nature has fitted them. Here, 
as long as motionless, their hues blend with their surroundings in 
such a manner as to render them unnoticeable to higher forms. It 
is very probable that several species which occur in early spring 
hibernate in the perfect or imago stage. A number of them are 
double brooded. 

Fifteen members of the genus have been taken in Indiana, while 
two others may occur. These may be distinguished one from an- 
other by the following table. Since in it numerous references are 
made to the white markings on the elytra, the following explana- 
tory terms regarding them are given : 




30 



FAMILY I. CICJNPELIDiE. 




Fig. 8. Fig. 9. 

(After Leng.) 



When the markings are in bands, as in Fig. 8: (0. repancla.) 

1 = humeral lunule. 

2 — marginal line. 

3 = middle band. 

4 = apical lunule. 
When the markings are in dots as in Fig. 9 : 

5 (See fig. 23) = basal dot, 

6 = humeral dot. 

7 = posthumeral dot. 

8 • : marginal dot, 

9 = supplementary dot, 

10 = discal dot, 

11 = anteapical dot. 

12 = apical dot. 

When these markings are of the style shown in figure (C. hirti- 
colis) they are said to be complete; when lacking in part or broken 
up into dots, they are called incomplete. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CICINDELA. 

a. Under side of abdomen metallic blue or green. 

/>. Thorax more or less flattened, its sides margined. 

c. Abdomen not hairy; front of head flat; elytra flattened and with 
a white marginal dot. 2. unipunctata. 

go. Abdomen sparsely hairy; front concave; elytra with a vague de- 
pression on basal third, dull brown or black with humeral, 
posthumeral and anteapical dots and narrow middle band. 

LONGILABRIS. 

hi). Thorax convex, not margined; elytra convex. 

a. Pubescence beneath either erect or lacking; outer margin of ely- 
tra in female not angulate. 
e. Thorax much narrowed behind; markings incomplete, reduced 
to dots or spots ; colors usually bright, 
f. Elytra without well defined median band. 
g. Thorax quadrate; elytra green or purple; markings dis- 
tinct. 

h. Elytra smooth or nearly so; apical lunule and one or 
more marginal spots present ; color purplish bronze. 

3. LECONTEI. 

hh. Elytra distinctly punctured; markings reduced to small 

Smooth. 4. SEXGUTTATA. 

gg Thorax subcylindrical ; elytra black or dark bronze; mark- 
ings very indistinct. 13. punctulata. 
ff. Elytra with well defined median band. 

i. Color either bright or bluish-green ; front of head smooth. 

5. patruela. 



THE TIGER BEETLES. 



31 



ii. Color coppery or purplish-green ; front of head hairy; 
elytra granulate-punctate. 6. purpurea. 

cc. Thorax slightly or not at all narrowed behind; markings com- 
plete or nearly so ; colors usually dull. 
j. Elytra! markings quite broad, connected at margin; humeral 
lunule obliquely prolonged backward ; labrum three-toothed ; 
larger, 16-18 mm. generosa. 
jj. Elytra 1 markings narrower, less prominent, complete or in- 
complete, not wholly connected at margin. 
k. Humeral lunule obliquely prolonged backward; middle band 
not extended along the margin. 8. vulgaris. 

A7,\ Humeral lunule C-shaped, not prolonged backward; mid- 
dle band (except in 12-guttata) more or less extended 
along the margin. 
I. Labrum three-toothed; apical lunule bent forward and 
inward. 9. ancocisconensis. 

//. Labrum one-toothed ; apical lunule not bent as above. 
m. Marginal white line not connected with humeral lunule. 
the latter not bent upward at posterior end; thorax 
less hairy. 

». Elytral markings complete. 10. repanda. 

nn. Elytral markings broken into dots ; form broader and 
flatter. 11. 12-guttata. 

mm. Marginal white line connected with humeral lunule, the 
latter bent upward at its hind extremity; thorax 
very hairy. 12. hirticollis. 

dd. Pubescence beneath prostrate or decumbent ; outer margin of 
elytra in female angulate near apex, 
o. Elytra white with a few dark markings. 15. lepida. 

oo. Elytra cupreous or bronze; markings complete. 

14. cuprascens. 

aci. Under side of abdomen partly red. 

p. Elytra dark brown without a marginal white band, the markings 
normal. 16. rueiventris. 

pp. Elytra greenish or fuscous with a white submarginal band. 

MARGINIPENNIS. 

2 (17). Cicindela unipunctata Fab., Syst. Ent., 1775, 225. 

Dull brown, beneath dark blue; elytra rough with green 
fovea and punctures, and with a triangular marginal white 
dot. Length 16-18 mm. (Fig. 10.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent in Crawford and 
Posey counties, less so in Vigo and Putnam. May 4- 
September 5. Occurs singly or in pairs on hare spots 
in upland woods and along woodland paths. Instead 
of flying -when alarmed, it often attempts to hide be- Fig. 10. 
neath leaves and stones, and can usually be readily (After LeugJ 
captured with the hand. 

[3—23402] 




32 



FAMILY I. CICINDELTDJE. 



C. Imigilabris Say probably occurs sparingly in the northern 
third of the State, as its range includes Michigan and Wisconsin. 

3 (19e). Cicindela scutellaris lecontei Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. VI. 1853, 361. 
Elytra purplish or coppery bronze with apical limule. one or 
two marginal spots and sometimes witb a humeral spot, these 
rarely confluent. Front hairy in male, nearly bald in female. 
Femora, flanks of thorax and front and middle coxa- rather dense- 
(AfterLeng) ly clothed with long white hair. Length 12 mm. (Fig. 11.) 

This handsome variety of the western species scutellaris has so 
far been taken only in Lake and Porter counties, and is probably 
confined to the sandy areas of the northwestern portion of the State. 
Where found it is frequent in open sandy spots and along sandy 
pathways, usually distant from water. April 21-September 9. 






Fig. 12. 



Fig. 13. 



Fig. 14. 
(After Wickham.) 






1 (24). Cicindela sexguttata Fab., Syst. Flit.. 1775, 226. 

Bright green above, often with a strong bluish reflection ; each 
elvtron with one to five white dots, these sometimes indistinct or 
even wholly lacking. Front not hairy; under surface with only 
a few scattered white hairs. Elytra convex, granulate-punctate. 
Length 10-14 mm. (Figs. 12 and 16.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-September 
15. One of the most attractive of our tiger beetles. It is (A |j r ^ ng) 
found most frequently along pathways in open woodlands ; 
also often on logs, beneath the loose bark of which it hides by night 
and in cloudy weather. It has been noted on the cement sidewalks 
near the center of Indianapolis. 
5 (24b). Cicindela patrueia Dej.. Spec. I. 1825, 62. 

Resembles sexguttata but usually larger and somewhat darker. Me- 
dian band and often the humeral lumile complete; apical and anteapical 
dots more distinct. Under side much more hairy, the cox*e,.pro- and metas- 
ternn being especially pilose. Length 12-14.5 mm. 



THE TIGER BEETLES. 



33 



Lake and Lawrence counties; rare. May 7-July 27. Occurs 
in shaded pathways on high, dry hills. Usually placed as a variety 
of sexgxtitata, but Leng considers them distinct. 

G (25). ClCINDELA puepueea Oliv., Ent., II, 1794, 14. 

Reddish cupreous, margins aud suture of elytra green ; mark- 
ings consisting of a narrow oblique middle band, an apical dot 
and sometimes an anteapical and humeral dot. Thorax deeply 
impressed, granulate and rugose. Length 14-16 mm. (Figs. 13 
and 17.) 

This handsome beetle has so far been noted only in 
southern Indiana, where it has been taken in a half dozen Flg - 1 ' . 

(After Leng.) 

or more counties. However, it probably occurs through- 
out the State, as its general range includes the entire United States. 
It frequents the grassy margins of roads and meadow pathways. 
Double brooded and probably hibernates. April 23-October 15. 

The variety Umhalis Klug., in which the middle band is long 
and sinuate and with humeral, posthumeral, apical and anteapical 
dots usually present, probably occurs sparingly in the State, its 
range being given as "Maine to Colorado and Kansas." 

7 (26a). Cicinuela Formosa generosa. Dej., Spec. V, 183], 231. 

Dull reddish cupreous or brownish-bronzed ; white markings wide, 
prominent and connected on margin, the middle band bent backward, then 
forward and almost reaching the suture. Thorax broader than long, granu- 
late, very hairy on the flanks. Length 16-18 mm. (Fig. 14.) 

This eastern form of Say's formosa has been taken only in Lake, 
Porter, Laporte, Yigo. Perry and Posey counties, where it occurs in 
numbers on bare sandy spots and along sandy roads. May 13-Oc- 
tober 1. It is more wary and difficult to capture than most of its 
kind and when flushed often makes a prolonged flight. Generosa 
and unipunctata are the largest of our tiger beetles, and the former 
will probably be found over most of the sand covered areas of the 
State. 




8 (32). Cicindela vulgaris Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. 1818, 
409 ; ibid. II, 422. 

Brownish-bronze aboYe. dark green beneath; elytral markings 
consisting of humeral lunule obliquely prolonged; a middle band 
but slightly expanded on margin, entering obliquely and bent at 



Fig. 18. an obtuse angle, and an apical lunule. Length 13-16 mm. (Figs. 

(After Leng.) 15 an( j. 18.) 





34 FAMILY I. — CICJNDELTD/E. 

Throughout the State; common. April 2-October 9. Occurs 
usually on sandy or mud flats, 20 and more feet back from running 
water - also along sandy roads or on bare spots and pathways m 
open upland woods. One specimen was taken April 3d on a cement 
walk in Indianapolis. 

9 (31). Cictndela ancocisconensis HaiT., Family Visitor, 1853, 
No. 3, p. 2. 

Brown-bronzed above, bright metallic green beneath ; humeral 
hmule scarcely curved; middle band obtusely bent and extended 
along the margin toward the apex; apical lunule bent forward 
and inward. Front hairy; thorax subquadrate ; elytra granulate- 
punctate. Length l^l^mm. (Fig. 19.) 
(A^ri) Fulton County; scarce. July 14. Taken in small 
numbers along the borders of Bruce Lake and along ditches 
in peat bogs and tamarack swamps. Probably occurs sparingly in 
like situations throughout the northern third of the State, its range 
being given as "New Hampshire to Illinois." 

10 (33). Cicindela eepanda Dej., Spec., I, 1825, 71. 

Brownish-bronze with a more or less greenish or coppery re- 
flection; humeral lunule C-shaped; middle band rectangularly 
bent, connected with a marginal white line which nearly but never 
quite reaches the apical and humeral lunules. Front sparingly p . g 2Q 
hairy. Thorax nearly square, hairy on the sides. Elytra granu- (AfterLe ng.) 
late-punctate, parallel in the male, suddenly dilated before the 
middle in the female. Length 12-13 mm. (Fig. 20.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 18-October 5. Occurs 
most abundantly on sand banks and gravel bars; also along the 
borders of roads, fields and railway tracks. 

11 (33c). Cicindela 12-guttata Dej., Spec, I, 1825, 73. 

Brownish-bronze ; elytral markings consisting of humeral, post- 
humeral, apical, anteapical and upper discal dots and a very nar- 
row middle band, scarcely reaching the discal dot. From repanda, 
of which it is usually considered a variety, it differs also "by the 
more flattened form, by the shorter and less convex thorax and 
by the elytra of the female being only gradually dilated.. 
(After Leng.) (Leng.) Length 12-15 mm. (Fig. 21.) 

Lake. Starke, Fulton, Vigo and Posey counties. May 27-October 
10. Occurs sparingly only along the margins of ditches in peat 
bogs and low, moist grounds. 




THE TIGER BEETLES. 



35 




Fig. 22. 
(After Leng.j 



12 (35). Cicindela torticollis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, r. 

1818. 411; ibid. II, 2. 
Brown bronze above; beneath green, very hairy; humeral 
lunule bent upward a1 Us hind extremity and connected by a 
marginal line with middle band, the marginal line usually broken 
before the apical lunule. Front hairy. Thorax quadrate, flat, 
very hairy. Elytra granulate-punctate, suddenly dilated before 
the middle in both sexes. Length 13-14 mm. (Figs. 15a and 22.) 

Abundant along the shore of Lake Michigan and on the 
sand dunes back from the lake; also found on the sandy 
beaches of other large lakes in northern Indiana. May 13-Sept. 5. 

13 (40). Cicindela punctulata Oliv., Ent. II, 1794, 27. 

Slender, subcylindrical. Black, dark brown or greenish-bronzed above ; 
greenish-blue beneath; the whitish markings, except the apical lunule, 
usually reduced to one or two minute dots, with rarely a broken humeral 
lunule and interrupted middle band present. Front without hairs. Thorax 
sparsely hairy, very finely granulate. Elytra densely punctured, each with 
a row of larger green punctures near the suture. Length 11-14 mm. 

Throughout the State; one of the most common and widely dis- 
tributed of tiger beetles. Often found about electric lights and on 
the walks of the -cities ; also along dry upland roads and especially 
pathways in open woods. May 25-November 4. 

14 (45). Cicindela clprascens Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1852, 65. 

Cupreous or greenish-bronzed above ; markings complete and 
connected along the marginal line. Front hairy. Thorax flat- 
tened, nearly quadrate, slightly rounded at sides, thinly clothed 
with white hairs. Outer margin of male elytron slightly sinuate; 
of female elytron strongly sinuate with a tooth one-fourth from 
the tip. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 23.) 

Frecpient along the sandy beach of Lake Michigan, near 
Pine, Lake County and Dune Park, Porter County ; also a 
single example from a sand bar in Putnam County. Probably wide- 
ly distributed in the State. July 5-September 1. 

Those found along the beach of Lake Michigan are more slender, 
less strongly punctured and with the marginal tooth of the female 
elytron more obtuse than in the Putnam County form. They are to 
be referred to the variety macro. Lec. 




Fig. 23. 
(After Leng.) 



15 (55). Cicindela lepida Dej., Spec. Y, 1831. 255. 

Flat and broad. Head and thorax greenish-bronze, hairy : 
elytra white with a few green or bronze dark lines ; under sur- 
face densely clothed with white hair. Elytra sinuate at apex, 
more deeply so in female. Length 9-12 mm. (Fig. 24.) 

Taken in the State only on the bare white sand along the beach 
of Lake Michigan near Pine, Lake County, and Dune Park, Porter 



Fig. 24. 
(After Leng.) 



36 FAMILY II. — CARABIDiE. 

County. June 27-Scptcmber 5. As its color harmonizes so closely 
with that of its resting place, it must be marked down and then 
kept in view until close enough to capture with the net. It is said 
to fly to electric light. 

16 (64). Cicindela RUFivENTKis Dej.. Spec, I, 1825, 102. 

Dark smoky brown, bronzed above ; bluish-green beneath, ab- 
domen red; elytral markings consisting of apical lunule and 
humeral, posthumeral, marginal and two discal dots ; the latter 
sometimes wanting, sometimes united to form a short, sinuate 
middle band. Head finely striate, not hairy. Thorax subquad- 
Fig. 25. rate with sparse hairs each side. Elytra faintly punctate. Length 

(After Leng.) < V12 mm . (Fig. 25.) 

This species has so far been taken in Indiana only on bare spots 
on the slopes and tops of high hills near Wyandotte Cave, Craw- 
ford County. Here it is quite common from June 15 to Septem- 
ber, and can be readily approached and easily taken with a net. It 
probably occurs in like situations in many localities in the southern 
third of the State. 

Cicindela rnarginipcnnis Dej. has been taken by Dury on a sand 
bar of the Little Miami River near Batavia Junction, Ohio. May 
17. It therefore very probably occurs along the streams of the 
southeastern portion of Indiana. 

Family II. CARABIDiE. 
The Ground Beetles. 

This family has more representatives in Indiana than any other 
family of Coleoptera. Its members are to be looked for anywhere 
on or close to the ground, where by day they usually hide beneath 
whatever cover presents itself. At night they roam about m eager 
search for anything which will furnish food. All the species have 
long legs and run with great rapidity. While the inner wings are 
present in most forms, they seldom attempt to escape by flight ; 
though some of the smaller ones are seen flying in numbers during 
the first warm days of spring or about electric lights during summer 
evenings. The principal characters of the family may be briefly 
diagnosed as follows: 

Head narrower than thorax, directed forward ; mentum deeply 
emarginate ; maxillae with the outer lobe destitute of a movable 
hook at the tip; antenna 11-jointecl, filiform, inserted under a 
frontal ridge behind the base of the mandibles, the joints (except 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



37 



the basal ones) covered with a minute pubescence ; epimera and epi- 
sterna of thorax distinct; abdomen with six, rarely {Brachinini) 
with seven ventral segments, the first visible only at the sides ; legs 
slender, the hind ones not very different from the middle pair ; 
front and middle coxa? globular, hind coxae dilated on the inner 
side; tarsi 5-jointed. 

The majority of the species of Carabida? are predaceous and 
beneficial, feeding in part upon the larva? and mature forms of 
other insects'; their mouth parts being excellently adapted to catch- 
ing and masticating such food. Dr. S. A. Forbes examined 175 
specimens representing 38 species and 20 genera. Of these 83 speci- 
mens, obtained in miscellaneous situations, had derived 42 per cent, 
of their food from the animal kingdom, while of 70 specimens taken 
in an orchard where canker-worms were, abundant, 77 per cent, of 
their food was of animal origin, 21 per cent, being canker-worms. 
Of the 175 specimens examined, 57 per cent, of the food was of ani- 
mal origin, 36 per cent, being composed of the remains of insects; 
the other 21 per cent, being made up of mollusks, earthworms, myra- 
pods and arachnida?. The vegetable matter eaten was composed of 
the remains of cryptogamic plants and the pollen of grasses and 
Oomposita?.* 

A few members, especially those belonging to the genera Har- 
palus, AnisodactyUis and Amara, are seed eaters and probably do 
more damage than good ; while the larva? of Omophron and some of 
the species of Clivina have been known to be quite destructive to the 
soft sprouting grains of corn. However, on account of their great 
numbers and predaceous habits, both in the larval and perfect 
stages, our Carabida^ doubtless play an important part in holding 
in check the excessive multiplication of other and more injurious in- 
sect forms. 

The larva? of the Carabida? are mostly long, flattened grubs, 
with the body of nearly equal breadth throughout. They 'have sharp 
projecting mandibles and the hind end of the bodv bears a pair of 
conical bristly appendages. Like the adults they are predaceous, 
living in burrows just beneath the surface of the ground, and feed- 
ing upon the soft bodied larva* of many leaf eating insects which 
enter the ground to transform. "When fully grown they change to 
pupa 1 under ground in small earthen cells which thev form for this 
purpose. When ready to emerge as imagoes, the color changes 

*"The Food Relations of the Cirabidi© and Qaccinellidaj," in Bull, No. 6, 111, Lab, Nat, Hist, 1883, 



38 ' FAMILY IT. CAB ABID2E. 

from almost white to that of the perfect insect, and leaving the old 
pupal skin behind the young beetle crawls forth to the shelter of 
some object which will protect it by day, while at night it roams 
freely in search of food or a mate with which to perpetuate its kind. 

About 13,000 species of Carabiche are known, more than 1,200 
of which have been described from the different parts of the United 
States. Of these 366 representing 73 genera have, up to the pres- 
ent, been taken in Indiana, The principal papers treating of each 
genus will be mentioned under the tribal or generic heading. For a 
general classification of the family the student is referred to the fol- 
lowing papers : 

LeConte.—' 'Notes on the Classification of the Carabida3 of the 
United States/' in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 363-403. 

7/ om .__<<On the Genera of Carabida3 with special reference to 
the fauna of Boreal America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
IX, 1881, pp. 91-196, pis. III-X. 

By Dr. Horn the Carabidae were divided into three subfamilies, 
two of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF CARABIDiE. 

a Middle coxal cavities not entirely enclosed by the 
sterna alone, the epimeron of the mesosterniun 
reaching the coxa on the outer side. (Fig. 26.) 

Subfamily I. Carabine, p. 38. 

aa Middle coxal cavities entirely enclosed by the sterna 
the epimeron not reaching the coxa ; head without 
(Aft 4, antennal grooves beneath and with one or more 

l. Coxal cavities; 2. distinct bristly hairs above the eyes. 

Epimeron; 3. Mesosterna; Subfamily II. HaRPALIN.E, p. 63. 




4. Metasterna. 



Subfamily I. CARABINAE. 

In this subfamily the epimera of the mesosteruum nearly equal 
the episterna in size and reach the coxal cavities, forming a part of 
their enclosing walls. The head has one or two large punctures 
above each eve, each bearing a bristly hair ; sides of thorax usual y 
with two similar punctures. Front tibi* cither entire obliquely 
grooved or emarginate. The subfamily is divided into 15 tribes, ot 
which but six' arc represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CARABIN.E. 

a. Front coxal cavities oiien behind. 

h liind eoxas separated; labrum deeply forked. 



) 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



39 



bh. Hind coxae not separated; labrum not forked. 

c. Mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side; 

size large, 18 or more mm. Tribe III. Carabini, p. 44. 

cc. Mandibles each with a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side; 
smaller, not over 12 mm. Tribe V. Nebritni, p. 50. 

aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 

<l. Presternum prolonged and dilated, entirely concealing the mesu- 
sternum ; seutellum invisible. Tribe I. Omophronini, p. 39. 

<1<L Prosternum not concealing the mesosternuni. 

e. Antennae free at base; body not pedunculate, the bases of* thorax 
and elytra in contact; seutellum visible. 

Tribe IV. Elaphkini, p. 48. 
ee. Antennae arising under a frontal plate; body pedunculate, the 
bases of thorax and elytra remote; seutellum not visible; hind 
coxae contiguous. Tribe VI. Scaritini, p. 53. 

Tribe I. OMOPHRONINI. 
Antennas slender, inserted under a slight frontal margin, four 
basal joints glabrous; mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture on 
outer side ; second joint of labial palpi with several seta* or bristle- 
like hairs; body not pedunculate; mesosternuni covered by the 
prolonged prosternum. The tribe is represented by the single 
genus : 

I. Omophron Latr. 1802 (Gr., "savage-like.") 

Form oval, convex; seutellum invisible. The species occupy 
holes in wet sand along the margins of streams, ponds and lakes. 
They are also often 
found under stones or 
in holes between the 
roots of plants along the 
water's edge, and are 
frequently caught in 
minnow seines. By 
throwing water over the 
sand banks they can be 
forced out and are then 
easily captured, as they 
do not fly. For detailed 
papers on the genus see : 

Horn. — ' ' Synopsis of 
m o phron," in 
Trans, Amer. 
Ent. Soc, III, 

1870, 71. Fig. 27. Omophron labiatum Fab. X 9. (After Forbes.) 




40 



FAMILY II. CAJRABIM. 



Horn.— "Synoptic table of the . genus Omophron," in Bull. 
Brook. Ent. Soc, I, 1878, 4. _ 

Nine speeies are known from the United States, of which four 
have been taken in Indiana, while one other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OMOPHRON. 

„ Broadly oval, shining; elytral stria* almost entirely obliterated at apex 
nnd indistinct on side, the intervals flat; median hue ot thorax 

very faint. , , 

0. Rows of elytral punctures reaching only to middle; color dark 
brown or nearly black, the side margins of thorax and elytra pale. 

LABIATUM. 

bh rows of elytral punctures, reaching two-thirds the distance from 
base to apex ; color dark metallic green, pale at sides. 

17. NITIDUM. 

cm Less broadly oval, less convex and less shining; elytral stria, reach - 
in* to very near the apex, distinct on sides, the intervals convex. 
c Elvira U-striate; stria? shallow, indistinct at apex, punctures large, 

• - Y IS. ROBUSTUM. 

distant. 

cc Elvtra 15-striate; stride deep, distinct at apex. 
\l Thorax with side margin only pale. 10. American™. 

ild Thorax with sides, basal and apical margins pale. 

20. TESSELEATUM. 

0. laUatum Fab. occurs in the ''Middle and Southern States," 
and should he looked for in southern Indiana. (Fig. 27.) 

17 (71) Omophron NiTiDUM Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 184S, 447. 

Dark metallic green, shining; thorax and elytra with a narrow pale 
margin, that of the elytra with three irregular projections the first ^ and 
Lend of which extend inward to the eighth and sixth striae; the thud 
longer subquadrate and near the apex. Thorax without punctures on 
pale margins and at center, coarsely and sparsely punctured near base 
and apex. Punctures of elytra large, distant. Length 5-6 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. Taken by A. B. Wolcott from the beach 
of Lake Michigan near the station of Pine. April 29-May 28. 

18 (74). Omophron robustum Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870, 73. 

Pale brownish-yellow; elytra with broken green cross-markings; the 
strhe with coarse distant punctures. Thorax with a narrow green cross- 
band, which extends forward and backward at the middle, and an oval 
green spot each side. Length 6.5 mm. 

Stein collection from southern Indiana. Probably throughout 
the State, but scarce. Taken by Dury at Cincinnati. 

19 (76) Omophron americanum Dej., Spec, V, 1831, 583. 

Bronzed or greenish-black; head mostly green; thorax and elytra 
with pale margins, those of the former very narrow. Punctures of elytral 
stria* rather hue, the intervals strongly convex. Length 6-7 mm. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



41 



Common throughout the State. April 23-September 5. Some- 
times occurs under rubbish remote from water. 

20 (77). Omophrow tesselattjm Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
ScL, III, 1823, 152; ibid. II. 07. 

Pale brownish-yellow ; bead with a green band across the 
base; thorax with a small, subquadrate green spot which is 
prolonged backward and forward along a deeply impressed 
median line ; elytra with cross-markings metallic green, the 
punctures of the striae close and fine. Thorax coarsely punc- 
tured near base and apex, more finely and very sparsely at middle and 
sides. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 28.) 

Common in the northern part of the State ; rare in the southern 
portion. May 22-August 22. 

Tribe II. CYCHKIXI. 

Head more or less constricted ; neck often semi-globose ; an- 
tennae slender, inserted under a feeble frontal ridge ; labium deep 
ly forked ; body not pedunculate ; seutellum very small. Prester- 
num not prolonged behind the coxae ; hind coxae separated by a tri- 
angular process of the abdomen. The tribe is represented in the 
eastern United States by two genera, separated as follows : 

KEY TO GENERA OF CYCHKIXI. 

a. Antennae with four basal joints glabrous. II. Cychrus. 

aa. Antennae with two basal joints glabrous. Nomaretus. 

Of these only specimens of Cychrus have as yet been taken in 
Indiana, though two or three species of Nomaretus should be found 
here. They are black or violaceous in color and 10-13 mm. in 
length, 

II. Cychrus Fab. 1794:. (Or., "a ground runner.") 

Beetles of medium or large size, violaceous or brownish-purple 
in color, having the head elongate, the mandibles long, slender, 
curved and without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side ; 
labial and maxillary palpi very long, the last joint hatchet-shaped 
and concave. The elytra have 14 to IS very distinct striae, which 
are sometimes irregular or replaced by tubercles. The species live 
beneath stones and leaves, usually in moist woods, and feed upon 
snails, their long; heads having, in the course of time, become especi- 
ally adapted to extracting these animals from their shells. For 
synopses of the genus see: 




42 FAMILY II. — CARABIM. 

Horn —"Synopsis of the Species of Cyehms Inhabiting Boreal 
America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII. 1879, 168-185. 

j/ or7L __Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, I. 1879, 79-82. 

About 30 species of Cyehms are known from the United States. 
Of these but five have so far been taken in Indiana, though two 
others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYC H EES. 

„ Smaller, not over 15 mm. ; front tarsi of male broadly dilated those 
~ of female not dilated: maxilla- Hidden beneath the broad cheeks: 
legs stout. 

D Hind angles of thorax very obtuse; length 12-14 mm. 
' c Thoracic punctures very tew. limited to the basal impressions; 

elvtral striae interrupted only at apex. 21. stenostomus var. 
cc Thorax with numerous punctures between and in the basal im- 
pressions- elvtral striae interrupted behind the middle. 

L ' 22. LECONTEI. 

U Hind angles of thorax rectangular; elvtral stria, interrupted on 
sides and apex ; length 11-12 mm. canadensis. 
aa. Larger, 18-28 mm; front tarsi of male but narrowly dilated; maxilhe 
exposed ; le2;s slender. 
a. Thorax nearly as wide as elytra, the sides much elevated, the hind 

angles prolonged backward, 
e. Smaller, length less than 20 mm. 23- elevatis. 

ee Larger, length more than 25 mm. 24 - unicolob. 

cM. Thorax much narrower than elytra, moderately reflexed. the hind 
angles not prolonged backward. 
f Form robust ; margins of thorax rather wide, distinctly reflexed. 

VIDUTJS. 



ff Form slender ; margins of thorax very narrow, not reflexed. 

" ' 25. ANDREW SII VAR. 

21 (82) Cychres stenostomus Indiana Leng, MS. 

Oval, slender. Black: elytra violaceous, their margins bluish. Thorax 
broader than long, sides enrved. strongly converging on basal halt ; bind 
ang es obtusely rounded : dish smooth, the basa, impressions mear. deep, 
with very few punctures. Elytral intervals slightly interrupted at sides, 
more distinctly on apical fourth, but not tuberculate. Length 11-12 mm. 

Marion Posey, Crawford and Jennings counties; scarce. April 
4-September 20. Mr. Chas. W. Leng, of New York City, who has 
recently made" a special study of North American Cyehms, states 
that this is a distinct variety of denmtomm Web., winch differs 
from that species by the usually "total absence of the transverse 
basal impression of the thorax. » He has given it the varietal name 
indiance. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



43 



22 (82a). Cychrus lecontei Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 15. 

Oval, rather robust; color of the preceding. Basal impressions of 
thorax broad, with numerous punctures. Elytra deeply striate with closely 
placed punctures, the intervals interrupted from the middle to apex, thus 
forming elongate tubercles. Length 12-14 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 20-November 5. In 
the north it occurs beneath sphagnum mosses and about the borders 
of lakes and tamarack marshes, while in the southern counties it is 
found in lowland woods. 

C. canadensis Chaud. has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati, 
and doubtless occurs sparingly in southern Indiana 

23 (86). Cychrus elevatus Fab., Mant, I, 198. 
Oval, robust. Violaceous or cupreous. Antennae slen- 
der, three-fourths the length of body, first joint longer 
than third. Thorax with hind angles prolonged over the 
elytra, the latter with humeral margins much reflexed. 
First joint of front tarsi of male spongy pubescent over 
one-half its lower surface. Length 18-19 mm. (Fig. 29.) 

Fulton County ; rare ; one specimen from near 
DeLong. July 30. Two were in the Stein collec- 
tion from Indiana, but without definite locality. Our form, accord- 
ing to Leng, is var. flammeus Hald., which "differs from the true 
elevatus by being broader and flatter." 

24 (86a). Cychrus unicolor Oliv., Ent, III, 1795, 47. 

Resembles elevatus but much larger and more robust. Elytra with a 
slight emargination or sinuation a little behind the middle, which is not 
present in elevatus. Length 26-28 mm. 

Monroe, Lawrence, Knox, Crawford and Harrison counties ; one 
or two specimens from each. Occurs beneath stones in deep ra- 
vines. May 3-November 14. This is the form often called elevatus 
var. It eras: the name unicolor, however, has priority. It is un- 
doubtedly distinct from elevatus. 




Fig. 29. (After Leng.) 
Natural size. 




25 (— ) 



Fig. 30. 



(After Leng.) 



Cychrus andrewsii germari Chaud., Bull. 
Mosc, II, 1861, 495. 
Oval, rather slender. Violaceous above, black be- 
neath. Thorax longer than wide, subcordate, hind 
angles obtuse; disk almost smooth, punctate along 
the sides, margins narrow, slightly reflexed. First 
joint of front tarsi of male as in elevatus. Length 
19-22 mm. (Fig. 30.) 

A species of southern range, found in small 
numbers near Charlestown Landing, Clark Coun- 
ty; also one specimen from Brown County. 
May 21-October 1. This is the form often called 



44 FAMILY IT. CAE ABIDES. 

andrewsii Harr., but, according to Leng, typical anclrewsii occurs 
only in the mountain region of North Carolina, is .smaller, more 
slender and lacks the interruption of some of the striae usually 
noted on the apical third of the Indiana specimens. 

Tribe III. CARABIN1. 
Species of medium or large size, for the most part noted for 
their beauty of form, color or sculpture. Head not constricted be- 
hind the eyes; labrum broad and emarginate : mandibles stout, 
curved and without bristle-bearing puncture on outer side. Body 
not pedunculate; scutellum small. Presternum prolonged, the 
front coxa! cavities open behind, the hind coxae not separated. 
Males with the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent beneath. 
The tribe is represented in the United States and Indiana by two 
genera, separated as follows : 

KEY TO GENERA OF CARABINE 

a. Third joint of antennas cylindrical. HI. Carabus. 

aa. Third joint of antennas compressed. IV - Calosoma. 

III. Carabus Linn. 1765. (Get., "a horned beetle.") 

Black or brownish-black species above the average in size and 
with the surface of the elytra more or less sculptured. They occur 
beneath stones and logs and are nowhere common, not more than 40 
specimens having been taken in the State during 25 years' collect- 
ing. Nine or ten species are known from the United States. Of 
these four have been taken in Indiana while another probably oc- 
curs. For synoptic tables separating the United States species see : 

Crotch.—. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1876, 247. 

C ro tch.— Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, I, 1878, 66. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARABUS. 

a. Thorax punctate beneath; color brassy-bronze; elytra finely granu- 
late with broken and continuous elevations. meander, 
aa Thorax not punctured beneath. 

b Elytra each with three rows of foveas or little pits. 26. sylvosus, 
V D, Elytra without fovese but with the fourth, eighth and twelfth inter- 
vals broken so as to resemble a series of links, 
c. Margin of elytra serrate near the base. 27. serratus. 

cc. Margin of elytra not serrate. 

d Elytra black, the margins bluish; intervals equal. 

28. LIMBATUS. 

dd Elvira bronzed ; four of the intervals elevated so as to form 
slender ridges. 29 ' VINCTUS ' 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



45 



0. nmander Fisch. is a, boreal species which has been taken by 
Woleott near Chicago and doubtless occurs in the northern third of 
Indiana. He finds it in spring, early summer and autumn, by 
tearing the sod away from the large exposed roots of oak and other 
trees in sparsely wooded pasture land, the beetle occurring between 
the sod and the roots. 

20 (120). Cararus sylvosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 75; 
ibid. II, 492. 

Elongate-oval, robust. Black; margins of thorax and elytra blue. 
Thorax broader than long, slightly punctured, margins reflexed. Elytra 
elongate-oval, the striae very fine. Length 27-30 mm. 

Laporte, Knox and Vigo counties; rare. May 12-October 3. 
Occurs beneath logs in upland sandy woods. 

27 (121). Cararus serratus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 

II, 1823, 77; ibid. II, 494. 

Oval, rather slender. Black with violet margins. Thorax 
broad, disk smooth, margins punctured and slightly reflexed. 
Elytra elongate, the margin with two or three slight notches 
near the base; striae with distant, deep punctures. Length 
20-24 mm. (Eig. 31.) 

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties ; rare. Taken from 
beneath logs in damp localities. April 15-May 21. 

28 (122). Cararus limratus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 77; 

ibid. II, 493. 

Oval, robust. Black with bluish margins. Thorax one- 
half wider than long, rather sparsely and shallowly punctate. Elytra 
deeply striate, punctures distinct and regular, intervals convex. Length 
25-28 mm. 

Fulton, Marion, Vermillion, Vigo, Posey, Monroe and Franklin 
counties; one or two specimens from each. April 10-September 3. 
Occurs in moist upland woods. 

29 (123). Cararus vinctus Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 42. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Dull black, bronzed ; 
thorax with a greenish tinge at borders, its surface not 
punctate, but more or less finely rugose. Broken inter- 
vals of elytra more prominent than in the preceding 
species ; the stria? finely and irregularly granulate-punc- 
tate. Length 25-30 mm. (Fig. 32.) 

Knox, Gibson, Dubois and Spencer counties ; 
scarce. April 23-Jmie 14. Occurs beneath bark 
and other cover in low, moist woods. 





46 



FAMILY II. CAE ABIDES. 



IV. Calosoma Weber. 1801. (Gr., ££ beautiful + body.") 

Large species, green, black or bronze in color, having the tooth 
of mentum simple and third joint of antennae strongly compressed. 
Some of them are very common beneath logs and stones in open 
woods and about the borders of cultivated fields, and are often at- 
tracted in numbers by electric lights. They are among the most 
beneficial of the Carabidse, feeding almost wholly upon caterpillars, 
cutworms and other injurious larvae. About 25 species are known 
from the United States, five of which have been taken in Indiana, 
while another doubtless ozeurs. The following papers are the prin- 
cipal ones treating of the genus; 

LeOonte.— "Notes on the Species of Calosoma Inhabiting the 
United States" in Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1862, 52, 

LeCpnie.— ' Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, I. 1878, 
64. 



30. EXTEUNuM. 



31. 
32. 



SCRUTATOR. 
W1LLCOX1. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALOSOMA. 

a. Elytra without rows of metallic spots. 

b. Elytra black with blue border: length 30 nun. 
hb. Elytra metallic green with red margin. 
c. Length more than 25 mm. 
cc. Length less than 20 mm. 
an. Elytra black, each with three rows of golden or metallic green im- 
pressed spots. 
d. Spots of elytra green. 

c. Length 20 mm.: front tarsi of males with four joints hairy be- 

° , , 33. FRIGID!" M. 

neath. 

cc. Length 25 or more mm. : front tarsi of male with two joints hairy 
beneath. ayi. 
del Spots of elytra golden, very rarely green: front tarsi of male with 
three joints hairy beneath. 34. calidlm. 

30 (124). Calosoma externum Say. Journ. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci,. III. 1S23. 150: ibid. 
II. 96. 

Elongate robust. Black, subopaque: side margins 
of thorax and elytra blue. Thorax with sides rounded, 
broadly flattened and reflexed behind: hind angles 
obtusely rounded. Elytra almost parallel to apical 
fourth, the stria? with distinct pmrr-tures. Length 
30 mm. (Fig. 33.) 

Throughout the State but nowhere common. 
May i3-Otober 18. Occurs singly or in pairs 
beneath cover in open woods. 




Fig. 33 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



47 



31 (127). Calosoma sceutator Fab.. Sys. 

Ent. I, 1785, 239. 

Oval, robust. Disk of thorax blue or 
purplish-black, tbe margins golden or red- 
dish-bronzed; legs blue ; abdomen green and 
red. Thorax very short, more than Twice as 
wide as long, nearly smooth, sides and hind 
angles rounded. Elytra striate, punctured. 
Middle tibia? of male curved and with a 
dense brush of hairs on the inner surface 
near the tip. Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 34.) f 

This large green species is one of the 
most common and most handsome of the 
ground beetles. It occurs in all parts of 
the State and is often attracted by hnnd- 
dreds to the electric lights of the cities. It is sometimes called the 
"searcher" or "'caterpillar hunter." as it ascends trees in search of 
caterpillars, catching and feeding upon many injurious forms. 
Both it and C. calidum give off a very disagreeable odor when 
handled. May 11-July 14. 

32 (128). Calosoma willcoxi Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat Hist., IV, 1848, 440. 

Very similar to scrutator but much smaller and with a narrower 
thorax. Margin of elytra sometimes .green. Middle tibise of male straight : 
not hairy. Length 18 mm. 

Very common along the beach of Lake Michigan in May and 
•June ; less frequent in southern Indiana. April 26-June 10. Often 
attracted by electric light. 

33 (129 j. Calosoma fbigidum Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer.. 
IV, 1837, 19. 

Oval, rather slender. Black above, greenish-black below ; 
thorax and elytra with narrow green margins. Head and 
thorax sparsely and rugosely punctate. Elytra with fine 
punctured stria?, each with three rows of distant, round, 
green impressed spots. Length 20 mm. (Fig. 35.) 

A northern species which has been taken in Indi- 
ana only along the beach of Lake Michigan, where it 
is found in May and June in small numbers. May 
Fig. 35. 27-June 29. 
34 (142). Calosoma calidum Fab.. Syst. Ent.. I, 1785, 237. 

Oval, robust. Black above and below : elytra with three rows of red- 
dish or copper colored pits. Head and thorax finely rugose, not punctate, 
the latter with broad basal impressions. Elytra! striae deep, finely punc- 
tured ; intervals broad and. as in several of the other species, appearing as 
if composed of overlapping scales. Length 21-23 mm. ( Fig. 36.) 
[4 — 23402] 





48 




FAMILY II . C A.11ABIM. 

Common throughout the Stale in meadows, 
cultivated fields, gardens, ete. It is called the 
"fiery hunter," as it is often seen in daytime on 
the search for cutworms and other juicy larva?. 
It is also known to feed upon the young of the 
Colorado potato beetle. The grubs are called 
"cutworm lions," as they capture and destroy 
many of those injurious worms. May 2-July 20. 



Fig. 36. 



Tribe IV. ELAPHRINI. 
Beetles of small or medium size, blackish or bronze in color, 
having the eves more or less prominent, antennas rarely longer 
than head and thorax, with three basal joints glabrous; labrum 
,. mandibles stout, concave and with one bnstle bearing 
puncture on the outer side. Body not pedunculate, scutellum dis- 
tinct Elytra not or feebly margined at base. Presternum not 
iro longed behind the cox,, the coxal cavities closed The tribe is 
composed of three genera, two of which are represented m Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OV ELAPHEINI. 

o. Elytra not striate, but with prominent impressions or pits; ey^roml- 
nehf tootb of mention large, emarginate. V. Elaphbls 

„, E, 1 ;:;:: 'striate, with «n tbe sti,e; eyes not pi— , 

tooth of nienturn short, bind at tip. 
V. Klapukph Fab. 1775. (Or., "light in moving;" i. e„ swift.) 

Bronzed and metallic beetles, similar in form but much smaller 
than these of the genus CicindeU. They may be found on sunny 
days running on sand bars and mud flats near streams and lakes 
and in elou.lv weather hiding under plants and rubbish. Head in 
our species, wider than thorax, the latter without marginal bristle- 
hearing puncture. Elytra with rows of large, shallow orbicular 
mpreslions. Eleven species are known from the United States 
five of which have been taken in Indiana. For synoptic tables of 
both this genus and the next, see : 

Cralrb. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1876, 246. 
Crotch... linll. Brook. Entom. Soc, I, 1878, 6-7. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELAPHEUS. 

„ Thorax sparsely punctate; front tars, of males with four joints uh 
lated. 

7). Elytra smooth, not punctured. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



4.9 



c. Under surface of thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate. 

35. CLAIRVILLEI. 

cc. Under surface of thorax finely and densely punctate ; legs piceous. 

36. LiEVTGATUS. 

J)h. Elytra punctate, at least on sides. 

d. Whole surface of elytra sparsely and coarsely punctate; length 

7-7.5 mm. 37. cicatricosus. 

dd. Raised portions of elytra between the impressions not punctate ; 
length 8-8.5 mm. 38. fuliginosus. 

aa. Thorax finely, evenly and densely punctate ; front tarsi of male with 
three joints dilated ; length 6 mm. 39. ruscarius. 

35 (150). Elaphrus CLAiRviLLEi Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837. 

Elongate-oblong. Obscurely bronzed, shining; elytra with a purplish 
tinge ; legs paler. Head sparsely punctate, vertex foveate, occiput deeply 
impressed. Thorax not wider than head, disk with a deep fovea each side, 
the base and apex sparsely punctured on the sides. Elytra with four rows 
of eye-like foveas Length 8.5 mm. 

One in Field Museum collection labelled "Ind." Probably 
from near South Bend. A member of the boreal fauna. 

36 (151). Eiaphrus l^evigatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, V, 1852, 200. 

Bronzed, shining, legs piceous. Elytra not punctured, the fovea 1 
purplish. Length 7-8 mm. 

Two specimens in Field Museum labelled "Ind." Ranges from 
Michigan to California. 

37 (153). Elaphrus cicatricosus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1S4S, 348. 

Elongate-oblong. Dull brassy above; bluish beneath; tibise and tarsi 
dull yellow. Thorax with a deep median impression and a small circular 
fovea each side; the punctures, as well as those of elytra, much more 
coarse and irregular in size than in ruscarius. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Mud flats, border of cypress swamp, Knox County ; frequent lo- 
cally. June 29-September 2. 

38 (155). Elaphrus fuliginosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 

417; ibid. II, 529. 
Brassy-black, tinged with green above, metallic green below ; tibia? 
and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax and sides of elytra sparingly punctate ; 
disk of latter in part smooth. Length 8-S.5 mm. 

A northern species taken sparingly along the beaeli of Lake 
Michigan near Fine, Lake County. May 20-June 29. 

39 (160). Elaphrus ruscarius Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 

IV, 1834, 417; ibid. II, 496, 530. 
Dull brassy above ; metallic green beneath ; impressions 
of elytra purplish ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax coarsely punc- 
tate beneath, the disk with a faint median impression. Length (After Le m.) 
6 mm. (Fig. 37.) 




tff FAMILY IT.— OARABIMJ. 

Common along streams and margins of ponds and lakes toongh- 
out the State April 3-December 25. One specimen from Putnam 
CounS was taken on the latter date, indicating that the spemes 
probably hibernates in the imago stage. 

VI. Blethisa Bon. 1813. (Gr., "to throw.") 
Resembling Elaphrus but much larger, with proportionallj ^nar- 
rower head and smaller eyes. Head and thorax parallel, the tor- 
* r with a deep groove each side; last joint of -J^ ( 
short They live during summer near ram pools or small bodies ot 
tter One of the four spates known from the United States has 
been taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE BLETHISA. 

, TUorax a— smooth above an, beneath except in 

press-ions.; length 15 mm. whl2ram 
aa. Thorax subcordate, flne.y and densely punctate beneath 

40 (164) Blethisa quaiiricollis Hald., Proc Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci.. Ill, 1847, 149. 
Blackish or coppery bronze above; black beneath. Thorax 
anadrate sides feebly curved, margins strongly reflexed, 
b ^ impressions sparsely punctate, hind angles obtuse y 
rounded. Elytra striate, punctured, each with about ten 
foveie arranged in three rows. Length 15 mm. (Fig. 38.) 

Represented in the collection by a single specimen, 
taken August 15 from beneath rubbish near a deep 
pool in the center of a tamarack marsh, one halt mile 
south of DeLong, Fulton County. Specimens from 
Lake and St. Joseph counties are in the Wolcott and 
Field Museum collections at Chicago. 

B ^punctata Linn, has been taken in Michigan and northern 
Illinois, and doubtless occurs in the northern third of Indiana. 

Tribe V. NEBRIINI. 
Species of small or medium size, mostly black in color ; antenna 
with four-basal joints glabrous; mandibles with bristle-bearing 
met ur on outer side; elytra margined at base. Presternum pro- 
Wed behind the cox*, the cavities open behind; tend com touch- 
| ng 1 52 genera represent the tribe in the United States, two of 
which occur in Indiana, 




Fig. 38. 
(After Leng.) 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



51 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NEBRIINI. 

a. Size small, not over 5 mm. ; front tibiae very obliquely truncate, the 
inner spur above the apex; vertex suleate. VII. Notiophili s. 

au. Size medium. S or more mm.; front tibiae not obliquely truncate, spurs 
terminal ; vertex not suleate. VIII. Nebria. 

VIII. Notiophilus Dum. 1806. (Gr., spring + loving.'') 

Small oblong black or bronzed beetles, having the head hori- 
zontal, triangular, striate, and as broad as or broader than the 
thorax ; eyes prominent ; elytra with sides almost parallel, but 
little broader than thorax. They occur beneath leaves along the 
margins of open woods and cultivated fields, and in early spring 
are frequent about the bases of trees and stumps and the sides of 
logs. Eleven species are known from the United States, three of 
which have been taken in Indiana. Our species belong to the group 
having the front 5-striate. 

The latest and best paper on the genus is that of : 
Fall, H. C. — "A Review of of the North American Species of 
Notiophilus" in Psyche. XIII, 1906. 79-92. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NOTIOPHILUS. 

a. Legs and antennae entirely pale reddish-brown-; bead much wider than 
thorax, the sides of the latter deeply sinuate behind the middle. 

41. JENEUS. 

(Ufa. Legs dark, or with the tibiae alone paler; antennae pale at base only. 
I). Elytra each with one apical annulate puncture ; second elytral in- 
terspace equal to two intervals in width ; size larger, form stouter. 

42. SEMISTRIATUS. 

hi). Elytra each with two apical annulate punctures; second elytral 
interspace broader, equal to three intervals in width ; size smaller, 
more slender. 43. novemstriatus. 

41 (173). Notiophilus ^eneus Hbst, Col., X, 1S06, 235. 
Metallic bronze, shining. Thorax coarsely punctured near 

base and apex, disk smooth ; hind angles acute, prominent. Punc- 
tures of elytral strise deep at base, becoming indistinct behind 
the middle; the second elytral interspace as in semistriatus. Fi s- 39 - 
Length 5 mm. (Fig. 39.) (AfterLeng.) 

Lake. Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. May 18-Jnne 18. 

42 (177). Notiophilus semistriatus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, [I, 

1823, 81 ; ibid. II, 407. 
Rather stout. Blackish or purplish-bronze, strongly shining; tibiae 
and four basal joints of antennae usually pale. Terminal joint of palpi 
dilated and truncate. Thorax coarsely punctate at sides, apex and base, 
the disk smooth ; sides strongly sinuate behind the middle. Elytral striae 




52 



FAMILY II. CAEABIM. 



entire, the inner ones faintly impressed at apex, punctures fine. Length. 
5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Putnam; Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. April 
23-October 4. This, according to Fall, is the form usually known 
as sibiricus, it having been wrongly placed under that name by Le- 
conte. 

43 ( -)• Notiophilus novemstriatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 

1848, 450. 

Shorter, more slender. Metallic bronze, shining ; tibiae and four basal 
joints of antennae pale. Thorax as in semistriatus, the sides less sinuate. 
Elytral alutaceous at tip, the striae entire, regularly and distinctly punc- 
tured. The second elytral interspace is wider than in either of our other 
species and, as a consequence, the lateral striae are more crowded. Length 
4 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. March 6-October 9. Prob- 
ably hibernates as imago. This is the semistriatus of Leconte, nec. 
Say. 

VIII. Nebria Latr., 1802. 

Species of medium size, having the antennae slender, two-thirds 
or more the length of body, joints cylindrical ; maxillae armed be- 
neath with bristles; scutellar striae of elytra always very distinct. 
About 24 species are known from the United States. Of these but 
one has been taken in Indiana, though two others may possibly oc- 
cur. These three species are black and have the elytra truncate at 
base, the humeri distinct, the third interval with four or five large 
dorsal punctures. For literature see : 

Horn. — -"Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of Nebria of the 
United States" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870, 97-104. 

Horn.— "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc, I, 1871, 
30. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEBEIA. 

a. Sides of elytra subparallel. 

J). Sides of thorax oblique, not sinuate near base ; legs black. 

SUTUKALIS. 

hl>. Sides of thorax sinuate near base ; legs brown or piceous, the tibiae 
paler. sahlbergi. 
aa. Sides of elytra rounded ; legs pale yellow. 44. pallipes. 

N. suturalis Lee., 10-11.5 mm., and N. sahlbergi Fisch., 10 mm. 
in length, belong to the boreal fauna and range from New Hamp- 
shire westward. They are likely to be found with other members 
of that fauna in the northern third of Indiana. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



53 



44 (204). Nebria pallipes Say. Trails. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, L823, Ts ; ibid. 
II, 494. 

Elongate-oval. Black, shining; legs and antenna? pale yellow. Thorax 
short, broad, much narrowed behind, margins rather wide, strongly re- 
r'exed; hind angles obtuse; disk smooth with a deep median impressed 
line. Elytra deeply striate, the striae finely punctured on the sides; inter- 
vals convex, the third with five larger punctures on the outer side. Length 
10-12 mm. 

Lawrence, Franklin and Vigo counties; scarce. April 15-July 
11. Occurs beneath stones and rubbish close to running water. 
Probably to be found sparingly throughout the State. 

Tribe VI. SCARITINI. 

Species variable in size, having the antennaj rising from under 
a frontal plate ; head with one or two bristle-bearing punctures 
above the eyes ; mandibles without a similar puncture on the outer 
side; labrum short, emarginate or sinuate. Body pedunculate, scu- 
tellum not visible. Elytra not, or rarely, slightly margined at 
base; prosternum not prolonged behind the coxa3; front coxal cavi- 
ties closed behind; hind coxae touching; legs stout, more or less 
adapted to digging. The tribe is composed of six genera, all of 
which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF SCARITINI. 

a. Species of large or medium size, 15 or more mm. in length; basal joint 
of antenna? long ; mentum broad, concealing at the sides the base 
of the inaxilke; one bristle-bearing puncture above the eye and one 
at hind angles of thorax. 
h. Form broad, size large ; hind angles of thorax distinct ; elytra with 
humeral carina. IX. Pasimachus. 

hh. Form narrow, size medium; hind angles of thorax wanting; elytra 
without humeral carina. X. Scarites. 

<i<i. Species of small size, less than 10 mm. in length: basal joint of an- 
tennae short ; base of maxillae not covered by the mentum ; two 
bristle-bearing punctures above each eye and two at hind angles of 
thorax. 

c. Margin of elytra entire; mandibles flat and curved. 
(1. Front tarsi slender in both sexes. 

e. Thorax globular or oval; terminal joint of male palpi dilated 

and excavated beneath. XI. Dyschirius. 

ee. Thorax more or less quadrate ; palpi similar in the sexes, not 
dilated or excavate in male. XI L Cliyixa. 

(Id. Front tarsi dilated in both sexes. 

f . Head not striate ; mentum feebly emarginate. 

XIII. JlSPIDOGLOSSA. 

ff. Head with numerous fine striae or longitudinal grooves; mentum 
deeply emarginate. XIV. Schizogenius. 



54 



FAMILY IT. CAKABIDJE. 



cc. Margin of elytra interrupted behind the middle and with a fold 
along: the suture: mandibles slender, prolonged, not curved; front 
tarsi dilated. XV. Aedistomis. 

IX. Pasimachus Bon. 1813. (Gr., " all + fight,") 
Large, broad species, having the color black, the thorax and 
elytra usually bordered with bine ; thorax broad, with distinct hind 
angles; elytra, rounded or subacute at apex; front tibiae palmate. 
They occur beneath stones, logs and rubbish in open woods and 
along the borders of cultivated fields, preferably in sandy places, 
and feed upon larva? of various kinds, especially those of the army 
worm. For this reason they are to be classed among the most bene- 
ficial of the Carabida\ Eleven species are known from the United 
States, four of which have been taken in Indiana. The principal 
papers treating of the genus are as follows : 

LeConte. — "Notes on the Species of Pasimachus" in Bull. Buf- 
falo Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 1874, 266. 
LeConic - "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, I, 1879, 
15. 






Fig. 40. 
(After LeConte. 



Fig. 41. 
(After LeConte.) 



Fig. 42. 
(After LeConte.) 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PASIMACHXS. 

a. Elytra obtusely rounded at apex, feebly striate; spine of middle tibia? 
compressed, obtuse at tip ; hind angles of thorax obtuse, not promi- 
nent. 45. SUBLETS. 
aa. Elytra subacute at apex, not striate; spine of middle tibia? slender, 
acute ; thorax more or less constricted at base, its hind angles promi- 
nent. 

T). Hind tibiae of male not densely pubescent on inner side; form 
broad ; elytra smooth. 46. depressus. 

hh. Hind tibia? of male densely pubescent on inner side near the tip. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



55 



c. Form elongate ; humeral carina long, curved outward in front ; 

elytra smooth; length 23-26 mm. 4.7. elonoatus. 

cc. Form broader ; humeral carina short ; elytra usually with pairs 
of punctures; length 28-30 mm. '48. punctulatus. 

45 (210). Pasimachu s subl^evis Bon., Obs. Ent., 1813, 46. 

Elongate-oblong. Black with blue margins. Thorax subquadrate. 
front angles prominent, sides feebly curved, suddenly converging at basal 
third. Elytra with sides parallel, convex ; disk with faint rows of small 
punctures. Length 21-28 mm. (Fig. 40.) 

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken from beneath 
a log on the sandy margin of the old canal north of Terre Haute, 
Vigo County. May 16. 

46 (214). Pasimachus depressus Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1792, 94. 

Black, usually with blue margin. Labrum broadly and feebly trilobed ; 
mandibles feebly or not at all striate. Hind tarsi long and slender. Fe- 
male dull, male shining. Length 24-30 mm. (Fig. 41.) 

Common singly or in pairs beneath stones and logs on the slopes 
of high hills near Wyandotte, Crawford County. May 17-June 26. 

47 (217). Pasimachus elongatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 

147. 

Black with blue margins. More elongate and less broad than the pre- 
ceding ; hind tibiae and tarsi less slender. Labrum broadly trilobed, the 
middle lobe the wider ; mandibles finely but distinctly striate. Length 
23-26 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce. May 16-August 26. 

48 (21S). Pasimachus punctulatus II a Id., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I. 

299. 

Allied to P. depressus, but differing by the hind tibiae and tarsi being 
less slender and less elongate, and by the hind tibiae of the male being 
densely pubescent on inner side near tip. Elytra usually with rows of 
punctures, approximate by pairs. Mandibles deeply and coarsely striate. 
Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 42.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 2-July 6. 

X. Scarites Fab. 1775. (NL., "a scratcher.") 

Narrow, oblong black beetles having the body very plainly pe- 
dunculate ; hind angles of thorax wanting; elytra parallel, rounded 
behind and without humeral carina'; front tibia? widened, flattened 
and toothed on outer side. 

Two species occur in our fauna, and are quite common about 
gardens and borders of cultivated fields beneath logs, stones and 
rubbish. They feed upon animal food alone and are very ben- 
eficial. 



56 



F A M I LT II. CABA-EID2E. 



40 *(220). Scarites subtebeaneus Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1785, 124. 

Black, shining. Head with two deeply indented parallel lines. Thorax 
subquadrate, sides nearly straight, finely margined, apex truncate, base 
angnlate. Elytra distinctly striate, the striae without punctures. Length 
15-20 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 1 -July 20. Hiber- 
nates as imago. 

50 (220a). Scarites substeiatus HaM., Froc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1844, 54. 

Differs from subterraneus only in size. I have seen no intermediate 
specimens, nor do I find record of any; hence I regard it as a distinct 
form. Length 25-30 mm. 

Common throughout the" State. April 1-July 7. 

XL Dyschtrius Bon. 1813. (Gr., " bad + hand.'.') 

Small black or bronzed, shining species, having a globular thorax 
and flat bowed mandibles. They live in burrows in wet sandy 
places, along streams and lakes and may be taken in the evening, 
when they run freely about, or at any time by pouring v^ater over 
their burrows, which causes them to emerge. About 40 species are 
known from the United States, eight of which have been taken in 
Indiana, while two or three others perhaps occur. The principal 
papers on this and the next three genera are as follows: 

Leconfe. — " Synopsis of the Species Clivina and Allied Genera 
Inhabiting the United States" in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci., 
1857, 75-83. 

teconte.— "Synoptic Tables" in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, II, 1879, 
17, 32, 34. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DYSCHIRIUS. 

a. Dorsal punctures of elytra, when present, on third interval only. 
1). Third interval of elytra with three punctures. 

c. Front without a visible transverse impression ; elytral striae reach- 
ing apex ; femora black. 51. nigripes. 
cc. Front with a deep transverse impression. 

(1. Striae extending to base of elytra, obliterated behind the middle. 
e. Thorax transversely ovate ; legs and antennae wholly reddish- 
brown. 52. GLOBULOSUS. 

ee. Thorax globular. 

f. Elytra] stria* deeper; tibiae find base of antennae reddish- 
in-own. - 58. LONGULIS. 

ff. Elytral striae feeble; legs and antennae black. ^neqltjs. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



57 



dd. Striae not extending to base of elytra ; tip of elytra rufous. 

g. Elytra! striae strongly punctate; thorax ovate, broader than 

loilg. 54. IIJEMOERHOIDALIS. 

gg. Elytral striae feebly punctate; thorax quadrate-globose. 

55. TERMINATUS. 

hh. Third interval of elytra with two punctures or none at all. 

h. Apical spur of front tibiae very short ; elytral striae coarsely punc- 
tured, absent on apical third ; thorax longer than wide. 

BEEVISPINUS. 

lift. Apical spur of front tibiae long. 

i. Elytral striae deep, entire ; clypeus bisinuate and with three 
teeth. 56. sphjericollis. 

it. Elytral striae partly abbreviated at base ; clypeus truncate. 
j. Thorax ovate, broader than long. trtjncatus. 
jj. Thorax oval, not wider than long. 57. erythrocerus. 

off. Elytra with third, fifth and seventh intervals each furnished with sin- 
gle rows of setae-bearing punctures ; thorax globose ; elytral striae 
coarsely punctured. 5S. hispious. 

51 (225). Dyschirius nigripes Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Spa, X, 1S53, 390. 

Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining; antennae piceous, the 
basal joint, tibiae and tarsi, dark reddish-brown. Clypeus bidentate. Thorax- 
globose with a very fine, median impressed line. Elytral striae fine, dis- 
tinctly punctured only on basal half. Length 3-3.2 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. May 5. A member of the boreal fauna, 

52 (232). Dyschirius globulosus Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 23 ; ibid. II, 452. 

Black or dark reddish-brown, strongly shining ; legs 
and antennae rufous. Thorax ovate, broader than long, 
disk with a median impressed line. Elytral striae ex- 
tending to base, distinct, coarsely punctate; wholly ab- 
sent on apical third. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 43.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; much more so 
northward. March 5-August 24. Often taken 
from beneath the loose bark of logs in low ground 

° ° Fie. 43. (Original.) 

WOOds. X 13. 

53 (231). Dyschirius longulus Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 204. 

Allied to the preceding but a little smaller and having the antennae 
fuscous at apex. Thorax subglobose (the length equal to the breadth) and 
not narrowed in front. Elytra more elongate, with deeper striae, the punc- 
tures of which are absent on apical half. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 17-October 1. 

D. ceneolus Lee, black, shining, and 3.8 mm. in length, is also -a 
member of the boreal fauna and very likely occurs in the northern 
third of the State. 




58 FAMILY IT. CAEABIDJ5, 

54 (233). Dyschirivs h^mobbhoidaus Dej., Spec. V, 1830, 511. 

Blackish-bronzed, strongly shining; antennae, legs and tips of elytra 
pale reddish-brown. Thorax ovate, transverse. Elytral striae coarsely and 
deeply punctate, abbreviated at base and obsolete on apical third. Length 
2.S-3.3 mm. 

Starke, Lawrence and Fayette counties; frequent. May 11- 
August 23. 

55 (234). Dyschibius terminatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 

212. 

Elongate, slender. Black, slightly bronzed, strongly shining; antennae, 
legs, abdomen and apical third of elytra obscure reddish. Thorax as broad 
as long, ' strongly convex, without a longitudinal impressed line. Elytral 
stria? indistinct at base and wholly wanting on apical third, their punctures 
indistinct; the dorsal punctures- of third interval located one on basal 
third, one near the middle and one slightly behind the middle. Length 
3.2 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath rubbish 
in cornfield near river bank. 

D. hrevispmus Lee, black, shining, 3.4 mm. in length, occurs in 
Michigan and Ohio and doubtless in Indiana, 

56 (237). Dyschibius sphjericoulis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 

1823, 23 ; ibid. II. 452. 
Black^bronzed ; antennae and legs dark red. Thorax ovate, not broader 
than long; disk with a median impressed line. Elytra deeply striate, the 
striae entire, punctures indistinct on apical half. Length 5.5 mm. 

Fayette and Posey counties ; rare ; also two in Webster collec- 
tion. July 4-August 23. Our largest species. 

D. I nut cuius Lee, blackish-bronzed, 5.5 mm. in length, occurs in 
Illinois and Missouri and probably in western Indiana. 

57 (240). Dyschibius ebythbocebus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1857, 78. 

Elongate. Blackish-bronzed, shining ; legs and antennae reddish-brown. 
Front of head with a transverse impression between the eyes. Thorax 
subovate, slightly longer than broad, with a fine, median impressed line. 
Elytral striae slightly abbreviated at base and absent on apical third, 
coarsely punctured ; dorsal punctures of third interval located one in front 
of middle, the other, very fine, on apical third. Length 4-5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 4. 

58 (254). Dyschirius hispidus Lee, New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1SG3. 4. 

Blackish-bronzed, strongly shining ; antennae yellowish ; legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax globose, as broad as long. Clypeus emarginate, two- 
toothed. Elytral striae impressed and coarsely punctate except on apical 



THE GEO UN I) BEETLES. 



50 



third; the punctures of the third, fourth and seventh intervals fine but 
distinct, each bearing a long hair readily visible under a lens when viewed 
from the side. Length 3 mm. 

Posey and Clark counties; rare. April 18- May 6. Taken from 
beneath boards on the banks of the "Wabash and Ohio rivers. 

XII. Cliyina Lat. 1802. (A proper name.) 

Small black or reddish brown species closely allied to Dyschirius 
but having the thorax more or less quadrate, the sides either strong- 
ly oblique or rounded near base ; the disk with a median impressed 
line. Palpi similar in both sexes, not dilated nor excavated in the 
male. They occur in damp places, along streams and lakes, and 
may be captured by throwing water on their burrows and then 
picking them up as they emerge. Some of the species, as probably 
some o£the Dyschirius, hibernate in the perfect stage. Twenty- 
two species are known from the United States. Of these seven 
have been taken in Indiana, while three others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLIVINA. 

a. Middle tibia? with a spur near the outer tip ; clypeus with a lobe each 
side ; dorsal punctures of elytra three or more. 
b. Front femora dentate near -the tip; color black. 59. dentipes. 
1)1). Front femora thickened, not dentate ; color reddish-brown or piceous. 
c. Vertex sulcate. 
d. Vertical groove deep and long ; head sparsely punctate behind 
the eyes ; larger, 6-6.5, mm. 60. impressifrons. 

eld. Vertical groove shorter, more shallow ; head and thorax punc- 
tured; smaller, 5-5.5 mm. 61. punctigera. 
cc. Vertex not sulcate; head and thorax smooth; basal angle of 
thorax dentate. . 62. rubicund a. 
a a. Middle tibias without a spur on the outside of tip. 

e. Clypeus with a lobe each side; front of head with a pit; front 
femora beneath deeply sinuate near the tip ; dorsal punctures 
three or more, 
f. Color in part or wholly brownish-red. 
g. Elytra entirely light brownish-red. 63. rufa. 

gg. Elytra brownish-red with a broad black suture. collaris. 
ff. Color black; legs dark reddish-brown, antennae paler. 

64. AMERICANA. 

ee. Clypeus rounded at sides; front femora thickened, not sinuate be- 
neath ; dorsal punctures two or none. 
7h Vertex sulcate ; thorax elongate ; color reddish-brown. ferrea. 
hh. Vertex not or faintly sulcate; thorax subquadrate; black, elytra 
with reddish spots. 
i. Thorax nearly smooth. 65. bipustulata. 

%%. Thorax punctate. postica. 



60 



FAMILY II. CAEAB.ID/E. 




Fig. 44. 
(After Leng.) 




Fig. 45. 



59 (258). Clivina dextipek Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 415. 
Elongate, slender. Black, shining; legs piceous; antennae and 

tarsi reddish-brown. Elytral strise distinct, finely punctured. 
Length 7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 44.) 

a * Throughout the State: frequent. April 6-Octo- 

ber 9. 

60 (259). Clivina impressifrons Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., II, 1844, 50. 

Readily known by its uniform reddish-brown hue and the deep groove 
of vertex. Elytral stride distinct, finely punctured. Length 6-6.5 mm. 
(Fig. 45.) 

Frequent throughout the State, beneath stones 
along the sandy margins of streams and lakes, and. in 
low, damp cultivated fields? April 1 -August 30. Said 
to do much damage to sprouting corn grains. 

61 (263). Clivina punctigera Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., 1857, 81. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown; elytra 
piceous, the antennae and legs a little paler. Vertical groove 
evident but shallow, with numerous fine punctures near its front 
end and coarser ones on sides. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral 
striae deep, the" punctures fine; the third stria with four dorsal punctures. 
Lmgth 5-5.5 mm. 

Dubois County; rare. May 11. Resembles impressifrons but 
smaller, with shorter and more shallow- vertical groove and with 
the outer front angles of the clypeus less advanced. A southern 
form described from South Carolina, 

62 *(264). Clivina rubicunda. Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1S57, SI. 

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax, antennre and legs reddish-brown; 
elytra darker. Head smooth, vertex foveate. Thorax with one or two 
dull teeth on each basal angle. Length 4.8-5.2 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 10-May 7. Oc- 
curs beneath logs and chunks some distance from water. Hiber- 
nates as imago. A handsome little species, also of southern range. 

63 (266). Clivina rufa Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1S57, 81. 

Lnif'orm light brownish-red. Elytral strise entire, finely punctate. 
Length 5 mm. 

Floyd County; scarce. September 29-October 9. 

C. coll aris Herbst, an introduced European species, 5.2 mm. in 
length, has been taken near Cincinnati and probably occurs in 
sou the r n Indiana. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



61 



04 (209). Clivina Americana Dej., Spec, V, 1830, 503. 

Elongate, slender. Black; legs and very narrow outer margin of 
thorax and elytra dirk reddish-brown; antennae paler. Elytral stria 1 en- 
tire, finely punctulate. Length 5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 1-July 23. 
C. ferrea Lec, 5.2 mm. in length, has been taken in Illinois and 
perhaps occurs in western Indiana. 

05 (275). Clivina bipustulata Fab., Syst. El., I, 1801, 125. 

Black, usually with two large, obscure red spots at base of elytra 
and two near the apex ; legs and antenna? reddish-brown. Elytral striae 
deeply punctate. Length G-7.5 mm. 

Frequent in the southern half of the State ; taken in the north 
only in Lake County. April 4-July 1. 

C. postica Lec, a southern species, 5.2 mm. in length and hav- 
ing the front tibia? armed with two teeth, has been taken near Cin- 
cinnati and probably occurs in the southern third of Indiana. 

XIII. Aspidoglossa Putz. 1846. (Gr., "a shield + tongue.") 

Represented in the United States by a single, small, black spe- 
cies having the mentum feebly emarginate ; thorax subglobose ; 
head without fine grooves ; front tarsi dilated in both sexes. 

60 (280). Aspidoglossa subangulata Chaud., Bull. Mo-sc, 
IV, 1843, 738. 

Black, strongly shining; antennae and legs reddish-brown; 
elytra with a reddish spot on apical fourth. Thorax short, 
subglubose, apex truncate ; disk smooth without median line. 
Elytra deeply striate, the stride coarsely punctate ; second 
interval with seven or eight, the fourth with five or six, 
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 40.) 

Southern third of State ; frequent. April 8-Sep- 
tember 19. Occurs beneath the bark of logs in low, Fig. 46. 
moist woods; also beneath stones and rubbish near 
water. Resembles closely Clivina bipustulata and doubtless con- 
fused with that species in many collections. Readily distinguished 
by the shorter, more globose thorax and the numerous dorsal punc- 
tures of second and fourth intervals. A member of the Austrori- 
parian fauna. 

XIV. Schizogenitjs Putz. 1846. (Gr., "cleft + chin.") 

Small blackish or reddish brown beetles allied to Clivina, bu1 
having the mentum deeply emarginate: head with numerous fine,. 




62 



FA M ELY II .- — CARABTD^E. 



lengthwise grooves ; thorax subquadrate, apex truncate, sides • 
straight to near base, then strongly oblique or rounded; disk 
smooth, with an entire median and two shorter impressed lines; 
front tarsi more or less dilated in both sexes. Like the members of 
the three preceding genera, they live mostly in damp sandy places. 
Three of the eight species known from the United States have been 
taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCHIZOGENIUS. 

(/. Color blackish ; elytra somewhat depressed, stria? deep, finely and close- 
ly punctate. 67. lineolatus. 
(/(/. Color reddish-brown. 

h. Elytra cylindrical, strhe indistinctly punctured. OS. ferbugineus. 
bl). Elytra strongly depressed; hind angles of thorax prominent before 
the base. 69. amphibius. 

67 (283). Schizogenius lineolatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
22 ; ibid. II, 451. 

Uniform blackish or piceous above ; dark reddish-brown beneath ; an- 
tenna? and legs somewhat paler. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Vigo and Franklin counties ; rare. April 1-June 11. 

GS (285). Schizogenius ferbugineus Putz., Mon., 1846, 653. 

Color- uniform pale reddish-brown; elytral stria? deep, punctures feeble. 
Length 3 mm. 

Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, and Pine, Lake County ; 
frequent locally. April 29-July 23. 

69 (286). Schizogenius amphibius II aid., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. I. 
1842, 299. 

Dark reddish-brown ; elytra darker than the other parts. Hind angles 
of thorax represented by a distinct tooth or cusp before the base. Length 
3-3.5 mm. 

Fountain, Clay and Owen counties ; rare. June 15-August 13. 
Known from New York and Missouri. 

XV. Ardistomis Putz. 1846. (Or., " high + mouth.") 
Small black or greenish shining beetles having the thorax round- 
ed, considerably narrower than elytra; mandibles slender, pro- 
longed, not curved. They occur in low moist woods, beneath bark, 
stones and rubbish. Five are known from the United States, two 
of which have been taken in Indiana. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



63 



TO (292). Aedistomis viridis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 
II. 1823. 21 ; ibid. II, 451. 
Greenish-black, shining ; mandibles, antennae and legs red- 
dish-brown. Thorax with a median impressed line, smooth 
except along the margins. Elytra not striate, each with three 
or four rows of rather fine, scarcely impressed punctures, each 
puncture bearing a short, erect hair, the hairs plainly visible 
only from the side. Length 5 mm. (Fig. 47.) 

Lake, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. May 16-August 

15. 

71 (293). Ardistomis puncticollis Putz.. Mon. 1846. 129. 

Resembles viridis. but more slender and with the disk of thorax sparse- 
ly and coarsely punctured, each puncture bearing a bristle-like hair. Punc- 
tures of elytra coarser and more numerous. Length 5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. Hibernates as imago. Feb- 
ruary 23- June 23. 

Subfamily II. HARPALINAE. 

The members' of this subfamily have the epimera of the meso- 
sternum variable in width but not reaching the coxa, the middle 
coxal cavities therefore enclosed on the outer side by the junction 
of the meso- and metasterna ; head marked with one or two bristle- 
bearing punctures over each eye; thorax with a similar puncture 
at the side and another at the hind angle, very rarely without the 
latter and still more rarely without either; front tibia? always 
either obliquely sinuate or deeply emarginate within, the inner spur 
remote from apex. 

For convenience the subfamily was divided by Horn into two 
great groups or sections as follows: 

KEY TO SECTIONS OF HARPALIX.E. 

a. Head with two punctures above the eye. each bearing a single hristly 
hair. Section I. Harpaliisle bisetos.e. p. G4. 

Head with but one bristle-bearing puncture above the eye. 

Section II. Harpalin.e vxisetos.e. p. 156. 

When two punctures occur, the front one is close to the margin 
of the eye in front, and the hind one a little remote from the eye, 
opposite its hind margin. Where there is but one bristle-bearing 
puncture it is a little removed from the margin of the eye, and is 
situated opposite the middle of the eye or a little behind that point, 

[5—23402] 




64 



FAMILY II. CAKABID^E. 



The internal elytral fold mentioned in the key can only be seen 
by lifting one of the elytra. Its purpose is to afford a means of 
support to the edge of the abdomen, and at the point of origin of 
the fold behind, the last ventral segment is held firmly when the 
insect is in repose. 

Section I. HARPALINJE BISETOSM. 

This section is divided by Horn into 24 tribes, of which 12 are 
known to be represented in Indiana, while members of two others 
probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF^HARPALIN,E BISETOSiE. 

(/. Mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture in the groove (scrobe) on 
the outer side. 

1). Antenme slender, with at most two basal joints glabrous ; abdominal 
segments entirely corneous or horn-like. 
c. Last joint of palpi awl-shaped ; mesosternal epimera wide ; length 
less than 8 mm. Tribe IV. Bembidiini, p. 67. 

cc. Last joint of palpi slender, elongate or subcylindrical ; mesoster- 
nal epimera narrow. Tribe V. Pogonini, p. 86. 
hi). Antennas moniliform or bead-like, four bn sab joints glabrous; ab- 
dominal segments 3, 4 and 5 narrowly coriaceous or leather-like 
on their hind margins. Tribe II. Nomiini, p. 66. 
aa. Mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the scrobe. 

(?. Margin of elytra interrupted at posterior third and with a distinct 
internal fold. 

e. Four basal joints of antenme glabrous ; body slightly pedunculate ; 
antennae moniliform ; front tibiae dilated ; length 12-16 mm. 

Tribe III. Morionini, p. 66. 
ee. Three (or fewer) basal joints of antenme glabrous. 

f. Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a semi-globu- 
lar neck ; last joint of maxillary palpi arising obliquely from 
the preceding joint. Tribe I. Panag.eini, p. 65. 

//. Head not constricted behind the eyes; last joint of maxillary 
palpi arising normally from the end of the preceding joint. 

Tribe VI. Pterosticrtni, p. 88. 
dd. Margin of elytra not interrupted posteriorly and without an internal 
fold. 

g. Front of head short ; labrum impressed. 

Tribe VII. Licinini, p. 112. 

gg. Front of head normal. 

h. Next to Inst joint of labial palpi with but two bristly hairs. 
i. Head elongate, prolonged behind the eyes; neck constricted 
and dilated behind into a semiglobular knob. 
j. Elytra entire. Tribe X. Ctenod a ctylini, p. 137. 

■)}. Elytra truncate; three basal joints of antenme glabrous. 

Tribe XL Odacanthini, p. 138, 



TTTE G ROUND T5KETLES. 



H. Head not prolonged behind the eyes ; neck not semi-globose. 
k. Elytra rounded at tip ; tarsal claws simple. 

Tribe IX. Anchonodeiujni, p. L37. 
kk. Elytra not rounded at tip. 

J. Elytra obliquely sinuate at apex. 

Tribe VIII. Platynini, p. 119. 

11. Elytra truncate at tip. 
m. Front tibiae slender ; paraglossa? membranous. 

Tribe XIII. Lebiini, p. 141. 
mm. Front tibiae rather stout, gradually broader to tip ; para- 
glossae horn-like. Tribe XIV. Helluonini, p. 155. 
Jih. Next to last joint of labial palpi with a number of bristly hairs 
in front and always longer than the terminal joint; eyes nor- 
mal; first antennal joint elongate. 

Tribe XII. Dryptini, p. 139. 

Tribe I. PANAGiEINI. 

Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a seraiglobular 
neck; mentum emarginate; labrnm with only four setae; anten- 
nae rising from under a distinct frontal ridge, three basal joints 
glabrous. Body not pedunculate, scutellum distinct. Elytra not 
margined at base, their sides narrowly inflexed. Hind coxae con- 
tiguous. Males with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated 
and hairy beneath. 

The tribe is represented in Indiana by the single genus : 

XVI. Panag^us Latr. 1802. (Gr., " all-holy.") 

Medium sized black or reddish-brown beetles having the clyp- 
eus prolonged beyond the base of the scissors-like mandibles; up- 
per surface coarsely punctured, and clothed with erect hairs; 
thorax semi-globose, strongly constricted near base, its hind angles 
rectangular. They occur beneath stones and logs, usually in sandy 
localities. Three species are known from the United States, two of 
which occur in Indiana. 

72 (295). Panag^us crucigerus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
69 ; ibid. II, 489. 

Head and thorax black ; elytra each with two large red spots extend- 
ing from the margin to the first or second striae Thorax with numerous 
coarse, deep punctures, its hind angles small, acute ; elytral stria? and punc- 
tures deep. Length 11 mm. 

Two in Stein collection labeled ' ' Ind. ' ' ; probably from Posey 
County. One in Dury collection from Laporte County, Indiana. 
Taken also by Dury near Cincinnati. 



66 FAMILY II. CARABTDJE. . 

*73 (296). Panag.eus fasciatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc, II, 182^, 70: ibid. II, 490. 
Head and thorax reddish-brown. ; elytra reddish-brown 
with a black cross-band behind the middle and another at 
tips ; legs and abdomen piceous. Thorax and elytra punc- 
tured as in the preceding. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 48.) 

Throughout the State; scarce. January 14-Octo- 
(AfterLeng.) ^er 10. Sometimes found crawling along woodland 
paths ; hibernates as imago. 




Tribe II. NOMIINI. 

Antennas arising from beneath a distinct frontal ridge, the 
third joint nearly as long as the two following. Head stout, oval, 
neck broad ; labrum short, broadly emarginate ; mandibles curved, 
with a feeble tooth on inner edge at middle and a bristle-bearing 
puncture in the outer groove. Body pedunculate, scutellum in- 
visible. Elytra slightly margined at base. Hind coxa- contiguous ; 
tarsi not dilated. 

The tribe is represented in southern Europe and the United 
States by a single species, Nomius pygmmus Dej., an elongate-ob- 
long, chestnut brown or piceous beetle, 7 mm. in length, having the 
apex of thorax nearly twice the width of base and the elytra feebly 
striate-punctate. "While its range is given as "New Jersey, Canada 
and Lake Superior, southward and westward to California," no 
verified specimen has been seen from Indiana, though one was in 
the Stein collection without locality label. It is said to occur under 
stones in moist places and to exude a very ill-smelling liquid when 
disturbed. 

Tribe III. MORIONINT. 

Head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes, neck stout ; mentum 
deeply emarginate, last joint of palpi cylindrical. Elytra feebly 
margined at base, the disk with a single dorsal puncture on the 
apical third of third interval. Hind coxa? contiguous ; front tibia? 
triangular, not spinose at the outer apical angle: first three joints 
of front tarsi slightly dilated in the male. 

The tribe is represented in the Southern States by a single spe- 
cies, Morio monilicornis Latr., elongate, shining black, 12-16 mm. 
in length, the thorax with deep basal impressions. It lives beneath 
bark, has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati, and very probably 
occurs in the southern third of Indiana. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



67 



Tribe IV. BEMBIDIIN1. 

Beetles of small size, black, reddish-brown or bronzed in hue, 
having- the antenna? slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal 
margin, the first or the first two joints glabrous ; mandibles feebly 
curved, acute at tip ; last joint of palpi awl-shaped, the next to last 
club-shaped and with two set.e. Thorax with a bristle-bearing 
puncture at the side and another at hind angle; prosternum not 
prolonged. Elytra with sides narrowly innexecl, margin inter- 
rupted behind the middle, the disk with dorsal punctures ; surface 
in our genera glabrous. 

The tribe is represented in the United States by four genera, 
three of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BEMBIDIINI. 

a. Front tibiae not obliquely truncate at apex; sutural stride of elytra not 
recurved at apex ; scutellar strine present. 
1). Eyes large or moderate. XVII. Bembidium. 

bl). Eyes entirely wanting. XVIII. Anillus. 

aa. Front tibiae obliquely truncate at apex; sutural striae recurved at apex; 
scutellar striae absent. XIX. Tachys. 

XVII. Bembidium Latr. 1832. (Gr.. "a buzzing insect + little.") 

A large genus of small black, greenish, or bronzed beetles, hav- 
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Elytra glabrous, 
striate; front tibia? deeply emarginate, apical angle not obliquely 
truncate ; hind coxae touching. Males with the first two joints of 
front tarsi dilated, the first joint being slightly elongate and nearly 
quadrate, the second more or less triangular, with the inner angle 
usually slightly prolonged. 

The Bembiclids occur for the most part along the banks of 
streams, ponds and lakes, especially on mud flats and bars. A few 
are found in moss and amongst old leaves about the trunks of 
trees and stumps or beneath the bark of logs. Several, perhaps 
most, of the species hibernate as imagoes. 

The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows : 

Leconte— "Catalogue of the Species of Bembidium found in 
the United States" in Proc. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sei.. 1857, 2. 

Hay ward, Roland.— 'On the Species of Bembidium of America 
North of Mexico" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXIY, 1897 
32-143. 

Wayward, Roland. — ' 1 Synonymical Notes on Bembidium and 
Descriptions of New Species" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 
XXVII, 1901. 156-158. 



68 FAMILY TT. — CABABiPiE. 

About 130 species of Bembidium are known from the United 
States. Of these 27 have been taken in Indiana, while eleven others 
perhaps occur. On account of this large number of species the 
genus has, for convenience, been divided into three groups based 
upon the position of the dorsal punctures and the form of the hu- 
meri of the elytra. The dorsal punctures are located either upon 
the third interval or the third stria. In two of the species, how- 
ever, viz., Icevigatum and semi striatum, there are irregular rows of 
small punctures upon all of the intervals. These are placed in 
their proper sequence in the group having the "dorsal punctures on 
third interval." The form of the humeri, whether rounded into 
the sides of the elytra or subangulate with the latter, is also used 
as a character of importance. The tables which follow have been 
adapted from those given by Hayward, loc. cit., to fit the species 
occurring in the State. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BEMBIDIUM. 

a. Elytra with two or more dorsal punctures on the third interval. 
' b. Humeri of elytra subangulate; eighth stria distinct from the margin. 

Group A. 

bb. Humeri of elytra rounded. Group C. 

aa. Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third stria. Group B. 

Group A. 

In this group the first puncture usually occurs on the third in- 
terval just in front of or just behind the middle, the second one- 
third to one-fourth from apex. The humeri are more or less an- 
gulate where they meet the sides of the elytra. It includes the In- 
diana species of Groups I to IV of Hayward. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Elytral striae more or less abbreviated or indistinct behind the middle ; 
mentum with a short, bifid tooth. 
b Elytral intervals with irregular rows of sparsely placed, setse-bearing 
punctures ; color green or bronzed. 74. icevigatum. 

bb Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third interval; color black, 

, . . 75. NITIDUM. 

very shmmg. 

Elytral striae entire ; mentum with a large entire tooth. 
c. Elytra with two quadrate impressions on the third interval, each en- 
closing a dorsal puncture. 
d. Elytra with the fourth stria sinuate. 

e Slender, elongate, convex ; thorax as long as wide, not wider at 
base than apex. ™. injsquale. 

ee Broader, less convex ; thorax distinctly wider than long, slightly 
wider at base than apex. littorale. 



a a. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



69 



<1d. Elytra with the fourth stria straight. 

/. Broad, slightly depressed ; thorax nearly twice as wide as long, 
not wider at base than apex. 77. carinula. 

ff. Robust; thorax about one-half wider than long, wider at base 
than apex. 78. punctatostkiatum. 

cc. Elytra without quadrate impressions ; two dorsal punctures on the 
third interval. 

g. Thorax wider at base than apex, nearly twice as wide as long; 
color bronzed, shining. eobusticolle. 
gg. Thorax not wider at base than apex. 

h. Feebly convex ; elytral stride deeply punctate, the punctures not 
greenish ; legs bronzed piceous. 79. coxendix. 

hh. More robust ; elytra less deeply striate, punctures greenish ; legs 
pale brownish-yellow. 80. confusum. 

74 (421). Bembidium l^evigatum Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

84 ; ibid. II, 499, 550. 
Robust, convex. Green or bronzed, shining; antennae fuscous, the basal 
joints and legs dull yellow, the femora darker ; under surface nearly black. 
Thorax subquadrate, more than one-half wider than long, sides broadly 
curved from apex to behind middle, thence sinuate to base, margins re- 
flexed; hind angles rectangular and carinate ; disk smooth, the basal im- 
pressions broad and deep. Elytra less than one-half wider than thorax, 
the striae coarsely punctured but not impressed. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Southern half of the State; frequent in sandy localities. April 
15-July 28. 

75 (313). Bembidium nitidum Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 55. 

Robust, slightly convex. Black or blackish-bronzed, strongly shining. 
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, distinctly wider at 
base than apex ; basal impressions broad, bistriate ; hind angles rectan- 
gular, finely carinate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate- 
punctate; the first, and sometimes the second striae entire, the others ab- 
breviated behind; intervals flat. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Taken in small numbers by Wolcott near Indiana Harbor, Lake 
County. April 23 -May 13. A member of the boreal fauna. 

70 (308). Bembidium in.equale Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 

Nat. Sci., Ill, 1823, 151 ; ibid. II, 97, 549. 

Bronzed, shining; antennae piceous, the basal joint pale 
red; legs blackish-green, femora at base and tibiae more or 
less dull yellow. Thorax with sides curved from apex to 
behind middle, sinuate in front of hind angles, which are 
subacute, not carinate; disk finely alutaceous, median line 
deep, basal impressions small, deep. Elytra more than one- 
half wider than thorax, alutaceous, deeply striate, the striae 
punctured; intervals convex, the third to sixth more or 
less sinuate or irregular. Length 4.7-5.5 mm. (Fig. 49.) Fig< 49< (Original.) 

Southern half of Slate ; frequent, April 12-Oct. 17. x 5 - 
B, Hit ovale Oliv., coppery or greenish bronze in hue and 5-6.5 




70 



FAMILY IT. CAEABIDiE. 



mm. in length, occurs in Canada and Michigan and probably in 
northern Indiana. 

77 (305). Bembidium carinula Ohaud., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XX, 1868, 239. 

Broad, slightly depressed. Coppery bronze to black; antennae and 
femora bronzed-piceous, the tibiae and tarsi often paler. Thorax with the 
sides curved in front, deeply sinuate behind; hind angles subacute, cari- 
nate- disk alutaceous, finely wrinkled near base and along the median 
line-' basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate. Elytra one-half wider than 
thorax, alutaceous. finely striate, the striae finely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

A handsome bronzed form, common along the beach of Lake 
Michigan and the larger lakes of northern Indiana ; also in Craw- 
ford County, May 13-October 21. 

78 (304). Bembidium functatostmatum Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc. II, 

1823, 83 ; ibid. II, 498, 550. 

Robust, moderately convex. Bronzed, more or less coppery; antennae 
and legs bronzed-piceous, the femora at base and the tibiae beneath often 
reddish-yellow. Thorax with sides slightly curved in front, sinuate behind ; 
hind angles prominent, acute, not carinate; disk slightly rugose at base 
and along the median line, the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytra! 
striae deep and very distinctly punctate. Length 6.2-7.5 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 17. The largest species of the 
group. 

B. robusticolle Hayw, 5.7-6.2 mm. in length, is known from 
Michigan, Iowa and Kansas, and doubtless occurs in northern In- 
diana. 

79 (311). Bembidium coxendix Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 

1823, 151 ; ibid. II, 97. 

Slightly elongate, rather slender. Greenish-bronze or bluish-black, 
shining; antennae, femora and tarsi bronzed-piceous; tibiae, base of femora 
and two basal joints of antennae reddish-brown. Thorax one-halt wider 
than long, sides moderately curved in front, sinuate behind; hmd ang es 
slightly prominent, subacute, very finely carinate; disk minutely alu- 
taceous. the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytra one-third wider 
than thorax, deeply striate-punctate. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 19-September 7. Occurs 
along moist sand bars of streams. One of the most handsome mem- 
bers of the genus. 

80 (311a). Bembidium confusum Hayw., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXIV. 

1897, 52. 

Moderately robust, convex. Bronzed, usually coppery, shining; disk 
of elytra dull brownish-yellow; legs and basal third of antennae pale yel- 
low Thorax less than one half wider than long, sides curved nearly to 
base- hind angles not prominent, subrectangular, feebly carinate; disk 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



71 



alutaceous, finely rugose at base, the basal impressions broad, deep, bistri- 
ate. Elytra about one-half wider than thorax, the intervals less convex 
than in coxendix. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent ; more so in the northern coun- 
ties. May 1 -September 4. Listed as B. nitidulum Dej., which 
name was preoccupied. Resembles coxendix, but easily separated 
by the pale legs and green punctures of elytra. 

Group B. 

In this group the dorsal punctures are on the third stria instead 
of the interval and the humeri are either rounded or subangulate. 
It includes the Indiana species of Groups Y to X of Hayward. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Eighth stria of the elytra moderately near but distinct from the margin. 
h. Humeri of elytra subangulate; elytra 1 striae entire. 

c. Elytra with the dorsal punctures large, round impressions ; elytra 
finely striate, shining. 81. americanum. 

cc. Elytra with the dorsal punctures normal. 

d. Form broad, dilated, depressed; hind angles of thorax obtuse; 
size larger, 0.5-7.2 mm. dilatatum. 
dd. Form more or less convex and more slender ; hind angles of 
thorax subrectangular ; size smaller, 5.5-6.5 mm. 
c. Feebly convex ; thorax scarcely narrower at base than apex ; 

elytral striae moderately impressed. 82. honestum. 

ee. More convex ; thorax more narrowed behind ; elytral striae 
more deeply impressed, almost crenulately punctate. 

83. chalceum. 

bh. Humeri of elytra rounded; robust, very convex; elytral striae di- 
lated, the first and second entire, the others abbreviated behind ; 
blackish-bronzed, the elytra often tinged with green. S4. nigrum. 
da. Eighth stria of elytra indistinct from margin; humeri rounded. 

f. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely convex, the basal fovea with either one 
stria or with two and the outer one very feeble ; legs rufous or 
dull yellow, the femora rarely darker. 
g. Basal impressions of thorax with the outer stria small but dis- 
tinct ; size smaller. 4.8-6.2 mm. 
/?. Elytra with five inner striae only entire; thorax one-half wider 
than long. 85. guexi. 

lih. Elytra with six inner striae entire; thorax more than one-half 
wider than long; the elytra less wide as compared with the 
thorax ; color nearly black, tinged with bronze. fugax. 
gg. Basal impressions of the thorax with the outer stria obsolete : 
elytra with six inner striae entire, their color variable, usually 
dull yellow with darker transverse bands ; size larger. 6-S.5 mm. 

TRANS VERS ALE. 



72 



FAMILY IT. CAKABIM. 



ft. Thorax cordate, convex, the basal fovea with two striae. 

Elytra greenish-black, each with a well defined basal and another 
subapical spot pale ; legs dull reddish-yellow ; thorax distinctly 
narrower at base than apex. ustulatum. 
ii. Elytra either without spots or with a single pale submarginal one 
near apex. 

j. Head small, narrower than thorax at apex ; elytra with all the 
strise entire, dilated on the disk and much finer at sides and 
tip ; brownish-bronzed with a large oblique, submarginal, pale 
spot one-third from apex. postkemum. 

jj. Head as wide as the thorax at apex ; elytra with only the first 
and second stria; entire, the others abbreviated on apical half. 

86. picipes. 

81 (317). Bembidium ameeicanum Dej., Spec, V, 1831, 84. 

Rather broad, subdepressed. -Uniform blackish-bronzed, more or less 
shining. Antennae one-half the length of body, piceous, the first and second 
joints and the tibiae dark reddish-brown. Thorax more than one-half wider 
than long; apex nearly truncate, slightly broader than base; hind angles 
subrectangular ; disk finely rugose at base, median line distinct, basal im- 
pressions shallow. Elytra finely alutaceous, about one-half wider than 
thorax, finely striate, the striae distinctly punctate to behind the middle. 
Length 5-G mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, June 7-September 17. 

B. dilataium Lec. ? having the sides of thorax strongly curved in 
front and the legs dark reddish-brwn, is known from Pennsylvania 
and Oklahoma and should occur in Indiana. 

82 (319). Bembidium honestum Say, Trans. Araer, Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

82 ; ibid. II, 498-550. 
Rather elongate, subdepressed. Bronzed, more or less coppery, rarely 
bluish or greenish, shining; antennae and legs piceous. Thorax less than 
one-half wider than long, apex emarginate ; sides slightly curved in front, 
feebly sinuate behind; disk rugose at base, median line deep, abbreviated 
before and behind. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, deeply striate- 
punctate, the punctures almost obsolete at tip. Length 5.7-6.7 mm. 

Lake, Franklin, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 
23-December 7. Listed as B. antiquum Dej., but Say's name has 
priority. 

83 (320). Bembidium chalceum Dej., Spec, V, 1831, 89. 

More slender and more convex than honestum. Coppery bronze, rarely 
greenish or bluish-black; legs rufo-piceous, the femora at base and tibia- 
paler. Thorax with sides more strongly curved in front, distinctly more 
narrowed and deeply sinuate behind than in honestum, the apex truncate. 
Elytra oblong-oval, deeply striate; intervals convex. Length 5.5-6.2 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 15-September 4. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



73 



84 (325). Bembidium nigrum Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 182:*,, 85; 

ibid. II, 500 

Black, feebly bronzed, strongly shining; antennae fuscous, the basal 
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than 
long, slightly narrower at base than apex ; sides curved in front, very 
feebly sinuate behind; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate; hind an- 
gles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, striae 
coarsely and deeply punctate. Length 3.7-4.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 10. Probably occurs sparingly 
throughout the State. 

85 (341). Bembidium guexi Chaud., Rev. et Mag. ZooL, XX, 1868, 242. 

Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed; 
elytra dark brown or piceous, strongly shining ; antennae fuscous, the basal 
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, very 
slightly narrower at base than apex, hind angles subrectangular, indis- 
tinctly carinate. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax, the five inner 
striae entire, punctate, the sixth and seventh obsolete on apical half, the 
seventh often wanting. Length 4.7-5.5 mm. 

Fulton, Vigo, Jackson and Franklin counties; scarce. April 
14- August 20. Listed as B. planum Hald., which name was pre- 
occupied. 

B. fug ax Lee, 5.5-6.2 mm, ; B. transversale Dej. ; B. ustulatiom 
Linn., 5.2-6.2 mm., and B. postremum Say, 6-7 mm. in length, each 
have a known distribution which might bring them within the limits 
of Indiana, yet no specimens have as yet been seen from the State. 

86 (358). Bembidium picipes Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 54. 

Elongate, rather slender, moderately convex. Black, shining, some- 
times slightly bronzed or bluish; elytra rarely with a submarginal pale 
spot one-fourth from apex ; antennae piceous or fuscous, the basal joint 
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, narrower at 
base than apex; sides strongly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind, 
hind angles rectangular, carinate; disk with median line fine, basal im- 
pressions deep. Elytra about one-half wider than thorax, rather deeply 
striate, the fifth stria represented by a groove at apex. Length 5-6 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 11-October 6. Oc- 
curs beneath stones by running water. 

Group C. 

The species belonging to this group have the dorsal punctures 
on the third interval and the humeri rounded into the sides of the 
elytra. It comprises the Indiana species of Groups XI to XXI, 
inclusive, of Hayward. 



FAMILY II. CAKABID-zE. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

Eyes large or moderately large, convex ; outer lobe of maxilla? with 

the two joints distinct. 
b. Dorsal punctures of elytra on the third interval only. 

c. Stria? on front of head normal ; elytra distinctly striate, with at 
least the first and second stria? entire ; stria? punctate. 
(1. Thorax narrower at base than apex. 

e. Form depressed ; all the stria? of elytra entire. 

f. Thorax cordate, nearly twice as wide as long, much nar- 

rower at base than apex; legs and base of antenna? dull 
brownish-yellow. ST. cordatum. 

ff. Thorax subquadrate, but slightly narrower at base than 
apex; legs dark reddish-brown. SS. intermedium. 

ee. Form more or less convex. 

g. Elytra with all the^tria? entire; head alutaceous. 

h. Larger. 5-6 mm.; blackish or piceous. bronzed, the elytra 
with pale markings. S9. gractliforme. 

lih. Smaller, 4-4.5 mm. 

i. Elytra dull brownish-yellow with two fuscous cross- 

bands, one slightly behind the middle and another 
between this and apex; stria? scarcely less deep at 

tip. OBERTHtjRI. 

ii. Elytra greenish-bronzed with pale markings; stria? 

much finer at tip. . 90. fraternum. 

gg. Elytra with several of the stria? abbreviated behind. 

j. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate ; head very 
finely or not at all alutaceous; size very small, not over 
3.5 mm. 91. versicolor. 

./'./'. Hind angles of thorax very finely carinate; head dis- 
tinctly alutaceous; bronzed, tinged with green, elytra 
with dull yellow markings ; size 4.2-5.5 mm. 

coxstrictum. 

dd. Thorax not perceptibly narrower at base than apex. 

7c. Thorax squarely truncate at base, the hind angles rectangu- 
lar ; elytra black, with dull yellow markings; length less 
thau 5 mm. 92. variegatum. 

TcJc. Thorax slightly obliquely truncate each side at base; elytra 
dull yellow with a bar behind the middle and two or three 
spots blackish ; length 5 or more mm, 93. postfasciatum. 
cc. Stria? on front of head double, often convergent. 
I. Frontal stria? more or less oblique. 
m. Frontal stria? but slightly oblique, the outer one interrupted: 
size small, not over 4 mm. 
n. Thorax cordate, the base pedunculate or subpedunculate. 
o. Moderately convex; thorax scarcely wider than long: 
elytra brownish-green with a subhumeral and a small 
submarginal spot dull yellow. 94. pedicellatum. 

oo. Slightly depressed; thorax one-half or more wider thau 
long: elytral spots <is in preceding but larger: punc- 
tures of elvtra finer. 95. quadrimaculatum. 



Til K (JJJUl'N I) WE KTLKS. 



75 



nn. Thorax cordate, the base truncate. 

p. Thorax slightly wider than long, distinctly narrower a1 
base than apex ; elytra black, slightly bronzed, with 
dull yellow markings along the margin. 96. affine. 
pp. Thorax one-half wider than long, but slightly narrower at 
base than apex; elytra piceous or nearly black, with- 
out pale spots on margins. musctcoia. 
mm. Frontal stria? very oblique, strongly convergent, the outer one 
the shorter and often very faint ; thorax cordate, truncate 
at base. 

q. Thorax distinctly wider than long, the hind angles acute ; 
elytra black, scarcely bronzed, with submarginal spot and 
apex more or less dull yellow ; larger. 3.2-4 mm. 

97. ANGULIFEEUM. 

<j(j. Thorax scarcely wider than long, the hind angles rectangu- 
lar; elytra brownish-bronzed with subapical spot and 
apex pale ; smaller, 2-2.7 mm. 9S. assimile. 

II. Frontal strife nearly straight, the outer one entire; elytra black 
or greenish-black, shining, with a submarginal spot and apex 
dull yellow; length 3.2-3.5 mm. sulcatum. 
bb. Dorsal punctures of elytra in irregular rows on all the intervals, 
each puncture bearing a distinct, bristle-like hair ; all the strife 
abbreviated behind the middle. 00. semistriatum. 

aa. Eyes small, flattened: outer lobe of maxillae with the two joints united; 
color uniform reddish-brown. oblongulum. 

87 (366). Bembidilm cobdatum Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848, 457. 

Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax coppery or greenish- 
bronzed, alutaceous; elytra dull brownish-yellow, with a humeral spot, a 
small oblong spot on third interval and two cross-bands connected by a 
sutural line, bronzed or nearly black. Thorax with sides strongly curved, 
sinuate near base; hind angles rectangular, finely carinate; basal impres- 
sions rather deep, bistriate. the outer stria very feeble. Elytra one-third 
wider than thorax, striae finely punctate to behind the middle; intervals 
fiat. Length 5.5-6.2 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 19- July 3. 

88 (388). Bembidium intermedium Kirby. Faun. Bor. 

Amer.. IV, 1837, 58. 
Elongate, slightly depressed. Dark greenish-bronzed: 
elytra with the apex, a small subapical spot near the 
margin and rarely a short cross-band in front of middle, 
dull brownish-yellow : antennae fuscous, the basal joints 
paler. Head and thorax alutaceous. the latter with sides 
curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base ; hind 
angles obtuse, carinate; basal impressions small, rather 
deep, bistriate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, the 
strife finely punctured to behind the middle; intervals 
flat. Length 3.7^1.5 mm. (Fig. 50.) 




Fig. 50. 
(Original.) X 0. 



76 



FAMILY IT. CARABILVE. 



Throughout the State ; scarce. February 1-December 25. Hi- 
bernates as imago beneath logs, etc., in low, damp places. 

89 ( ). Bembidium graciliforme Hayw., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXIV, 

1S97, 97. 

Elongate, rather slender, slightly convex. Head and thorax blackish- 
bronzed ; elytra bronzed piceous, shining, with a subhmneral blotch, a 
cross-band behind the middle and sometimes the apex, paler, the markings 
often indistinct ; antennae piceons, the basal joints and legs dull yellow. 
Thorax subcordate, one-half wider than long, distinctly narrower at base 
than apex; sides curved nearly to base, deeply sinuate in front of hind 
angles, which are rectangular and carinate. Elytra slightly wider than 
thorax, the striae distinctly punctate to behind middle; intervals convex. 
Length 5-5.7 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties ; scarce. April 25-October 1. 
B. oberthuri Hayw., 4-4.5 mm. in length, is known from Massa- 
chusetts, Illinois and Iowa and should occur in northern Indiana. 

90 (377). Bembidium fraterncm Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1857, 6. 

Slightly robust, moderately convex. Dark greenish-bronzed; elytra 
with a narrow transverse band one-third from base, another one-third from 
apex and an apical spot, paler, the three usually connected along the mar- 
gin, often indistinct; antennae piceous, paler at base; legs reddish-brown. 
Thorax slightly subcordate. finely alutaceous, one-half wider than long; 
basal impressions broad, deep ; sides broadly curved, sinuate near base ; 
hind angles rectangular, carinate. the carina? long. Elytra one-half wider 
than thorax, the stria? punctate to behind middle; intervals nearly flat. 
Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Steuben, Fountain and Lawrence counties; scarce. July 6- 
August 16. 

91 (391). Bembidium versicolor Lee. Ann. Eye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 460. 

Slightly elongate, moderately convex. Llead and thorax greenish- 
black, slightly bronzed ; elytra usually dull yellow, with three cross-bands, 
more or less connected along the suture, piceous or nearly black ; antennae 
piceous, the basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subcordate, one- 
half wider than long; sides strongly curved in front, deeply sinuate near 
base; hind angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra one-half wider than 
thorax, the stria- rather deep, distinctly punctate to behind middle, tin 1 
outer ones obsolete on apical half. Length 2.5-3.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 1-October 11. One 
of our smallest species. 

B. constrictum Lee, has a wide distribution over the Eastern 
United States and should occur in Indiana. 



the (ii;oi'M) iii-.i-: i u:s. 



77 



*92 (387). Bembidium vakiegatum Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II. 1823, 



Moderately broad, slightly convex. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed, 
alutaceous; elytra black with a few dull yellow markings, or dull yellow 
with black markings (form patruele) ; antenna} fuscous, the basal joints 
paler; legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex; 
sides slightly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind; basal impressions 
broad, deep, bistriate; bind angles rectangular, strongly carinate. Elytra 
one-half wider than thorax, striae entire, distinctly punctate to behind mid- 
dle; intervals convex. Length 3.5-4.7 nun. 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Often 
attracted in summer by electrie light. February 26-December 25. 
In the form patruele the ground color of the elytra is dull brown- 
ish-yellow with a humeral spot, a narrow line along the suture and 
three more or less interrupted, sinuous cross-bars, black. In a 
large assemblage of specimens these dark markings gradually be- 
come broader and more extended until the black predominates, the 
elytra being then spotted and .banded with dull yellow as in the 
typical varicgalum. Both forms are common in Indiana, the dark 
one being much the more so. 

93 (0252). Bembidium postfasciatum Hamilton, Can. Ent., XXV., 1S93, 



Form broad, dilated, slightly convex. Head and thorax coppery-bronze, 
alutaceous ; elytra dull brownish-yellow with a small spot on third in- 
terval, a cross-band about the middle and another near the apex blackish ; 
legs dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, 
as wide at base as apex; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate; hind 
angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than thorax, 
deeply striate, the striae dilated at base, finely punctate; disk with a trans- 
verse depression behind the scutellum. Length 5-6 mm. 

Southern fourth of State; frequent. February 11-July 28. 
Taken along the Wabash and White rivers from beneath the bark 
of sycamore and other trees ; also on low, sandy mud flats. Hiber- 
nates as imago. 

94 (419). Bembidium pedicellatum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. 



89; ibid. II. 499, 550. 



305. 



Elongate, moderately convex. Piceous bronzed, elytra 
each with two pale spots ; antemioe fuscous, paler at base : 
legs pale yellow. Thorax cordate, one-half narrower at 
base than at apex, sides curved in front, sinuate behind ; 
basal impressions small, hind angles scarcely evident, not 
carinate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, the striae 
distinctly, not closely, punctate : intervals nearly flat. Length 
3-3.7 mm. (Fig. 51.) 



Nat. Sci., 1857, 6. 




Southern half of State ; frequent. March 25-No- 
vember 10. 



Fig. 51. 
(Original.) X I). 



78 



FAMILY II. OATCABIDJE. 



95 (417). Bembidium quadrimact; latum Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, 416; 

Say, Ed. Lee. IL 501, 553. 

j 

Moderately elongate, slightly depressed. Head and thorax bronzed or 
blackish-bronzed, shining; elytra brownish or black, with a triangular 
subhumeral spot and a smaller one behind the middle, dull yellow ; an- 
tennae piceous. the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Length 2. 7-8. 7 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. April 11-December 27. Re- 
sembles pedicellatum but is less convex and with punctures of ely- 
tra, finer and more closely placed; elytra! spots more distinct. Hi- 
bernates as imago. 

96 (407). Bembidicm affine Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 86; 

ibid. II, 501. 

Slightly elongate, convex. Black or piceous, slightly bronzed, shining; 
elytra with a small spot near humerus, a large, triangular submargin.il 
one at middle, a small one one-fourth from apex and often the apex, dull 
yellow-; antennae fuscous, the basal joints and legs dull yellow T . Thorax 
slightly wider than long, sides curved in front, sinuate behind, hind angles 
rectangular, very finely carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than 
thorax, striae distinctly punctate, the first and second only entire. Length 
2.5-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common.. February 20-November 8. 
Hibernates as imago. 

B. muscicola Hayw., 2.5-3.2 mm. in length, has been taken in 
Michigan and northern Illinois and should be found in the north- 
ern third of Indiana. 

97 (410). Bembidium anguliferum Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., Y, 1S52, 185. 

Slightly elongate, convex. Black, feebly bronzed, shining ; elytra with 
dull yellow markings as given in key; legs reddish-brown to piceous. 
Thorax much narrower at base than apex; basal impressions deep, with 
one stria ; sides curved in front, sinuate behind ; hind angles acute, cari- 
nate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, stride punctate, feebly impressed, 
especially on sides; intervals nearly flat. Length 3.2-4 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. May 5. A species of northern range, ex- 
tending across the continent. 

98 (414). Bembidium assimile Gyll., Ins. Suec, II, 1810, 26. 

Moderately robust. Black; elytra piceous or brownish with submar- 
ginal spot and apex paler; antenna? fuscous, paler at base; legs dull yel- 
low. Thorax narrower at base than apex, sides strongly curved in front, 
distinctly sinuate behind ; hind angles rectangular, disk sparsely and 
coarsely punctate at base and apex ; basal impressions deep, uni striate. 
Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, coarsely punctate, the punctures 
obsolete on apical half. Length 2-2.7 mm. 

Lake. Laporte and Vigo counties; scarce. May 5-October 21. 
Our smallest species. The subopaque pale spot is ocellate, being 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



70 



surrounded by a distinct ring, darker than the remaining surface 
of elytra. 

B. sulcatum Lee., a member of the boreal fauna, has been taken 
in Michigan and northern Illinois and should occur in northern In- 
diana. 

99 (420). Bembidium sej mi; striatum Half!., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 

1843, 303. 

Slightly elongate, convex. Nearly black, feebly bronzed, the elytra 
often tinged with brownish ; antennae piceous, the basal joints and legs 
dull yellow. Frontal grooves single, straight, parallel. Thorax subcor- 
date. one-half wider than long, distinctly narrower at base than apex; 
sides strongly curved in front, sinuate behind; basal impressions deep, 
bistriate ; hind angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra one-half wider than 
thorax, finely striate, the stria? with deep, rather distant punctures, these 
obsolete on apical half ; intervals flat, with punctures as mentioned in 
key. Length 3.7-4.2 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from beneath dead 
leaves above a hillside spring. The seta? arising from the dorsal 
punctures are very distinct beneath a lens. Occurs from New Eng- 
land to Kentucky. 

B. ohlongulum Mann.. 4.2-5. 5 mm. in length, has been taken in 
Ohio and Michigan. It is a member of the boreal fauna and should 
be found along the northern border of Indiana. Two specimens 
were in the Stein collection without locality label. 

XVIII. Anillus Duval. 1851. (Or., ''without + light.'') 

Very small brownish species, having the eyes entirely wanting 
and hind coxa? separated. They live in caves or under stones on 
the slopes of wooded hills. Four species are known from the 
United States, one of which has been taken in Indiana. 

100 (429). Anillus foetis Horn. Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc, II. 1868, 127. 
Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, shining ; antenna? and legs pale yel- 
low. Head with a shallow groove each side of front. Thorax wider than 
long, sides slightly curved to behind middle, thence feebly converging to 
base, which is narrower than apex and squarely truncate ; disk with a 
single bristle-bearing puncture each side near front angle, median line 
fine, hind angles rectangular. Elytra with a few discal rows of very fine 
punctures, some of which bear single, long, erect hairs ; the punctures ab- 
sent on sides and apex, plainly visible only when viewed from the side. 
Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Rare, or so small as to be overlooked. Two specimens were 
taken from beneath stones on a wooded slope near Wyandotte Cave. 
Crawford County. May 27. When their cover was removed they 
ran aimlessly about, instead of seeking some new retreat. 

[6—23402] 



so 



FAMILY II. CAB ABIDES. 



XIX. Taciiys Schaum. 1860. (Or., "swift,") 

Very small black or brownish species having the characters of 
the tribe BemUdiini. Front tibiae obliquely truncate at apex; 
elytra glabrous, either striate or wholly without stria, except 
that at suture, which is recurved at apex. They occur for the most 
part in damp places, beneath the bark of partly decayed logs and 
stumps; also in moss and ant hills and beneath chunks on mud 
flats. "When uncovered they run very rapidly, whence the generic 
name. About 45 species are known from the United States; of 
these 15 have been taken in Indiana, 

The only paper treating of the genus is by : 
Hay ward.— - 1 A Study of the Species of Tachys of Boreal Amer- 
ica" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXVI, 1899. 191-238. 
For convenience Hayward divided the genus into nine groups, 
his primary division being based upon the presence or absence of 
punctures on the mentum. Of this character he says: "The 
mentum varies in the different species being more or less emargi- 
nate in front, with a tooth of varying prominence at the bottom of 
the emargination. In rather more than half of the United States 
species there may be observed, behind the tooth, two large fora- 
meniform punctures which are entirely absent in the other group. 
These are not difficult to detect, even with a hand lens, and as soon 
as recognized, their presence or absence can be readily determined, 
even in the smallest forms." Since only one-third of the species 
treated by Hayward occur in Indiana, they will be separated into 
but two groups, and this is done only to lessen the length of the 
keys to species. 




Fig. 52. a, mentum of T. tivax; b, mentum of T. proximus; c, thorax of T. intvnus; d, thorax of T. (rim 

(After Hayward.) 



KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA TACHYS. 

a. Mentum ^y^thout large punctures behind the median tooth (Fig. 52. a) ; 
marginal stria of elytra interrupted or less deep at middle. 

Group A. 

aa. Mentum with two large forameniform punctures behind the tooth. 
(Fig. 52, M Groll P B - 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



81 



Group A. 

This group includes the Indiana species of Groups I-IV of Hay- 
ird. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

Thorax broadly margined, the margin translucent ; third interval of 
elytra with two small dorsal punctures very near the third stria; 
apical third of elytra yellowish. 101. flavicauda. 

Thorax narrowly margined, the margin not translucent. 
b. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria parallel to the 
margin ; dorsal punctures two, the first on the fourth stria near 
the base, the second on the third stria near the apex ; color jet 
black. 102. nanus. 

bb. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria short, nearly 
parallel to the suture ; dorsal punctures two, placed on the third 
stria when the latter is present, the second but slightly behind the 
middle. 

c. Elytra with none of the striae punctate. 
d. Thorax with the transverse impression near base not tripunc- 
tate at middle (Fig. 52, c) ; elytra with the sutural stria 
deep, the other striae obsolete, 
e. Very convex ; thorax scarcely as wide at base as apex, the 
sides strongly rounded in front, oblique behind. 

103. GRANARIUS. 

ee. Moderately convex ; thorax a little wider at base than apex, 
the sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind ; 
elytra distinctly wider than thorax. 
/. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the elytra with an ill-de- 
fined stripe each side, or with subhumeral and subapical 
spots, paler ; form moderately elongate. 104. incurvus. 
ff. Uniform light readish-brown or brownish-yellow, elytra 
rarely slightly darker on the disk ; form very elongate. 

105. DOLOSUS. 

dd. Thorax with the transverse impression near base with three 
large punctures at middle. (Fig. 52, d.) 
g. Thorax not wider at base than apex ; elytra distinctly wider 
than thorax with a sutural and one to three abbreviated 
dorsal stria?. 106. xanthopus. 

gg. Thorax wider at base than apex. 

//. Form subdepressed ; dark brown or piceous; thorax but 
slightly wider at base than apex. 107. tripunctatus. 
////. Form convex. 

i. Iveddish-brown or piceous, the elytra paler at sides and 
tip ; thorax distinctly wider at base than apex. 

108. vivax. 

ii. Black, very shining; legs pale; sides of thorax rounded 
to behind the middle, sinuate behind. 109. capax. 

cc. Elytra with the sutural stria distinctly punctulate ; form robust ; 
reddish-brown ; thorax tripunctate at base. 110. ferkugineus. 



82 



FAMILY IT. CAEAJBIDiE. 



*101 (450). Tachys flavicauda Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc, II, 1S23, 87; ibid. II, 502. 
Rather broad, feebly convex. Dark piceons or near- 
ly black, the apical third of elytra yellowish; anten- 
na? and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one- 
half wider than long ; sides feebly curved, base trun- 
cate, a little wider than apex; hind angles rectangu- 
lar, not carinate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, 
the five inner stride moderately distinct. Length 1.5- 
1.8 mm. (Fig. 53.) 

Throughout the State; frequent, January 6-December 25. 
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of elm and butternut. 

*102 (149). Tachys nanus GylL, Ins. Suec, II, 1810, 30. 

Elongate, depressed. Black, shining, very finely alutaceous; antennae 
piceous, the basal joints and tibiae and tarsi more or less reddish-brown. 
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, not wider at base 
than apex ; sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate near base, hind angles 
rectangular, not or but feebly carinate. Elytra subparallel. slightly wider 
than thorax, the four or five inner stria? distinct, without punctures. 
Length 2.2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 10-November 20. 
Occurs beneath bark and leaves. 

103 (462). Tachys granarics Dej., Spec, V, 1831, 61. 

Robust, convex. Color variable, usually piceous or nearly black ; elytra 
often more or less brownish and somewhat translucent, sometimes reddish- 
brown, very shining; antenme fuscous, the basal joints and legs dull yel- 
low. Thorax subquadrate. one-half wider than long ; base truncate, hind 
angles subrectangular with a short, fine carina ; transverse impression near 
base deep, finely punctulate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, dorsal 
punctures small. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Putnam County ; scarce. March 5-October 10. Occurs beneath 
stones and leaves on damp, wooded hillsides. 

*104 (461). Tachys incurvus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 440; 
ibid. II, 554. 

Elongate, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown to nearly black, 
shining; the elytra with an indistinct pale yellow stripe reaching from 
humerus nearly to apex, this often interrupted at middle ; antenna? fuscous, 
the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Thorax quadrate, one-half wider 
than long; transverse impression near base, deep, finely punctate; hind 
angles rectangular, with a short carina. Elytra distinctly wider than 
thorax, with only a moderately deep sutural stria, a second faint one often 
visible. Length 1.7-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 21-October 21. Oc- 
curs beneath rubbish in open woodland and often in nests of ants. 




Fig. 53. (Original.) 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



83 



105 (466). Tachys dolosus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 470. 
Very elongate, slightly convex. Brownish-yellow or pale reddish-brown. 

shining; antenna? and legs paler. Thorax quadrate, about one-half wider 
than long, slightly wider at base than apex ; basal impressions small, mod- 
erately deep; hind angles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra elongate, 
nearly one-half wider than thorax, with a deep sutural stria which does 
not reach the base. Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 21- June 26. A few specimens taken 
from beneath cover in sandy places near Pine and Clark Junction. 

106 (456). Tachys xanthopus Dej., Spec. V, 1831, 60. 

Robust, convex. Piceous or nearly black, shining, the elytra indis- 
tinctly paler at tip ; antennae piceous, the basal joints and legs dull yellow. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved in front, oblique 
behind ; basal impressions broad, deep ; hind angles subobtuse, not cari- 
nate. Length 1.7-2.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-October 17. Often 
found running about on mud flats in the daytime. 

107 (453). Tachys tripunctatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 

439 ; ibid. II, 553. 
Rather elongate, subdepressed. Brown or piceous, shining, the elytra 
slightly paler at the sides ; antennae fuscous, the basal joints paler ; legs 
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than long ; sides rounded 
in front, slightly sinuate near base ; hind angles rectangular, with a short, 
fine carina. Elytra with a sutural and three or four abbreviated dorsal 
stria?, the inner three deep, the first only entire. Length 2.7-3.2 mm. 

Perry County ; rare. May 16. Described from Posey County. 

108 (454). Tachys vivax Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 468. 
Rather robust, convex. Reddish-brown, rarely rufo-piceous, shining, 

the elytra paler at sides and tip; antennas and legs pale yellow. Thorax 
more than one-half wider than long ; sides rounded in front, feebly sinuate 
behind ; hind angles rectangular with a short fine carina. Elytra with three 
or four inner strife distinct, the inner two deeper. Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 17-September 9. 

109 (455). Tachys capax Lee, N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 20. 

Rather elongate, convex. Black, very shining; antenna? dark fuscous, 
paler at base. Thorax one-half wider than long, wider at base than apex, 
basal impressions broad, deep ; sides strongly rounded to behind the middle, 
sinuate for a short distance in front of hind angles, which are rectangular 
and finely carinate. Elytra oblong-oval, less than one-half wider than 
thorax, the two inner striae deep, the third feebly marked. Length 2.3-3 mm. 

Knox and Fayette counties; rare. April 25-June 25. A spe^ 
cies of southern range, taken from the edge of cypress swam]-), 



84 



FAM FLY II. CAKA'BIDiE. 



110 (459). Tachys feerugineus Dej., Spec. V, 1831, 50. 

Robust, strongly convex. Uniform reddish-brown, shining, often trans- 
lucent ; antenna* dusky, paler at base. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind ; hind angles rectangu- 
lar, not carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than thorax, with a 
deep sutural and a finer abbreviated second stria, rarely with traces of a 
third. Length 2.5-3.2 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent; much less so northward. 
April 17- May 28. Occurs usually in the nests of ants, though some- 
times beneath chunks in damp localities. 



Group B. 

In this group the mentum is marked behind the median tooth 
with two large deep punctures. Five species are known from the 
State. They comprise the Indiana species of Groups V-IX of 
Hay ward. 






Fig 54. a, Front tarsus of T. proximus (male); b, 
antenna of T. lavus; c, front tarsus of T. corruscus 
(male.) (After Hay ward.) 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Elytra with the marginal stria broadly interrupted at middle (obsolete 
in IcDvus). 

b Recurved portion of the sutural stria very short, parallel with the 
suture, not hooked at tip ; two dorsal punctures on the third in- 
terval near the third stria ; form depressed; length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

111. L^VUS. 

Recurved portion of the sutural stria long, nearly parallel to the 
suture, distinctly hooked at tip ; the first dorsal puncture on fourth 
interval, the second enclosed within the recurved portion of the 
sutural stria ; length 2.3-3.2 mm. 
c. Male with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated (Fig. 
54 a) • elytra oblong-oval, pale with an ill-defined dark blotch 
behind'the middle. H 2 - pboximus. 

cc. Male with only the basal joint of the front tarsi dilated (Fig. 
54; c). 

a Males with the inner angle of the dilated joint of front tarsi 
without a spine; color more reddish than in proximus, with 
the dark blotch of elytra better defined, frequently extending 
to the margin. 113 - scitulus. 



THE GltOUND BEETLES. 



85 



dd. Males with a prolonged spiniforin process at inner angle of di- 
lated basal joint of front tarsi ; elytra uniform piceous or dark 
reddish-yellow. 114. cork users. 

aa. Elytra with the marginal stria deep, entire; two small dorsal punctures 
on third interval; thorax much narrowed at base; elytral stri.e punc- 
tate. 115. EPHIPPTATl S. 

11] (445). Tachys l.evus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 88; ibid. 
II, 503. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Head and elytra piceous ; thorax dark reddish- 
brown; antenna? bead-like (Fig. 54, b), fuscous, two basal joints and legs 
pale. Thorax narrowed behind, nearly twice as wide as long ; sides strongly 
curved to near the base, which is slightly narrower than apex ; basal im- 
pressions small, deep ; hind angles obtuse, not carinate. Elytra about one- 
half wider than thorax, with a sutural and one to three abbreviated dorsal 
stria? ; marginal stria? obsolete. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 18-June 17. Occurs 
especially beneath leaves along the borders of marshes. Our smal- 
lest Tachys and one of the smallest of our Carabidas. 

*112 (433). Tachys pboximus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 88; 
ibid. II, 503. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous ; elytra dull yellow, 
usually with an ill-defined dusky cloud on the middle of disk, their surface 
shining with a silken luster; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs 
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than long, as wide at 
base as apex, sides curved in front, more or less sinuate behind ; hind 
angles subrectangular. Elytra with two or three inner stria? distinct, not 
punctate, the others obsolete. Length 2.7-3.2 mm. 

Throughout the State, common in the southern counties ; less so 
northward. February 26-October 31. Hibernates as imago. 

113 (435). Tachys scitulus Lee, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 471. 

Slightly elongate, depressed. Dull reddish-yellow, the head, and rarely 
the thorax, darker ; elytra with a more or less distinct fuscous or piceous 
cross-band behind the middle; antenna? fuscous,* the basal joints and legs 
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex, nearly twice 
as wide as long ; sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base, hind 
angles obtuse. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, finely striate, the four 
or five inner stria? usually distinct, not punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent; much less so northward. 
April 19-October 17. Occurs on mud flats or beneath rubbish close 
to water. The females of this species are difficult to separate from 
the paler ones of proximus. They have the thorax proportionally 
wider as compared with the length, the sides very slightly if at all 
sinuate near base. The color is usually more reddish, with the dark 
discal space forming a transverse band instead of an ill-defined 
blotch. 



86 



FAMILY II. CARABIDzE. 



Ill (440). Tachys coeruscus Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 472. 

Rather slender, subdepressed. Uniform black to pieeous, rarely dark 
reddish-yellow; antennse fuscous, the basal joints paler; legs pale yellow. 
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, as wide at base as 
apex; sides curved in front, oblique near base; hind angles obtuse, not 
carinate. Elytra each with a sutural and one to three feebly impressed 
dorsal stria?, and with four to six long, pale, erect hairs near the tip. 
Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent ; rare in the northern coun- 
ties. April 18-October 17. The elytra are often more or less iri- 
descent. The uniform dark color and pale legs, token in connec- 
tion with the other characters, render its identification easy. 

115 (470). Tachys ephippiatus Say. Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc.. IV, 1834. 
439 ; ibid. II, 553-. 

Elongate, slender, convex. Pale brownish or reddish-yellow, shining; 
elytra with a large, common dark brown spot on middle and usually a 
smaller indistinct one near the scutellum ; antennae and legs dull yellow. 
Thorax subcordate. narrower at base than apex, widest before the middle; 
sides curved in front, sinuate behind, hind angles rectangular. Elytra one- 
half wider than thorax, dorsal stria? six. moderately deep, punctured. 
Length 2.5-3.2 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent, April 12-September 3. Oc- 
curs on damp sandy spots along the margins of streams ; also taken 
by sifting in early spring. 

Tribe V. POGONINI. 

Small or medium sized beetles, having the antenna? slender, aris- 
ing from under a feeble frontal ridge, the first two joints glabrous; 
labrum short, truncate or broadly emarginate ; mandibles feebly 
curved, with a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove; last 
joint of palpi not awl-shaped, the next to last not pubescent. 
Thorax with a bristly hair on each side and at hind angles. Body 
not pedunculate, scutellum distinct, Elytra more or less striate, 
with dorsal punctures present. Hind coxae slightly separated by 
the mesosternum. Front tarsi of males with two joints dilated and 
covered beneath with small scales. 

Four genera represent the tribe in the United States, three of 
which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF POGONINI. 

a. Terminal joint of palpi more or less cylindrical and obtuse at tip. that 
of the labial palpi as long as the preceding; head more or less con- 
stricted or transversely impressed behind the eyes. 

XX. Patrobus. 



THE GBOUXD BEETLES. 



87 



aa. Terminal joint of palpi slender, acute at tip. that of the labial palpi 
shorter than the preceding. 

b. Head with distinct eyes. XXI. Trechus. 

bb. Head without eyes. XXII. Anophthalmi s. 

XX. Patrobus Dej., 1825. 

Beetles of medium size. 10 or more mm. in length, having the 
elytra elongate, not margined at base, their sides snbparallel. For 
literature regarding this and the next genus see : 

Horn.— 'Synoptic Tables" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1874, 
130 ; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc„ Y, 1882, 47. 48. 

Seven species are known from the United States, one of whieh 
occurs in Indiana. 

*116 (472). Patrobus loxgicoknis Say. Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc. II. 1823. 40 ; ibid. II. 466. 
Elongate-oval. Black above, piceous beneath ; antenna? 
reddish-brown, half as long as body; legs paler. Last 
two joints of maxillary palpi equal. Thorax convex, a 
little broader than long: sides curved to behind middle, 
thence sinuate to base ; front transverse impression and 
median impressed line deep, hind angles rectangular ; 
basal impressions broad, deep, punctured. Elytral stria? 
deep and distinctly punctured; intervals convex on disk, 
flattened on sides. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 55.) Fig. 55. (After Leng.) 

Throughout the State; common. January 1-December 25. Oc- 
curs beneath stones and rubbish along streams, lakes, etc. ; hiber- 
nates as imago. Most common in May. 

XXI. Trechus Clairv. 1S06. (Gr.. "a runner.") 

Elytra oblong-oval, almost twice as long as wide ; front tibiae 
slightly broader to tip, the emargination extending nearly to the 
middle of the tibiae ; length less than 6 mm. Four species occur 
in the northern and western parts of North America, one of which 
extends down into northern Indiana. 

117 (483). Trechus chalybeus Dej., Spec. V. 1829, IT. 

Elongate-oval. Black or dark brown with a bluish gloss; antenna- 
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate. one-third wider than long : 
sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base ; disk smooth, median 
impressed line distinct, basal impressions deep, not punctate, hind angles 
subrectangular. Elytra oblong-oval, with four or five dorsal stria?, the 
outer two very faint; stria? finely punctate. Inner wings absent. Length 
5 mm. 

Steuben County ; rare. May 13. One specimen was taken from 
beneath leaves in low moist woods on the eastern edge of Clear Lake. 




88 



FAMILY II. CABABIDiE. 



XXII. AjSJOphtbalmus Sturm, 1844. (Gr., " without eyes.") 

Small, pale brown, eyeless beetles found in eaves. Eight species 
are known from the United States, two of which were described 
from Wyandotte Cave. Indiana. For literature see : 

Horn. — "Synoptic Table" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, X 5 1883, 
270; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, Y, 1882, 48. 

IIS (489). AxoPHiHALiirs tewis Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc., III. 1871, 327 ; Geol. Surv. Ind. 1872, 
%^f^ 179. 

%j Elongate, slender. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Head 

oval, front with two curved impressed lines. Thorax broader 
than head, slightly longer than wide ; sides curved in front. 
¥^l&J^i sinuate behind, median line distinctly impressed: hind 
% angles rectangular. , acute. Elytra elongate-oval, two-thirds 
I \ longer than broad, surface finely alutaceous ; striae faint but 
evident, with three bristle-bearing punctures along the third. 
(Sihbi) Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 56.) 

Caves of Monroe, Lawrence and Crawford counties ; frequent in 
Wyandotte. April 15-Septeniber 20. They occur only in the re- 
mote parts of the caves, where they may be found crawling rapidly 
over mud, sand or rocks in damp localities. Like other Carabids. 
these small blind beetles are supposed to be carnivorous. In Wyan- 
dotte specimens of mites, spiders, springtails and harvestmen were 
taken in the same locality as the beetles, and probably furnish the 
latter a scanty supply of food. 

119 (491). A^ophthalmvs eremtta Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. III. 
1S71. 32S; Geol. Surv. Ind.. 1872, 180. 
Of the same color as tenuis and resembling that species but broader. 
Thorax wider than long and wider than head : hind angles less prominent. 
Elytra more distinctly alutaceous, with scarcely any traces of striae, the 
surface subopaoue. Length 5 mm. 

Very rare; originally described from a single male specimen 
taken in Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. The type is in the 
Horn collection at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. 

Tribe VI. PTEROSTICHENT. 

Beetles of medium or large size, having the antenna? arising from 
beneath a distinct frontal ridge, the three basal joints glabrous: 
mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove: 
mentum broad, usually deeply emarginate and toothed. Thorax 
with at least one bristle-bearing puncture at side and one at hind 
angle. Body not pedunculate, scutellum distinct. Elytra narrowly 
inflexed, margin strongly interrupted behind the middle and with 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



89 



a well-marked internal fold; disk usually with dorsal punctures. 
Front tibiae broader at tip. deeply emarginate within, the inner spur 
situated at the summit of the notch; hind coxse contiguous. Front 
tarsi of males rather broadly dilated and covered beneath with small 
scales. 

The tribe is represented in the United States by five genera, all 
of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF PTEBOSTICHINI. 

a. Terminal joint of palpi dilated ; elytra without dorsal punctures. 

XXIII. Myas. 

aa. Terminal joint of palpi cylindrical or slightly oval. 
&. Front tarsi of male normally dilated. 

c. Last joint of palpi as long as or longer than the next to the last, 
the latter with two setae (bristly hairs) in front. 

XXIV. Pterostichus. 

cc. Last joint of palpi shorter than the next to last, the latter with 
a number of seta? in front. 
d. Elytra with one dorsal puncture ; size larger. 14 or more mm. 

XXV. Evaethbus. 

del. Elytra without dorsal punctures ; size smaller, not over 12 mm. 

XXYI. Amaba. 

t>T). Front tarsi ot male oblicpiely dilated; form oblong, subdepressed ; 
black, very shining, usually with iridescent reflections; dorsal 
punctures one. XXVII. Loxaxdrvs. 

- 

XXIII. Myas Dej.. 1828. 

Beetles of medium size and broad form, having the head and 
thorax black and elytra purplish. Two species occur in the United 
States. Of these but one has as yet been taken in Indiana, though 
Dury has taken the other at Cincinnati. Ohio. They may be sepa- 
rated as follows : 

KEY TO SPECIES OF MYAS. 

a. Thorax depressed at sides; elytra] striae punctured; length 1S-20 mm. 

120. coracixis. 

aa. Thorax not depressed at sides ; elytral stria? not or very obsoletely 
punctured; length 13-15 mm. cyaxescexs. 

120 (494). Myas coracixus Say. Trans, liner. Phil. Soc. II. 1823, 59: 
ibid. II. 4S2. 

Black, elytra purplish. Thorax broad, transversely quadrate, front 
angles rounded, hind angles rectangular, margin purplish. Elytra broad 
with acute stria? which are finely punctured. Length 1S-20 mm. 

Tnroughoivt the State but scarce : taken in nine widely separated 
counties. Occurs beneath logs and chunks in open woods with a 
loose soil. May 21-October 7. 



90 



FA M I LY II.- — CATtABIDyE. 



XXIV. Pterostichus Boil 1813. (Gr.. "wing -f compact.") 

Black or greenish-shining beetles of medium or large size, hav- 
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Form elongate, more 
or less depressed ; head but little constricted behind the eyes • mar- 
gin of elytra strongly interrupted posteriorly. 

The members of this genus are among the most common of our 
Carabida?. They are found in woods and along the borders of fields 
under logs, stones and leaves. A number of the species hibernate 
in the perfect stage. Dr. Forbes dissected thirteen specimens of 
this genus and found that 43 per cent, of the food was of insects, 
canker worms, caterpillars, etc. The vegetable food was of fungi 
and flowering plants. 

The principal papers dealing with the genus are as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Species of Pterostichus and Allied 
Genera Inhabiting Temperate North America." in Journ. 
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., II. 1852. 225. 

LeConte.— 'The Pterostichi of the United States," in Proc. 
Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci., 1873, 302. 

LeConie.—' ' Synoptical Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Y. 
1882. 15, et seq. 

WicMam.— In Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,, III. 1895, 181. 

About 125 species are known from the United States. Of these 
24 have been taken in Indiana, while 5 others may occur. For con- 
venience the Indiana species are first arranged in four groups, and 
these are then treated in order. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA PTEROSTICHUS. 

a. Dorsal punctures none or one only. Group A. 

aa. Dorsal punctures two or more. 

J). Last joint of palpi cylindrical, truncate at tip; size larger, usually 
10 or more mm. 

c. Side pieces of metathorax short, their length distinctly less than 
twice their width at base. Group B. 

cc. Side pieces of metathorax long, narrowed from base to apex, their 
length being more than twice the width at base. Group C. 

hl>. Last joint of palpi elongate-oval, scarcely truncate; size smaller, not 
over S.5 mm. Group D. 

Group A. 

To this group belong smali or medium sized species either wholly 
without dorsal punctures or with one puncture behind the middle 
on the third interval, close to the second stria, They have the thorax 
usually rounded or trapezoidal, much narrowed behind, the margin 
narrow, not reflexed, the base without a marginal line. Six species 



tin: GROUND beetles. 



01 



probably occur in the State, though but three of them have as yet 
been taken. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Elytra without a dorsal puncture. 

lj. Head of moderate size ; thorax longer than broad, the basal impres- 
sions linear, single. 121. adoxus. 
Tjh. Head very large; thorax quadrate, its basal impressions broad; hind 
trochanters rounded at tip. eostratus. 
aa. Elytra each with one dorsal puncture behind the middle on the third 
interval. 

c. Basal impressions of thorax double or bistriate. 

(1. Hind angles rectangular, longer and prominent ; elytral stria? 
punctulate. substriatus. 
del. Hind angles subobtuse or very small ; elytral striae not punctu- 
late. APALACHIUS 

cc. Basal impressions of thorax single. 

e. Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse ; larger, 10 mm. ; thorax 
without an impressed line in front. 122. obsoletus. 

cc. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, prominent ; elytral strke 
deep ; small, not over S mm. 123. honestus. 

121 (519). Pterostichus adoxus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

46 ; ibid. II, 472. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black ; antenna? and palpi dark reddish- 
brown; legs and abdomen piceous. Thorax widest in front of middle, 
thence gradually narrowed to base ; sides excurved near hind angles, which 
are rectangular and denticulate; basal lines deep. Elytral stria? not punc- 
tured, intervals subconvex. Length 13-15 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 18-October 6. Occurs 
beneath logs and stones on the slopes of deep wooded ravines. 

122 (532). Pterostichus obsoletus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV, 

1S34, 424; ibid. II, 537. 
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Black or piceous, shining ; antenna? and 
legs reddish-brown. Thorax orbicular, sides strongly rounded ; basal im- 
pressions rounded, deep and small. Elytra a little wider than thorax, the 
stria? punctured, indistinctly so on sides and apex. Length 9.5-10.5 mm. 

Described from Indiana; occurs throughout the State. March 
21- August 22. Frequent in hilly regions beneath stones and old 
logs. 

123 (539). Pterostichus honestus Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc, II, 1S23. 51 ; ibid. II. 475. 
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous ; antenna? 
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax scarcely longer than 
wide, much narrowed behind the middle and sinuate on 
sides ; basal impressions narrow and deep, with the space 
between them coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra 
more oval and convex than usual, much broader than 

iig. 5/. 

thorax, the strhe deep, not punctured. Length S mm. (After Leng). 
(Fig. 57.) 




92 



FAMILY It. — CAllABiT)^. 



Fulton, Parke, Vigo, Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties; 
scarce. Occurs principally beneath logs in deep shaded ravines. 
April 13-November 4. 

P. rostratus Newm., 14-16 mm., P. substriatus Lee, 12-14 mm., 
and P. apalachius Horn, 12 mm. in length, have a known range 
which favors the probability of their occurring in Indiana. 

Group B. 

This group comprises black, medium sized species ranging in 
length from 10 to 16 mm. They have two or three dorsal punctures 
on each elytron ; thorax narrowed behind and not margined at base, 
except in permundus; the inner wings lacking except in obscurus. 
The side pieces (episterna) o'f the metathorax are short, and nearly 
as broad at apex as base. Of the seven species whose characters and 
range are such as to be included in the group, five are represented 
in the collection at hand, while two others perhaps occur in the 
State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Thorax narrower at base than apex ; presternum not margined behind. 
b. Outer striae of elytra indistinct ; thorax finely margined ; elytra! stria? 

not punctured. 124. obscurus. 

bb. Outer stria? of elytra nearly or quite as deep as inner ; thorax strong- 
ly margined. 
c. Dorsal punctures two (rarely three or four). 

(I. Basal impressions of thorax linear, deep. lachrymosus. 
del. Basal impressions large, broad. 
e. Hind angles of thorax carinate. 

f. Basal impressions without a tubercle. 125. coracinus. 
//. Basal impressions with an obtuse flattened tubercle. 

126. STYGICUS. 

ee. Hind angles not carinate; impressions without a tubercle. 

127. RELICTUS. 

cc. Dorsal punctures four ; hind angles carinate. superciliosus. 
aa. Thorax broader at base than apex ; presternum margined behind ; dor- 
sal punctures three. 128. permundus. 

124 (542). Pterostichus obscurus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 435; 
ibid. II, 538. 

Elongate, slender. Black ; antennae, tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-brown. 
Thorax somewhat trapezoidal in shape, narrowed behind ; basal impressions 
short, narrow, punctured, hind angles very obtuse, rounded. Elytra with 
three dorsal punctures, the first and second on or near the third stria, the 
third on second stria ; intervals flat, striae shallow. Length 10.5-12 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 4-November 17. In one 
specimen before me there are four dorsal punctures on one side 
and three on the other.; 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



125 (545). Pterostichus cobacintts Newm., Entom. Mag., 

V, 1838. 386. 

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Black, shining; antennae 
and legs piceous. Thorax quadrate, somewhat narrowed be- 
hind, sides broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal im- 
pressions broad, deep, rugosely punctured. Elytral striae 
deep, not punctured; intervals flat or nearly so. Length 
15-17.5 mm. (Fig. 58.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the 
northern counties. May 13-Oetober 3. Occurs be- ^rUng). 
neath logs and stones in open woods. In this and the 
next two species the side margins of thorax are wider and more 
reflexed than in any of those preceding; the two (rarely three or 
four) dorsal punctures are located on the second stria, one before, 
the other behind the middle. In one specimen from Cass County 
there are four distinct dorsal punctures on the second stria. From 
the keys, as usually given, it was at first referred to superciliosus 
Say. but the thorax is not narrowed behind as in that species and 
the elytra are jet black, not purplish. I have concluded, there- 
fore, that it is but a sport of coracinus, with which it agrees in all 
other respects. 

P. lachrymosus Newm. and P. superciliosus Say, both 15 mm. 
in length, very probably inhabit the State. The former has been 
taken by Dury at Cincinnati and the la i ter in Michigan. 

126 (546). Pterostichus stygicts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

41 ; ibid. II, 467. 

Closely allied to the preceding. Distinguished principally by the small 
tubercle in the thoracic impressions ; carina of hind angles very short. 
Elytral intervals more convex. Length 14-16 mm. 

Very common throughout the State beneath logs. etc.. in open 
woods. March 31-October 20. The so-called " tubercle" is only 
an elevated space between the two striae of the basal impression. It 
is my opinion that a large series of specimens will show coracinus 
to be only a form of stygicus. Say's name having priority. 

127 (547). Pterostichus relictus Newm.. Entom. Mag.. V. 1S3S, 3S7. 
Resembles both coracinus and stygiciis. Thorax longer, more distinctly 

narrowed behind and without carina at hind angle or tubercle in basal im- 
pressions, the latter, therefore, being single. Elytral striae deeper, with 
narrower, much more convex intervals. Length 16-17 mm. 

Putnam. Vermillion, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. May 25- 
September IS. Occurs beneath stones in deep ravines. 




94 



FAMILY II. CARABIDiE. 



128 (555). Pteeostichus permundus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 
1834, 426; ibid. II, 540. 

Elliptical or broadly oval. Black 
or purplish, shining with iridescent 
reflection ; antenna) and legs piceous. 
Thorax broad, quadrate, a little nar- 
rower at front than at base, side 
margins narrow in front, wider, de- 
pressed and punctured behind the 
middle; basal impressions two on 
each side, punctured, the outer very 
short. Elytra 1 stria? not or very finely 
punctured ; the first dorsal puncture 
on the third stria, the others on the 
second. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 59.) 

Described from Indiana. Oc- 
curs frequently throughout the 
southern half of the State be- 
neath logs in open sandy woods. 
Most common in autumn. 
March 31-October 20. 

Group C. 
To this group belong large or 
medium sized black, greenish or 
bluish species having the side 
Fig. 59. x5. (After Forbes). pieces of metathorax long and 

gradually narrowed from base to apex. The thorax varies much 
in form, and its hind angles are never rounded. The dorsal punc- 
tures range in number from three to six, and the inner wings are 
always present. Thirteen species comprise the group. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C 

a. Three basal joints of antennae distinctly carinate; basal impressions of 
thorax double. 

7>. Legs black ; dorsal punctures two ; body above green or bronzed, pol- 
ished; under surface not punctured. 129. sayi. 
l)b. Legs usually reddish; dorsal punctures four; body above green or 
bluish, not polished ; under surface punctured. 

130. LUCUBLANDUS. 

aa. Basal joints of antennae simple, not carinate; color black, rarely pur- 
plish. 

c. Dorsal punctures of elytra three or four. 

(I. Hind angles of thorax carinate ; basal impressions large and deep, 
bistriate. 

e. Thorax much narrowed behind, the angles rectangular and promi- 
nent. 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



95 



f. Basal impressions not or very sparsely punctured; elytra iri- 

descent; the stria? fine; size larger, 14-16 mm. 

131. EBENINUS. 

ff. Basal impressions distinctly punctulate; elytral stria? deeper; 
smaller, not over 11.5 mm. 132. caudicalis. 

ec. Thorax less narrowed behind, the angles small, rectangular, but 
slightly prominent, impressions punctured. 

g. Smaller, not over 10 mm. ; form slender. 133. luctuosus. 
gg. Larger, 14-15 mm. ; form broader. 134. corvinus. 

(Id. Hind angles of thorax not carinate, basal impressions single. 

h. Basal impressions wide and deep; thorax strongly margined; 
ligula obtusely carinate. 
i. Size very large, 22 or more mm. ; surface but little polished. 

female dull. 135. haldemani. 

ii. Size smaller, not over 20 mm. ; surface polished, shining. 
/. Elytral striae deep, distinct to apex; surface moderately 
brilliant; size 16-20 mm. 136. tartaeicus. 

jj. Elytral stria? fine, very faint towards apex; surface very 
brilliant : size 15 mm. 137. scrutator, 

hh. Basal impressions linear; thorax finely margined; ligula not 
carinate. 

k. Color purplish ; basal impressions not punctured. 

138. PURPURATUS. 

JcJc, Color black ; basal impressions punctured. 139. mutus. 

go. Dorsal punctures of elytra five or six, large, deeply impressed. 

I. Hind angles of thorax small, dentiform ; elytra black, shining. 

140. PENZSrSYLVANICUS. 

II. Hind angles obtuse ; elytra dark reddish-brown, feebly bronzed. 

141. LUCZOTII. 

129 (564). Pterostichus sayi Brulle., Silb., Rev. Entom., Ill, 277. 

Oblong, somewhat flattened. Bronzed or green above ; sometimes nearly 
black ; basal third of antennae reddish-brown. Thorax a little wider than 
long, feebly narrowed behind, more so in front; margins not depressed; 
basal impressions deep, punctate, the outer much the shorter ; hind angles 
rectangular. Elytral stria? deep, punctate. Length 10-12.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 19-October 20. Prob- 
ably hibernates. 

*130 (565). Pterostichus lucublandus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823, 55 ; ibid. I, 177 ; II, 478. 

Resembles the preceding but less flat and without the brilliant polish 
of surface. Color exceedingly variable, usually green or bluish. Thorax- 
wider, not narrowed behind; margin wider, more reflexed, depressed near 
the hind angles. Elytral stria? smooth, rarely finely punctate; intervals 
subconvex, finely alutaceous. Length 10-14 mm. (Pig. 60.) 

Very common throughout the State. February 21-September 
22. Hibernates as imago. The dorsal punctures are usually four. 
[7—23402] 



96 



FAMILY IT. CAEABID.T.. 




located on third interval, one near end of scutellar stria, one just 
behind th a middle, the other two on apical third. In one specimen 

at hand there are six on each ely- 
tron, those on the left all on third 
interval: those on right, four in 
regular position on third interval 
and t wo on fifth, opposite the 
hinder pair on third. 

*131 (568). Ptebostichus ebexixi s 
Dei.. Spec. III. 1S27. 
307. 

Elongate-oblong. Black or piceous. 
shining ; elytra more or less iridescent. 
Thorax wider at apex than base, sides 
much rounded, sinuate near hind an- 
gles. Elytra] stria? shallow, very fine- 
ly punctured : intervals flat. Length 
14-16 mm. 

hake. Fulton. Vigo and Knox 
counties: frequent. Usually found 
b e n e a t h 1 o g s and rubbish near 
water. Hibernates. February 23- 
October 22. In this and the next three species the scutellar stria 
is long and the elytra each have three dorsal punctures, the first 
one on the third stria, the other two near the second stria behind 
the middle. 

*132 ('569). PTEBOSTicHrs cavdicalis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Sue. II, 
1S23. 56 : ibid. II. -ISO. 
Elongate, slender. Black, shining: antenna? reddish-brown, legs piceous. 
Thorax shaped as in eijertiniis. the margin mare narrow, less reflexed at 
base ; impressions, as well as the space between them, sparsely and coarsely 
punctured. Stria* of elytra deeper, finely punctured. Length 10-11.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. March 19-October 17. Hi- 
bernates. 

133 (570). Ptebostichus ixcttosus Dej.. Spec. III. 1S27. 2S4. 

Resembles cauMcalis but smaller and more slender. Thorax more 
quadrate, less narrowed behind. Elytra but little wider than thorax, the 
striae deep, very finely punctured. Length 8-9 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common in the northern counties, less so 
in the southern portion. Occurs beneath rubbish, usually near 
water. Mav 10- August 27. 



Fie;. 60. X 5*. (After Forbes.) 



THE GBOUXD BEETLES. 



97 



134 (571). Ptebostichus cobvinus Dej.. Spec. Ill, 1827, 281. 
Elongate, more robust. Black, antennae and tarsi piceous. Thorax 

rather short, sides rounded, not sinuate, hind angles very slightly promi- 
nent or subobtuse; basal impressions very deep, sparsely and coarsely 
punctured. Elytral striae deep, not or very finely punctured. Length 
13.5-15 mm. 

Frequent about the margins of lakes in the northern half of 
the State; not yet taken in the southern half. May 5-October 29. 

135 (572). Ptebostichus haldemaxi Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848, 

341. 

Oblong, very robust, subdepressed. Black, elytra not shining; an- 
tennae and tarsi piceous. Thorax a little broader than long, narrowed be- 
hind, sides scarcely sinuate, basal impressions not punctured. Elytral 
striae narrow, deep, not punctured ; intervals convex. Length 22-24 mm. 

A southern form, rare in Indiana. Two specimens from mar- 
gins of cypress swamp. Knox County. April 23-May 25. This 
species and the next two were formerly classed under the genus 
Lophoglossus Lee. distinguished by the ligula being obtusely cari- 
nate for its whole length. They also have the thorax strongly re- 
flexed, gradually wider behind, the front transverse line deep, dis- 
tant from margin, the hind angles obtuse ; dorsal punctures three. 

136 (573). Ptebostichus taktaeicus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, II. 

1823, 44 ; ibid. II, 469. 
Oblong, depressed. Black, shining, antennae, tibiae and tarsi piceous. 
Thorax with sides distinctly sinuate towards the base. Elytral striae finely 
and indistinctly punctate, intervals subcouvex. Male with subapical tooth 
on inner surface of middle tibiae short, obtuse; the apical process large, 
acute. Length 16-20 mm. 

Throughout the western half of the State, common; especially 
so in sandy localities near water. Hibernates. April 17-Decem- 
ber 28. 

137 (574). Ptebostichus scrutator Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848, 

342. 

Oblong, depressed. Black, very shining; legs and antennae piceous. 
Hind angles of thorax less prominent than in tartaricus and elytral striae 
differing as mentioned in key. Male with subapical tooth of middle tibiae 
long and sharp; the apical process not distinct. Length 15-16 mm. 

Cass County; rare. September 15, Two specimens taken by 
Dr. Robert Hessler from a ditch dug about a burning peat bog near 
Royal Center. 



98 



FAMILY II. CAEABIDJE 




138 (577). Ptekosttchus purpuratus Lee. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1853. 242. 

Elongate, rather robust. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and 
femora with a distinct purplish tinge; antennae and tarsi piceous. Thorax 
subquadrate. but little narrowed behind, sides rounded, hind angles ob- 
tuse. Elytral stria; deep, not punctured ; intervals convex. Length 13-14 mm. 

Knox and Lawrence counties; rare. August 31-September 26. 
This and the next species have the hind tarsi with three joints 
grooved on the outer side ; the dorsal punctures three and the front 
transverse line of thorax short and interrupted. 

*139 ( 578). Pterostichus mutus Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Sac., II. 1823. 44; ibid. II. 470. 
ElongateT rather slender, subdepressed. Black, shin- 
ing ; antenna and legs piceous. Thorax more evident- 
ly narrowed at base, sides less rounded, hind angles 
distinct. Elytral striae deep, finely punctured, inter- 
vals subconvex. Length 10-12.5 mm. (Fig. 60a.) 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. 
Fig. eol. (After Leng). April 8-December 18. _ • 

140 (580). Pterostichus pennsylvanicus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci.. 1873, 314. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, very shining; palpi, tibise and tarsi 
dark reddish-brown. Side margins of thorax a little wider toward the 
base basal impressions linear with a few punctures. Elytral striae deep, 
indistinctly punctured; intervals slightly convex, the third with five large 
punctures,"' the basal one near the third stria, the others on or near the 
second. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

A northern species taken in Lake County, near Pine; rare. 
June 26. 

141 (583). Pterostichus luczotii Dej.. Spec, III. 1827, 321. 
Elongate-oval, rather slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax black; 

antennae, legs and elytra dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrowed behind: 
sides oblique, narrowly depressed; hind angles obtuse, basal impressions 
sparsely punctured. Elytra! striae finely punctured, the second and third 
with five or six large, indented dorsal punctures placed somewhat alter- 
nately : intervals nearly flat. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

Steuben County ; rare. August 1 3. Four specimens were taken 
from beneath leaves in a low wooded tract on the eastern border 
of Clear Lake. A species of northern range. 

Group D. 

Three small species comprise this group. In addition to the 
characters given in key to Groups, they have the side pieces of 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



99 




metathorax long; dorsal punctures three; hind tarsi with three or 
four joints grooved on outer side; basal impressions of thorax deep, 
single ; wings wanting except in erythropus. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D. 

a. Scutellar stria wanting; thorax subquadrate, hind angles strongly 
funded. 142 . erythropus. 

aa. Scutellar stria long. 

J). Blytral striae not punctured; hind angles subrectangular, slightly 
prominent. 143. patruelis. 

frfr. Basal half of elytral striae punctured ; hind angles obtuse. 

144. FEM ORALIS. 

142 (585). Pterostichus erythropus Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827, 

240. 

Elongate-oval. Black, strongly shining; antennae and 
legs reddish-brown. Thorax nearly square, sides feebly 
curved, widely depressed near the hind angles, which are 
strongly rounded; basal impressions and elytral striae not 
punctured. Length 8-8.5 mm. (Fig. 61.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; usually beneath 
rubbish in sandy localities near water. Probably hi- (A f2?&g). 
bernates. March "19-November 5. 

143 (587). Pterostichus patruelis Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 759. 

Elongate, slender, subcyiindrical. Black, feebly shining ; antennae and 
legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax feebly narrowed behind, sides mod- 
erately rounded, basal impressions sparsely punctured. Elytral strise deep ; 
intervals nearly flat Length 7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; more frequent in the northern half 
March 26-October 25. 

*144 (588). Pterostichus femoralis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer IV 1837 
31. 

Resembles the preceding, but the form is less slender, the hind angles 
of thorax more obtuse and the elytral stria? finely punctured at least as 
far as the middle. Length 7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Feb- 
ruary 6-December 18. 

XXV. Evarthrus Lec. 1852. (Gr., "good + joint. ") 

Black beetles of medium or large size, possessing the characters 
of the tribe Pterostichini as above given. Last joint of labial palpi 
shorter than the next to last, the latter with several long setas in 
front. Elytra with rounded humeri and one dorsal puncture, lo- 
cated near the third stria just behind the middle. Hind tarsi' not 
grooved on outer side. Wings wanting; mandibles striate. Pro- 
sternum not margined behind. 



100 



FAMILY IT.- — CARABlDiE. 



The members of this genus resemble those of Pterosticlms and 
are found in the same situations, though less frequently. Of seven 
specimens dissected by Dr. Forbes, insects such as canker worms 
and caterpillars had formed 93 per cent, of the food, so that they 
may be classed as highly beneficial. 

For literature treating of the genus see the first two papers by 
LeConte mentioned under Pterostichus, also the following: 

LeConte.— "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc, III, 
1880, 21, 49, 73. 

Wick%am.— C 1 Goleoptera of Northeastern America" in Journ. 
N. Y. Ent. Soc, III, 1895, 189-190. 

Thirteen species of Evarihrtis are known from the United 
States. Of these, six have been taken in Indiana, while another 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE EVABTHRUS. 

a. Thorax subquadrate, but little constricted at base; presternum deeply 
sulcate. 

b. Thorax wider than long ; scutellar stria wanting, 
c. Striae of elytra strongly punctured. 

d. Margin of thorax wide, especially at base. 145. seximpressus. 
dd. Margin of thorax narrow, nearly uniform. 146. sigielatus. 
cc. Striae of elytra finely punctured. 147. americani s. 

bb. Thorax as long as wide ; scutellar stria present, rather long. 

148. ORBATES. 

ad. Thorax strongly constricted behind ; presternum feebly or obsoletely 
sulcate. 

e. Hind angles of thorax prominent ; striae of elytra fine. colossus. 
ee. Hind angles of thorax shorter, less prominent ; striae of elytra deep, 
f. Sides of thorax much rounded. 149. sodalis. 

ff. Sides of thorax less rounded, more oblique. 150. furtive s. 

145 (610). Evarthrus seximpressus Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 
350. 

Elongate-oval. Black, head and thorax feebly shining; apical half 
of antenna- and tarsi reddish-brown ; basal joints of antenna?, femora and 
tibia? piceous. Thorax not punctate, sides rounded. Elytra very finely 
alutaceous, opaque; intervals flat. Length 14.5-15.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. April 29-November 19. Occurs mostly on dry wooded slopes 
beneath logs and stones. In this and the next three species the 
thorax has the hind angles obtuse and the sides not sinuate near 
base. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



101 



146 (611). Evartheus sigillAtus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IT. 1823, 

42; ibid. II, 468. 

Very close to seximpresnus. Thorax with more narrow margin which 
is not inflexed or widened near base, the basal impressions more shallow. 
Female dull black; male often more shining. Length 15-17 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. May 12-October 20. 

147 (612). Bvarthrus americanus Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827, 392. 

Form proportionally broader than in the two preceding species. Thorax 
with hind angles less obtuse and elytra more finely punctured. Thorax 
slightly narrowed in front, the margin fine, not reflexed. Elytra in both 
sexes subopaque. Length 15-18 mm. 

Crawford, Knox and Perry counties ; scarce. May 15-Septem- 
ber 10. 

148 (613). Evartheus oebatus Newm, Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 386. 
Thorax not broader than long, slightly narrowed be- 
hind, the margin narrow and scarcely reflexed ; hind an- 
gles less strongly carinate. Elytral striae deeper than in 
the preceding species, rather finely punctate; intervals 
more convex. Length 15-17 mm. (Fig. 62.) 

Marshall and Posey counties; rare. April 10- 
October 17. 

E. colossus Lee, 16-22 mm. in length, has been 
taken in Kentucky and Illinois, and doubtless oc- 
curs in southern Indiana. 

149 (620). Evaetheus sodalis Lee Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 349. 
Elongate-oblong. Dull black, the apical half of antenna- and tarsi 

reddish-brown. Thorax suborbieular, the sides strongly rounded to near 
base, then suddenly sinuate, the base much narrower than apex. Elytra 
finely alutaceous, rather deeply striate, the stria- coarsely punctured; in- 
tervals subconvex. Length 15-17 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; not yet taken in the northern 
counties. April 3-September 16. 

150 ( 621). Evaethrus furtivus Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1852 

233. 

Differs from sodalis in having the thorax more broadly and obliquely 
rounded on the sides, which are but slightly sinuate near the hind angles. 
Length 15-16.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent; less so northward. April 3- 
September 27, 




102 



FAMILY II. CARABIMC. 



XXVI. Amara Bon. 1813. (Gr., "to shine.") 

Black, brownish or bronzed beetles of medium size, possessing 
the characters of the tribe Pterostichini as previously given. Form 
usually oval or oblong, convex; last joint of labial palpi shorter 
than the next to last, the latter with several setse in front ; thorax 
usually wider than long and in most species as wide at base as 
elytra, the latter without dorsal punctures. Males with the first 
three joints of the front tarsi dilated, with two rows of scales be- 
neath. 

The genus is a large one and the species very difficult to sep- 
arate by a table or key unless both sexes are present. Even then 
a number of the species resemble one another so closely as to be 
only doubtfully placed. Its members are, according to Dr. Forbes, 
mainly vegetable feeders, though one of the larger ones, obesa, is 
known to feed largely upon the eggs of locusts or grasshoppers. 
They occur mostly in moist situations, beneath logs, stones, etc., 
and several species are known to hibernate as imagoes. 

The following are the principal papers on the North American 
species : 

LeConte.—^' Notes on the Amarae of the United States," in Proc. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci, VII, 1855, 346. 
Horn. — "Synoptic Tables," in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, V, 

1874, 127. 

Horn— "A Study of Amara," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIX, 
1892, 19. 

WickJiam.—In Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, IV, 1896, 33. 

Bay ward.— 1 Studies in Amara," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
XXXIV, 1908, 13-66. 

About 70 species are known from the United States. Of these 
19 have been taken in Indiana, while two or three others probably 
occur. For convenience the Indiana species are separated into 
three groups, and these in turn into species. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA AMARA. 

a. Thorax distinctly broader in front of than at the base, and usually more 
or less cordiform. Group A. 

aa. Thorax broadest at base, thence gradually narrowed to apex. 

6. Hind tibiae pubescent on the inner side in the males. Group B. 
bb. Hind tibia? not distinctly pubescent on the inner side in the males. 

Group G. 

Group A. 

But five species, whose known range is such as to probably in- 
clude Indiana, belong to this group. With one exception they are 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



103 



our largest species, and are elongate-oblong and convex in form, 
black or pieeous in line, usually strongly shining, rarely very feebly 
bronzed. The apical spur of front tibia? is always simple and the 
elytral striae are punctured. It includes the Indiana representa- 
tives of the subgenera Cyrtonotus, Leioenemis .and Bradytus of 
Hayward 's paper. 

KEY TO SPECIES OE GROUP A. 

a. Prosternuin not margined at tip; middle tibiae of male with two teeth 
on the inner side: punctures on base of thorax limited to the im- 
pressions. 151. PENNSYLVANIA. 
aa. Prosteruum margined at tip; middle tibiae of males not toothed. 

6. Hind tibiae of males not distinctly pubescent on the inner side; 
thorax punctured from side to side at base. 152. ayida. 

&6. Hind tibiae of males distinctly, usually densely pubescent on the 
inner side; basal impressions of thorax broad, bifoveate, with few 
or no punctures between them, 
c. Scutellar stria very short or obsolete ; side pieces of metasternum 
punctured. 153. exarata. 

cc. Scutellar stria long ; side pieces of metasternum smooth. 

d. Prosteruum of male with a shallow sparsely punctured oval 
space at middle, simple in the female : larger.. 8.7-10.5 mm. 

154. LATIOR. 

dd. Prosteruum of male not punctured, but with a lengthwise groove, 
more feebly grooved in female ; smaller. 7-8 mm. schwarzi. 

151 (645). Amaea PENNSYLVANIA Hayward. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 

XXXIV. 190S. 34. 

Elongate-oblong, moderately convex. Black or pieeous. shining; an- 
tennae and legs rufous. Thorax less than one-halt wider than long, slightly 
wider at base than apex, widest a little in front of middle: hind angles 
rectangular, carinate ; basal impressions broad, deep, indistinctly bifoveate. 
coarsely punctured. Elytral striae punctured, more finely toward the apex. 
Length 10-11. 5 mm. 

Southern half of State: frequent. Hibernates. February 26- 
October 9. Listed as fulvipes Putz. but Hayward shows this name 
To have been preoccupied. 

152 (623). Amaea avida Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 1823, 14S : 

ibid. II. 95. 511. 

Oblong, convex. Black or pieeous. shining: antenme and legs rufous. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, widest in front of middle, as wide 
at base as apex: hind angles rectangular, not carinate. basal impressions 
ill-defined: disk smooth at middle, sparsely punctate near apex, more 
densely and coarsely across the base. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, 
the striae deep, distinctly punctured, intervals convex. Length 8-9 5 mm 
( Fig. 63. ) 

Vigo arid Floyd counties: scarce. April 26-June 23. 



104 



FAMILY II. CARABIDiE. 



153 (646). Amara exarata Dej., Spec, III, 1828, 509. 

Oblong-oval, robust, very convex. Blackish-piceous, shining ; antennae 
and legs reddish-brown, the former as long as the head and thorax. Thorax 
subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, basal impressions broad, 
double, punctured ; hind angles small, acute, very obtusely carinate. Elytra 
slightly wider than thorax, the striae deep, closely punctured. Length 
8-10 mm. (Fig. 64.) 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 13 -No- 
vember 11. 




Fig. 63. X 5. (After Smith.) 

154 (647). Amara latior Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.. IV, 1837, 36. 

Elongate-oblong, feebly convex. Piceous to black, often slightly bronzed, 
surface finely alutaceous in females. Thorax about one-half wider than 
long, not sinuate near base ; hind angles subrectangular, very obtusely cari- 
nate, basal impressions broad, bifoveate, punctate, the inner fovea longer 
than the outer. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, rather deeply striate, 
the striae finely punctured, indistinctly so on the apical half. Length 
9-10.5 mm. 

One specimen from the margin of Lake Michigan near Millers, 
Lake County. July 29. A member of the Alleghanian fauna 
which probably occurs throughout the northern third of the State. 

A. schwarzi Hay ward, usually listed as septentrionalis Lee, was 
described from Lake Superior and may also occur in northern In- 
diana. 

Group B. 

To this group belong nine medium-sized oval, black or piceous, 
and usually bronzed-shining species. The antennae are black or 
piceous with the two to four basal joints paler. The elytra are 
rarely, and then only slightly, wider than the thorax at base and 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



105 



their striae are distinctly punctured in but one of the nine, while 
the hind angles of thorax are never carinate. The group includes 
the subgenera Triozna and Amara of Hay ward's paper. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Apical spur of front tibia} trifid ; scutellar stria of elytra terminating 
in an ocellate (eye-like) puncture at base; antennae with the three 
or four basal joints pale. 

b. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, its hind angles obtuse; fourth 

joint of antennae in great part pale. 155. angustata. 

bJ). Thorax narrowed from slightly behind the middle to apex, hind 
angles sharply rectangular ; fourth joint of antennae in great part 
piceous. PALLIPES. 
a a. Apical spur of front tibiae simple. 

c. Basal joints of antennae not carinate ; presternum of male not punc- 

tured. 

d. Scutellar stria terminating in an ocellate puncture ; femora piceous 
or dark reddish-brown, tibiae and tarsi paler. 

156. IMPUNCTICOLLIS. 

eld. Scutellar stria without ocellate puncture. 

c. Elytra 1 striae punctured; base of thorax finely punctured. 

157. BASILLAEIS. 

ee. Elytra 1 striae not or obsoletely punctured ; base of thorax smooth. 
f. Thorax narrowing from basal angles to apex ; form broad, ro- 
bust ; terminal spur of front tibiae stouter than usual. 

CEASSISPINA. 

ff. Thorax narrowing from in front of base ; form oblong-oval ; 
terminal spur of front tibiae normal. 158. ctjpreolata. 

eo. Antennae with basal joints 2 and 3 carinate above. 

g. Scutellar stria ending in. an ocellate puncture. 159. fallax. 

gg. Scutellar stria without puncture. 

h. Basal impressions of thorax very faint; larger, 7.5-9 mm. 

160. PBOTENSA. 

hh. Basal impressions of thorax distinct, the outer oblique; smaller. 
6-7 mm. 161. poltta. 

155 (651). Amara angustata Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 1S23, 36: 
ibid. II, 463. 542. 

Oval, convex. Black, bronzed, shining ; legs dull reddish-yellow. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, hind angles obtusely rounded, outer basal impres- 
sion obsolete, the inner small, sparsely or not at all punctured. Elytra 
not wider than thorax, gradually narrowed from the base; surface finely 
alutaceous. the stri?p not punctured, or sparsely punctate at base; scutellar 
stria ending in a large eve-like puncture. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Common in southern half of the State; less so in the north. 
April lO-.Tune 20. On the first warm days of early spring this spe- 
cies and the next are often found running rapidly about near the 
bases of trees and stumps in open woodiand pastures. 



106 



FAMILY IT. CARABID'iE. 




156 (657). Amaea impuncticollis Say, Trans. Amer. 



Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 36; ibid. II, 463. 
542, 



Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, often with a faint 
greenish tinge ; femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler. 
Thorax subquadrate, narrowed from slightly behind 
middle to apex; surface smooth; inner basal impres- 
sion often evident, not punctured, outer one obsolete. 
Elytra as wide at base as thorax, striae shallow, not 
punctured ; a single large puncture at junction of sec- 
ond and sutural striae. Leugth 7-9 mm. (Fig. 65.) 



Fig. 65. X (Original.) 



Throughout the State ; common. Probably hi- 
bernates. March 12-October 21. The females 



have the upper surface alutaceous. 

*157 (659). Amaea basillaeis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 1823, 35; 



Oblong-oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed or purplish-black, shining; legs 
reddish-brown, the femora darker. Thorax subquadrate, nearly twice as 
wide as long, narrowed from about the middle to apex; basal impressions 
double, with numerous distinct punctures, the inner longer than the outer. 
Elytral striae rather deep, punctured. Length 7-8.5 mm. 

Vigo County: rare. January 13. Taken from beneath mullein 
leaves. 

158 (661). Amaea cupeeolata Putz., Mem. Liege, I. 1866. 180. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Bronzed or purplish-black, shining, the females 

finely alutaceous; antennae and legs piceous. Thorax one-half wider thau 
long, narrowed from about one-third in front of base and rounded to apex ; 
basal impressions feeble or wanting ; hind angles obtusely rounded, the 
puncture near them distant from side margin and much nearer the basal. 
Elytra not wider than thorax, subparallel to behind the middle, the striae 
not or very finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State: our most common species. March 4- 
•July 24. Resembles impuncticollis but readily distinguished by the 
lack of ocellate puncture at base of scutellar stria. 

159 (664). Amaea fai.lax Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. IV, 1848, 362. 

Oval, moderately convex. Blackish-bronzed, shining in males, alu- 
taceous in females ; under surface and femora black, tibiae and tarsi dark 
reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed from 
slightly in front of base to apex, basal impressions indistinct, hind angles 
rectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, striae not punctured ; the 
ocellate puncture at junction of scutellar and second stria smaller than in 
impuncticollis. Length 7.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake, Laporte. Marion. Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce. March 
26-May 28. Distinguished from impitncticollis only by carinate 
basal joints of antennae and the more broadly rounded tip of pro- 
sternum. 



ibid. II, 462, 542. 



THE GROUND BEETLES, 



107 



160 (GOT). Amaba protensa Putz., Mem. Liege, 1, I860, 183. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Purplish-black or bronzed, alutaceous 
in both sexes, more strongly in females ; antennae and legs piceous ; under 
surface black. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, very distinctly wider 
at base than apex ; basal impressions very faint, not punctured ; hind angles 
subrectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate, the striae 
smooth. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. 

Laporte County; rare. May 20. A species of northern range 
which probably occurs throughout the northern third of the State. 

161 (668). Amaea polita Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 364. 

Oval, moderately convex. Bronzed or blackish-bronzed, shining, often 
with a bluish tinge ; femora black, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed from about one-third in front of 
base, hind angles rectangular ; basal impressions small, deep, not punctured. 
Elytra very slightly wider than thorax, the striae smooth. Length 6.2-7 mm. 

Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. March 26-June 26. Easily 
recognized by the carinate antenna?, oblique outer basal depression 
of thorax and smaller size. 

A. pallipes Kirby, 5.5-8 mm., and A. crassispina Lee, 7.2-9 mm. 
in length, are members of the boreal fauna ranging from Massa- 
chusetts to Lake Superior and AVisconsin, and probably occur in 
the northern counties of Indiana. 

Group C. 

This group of eight species comprises the Indiana members of 
the subgenus Celia and includes our largest and smallest species of 
Amara. For the most part they are oval, brown or piceous, rarely 
bronzed species, having the thorax broadest at base, the hind tibiae 
never pubescent on inner side in males, and the ocellate puncture 
at base of scutellar stria always lacking. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C 

a. Antennae and legs piceous black. 

b. Elytra strongly alutaceous, the intervals more or less uneven. 

162. INTERSTITIALIS. 

bl). Elytra shining; intervals flat, smooth and even. 163. erratica. 

a a. Antennae pale, legs usually so. 

c. Size very large for the genus, 9-12 mm. ; presternum with a number 

of setae (bristly hairs) at tip. 164. obesa. 

cc. Size medium or small, not over 8 mm.; prosternum with either two 
setae or none at tip. 
d. Prosternum of male with an irregular group of small punctures 
near the middle. 

e. Sides of thorax distinctly flattened ; prosternum with two seta* 
at tip; reddish-brown, the males shining. 

165. REMOTESTRIATA. 



108 



FAMILY II. CARABITL3C. 



ee. Sides of thorax not flattened ; prosternum without setae ; pieeous, 
shining. 166. chalcea. 

dd. Prosternum of male smooth as in the females and without setae; 
sides of thorax not flattened. 
f. Elytral stria? fine, the intervals flat ; thorax distinctly emarginate 
at apex. 167. sub^nea. 

ff. Elytral strife deep, the intervals convex ; thorax nearly truncate 
at apex. 

g. Form oblong; hind angles of thorax much rounded; sides of 
metasternum coarsely punctate ; larger, 6-7 mm. 

168. eubeica. 

gg. Form more oval; hind angles subr octangular or obtuse; me- 
tasternum smooth ; smaller, not over 5.5 mm. 

169. MUSCULUS. 

162 (670). Amaba intebstitialis Dej., Sp. Gen. Ill, 1828, 472. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Color variable; brownish-bronze to 

green, cupreous or nearly black. Thorax less than twice as wide at base 
as long, apex feebly emarginate, hind angles rectangular ; basal impressions 
usually distinct but shallow, the outer oblique, the inner short, not punc- 
tured. Elytral stride with very hue, indistinct punctures; intervals more 
or less convex with undulating surface. Length 7-9 mm. 

A species of northern range, rare in Indiana. A single speci- 
men was taken in Vigo County from beneath drift in a swamp. 
Several others were obtained near Hessville and Wolf Lake, Lake 
County, by Wolcott. March 26-May 26. 

163 ("669). Amaba eeeatica Sturm, Deutsche Ins., VI. 55. 
Elongate-oval. Bronzed-cupreous or nearly black, shining ; antennae 

pieeous black, the two basal joints often reddish; under surface and legs 
pieeous, shining. Thorax not twice as wide at base as long at middle, sides 
narrowing to front, hind angles rectangular; basal impressions very feeble, 
the outer usually the smaller and obliquely placed ; surface rarely slightly 
punctate near the inner depression. Elytra finely striate, the striae finely 
but distinctly punctured ; intervals flat or slightly convex, alutaceous in 
female. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Lake County ; scarce. March 26-June 26. A circumpolar spe- 
cies which finds its southern limit in the transition life zone of 
northern Indiana. Although Horn says in his key that the surface 
is not alutaceous it is distinctly so in the female. 

164 (674). Amaba obesa Say. Trans. Araer. Phil. Soc, II. 
1823, 37; ibid. II. 464. 
Oblong-oval, robust, not very convex. Pieeous black, shin- 
ing ; elytra opaque in female; antennae and legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax one-half broader than long, hind angles 
rectangular; basal impressions double, finely punctate, the 
outer deeper and with an external carina. Elytral strise 
more deeply impressed at apex, very finely punctured. Length 
(AEterRileyO 9-12 mm. (Fig. 66.) 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



109 



Lake County, frequent along the south shore of Lake Michigan; 
also taken in Lagrange and Marion counties. June 15-October 28. 
Probably occurs throughout the State. 

165 (678). Amaea remotestriata Dej., Sp. Gen.. Ill, 1828, 473. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Reddish-brown or slightly piceous, 
males shining, females dull ; antenna* and legs pale reddish yellow. Thorax 
one-half broader at base than long, hind angles sharply rectangular; basal 
impressions double, shallow, sparsely and coarsely punctate, the outer some- 
what triangular, the inner linear. Elytral striae fine, smooth or very finely 
punctate; intervals flat. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Vigo and Crawford counties ; rare. April 20-September 21. 

166 (677). Amaea chalcea Dej., Spec. Gen., Ill, 1828, 476. 

Form more broadly oval and more convex than the next. Piceous, 
shining, surface slightly bronzed ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, hind angles rectangular; 
basal impressions double, rather large and deep, sparsely and rather coarse- 
ly punctured. Elytral striae not punctured : intervals fiat. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. April 17. 

167 (682). Amaea sub^nea Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850. 208. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, faintly bronzed, shining ; 
■antennae and legs dark reddish-yellow. Thorax about one-half wider at 
base than long at middle, distinctly narrowed at apex, front angles distinct, 
hind angles rectangular; basal impressions rather deep, the inner larger, 
sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytral striae finely and crenately punc- 
tured. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

A northern form, known from Indiana by a 'single specimen 
taken by Wolcott near Clarke Junction, Lake County, June 24. 

168 (681). Amara rubrica Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, , 801. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Reddish to chestnut-brown, shining; an- 
tennae and legs paler. Thorax not twice as wide as long, hind angles very 
obtuse ; basal impressions shallow, usually punctured. Elytra slightly wider 
at base than thorax, striae finely, crenately punctured; intervals convex. 
Length 6-7 mm. 

Southern third of State ; scarce. May 6-October 9. 

169 (683). Amara musculus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 35: 

ibid. II, 462. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, shining; antennae and 
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, distinctly nar- 
rowed in front ; basal impressions almost obliterated, sparsely punctate or 
smooth. Elytral striae as in rubrica, which species it closely resembles and 
from which it is best separated by its smaller size and lack of punctures 
on sides of nieta sternum. Length 5-5.5 mm. 



110 FAMILY II. CABABIM. 

Our smallest member of the genus: common throughout the 
State. Often found in autumn on flowers of goldenrod (Soli- 
dago). April 4-October 27. 

XXVII. Loxandrus Lee. 1852. (Gr., "oblique + male. ") 

Flattened, elongate-oblong or oval, black or piceous beetles of 
medium or small size, possessing the characters of the tribe Pteros- 
tichini. Differing from Pterostichus and allied genera by having 
the front tarsi of males obliquely dilated; mandibles not striate; 
mentum tooth emarginate. The thorax is scarcely or not at all 
narrowed behind and has the basal impressions single, linear and 
straight and the front transverse line distinct, very close to the 
apical margin. The wings are; always present and there is one 
dorsal puncture on the third interval just behind the middle. Al- 
though they are shining and often more or less iridescent, they are 
rarely with color markings other than the piceous or yellow shades 
of the antenna 1 and legs, and, as a result, are very difficult of sep- 
aration. They live beneath stones, logs and bark, especially that 
of oak, usually in damp locations, and when uncovered run very 
swiftly. The following are the principal papers treating of the 
genus : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis," in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1852, 250. 

LeConte— "Synoptic Table," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII. 
375; and in Bull. Brook. En torn. Soc, III, 1880, 19. 

About twenty species are known from the United States, six of 
which have been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. They 
belong to that division of the family in which the side margin of 
the thorax is not flattened toward the hind angles. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LOXANDRUS. 

a. Larger, 9-13 mm. 

b. Legs, or at least the tibiae and tarsi, reddish-brown ; elytra] striae 
punctate. 

c. Thorax one-half wider than long; length 11.5-13 mm. 

170. RECTUS. 

cc. Thorax very slightly wider than long; femora often piceous; length 
9-10 mm. 171. minor. 

bb. Legs wholly black or piceous; elytral stria? not punctate. 
cl. Thorax wider than long, its hind angles rectangular. 

172. BREVTCOIXIS. 

dd. Thorax longer than wide, hind angles obtuse. 173. erraticts. 
a a. Smaller, not over 7.7 mm. 

e. Elytra uniform black or piceous; legs pale to dark reddish-brown. 

174. agtuts. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



Ill 



ee. Elytra with a common sutural reddisn spot behind the middle. 

/. Legs dull yellow; hind angles rounded at tip. 175. velox. 

ff. Legs dark ; hind angles not rounded. celeb. 

*170 (694). Loxandrus eectus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 58; 
ibid. II, 481, 534. 

Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining; antennae, palpi and legs red- 
dish-brown. Thorax nearly as broad as elytra; sides feebly curved; basal 
impressions deep, not punctured. Elytra! striae deep, finely punctured on 
their sides; intervals convex. Length 11.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. January 7. A member of the Austrori- 
parian fauna. 

171 699). Loxandbus minor Chaud., Bull. Mosc, IV, 1843, 766. 
Black or piceous, iridescent, shining; antennae, tibia; 

and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrower than 
elytra, very slightly wider than long ; sides feebly curved, 
hind angles obtuse, with the extreme tip rounded. Ely- 
tral striae shallow, very finely punctured; intervals sub- 
convex. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 67.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; Kosciusko 
County only in the north. April 20-October 20. 
Occurs in sandy localities near water. The legs of 
this species vary in hue, being usually wholly red- 
dish-brown; sometimes, however, the femora (and 

, - , . ., . . . ' v Eig. 67. X 3. 

rarely the tibia? ) are piceous. From brevicollis and (Original.) 
and erraticus the individuals with dark legs can be distinguished 
by their smaller size and by the minute elongate punctures at the 
bottom of the stria?. 

172 (698). Loxandbus bbevicollis Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1818, 338. 
Black, iridescent, shining; antennae, tibia? and tarsi dark reddish- 
brown, femora piceous. Thorax subquadrate, nearly as broad as elytra; 
sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base ; basal impressions 
wider and more shallow than in rectus. Elytral striae shallow; intervals 
fiat. Length 11-12 mm. 

Cypress swamp, Knox County, and near mouth of White River. 
Gibson County; rare. April 30-July 6. Also a species of south- 
ern range. 

173 (700). Loxandrus eeeAticus Dej. Spec, III, 1828, 240. 

Black, shining, iridescent ; antennae dark reddish-brown, the two basal 
joints paler. Thorax subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, basal impres- 
sions rather shallow. Elytral striae not or very obsoletely punctured; in- 
tervals subconvex. Length 9-10.5 mm. 

Fulton and Knox counties; rare. May 20- August 31. 
[8—23402] 




112 



FAMILY II. CABjLBI"Q2E. 



*174 (702). Loxandrus agilis Dej.. Spec. III. 1828, 244. 

Black or piceous, shining, feebly iridescent ; antennae dusky, the basal 
joint paler; legs pale to dark reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate. as wide 
as long; sides more strongly curved than in minor; basal impressions large, 
sparsely and finely punctate, hind angles rounded. Elytral striae finely but 
distinctly punctate ; intervals subconvex. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Fulton, Vigo and Dubois counties; scarce. January 7-August 
20. Occurs under bark of oak stumps and logs. 

175 (707). Loxandrtjs velox Dej.. Spec. Ill, 1828, 245. 

Black or piceous, shining; three basal joints of antennae reddish-yellow, 
remainder darker. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, 
basal impressions narrow. Elytral striae distinctly punctured ; intervals 
flattened. Length 5-6 mm. 

Marion. Yigo. Lawrence ahYL Crawford counties; scarce. Jan- 
uary 7-October 23. The reddish-yellow sutural spot near apex is 
sometimes indistinct. 

L. celer Dej.. 6-7 mm. in length, is known from Illinois. Florida 
and Texas, and probably occurs in the southern third of Indiana. 

Tribe VII. LIGININI. 

Antenna? moderately long, arising from beneath a distinct fron- 
tal plate, two or three basal joints glabrous; head short, with two 
setae above the eyes ; labrum short, emarginate. longitudinally im- 
pressed; mandibles stout, more or less curved, mentum deeply 
emarginate. without a tooth. Thorax with one (rarely two) bris- 
tle-bearing punctures on the side and one near the hind angles. 
Body not pedunculate. Elytra striate, margined at base, not in- 
terrupted on the margin. Hind coxae contiguous ; front tibiae deep- 
ly emarginate on inner side. Males with two or three joints of 
front tarsi rather broadly dilated, spongy pubescent beneath and 
filiate at the sides. 

Four genera represent the tribe in the United States, three of 
which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LICININI. 

a. Antennae with three basal joints entirely glabrous; size medium or 
large. 10 or more mm. 
1). Elytra with one dorsal puncture on the third interval (except in 
obtusa) ; eighth and ninth striae very close. 

XXVIII. DlPLOCHILA. 

Elytra without dorsal puncture; eighth and ninth striae well sep- 
arated. XXIX. Dicjelus. 
(in. Antennae with only two basal joints glabrous: size small, not over 7 
mm. ; third interval with two dorsal punctures. XXX. Badiste::. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



113 



XXVIII. Diplochila Brulle. 1835. (Gr., "double + lip.") 

Smooth black beetles of small or medium size. Elytra usually 
with one dorsal puncture near the middle of the third interval, the 
apex feebly sinuate. They live beneath stones and rubbish, usually 
in damp places. Three species and two varieties are known from 
the United States, all of which occur in Indiana, The following 
table is based on that of Dr. Horn in Bull. Brooklyn Entomological 
Society, III, 1880, p. 52 : 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIPLOCHILA. 

a. Hind angles of thorax distinct. 

b. Seventh stria of elytra feeble or almost obsolete; base of thorax 
broader than apex. 

c. Smaller, 13-15 mm. 176. laticollis. 
cc. Larger, 18 or more mm. 176a. var. major. 

bb. Seventh stria about as distinct as sixth ; thorax less narrowed in 
front, base more narrowed, scarcely broader than apex. 

d. Elytral intervals all black. 177. impkessicollis. 
M. Alternate elytral intervals reddish-purple. 

177a. var. alteknans. 

aa. Hind angles of thorax obtusely rounded; elytral stria? finer, seventh 
almost obsolete; length 11-12 mm. 178. obtusa. 

*176 (710). Diplochila laticollis Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 
319. 

Black, feebly shining; antennre and tarsi dark brown, the basal joints 
of both piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides curved to behind 
middle, thence oblique to base; hind angles rectangular. Elytra finely 
alutaceous. the stria? shallow, not or very faintly punctured ; intervals flat. 
Length 13-15 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. February 6-October 9. Some- 
times attracted by electric lights. 

176a (710a). Diplochila laticollis major Lee, loc. cit., 318. 

In addition to its larger size, this form has the basal impressions of 
thorax broader and more shallow, the elytral striae finely but distinctly 
punctate, the seventh fainter, often wholly obsolete. Length 18-20 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 18-October 27. Usually 
considered a variety of laticollis, but probably distinct. 

177 (711). Diplochila impkessicollis Dej.. Spec. V, 1830, 682. 

Black. Apex of thorax less narrowed than in laticollis. nearly as 
broad as base. Elytral stria* deeper, rather coarsely punctured; intervals 
more convex. Length 16-17 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Vigo counties ; scarce, March 18- July 7. 



114 



FAMILY IT. CAKABIDiE. 



177a ( ). Diplochila impressicollis alternates Casey. 

Differs from typical impressicollis only as shown in table. Size the 
same. 

Vigo and Lake counties; rare. May 30-June 7. 

17S (712). Diplochila obtusa Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IY. 1848, 320. 

Black, feebly shining ; antennae reddish-brown ; tibise and tarsi piceous. 
Thorax nearly one-half wider than long, base wider than apex, sides feebly 
curved, basal impressions deep. Elytral striae not punctured ; intervals 
feebly convex, the third without dorsal puncture. Length 11-12 mm. 

Rare ; two specimens from Vigo County. April 11. 

XXIX. DiciELus Bon. 1813. (Gr., "two + pitted.") 

Black, violet or bronzed-purple beetles of large size, possessing 
the characters of the tribe Licinini as above given. From allied 
genera they are separated by the absence of dorsal punctures and 
by having three joints of the antennae smooth. In our species the 
elytra are deeply striate, with the seventh interval carinate from 
the humerus to a varying distance, and with the eighth and ninth 
striae well separated. The generic .name refers to the impressions 
near base of thorax. Their food has been shown by Dr. Forbes to 
be wholly of insect origin, thus proving their beneficial habits. The}' 
occur beneath logs and stones, usually in high, dry. open woods. 
Seventeen species are known from the United States. Of these 
nine have been taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs. 
For literature see : 

Horn.— "Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, III, 
1880, 51. 

Wickham. — "Coleoptera of Northeastern America," in Journ. 
N. Y. Entom. Soc. IV. 1896. 44. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BIC^LUS. 

(/. Elytral intervals very irregular, interrupted by large punctures. 

179. SCULPTILIS. 

da. Elytral intervals regular, not interrupted. 

b. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base. 
c. Elytra not uniform black ; length 1S-25 mm. 

(1. Elytra violaceous or purplish. 180. purpuratus. 

drl. Elytra brilliant brassy or cupreous. splendtdus. 
cc. Elytra black. 

e. Intervals of elytra alternately broader and more convex; hu- 
meral carina very long. 181. furvus. 
ee. Intervals of elytra equal. 

/. Two bristle-bearing punctures on margin of thorax near mid- 
dle : form moderately elongate, the elytral intervals equal. 

182. ELONGATES. 



THE GEOUXD BEETLES. 



115 



ft. One bristle-bearing puncture on margin of thorax near middle. 
g. Smaller. 15-16 mm. ; basal transverse impression of thorax 
feeble. 183. ovalis. 

Off. Larger. 20-25 mm. : basal transverse impression distinct. 
h. Form elongate; margin of thorax reflexed near base. 

184. AMBIGfL'S. 

hh. Form broad; sides of thorax not or but slightly reflexed 
near base ; elytra] intervals rather narrow, convex ; hu- 
meral carina two-thirds the length of elytra. 

185. DILATATUS. 

bb. Thorax as wide or wider at apex than base. 

i. Surface scarcely shining ; thorax decidedly narrowed behind. 

186. TETER. 

ii. Surface shining: thorax nearly square, not narrowed behind: hu- 

meral carina very short. 1ST. politus. 



5V 



179 (722). DiciELTTs sculptilis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. 

Soc,. II. 1823. 68 ; ibid. I, 53. sN 
Broad, subconvex. Black, shining : antennae piceous. paler 

at tip. Thorax very slightly widest at base, the margin JjjjSiL 

broad: disk finely alutaceous. minutely rugose, not punctate. __J\ W\ 

Readily known by the rough upper surface of the elytra. feS 

Length 37-19 mm.- (Fig. 68.) f^p^/ 

Southern portion of State, scarce: not taken north v 
of Wayne and Fountain counties. April 17-October Fig.^es. 
16. Occurs most commonly in low. damp woods. 

ISO ( 718). Dic-Eixs PTJEPUBATUS Bon... Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813. 447; Say. I. 51. 

Purplish or violaceous, without brassy tinge; antennae 
(as in all the succeeding species) piceous at base, grad- 
ually paler to apex ; legs black. Thorax with fine, wavy 
transverse lines. Elytra alutacems. the striae deep; in- 
tervals very convex. Length 20-25 mm. ( Fig. 69.) 

This large beetle is one of the most handsome of 
our Carabida?. It occurs frequently in southern 
Indiana, but in the north has been taken only in 
Kosciusko County. April 6-August 11. 
Fig. 69. (After Say.) D. splendidus Say. 18-25 mm. in length, occurs 
in Illinois and possibly in western Indiana. 

181 (723). DiciELUs FrRvus Dej.. Spec. II. 3826. 388. 

Short and rather broad. Blackish, opaque or feebly shining. Thorax 
as in purpuraUis. the median line feeble, the margins but slightly reflexed. 
Elytra minutely granulate : the interval between the fifth and sixth stria? 
with several punctures near the base. Length 15-16 mm. 

Putnam. Vigo. Dubois. Posey and Dearborn counties: scarce. 
March 2o-September 16. The humeral carina extends almost to 
apex and unites at tip with the fifth interval. 




116 



FAMILY II. CABABITLL\ 



182 (726). Diclelus elongatus Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813, 447. 

Much more elongate. Black, shining. Thorax with deep, distinct 
median line and two bristle-bearing punctures on sides just in front of the 
middle. Elytra granulate and punctate as in furvus, the striae deep ; in- 
tervals convex; humeral carina reaching beyond middle. Length 15-18 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. April 9-October 17. 

183 (725). Dictelus ovalis Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, IV, 1848, 327. 
Short, rather broad. Black, feebly shining. Thorax with median lino 

very distinct deeper near base and apex. Elytral striae deep; humeral 
carina reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 15-16 mm. 

Kosciusko, Vigo and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 17-Octo- 
ber 27. This species is of the same form and size of furvus, but is 
easily distinguished by the equal elytral intervals. 

184 (727). Dicjelus ambiguus Laf., Rev. Zool., 1841, 48. 

Elongate, subparallel. Black, more or less shining. Sides of thorax 
more strongly reflexed than in any of the preceding species. Elytral striae 
deep ; intervals quite convex ; humeral carina not reaching middle. Length 
19-22 mm. 

Frequent in the southern portion of State, as far north as Ver- 
million County. April 9-October 6. 

185 (715). Dkmelus dilatatus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 68; 

ibid. I, 53. 

Broad, very robust. Black, dull or very feebly shining. 
Thorax with the margins but little reflexed; transverse 
basal impression very deep. Elytral striae deep, broad, 
obsoletely punctured toward the tip ; humeral carina 
reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig. 
70.) 




4 



Southern half of State, frequent; not taken north 
of Vigo County. April 18-October 21. Our larg- 

Efe 70. (After Say.) egt member Q f the gemis 

186 (728). DiCiELUs tetee Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813, 449. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, feebly shining. Thorax broadest in 
front of middle; margins strongly reflexed, transverse basal impression ex- 
tending almost from middle to base. Elytral striae deep, intervals very con- 
vex ; humeral carina reaching to middle. Length 20-22 mm. 

Crawford County: rare. May 18. On account of the form of 
the thorax, this species has the general appearance of a Pterostichus. 

187 (729). Dictelus politus Dej., Spec, II, 1826, 391. 
Elongate-oblong. Black, strongly shining. Thorax subquadrate, a lit- 
tle longer than wide, apex and base equal. Elytra regularly and deeply 
striate. Length 11-14 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent: Kosciusko County only in 
the north. April 9-Septemher 6. Our smallest species. Resem- 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



117 



bles Pterostichus perniundus, but easily distinguished by the lack 
of dorsal punctures. 

XXX. Badister Clairv. 1806. (Gr., "a fast walker.") 

Small piceous, brownish or spotted beetles, possessing the char- 
acters of the tribe Licinini. but having only the two basal joints oi 5 
antennae entirely glabrous; the elytra with the eighth and ninth 
striae well separated and the tips not sinuate. They occur beneath 
stones and logs, usually singly and in damp localities, and are com- 
paratively rare. The following papers are cited for students in- 
terested in the North American forms : 

LeConte. — Short Studies of North American Coleoptera," in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 165. 

LeConte. — "Synoptical Table," in Bull Brook. Bntom. Soc, V, 
1882, 7. 

Eleven species are known from the United States. Of these 
five have been taken in Indiana. Two others may also occur, while 
a new form is herewith described. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE BADISTER. 

a. Elytral striae deep, the intervals narrow, convex; antennae and legs 
reddish-yellow ; elytra reddish-brown, darker behind. 

188. NOTATUS. 

aa. Elytral striae shallow, intervals hat or nearly so. 
h. Elytra spotted. 

c. Thorax, legs and elytra yellow ; elytra with a broad middle band, 

interrupted at the suture, and an apical spot, black, iridescent. 

189. PULCHELLTJS. 

cc. Thorax black, legs and basal third of elytra orange ; apical two- 
thirds of elytra black with an orange spot near apex. 

190. MACULATES. 

blj. Elytra not spotted, sometimes bicolored. 

d. Thorax and legs dull brownish-yellow ; elytra piceous, margined 

at sides, base and suture with yellowish-brown ; length 5.5-6 mm. 

OBTUSUS. 

del. Black or piceous, legs yellow. 

e. Hind angles of thorax very much rounded ; length mm. 

FLAVTPES. 

ee. Hind angles obtuse, not or feebly rounded. 

f. Head as broad as thorax ; margins of latter of same color as 
disk. 191. LATICEPS. 

ff. Head narrower than thorax ; margins of latter paler than disk. 
g. Larger. 5-6 mm. ; margins of thorax narrow, not more re- 
flexed towards the base. 192. micans. 
gg. Smaller, not over 4 mm. ; margins of thorax wider and more 
reflexed towards the base. 193. reelexus. 




118 FAMILY JI.- — CAEABLTXeG. 

188 (731). Badister notatus Ha Id.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. I. 299. 

Elongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax black, shining ; color other- 
wise as given in key. Thorax obcordate ; hind angles obtuse ; basal impres- 
sions deep, linear; median impressed line entire, deep. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Lake. Marion. Crawford and Posey counties ; rare. May 5-No- 
v ember 8. 

ISO *(732). Badister pilchellls Lee. Ann. Lye 
Nat. Hist.. IV, 1848, 418. 
Elongate-oval. Head black, antennse dusky, first 
joint yellow. The two black spots on each elytron 
are sometimes connected by a broad stripe. Thorax 
obcordate, the basal impressions broad and shallow. 
Length 5.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 70a.) 

Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; scarce. Oc- 
curs beneath logs and bark along the margins of 
marshes and lakes. Hibernates as imago. Jan- 
Fig. 70a, (Original.) uary 6-October 29. 

190 (734). Badistee macueattjs Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 387. 

Elongate-oval. Color as given in key. Thorax obcordate with a deep, 
transverse line between the basal impressions, the latter prominent : me- 
dian impressed line entire, deep. Length 6 mm. 

One specimen from Vigo County. Found beneath log in sandy 
upland woods. October 17. Known before only from Pennsylvania, 

B. obtusus Lee. is a boreal species which may yet be found in 
northern Indiana. B. flavipes Lee. is recorded from Cincinnati. 

j 01 ( ). Badister laticeps sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval. Piceons. shining; antennae and legs yellow, the apical 
half of former gradually dusky; narrow margin of elytra and epipleura 
dull yellow. Head as broad as thorax, faintly alutaceous; eyes prominent. 
Thorax slightly broader than long, narrowed from in front of middle to 
base : margins narrowly reflexed. scarcely more so near hind angles, which 
are obtuse: surface finely alutaceous. basal impression deep, median line 
entire. Elytral stria? well impressed on disk, more shallow on sides; in- 
tervals subconvex. Length 6 mm. 

Vigo. Knox. Clark and Perry counties ; scarce. April 15-Sep- 
tember 27. Resembles micans closely and confused in my collee- 
1ion with that species until the type was examined at Cambridge. 
In addition to differences mentioned in key the thorax in laticeps 
is less transverse and has the basal impressions deeper and better 
denned. From ferrugineus, a Calif ornian species, to which it is 
also closely allied, it differs by the less transverse thorax and the 
nale antenna?. 



THE GBOUND BEETLES. 



119 



192 (740). Badistek micans Lee, Proo. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 52. 
Elongate-oval. Above piceous with a bluish luster, the head darker ; 

antennae dusky brown, the basal joint paler. Thorax one-half wider than 
long, the basal impressions broader and more shallow than in laiiceps. 
Elytral stria? feebly impressed ; intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. October 29. 

193 ( 741). Badistek reflexus Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 

166. 

Elongate-oval, slender. Piceous, feebly shining, the narrow margin of 
thorax and elytra dull yellow, translucent ; antenme dusky, tip of last 
joint paler ; legs dull yellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, trapezoidal, 
narrowed behind; basal impressions and median line deep; margins wider 
than in the two preceding species and more reflexed near the hind angles, 
which are obtuse, not rounded. Elytral striae fine; intervals broad, nearly 
flat. Length 4 mm. 

Laporte, Marshall, Vigo and Knox counties; rare. May 20-Sep- 
tember 2. 

Tribe VIII. PLATYNINI. 

Beetles of medium or small size, having the antennae slender, 
arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge, three basal joints gla- 
brous ; head oval, rarely elongate, the eyes not very distant from 
thorax; mandibles moderately prominent, feebly curved, without a 
seta in outer groove; mentum deeply emarginate, toothed or not. 
Thorax variable in form with a bristle-bearing puncture at sides 
and a second at or in front of the hind angle. Elytra margined at 
base, sides narrowly reflexed, apex obliquely sinuate, disk striate 
and in our species with dorsal punctures, Prosternum not pro- 
longed at tip; hind coxae contiguous. Males with three joints of 
front tarsi feebly dilated and clothed beneath with small scales. 
Four of the five genera occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF PLATYNINI. 

a. Eighth elytral stria distant from the margin, not deeply impressed; 
thorax truncate or emarginate at base. 
6. Tarsal claws more or less serrate; mentum toothed; tarsi glabrous 
above, XXXI. Calathus. 

66. Tarsal claws not serrate. 

c. Mentum toothed. XXXII. Platynus. 

cc. Mentum not toothed. XXXIII. Olisthopls. 

aa. Eighth elytral stria united with the margin in its basal half, deeply 
impressed and reaching the suture, XXXIV. Perigona, 



120 



FAMILY II, C A.EABLTW.. 



XXXI. Calathus Bod. 1813. (NL., "a circular basket" or 

"calyx-like.") 

Brownish or black beetles of medium or small size, possessing 
the characters of the tribe Platynim. From allied genera they are 
separated by the smooth tarsi, the claws of which are serrate. Six 
examples of our most common species (gregarius) were dissected 
by Dr. Forbes, who found that two-thirds of their food consisted 
of caterpillars and other insect larva?, and the remainder of the 
pollen of grasses. Our species occur beneath logs, etc., usually in 
dry upland woods. They are difficult to separate, and the only 
papers treating of them are by 

LeConte.—In Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 36; 1860, 
317. 

Ten species have been described from the United States, three 
of which have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALATHUS. 

a. Thorax not narrowed behind, its base as wide as base of elytra ; basal 
impressions feeble or wanting. ; 
b. Entire upper surface polished, shining; sides of thorax moderately 
reflexed. 194. gregakitjs. 

bb. Head and thorax shining, elytra dull, opaque; sides of thorax de- 
pressed, broader behind, not retlexed. 195. opaculits. 
aa. Thorax broadest rather before the middle, slightly narrowed toward 
the base, the latter narrower than base of elytra ; basal impressions 
distinct. 196. impunctatus. 

*194 (742). Calathus gregarius Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 
47 ; ibid. II, 472. 

Elongate-oval. Dark chestnut or reddish-brown, the margins of thorax 
paler ; antenna and legs reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer than broad, 
hind angles rounded. Elytral striae shallow, not punctured. Length 10-11 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. January 11-November 17. Gre- 
garious in cold weather. 

*195 (744). Calathus opaculus Lee, Proc. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 37. 
Form of gregarius. Head and thorax reddish - 
( >r chestnut-brown ; antennae and legs paler ; elytra 
'lull piceous or very dark brown. Thorax not 
longer than wide, slightly narrowed toward apex. 
Elytra minutely alutaceous, the striae very fine. 
Length 8.5-10 mm. (Fig. 71.) 

Lake^ Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; 
frequent. January 1-November 24. Prob- 
Fig. 7i. x 3. (Original.) ably occurs throughout the State, 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



121 



196 (750). Calattius impunctatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11. 1823, 
45 ; ibid. II, 471. 

Elongate-oval. Black or piceous, shining ; antenna? and legs pale red- 
dish-brown. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly curved, hind 
angles obtusely rounded, basal impressions not punctured. Elytral striae 
deep, not punctured; intervals convex, the third with two distinct punc- 
tures. Length 10.5-11.5 mm. 

Northern half of State ; scarce. June 17- August 21. 

XXXII. Platynus Bon. 1813. (Gr., "flat or depressed.") 

A large genus of black, green or bronzed beetles of medium size 
and possessing the characters of the tribe. Palpi slender, with the 
last two joints subequal; first, third and fourth joints of antenna? 
of about the same length. Body usually somewhat slender with 
the elytra nearly twice as wide as the head or thorax. Thorax very 
variable in form, being either oval, cordate, square or rounded; 
the margin sometimes barely visible. Elytra oval or oblong, some- 
times elliptical, usually slightly sinuate at apex, sometimes almost 
truncate ; the interval between the second and third striae with from 
three to seven dorsal punctures. 

The members of the genus occur beneath cover in all kinds of 
situations, some species being found only along the margins of 
ponds, streams and lakes, others in high, dry upland w r oods. and 
still others only in sandy locations. A number are known to hiber- 
nate as imagoes. The two papers treating of the species of the 
United States fauna are as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Species of Platynus and Allied 
Genera Inhabiting the United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. SeL, VII, 1854, 35. 

LeConte. — " Synopsis of the North American Species of Platy- 
nus," in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc. II, 1879, 43-58. 

About 90 species of Platynus have been described from the 
United States. Of these 41 are known to occur in Indiana. Since 
the number of species is so large, the genus in the table which fol- 
lows is first divided into groups, and these in turn into species. 

KEY TO GEOUPS OF INDIANA PLATYNUS. 

a. Elytra oval without humeral angles; side pieces of metathorax short, 
not much longer than wide ; thorax ovate, narrowed behind, usually 
strongly margined at sides. Group A. 

aa. Elytra with broadly rounded humeral angles; side pieces of metathorax 
longer than wide. 
6. Hind angles of thorax not rounded. 

c. Front tarsi without grooves, middle and hind tarsi with grooves 
on the sides ; thorax narrowed behind. Group B. 



122 



FAMILY IT. CARABID.E. 



cc. All the tarsi with distinct grooves on the sides; hind angles of 
thorax obtuse or rectangular. Group G. 

bh. Hind angles of . thorax much rounded, rarely obtuse or somewhat de- 
fined. 

d. Side margins of thorax wider toward the base and reflexed; tarsi 
with distinct lateral but no medial grooves. Group D. 

dd. Side margin of thorax narrow, but little if at all reflexed. 

e. Dorsal punctures of elytra three ; thorax rounded-oval, its basal 
impressions punctiform; pubescence of antennae beginning on 
fourth joint. Group E 

. ee. Dorsal punctures 4 to 6 ; basal impressions not punctiform; 
pubescence of antennae beginning on third joint; thorax oval, 
margin narrowly reflexed. Group F. 

Geoup A. 

The species of this group are of a slender form, without inner 
wings or with feeble ones in quadrimaculatus ; legs and antennas 
long; thorax usually elongate; elytra regularly elliptical without 
distinct humeral angles, sinuate toward the tip and with the lateral 
margin broader and more reflexed than in the other groups. Four 
species whose range is such as to include Indiana belong to this 
group. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GEOUP A. 

a. Suture of elytra prolonged and divergent at tips; front tarsi with 
medial grooves on upper surface. 197. caudatus. 

aa. Suture of elytra not prolonged at tips ; front tarsi without grooves. 
5. Hind angles of thorax rounded ; elytral striae deep. 

c. Alternate intervals of elytra with numerous punctures; antennas 
and legs pale reddish-brown. 198. hypolithus. 

cc. Third interval of elytra with four punctures; antennas and legs 

hl&Ck- ANGUSTATUS. 

&&. Hind angles of thorax rectangular; striae of elytra shallow; thorax, 
base of elytra and subapical spot yellow. 

199. QUADEIM ACULATU S . 

197 (755). Platynus caudatus Lee, New Sp., I, 1863, 7. 

Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-brown ; antennae and legs paler. Third 
joint of antennae nearly twice as long as fourth. Thorax elongate-ovate, 
side margins strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse. Elytral margin strongly 
reflexed, obliquely sinuate near apex ; striae almost obsolete ; alternate in- 
tervals with an irregular row of rather large shallow punctures. Length 
12.5 mm. 

Vigo and Lawrence counties ; very rare. May 17-May 25. Oc- 
curs beneath rubbish or flat stones near water. 

198 (759). Platynus hypolithus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

59 ; ibid. II, 482. 

Elongate, slender, large for the genus. Black, shining; legs and an- 
tennas pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half longer than wide, narrowed 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



123 



behind, margin strongly reflexed, basal impressions deep. Elytra elliptical ; 
striae moderately deep; intervals convex, the alternate ones with a row of 
rather large punctures on the sides. Length 13-15 mm. (Fig. 72.) 

Vigo, Putnam, Monroe and Franklin counties ; scarce. May 8- 
October 4. Occurs beneath stones in deep wooded ravines. 

199 (762). Platynus qijadrimaculatus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
XII, 1885, 130. 

Elongate-oval, slender. Antennae, legs and thorax reddish-yellow ; head 
and elytra black, the latter with basal third and large rounded subapical 
spot reddish-yellow. Thorax somewhat cordiform, a little longer than wide, 
narrowed at base, with an extremely narrow reflexed margin. Elytra oval, 




.big. T6. 

Fig. 72. X2;. (Original.) (After Horn.) 



broader behind ; intervals flat, the third with three very small dorsal punc- 
tures. Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 73.) 

Knox and Fosey counties; rare. April 20- April 25. Occurs 
beneath cover in moist localities.* 

P. angustatus Dej., 13-14 mm. in length, is said to inhabit the 
Middle and Southern States, and perhaps occurs in the hilly por- 
tion of southern Indiana. 

Group B. 

Composed of winged species, black or piceous in color, having 
the thorax strongly margined, basal impressions large and deep, 
hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Elytra one-half or more 
broader than thorax, truncate at base, more or less sinuate toward 
the extremity, the striag fine to deep, the second striae or third in- 
terval with three or four impressed punctures. 



*See Can. Ent. XXXVIII, 1906, p. 267. 



124 



FAMILY IT. — CARABIM. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF GKOEP B. 

a. Form rather broad: elytral strife deep. 
J). Black, shining; elytral intervals convex. 

c. Larger. 12-14 mm., more depressed: elytra more deeply sinuate 
behind : hind angles of thorax obtuse : side pieces of metathorax 
not punctured. 200. decexs. 

cc. Smaller. 11 mm.. less depressed; hind angles of thorax rectangu- 
lar; side pieces of metathorax punctured. 201. sintjatus. 
bJ). Subopaque; elytral intervals flat, the strife less deep: hind angles of 
thorax obtusely rounded. 202. opacelus. 
aa. Form slender; antennae and legs very long; elytral striae fine. 

d. Elytra each with three dorsal punctures; piceous brown, the margin 
of thorax not paler, 
e. Hind angles of thorax almost rounded; side margins strongly re- 
flexed only on basal half ; elytral intervals alutaceous. 

203. CINCTICOLLIS. 

ee. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, not rounded; side margins strongly 
reflexed their full length : legs and antennas pale reddish-brown ; 
intervals not alutaceous. 204. beflexe/s. 

dd. Elytra each with four or five dorsal punctures; dark reddish-brown, 
the margin of thorax translucent. 205. parmaegixates. 

200 (765). Platyxes decexs Say. Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc... II. 1S23. 53; 
ibid. II.. 477. 

Rather broad, depressed. Black: legs, antenna? and margin of thorax 
piceous. Thorax subcordate. narrowed behind, basal impressions punc- 
tured : hind angles obtuse, margin of moderate width, reflexed. Elytral 
striae deep, not or very obsoletely punctured; intervals convex, finely alu- 
taceous. Length 12-14 mm. 

Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. April K3- August 28. 
In this and the next two species the median line and front trans- 
verse impression of thorax are rather deep, the elytra more than 
one-half broader than thorax and slightly sinuate near their tips. 

201 (766). Platyxes sixeates Dej.. Spec. III. 
108. 

Resembles dec-ens but smaller, less depressed and 
mere shining. Basal impressions of thorax wider. 
Elytra less deeply striate, finely punctured; in- 
tervals less convex. Length 10.5-11 mm. (Fig. 
74.) 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 10- 
August 13. 

202 (767). Platyxes opaceles Lee. New Spec. 
N. Arner. Col.. I. 1863. 8. 

Rather slender, depressed. Dull piceous or sub- 
ig. 74. < 3. (Original.) opaque. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



125 



front and behind, the margin rather strongly reflexed ; basal impressions 
wide, deep, not punctured. Elytral striae shallow, not punctured ; intervals 
flat, alutaceous. Length 12-13 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties; rare. May 14-May 20. 

203 (769). Platynus cincticollis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

52; ibid. II, 476. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous black. Thorax widest at middle, more 
narrowed behind than in front, margins strongly reflexed near the hind 
angles; basal impressions deep, not punctured. Elytral strife not punc- 
tured ; intervals slightly convex. Length 9.5-11 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. Hibernates. February 9- 
October 29. 

204 (770). Platynus beflexus Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205. 

Resembles cincticollis in form. Distinguished readily by the lighter 
colored antenna? and legs. Thorax longer, more narrowed behind; side 
margins more strongly reflexed, as wide in front as towards the base; 
front angles more prominent. Elytral striae deeper; the intervals a little 
more convex. Length 9,5-11 mm. 

Laporte, Lawrence and Owen counties; frequent beneath rocks" 
along streams, especially those within but near the mouths of 
caves. April 15-November 8. 

205 (9272). Platynus paemaeginatus Ham., Can. Ent., XXV, 1893, 305. 
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-brown; antenna?, legs and 

margin of thorax lighter brown. Thorax about as wide as long, side mar- 
gins wide, strongly reflexed their full length; front angles prominent, ob- 
tusely rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions deep, finely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytral striae deep, not punctured ; intervals subconvex, 
the third with three or four punctures near the third stria and another 
near the apex of the second stria. Length 8-10 mm. 

Crawford and Jackson counties; scarce. Occurs beneath stones 
in channels or shallow ravines on the slopes of high wooded hills. 
May 16-September 24. 

Geoup C. 

The species of this group are winged, brownish, bluish or 
greenish in color, with base of antennas, legs and occasionally the 
thorax, reddish-yellow. The thorax is longer than wide, the mar- 
gin less strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Ely- 
tra elongate, about twice as wide as thorax, scarcely sinuate near 
apex, humeri broadly rounded, stria- deep but fine, the intervals 
nearly flat, the third with three to seven punctures. 



126 FAMILY IT. CAKABIDJE. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Color greenish or bluish, base of antennae, palpi and legs reddish-yel- 
low ; base of thorax not cylindrical. 
I). Basal impressions of thorax deep. 

c. Thorax with the basal half distinctly narrowed, the impressions 
long, curved ; color purplish or dull green. 

206. EXTENSICOLLIS. 

cc. Basal portion of thorax not distinctly narrowed, the impressions 
shorter, less curved ; thorax and elytra bright green. 

206a. var. viridis. 

hi). Basal impressions small, narrow; thorax and scutellum reddish-yel- 
low. 207. DECORUS. 
aa. Color piceous or reddish-brown; base of thorax subcylindrical ; elytral 
intervals convex, marked with a row of small punctures, each punc- 
ture bearing a fine hair. 208. pusillus. 

206 (772). Platynus extensicollis Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
54 ; ibid. II, 478. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish or bronzed, shining; 
elytra dull greenish or purplish. Base of thorax finely punctured, the im- 
pressions with a small, blunt tubercle on the outer side near the hind 
angles, the latter obtuse. Elytral striae shallow, not punctured; intervals 
slightly convex, alutaceous, the third with four or five small, remote punc- 
tures. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

Shores of Fish Lake, Steuben County ; frequent. Lake County 
by Wolcott, March 26-July 19. 

*206a (772b). Platynus extensicollis viridis Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 
IV, 1848, 222. 

Differs from the preceding mainly as mentioned in key. Head some- 
times blackish-green. Thorax with hind angles more rounded and the basal 
impressions without tubercles. Varies in depth of elytral striae and con- 
vexity of the intervals ; in some specimens the striae are finely punctured. 

Throughout the State ; rather common beneath rubbish in damp 
localities. Hibernates. February 21-November 28. 

*207 (773). Platynus decorus Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 53 ; ibid. II, 477. 

Elongate, slender, Head green or greenish-bronze ; 
thorax, scutellum, legs and base of antennae reddish- 
yellow ; elytra blackish, often green near margins. 
Thorax a little longer than wide, slightly narrowed 
at base, hind angles obtuse; elytral striae shallow, not 
punctured ; intervals slightly convex, finely alutaceous, 
distinctly punctured, the third with five to seven small 
dorsal punctures. Length 7.7-8.5 mm. (Fig. 75.) 

Throughout the State, but scarce. Hiber- 
Fig. 75. x 4. (Original.) nates. February 8-October 23. Occurs be- 




THE GEOUXD BEETLES. 



127 



neath old logs in dry. upland open woods. In two specimens the 
intervals are much more coarsely punctured, more convex and 
, strongly alutaceous. 

*208 (784). Platypus pusillus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 
1854. 39. 

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax pieeons. the elytra usually 
reddish-brown; antennae and legs light brown. Thorax long and cordate: 
base much narrowed, subcylindrical ; impressions elongate and narrow, 
hind angles rectangular; median line deep, surface sparsely and rather 
coarsely punctured. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, tips rounded, stria? 
deep and finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. January 21- 
September 11, 

Geovp D. 

A large group of winged species, usually black, the legs and an- 
tenna? sometimes of the same hue. more often piceous or reddish- 
brown. Thorax rounded, the margin usually slightly widened and 
reflexed toward the base, hind angles very obtuse or altogether 
rounded, basal impressions variable, either broad and shallow or 
deep and narrow, sometimes almost obsolete. Elytra often not 
much wider than thorax, humeri broadly rounded, the base trun- 
cate or subemarginate. tips rounded and hardly sinuate : intervals 
mostly flat, the third with three to seven punctures. Tarsi with 
distinct lateral but no medial grooves. 

KEY TO SPECLES OF GEOEP D. 

a. Thorax transversely oval or rounded, rarely subquadrate; elytra not 
deeply emarginate at base. 
l>. Either black (rarely bronzed), or green with disk of elytra cu- 
preous : hind angles of thorax usually much rounded. 
c. Dorsal punctures three. 
d. Antennas, and usually the legs, wholly black or piceous. 

e. Thorax with side margins wider and strongly reflexed near 
the base. 

f. Elytral stria? fine, the intervals flat. 
g. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rather distinct. 

211. MCEEENS. 

gg. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded. 212. texuis. 
ff. Elytral stria? deep, the intervals more or less convex. 

Ti. Elytral striae strongly punctured: hind angles entirely 
rounded. 213. collaris. 

lih. Elytral stria? not or feebly punctulate. 

?'. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded: elytral inter- 
vals distinctly convex. 214. atratus. 

[9—23402] 



128 



FAMILY IT. CABABIJ).E. 



ii. Hind angles very obtuse but distinct; elytral intervals 
feebly convex. 215. melaxarius. 

ec. Thorax with side margins only narrowly reflexed at the edge. 
j. All three dorsal punctures on third stria; hind angles en- 
tirely rounded. 217. corvus. 
,/'./. Second and third dorsal punctures near or on second stria. 
l\ Piceous or black above. 

I Thorax with hind angles somewhat distinct, basal im- 
pressions without a tubercle. 216. afeixis. 
U. Thorax with hind angles more rounded, impressions 
with a distinct tubercle. carbo. 
Jck. Metallic or blackish-bronzed above. 

m. Head, thorax and margin of elytra green, disk of elytra 
coppery. 218. cupripexxis. 

mm. Blackish-bronzed; dorsal punctures large, foveate. 

219. EXCAVATE/ S. 

dd. Four outer joints of antennae white : thighs dark, tibiae and tarsi 
yellowish. 224. albicrt/s. 

cc. Dorsal punctures four to seven : sides of thorax broader and more 
rerlexed behind. 

n. Dorsal punctures large, foveate: green, with disk of thorax 
and elytra bronzed, base of antennae and legs brown. 

225. OCTOPTJNCTATUS. 

tm. Dorsal punctures of usual size: base of antennae brown; sides 
of thorax rather strongly reflexed. 226. placidtjs. 

1)1). Either metallic or bronzed green, the elytra uniform in hue. 

o. Thorax at least one-third wider than long, the margins on basal 
half wider and distinctly reflexed. 
p. Elytral striae wholly without punctures ; second dorsal puncture 
near second stria and far behind the middle. 209. erraxs. 
pp. Elytral striae finely but distinctly punctulate : second dorsal 
puncture usually on third stria and near the middle. 

210. SE/BCORDATt/S. 

oo. Thorax not or very slightly wider than long, the margins narrow, 
not reflexed. 

q. Basal impressions deep, punctured; elytral striae strongly punc- 
tured ; elytra bronzed-black, tibiae and tarsi light brown. 

220. EERREE/S. 

qq. Basal impressions of thorax small. 
r. Elytral striae not punctured. 

s. Dorsal punctures three: legs yellow. 221. basalis. 

.<?.«?. Dorsal punctures five or six: legs reddish-yellow, thighs 
darker. 222. nutaxs. 

rr. Elytral striae punctured; dorsal punctures five. 

t. Thorax slightly wider than long. 223. steiatopunctatus. 
ft. Thorax longer than wide. crexulatus. 
aa. Thorax transverse, narrower behind, side margin narrow, basal impres- 
sions broad and shallow; elytra deeply emarginate at base, with three 
small dorsal punctures. 227. bogemaxni. 



THE GEOUXD BEETLES. 



129 



209 i F86). Platynus errans Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. HI. 1823, 

147: ibid. II, 94. 

Elongate-oval, rather broad. Head and thorax bluish-green, elytra 
with a brassy tinge: under surface black. Thorax one-third wider than 
long, much narrowed behind, hind angles rounded or obtuse. Elytral stria? 
narrow, shallow: intervals flat. Length 7-s mm. 

Lake County : rare. June 21. 

210 (786a). Platynus subcordatus Lee, Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 205. 
Differs from the preceding by the characters given in key and by hav- 
ing the thorax less narrowed behind and the basal impressions more dis- 
tinctly punctured. The elytra are proportionally broader, the intervals 
very slightly convex and more distinctly alutaceous. Length 7.5-S.5 mm. 

Northern third of State, frequent : Knox County, rare. May 
3-Oetober 17. Occurs beneath rubbish along the borders of lakes 
and marshes. Appears sufficiently distinct to take specific rank. 

211 (787). Platynus mcerexs Dej.: Spec. III. 1827, 152. 
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous black. Thorax subrotund. a 

little wider than long, basal impressions broad, shallow, hind angles ob- 
tusely rounded. Elytral striae not punctured, the second puncture on third 
interval close to second stria. Length S-8.5 mm. 

Starke. Vigo and Knox counties ; rare. July 6-Oetober 8. 

212 (788). Platynus tenuis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, 4S. 
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous or bronzed-black, shining. 

Thorax subrotund. wider than in the preceding, the margin more narrowly 
yet distinctly reflexed. the base and hind angles more rounded than in 
mcerens. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, broadly depressed behind 
the scutellum: stria? fine, not or very indistinctly punctured: intervals flat 
or slightly convex. Length 9-9.5 mm. 

Laporte, Marshall and Kosciusko counties, scarce; also in 
"Webster collection. August 17-October 29. In this and the next 
three species the second dorsal puncture is on or near the third 
stria. 

213 ( 789). Platynus coliaris Say. Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc.. IV. 1S34. 

470; ibid. II. 534. 

Elongate-oval. Black with a tinge of purple.' shining : tibia? and tarsi 
piceous. Thorax subquadrate. wider than long, the margins narrow in 
front broader and strongly reflexed toward the hind angles, which are 
very obtuse. Elytra with acutely impressed stria?, strongly and regularly 
punctured; intervals flat. Length S.T-9.5 mm. 

Described from Posey County: more common southward. I 
have not seen a specimen from the State. 



130 



FAMILY IT. — CAKABIDJE. 



214 ( 790). Platynus atratus Lec.. Agass. Lake Sup.. 1S50. 205. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Black, shining; apical portion of an- 
tenna? and tarsi piceous. Thorax snbrotund, a little wider than long, the 
reflexed margin but little wider toward the base; basal impressions deep 
with a small tubercle. Elytra but little wider than thorax, the stria? very 
finely or obsolete]? punctate; intervals distinctly convex. Length 8-9 mm. 

Steuben. Laporte and Kosciusko counties; frequent, August 
M- August 28. A member of the boreal fauna. 

*215 (791). PiATYxrs melaxarius Dej.. Spec. III. 1S27. 152. 

Elongate-oval, rather broad. Black, shining: tibia?, tarsi and basal 
joint of antennae dark reddish-brown. Thorax subrotund, as wide as long, 
the margin wider and more strongly reflexed toward the base ; depressions 
large, with a distinct rugosity or tubercle near the angle. Elytra distinctly 
wider than thorax, the striae of moderate depth, finely punctate. Length 
S. 5-9.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 1- 
October 12. 

216 (794). Platynus affixis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer.. IV, 1S37. 27. 
Elongate-oval, rather broad. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax sub- 
rotund, a little wider than long, side margins narrow, scarcely reflexed 
toward the hind angles, which are obtuse: depressions wide, shallow and 
without a tubercle. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, stria? shallow, not 
punctured, the fifth usually with a dilated shallow impression near the 
apex; intervals flat. Length S.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake. Starke and Kosciusko counties ; scarce. Occurs along The 
sandy beaches of lakes. April 9-October 24. 

P. carlo Lee. length 8-9 mm., was described from Lake Su- 
perior and may possibly occur in northern Indiana. 

217 (796). Platyxi s corvus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1S60. 319. 
Elongate-oval; rather broad. Piceous black, shining. Thorax slightly 

broader than long, sides rounded into base ; margins rather broad, narrowly 
retlexed; basal depressions wide, shallow, without a trace of tubercles. 
Elytra oblong, much wider than thorax ; strke rather deep, not punctured : 
intervals slightly convex, alutaceous. Length 9.5 mm. 

Laporte and Kosciusko counties ■ rare. October 21-October 22. 
Taken beneatli rubbish along the beach of lakes. Our only species 
having all three dorsal punctures on third stria. A member of the 
boreal fauna. 

218 (800). Platyxus cupripexxis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 1823. 

50; ibid. II. 474. 

Elongate, rather broad. Green, strongly polished; disk of elytra cu- 
preous; under surface blackish-bronzed. Thorax longer than wide, the 



THE GEOUXD BEETLES. 



131 



depressions narrow, and shallow. Elytra] striae tine, not punctured: in- 
tervals flat. Length 7.5-9.5 mm. i Fig. 78. ) 

Throughout the northern part of the State: frequent. Not 
taken south of Vigo County. Hibernates. January 6-Xovem- 
ber 24. 

219 (802). Platthus excatatus Dej., Spec. III. 1827, 169. 

Elongate, rather slender. Piceous bronzed, shining; base of antennae 
and legs dull reddish-brown. Thorax about as long as wide, but slightly 
narrowed behind, sides regularly rounded: basal impressions narrow, deep, 
punctured; hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytra! striae fine, not or in- 
distinctly punctured: intervals fiat. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Lake,. Laporte. Marion. Putnam and Vigo counties; frequent. 
April 4-Oetober 17. Occurs on sand and gravel bars of lakes and 
streams. The dorsal punctures are larger than in any of our spe- 
cies except octopunctatus, the first near third stria, the other two 
near second. 

220 (803). Platyxus febbeus Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. SeL, I. 299. 
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish-black : antennae piceous. 

Thorax oval, nearly as long as wide, sides rounded, hind angles obtuse. 
Elytral stria- deep and strongly punctured on basal half : more faint and 
less distinctly punctured towards the apex. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Clarion. Lawrence. Knox and Posey counties: one specimen 
from each. March 21-Augnst 28. Occurs near water. 

221 (804). Platyxus basaeis Lee. Ann. Lye. IT. 1848. 227. 
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed : elvtra bronzed 

green., shining; antennae piceous. the basal joints and legs reddish-yellow. 
Thorax a little longer than wide, narrowed toward the base, hind 'angles 
rounded; basal impressions small, deep, finely punctata Elytral stria? 
rather deep ; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 rum. 

Vigo and Posey counties : scarce. Hibernates. May 21-Decem- 
ber 18. The dorsal punctures are small and the second and third 
vary much in position, though LeConte says they are placed on the 
second stria. Resembles extensicoUis but the basal impressions of 
thorax much shorter, rounded instead of elongate, the margin not 
wider at base. 

*222 ( 805 ). Platyxus xutaxs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II. 1823, 52: 
ibid. II. 176. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax bronzed green; elvtra blackish- 
green or cupreous. Thorax oval, a little longer than wide! margin nar- 
rowly reflexed. more strongly toward the hind angles, which are rounded ■ 



132 



FAMILY IT. OAEABIDiE. 



basal impressions rather dee]), smooth. Elytral striae very line; intervals 
nearly flat, finely alutaceous ; fourth and fifth dorsal punctures on or near 
the second stria, the others near the third. Length 7-8 mm. 

Frequent in the northern half of the State ; not taken south of 
Putnam and Vigo counties. Hibernates. January 7-October 26. 

223 (806). Platynus stbiatopunctatus Dei., Spec. Ill, 1827, 167. 
Elongate, rather slender. Bronzed black or piceous, shining; first 

joint of antenme and legs dark reddish-yellow. Thorax oval, sides rounded 
into base ; margins slightly wider and more strongly reflexed toward the 
base than in nutans; impressions deep, finely and sparsely punctured. 
Elytral stria? moderately deep, distinctly punctured ; intervals slightly con- 
vex, alutaceous, the third with five or six punctures. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Knox, Dubois ; and Posey counties ; scarce. April 

18-September 3. 

224 (S07). Platynus albicrus Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827, 158. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous, feebly bronzed, shining. Thorax sub- 
quadrate, slightly longer than wide, margin of basal half wider and more 
reflexed, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions narrow, deep, not punc- 
tured. Elytral stria? rather deep, not punctured; intervals moderately 
convex, distinctly alutaceous, the third with three dorsal punctures. Length 
6.5-7.5 mm. 

Knox County; rare. Two specimens from the margins of the 
cypress swamp. July 4- July 9. 

*225 (814). Platynus octopunctatus Fab., Ent. Syst. 
Suppl., 1798, 55; Say, II, 476. 
Elongate, rather slender. Color above as given in key ; 
under surface shining blackish-green. Thorax wider than 
long, sides rounded into base, very finely margined; 
basal impressions small, deep, not punctured. Elytral 
stria? fine, not or indistinctly punctured ; intervals nearly 
flat, alutaceous, the third with four (rarely three or 
five) punctures, each set in a large quadrate impression. 
Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 76.) 

Lake, Porter, Putnam and Dubois counties, rare: 
Fig. 76, x 4. Vigo County, frequent. Hibernates. February 
14-November 4. Occurs on slopes of sparsely 
wooded hills, usually in sandy localities. 

22<; (815). Platynus placidus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 43; 
ibid. II, 469. 

Elongate, moderately broad. Head and thorax greenish-black; elytra 
bluish-black, subopaque. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long; 
basal impressions wide and rather shallow. Elytral stria? very fine, not 
punctured; intervals slightly convex, distinctly alutaceous; dorsal punc- 
tures five or six, the apical two on second stria, the others on or near 
third. Length 7.5-9 mm. 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



133 



Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. Gregarious in 
cold weather. January 1-November 24. 

P. crenulatus Lee., 5.5-6 mm. in length, is a member of the 
Austroriparian fauna, which may occur in the southern counties. 

*227 (821). Platynus bogemanni Gyll., Ins. Suec., Ill, 1810, 697; obso- 
lete Say, II. 481, 

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax heart-shaped, 
wider before the middle, rounded to a narrow base. Elytra oblong, twice 
as wide as thorax, stria? very fine or obsolete, not punctured ; third inter- 
val with three very small dorsal punctures. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Lake, Putnam and Vigo counties ; scarce. Hibernates. Janu- 
ary 14- July 28. 

Group E. 

A small group of winged species in which the thorax is rounded 
oval or slightly eordiform, narrowiy margined, hind angles obtuse 
or rounded, basal impressions usually deep and punctiform; elytra 
nearly or quite twice as wide as thorax, with punctured stria? and 
three (rarely four) dorsal punctures placed along the middle of 
the third interval. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP E. 

a. Tarsal grooves present. 

b. Piceous bronze: stria? of elytra very fine; tarsal grooves on first 

j° int 228. .ERUGINOSUS. 

M). Black, legs brown; stria? feebly punctured; tarsal grooves on first 
and second joints. 232. punctiformis. 

da. Tarsal grooves wanting. 

c. Black or dark reddish-brown ; base of antennas palpi, legs and sides 

of elytra brownish-yellow. 229. limbatus. 

cc. Black, legs reddish-yellow or reddish-brown. 

d. Elytral stria? coarsely punctured; larger, 7.5-8 mm. 

230. CRENISTRIATUS. 

dd. Elytral stria? finely punctured; smaller, 6.2-7 mm. 

231. RUBRIPES. 

*228 (824). Platynus ^ruginosus Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827. 168. 

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous ; antenna?, elytra and 
legs dark brown, bronzed, shining. Thorax oval, convex, very narrowly 
margined: basal impressions very small or obsolete. Elytra oval, convex, 
emarginate at base ; stria? finely punctate : intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. Occurs in damp localities. 
Hibernates. April 3-December 18. 

229 (825). Platynus limbatts Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc. II. 1823. 49: 
ibid. II. 473. 

Elongate, rather robust. Color as given in key. Thorax subrotund. 
margin very narrow, hind angles wholly rounded ; basal impressions small, 



134 



FAMILY IT. OAKABIDJE. 



circular, deep. Elytra! strlse moderately deep, distinctly punctured; in- 
tervals slightly convex. Length 8.5 mm. 

Rare. A southern species, one specimen of which was taken 
near Cannelton, Perry County, May 14. 

230 (826). Platynus crentstriatus Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 9. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; base of antennae and legs 
reddish-yellow. Thorax oval, a little longer than wide, narrowed on basal 
half; basal impressions small, deep. Elytral striae deep, strongly punc- 
tured; intervals one to four distinctly convex, the others nearly flat. Length 
7.5-8 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent; scarce in the northern coun- 
ties. Probably hibernates. March 7-July 28. 

*231 (827). Platynus rubripes Zimrn., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 1869, 
244. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; palpi and antennae brownish- 
yellow ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax almost as long as wide, sides rounded 
into base; impressions broad, shallow with a small deep fovea. Elytral 
stria? deep, finely but distinctly punctured ; intervals slightly convex. Length 
6.2-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates, January 5-Oc- 
tober 1. A smaller species than the preceding; with darker legs 
and more finely punctured strias. 

*232 (828). Platynus punctiformis Say, Trans. 

Amer. Phil. Soc, III, 1823, 58; ibid. 
II, 481, 536. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; base of 
antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown; femora pice- 
ous. Thorax subrotund, convex, narrowly margined, 
hind angles rounded ; basal impressions shallow, with 
a large, round, deep fovea. Elytra rather deeply stri- 
ate, very nnely and distinctly punctuate only on basal 
half; intervals subconvex, finely alutaceous. Length 
7-9 mm. (Fig. 77.) 
Fi g . 77. x4. (Original.) Throughout the State; frequent. February 
13-October 14. Larger and broader than rubripes, with still more 
finely punctured striae. 

Group F. 

Winged species of slender form, black or piceous in color with 
base of antennae and legs yellow or reddish-brown ; thorax oval with 
margin narrowly reflexed, becoming broader toward the hind 
angles, which are rounded and indistinct ; basal impressions narrow, 
sometimes nearly obsolete. Elytra elongate-oval, twice as wide as 




THE GK0UXT) BEETLES. 



135 



thorax, emarginate at base and obliquely subtruneate at tip, the 
striae fine; intervals fiat, the third with four to six dorsal punctures. 
Tarsal grooves indistinct. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP P. 

a. Thorax narrower behind, the side margins more widely reflexed to- 
ward the base : antennae with joints 5 to 11, paler. 

233. RUFICORXTS. 

aa. Thorax elongate-oval, the side margins uniformly narrow. 

6. Antennae piceous ; size larger. 7-7.5 mm. 236. gemellus. 

t/b. Antennae brownish-yellow ; smaller. 5-6.5 mm. 

c. Thorax black. 234. pictpexxis. 

cc. Thorax brownish-yellow. 235. lutulextus. 

233 (831). Platynus euficoexis Lee. Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 205. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra piceous. shining; 
antennae and legs brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, distinctly longer than 
wide, hind angles rounded: basal impressions broad, rather shallow. Ely- 
tra! striae hue. not punctured: intervals fiat, the third with five or six 
small dorsal punctures, the first three on the third stria, the others on the 
second. Length 7-8 mm. 

Frequent along the margin of Tippecanoe Lake. Kosciusko 
County ; Lake and Posey counties ; scarce. March 26-Oetober 21. 

*234 (834). Platyxus picipexxis Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer.. IV. 1837, 25. 

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax black: antennae, legs and 
elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, about as long as wide; margin nar- 
row, hind angles rounded: basal impressions narrow, shallow. Elytra 
elongate, elliptical, the striae of moderate depth, not punctured : intervals 
nearly flat, the third with tour to six dorsal punctures. Length 6-7 mm. 

Lake. Vigo, Posey and Kosciusko counties ; frequent. January 
1-October 17. Gregarious in winter. 

*235 (835). Platyxus luttjlentus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. VII. 
1854. 51. 

Elongate, very slender. Head black ; remainder of body brownish-yel- 
low, shining. Thorax more finely margined, basal impressions smaller and 
less distinct, and elytral striae finer than in the preceding. Dorsal punc- 
tures four, larger than in picipennis, the first two on third stria, the others 
on second. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. Hibernates. Sometimes at- 
tracted by electric lights. January 21-Deeember 23. 

236 (833). Platyxus gemellus Lee. Bull. Brook. Eut. Soc. II. 1879, 54. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous; head and thorax often darker: epipleura. 
legs and base of antenme dark reddish-brown. Thorax oval, one-third 
longer than wide, side margins very narrow, hind angles obsolete: basal 



136 



FAMILY II. CAKABIM. 



impressions long, curved and shallow, not punctured. Elytral strife very 
line, not punctured ; intervals flat ; dorsal punctures four, the first and sec- 
ond on third stria, the others on second stria. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. About twenty specimens taken by Wol- 
eott near Wolf Lake. March 26. 

XXXIII. Oltsthopus Dej. 1825. (G-r., " slippery + foot. " ) 

Small piceous or brownish beetles of the tribe Platynini, having 
the claws of the tarsi entire and the mentum without a tooth. But 
t wo species are as yet known in the United States, one of which oc- 
curs in Indiana. They are briefly treated by 

LeConie.—Vrov. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1854, 58. 

Horn.— Bull, Brook. Entonf. Soc. V. 1882, 63. 

*237 (839). Olisthopi s parmatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
49; ibid. II. 474. 537. 
Rather broad, subdepressed. Head and thorax black ; base of an- 
tennae, edge of thorax, legs and basal half of elytra dull brownish-yellow; 
apical portion of elytra darker. Thorax rounded, one-half wider than long, 
sides broadly rounded into base, margin very narrow, basal impressions 
small and narrow. Elytral striae rather fine, not punctured; intervals 
slightly convex, the third with three very small dorsal punctures. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, scarce ; Lake County only in the north. 
January 6 -November 7. The elytra are sometimes almost wholly 
brownish-yellow. 

XXXIV. Perigona Lap. 1837. (Gr., "around + angle.") 

Very small piceous or brownish beetles, having the labrum 
square and flat; mentum deeply emarginate and without a tooth; 
antenna? rather stout beyond the third joint, which is of the same 
length as the second. The genus is treated by 

Horn.— Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. XIX. 1892, 44. 

One species has been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF PEEIGONA. 

a. Head alone piceous ; elytra slightlj' oblong, nigriceps. 
aa. Head and thorax piceous; elytra oval and more convex. 

238. PALLIPENNIS. 

P. nigriceps Dej.. length 2.5 mm., is recorded from Cincinnati. 

23S (9280). Perigona pallipexxis Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853. 
386. 

Oblong-oval. Head and thorax piceous; elytra dull reddish-brown; an- 
tennae and legs pale yellow. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long; 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



137 



sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse. Elytra oval, more than one-half 
wider than thorax, convex, faintly striate, the eighth stria entire: third 
interval with three minute punctures. Length 2.3-2.7 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 29-November 28. Oc- 
curs beneath rubbish in dry open woodlands. 

Tribe IX. ANCHONODERINI. 

Head oval or rounded, not prolonged or constricted to a narrow 
neck; antennae slender. Thorax more or less cordiform, the side 
margins distinct and with a bristle-bearing puncture on each side 
in front of the middle, and another near the hind angle. Elytra 
feebly margined at base, rounded at apex, without dorsal punc- 
tures in our species. Scutellum and scutellar stria distinct. Body 
above pubescent. Hind coxa? contiguous. Two genera may occur 
in Indiana, though representatives of but one have so far been 
taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANCHONODERINI. 

a, Antenna? with four basal joints glabrous. Thorax ovate, the second 
bristle-bearing puncture in front of the hind angle: last joint of palpi 
conical. Euphortices. 
ud. Antenme with three basal joints glabrous. Thorax cordate, margin 
a<?ute. the second puncture in the hind angle. XXXY. Atkanus. 

Enphorticus pubescens Dej-.', black, shining and 5 mm. in length, 
has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati and doubtless occurs in 
the southern third of the State. 

XXXV. Atranus Lec. 1848. (Gr., "dull or indistinct.") 

This genus is represented in the United States by a single small 
species having the thorax slightly broader than head; elytra mar- 
gined at base, the tips rounded and surface striate. 
230 (845). Ateanus pubescens Dej.. Spec. III. 1S27. 122. 

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous; antennae, mouth parts, legs and 
abdomen pale reddish-brown. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly curved, 
hind angles and median impressed line distinct. Elytral striae rather deep ; 
intervals convex, each with two or three irregular rows of minute punc- 
tures, bearing fine yellow hairs. Length 6—7.5 mm. 

Vigo. Knox and Posey counties : scarce. April 10-October 20. 
Occurs beneath coA T er in open sandy woodland. Eesembles Plaiy- 
nus pvsiUus very much in form, but darker in color and with the 
elytra rounded, not sinuate at tip. 

Tribe X. CTEXODACTYLTXI. 

Antenna? slender, base free, three basal joints glabrous, first 
joint stouter, as long as the next two: .joints three to 11. equal or 



138 FAMILY II. CAKABIDJE. 

nearly so. Head rhomboidal, prolonged behind the eyes and nar- 
rowed to a very slender neck. Mental deeply emarginate, toothed. 
Thorax elongate, narrower than head, the margins very feeble ; sides 
with a bristle-bearing puncture near the middle and another at 
hind angle. Elytra oblong-oval, not margined at base, side mar- 
gins distinct and entire, tips rounded. Tarsi alike in both sexes, 
the first joint as long as the next two, Avhich are oval, the fourth 
broad, deeply bilobed. Males with one seta on each side of apex of 
last ventral segment; females with two. The tribe is represented 
in the United States by a single genus. 

XXXVI. Leptotrachelus Latr. 1802. (Gr., " slender + tho- 

rax.") 

Thorax narrow, elongate. Ligula entire, slender, usually nar- 
rowed in front. But one species and a variety occur in the United 
States. The former is found in Indiana. 

240 (846). Leptotrachp:lus dorsalis Fab., Syst. EL, I, 229; Say, II, 447. 

Elongate, very slender. Head and usually the thorax piceous; an- 
tennae, legs and elytra brownish-yellow the latter with a piceous stripe 
along the suture. Thorax subcylindrical, one-half longer than wide, finely 
and sparsely punctured near base and apex. Elytral strise rather deep, 
with close, distinct punctures ; intervals convex, the third with three small 
punctures. Length 7-8 mm. 

Lake, Wells and Spencer counties; one specimen from each. 
May 14-May 28. Occurs on low herbs in open woods and probably 
inhabits the entire State. 

Tribe XI. ODAOA NTIIINI. 

Antennae slender, free at base, first joint as long as the next two, 
three basal joints glabrous. Head oval, elongate, prolonged behind 
the eyes and narrowed to a neck. Thorax narrow, the margin 
feeble or entirely obliterated, sides with a seta near the middle and 
a second, often feeble, at hind angles. Elytra oblong-oval, base not 
margined, sides narrowly inflexed, apex truncate. Tarsi slender, 
rarely flattened, the fourth joint entire or feebly emarginate ; claws 
simple. The tribe is represented in the United States by a single 
o'enus. 

XXXVII. Casnonia Latr. 1806. (Gr., "to look toward + noth- 

ing. ") 

Very slender beetles, having the bristle-bearing punctures of 
the second stria of elytra indistinct and rarely more than four in 
number. One species occurs in the State. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



139 



*241 (847). Casnonta pennsylvanica Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 620; Say, II, 
447. 

Head and. thorax black; elytra dull red with three spots, forming an 
interrupted transverse band, and the apex black ; antennae dusky, the three 
basal joints reddish ; legs pale, the knees dusky or black. Thorax cylin- 
drical or nearly so, broader at base than apex. Elytra ovate, the striae 
coarsely punctured on basal half. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 80.) 

Throughout the State ; common. January 30-October 21. Oc- 
curs beneath logs, leaves, etc., along fence rows and borders of 
woods. A unique and easily known insect. 




Fig. 81. Fig. 80. Fig. 79. Fig. 78. 

(After Packard.) 



Tribe XII. DRY FT IN I. 

Antenna? tapering gradually to a point, free at base. Head 
constricted at a variable distance behind the eyes to a narrow neck ; 
front narrowed before the eyes, Mention deeply emarginate ; max- 
illary palpi moderately long, the terminal joint more or less trian- 
gular. Thorax often moderately long, the side margins acute, the 
setae at hind angle usually absent. Elytra not margined at base, 
side margins acute, entire ; apex truncate, dorsal punctures absent. 
Prosternum not prolonged ; hind coxa? contiguous. The males have 
the front tarsi dilated, sometimes very slightly, and densely pu- 
bescent beneath. Representatives of one genus have been taken in 
Indiana, while a single species of another doubtless occurs in the 
southern counties. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DRYPTINI. 

a. Head elongate-oval, prolonged behind the eyes; neck inserted in thorax 
by a semigiobular condyle ; clypeus with two bristle-bearing punc- 
tures each side ; larger, 17 or more mm. XXXVIII. Galerita. 
an. Head triangular, scarcely prolonged behind the eyes, very suddenly con- 
stricted to a narrow, cylindrical neck ; clypeus with but one punc- 
ture on each side, the seta long; smaller, not over 5 mm. Zuphium. 



140 



FAMILY IT. CABABIDJE. 



XXXVIII. Galebita Fab. 1801. (L., "a helmet.") 

Pubescent beetles of medium size and graceful form, having the 
head and elytra black or bluish-black, the thorax cordiform, red- 
dish-brown. Head elongate-oval, strongly constricted behind ; neck 
slender; first joint of antennre elongate. Elytra oval, broadly 
obliquely truncate behind, finely striate. They occur beneath 
cover, along fence rows and in open woodlands and are often at- 
tracted in great numbers by electric lights. Dr. Forbes dissected 
17 specimens of G. janus and found that 88 per cent of their food 
consisted of cankerworms and other injurious forms, the canker- 
worms alone making up 52 per cent. A synoptic table of the genus 
is given by 

Leconte— Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, II, 1879, 61. 
Five species of the genus are known from the United States, 
two of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GALERITA. 

a. Plead behind the eyes strongly rounded; pubescence of elytra uniform, 
obliquely decumbent. 242. janus. 

aa. Sides of head longer behind, oblique and less rounded; pubescence of 
elytra erect near the scutellum. 243. bicoloe. 

242 (851). Galebita janus Fab., Syst Eleut, I, 1801, 36; Say, II, 446. 

Elongate-oval. Black, densely clothed with short hairs ; legs, palpi, 
thorax and base of antennas reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer thau 
wide, the margin reflexed at hind angles, which are rectangular. Elytral 
stria? fine, not punctured ; intervals flat, finely, transversely rugose. Length 
17-22 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 21-August 14. 

*243 (853). Galerita bicoloe Drury, Ins., I, 1770, 94. 

Very similar to the preceding. Distinguished by the char- 
acters given in key and by its usually smaller size and 
\ smoother elytra. The latter are more often blue-black than 
black. Length 17-21 mm. (Fig. 82.) 

C\ Throughout the State; common. January 1-Octo- 
ber 12. A pair were found mating on May 23. 

Zuphhim am.ericanum Dej. has been taken by Dury 
near Cincinnati. It is a small, slender brown form, 
living under flat stones and runs very rapidly when 
(Original.) * uncovered. 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



141 



Tribe XIII. LEBIINI. 

Antennae slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge, 
the three basal joints usually glabrous. Head oval, constricted to 
a neck or not. Mentum more or less emarginate, toothed or not ; 
palpi variable, the terminal joint equal to or longer than the pre 
ceding, the latter with two set* in front. Thorax variable in form, 
sides distinctly margined and with a seta on each side and at basal 
angle. Elytra truncate at tip, the margin acute, entire and nar- 
rowly inflexed. Prosternum usually obtuse at tip ; hind coxae con- 
tiguous. 

The following papers treat of the genera composing the tribe : 

Horn. — " Revision of the Species of Lebia of the United States" 
in Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1872, 130-142. 

Horn. — "Synoptic Tables" of most of the genera, in Bull. 
Brook. Ent. Soc, II, 1880, 86; IV, 1881, 39-44; 53-55. 

Horn.— ' Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini ' ' in Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc, X, 1882, 126-163. 

The tribe is a large one, embracing no less than 21 genera in the 
United States fauna, Of these, 14 are represented in the collection 
from Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LEBIINI. 

a. Tibial spurs very long. 

b. Head not constricted behind the eyes ; tarsal claws in our species 

with fine, short teeth ; tibial spurs with fine teeth. 

XXXIX. TEtragonoderus. 
&6. Head constricted ; tarsal claws with long teeth ; tibial spurs simple. 

Nemotarsus. 

aa. Tibial spurs short or at most moderate in length. 

c. Mandibles with distinct grooves on outer side. 

d. Head constricted behind the eyes. XL. Lebia. 

dd. Head not constricted. 

e. Labrum large, prominent, covering in great part the mandibles ; 
antenna? with three basal joints glabrous ; elytra dark bluish- 
green. XLI. Coptodera. 
ee. Labrum moderate, not large. 

f. Tarsi slender, fourth joint entire. 
p. Labial palpi slender ; color black or piceous. 
h. Thorax truncate at base. 

i. Mentum not toothed ; claws of tarsi serrate ; length 6- 

7.5 mm. XLI I. Dromius. 

ii. Mentum toothed ; claws of tarsi simple ; smaller, not 

over 4 mm. XLIII. Apristus. 

hh. Thorax slightly lobed at base; claws of tarsi serrate; 
length less than 4 mm. 
j. Mentum not toothed. XLIV. Blechrus. 



142 



FAMILY II. CARABIDJE. 



• ././. Mentum with a small emarginate tooth. 

XLV. Metabletls. 

gg. Labial palpi thick, oval ; claws of tarsi more or less serrate ; 
length 3 mm. XLVI. Axinopalpes. 

ff. Tarsi with the fourth joint emarginate or bilobed ; tarsal claws 
serrate. 

k. Thorax truncate at base ; mentum toothed. 

/. Tarsi with fourth joint bilobed: elytra blue or green. 

XLVI I. Callida. 

It. Tarsi with fourth joint emarginate. 
m. Tarsi not hairy above ; size medium. 7-11 mm. 

n. Last joint of labial palpi more or less triangular or 
hatchet-shaped; thorax with sides rather widely 
margined near base, which is squarely truncate. 

XLVIII. Plocttionus. 
nn. Last joints of -both palpi similar, more or less cylin- 
drical, truncate. XLIX. Ptnacodkra. 
mm. Tarsi hairy above; next to last joint of labial palpi 
usually with more than two setae; length 10-15 mm. 

L. Cymindis. 

kk. Thorax lobed at middle of base : tarsi hairy above ; last joint 
of labial palpi hatchet-shaped. LI. Apexes. 

cc. Mandibles without grooves on outer side; mentum not toothed: 
fourth tarsal joint not dilated; claws simple. 

LIT. Pentagoxica. 

XXXIX. Tetragonoderus Dej. 1825. (Gr., "four + angled.") 

Small piceous or brownish-yellow beetles, separated from allied 
genera mainly by the characters given in key. One species has 
been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TETRAGONODERUS. 

a. Elytra in great part piceous; legs and outer joints of antenna? piceous: 
presternum margined at tip. ixtersectus. 
aa. Elytra more brownish-yellow than piceous; legs and antennas wholly 
brownish-yellow ; presternum not margined. 244. fasciates. 

T. intersectus Germ.. 5-6 mm. in length, has been taken in Ken- 
tucky and the Gulf States, and perhaps occurs in southern Indiana. 

244 (866). Tetragonoderes fasctatus Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Set., 
I. 1842, 298. 

Ovate, subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous. bronzed, minutely alu- 
taceous; elytra grayish or dull yellow, with a semicircular space about the 
scutellum. a broad irregular broken band at middle, and the apical fourth 
piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides curved, hind angles dis- 
tinct; disk smooth, the median line distinct. Elytra oval, rather deeply 
striate, the stria? not punctured ; intervals convex, the third with two small 
dorsal punctures. Males with three joints of the front tarsi dilated and 
clothed with small scales beneath; last ventral notched at middle of hind 
margin. Length 4.5 mm. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



143 



Throughout the State; frequent, April 19-September 27. Oc- 
curs beneath logs, chips, etc., only in sandy localities, where its hues 
blend with the surroundings in such a manner as to make it visible 
only when it moves. This it usually does not do for some time 
after its cover is removed. 

Nemotarsus elegans Lee, 5-5.5 mm. in length, brownish-yellow, 
the elytra piceous with an oval spot near the base and the apex 
paler, has been taken in Illinois and Maryland and doubtless occurs 
in Indiana. 

XL. Lebia Latr. 1802. (Gr., "shallow or thin.") 
Small, rather broad-bodied beetles, usually prettily variegated 
in hue, possessing the characters of the tribe and known from al- 
lied genera by the short tibial spurs, the groove on the outer side 
of mandible, and by the head being constricted into a neck. The 
thorax is but little wider than the head, much narrower than elytra, 
while the tarsal claws are pectinate or comb-shaped. The elytral 
striae are, in most species, smooth. 

They occur beneath stones and leaves, or in summer upon the 
foliage and flowers of plants, where they feed upon plant lice and 
other injurious forms ; the pectinate structure of their tarsal claws 
enabling them to easily cling to the hairs or other inequalities of 
the foliage. 

About 36 species are known from the United States, 15 of 
which have been taken in Indiana, while four others doubtless oc- 
cur. For convenience they are separated into three groups and 
these in turn into species. 

KEY TO INDIANA GKOUPS OF LEBIA. 

a. Front tarsi of male somewhat obliquely dilated; both head and thorax 
(except in tricolor) reddish-yellow, elytra wholly dark blue or green. 

Group A. 

aa. Front tarsi of male not obliquely dilated; both head and thorax not 
reddish-yellow, or if so, elytra not wholly blue. 
6. Mentum with a distinct tooth : elytra without pale stripes. 

Group B. 

Kb. Mentum not toothed: elytra with pale stripes (except in abclomi- 
nalis). Group G. 

Group A. 

This group, to which the subgeneric name Loxopeza is some- 
times applied, includes all the larger species with metallic green or 
blue elytra. Two of its six forms have been taken in the State 
and one other perhaps occurs. 

[10—23402] 



144 



FAMILY II.— CARABIBJE. 




KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Head and thorax reddish-yellow-; elytra wholly dark blue. 
6. Elytra deeply striate ; antennae pale ; length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

245. GEANDIS. 

66. Elytra finely striate ; three basal joints only of antennae pale ; length 
6-7 mm. 246. atriventris. 

aa. Head black, thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra greenish-blue, deeply striate ; 
outer joints of antennae darker ; length 7-8.5 mm. tricolor. 

*245 (872). Lebia grandis Hentz., Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc., Ill, 1824, 58. 
Ovate, subeonvex. Color given in key; under sur- 
face and legs pale brownish-yellow; abdomen black. 
Head finely wrinkled, very sparsely and finely punctate. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, margin broad; 
disk with fine "transverse wrinkles and distinct im- 
pressed median line. Elytra finely alutaceous. Length 
8.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 83.) 

Throughout the State, common in the south- 
ern half; less so northward. February 8-De- 
cember 20. Occurs especially in open woodland 
and with the next hibernates beneath partly 

Fig. 83. (Alter Comstock.) . , n ,, 

Lower figure shows natural size, buried logs and other cover. 

*24G (873). Lebia atriventris Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 13; 
ibid. II, 444. 

Resembles the preceding but a third or more smaller. Elytra darker 
blue; palpi, tarsi and apical two-thirds of antennae piceous. Elytral striae 
very finely punctured ; intervals flat. Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 29-December 29. 
L. tricolor Say may yet be found in eastern Indiana, its range 
being given as Middle States northward to Canada. 

Group B. 

This group comprises the true forms of Lebia as denned by La- 
treille. About 17 species and several varieties are known from 
North America. Of these the following have been taken, or per- 
haps occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Thorax coarsely and rather densely punctured; head, thorax and basal 
third of elytra reddish-yellow; apical portion of elytra blue; length 
8 mm. divisa. 
aa. Thorax not, or very finely, punctate ; elytra not colored as above ; length 
less than 7 mm. 
d. Elytra with fine or very shallow striae. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



145 



c. Tarsal claws serrate rather than pectinate; palpi stout: elytra 
brownish-yellow with two bluish bands; length 6-7 mm. 

PULCHELLA. 

cc. Tarsal claws pectinate, their teeth longer and not directed oblique- 
ly outward. 
d. Head smooth or very feebly punctured. 

e. Uniform greenish-black; legs pale yellow ; length 5 mm. 

247. RHODOPUS. 

ee. Color not black. 

/. Elytra either wholly blue, green or olivaceous. 
(j. Head, thorax and elytra of one color. 

h. Greenish or bluish ; legs black ; length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

248. viridis. 

hh. Olivaceous green ; legs pi ceo as brown or paler ; length 
3-3.5 mm. 249. pumila. 

gg. Body above not unicolored. 

i. Head and thorax reddish-yellow ; abdomen black ; length 

6.5-7.5 mm. pleuritica. 
ii. Head greenish-black; thorax and entire body beneath 
pale red ; elytra bright green. 250. viridipennis. 
ff. Elytra piceous, ornate with pale spots. 251. ornata. 

dd. Head coarsely punctured between the eyes; elytra piceous 
spotted with brownish-yellow nearly as in ornata; length 3- 
3-7 mm. 252. lobulata. 

W. Elytra deeply striate ; striae not punctured. 

j. Head with lengthwise wrinkles or striae ; length 4.5-5 mm. 

253. analis. 

jj. Head nearly smooth; elytra subovate, broader behind; length 6- 
7 -5 mm. 254. fuscata. 

L. divisa Lee, a member of the boreal fauna, has been recorded 
from Lake Superior and Galesburg. Illinois, and perhaps occurs in 
the extreme northern part of Indiana. 

L. pulckella Dej. has been taken near Cincinnati and its occur- 
rence in the State is more than probable. 

247 (882b). Lebia rhodopus Schwarz, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 
354. 

Oval, slender. Black or very dark olivaceous green, subopaque, finely 
alutaceous; antennae dusky, the third joint and legs pale reddish-yellow. 
Head large, wider than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate ; antennse 
more than half the length of body, the outer joints stout. Thorax small, 
sides feebly rounded, margins less broadly reflexed than in viridis. Elytral 
stria? very fine ; intervals almost flat. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Jennings and Franklin counties; rare. June 11-July 11. 
Taken from flowers of wild parsnip. A species of southern range. 
Listed as a variety of viridis, but in my opinion distinct. 



146 



FAMILY II. OAEABIDJE. 



248 (882). Lebia viridis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 14; ibid. 

II, 445. 

Oval, subconvex. Either uniform green or dark purplish-blue, strongly 
sliming ; antenna? piceous. tbe basal joints greenish. Head minutely and 
very sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long, the margin nar- 
row, except at hind angles, which are prominent. Elytral striae very fine ; 
intervals flat. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 5-Oetober 14. More 
abundant in May and June on flowers. 

249 (883). Lebia pumila Dej., Spec. V. 1830, 388. 

Oval, slender. Piceous or dark olive-green above, black beneath; an- 
tennae piceous, the third joint pale. Thorax subquadrate. but slightly 
wider than long. Elytra alutaceous, the striae very faint. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 28-September 16. Our 
smallest species of the genus. 

L. pleuritica Lee, elytra blue tinged with green, is said to 
occur sparingly from Canada to Texas. 

*250 (886). Lebia viridipexnis Dej.. Spec. I, 1825. 266. 

Rather broad. Antenme piceous. tbe three basal joints paler ; legs and 
entire body beneath pale reddish-brown, the knees and tarsi darker. Head 
with a few fine punctures. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly 
margined ; disk very finely wrinkled. Elytral striae represented by rows 
of very fine punctures. Length 5-6 mm. 

4 

Throughout the State ; scarce. March 9-December 28. Hiber- 
nates beneath mullein leaves and logs in upland woods. 

251 (889). Lebia ornata Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II. 1823. 13'; ibid. 

II, 444. 

Oval, slender. Head piceous. smooth ; thorax piceous with pale mar- 
gin, rarely wholly pale yellow; elytra piceous, with the narrow margin, 
two large spots on basal half and two small ones at apex, dull yellow; an- 
tennae dusky, the three basal joints pale ; body beneath and legs yellowish. 
Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common on flowers, especially goldenrod. 
April 10-September 19. 

252 (888). Lebia lobulata Lee. N. Sp. X. Amer. Col., I. 1863, 5. 

Oval, sul (depressed. Head black; thorax both above and beneath 
piceous. the margin pale; elytra piceous with apical margin and a large 
oblique subhumeral spot reaching nearly to suture, dull yellow; antenna?, 
under surface ami legs pale reddish-yellow. Elytra rather finely striate. 
Length 3-3.7 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. A member of the Austroriparian 
fauna. Taken at Cincinnati and probably occurs throughout the 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



147 



southern third of the State. Very apt to be confused with ornata, 
but easily distinguished by its punctured head and more deeply 
striate elytra. 

253 ( S92l Lebia anaus Dej.. Spec. I. 1825, 265. 

Broadly oval. Head black; antenme piceous. the four basal joints 
paler; thorax reddish-yellow, the margin paler; elytra black, each with 
the narrow margin and usually a large irregular humeral spot and small 
apical spot yellowish: under surface and legs pale yellow, abdomen darker. 
Thorax broadly margined, finely and irregularly wrinkled. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. 

Southern third of State: frequent. April 19-Xovember 7. 
Taken by sweeping low herbs. Readily known by the longitudinal 
stria? on head and the deep elytra! striae. The pale markings of 
eltyra vary greatly in extent and have given rise to a number of 
synonyms. 

254 (893). Lebia fdsgata Dej.. Spec. I. 1825, 270. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head and disk of thorax piceous; elytra 
pale brownish-yellow, each with a narrow marginal line, a large scutellar 
spot and a spot just behind middle, black: rarely the spots behind middle 
merge to form a broad cross-band: antenna?, legs and under surface red- 
dish-yellow. Thorax finely wrinkled, margin broad. Length 6.5 mm. 

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Pine. 
Lake County, by Wolcott. July 23. Resembles closely some of 
the color varieties of analis, but distinguished by the larger size, 
smooth head and dark disk of thorax. 

Group C. 

This group comprises the Indiana species of the subgenera 
Dianchomena and Aphelogenia, which are separated only by the 
head being more strongly constricted behind the eyes in the former. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Head suddenly and strongly constricted behind the eyes : vertex strong- 
ly convex : length 4.5-5.5 mm. 
6. Thorax narrowly margined : head and elytra dull green, thorax red- 
dish-yellow. 255 _ ABDOMINAUS. 
l>h. Thorax widely margined: head strigose at sides: elytra with black 
and yellow stripes, shining, moderately striate. 256. scapularis. 
aa. Head less constricted: vertex less convex. 

c. Head and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter widely margined. 
d. Black stripes of elytra narrow: elytral stria? fine : length 6 5- 

7 - 5mm - 257. FDBCATA. 

rhl Black stripes of elytra broad ; stria? distinct: length 5.5-6 mm. 

258. VITTATA. 



148 



FAMILY II.* — CARABIPJE. 



cc. Head black ; thorax narrowly margined ; elytra black, each with two 
white stripes ; abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 259. bivittata. 

255 (894). Lebia abdominalis Chaud., Bull. Mosc, 1843, 104. 

Rather slender. Color given in key; antennas piceous, the three basal 
joints paler; legs and abdomen pale reddish-yellow, tarsi piceous; meso- 
and metasterna nearly black. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Perry and Posey counties; rare. April 18-April 27. Taken 
from beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. A species of southern 
range. Resembles viridipennis, but smaller, elytra duller green 
and body beneath partly black. 

256 (895). Lebia scapulakis Dej., Spec. V, 1830, 377. 

Oval, rather slender. Head, thorax and legs pale red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra "piceous, each with the apical and side 
margins and a median stripe yellow; antennae dusky, the 
three basal joints paler. Thorax nearly twice as wide as 
long, the margins wider and more reflexed toward base. 
Elytral stria? rather deep, not punctate; intervals flat. 
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 84.) 

Fig. 84. x 4. Throughout the State ; common on leaves of elder 
and other plants in summer. April 13-October 11. 
Takes to wing when disturbed. The pale elytral stripes vary much 
in width, often occupying more space than the darker ones. The 
latter are sometimes connected near their tips and the pale stripes 
reduced to narrow lines, thus forming the variety conjugens Lee. 

257 (897). Lebia furcata Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 193. 
Rather broad, subdepressed. Head, disk of thorax and a triangular 

stripe extending from base half way along the elytral suture reddish-yel- 
low; elytra and margin of thorax pale yellow, the former with a median 
and two lateral narrow black stripes, the median divided or forked on the 
basal half to enclose the reddish-yellow stripe; antenna? dusky, pale at 
base; femora and tarsi black, tibia? pale. Head and thorax finely and 
irregularly strigose. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties ; rare. April 20- August 6. 

258 (899). Lebia vtttata Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 202; Say, II, 443. 
Resembles furcata but smaller and more narrow. The black stripes 

are wider, the basal fork of the median one much shorter; legs wholly 
black or with the base of femora alone pale. Thorax more narrow and 
elytral stria? deeper. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Vigo County • rare. March 21 . This species also resembles 

scapitlaris but is easily distinguished by the broader neck and black 
legs. 




THE GROUND BEETLES. 



149 



*259 (902). Lebia bivittata Fab., tent. Syst. Supp., 1798, 59. 

Oval, rather Broad. Thorax reddish-yellow; white stripes of elytra 
narrow, the outer one the shorter ; legs black, the tibiae pale. Head finely 
and sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly broader than long, sides distinctly 
curved, apex much broader than base. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Vigo . County ; scarce. January 5-Deeember 28. Hibernates 
beneath chunks in the corners of rail fences about which piles of 
dead leaves have drifted. A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 

XLI. Coptodera Dej. 1825. (Gr., "cut + neck. ") 

Small bluish beetles having the mentum deeply emarginate, 
without a tooth ; first joint of tarsi as long as the next two, fourth 
feebly emarginate; tarsal claws pectinate. But one species is 
known from the Eastern United States. 

260 (904). Coptodeea jsrata Dej., Sp. I, 1825, 277. 

Rather broad, subdepressed. Head, thorax and under surface piceous ; 
elytra bluish-green ; antennas and legs dark brown or piceous. Head finely 
wrinkled on side near the eyes. Thorax twice as wide as long ; sides dis- 
tinctly curved, rather broadly margined near the base; hind angles obtuse. 
Elytral striae fine, not punctured. Middle tibiae of males distinctly notched 
on inner side near tip. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Southern half of the State, frequent • Lake County, rare. April 
15-October 10. Occurs on vegetation and beneath bark. 

XLII. Dromius Bon. 1813. (Gr., a runner. 

Small piceous beetles, having the palpi and tarsi slender, the 
fourth joint of latter not bilobed nor emarginate ; tarsal claws ser- 
rate ; mentum without a tooth. One of the two species is found in 
Indiana. 

261 (906). Dromius picetjs Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 363. 

Ovate, slender, depressed. Piceous, moderately shining ; antennae, mouth 
parts and legs, and narrow margins of thorax and elytra, pale brownish- 
yellow. Plead with lengthwise wrinkles above the eyes. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, narrower at base; sides curved with a rather wide re- 
flexed margin; disk finely wrinkled, the median line distinct, hind angles 
obtuse. Elytral stria- fine, indistinctly punctured; intervals slightly con- 
vex. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Jennings County; scarce. November 20. Occurs beneath bark. 

XLIII. Apristus Chaud. 1846. (Gr., ' £ without + saw. ") 

Small black species having the tarsal claws simple ; mentum 
toothed; ligula small, cordiform with four seta? in front; thorax 



150 



FAMILY II. CAEABIM. 



truncate at base. Four species are known from the United States, 
two of which have been taken in Indiana. They occur in damp, 
sandy localities. 

262 (908). Apbistus cobdicollis Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848. 190. 

Black with slight tinge of blue ; antennae piceous ; legs black. Thorax 
cordate, slightly wider than long, side margins a little broader and more 
reflexed near base; median line deep, reaching basal margin; hind angles 
acute, slightly prominent. Elytral striae deeply impressed ; intervals rather 
strongly convex. Males with three joints of front tarsi dilated and with 
two rows of small scales beneath. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion, Vigo and Morgan counties ; rare. April 6-October 15. 
Larger than the next, the elytra natter, the intervals more convex. 

263 (909). Apbistus subsulcatus Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 451. 

Piceous, bronzed ; elytra often brownish. Thorax with sides less curved 
in front, less sinuate behind than in cordicolUs; hind angles rectangular 
not prominent, the margins not wider behind ; median line fine, usually not 
reaching the basal margin. Length 3-3.5' mm. 

Vigo and Lawrence counties ; rare. May 29-July 20. 

XLIV. Blechrus Motseh. 1848. (NL.. "black.") 

Very small black shining species, differing from those of allied 
genera by having the base of thorax slightly lobed; mentum not 
toothed ; ligula small with two seta; in front ; claws of tarsi serrate. 
Two of the three species have been taken in Indiana. 

264 (911). Blecheus nigeinus Mann.. Bull. Mosc. II, 1843, 184. 

Elongate, depressed. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax one-fourth 
wider than long, broadest one-third from apex ; sides moderately curved in 
front, slightly sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular ; disk very finely 
wrinkled, median line deeply impressed. Elytra oblong, nearly parallel, 
one-third longer than head and thorax : faintly striate near the suture. 
Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. April 15. Occurs beneath bark in open 
woods. 

265 (913). Blechbus pusio Lee, New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1863, 6. 

Black-bronzed, very shining. Thorax not wider than long, widest just 
behind the apex, more narrowed behind, the hind angles indistinct. Elytra 
almost smooth, not longer than head and thorax, their sides distinctly 
curved. Length 2 mm. 

Marion and Clark counties : scarce. May 5-October 9. Occurs 
beneath bark on oak logs. One of the smallest of our Carabidas. 



THE GEOTIND BEETLES. 



151 



XLV. Metabletus Sch.-Goeb. 1846. (Gr., "changeable.") 

Represented in the United States by a single small, oblong black 
beetle having the ligula elongate-oval with five short setae in front, 
thorax slightly lobed at base, mentnm with a small tooth notched at 
apex. 

266 (914). Metabletus americanus Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 361. 

Rather slender, subdepressed. Uniform black, shining. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, narrowed behind ; median line distinct, deep ; margin 
very narrow, hind angles distinct, not prominent. Elytral stria? very faint, 
not punctured. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 14. Taken from beneath bark of 
pine. Resembles Blechrus nigrinvs in form and size. A member 
of the boreal fauna. 

XL VI. Axinopalpus Lec. 1848. (Gr., "ax + palpus. ") 

Very small beetles having the mentum emarginate, distinctly 
toothed ; labial palpi thick, the last joint oval ; maxillary palpi long 
aud slender, the last joint cylindrical and acutely prolonged at tip. 
One species occurs in Indiana. 

267 (915). Axinopalpus biplagtatus Dej., Spec. I, 1825. 243. 

Rather broad, subdepressed. Piceous, shining ; antennae dusky, paler 
at base; legs and an oblique stripe, extending from humerus to middle of 
elytra, pale yellow. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, slightly cor- 
date ; sides curved, sinuate near the hind angles, which are rectangular ; 
median impressed line distinct, entire. Elytra faintly striate on middle of 
disk. Length 3 mm. 

Lake, Marshall and Marion counties ; scarce. June 24— Novem- 
ber 23. Occurs beneath bark in damp localities. 

XLVII. Callida Dej. 1825. (Gr., "beautiful.") 

Small elongate beetles, usually of bright metallic colors and in 
our species having the upper side of tarsi convex, not sulcate or im- 
pressed. One species has been taken in Indiana, while another 
should occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIDA. 

a. Body above bicolored ; thorax red, elytra blue or green. 

268. PUNCTATA. 

aa. Body bright blue or green; elytra not longer than head and thorax, 
their strise fine, intervals flat. purpurea. 

268 (923). Callida punctata Lec, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, IV, 1848, 189. 
Elongate, narrow, convex. Head usually dark blue; thorax reddish- 
yellow; elytra bright green; legs yellow, the tips of the femora and tarsi 



152 



FAMILY II. — CABABIDJE. 



piceous ; antennae piceous, paler at base. Thorax a little longer than wide, 
widest slightly in front of middle ; margin very narrow, hind angles obtuse ; 
disk transversely wrinkled, a few punctures near apex. Elytra oblong, 
gradually broader behind; the striae fine, punctate; intervals flat, sparsely 
punctate. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Northern half of State, frequent; Dubois county only in the 
south. May 14-October 10. Often found on flowers. One of our 
most handsome Carabids. 

C. purpurea Say, 7.5-9 mm. in length, ranges from Michigan to 
Georgia. Missouri and Kansas, but has not yet been noted in In- 
diana. 

XL VIII. PLOCHioNus'Dej.,- 1825. (Gr., "a lock of hair.") 

This genus is very close to Callida, being separated by the char- 
acters given in key, and by the ligula having four setas instead of 
two, as in Callida. One species occurs in Indiana. 

269 (931). Plochiokt\s timidus Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. SeL, I, 1842, 

298. 

Rather broad, depressed. Uniform dark brown, the margin of thorax 
and elytra translucent. Thorax broader than long, sides strongly rounded, 
base wider than apex ; margin broad, hind angles rectangular ; disk trans- 
versely wrinkled, median line distinct. Elytral striae deep, not punctured; 
intervals convex, alutaceous. Males with the front tarsi narrowly dilated, 
the first three joints with two rows of small scales beneath. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Marion County ; scarce. March 16-November 17. Probably hi- 
bernates. Occurs in damp places beneath bark and rubbish. 

XLIX. Pinacodera Sehaum. 1860. (Gr., "flat + neck.") 

Oblong, brown or piceous beetles of rather small size, having 
the tarsi smooth above, the middle pair in male dilated, Hind 
angles of thorax in our species obtuse, not prominent ; inner wings 
well developed. Two species have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PINACODERA. 

a. Elytra with pale humeral spot; thorax distinctly narrowed behind, its 
margin broad and translucent. 270. limbata. 

aa. Elytra without pale spot at humerus ; thorax very little narrowed be- 
hind, the margin narrow, scarcely translucent. 271. platicollis. 

270 (934). Pinacodera limbata Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 320. 

Rather slender, depressed. Dark brown or piceous ; antenme, legs, 
margin of thorax, humeral spot and sides of elytra paler. Head slightly 
wrinkled above the eyes. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides mod- 



THE G HOUND BEETLES. 



153 



era tely curved ; disk nearly smooth, the median impressed line fine. Elytra 
oval, slightly oblong; striae shallow, very finely punctate; intervals slightly 
convex, alutaceous, the third with two dorsal punctures. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

Crawford and Dubois counties ; scarce. April 29-July 2. 

271 (935). Pinacodera platicollis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
14; ibid. II. 445. 

Resembles Inn bat a but slightly larger. Thorax with margin more nar- 
row and more strongly refiexed ; disk often slightly wrinkled and with a 
few punctures near the hind angles. Elytra with pale margin very narrow 
and without humeral spot; intervals nearly flat. Length 9-11 mm. 

Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. April 10-October 23. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and other cover in sandy regions. 

L. Cymindis Latr. 1806. (Gr., "slender.") 

Slender-bodied beetles of medium size, more or less hairy above, 
with inner wings absent and tarsi hairy above. Our species have 
the thorax narrowly margined and the entire upper surface very 
strongly punctured. The males have the front tarsi with three 
joints dilated and with two rows of small scales beneath. Two spe- 
cies have been taken in Indiana. 

*272 (944). Cymindis Americana Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 446. 

Rather slender. Piceous, feebly shining; antennae, legs, humeral spot 
and narrow side margin of elytra, pale reddish-brown. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, narrowed at base ; sides curved in front, sinuate behind ; 
disk coarsely and equally punctured. Elytral stria? deep, finely punctured ; 
intervals rather flat, their punctures coarser than those of striae. Length 
12-15 mm. 

Steuben, Marion, Vigo, Putnam and Knox counties; scarce. 
July 14-December 25. Hibernates. 

273 ( 946). Cymindis pilosa Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 10; 
ibid. II, 442. 

Moderately elongate. Picecus with faint greenish lustre; surface very 
distinctly hairy ; antenna? and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax about as 
wide as long, much narrower at base, sides curved, slightly sinuate behind; 
margin narrow, hind angles rectangular ; disk coarsely and deeply punc- 
tured. Elytral striae deep, intervals slightly convex, irregularly and coarsely 
punctured. Length 9.5-10 mm. 

Lake, Steuben, Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties; fre- 
quent. April 12-November 2. Easily known from americana by 
the lack of humeral pale spot, the shorter and wider thorax and the 
more sparsely punctate intervals. Occurs usually in dry or sandy 
localities. 



154 



FAMILY IT. CAEABIM. 



LI. Apenes Lee. 1852. (L., "without wings,") 

Small pieeous or bronzed species closely allied to Cymindis, and 
differing principally in haying the thorax lobed at base and the last 
joint of labial palpi more broadly triangular. One species has been 
taken in Indiana, while another doubtless occurs in the southern 
counties. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF APENES. 

a. Head sulcate lengthwise; surface with metallic bronze luster; length 

10 mm. LUCIDULA. 

aa. Head simply and sparsely punctured; elytra shining, strise distinctly 
impressed ; length 7 mm. 274. sinuata. 

A. lucid id a Dej. occurs from "New York to Florida." and has 
been taken by Dury near Cincinnati. 

*274 ( 950). Apenes sinuata Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 8; 
ibid. II, 440. 

Elongate-oval. Head and thorax pieeous ; elytra dark brown or pieeous, 
with a humeral space and two small subapical spots pale; antenna and 
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-third wider than long, sparsely punc- 
tate, base narrower than apex ; sides moderately curved, margin very nar- 
row, reflexed; hind angles distinct. Elytra oblong-oval, striae finely punc- 
tured; intervals slightly convex, minutely alutaceous, the third with two 
dorsal punctures. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. February 14-December 7. Oc- 
curs in open woodland, about the bases of trees and stumps. 



LIT. Pentagonica Schm.-Goeb. 1846. (G-r.. " five + angles. " ) 
One small species represents this genus in the United States. 

275 (954). Pentagonica feavipes Lee, Trans. Amer. 
Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 377. 
Rather broad, resembling a small LeMa analis. Head 
and elytra pieeous, very finely alutaceous; thorax, 
basal portion of antennae and legs reddish-yellow; 
sometimes wholly pieeous with pale legs. Thorax 
short, twice as wide as long, sides strongly angulate. 
base narrowed; median line distinct. Elytra feebly 
striate without punctures. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig. 
85.) 

Rare. Two specimens from Lake County and 
one from Marion. May 25-October 23. The 
one from Marion County was found dead in a 
porch light globe by H. Morrison. 




Fig. 85. (After Horn.) 
Line shows natural size. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



155 



Tribe XIV. HELLUONINI. 

Antennae rather stout, usually compressed, arising from under 
a distinct frontal plate, all the joints more or less pubescent, first 
joint stout, equal in length to the next two. Head broadly oval, 
not narrowed in front of eyes, with a distinct neck; labium large 
and prominent, more or less concealing the mandibles; mentum 
broad, deeply emarginate. usually toothed; terminal joint of palpi 
elongate-oval or fusiform and obtuse at tip. Thorax more or less 
cordate, sides and hind angles each with a distinct bristle-bearing 
puncture. Elytra oblong, truncate at apex, base not margined, 
sides narrowly inflexed, disk striate or sulcate without dorsal punc- 
tures. Tibiae compressed and finely bicarinate on the outer edge. 
Tarsal claws simple. The tribe is represented in the United States 
fauna by but one genus. 

LIU. Helluomorpha Lap. 1840. ((Jr., "slender + form. ") 

Reddish-brown, strongly punctured, hairy beetles of medium 
size, having the antennae joints broadly compressed; elytra shorter 
than abdomen, more or less costate instead of striate, broadly 
rounded at tip. For synoptic table see — 

LeConte.—In Bull. Brook. Ent. Sec, II, 1879, 60. 

Six species are knowm from the United States, two of which 
have been taken in Indiana, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELLUOMORPHA. 

a. Joints of antennae 5-10 square or broader than long. 

J). Thorax longer than wide ; elytra more strongly costate ; abdomen 
dark ; elytral intervals with three rows of punctures. pe.eusta. 
J)l>. Thorax as wide as long ; elytra less strongly costate. 

c. Elytra and abdomen usually darker than thorax ; elytral intervals 
with three confused rows of punctures. 276. bicoloe. 

gg. Uniform reddish-brown ; elytral intervals with two rows of punc- 
tures. 277. texana. 
a a. Joints of antennas 5-10 oblong; uniform reddish-brown; intervals with 
three irregular rows of punctures. feeeuginea. 

H. prceusta Dej., 14 mm. in length, has been taken near Cincin- 
nati and perhaps occurs in the extreme south of Indiana. 

276 (959). Helluomorpha bicolor Harr.. New Eng. Farmer, VII. 1820, 
117. 

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and legs reddish-brown, elytra 
darker. Thorax as wide as long, subcordate, narrower behind ; sides broadly 



156 



FAMILY IT. CARABID^E. 



curved, sinuate behind; base truncate, bind angles rectangular; disk coarse- 
ly, sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 18-16 mm. 

Vigo. Posey and Crawford counties ; scarce. April 8-May 20. 
Occurs beneath cover in dry upland woods. 

277 (960). Helll t omorpha texana Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X. 1853, 
374. 

Form and structure of Mcolor; uniform light reddish-brown; apical 
half of antennae and tarsi darker. Length 11—17 mm. 

Marshall and Crawford counties; rare. June 29-August 8. 
H. ferruginea Lee. 13.5-15 mm. in length, is said to occur from 
New York to Texas. 

Section II. HAEPALINJE UNISETOS^l. 

This section is much smaller than the preceding, the tribes num- 
bering only a third and the genera proportionally less numerous. 
The essential character is the presence of but one bristle-bearing 
puncture above each eye. The seta at or near the kind angle of 
thorax is more often absent than present. Of the eight tribes, but 
three are represented in the Indiana fauna. These may be distin- 
guished as follows : 

KEY TO INDIANA TEIBES OF HABPALINiE TJNISETOS.E. 

a. Elytra truncate at apex ; mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture in 
outer groove ; hind coxae often separated, the first ventral segment 
visible between them ; epimera of mesosternum usually wide, some- 
times nearly as large as episterna. Tribe I. Beachtnini, p. 156. 

a. Elytra always entire ; mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture : 
hind coxse contiguous ; epimera of mesosternum very narrow and in- 
distinct. 

&. Antennae with three basal joints glabrous; elytral margin more or 
less interrupted and with an internal fold ; front tarsi of male with 
three, rarely four, joints spongy pubescent beneath. 

Tribe II. Chlenhni, p. 162. 
l>h. Antennae with two, rarely (Tachycellus) with three, basal joints gla- 
brous ; elytral margin not interrupted, no internal fold ; male tarsi 
variable. Tribe III. Haepalini, p. 173. 

Tribe I. BRACHYNINI. 

Antenna? slender, the condyle of the basal joint exposed, two 
basal and a portion of the third joint glabrous. Head gradually 
narrowed behind the eyes into a neck ; labrum broad, truncate ; 
mandibles stout, feebly curved, with a seta in outer groove; men- 
turn moderately broad, emarginate, toothed or not ; the second joint 
of palpi longer than the last. Thorax with short marginal seta?; 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 157 

seutellnm distinct. Elytra not margined at base, apex truncate 
and with a membranous border ; disk not or very feebly striate 
and without dorsal punctures. Presternum not prolonged. Tarsi 
slender, the front pair in the males with three joints feebly di- 
lated and covered with small scales beneath. The only genus in the 
United States fauna is — 

LIY. Brachynus Web. 1801. (Gr., "short + back.") 

Small or medium sized beetles with broad abdomen and narrow 
head and thorax. The elytra are of a dark blue, blackish- or 
greenish-blue color, while the head, thorax and legs are reddish- 
yellow. The generic name refers to the shortness of the elytra, 

They occur under logs or stones, usually in damp 
places. In early spring some of the species are es- 
pecially abundant and often gregarious in small 
colonies. \Yhen disturbed they emit from a little 
internal sac near the end of the abdomen a pun- 
gent, volatile fluid which serves them as a means 
of defense. This fluid is ejected with a sound like 
that of a small popgun, and when it comes in con- 
tact with the air it changes to a gas which appears Fig. 86. Brachynus sty- 
like steam. For this reason the members of the 
genus are known as "bombardier beetles." "When pursued by 
some larger insect the bombardier discharges a part of the stored 
liquid into the face of its enemy, the noise and gas so disconcert- 
ing the pursuer that the bombardier often has time to escape. 
Some forms are capable of discharging four or five times in suc- 
cession. 

But one paper has been issued on the United States species of 
the genus, viz. : 

LeConte. — "Notes on the species of Brachinus inhabiting the 
United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1862, 523. 

This does not include all of the North American species now 
known, about 26 in number. The distinguishing characters are so 
few that no satisfactory table is extant. Sixteen different forms 
have been taken in Indiana. These were submitted to Mr. Liebeck, 
who wrote me concerning them as follows : 

"I assorted your lot of Brachynus and determined them by 
comparison with the species in the Horn collection, which is the 
best I could do. There the species are arranged in the order in 
which they are listed by Henshaw. which differs from the old Le- 




158 



FAMILY IT. OABABLD/E. 



Conte table. They were in all probability revised by Dr. Horn 
without publishing the result." 

The following table is based largely upon that of LeConte. and 
was drawn up for the specimens as named by Mr. Liebeek and 
afterward reviewed by Mr. Fall. Comparison was also made with 
those in the LeConte collection at Cambridge. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRAC'HYNUS. 

(/. Larger species, 10 to 15 mm. 

I). Elytra gradually but distinctly widened behind, costate or subcostate. 
c- Elytral humeri distinct but rounded; thorax widest just in front 
of middle. 

(7. Thorax not longer than wide, the sides in front much rounded. 
e. Abdomen fuscous r antennse with the fourth and following 
joints darker. 278. alternans. 

ee. Abdomen and antennae pale. 279. tobmentaeius. 

dd. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, its sides less rounded. 

280. DEYBOLLEI. 

cc. Humeri of elytra narrow, indistinct; thorax widest one-fourth 
from apex. 281. ameeicanus. 

hi). Elytra but slightly widened behind, the sides parallel or nearly so. 
the humeri distinct. 
f. Thorax very wide in front, suddenly narrowed behind the middle; 

elytra blackish-blue. 282. ballistabius. 

ff. Thorax much narrower in front, more gradually narrowed behind: 
elytra paler blue. 283. fumans. 

aa. Medium sized or small species, not over 9.5 mm. 

g. Thorax wider than long, strongly constricted behind the middle. 
h. Form slender; elytra smooth, feebly widened behind, their sides 
almost parallel. 284. geacilis. 

hh, Form broader, the elytra gradually but distinctly widened from 
base to apex. 

i. Elytra together subquadrate. distinctly costate. 

285. QUADBIPENNIS. 

ii. Elytra but faintly or obsoletely costate. 

j. Hind angles of thorax prominent; antennse and abdomen in 
part or wholly dark. 286. cobdicollts. 

jj. Hind angles of thorax very slightly prominent; antennae and 
abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 287. cyanipennis. 

gg. Thorax as long or longer than wide, the base much less strongly con- 
stricted. 

1c. Joints 3 and 4 of antenme almost black, joints 5 to apex more or 
less fuscous ; abdomen wholly dark. 288. pulcheleus. 

Tck. Joints 3 and 4 of antenme not darker than those which follow. 
I. Hind angles of thorax not at all prominent ; humeri indistinct. 
m. Abdomen with the sides dark ; thorax broadly rounded on the 
sides in front; larger, 7-9 mm. 289. peeplexus. 

mm. Abdomen wholly pale ; thorax more strongly rounded on the 
sides in front; smaller, not over 6 mm, 290. minutus. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



159 



nn. 



II. Hind angles of thorax prominent ; humeri distinct. 

7i. Elytra oblong, scarcely widened behind ; abdomen wholly pale ; 
size small, not over 7 mm. 291. janthinipennis. 

Elytra gradually but distinctly dilated behind ; abdomen dark, 

at least on sides, 
o. Narrow lateral edge and epipleura of elytra pale yellow; 
knees, sides of abdomen and metathorax dusky. 

292. LATERALIS. 

Lateral edge and epipleura of the same color as the elytra ; 
front angles of thorax obtusely rounded; very small, not 



oo. 



over o.o mm. 



293. 



MEDIUS. 




Fig. 87. X It 
(Original.) 



278 (973). Brachynus alternans Dej., Sp. i, 1825, 316. 

Elytra bluish-black ; abdomen fuscous. Thorax at mid- 
dle about as wide as long, front margin slightly concave, 
the angles obtuse but distinct, hind angles rectangular. 
Elytra distinctly costate, the intervals between the ridges 
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 14-15 mm. (Fig. 
87.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 6- 
July 4. 

*279 (975). Brachynus tormentarius Lee, Ann. Lyc. 
Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 200. 
Thorax as wide as long, front angles obtuse but distinct; hind angles 
rectangular, not prominent. Elytra costate, the humeri distinct, broadly 
rounded. Length 14-15 mm. 

Vigo and Posey conn tics ; scarce. Hibernates. January 1- 
April 19. Very close to aMernans and probably only a variety of 
that species. 

280 ( 974). Brachynus deyrollei Laf., Rev. Zool., 1841, 42. 

Antennae reddish-yellow, the apical portion darker ; abdomen piceous. 
Thorax distinctly longer than wide, slightly narrower than the head ; front 
margin concave, the angles obtuse, hind angles distinct but not prominent. 
Elytra subcostate, the humeri rounded but evident. Length 14-15 mm. 

Knox County ; rare. July 4. 

281 (962). Brachynus americanus Lee, Proc. Phil. 
Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 48. 
Elytra black, but faintly tinged with blue; four basal 
joints of antennae pale, the remainder gradually dusky ; 
abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, the 
base gradually constricted, hind angles rectangular. Ely- 
tra distinctly but not strongly costate; intervals wide 
and finely punctured; humeri very much sloping, not at 
all distinct. Length 10-11.5 mm. (Fig. 88.) 

Vio-o, Knox, Crawford and Perry counties ; fre- 

f ig. 88. X 2. 

(Original.) quent. April 23-October 21. 
[11—23402] 




1 60 



FA Ml LY TT. — CA RAT51.D/E; 



282 (976). Brachynus ballistarius Lee, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 

1848, 109. ; 
Elytra blue-black ; antennae reddish-brown at base, gradually dusky to 
tip ; abdomen blackish on sides, usually pale at middle. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, widest in front of middle, suddenly much constricted be- 
hind middle; front margin concave, hind angles prominent. Elytra dis- 
tinctly costate, intervals sparsely punctulate. Length 11-13.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 11-September 7. The 
margins of the thorax are wider and more reflexed, its sides much 
more strongly sinuate and its disk more sparsely punctate than in 
the next species. 

283 (977). Brachynus fumans Fab., Syst. Eleut, 1801. 210. 

More narrow and slender than ballistarius. Apical portion of antennae 
a little darker than the base; elytra more distinctly blue; abdomen reddish- 
brown, the sides darker. Thorax about as wide as long, widest in front 
of middle, then gradually narrowed to base. Elytra oblong, the sides nearly 
parallel, the humeri rounded but evident, distinctly costate. Length 11.5- 
12 mm. ( Fig. SI . ) 

Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April 8-May 12. 

284 ( ). Brachynus gracilis sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Antennae reddish-yellow, joints 3 and 4 
darker at tip ; abdomen wholly fuscous ; elytra blackish-blue. Eyes large, 
prominent. Thorax wider than long, widest near apex, front margin trun- 
cate, the angles rounded ; sides strongly margined, deeply sinuate ; hind 
angles prominent, acute, divergent. Elytra without trace of costae, the 
humeri distinct. Length 9 mm. 

Marshall County; rare. October 14. Resembles cyanipennis, 
but differs in being much more slender, with larger eyes, smooth 
elytra and dark abdomen. 

285 (968). Brachynus quadripennis Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 316. 

First two joints of antennas and part of third pale, the remainder dark 
reddish-brown ; abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, convex, 
front slightly concave, hind angles prominent. Elytra together but little 
longer than broad, strongly costate; humeri broadly rounded, distinct. 
Length 9-9.5 mm.. 

Vigo and Crawford counties ; rare. Occurs in dry or sandy 
localities. May 12-June 15. 

286 (978). Brachynus cordicollis Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 466. 

Elytra blackish-blue; atifennee reddish-brown at base, the apical half 
dusky; joints 3 and 4 darker than the others. Thorax wider than long, 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



L61 



the widest part nearly twice the width of the base, apex slightly concave, 
hind angles acute, divergent; surface sparsely and finely punctured. Elytra 
but little widened behind, obsoletely costate. Length 7.5-0 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 10-October 17. 

287 (971). Bkachynus cyanipennis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, III, 

1823, 143 ; ibid. II, 91. 

Elytra blue-black. Thorax shorter than usual, distinctly wider than 
long, front angles obtusely rounded, hind ones evident, not prominent. Ely- 
tra slightly wider behind, the humeri distinct but strongly rounded, the 
costae very faint. Length 8-9 mm. 

Fulton County; rare. June 20. 

288 (- ). Bkachynus pulchelltjs sp. nov. 

Resembles perplexus in form and size. Elytra distinctly darker, black- 
ish-blue; sides of meso- and metasterna and entire abdomen fuscous. An- 
tennae with joints 3 and 4 almost black. Thorax longer' than wide, the base 
gradually constricted, its disk more convex and hind angles acute and more 
distinct than in perplexus. Elytra almost smooth, the humeri distinct. 
Length 7-9 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 14-April 18. 
From cordicollis, our only other small species with the third and 
fourth joints of antenna dark, it differs in the thorax being much 
narrower and less constricted, and with less prominent hind angles. 
This is one of the first species to appear in spring and is the only 
one besides tormentarius which has been taken in the winter months. 
It occurs in low, sandy localities. 

289 (966). Beachynls perplexus Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 426. 

Elytra dark blue; antennas and entire under surface, except the sides 
of abdomen, reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, the widest part 
about twice the width of base ; front margin truncate, the angles obtuse ; 
hind angles not at all prominent; sides very broadly rounded in front of 
middle. Elytra but little wider behind, obsoletely costate, nearly or quite 
covering the abdomen ; humeri evident but narrow. Length 8-9 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 9. 

290 (965). Brachynus minetts Harr., N. Eng. Far., VII, 1828, 117. 
Smaller and more slender than janthinipennis, which it resembles 

closely in form and color. Thorax more narrow, distinctly longer than 
wide, much less constricted behind, the hind angles scarcely evident. Humeri 
narrow-, less rounded than in the next. Length 5.3-6 mm. 

Marshall, Fulton, Whitley and Kosciusko counties ; scarce. 
June 5-August 17. This is the pumilio of LeConte, which is re- 
garded as a synonym of minutus, though the latter is said by Har- 



162 



FAMILY II. CABABIPiE. 



vis to have the abdomen and antennae fuscous. In the LeConte 
collection at Cambridge the single example labeled minutus is simi- 
lar to the Indiana specimens, as is also the type of pumilio bearing 
that label and placed at the side of the other specimen. If a com- 
parison with the Harris type shows the two to be different the name 
pumilio will stand. 

291 (963). Beachynus janthinipennis Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 412. 

Elytra dark blue, often with a faint greenish tinge ; antennae, legs and 
entire under surface reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer than wide, 
hind angles prominent ; surface not punctate, faintly, transversely strigose. 
Elytra parallel, the costse evident. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Northern half of State ; frequent along the shores of lakes. May 
20-August 8. 

292 (972). Beachynus lateralis Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 426. 

Apical half of antennae dusky ; legs, except the knees, pale yellow ; ely- 
tra dull blackish-blue with pale lateral margin. Thorax less narrowed be- 
hind than in allied forms, hind angles acute, but slightly prominent ; elytral 
costse obsolete, the humeri distinct. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

A species of southern range, known from Indiana by a single 
specimen taken in Posey County. April 10. 

293 (967). Beachynus medius Harr., New Eng. Far., VII, 1828, 117. 
Antenna? fuscous ; abdomen dark brown. Thorax as long as wide, the 

front margin concave, the front angles deflexed and obtusely rounded. Ely- 
tra slightly wider behind, the humeri rounded but distinct, the costse evi- 
dent but faint. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Vigo County ; rare, April 24. Our smallest species. 

Tribe II. CHLiKNIINI. 

Antenna? slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge, 
the three basal joints glabrous. Head not narrowed behind the 
eyes to a neck ; labrum transverse, truncate or emarginate ; clypeus 
more or less prolonged between the mandibles which are feebly 
curved and without a seta on outer side; mentum broad, usually 
emarginate and toothed. Thorax variable in form, the setae of the 
margin either slender or wanting. Body not pedunculate, scutel- 
lum distinct. Elytra margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed, 
surface striate, without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not pro- 
longed ; hind coxae contiguous. Tarsi slender, claws simple. Males 
with three or four joints of front tarsi dilated and densely spongy 
beneath. The tribe is represented in the United States fauna by 
seven genera, six of which occur in Indiana. 



THE GKOTHSTD BEETX ES. 



1 63 



KEY TO INDTANA GENERA OF CHLiENIINI. 

a. Punctures of eighth stria of elytra distant from the margin, the ninth 
stria very distinct; eyes regular in outline, not truncate behind ; color 
mostly green or blue-black. 
h. Mentuni with a distinct lobe each side; length 8 or more mm. 

c. Mentuni toothed in the center of the notch. LV. Chl.exiis. 

cc. Mentuni not toothed. LVI. Axomoglossis. 

hh. Mentuni without lobes, truncate in front; length 9-9.5 mm. 

LVII. Beachylobus. 

an. Eighth stria of elytra very close to the margin, the ninth indistinct; 
eyes truncate behind ; color black or piceous. 
(h All the tarsi pubescent beneath; clypeus with a* bristle-bearing punc- 
ture each side; labrum with six setfe ; length 9.5-10 mm. 

LVIII. Lachnockepis. 

<1<1. Hind tarsi not pubescent beneath. 

c. Front tarsi of males with four joints dilated, the first three spongy 
beneath ; clypeus without bristle-bearing punctures ; labrum with 
six seta? : length 5-6 mm. . LIX. Anatkichis. 

ee. Front tarsi of male with three joints dilated and spongy; second 
joint of labial palpi without seta? in front: thorax as wide at 
base as elytra; length 7.5 or more mm. FX. Oodes. 

LV. Chlmius Bon. 1813. (Gr., "a cloak or mantle.") 

This genus is composed of greenish- or bluish-black oblong- 
beetles of medium or large size. They are mostly finely pubescent, 
and when handled give off an odor like that of morocco leather. In 
a number of species the base of thorax is as wide as that of elytra. 
They live beneath stones, logs. etc.. the majority of the species being 
found in damp localities, Avhere they feed largely upon other in- 
sects. In 23 individuals dissected by Dr. Forbes. 83 per cent, of 
the stomach content was found to be of animal origin. Of this 65 
per cent, was of insects, chiefly cutworms, canker-worms and other 
injurious forms, so that the genus ranks high among the beneficial 
Carabidae. 

About 43 species of Chlamius are known from the United States. 
Of these. 16 have been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps 
occur. The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows : 
LeConte.— 'Analytical Table of the Species of Chiasmus in the 
United States." in Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. Till. 1856. 25. 
Horn. — "Revision of the Species of Chhenius in the United 

States." m Trans. Amer. But Soc. Y. 1876. 253. 
Horn.— "Synoptic Table." in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. IV. 
1882, 3. 

For convenience the Indiana species are first divided into two 
groups and these in turn into species. 



164 



FAMILY II. CARABIDJE. 



RF.T TO GROUPS OF TNDANA SPFXTKS OF CHE.^ENIT'S. 

a. Third joint of antenme longer than fourth; middle tibiae of male with a 
pubescent space near the tip. Group A. 

a a. Third joint of antennae not longer than fourth (except in tomentosus) ; 
middle tibiaa of male without a pubescent space at tip. Group B. 

Groet A. 

In this group the males have a pubescent space of greater or 
less extent near the tip of the middle tibiae. This is usually on the 
outer edge, but sometimes in front of the tibiae. The basal line and 
side margin of the elytra unite at the humerus to form either a dis- 
tinct angle or a regular curve: and ■* basal line angulate at hu- 
merus" and "basal line curved at humerus" are terms used to 
designate the two modes of union. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE GROUP A. 

a. Abdomen smooth at middle, sparsely and finely punctured on the sides. 
&, Prosternum not margined at tip, feebly punctured or smooth in front ; 
male with front femora subangulate at base, 
c. Color bright green, shining; length 12-14 mm. 291. solitaries. 
cc. Color dark blue; thorax subopaque, elytra opaque; length 13- 
15 mm. 295. leucoscelis. 

TjJj. Prosternum margined at tip, coarsely punctured in front ; color green, 
the last ventral segment nearly wholly brownish-yellow; length 
j 7 mm. 296. prasinus. 

aa. Abdomen sparsely punctured at middle, more densely at sides. 

cl, Episterna (side pieces) of metasternum short, the outer side shorter 
than the front one ; thorax narrower at base than elytra. 
e. Thorax greenish-bronzed above, the sides distinctly sinuate near 
base; front femora of male subangulate at base. 297. jestivus. 
ee. Thorax violet or purplish-blue above, not sinuate near base. 

f. Thorax wider than long; front femora of male subangulate at 

oase . PLATYDERUS. 

ff. Thorax about as long as wide ; front femora of male simple. 

298. DIFFINIS 

dd. Episterna of metasternum long, the outer side longer than the front 
one. 

g. Sides of thorax not or feebly sinuate near base. 

h. Color bright green to blue, legs pale. 299. sericeus. 

hh. Color blackish or dark blue. 

i. Smaller, 13-15 mm. ; base of thorax as wide as elytra ; front 

femora of male toothed at base. 300. laticolus. 

ii. Larger, 21-23 mm. ; base of thorax narrower than elytra ; front 

femora of male simple. fuscicobnis. 
gg. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base ; color and size of fus- 
cicornis. 301. erythropus. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



165 



294 (1009). Chi^enius solitaries Say. Trans. Airier. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

65 ; ibid. II, 487. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Above bright green; legs and basal por- 
tion of antennae pale yellow; under surface dark reddish-brown, the last 
ventral segment margined with dull yellow. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, base and apex almost equal and much narrower than elytra ; sides 
rather strongly curved in front, sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular; 
disk sparsely punctured along the base and apex. Elytral intervals convex, 
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 12-14 mm. 

Starke. Vigo. Martin. Posey and Clark counties; scarce. April 
15-December 10. Resembles prasinus in color but smaller, brighter 
green and with much narrower thorax. 

295 (1008). Chljenius leucoscelis Chevr.. Col. Mex.. I. 1834, 71. 
Elongate-oval. Above dark violet blue; antennae and legs reddish- 
brown ; under surface piceous. Thorax as in solitarius, the basal impres- 
sions and median line deeper, the former long and curved; center of disk 
each side not punctured. Elytral intervals subconvex. rather densely and 
finely punctulate. Length 13.5-10 mm. 

Clark and Floyd counties : frequent beneath stones along the 
Ohio River. April 15-October 9. 

296 (1007). Chlenius PBASixrs Dej.. Spec. II. 1826, 345. 

Elongate oval, robust. Above bright green ; legs and antenna? pale ; 
under surface black, the last ventral segment dull yellow. Thorax broader 
than long; sides curved in front, gradually narrowed from middle to base, 
which is distinctly narrower chan elytra: hind angles obtuse; disk coarsely 
and sparsely punctate. Elytral striae shallow, distinctly punctured; inter- 
vals rather densely and finely punctate. Length 17-18 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent in damp localities. April 16- 
July 14. In one specimen from Vigo County the elytra are blackish- 
green. 

297 (1003). Cn ive Nius tkstivus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1S23. 62; 

ibid. II. 484. 

Elongate-oval. Head and thorax green, slightly bronzed; elytra black 
with bluish tinge : legs and three basal joints of antenna? pale ; under sur- 
face black. Head, except the middle of front, coarsely and deeply punctate. 
Thorax nearly as long as wide, sides feebly sinuate near base, disk coarsely 
and densely punctured. Elytral stria? finely punctured; intervals finely, 
densely and indistinctly punctulate. Length 16-17 mm. 

Southern part of State, frequent; much less so in the northern 
counties. April 12-June 28. 

C. plaiyderus Oh and.. 14.5 mm. in length, is recorded from I He 
nois and westward, and possibly occurs in western Indiana. 



166 



FAMILY IT. CABABlDiE. 



298 (1001). CiniENius diffinis Chaud., Bull. Mosc, III, 1856, 279. 

Elongate-oval, robust. Bluish with a tinge of green; elytra darker; 
antennas brown, three basal joints paler. Head coarsely punctured, smooth 
at middle and in front. Thorax with base very little broader than apex, 
sides moderately curved in front, slightly converging, not sinuate near base ; 
disk moderately convex, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytral stria with 
rather distant punctures ; intervals flat, rather densely punctulate. Length 
13-15 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 11 -July 11. 

*299 (996). Chlj£NIUs sericeus Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins. Cent.. I. 1771, 58. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender, convex. Bright green, 
sometimes with a bluish tinge; antennas usually pale, 
often with the apical joints darker ; under surface black. 
Thorax nearly quadrate, wider at base than apex, dense- 
ly and rather coarsely and deeply punctate. Elytral stria? 
tine, with rather fine, distant punctures; intervals flat, 
densely and finely punctate. Length 13-17 mm. f Fig. 89. ) 

Throughout the State; common about the mar- 
gins of ponds, lakes and streams. April 16-Deeem- 

ber 8. 

Fi g;89 . >< IS- 300 (1000). Chi^enius laticollis Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. 

(Original.) 

Soc. II. 1823. 64; ibid. II. 486. 
Resembles diffinis very closely. Differs in having the antenna? and legs 
uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax wider, feebly sinuate near the base, 
which is distinctly wider than apex ; disk less densely punctured and more 
convex. Length 13-15 mm. 

Lake and Starke counties; rare. April 8-May 28. The longer 
side pieces of rnetasternum. broader thorax, short spine near base of 
male femora and wholly pale antenna? easily distinguish it from 
diffinis. 

C. fusicornis Dej.. antenna? brown, the two basal joints paler, 
is recorded from the "Gulf States. Illinois and Missouri. 




*301 (994). Chl.=exius eeytheopus Germ.. Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, 11. 

Elongate-oval, very robust. Piceous-black. the thorax with a tinge of 
blue; legs and antenna? uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, base broader than apex; surface densely and rather coarsely 
punctured. Elytral stria? fine, finely punctured ; intervals flat, rather dense- 
ly punctulate. Front femora of male subangulate at base. Length 21- 
23 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 1-September 22. 
Taken in Vigo County in January and February, but more common 
in colonies the first warm days of Mareii, 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



167 



(tROUP B. 

The species of this group are, as a rule, much smaller than those 
of Group A. The males are without a pubescent space at tip of 
middle tibia?, and the third joint of antenna? is almost always equal 
to or shorter than the fourth. 

KEY TO I-NDIAJNA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Abdomen without punctures and glabrous; thorax as broad at base as 
elytra, sides in it sinuate, basal impressions; very feeble, surface dense- 
ly punctured. 302. tomentosus. 
(ia. Abdomen sparsely punctured and pubescent ever the entire surface. 
h. Sides of thorax not sinuate: presternum not margined at tip. 

c. Legs black; thorax as wide at base as elytra, its disk with coarse 
punctures very irregularly placed. 
d. Margin of thorax not thickened: basal line angulate at humerus: 
purplish or violet blue above : length S.5-9.5 mm. 

303. PURPURICOLLIS. 

dd. Margin of thorax thickened near base: humeri of elytra rounded: 
black above: length 11 .5-12.5 mm. 304. xiger. 

cc. Legs reddish-yellow; thorax more finely and densely punctured, 
narrower at apex than base and with a narrow red margin. 

305. EMPUXCTIEROXS. 

hh. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate: presternum margined at tip, its 
side pieces coarsely punctured. 
c. Elytral intervals finely muricate: i. e.. with numerous fine, rigid 
points. 306. pennsylvanicus. 

cc. Elytral intervals finely and sparsely punctured, not muricate. 
/. Head and thorax green, varying to blue, shining. 
g. Labrum feebly emarginate : elytra very obsoletely and sparsely 
punctate. 307. brevilabbis. 

gg. Labrum truncate. 30S. tricolor. 

ft. Plead and thorax coppery bronze: thorax alutaceous, subopaque, 
more finely and sparsely punctate. 309. xemoraljs. 

302 (1032). Chlemus toxiextoscs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 1S23. 
60: ibid. II. 183. 
Broadly oval, robust. Blackish, purplish or greenish and 
feebly bronzed above: antennre black, two basal joints pale, 
the third joint longer than fourth : under surface and legs 
black, shining. Head nearly smooth, a few wrinkles and 
punctures above each eye. Thorax gradually broader from 
apex to base, disk densely and coarsely punctured, with a 
few irregular smooth spaces. Elytral striae shallow, punc- 
tures round, rather coarse: intervals feebly convex, finely 
punctulate and pubescent. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Fig. 90. ) 

Fig. 90. X li. 

Throughout the State: common. March 23— Novem- (Original., 
her 20. Often found at electric light and probably hibernates. 
The abdomen is sometimes sparsely punctured on the sides. 




168 



FAMILY II. CABABIDiE. 



308 (1Q3.1 ) . Ohl^enius pubpt eicollts Rand., Rost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IT, 
1838, 35. 

Oblong-oval. Dark violet blue above, black beneatb ; antennae black, 
basal joint pale. Thorax gradually narrower from base to apex, surface 
coarsely and very irregularly punctured, the sides in front of middle almost 
smooth. Elytral striae very fine, distantly and finely punctured; intervals 
flat with numerous rather coarse, simple punctures. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties ; rare. May 14- August 26. Occurs 
along the beach of Lake Michigan. 

304 (1029). Chi^enius nigee Rand.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 34. 
Broadly oval. Uniform black throughout; head and thorax shining. 

Thorax one-third broader thair long, apex narrower than base, hind angles 
obtuse; basal impressions deep; disk coarsely punctured, with irregular 
smooth spaces each side of middle. Elytral striae finely punctured; inter- 
vals convex, rather densely and roughly punctured. Length 11.5-12.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. April 5-July 9. 

305 (1025). Chl.enius impunctifeons Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 

1823, 64 ; ibid. II, 486. 
Elongate-oval. Head bright green; thorax blackish-green, subopaque; 
elytra black; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax broader than 
long, very flat; base as broad as elytra, hind angles obtuse. Elytral striae 
rather deep, finely punctured; intervals flat, finely and roughly punctate. 
Length 13.5-16 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 16-August 26. Easily 
known by the very flat thorax with a narrow pale margin. 

*306 (1021). Chl^nius pennsylvanicus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823, 66; ibid. II, 487. 
Elongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax bright green ; elytra darker 
green; antennas reddish-brown, three basal joints paler; under surface 
black, legs pale. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides moderately curved, 
feebly sinuate near base; disk convex, coarsely and rather sparsely punc- 
tate; basal impressions linear, deep. Elytral striae deep, rather coarsely 
punctured; intervals flat, muricate. Length 10-11.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; more common in the northern half, 
where it often occurs in small colonies beneath rubbish along the 
margins of lakes. January 3-October 13. 

307 (1019). Chl^enius bkevilabeis Lee, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 
437. 

Form and color of pennsylvanicus. Elytra bluish-black, the intervals 
flat, finely and indistinctly punctured. Length 10-12 mm. 



THE G JKOTIND BEETLES. 



169 



Northern half of State ; scarce. April 26-November 28. Very 
close to tricolor but narrower and with the labrum feebly but dis- 
tinctly and broadly erjiarginate, the thorax broader and less nar- 
rowed in front and the elytral stripe more coarsely punctured. 

308 (1018). Chl^nius tricolor Dej., Spec. II, 1820, 334. 

Elongate-oval, broader than the two preceding. Head 
and thorax green, elytra blackish-blue. Thorax nar- 
rower at apex than base, broader than long; sides 
curved and feebly sinuate behind; disk rather coarse- 
ly and densely punctured, basal impressions narrow 
and rather deep. Elytral striae fine, rather deep, fine- 
ly punctured ; intervals flat, finely, sparsely and indis- 
tinctly punctate. Length 11.5-13 mm. (Fig. 91.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 17- 
November 28. 




Fig. 91. X 2 J. (Original.) 



309 (1017). CHLiENius nem oralis Say, Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 65 ; ibid. II, 487. 
Form of tricolor. Head and thorax coppery-bronze; 
elytra black with but a faint bluish tinge; antennae and legs reddish-brown. 
Thorax narrower at apex than base; disk alutaceous, finely and rather 
sparsely punctured ; basal impressions narrow, deep ; median line distinctly 
impressed its full length. Elytral striae narrow, rather coarsely punctured ; 
intervals slightly convex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11.5- 
13 mm. 

Northern half of State ; frequent. March 21-October 7. Very 
close to tricolor but the thorax distinctly alutaceous. subopaque, 
more convex in front and much more finely punctate. 



LVI. Anomoglossus Chaucl. 1856. (Gr., "irregular + tongue. ") 

The members of this genus resemble those of Ghlcenms, but 
differ by the entire absence of any men turn tooth and by the man- 
dibles being longer and less curved. The entire surface of the ab- 
domen is punctured and pubescent, the basal line of elytra is angu- 
late at humerus and the labrum is emarginate. Two species occur 
in Indiana. This genus and the next are treated by: 

Horn.— In Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, V, 1876, 273-274. 

Horn.— In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. IY, 1882, 29. 

310 (1034). Anomoglossus emarginatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823. 62 ; ibid. II. 485. 
Elongate-oval, rather slender. Head bright green; thorax green tinged 
with bronze; elytra dark blue; antennae and legs pale. Thorax slightly 
longer tbau wide, broader at base than apex, sides not at all sinuate near 
base, hind angles obtuse, disk coarsely and rather closely punctate, Ely- 
tral intervals flat, densely and coarsely punctured. Length 12-14 mm. 



170 



FAMILY II. — CARABTDiE. 



Southern half of State, frequent; much less so northward. 
April 16-October 17. Resembles Ohlcenhts cestivus closely in gen- 
eral appearance. 

*311 (1036). Anomoglossl's pusillus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sue. II, 
1S23, 63; ibid. II, 485. 
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax bluish-green ; elytra dark blue, some- 
times black ; antennse and legs reddish-brown. Labrum deeply emarginate. 
Thorax as wide as long, narrower at base than apex; sides distinctly sin- 
uate, hind angles acute ; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and deeply punctate. 
Elytral intervals moderately convex, coarsely and closely punctured. Length 
8-8.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. January 21-August 9. Occurs 
beneath rubbish in damp localities. 

LVIJ. Beachylobus Chaud. 187b. (Gr.. "short + lobe.") 

Known from allied genera by the mentum being without lobes, 
transversely trapezoidal, much narrowed and scarcely at all emar- 
ginate in front, its sides very obliquely truncate; mentum tooth en- 
tirely absent. One species occurs in Indiana. 

312 (1037). Beachylobus ijthopjtelus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 
1823, 62 ; ibid. II. 485. 
Elongate-oval. Green or blackish-green, head and thorax shining; ely- 
tra thickly clothed with yellowish hairs; antenme fuscous, paler at base; 
legs pale; under surface black. Thorax one-third broader than long, nar- 
rower at apex than base, the latter as broad as elytra ; sides broadly curved, 
not sinuate : disk densely and coarsely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Ely- 
tral stria? finely punctured, intervals fiat, sparsely and finely punctulate. 
Pro- and mesosterna coarsely punctured. Length 9-9.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 6-September 5. Oc- 
curs mostly in damp sandy places about the margins of lakes and 
streams. 

LVIII. Lachnocrepis Lec. 1853. (Gr.. "soft hair + foot. ") 

One rather small black species, the male of which has four joints 
of the front tarsi rather broadly dilated, represents this genus in 
the United States. The principal papers treating of it and the 
next two are by : 

Horn. — "On the Species of Codes and Allied Genera of the 

U. S.." in Trans. Amer. But. Soc. Ill, 1870, 105-109. 
Rom.— "Synoptic Table/' in Bull, Brook, Bat Soc, TV. 1882, 
29, 30. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



171 



313 (1039). Lachnocrepis parallelus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 

1834, 420 ; ibid. II, 532. 
Elongate-oblong, parallel, subconvex. Black, shining, very finely alu- 
taceous ; antennae piceous, two basal joints paler ; legs and region of hind 
angles of thorax reddish-brown, the latter translucent. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, widest a little behind the middle; apex narrower than 
base, the latter as wide as elytra ; disk not punctured ; hind angles obtuse. 
Elytra seven-striate, the striae parallel their full length, finely and distantly 
punctate; intervals subconvex, smooth. Length 9.5-10.5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; scarce. May 6-October 29. Oc- 
curs near water. 

LIX. Anatrichi^ Lec. 1853. (Gr., "without + hair.") 

Small oval or oblong black or piceous beetles, separated from 
allied genera by the characters given in the key. One species oc- 
curs in Indiana. 

314 (1040). Anatrichis minuta Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 677. 

Oval, broader behind. Black, shining ; antennae piceous, the basal joints 
and legs reddish-Jbrown. Base of thorax as wide as elytra ; sides feebly 
curved, converging gradually to apex ; disk finely not densely punctate ; 
basal impressions deep, short. Elytral striae deep, serrately punctate; in- 
tervals flat, minutely punctulate. Length 5-6 mm. 

One specimen taken in Posey County. April 9. A member of 
the Austroriparian fauna, 

LX. Oodes Bon. 1813. (Gr., "egg + form.") 

Small or medium sized, oval or oblong, black or greenish-black, 
shining beetles, resembling closely certain forms of the genus 
Amara. All have the thorax as wide at base as elytra, and the 
third interval of latter with two dorsal punctures behind the 
middle. They occur, for the most part, beneath stones, etc., along 
the margin of lakes and ponds. Five species have been taken in 
the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OODES. 

a. Elytra with seven strise equally distinct; first joint of front tarsi of 
male entirely spongy beneath. 
1). Thorax broadest at base; length 7.5-9 mm. 315. amaroides. 

7)6. Thorax broadest just in front of base ; length 12.5 mm. 

c. Elytral striae distinctly and closely punctured; form very broad. 

316. AMERICANUS. 

pc. Elytral striae finely and distantly punctured; form more narrow. 

317. FLUVIALIS 



172 



FAMILY If. CAE ABIDiE. 



aa. Seventh elytral stria either entirely obliterated or replace* by fine, dis- 
tant punctures ; first joint of front tarsi of male spongy only at apex. 
d. Elytral striae punctured their entire length ; tibiae and tarsi pale yel- 
low. 318. crPR-EUs. 
dd. Elytral striae not punctured ; tibiae and tarsi black or piceous. 

319. 14-STBIATES. 

315 (1041). Oodes amakoides Dej.. Spec. V, 1829, 664. 

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining ; margin and basal angles of 
thorax often translucent; antennae reddish-brown, legs piceous. Thorax 
gradually broader from apex to base, where it is one-half wider than long ; 
sides feebly curved; disk smooth, basal and median impressions obsolete. 
Elytra with sides subparallel and very obtuse at apex; striae finely punc- 
tured ; intervals flat. Length 7.5-9 mm. 

Lake. Kosciusko. Marshall and Knox counties; frequent, June 
17- August 17. 

316 (1042). Oodes amebicaxes Dej., Spec. II. 1826. 377. 

Broadly oval ; black, shining, finely alutaceous ; legs and antennae as in 
amaroides. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base, slightly narrower 
at base than immediately in front ; median line fine but distinct. Elytra 
subparallel ; stria^ moderately deep, finely and closely punctured ; intervals 
feebly convex. Length 12.5 mm. 

Knox and Vigo cpuniies ; scarce. April 23-Septeniber 2. 

317 (1043). Oodes flevialis Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 13. 
Resembles the preceding but narrower and more convex. 

Thorax less rounded in at base, with more distinct median 
line. Elytral striae less deep, very finely, distantly and in- 
distinctly punctured ; intervals flat. Length 12.5 mm. (Fig. 
92.) 

Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko and Marion counties; 
scarce. May 15- August 27. 

318 (1045). Oodes cuprous Chaud., Bull. Mosc. IV, 1843, 
Fig. 92. x if. 761. 
(Original.) Elongate-oval, rather slender. Greenish-bronze; margin 
of thorax and elytra often bright green, shining ; antennae and femora pic- 
eous, the two basal joints of former paler. Elytral striae shallow, the sev- 
enth wholly absent ; intervals flat. Length 10 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. August 17-November 9. 

319 (1048). Oodes 14-stkiatus Chaud., Bull. Mosc, IV, 1843, 759. 

Elongate-oval, robust. Greenish-black, slightly bronzed; antennae dark 
reddish-brown. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base; median line 
very faint. Elytra rather deeply striate, the seventh lacking ; intervals 
feebly convex, finely alutaceous. Length 11.5 mm. 

Martin. Clark. Floyd and Posey counties; scarce. April 11- 
September 27. Ganges from Ohio to Louisiana and Texas. 




THE GROUXD BEETLES. 



IT:; 



Tribe ITI. HARPA UNI. 

Antennae usually slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal 
ridge, two basal joints, sometimes a portion of the third, glabrous. 
Head often large, usually moderate, not narrowed to a neck; labrum 
moderately prominent, truncate or emarginate; mandibles stout, 
acute at tip and without bristle-bearing puncture on outer side; 
mentum broad, emarginate. with cr without a median tooth. 
Thorax variable in form, with a lateral seta, but none in the hind 
angles. Body sometimes subpedunculate ; scutellum distinct. Ely- 
tra usually margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed. surface stri- 
ate, often densely punctured, either pubescent or smooth, with or 
without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not prolonged ; hind coxi^e 
contiguous : front tarsi with the outer apical angle spinous or ob- 
tusely prolonged. 

The tribe is a large one. being represented in the United States 
fauna by 17 genera. 11- of which occur in Indiana. Many of these 
have been established on trivial or sexual characters, so that they 
are difficult to distinguish unless both sexes are at hand. To make 
shorter an otherwise long generic key. the genera are distributed by 
Hern among four subtribes. three of which are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SUBTRIBES OF HABPALINI. 

a. Front tarsi of male feebly or not at all dilated, pilose or spinose be- 
neath; eyes, except in Agonoderus, small and widely separated from 
the mouth beneath; oblong or oval convex species, usually piceous or 
brownish-yellow in hue. Subtribe A., p. 173. 

<;■!. Front tarsi of male dilated: less convex, black, brown or picems. rarely 
brownish-yellow species. 
h. Dilated joints of front tarsi with two rows of small scales beneath. 

Subtribe B.. p. ITS. 

hi). Dilated joints of front tarsi densely spongy pubescent or brush-like 
beneath. Subtribe C, p. 193. 

Subtribe A. (Daptt.) 
To this group belong five Indiana genera, separated as follows: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GfiOl P A. 

a. Mandibles prominent, crossing at an angle, deeply strigose at tip : body 
subpedunculate: front tibia? strongly fossorial. LXI. Geopixis. 

aa. Mandibles not prominent, at most feebly crossing: body not peduncu- 
late. 



174 



FAMILY IT. CAKABIDJE. 



h. Outer apical angle of front tibiae prolonged; form robust; length 
14 mm. LXII. Nothopus. 

bb. Outer apical angle of tibiae not prolonged; form less robust; length 
less than 11 mm. 

c. Mentum toothed ; hind angles of thorax sharply rectangular ; 

length 8-10 mm. LXIII. Cratacanthus. 

cc. Mentum not toothed ; length less than 8.5 mm. 

d. First joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second; outer edge 
of middle tibiae rather flat and with a double row of spinules 
closely placed ; elytra with one dorsal puncture. 

LXIV. Agonodebus. 

dd. First joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the next three; middle 
tibiae with the spinules sparsely placed, in the male curved 
and serrate on the inner side ; three rows of dorsal punctures. 

LXV. Discodeeus. 

LXI. Geopinus Lee 1848. (Gr., 1 1 earth + dirt. ") 

Represented in the United States by one medium-sized robust 
species which burrows deeply in damp, sandy localities. The sur- 
face is smooth and glabrous, thus favoring its subterranean life. It 
may often be taken by suddenly turning over an old log partly 
buried in sand. 

320 (1052). Geopinus inckassatus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 21. 

Oblong, convex. Brownish-yellow ; front 
and middle of thorax and disk of elytra 
often more or less piceous. Thorax one-half 
broader than long, gradually narrowed be- 
hind the middle ; base a little narrower than 
elytra, region of the hind angles depressed. 
Elytra sinuate near apex, striae moderately 
deep, not punctured ; intervals slightly con- 
vex. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Fig. 93.) 

Lake, Laporte, Marion and Vigo coun- 
ties; scarce. April 23-June 15. Four 
were taken at electric light in Terre 

Fig. 93. Line shows natural length. Haute Oil June 9. 

LXII. Nothopus Lec. 1853. (Gr., " spurious + foot. ") 

Represented in the United States by a. single rather large, ro- 
bust black or piceous beetle, having the outer angle of front tibia 
narrowly prolonged and rather deeply sinuate above the tooth. It 
occurs from the Rocky Mountains eastward to Illinois and rarely to 
northern Indiana. 




THE GwOUXD BEETLES. 



17-") 




Fig. 94. Noihojius grosms Say ; a, antenna; b, maxilla 
and palpi; c, mandible; d, tarsus. (After LeConte.) 



321 (1054). Xothopus grossus Say, Trans. Amor. Phil. Soc„ IV, 1834, 430. 

ibid, II, 543. 
Robust, convex. Black, shining; 
antenna? and legs piceous. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, as 
wide at base as elytra ; basal mar- 
gin depressed, especially so in the 
region of the hind angles, which are 
rectangular ; disk sparsely but rath- 
er coarsely punctured near base and 
apex. Elytral striae fine, not punc- 
tured ; third, fifth and seventh in- 
tervals each with five to eight dis- 
tinct seta-bearing punctures. Length 
14 mm. ; width 7 mm. (Fig. 94.) 

Known from Indiana by a 
single specimen taken by Wol- 
cott on the beach of Lake Michi- 
gan, near Pine, Lake Comity. 
July 25. Mr. Wolcott had pre- 
viously taken a specimen near 
Bloomington, Illinois. This is 
the species usually known as N. 
zabroides Lec. Say's description is. however, sufficient for deter- 
mination and has priority. 

LXIII. Pratacanthus Dej. 1825. (Gr., "strong + spine. ") 

One medium-sized, oblong, convex beetle represents this genus 
in the United States. It occurs about gardens and the borders of 
cultivated fields, and is often thrown out by spading and plowing. 
It is sometimes attracted by electric light. 

322 (1056). Ceatacanthus dubius Beauv., Ins. d'Amer., 1805, 108. 
Oblong, convex. Piceous, glabrous; legs and antenna? reddish-brown. 

Thorax one-half broader than long ; sides broadly curved from apex to be- 
hind middle, thence strongly sinuate to base, which is narrower than apex ; 
basal impressions short, smooth or with a few coarse punctures. Elytral 
striae deep, not punctured ; intervals slightly convex. Length 8-10 mm. 

Throughout the State : frequent. May 14— September 23. 

LXI V. Agonodertjs Dej . 1 825. ( dr.. ' ' without angle + neck. ' ' ) 

Small brownish-yellow oblong beetles, having the mentum not 
toothed and the front tarsi alike in form in both sexes. Our species 
diminish in size in the order given in key. They occur beneath 
rubbish about gardens and cultivated fields. Several of them hi- 
[12—23402] 



176 TAMIL Y II. CARABIDiE. 

bernate and are on the wing in great numbers during the first 
warm days of spring. They are also very common about electric 
lights in spring and early summer. 

The following papers treat of this genus and two of those which 
follow : 

LeConte. — "Notes on the Species of Agonoderus. Bradycellus 
and Sienolophus inhabiting America North of Mexico." in 
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1868, 373-382. 

LeConte.— 1 1 Synoptic Table/' in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. VI, 
1883. 13. 50. 53. 

Five species of Agonoderus have been taken in Indiana, while 
two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGONODERUS. 

a. Body stouter and more convex; thorax transverse, quadrate-oval: hind 
angles of thorax strongly rounded : length 6.5-S.5 nun. 
h. Pale yellow ; two spots on disk of thorax and two stripes on elytra 
dark; scutellar stria long; one dorsal puncture. 323. lixeola. 
hi). Dark brownish-yellow or piceous. narrow margin of thorax and 
broader one of elytra pale; scutellar stria shorter; dorsal punc- 
tures wanting. inftjscatus. 
aa. Body more elongate, less convex; thorax scarcely wider than long, more 
or less distinctly narrowed behind ; elytra with one dorsal puncture. 
c. Larger. 5.5-7 mm. : pale, elytra with a wide black stripe, divided by 
the suture ; disk of thorax often with a large dusky spot ; head 
black. 324. pallipes. 

cc. Smaller. 2,5-4 mm. 

d. Head black : scutellar stria distinct. 

c. Thorax pale, without blackish spot: body beneath wholly or in 
part dusky. 

f. Basal impressions well marked, with a few coarse punctures ; 
elytra with a broad ill-defined dusky cloud divided by the 
sutural interval : thorax dusky beneath. 325. paetiaeius. 
//. Basal impressions less marked, with few if any punctures; 
elytra more or less dusky with suture and margin pale: 
thorax pale beneath. 326. paepeeculus. 

ec. Thorax with a large blackish spot on disk : elytra blackish with 
suture and margin brownish-yellow. ixdistixctes. 
eld. Head pale, of the same color as thorax : body beneath yellowish 
or reddish-brown : scutellar stria short or wanting. 

327. TESTAC El s. 

323 (1059). Agonodebis lixeola Fab.. Ent. Syst.. I. 1795. 155. 

Oblong, convex. Color as given in key ; head with a crescent shaped 
black spot: elytral dark stripes separated by the sutural interval. Thorax 
one-fourth broader than long, basal depressions small, finely punctured, hind 
angles much rounded. Elytra minutely alutaceous: intervals feebly con- 
vex. Length 7.5 -8.5 mm. 



Till-: (iROrXD I5KKTLKS. 



177 



Lake, Vigo and Kosciusko counties; frequent. April 23-June 
9. Probably occurs throughout the State. 

A. infuscaUis Dej., 5-6.5 mm. in length, ranges from New York 
southward arid has been reported by Dury from Cincinnati. 

-324 (1061). Agonoderus pallipes Fab.. Ent. Syst, I, 1795. 159. 

Oblong, less convex. Color as given in key, 
sometimes almost wholly pale; antennae dark red- 
dish-brown, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax 
with hind margin and shallow basal impressions 
finely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Elytra with 
deep smooth striae; intervals convex. Length 5-6 
mm. (Fig. 95.) 

Throughout the State; common. January 
21-September 18. Occurs in abundance at 
electric lights. The more northern specimens 
are larger. 6-7 mm. in length, with head a 
deeper black, elytra! dark stripe wider and scutellar strias one-half 
or more longer. The name comma was given them by Fabricius, 
and they represent at least a distinct variety. 

*325 (1062). Agonoderus parttarius Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II. 
1823. 90 ; ibid. IX 504. 

Oblong, subconvex. Antennae brownish, legs pale. Thorax as wide as 
long, sides broadly curved ; disk convex, median impressed line deep, a few 
fine punctures near apex and coarser ones in the basal impressions ; hind 
angles rounded. Elytral striae deep ; intervals convex. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. February 5-November 11. 

326 (1063). Agonoderus pauberculus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828. 453. 

Oblong, slender. Reddish-brown ; elytra more or less dusky or piceous, 
the suture and margins pale. Thorax minutely alutaceous. more narrowed 
behind ; basal impressions more shallow : disk less convex, without punc- 
tures near apex. Elytral striae fine, intervals flat. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. March 20-November 30. 

A. indistinctus Dej.. 3-4 mm., is recorded from Xew York and 
Xew Jersey, and also by Dury from near Cincinnati. I have not 
seen a specimen from Indiana. 

327 (1065). Agonoderus testaceus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828. 460. 

Oblong, subconvex. Uniform reddish-brown above, disk of elytra some- 
times with a faint dusky cloud : antennae dusky, basal joints and legs pale 
yellow. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly curved, hind angles much 
rounded: basal impressions faint with a few large punctures: disk convex, 
sparsely punctate near apex, median line deep. Scutellar stria of elytra 
punctiform. Length 2.5-3 mm. 




ITS 



FAMILY II. CARABIM. 



Dubois, Crawford and Jennings counties; scarce. May 1— 
May 17. 

LXV. Discoderus Lee. 1 853. (Or., ' 1 disk + neck. ") 

Oblong black or piceous beetles, of small or medium size, having 
the basal joint of hind tarsi elongate and the second, fifth and sev- 
enth dorsal striae each with a number of small dorsal punctures. 
The males have but one bristle-bearing puncture on each side of the 
last ventral segment, while the females have two. The genus is 
treated by : 

Horn.— In Bull. Brook. -Ent. Soc, VI, 1883, 52. 
One species occurs in Indiana. 

328 (1067). Discodeeus parallelus Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 
1842, 301. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, subopaque, finely alutaceous ; antennae pale 
reddish-brown ; under surface and legs piceous. Thorax as broad as long, 
slightly narrower at apex than base ; disk strongly convex, side margin 
narrowly depressed toward the base and with numerous minute punctures ; 
hind angles rounded. Elytra 1 striae rather deep, intervals convex. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Putnam and Marion counties ; rare. September 7-October 1. 

Subtribe B. (HarpAli.) 

To this group Horn ascribes eight genera, seven of which are 
represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GROUP B. 

a. Antennae with only two basal joints glabrous. 

b. Last joint of labial palpi shorter than the preceding, the latter with 
a number of setae in front. 
c. Front tarsi dilated in both sexes, the first joint only in the female ; 

body not .pedunculate. LXVI. Gynandropus. 

cc. Front tarsi dilated in the male only. 

0. Elytra with at most one dorsal puncture ; first joint of hind tar- 
sus not longer than the two following. LXVII. Harpalus, 
(Id. Elytra with three rows of dorsal punctures; first joint of hind 
tarsus equal to the next three ; length 5-10 mm. 

LXVIII. Selenophorus. 
lib. Last joint of labial palpi equal to or even a little longer than the 
preceding, the latter with only two setae. 
e. Next to last joint of front and middle tarsi of male bilobed ; middle 
tarsi dilated ; length less than 8 mm. LXIX. Stenolophus. 
ee. Next to last joint simply emarginate ; middle tarsi of male not or 
very feebly dilated. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



179 



f. Mentum not toothed; elytra frequently with several dorsal punc- 
tures; length less than 3.5 mm. LXX. Acupaipus. 
ff. Mentum toothed; elytra with a single dorsal puncture; lengtli 
4.5-5.5 mm. LXXI. Beadycellus. 
aa. Antenna? with three basal joints glabrous; mentum toothed; middle 
tarsi of males with two rows of small scales beneath; length 5.5- 
7 mm. L/XXII. Tachycellus. 

LXVI. Gynandropus Dej. 1825. (Gr., "of doubtful sex + feet. ") 

Small oblong black beetles having the first joint of front tarsi 
of males almost as long as the next two. One species occurs in In- 
diana. 

329 (1074). Gynandropus hylacis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 
31 ; ibid. II, 459. 

Elongate, rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining ; antennae and 
legs pale, the former dusky toward apex. Thorax convex, as long as wide, 
narrower at base than elytra, widest at middle, sides broadly curved ; basal 
depressions distinct, coarsely punctured ; hind angles obtuse. Elytral striae 
moderately deep, the second, fifth and seventh each with a number of fine 
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm. 

Starke, Marion, Putnam. Jackson and Dubois counties; scarce. 
March 31 November 23. Occurs beneath bark. 

LXVII. Harpalcs Lat. 1802. (Gr., "greedy ") 

Large or medium-sized beetles, usually oblong in form and 
rather flat, having the thorax nearly square ; elytral striae not punc- 
tured ; first joint of hind tarsi never longer than the next two. The 
males have the first four joints of the front and middle tarsi di- 
lated, the dilated joints scaly beneath. They occur beneath logs 
and rubbish, most commonly about the margin of cultivated fields, 
and for the most part are considered beneficial, though the largest 
and one of the most common. H. caliginosiis, is a seed eater and it is 
claimed feeds largely upon clover and grass seeds. In 19 specimens 
dissected by Dr. Forbes, only about 12 per cent, of the food was of 
animal origin, principally caterpillars and ants, while seeds and 
other tissues of grasses made up 14 per cent. The only paper treat- 
ing of the genus is by 

LeConte. — "Notes on the Species of Harpalus Inhabiting Amer- 
ica North of Mexico," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 1865, 
98-104. 

The genus is a large one, about 50 species being known from the 
United States. Of these 17 have been taken in Indiana, while eight 
others perhaps occur. For convenience the Indiana species may 
be divided into two groups : 



180 



FAMILY II. CARABIM2. 



KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA HARP ALUS. 

a. Elytra without a dorsal puncture oh the third interval. Group A. 

a a. Elytra with a small dorsal puncture on the third interval behind the 
middle and near the second stria. Group B. 

Group A. 

To this group as denned above belong our largest and most 
common species. In the keys which follow the "accessory setae" 
refer to long bristles located about midway between the ambula- 
tor] al seta 1 and the side of the abdomen. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Elytra distinctly, sometimes deeply, sinuate at tip ; abdomen without 
accessory setae. 

h. Color above not (or very rarely) black or piceous; thorax distinctly 
narrower behind the middle ; elytra deeply sinuate, outer angle 
acute in female. 

c. Pale reddish-brown above, elytra often darker ; body elongate ; 

length 14 or more. 330. erraticus. 

cc. Metallic green or coppery (very rarely black) ; length 9.5-10 mm. 

VIRIDL^NEUS. 

1)1). Uniform black, piceous or dark reddish-brown above; elytra much 
less deeply sinuate, the outer angle not acute in female. 

d, Mentum not toothed ; legs black ; length 21-25 mm. 

331. CALIGINOSUS. 

dd. Mentum toothed; legs and antennae reddish-brown. 

e. Uniform piceous or dark brownish-red above; thorax nearly 
square, its side margins depressed, scarcely wider behind. 

f. Intervals of elytra more or less convex ; sides of thorax feebly 

rounded; length 12.5 mm. 332. faunus. 

ff. Intervals flat; sides of thorax more rounded in front; length 
10.5-12 mm. 333. convivus. 

ce. Uniform black above. 

g. All the intervals of elytra of female densely punctate; in male 

those on sides only ; length 13.5-15 mm. 334. vagans. 

gg. Discal intervals of elytra of female not or sparingly punctate. 
h. Thorax slightly narrowed in front, not narrowed behind; 
region of the basal angles strongly depressed, densely punc- 
tate. 335. PENNSYLVANICUS. 

hh. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, not narrowed in front; 
region of the basal angles feebly depressed. 
i. Larger. 13.5-16 mm. 
j. Thorax one-third or more broader than long ; sides of 
elytra not punctulate. 336. compar. 

jj. Thorax nearly as long as broad; sides of elytra finely 
punctulate. 337. longior. 

id. Smaller, 10.5 12 mm.; margin of thorax narrowly reddish- 
brown, translucent. 33S. erythropus. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



181 



aa. Elytra very slightly or not at all sinuate at tip ; abdomen with accessory 
setae on sides, arising from distinct punctures ; mentum tooth entirely 
wanting ; body oblong-oval ; color uniform pale brownish-yellow. 

339. TESTACEUS. 

330 (3079). Hakpalus ebraticus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

27 ; ibid. II, 455. 

Elongate, parallel. Reddish-brown above ; under surface and legs red- 
dish-yellow. Thorax slightly broader than long, basal impressions broad, 
shallow, rather closely and finely punctate; hind angles obtuse, slightly 
rounded. Elytra very deeply sinuate at tip, outer angle of sinuation acute 
and toothed in female ; striae deep ; intervals convex. Length 14.5-18 mm. 

Throughout the State in sandy localities; frequent. April 10- 
October 25. Sometimes taken at electric light. 

H. viridicenus Beauv., has been taken by Wolcott and others 
along the beach of Lake Michigan at Chicago. It undoubtedly oc- 
curs in Lake and Porter counties, but no authentic Indiana speci= 
men is at hand. 

331 (1083). Harp alus caliginosus Fab., Syst. EL. I, 1801, 188. 
Elongate, robust. Black; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax 

broader than long, as broad at base as elytra, narrower in front ; basal 
impressions broadr shallow, densely and finely rugose-punctate; hind angles 
rectangular. Elytra deeply striate ; intervals moderately convex. Length 
21-25 mm. (Fig. 79.) 

One of the most common of our large beetles. Occurs every- 
where throughout the State and sometimes attracted by thousands 
to the electric lights of the larger cities. One of these swarms oc- 
curred in Indianapolis June 14. 1900. Often seen roaming about 
in daytime in stubble and cornfields, and in early autumn feeding 
upon the seeds of ragweed. The female of a pair in copulation was 
noted so feeding September 16. She removed, bit into and de- 
voured a seed kernel every 40 seconds, this being the average time 
during fifteen minutes' observation. April 6-November 21. 

332 (1084). Harpaixs faunus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1S23, 28; 

ibid. II, 457. 

Oblong, parallel. Uniform dark reddish-brown ; antennae and legs pale. 
Thorax as broad as long, sides feebly rounded ; basal impressions broad, 
shallow, distinctly punctured, the punctures extending across the base. 
Elytral striae moderately deep, intervals alutaceous, the fifth and seventh, 
and sometimes the apical portion of the third with a row of dorsal punc- 
tures in the female. Length 11-12 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 26-September 20. 

333 (1085). Habpalus convivus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1S65. 102. 
Slightly smaller and more narrow than faimus, which it resembles 



182 



FAMILY IT. CATtABIDiE. 



closely in color and structure. Thorax more rounded on the sides in front, 
distinctly transverse, very slightly narrowed behind and with deeper basal 
impressions. Length 10.5-11.5 mm. 

Marion. Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. May 20-Novem- 
ber 8. 

334 (1086). Harpalls vagans Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865. 102. 

Elongate-oblong. Blackish-piceous ; antennae, palpi and legs reddish- 
brown ; under surface reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly broader than long, 
feebly narrowed behind the middle, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions 
shallow, rather broad, ill defined, densely and finely punctate. Elytral stria? 
shallow; intervals strongly alutaceous, flat, densely and finely punctate in 
the female; subconvex. the fifth to eighth sparsely punctate in the male. 
Length 13.5-14.5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of the State ; scarce. April 6-October 17. 
The females of this species are easily recognized. The males can 
be told from those of pennsylv aniens by the thorax being narrowed 
behind, and from those of compar, which they closely resemble, by 
the punctures of fifth to eighth intervals. 

*335 (1087). Harpalls Pennsylvania s Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 108. 

Oblong-robust, subparallel. Black, moder- 
ately shining; antennae and legs reddish-yel- 
low ; under surface dark reddish-brown to 
piceous. Thorax broader than long, sides 
gradually curved, base as wide as elytra, 
hind angles obtuse; margin in front of the 
angles depressed and, together with the large 
basal impressions, densely and finely punc- 
tate. Elytral stria? moderately deep ; inter- 
vals convex, alutaceous, the fifth to eighth 
with numerous small punctures in female, 
very sparsely punctate in male. Length 13-15.5 mm. (Fig. 96.) 

Common throughout the State. February 6-Oetober 10. Often 
seen at electric lights. Feeds on ragweed and other seeds and also 
on caterpillars, etc. 

336 (1087a). Harpalls compar Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 395. 

Resembles pennsylnamcus but distinguished by characters given in key. 
Thorax quadrate, broader in proportion to its length (5.5x4 mm.), much 
less depressed in region of hind angles; elytral intervals alutaceous. 5 to 8 
not punctate in either sex. Length 14-16.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 9-October 17. This 
and the next two are listed by Henshaw and others as varieties of 
pennsylv aniens, but in my opinion are valid species; the separating 




THE GROUND BEETLES. b s: > 

characters, when once recognized, being more evident than in many 
of the species of Bembidium, Chlcenius and other genera of the 
family. 

337 (1087b). Harpalus longior Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1838, 43. 
Elongate, narrower than the two preceding. Thorax about as long as 

broad (4.5x4 mm.), gradually narrower behind the middle, distinctly nar- 
rower at base than in compar; hind angles obtuse ; basal impressions wide, 
shallow, densely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, intervals of male subconvex. 
the fifth to eighth finely and sparsely punctate. Length 13.5-15 mm. 

Marion, Vigo and Floyd counties; scarce. June 2-Septem- 
ber 11. 

338 (10S7c). Hakpalus erythropus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 258. 

Oblong. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed behind, sides feebly 
curved, hind angles but little rounded ; basal impressions broad, shallow, 
finely and densely punctate. Elytral intervals alutaceous, not punctate. 
Length 10.5-12 mm. 

Southern half of State, common ; less so northward. April 27- 
October 5. A pair were taken mating on September 29. 

339 (1119). Hakpalus testaceus Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 

385. 

Oblong-oval. Color given in key. Thorax one-half broader than long, 
sides feebly curved to behind the middle, thence sinuate to base; margin 
rather broad, depressed, with a row of punctures ; hind angles rectangular, 
basal impressions small, sparingly punctate. Elytral stride deep ; intervals 
convex. Length 10-10.5 mm. 

Starke and Posey counties; scarce. August 23-September 19. 
Occurs in sandy localities. The hind angles are more prominent 
than in any other species of Harpalus. 

Group B. 

The species of this group average much smaller than those of 
Group A. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Elytra obliquely but distinctly sinuate at tip ; abdomen without ac- 
cessory seta?. 

b. Bicolored above ; head and thorax reddish-brown, elytra black or 
piceous. 

g. Thorax scarcely narrowed behind ; basal depressions shallow, finely 
punctured. 340. dichrous. 

cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind; basal impressions deeper, more 
coarsely punctured. 341. vulpeculus. 

htj. Uniform black or piceous above. 

d. Legs reddish-brown ; extreme margin of thorax pale. 



184 



FAMILY II. — CAKABILVE. 



c. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind, sides not depressed, base not 
punctured ; elytra not alutaceous. 
/. Length 9.5-10 mm. spadiceus. 
//. Length 7.5-8 mm. 342. autumnalis. 

ee. Thorax not narrowed behind. 

g. Body oblong-oval ; thorax not distinctly narrowed in front. 
7/. Hind angles of thorax obtuse or but very slightly rounded. 
L Base of thorax finely punctured ; length 8.5-10.5 mm. 

FALLAX. 

ii. Base coarsely punctured ; epipleura reddish-brown ; length 
7.5-10 mm. pleuriticus. 
hh. Hind angles distinctly rounded; thorax one-half wider than 
long ; length 8-10 mm. 343. herbivagus. 

gg. Body nearly elliptical ; thorax narrowed in front. 

./'. Elytra alutaceous ; sides of thorax feebly depressed ; length 
8.5 mm. opacipennis. 
./'./'. Elytra not alutaceous; sides of thorax not depressed; length 
6-7.5 mm. 344. nitidulus. 

d(l. Legs, or at least the femora, black or piceous; margin of thorax 
not paler. 

k. Head decidedly narrower than thorax. 

I. Thorax not much wider than long : tibiae and tarsi reddish- 

brown ; length 9-9.5 mm. innocuus. 

II. Thorax distinctly wider than long; legs wholly black; length 

10-11.5 mm. rufimani s. 

JcJc. Head very large, scarcely narrower than thorax. 

m. Sides of thorax distinctly depressed, hind angles rectangular ; 
length 12-14 mm. 345. laticeps. 

mm. Sides of thorax not depressed, hind angles rounded at apex ; 
length 13-14 mm. 346. viduus. 

aa. Elytra very slightly sinuate at apex; abdomen with accessory seta?; 
piceous, thorax and elytra greenish-bronzed. gravis. 

340 (1076). Harpali s dichbous Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 258. 

Oblong-oval. Color given in key; elytra strongly iridescent; antennae 
and legs pale. Thorax broader than long; sides broadly rounded, rather 
widely depressed ; hind angles obtuse, somewhat rounded ; base finely punc- 
tured. Elytral striae deep; intervals convex. Length 10-11 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 26-November 20. Oc- 
curs beneath logs in dry, open woods. Due to its iridescence and bi- 
colored upper surface, this is the prettiest member of the genus. 

341 (1077). Harpali s vulpeculus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

30 ; ibid. IL 458, 545. 
Oblong-oval. Color of diohrous. the elytra usually paler and less irides- 
cent. Thorax broader than long, sides rounded in front, oblique and dis- 
tinctly converging behind ; hind angles rectangular. Elytral strife moder- 
ately deep ; intervals convex. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 185 

Throughout the State; Ereqiteii'l in the southern counties, less 
so northward. April 10-September 6. 

II. spadiceus Dej. is said to occur from New Jersey westward. 

342 (1078). Harpaixs autumnalis Say. Trans. Airier. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 

48 ; ibid. II. 473. 

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining : antennae, legs and narrow edge 
of thorax reddish-brown, Thorax nearly square, sides feebly curved to be- 
hind middle, thence straight and converging to base ; hind angles obtuse : 
basal impressions distinct, small, narrow. Elytral striae fine; intervals flat. 
Length 7.5-8 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 11-May 26. 
Occurs on high dry hills. Resembles herbivagus but smaller, more 
shining and with basal impressions of thorax deeper and more 
narrow. 

H. fallax Lec. and II. pleuriticus Kirby are both recorded as oc- 
curring from "New York. New Jersey and westward.'' The last- 
named is a boreal species and if found in Indiana it will probably 
be in the northern counties. 

343 (1094). Habpalus heebivagls Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 1823. 

29 ; ibid. II. 457. 

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous : narrow margin of thorax and elytra 
reddish, translucent : under surface piceous ; antenna? and legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax one-half wider than long; basal impressions rather shal- 
low, ill-defined, sparsely and finely punctured ; region of hind angles slightly 
depressed. Elytra alutaceous, the striae shallow ; intervals feebly convex. 
Length 8—10 mm. 

Throughout the State : common. April 1 -October 21. 
II. opacipennis Hald. is recorded as occurring from Pennsyl- 
vania to Kansas. 

344 (1098). Habpalus xitidilus Chaud.. Bull. Mosc, IV. 1S43, 788. 
Elliptical. Piceous. strongly shining both above and beneath ; narrow- 
margin of thorax reddish ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quad- 
rate, slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded : 
basal depressions very small and shallow, not punctured. Elytral striae 
rather deep ; intervals slightly convex. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. April 11-July 2. 

H. innocuus Lec. and H. rufimanus Lec, are both boreal species,, 
described from Lake Superior and since taken in New York and 
Pennsylvania, which may occur in northern Indiana. 

*345 (1107). Haepalus latickps Lec., Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 208. 

Oblong-oval, robust-. Black, shining ; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown, 
tibiae piceous. Thorax one-third broader than long, as broad at base as ely- 



186 



FAMILY II. CAB.A.BTD2E: 



tra, hind angles rectangular ; basal impressions distinct, rather broad, finely 
and sparsely punctured. Elytra! stria? very fine; intervals flat, minutely 
alutaceous. Length 12-15 mm. 

Franklin, Monroe and Vigo counties ; scarce. May 8-December 
18.* Readily known by the black legs and broad head. Occurs in 
sandy upland woods. 

346 (1108). Haepalus viduus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1865, 103. 

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining; antennae and tarsi dark red- 
dish-brown. Resembles laticeps, but the head is not quite so broad, the 
hind angles of thorax are more rounded and the basal impressions more 
narrow and deeper. Length 13 mm. 

Known from Indiana by two specimens taken in Vigo and Parke 
counties. May 13-May 24 Described from Rock Island, Illinois. 

H. gravis Lee, 9 mm. in length, was described from Texas and 
has been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati. 

LXVIII. Selenophorus Dej. 1826. (Gr., ''moon or light + bear- 
ing. ' ' ) 

Small oblong or oval, black or piceous beetles, closely resembling 
the smaller forms of Harpalus but differing by having three rows 
of dorsal punctures, situated on the second, fifth and seventh elytral 
strias. The males have the front and middle tarsi moderately di- 
lated, with two rows of scale-like papilla* on the first four joints. 
They occur, for the most part, in sandy or dry localities. Four 
species have been taken in Indiana, while one other perhaps occurs. 
The literature treating of the genus is as follows : 

Horn. — "Critical Notes on the Species of Selenophorus of the 
United States," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XIX, 1880, 178. 

Horn.— "Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, V, 1882, 8. 

KEY TO INDIANA. SPECIES OF SELENOPHORUS. 

a. Prosternum obtuse at tip, not margined.' 

1). Upper surface with a bronzed lustre; elytral punctures very small, 
■ the intervals smooth ; length 5-0.5 mm. 347. pedicularius. 

JjI). Upper surface black, more or less iridescent. 
c. Thorax as wide or wider at base than apex. 

d. Outer interval not punctulate; length 7.5 mm. 348. gagatinus. 
dd. Outer interval of elytra finely punctulate; length 9-10 mm. 

349. opalinus. 

cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed at base, hind angles obtuse; marginal 
interval punctulate; length 6.5 mm. iripennis. 
aa. Prosternum horizontal, tip slightly prolonged and margined; thorax 
broader at base than apex, its sides nearly regularly curved. 

350. ELLIPTICUS. 

* The H. montanus of my paper, "The Winter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana," Psyche, Feb., 1896 339. 



THE GEOUXD BEETLES. 



187 



347 (1125 J. Selexophorus pedicularius Dej., Spec. IV. 1828. 100. 
Oblong-oval. Piceous, shining, surface bronzed; antennae dusky, the 

basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader at 
base than apex ; sides curved, hind angles obtuse, basal impressions scarcelv 
distinct. Elytra alutaceous, finely striate; intervals flat, smooth, the outer 
one punctulate; apex feebly sinuate. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Lake. Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 5-August 17. 

348 (1130). Selenophorus gagatixus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828. 112. 

Oblong. Black, iridescent; femora piceous; antenna?, tibiae and tausi 
reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader than long; margin veo 
narrow, not translucent; hind angles obtusely rounded; basal depressions 
evident but shallow, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider 
than thorax, the punctures scarcely visible ; intervals slightly convex. Length 
7.5 mm. 

Crawford County; scarce. May 16. Occurs beneath stones on 
high, dry hills. 

349 (1131). Selexophorus opalixus Lee, List Col. X. Amer., 1863, 13. 
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly iridescent ; antennae" and legs reddish-yel- 
low. Thorax one-third broader than long, base as wide as apex, sides feebly 
curved; margin narrowly flattened and translucent; basal impressions obso- 
lete, the base finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate ; 
intervals feebly convex, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 16-July 25. Our 
largest species. Occurs beneath bark. 

S. iripennis Say is known from Illinois. Georgia and Texas, and 
probably occurs in southern Indiana. 

350 (1134). Selenophorus ellipticus Dej., Spec. IV. 1S28, 108. 
Oblong-oval or elliptical. Black, subopaque, alutaceous; antennae and 

legs reddish-yellow. Thorax as wide as elytra, their margins nearly con- 
tinuous ; hind angles rectangular, basal impressions indistinct. Elytra finely 
striate; intervals flat or nearly so. the dorsal punctures very small. Length 
5-6 mm. 

Lake, Laporte, Vigo and Crawford counties ; scarce. April 21- 
September 10. Occurs beneath cover in sandy localities. 

LXIX. Stenolophus Dej . 1829 . ( Or . , ' £ narrow + neck. ? ' ) 

Small brownish or piceous oblong beetles having the elytral 
striae not punctate ; third interval with a small dorsal puncture be- 
hind the middle and very dose to the second stria ; front and middle 
tarsi of males as in Selenophorus. For literature treating of the 
genus see above under Agonoclerus. Our species hibernate beneath 



188 



FAMILY II. CARABIDiE. 



logs and rubbish in dry or sandy places, and some of them are very 
common on the wing during the first warm days of March or April. 
Six species and one variety have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENOLOPHUS. 

a. Thorax but little narrower than elytra ; body stout ; front and middle 
tarsi of male broadly dilated. 
Z). Sides of thorax broadly flattened, scarcely reflexed ; black, feebly 
shining; length 7-7.5 mm. 351. caebonabius. 

&6. Sides of thorax narrowly margined, the margins not reflexed. 

c. Basal impressions of thorax broad and shallow; black, shining, 
elytra piceous or brownish-yellow, slightly iridescent ; length 7- 
7.5 mm. 352. fuligtnosis. 

cc. Basal impressions of thorax small, rounded, not or very sparingly 
punctured. 

d. Thorax with disk distinctly black or piceous, the margin reddish- 
brown ; length 5 or more mm. 
e. Pale margin of thorax narrow ; elytra wholly black. 

353. PLEBEJUS. 

ee. Pale margin of thorax broader ; elytra dull reddish-brown, the • 
tips darker. 353a, var. fuscatus 

dd. Thorax either uniform reddish-brown or piceous, without distinct 
blackish discal spot ; length not over 4.5 mm. 

354. CONJUNCTUS. 

aa. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra; body more slender; front tarsi 
of male moderately dilated, fourth joint deeply bilobed. 
/. Thorax and elytra black or piceous, with narrow paler margin ; su- 
tural stria long, joining the first dorsal. 355. ocheopezus. 

//. Thorax brownish-yellow ; elytra iridescent black with brownish-yel- 
low side margins; sutural stria short, not joining first dorsal. 

DISSIMILIS. 

351 (1135). Stenolophus caebonabius Dej., Sp. Gen., IV, 1828, 398. 
Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining; first joint of antenna?, tibiae 

and tarsi brownish. Thorax as broad at middle as elytra ; sides rounded 
into base ; margins flattened, especially near hind angles ; basal impressions 
broad, shallow, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, the su- 
tural stria long, the others deep. LeDgth 7-7.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris near a 
hillside spring. 

352 (1138). Stenolophus fuliginoses Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 423. 
Oblong-oval. Color given in key ; tarsi, base of antennae and narrow 

margin of thorax brownish-yellow ; femora and greater portion of antennae 
darker. Thorax subquadrate ; as long as broad, hind angles broadly rounded. 
Elytral striae rather deep; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. Hibernates. January 1-Oc- 
tober 21. 



THE GROUND IWKTL'IiS. 



18!) 



353 (1139). Stenolophus plebejus Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 424. 

Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining ; legs, 
base of antennae and narrow margin of thorax 
brownish-yellow. Thorax feebly narrowed behind ; 
basal impressions small, rounded, each with but 
two or three punctures; hind angles strongly 
rounded. Elytra with sutural stria fine, short, 
oblique, not joining the first dorsal. Length 4.5- 
5 mm. (Fig. 97.) 

Southern half of State; scarce. March 21- 
August 17. Closely resembles ochropezus, but Fi §- 97 - x 6/ (Original.) 
readily distinguished by the comparatively broader thorax and 
different sutural stria. 

353a ( ). Stenolophus plebejus fuscatus Dej., Sp. IV, 1828, 426. 

A distinct variety of plebejus having the disk of thorax black, with 
broad, pale margins ; elytra dull red, the tips irregularly fuscous. Basal 
impressions of thorax deeper and without punctures. Length 5.5 mm. 

lake County; frequent, beneath rubbish along the beach of 
Lake Michigan. April 29-May 14. 

*354 (1140). Stenolophus conjunctly Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823, 90 ; ibid. II, 504. 
Oblong. Piceous, shining; legs and base of antennae reddish-brown. 
Thorax broader than long, the sides broadly rounded into base, so that hind 
angles are wanting. Elytral stria? fine ; intervals flat. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common, especially in sandy localities. 
Hibernates. Abundant on the wing in early spring and at electric 
lights. February 6-December 3. The smaller size and uniform 
color cf thorax readily distinguish this species. 

*355 (1145). Stenolophus ocheopezus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 

1823, 54; ibid. II, 478. 

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Black or pice- 
ous, the elytra often iridescent ; legs and base 
of antennae pale. Thorax scarcely wider than 
long, convex ; hind angles obtuse, rounded ; basal 
impressions broad, shallow, sparsely but distinct- 
ly punctured. Elytral striae rather deep, es- 
pecially toward the tip ; intervals flat. Length 
5.5-0 mm. (Fig. 98.) 

Throughout the State; common. Hiber- 
nates. January 7- October 17. The su- 
t ura I stria of elytra is longer and deeper 
than in flic other species. 





190 



FAMILY IT. CAKABID2E. 



356 (1146). Stenolophus dissimilis Dej., Spec. IV, 1824, 424. 

Resembles the preceding. Readily distinguished by the black head, 
yellow thorax and black and yellow elytra. Thorax with narrower margin 
and more rounded hind angles. Length 6-7 mm. 

Posey County; rare. November 8. 

LXX. Acupalpus Latr. (Gr., "slender + palpus. ") 

Very small oblong black or piceons beetles, distinguished from 
Stenolophus, with which they were formerly grouped, by the char- 
acters given in generic key. The last joint of the labial palpi is 
rather stoutly oval, but slender at tip. whence the generic name. 
For literature see : 

LeConie.—In Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1868. 377-378. 
Horn.— In Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc,, VI, 1883. 15. 

Two of the five known species have been taken in Indiana. They 
have but one dorsal puncture, as usual, on the second stria; hind 
angles of thorax obtuse, somewhat rounded; frontal suture more 
distinct than in the other forms. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACUPALPUS. 

a. Head brownish, scarcely narrower than thorax and almost as long ; eyes 
small; elytra oval. 357. hydbopicus. 

aa. Head black or piceous, distinctly narrower than thorax ; eyes larger, 
more prominent ; elytra oblong-oval, iridescent. 358. casus. 

357 (1149). Acupalpus hydbopicus Lee, N. Spec. N. Ainer. Col., 1, 1863, 17. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Head and thorax dark brown, strongly shining ; 
elytra piceous, the suture and narrow margins paler ; antennae and legs dull 
yellow. Thorax trapezoidal, a little broader than long, narrowed behind, 
rounded on the sides only before the middle ; basal impressions broad, dis- 
tinct, sparsely punctured. Elytral strive rather deep ; intervals subconvex. 
Length 3 mm. 

Starke and Marshall counties; scarce. May 20- June 16. 

358 (1150). Acupalpus caeus Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.. I. 1863, 18. 
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Thorax either dusky yellow or piceous ; ely- 
tra piceous, iridescent; antenme dusky, the basal joints and legs pale. 
Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long; sides feebly curved from 
apex to base ; hind angles rounded ; basal impressions rather deep, obso- 
letely punctate. Elytral striae fine ; intervals flat. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 26-October 17. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and stones in damp localities. Easily distin- 
guished from hydropicus by the narrower head, dusky antennae and 
less narrowed base of thorax. 



THE GBOUND BEETLES. 



19] 



LXXI. Bradycellus Er. 1832. (Gr., ' 1 slow + footed. " ) 

Small brown or piceous bottles known from allied genera by the 
mentum bearing a rather large acute tooth. The elytra, are 
obliquely but feebly sinuate at tip and the second striae bears a 
dorsal puncture behind the middle. Two species have been taken 
in Indiana, while three others perhaps occur. For literature see 
above under Agonoderus. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRADYCELLES. 

a. Form very elongate : thorax with a deep marginal line, its basal impres- 
sions long and deep ; middle tarsi of male with small scales beneath. 

359. LIXEARES. 

aa. Form much less elongate: thoracic margin narrow; basal impressions 
short, not deep: middle tarsi of male without scales. 
~b. Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded, scarcely punctured: length 
3.2 mm. xeglectes. 
bl). Hind angles of thorax distinct. 

G. Thorax without punctures near the hind angles: length 5 mm. 

CORDICOLI.IS. 

cc. Thorax distinctly punctured. 

d. Basal impressions broad, shallow, strongly punctured: sides 
obliquely subsinuate near base; length 4.8 mm. 

360. REPESTRIS. 

dd. Basal impressions broad, sparsely punctured; sides scarcely sin- 
uate near base : length 3 mm. taxtieees. 

359 (1154). Bradycelees lixearis Lee. X. Sp. X. Amer. Col.. I. 1863. 16. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. shining, the 
margins usually paler : antennae reddish-brown, the two basal joints and 
legs dull yellow. Eyes very small. Thorax much longer than wide, sides 
curved in front, sinuate behind the middle : base distinctly narrower than 
apex : disk with a deep entire median impressed line, a number of coarse 
punctures near apex and in the basal impressions : hind angles rectangular. 
Elytra at base wider than thorax, long and parallel ; stria? deep, the scu- 
tellar one represented by a large puncture : intervals convex. Length 5- 
5.5 mm. 

Knox County; rare. April 20. In form of body and general 
appearance it resembles a small PterosticJius. 

B. neglechis Lee. black or piceous with legs and antenna- pale, 
and B. eordieollis Lee., black with legs pale, are both boreal species 
which may occur in northern Indiana. B. tantilhis Dej.. black or 
piceous with pale legs and antennae may also occur in the State. 

T 13— 23402] 



192 



FAMILY II. CARABILVE. 



; eupestris Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II. 1823, 
II. 505. 547. 

Oblong, slender. Reddish-brown, shining : the 
head and disk of elytra usually piceous : an- 
tennas dusky, the two basal joints and leg* pale. 
Thorax wider than long, narrowed behind the 
middle ; basal impressions broad, shallow, coarse- 
ly punctured; hind angles distinct but obtuse. 
Elytra! striae deep: intervals convex. Length 
4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 99. ) 

Throughout the State; common. Janu- 
ary 6— October 5. On the wing with the 
species of Agonoderus in early spring. 

LXXII. Tacky cellus Moraw. 3862. (Or., £ ' swift . + footed.") 

Small oblong brownish or piceous beetles, differing from allied 
genera in having three joints of the antenna? smooth. The .joints 
may not be entirely hairless, but lack the fine pubescence covering 
those which follow. Both the front and middle tarsi of the males 
have two rows of small scales (sqnamules) beneath: body through- 
out glabrous ; elytra normally striate and with a single dorsal punc- 
ture. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while a fourth 
perhaps occurs. They were included with Bradycellus by LeConte 
in his paper cited under Agonoderus. The following is the latest 
paper on the genus : 

Fall, B. C— "On the Affinities of the Genus Tachycellus." in 
Jouru. N. Y Ent. Soc. XIII. 1905. 169-178. . 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYCELLCS. 

a. Antenna? with two glabrous joints, the third pubescent on apical half: 
upper surface wholly black. 361. xigbincs, 

aa. Antenna? with three basal joints wholly glabrous. 
h. Hind angles of thorax rectangular. 

c. Thorax wider at base than long, its color piceous with a very nar- 
row pale edge. kibbyi. 
cc. Thorax not wider at base than long, dull yellow with a large cen- 
tral piceous spot. 362. atbimedeu s . 
Ijh. Thorax with hind angles obtuse, its color as in kirbyi. 

363. badtxpexxts. 

361 (1164). Tachycellus xtgbixus Dej.. Spec. Gen., IV, 1828, 399. 

Oblong. Black, shining ; upper part of tibiae and first joint of antenn e 
reddish-yellow. Thorax about as wide as long, broadest iu front of middle: 
sides i> early parallel front) a little behind the middle to base: hind angles 
rectangular; disk with the front transverse impression distinct, strongly 
angnlate. the basal impressions linear, deep, smooth or scarcely punctured. 
Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 



*360 (1158). BBADYCELLrS 

91 ; ibid. 




Fig. 99. X 6£. (Original.) 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



193 



Lake County; rare. June 2. A single •specimen taken by Wbl 
eott near Indiana Harbor. The thorax is less narrowed behind 
than in the other two species. Previously recorded from "Alaska, 
Lake Superior, New Mexico and Northern California." 

T. kirbyi Horn, 6 mm. in length, piceous, with base and sides of 
elytra paler and hind angles acutely rectangular, is knoAvn from 
Ontario and Ohio. 

*862 (1166). Tachycellus atrimedius Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc II. 
1823, 39 ; ibid. II, 466. 
Elongate-oblong. Pale reddish-brown above, black beneath; bead and 
disk of thorax black ; disk of elytra with an ill-defined blackish or piceous 
cloud; legs and three basal joints of antenme dull yellow. Thorax sub- 
quadrate, distinctly narrowed behind the middle, not wider at base than 
long; basal impressions broad, rather shallow, coarsely punctured. Elytra! 
striae rather deep ; intervals subconvex. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 1-October 5. 

*363 (1168). Tachycellus badiipexxis Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
I, 1842. 302. 

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Head and thorax black ; antennas and 
elytra piceous ; legs, basal joints of antennas and edge of thorax dull yellow, 
femora and tips of tibiae often darker. Thorax about as long as broad; 
sides regularly rounded from apex into base; basal depressions deep, nar- 
row, sparsely punctured. Elytral striae fine; intervals flat. Length 5.5- 
6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 24-December 7. 

Subtribe C. (Anisodactyli.) 
This group comprises the single genus : 

LXXIII. Antsodactylus Dej., 1829. (Gh\. ''unequal-toed.") 

A large genus of medium sized black, brownish or piceous beetles 
having the dilated joints of the tarsi of male spongy pubescent in- 
stead of scaly beneath. They occur in various situations, the ma- 
jority being found in dry. upland, open woods, beneath logs and 
other cover. A number of our species hibernate and some of them 
are very common at electric light. Of 31 specimens dissected by 
Dr. Forbes. 21 per cent, of the stomach content was found to be of 
animal, and 79 per cent, of vegetable origin, mainly seeds, pollen of 
grasses, etc., so that it is very doubtful if this genus can be classed 
among the beneficial CarabidaB. The papers treating of the genus 
are as follows : 



194 



FA MI L Y T T. CAR A BIB PE. 



Born. — U A Review of the Species of Anisodaetylus Inhabiting 
the United States," in Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIX, 1880, 
1 62-178. 

Horn.— ''Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, III, 1881, 
83. 

About 42 species are known from the United States, 19 of which 
have been taken in Indiana, while one other may occur. For con- 
venience the Indiana species are separated into three groups or sub- 
genera. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISODACTYLUS. 

aa. Terminal spin- of front tibiae normal, slender; species hairy or glabrous. 
a. Terminal spur of front tibiae abnormal, either trifid or dilated at middle. 
b. Terminal spur trifid. i. e., with a blunt tooth each side near base; 

species glabrous. Group A. 

bb. Terminal spur dilated at middle, without teeth at base; species 
usually glabrous. Group B. 

Group C. 

Group A. (Triplectus.) 
Oblong-oval species having the hind tarsi slender, as long as 
the tibia-, the first joint as long as the next two, the fourth emargi- 
rate; elytra striate, intervals smooth, the third with one or more 
dorsal punctures ; tips distinctly sinuate. But two species of this 
group have been taken, though another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Presternum at middle smooth, not pubescent; clypeus with one bristle- 
bearing puncture on each side. 
b. Surface shining, black; legs black. dulcicollis. 
bb. Surface opaque, distinctly alutaceous ; thorax narrowed from base 
to apex, widest at base. 364. rusticus. 

aa. Prosternum at middle punctured and pubescent; clypeus with two bris- 
tle-bearing punctures each side ; thorax nearly as wide at apex as at 

|3 aset 365. CARBON ARIUS. 

A. dulcicollis Lai, 11 mm. in length, is known from the Gulf 
States and Missouri, and may occur in southwestern Indiana, 
*364 (1180). AnisodactylUs rusticus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 

1823, 32 ; ibid. II, 460. 
Oblong-oval. Brownish-black; base of antennae and 
region of bind thoracic angles reddish-brown; legs pice- 
ous. Thorax broader than long, as broad at base as 
elytra; sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse; basal 
impressions rather shallow, not punctured. Elytra rather 
deeply striate; intervals convex, the third with one to 
four dorsal punctures behind the middle. Length 9- 
14 mm. (Fig. 100.) 
F 1'onginai X ) 2 ' Common throughout the State, especially so in 




THE (j HOUND BEETLES. 



195 



sandy localities. January 10-November 24. Often seen running 
over plowed ground in early spring. 

365 (1181). Anisodactylus carbonartus Say, Trans. Airier. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823, 32 ; ibid. II, 460. 
Elongate-oblong. Male, black, feebly shining; female, rusty, opaque; 
antennae and legs piceous, tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax slightly broader 
at base than apex, sides feebly curved; hind angles obtuse; margins broad- 
ly depressed near base, finely and sparsely punctulate. Elytral intervals 
finely alutaceous, slightly convex in male, flat in female; the third punc- 
tured as in rusticus. Length 12.5-13.5 mm. 

Throughout the state ; common, but less so than rusticus. 
March 19-October 17. 

Group B. (Anisodactylus.) 
Oblong species usually shining and glabrous ; terminal spur, of 
front tibae dilated at middle. Elytra striate, the second stria with 
a distinct dorsal puncture. Males with the front tarsi broadly, 
the middle tarsi rather feebly, dilated. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES . OF GROUP B. 

a, Black species; hind tarsi slender, equal to tibiae, first joint nearly as 
long as the next two together ; male with first joint of middle tarsus 
pubescent at tip. 
6. Clypeus with one bristle-bearing puncture on each side. 

c. Elytra opaque, the striae feeble, especially at tip; hind angles of 
thorax obtuse, sides regularly curved, base as wide as elytra. 

366. furvus. 

cc. Elytra shining in both sexes, more deeply striate. 

cl. Elytra oblong, their sides nearly parallel ; intervals feebly con- 
vex, distinctly but sparsely punctulate, feebly shining. 

367. INTERPUNCTATUS. 

dd. Elytra oval, their sides curved; intervals convex, smooth; form 
more robust, surface shining. 368. agricola. 

66. Clypeus with two bristle-bearing punctures each side. 
e. Hind angles of thorax obtuse. 

f. Side margin of thorax very distinctly depressed, and with the 

base punctulate. 369 . harrisii. 

ff. Side margin of thorax scarcely depressed. 370. nigerrimus. 
ee. Hind angles of thorax distinct, nearly rectangular. 

g. Elytra with sides nearly straight, subparallel ; intervals dis- 

tinctly but sparsely punctulate. 371. nigrita. 

gg. Elytra with sides distinctly curved; intervals smooth, shining; 
form more robust 372 . melanopus'. 

aa. Bicolored or metallic species ; hind tarsi slightly flattened, shorter than 
the tibiae, first joint but little longer than second; male with first 
joint of middle tarsus glabrous beneath. 
h. Thorax piceous. brownish-yellow at sides; length 11 mm. 

373. DISCOIDEUS. 

hh. Thorax entirely piceous; length 9-10 mm. 374. baltimorensis. 



196 



FAMILY II. CAPtABIDiE. 



366 (11S2). Anisodactylus furvus Lee, N. Spec. N. Ainer. Col., I, 1S63. 

14. 

Oblong-oval. Black, the elytra opaque; antennae dusky broW, pale at 
base. Thorax very little wider at base than apex, side margins feebly de- 
pressed ; disk smooth at middle, densely and finely punctured at base. 
Elytra alutaceous, only feebly sinuate near tips; finely striate; intervals 
flat. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. May 11. A southern species whose range 
is given as "Georgia to Louisiana." 

367 (1186). Anisodactylus intekpunctattjs Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 

1837, 42. 

Oblong, subparallel. Black, shining, female slightly opaque; antennas 
and legs piceous ; basal joint of former and spot on vertex reddish. Thorax 
one-fourth broader than long, base and apex equal in width, sides broadly 
curved, margin narrowly depressed ; hind angles rectangular, basal impres- 
sions deep ; disk densely and finely punctured across the base, more sparse- 
ly at apex, the middle smooth. Length 12-12.5 mm. 

Lake. Laporte. Marshall and Vigo counties ; scarce, March 26- 
December 18. Occurs in sandy localities. Its general range is 
northern. 

368 (1187). Anisodactyixs ageicola Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II. 

1823, 33 ; Ibid. II, 461. 
Oblong, moderately robust. Black, strongly shining ; antennae and tarsi 
reddish-brown. Thorax broadest at middle, base and apex equal, hind an- 
gles rectangular; basal impressions distinct, narrow, rather densely punc- 
tured. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex, not punctulate. Length 
12-14 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce.. April 2S-July 20. The most 
robust and convex species of the group. 

369 (1188). Anisodactyixs HARKisn Lee. N, Sp. N; Amer. Col.. 1S63, 14. 
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly shining; antennae and tarsi reddish- 
brown. Thorax a little broader than long, distinctly depressed in the re- 
gion of the hind angles, which are obtuse and rounded; median line dis- 
tinct, basal impressions rather shallow, finely and densely punctured. Ely- 
tral striae rather deep; intervals finely alutaceous. slightly convex, very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11-11.5 mm. 

Porter and Kosciusko counties; rare. May 9-July 24. 

370 (1189). Anisodactyixs nig eeei sirs Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 842. 
Oblong-oval. Black, scarcely shining. Thorax broader than long, mod- 
erately convex; side margins slightly depressed at middle and not at all 
at hind angles; basal impressions small, shallow, sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Elytra as in harrisii. Length 11-12 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; Lake and Laporte counties, 
only in the north. April 22-October 21. 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



197 



371 (1190). Anisodactylus nigeita Dej., Spec. IV. 1820, 141). 

Very close to interpunctatus. Dr. Horn states (loc. rtt: under gepus) 
that he could, find no difference except that in nigrita there are two clypeal 
punctures on each side, while in interpunctatus there is but one. Length 
12.5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. May 1— July 5. 

372 (1191). Anisodactylus melanopus Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

I, 302. 

Very similar to A. agricola; differs mainly in having- two bristle-bear- 
ing punctures instead of one on each side of clypeus. This may be a con- 
stant difference, but I doubt its specific rank. However, it is much used 
by Horn in his paper, on which my key is mainly based. Length 13-14 mm. 

Kosciusko. Putnam and Knox counties; rare. March 25- Au- 
gust 18. 

373 (1194). Anisodactylus discoideus Dej.. Spec. V. 1829, 831. 
Elongate-oblong. Piceous, shining ; -antennae, legs and sides of thorax 

and elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax very little wider than long, narrowed 
at base; sides curved in front, feebly sinuate behind, very narrowly de- 
pressed; hind angles strongly rectangular, basal impressions short and deep, 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, rather deeply stri- 
ate ; intervals smooth, slightly convex. Length 10.5-11.5 mm. 

Throughout the State : frequent in sandv localities. April 11- 
July 24. 

*374 (1195). Anisodactylus baltimoreksts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 

II. 1823. 33; ibid. II. 461. 

Oblong, rather slender. Piceous. shining; antennae, legs and elytra 
pale, the latter often with darker discal cloud. Thorax distinctly wider 
than long, basal impressions more shallow and sides more deeply sinuate 
behind; otherwise resembles discounts, than which it is smaller, more de- 
pressed and less shining. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 21- August 26. 

Group C. (Haplocentrus.) 

This group is composed of species varying much in size, shape 
and color, and agreeing only in possessing the characters of the 
genus and in having the front tibial spur slender, and the elytra 
striate and sinuate at tip. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Elytra with a distinct dorsal puncture, surface not pubescent; first 
joint of middle tarsus of male glabrous or with a very small pubes- 
cent space beneath. 
h. Intervals of elytra convex, distinctly and finely punctate; vertex 
with a red spot; length 12.5-14 mm. 375. verticalis. 



198 



FAMILY II. CABABID2E. 



66. Intervals flat or nearly so, not punctate ; head without red spot. 
c. Species more or less oval. Am-ara-like, with usually a metallic or 
bronzed lustre. 

d. Thorax widest at middle, the apex almost as wide as base ; basal 
impressions not punctate; legs wholly pale. 
e. Margin of thorax more or less flattened in the region of the 
hind angles; larger, 7,5 or more mm. 
f. Uniform piceous above; basal impressions rather narrow 
and shallow. 376. sayi. 

//. Head and thorax piceous; elytra greenish-metallic; basal 
impressions distinct, very wide. 377. teeminatus. 

ee. Margin of thorax not flattened; basal impressions indistinct; 
smaller, not over 7 mm. 378. nitidipennis. 

dd. Thorax widest at base, thence distinctly narrowed to apex; 
basal impressions distinct, finely and sparsely punctate ; femora 
-piceous ; length 8 mm. 379. ccenus. 

cg. Species oblong, black without lustre ; hind tarsi long and slender : 
length 11-12 mm. 380. lugubbis. 

aa. Elytra without dorsal puncture ; surface finely pubescent, densely pune- 
tulate; first joint of middle tarsus of male pubescent over half its 
surface. 

g. Wholly black above; tibiae and tarsi brown. 381. sericeus. 

gg. Head, thorax, antennae and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous. 

382. intebstitialis. 

375 (1198). Anisodactylus yerticalts Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 

1848. 378. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, shining; base of mandibles and a quadrate 
spot on vertex red ; antennae and legs dull yellow. Thorax more than one- 
half wider than long, narrowed behind; sides broadly rounded, margins 
distinctly reflexed, hind angles obtuse ; basal impressions broad, densely 
and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex, 
finely and densely punctate. Length 12.5-14 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 19- August 20. Occurs m 
sandy locations near water. 

376 (1201). Anisodactylus sayi sp. no v. 

Eurytriclius piceus Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 388. 
Elongate-oval. Uniform piceous. shining; narrow margin of thorax 
and region of hind angles, reddish, translucent ; antenna? and legs brownish- 
yellow. Thorax a little broader than long, sides feebly curved; margin 
depressed behind the middle, hind angles rectangular, basal impressions 
shallow, ill-defined, smooth. Elytral striae fine ; intervals finely alutaceous. 
flat. Length 10-10.5 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Vigo and Fulton counties; frequent. May 8- 
September 28. This species resembles our common forms of Cala- 
thus and is doubtless often confused with them. As the genus 
Eurytrichus under which LeConte described this form has been 



THE GROUND BEETLES. 



1!)!) 



merged with Anisoclactylus, the name piceus is preoccupied by a 
West Coast species, the No. 1176 of the Henshaw Catalogue. I 
therefore propose the name sayi in honor of Thomas Say of New 
Harmony, Indiana, who was preeminently the father of American 
Entomology. 

*377 (1202). Anisodactylus terminatus Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, II, 
1823, 48 ; ibid. II, 473. 
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax dark brown or piceous, the edge of the 
latter reddish-translucent; elytra with greenish-metallic lustre; antennae 
and legs pale yellow. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides regularly 
curved from base to apex, hind angles rectangular. Elytra as in the pre- 
ceding. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, April 15-December 25. In 
September, 1903, this species was noted as very common on the 
heads of the fireweed (Erechtites hieraeifolia L.) in a deadening 
near Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County, where it was feeding on 
the seeds. 

378 (1204). Anisodactylu s nitidipennis Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., IV. 

1848, 388. 

Oblong-oval, rather narrow. Color of terminatus. Thorax scarcely 
broader than long, sides very feebly curved, hind angles subrectangular : 
disk minutely and very sparsely punctured near base. Elytra alutaceous ; 
intervals almost flat, sometimes very finely and sparsely punctulate. Length 
6.5-7 mm. 

Throughout the western half of State ; frequent in the southern 
counties, rare northward. April 9-December 25. Occurs beneath 
cover in saudy localities. 

379 (1206). Anisodactylus ccenus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 

34; ibid. II. 461. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous, moderately shining; elytra bronzed; tibhe. tarsi 
and base of antennae paler. Thorax as broad at base as elytra, sides feebly 
curved, margins narrowly depressed from middle to base, hind angles rect- 
angular. Elytral intervals flat, smooth, more shining in the male. Length 
8 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties ; rare. April 16-May 11. Easily 
known by its dark femora and punctured base of thorax. 

*3S0 (1208). Anisodactylus lugubris Dej., Spec. IV, 1829, 118. 

Oblong, rather broad, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining; antennae 
and legs piceous, the basal joint of former and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax 
two-thirds broader than long ; sides gradually curved from apex into base, 
the margins behind the middle flattened ; basal impressions broad, shallow, 
very finely and densely punctate. Elytral striae very fine; intervals fiat, 
alutaceous. Length 11-12 mm. 



200 



FAMILY III. HAL1PLILVE. 



Throughout the State; frequent. April 19-Deeember 18. 

381 (1209). Anisodactylus sericeus Harr., N. Eug. Far., 1828, 177. 

Oblong. Black, opaque ; antennae reddish-brown ; femora piceous, tibise 
and tarsi pale. Thorax broader than long, apex and base equal ; sides regu- 
larly curved, hind angles rounded, basal impressions obsolete; surface 
sparsely punctate, more densely at base and near the sides. Elytral inter- 
vals flat, densely punctulate, each puncture bearing a short, fine hair. 
Length 10 mm. 

Lake, Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. February 
21-November 17. Noted on stems and burrowing beneath the roots 
of grasses and sedges about ponds. Also taken at electric light. 

*382 (1210). Anisodactylus interstitialis Say, Trans 
Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 57; ibid. II, 
480. 

Form and structure of sericeus. Color as given in 
key. Thoracic margin broader, more depressed; me- 
dian line and basal impressions evident, the latter 
broad and shallow. Elytral intervals subconvex, densely 
and rather coarsely punctate. Length 9.5-10 mm. (Fig. 
101.) 

Throughout the State; common, especially in 
sandy regions. March 17-December 18. A half dozen just 
emerged as imagoes were noted on November 28. 

Family III. HALIPLI DyE. 
The Crawling Water Beetles. 

In the North American fauna this family is represented by less 
than 30 known species of small, very convex aquatic beetles. In 
color they are light brownish-yellow, more or less spotted with 
black, while in form they are oval and tapering at each end. The 
elytra bear rows of punctures- and the scutellum is invisible. 

They comprise a family intermediate between the Carabidae and 
Dytiscidae, having the antennae glabrous, filiform, 10-jointed and 
inserted on the front before the eyes; thorax with distinct side 
pieces; hind coxae contiguous at middle and prolonged as broad 
plates which conceal the basal half of hind femora and from three 
to six of the ventral segments. The slender but clubbed hind fe- 
mora move between these plates and the abdomen, and are not 
adapted to vigorous swimming. 

Although aquatic in habit, these little beetles swim but feebly. 
Where found they usually occur in numbers. They live in shallow 
water about the margins of ponds, lakes and pools of streams, where 




THE CKAWLINO WATEK BEETLES. 



203 



they may often be noted crawling slowly over the partially decayed 
aquatic plants, especially algae. On account of their feeble swim- 
ming powers they may be easily captured by raking the mass of 
vegetable matter onto the bank, when the beetles, on crawling out 
to regain the water, may be secured. The name of the family is 
derived from the Greek and means "sailing the sea," or "covered 
with water.'" 

The larvae of the Haliplida? live in the same places as the adults. 
They are composed of slender segments, each, except the head, 
being furnished on the back with fleshy lobes, bearing spiny tips, 
while the last segment is extended into a long tapering appendage. 

The principal paper, including descriptions of the North Ameri- 
can species of this family, is by 

Crotch.- — "Revision of the Dytiscidae of the United States," in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV, 1873. 333-385. 

The North American species are divided among three genera, 
two of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HALLPLLDyE. 

a. Terminal joint of palpi small, awl-shaped; intervals of elytra punctate; 
thorax without black spots at base. I. Haliplus. 

aa. Terminal joint of palpi conical, longer than the third; intervals of ely- 
tra without punctures ; thorax with two small round impressed black 
spots at base. II. Cnemjdotus. 

I. Haliplus Latr. 1806. (Gr., "the sea + sail.") 

Of the ten species of this genus known from the United States, 
six have been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HALIPLUS. 

a. Thorax without a basal impression. 

b. Prosternum margined at sides ; elytral punctures deeper at base than 
apex. 

c. A distinct black spot on middle of front margin of thorax. 

383. teiopsis. 

go. Thorax, without black spot, sometimes slightly darker at apex. 
d. Elytra not sinuate near apex. 

c. Spots of elytra distinct ; size larger, 3.5-4 mm. fascia tus. 
ee. Spots more or less confluent ; size smaller. 2.5 mm. 

384. LEwisn. 

<M. Elytra distinctly sinuate near apex ; spots often slightly con- 
nected but not confluent. 3S5. borealis. 
hh. Prosternum flat, not margined at sides ; elytral punctures not deeper 
at base than apex; elytra dull brownish-yellow with elongate black 
spots. 38G. CRIBARIUS. 



202 FAMILY I-II. HALIPLIDJE. 

a a. Thorax with a small impressed fold on each side near base. 

f. Pale ochreous yellow; thoracic fold shorter; elytral spots several. 

more or less distinct. 387. ruficollis. 

//. Pale reddish-brown ; thoracic impression longer ; elytral spots very 
ill-defined. 388. longulus. 

383 (1221). Haliplus triopsis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 106; 

ibid. II, 518. 

Ovate. Light brownish-yellow; suture, base, tip and seven slightly con- 
nected spots on each elytron deep black, the middle spots confluent. Head 
and thorax distinctly punctate; punctures of elytral strise finer toward 
apex. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Marshall counties; frequent. May 25-Au- 
gust 15. This is the species usually listed as H. punctatus Aube, 
but that name, according to Blanchard, belongs to a more densely 
punctate form from the Southern States. 

H. fasciatus Aube, with head finely punctate and thorax wholly 
reddish-brown, is known from the "middle and Western States." 

384 (1224). Haliplus lewisii Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 

384. 

Smaller and more slender than triopsis. Head and thorax reddish-yel- 
low without spots; elytra with base and suture black, and a broad black 
spot on each side, confluent at middle. Punctures of elytral striae weak; 
intervals very sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm. 

One from woodland pond near Broad Eipple, Marion County; 
June 12. 

385 (1222). Haliplus borlalis Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850. 212. 
Ovate. Dull reddish-yellow ; thorax slightly dusky at apex ; elytra each 

with ill-defined basal line and five spots black, the one near humerus and 
two on apical third rounded, the two on median third placed obliquely, each 
double, composed of two partially connected oblong ones. Eyes very con- 
vex. Head rather closely punctate. Length 3 mm. 

Laporte County; scarce. May 26-August 20. A species of 
northern range. Resembles ruficollis but without the basal impres- 
sions. 

386 (1225). Haliplus cribarius Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 212. 
Ovate. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax paler and, in the speci- 
men at hand, without black markings ; elytra each with five or six elongate, 
more or less connected dark spots forming two oblique cross-bands. Head 
finely punctate. Thorax deeply and coarsely punctate near the hind mar- 
gin, more finely in front, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra with rows of deep 
punctures ; intervals each with a single row of widely separated punctures. 
Length 4.2 mm. 

A single specimen in the Wolcott collection taken near Pine, 
Lake County. June 9. A member of the AUeghanian fauna. 



THE CEA WLTNG WATE R BE RT LES. 



20:] 



386a ( ). llALIPLUS CEIBARIUS SUBGTJ TTA T U S Lee., MS. 

A dark variety of the preceding having the vertex black; the elytra! 
spots disconnected and more distinct. Length 4 mm. 

Pine, Lake County; May 12. This and eribarius were described 
from Lake Superior. 

387 (1226). Haliplus ruficollis DeG., Mem. IV, 1774, 404. 

Ovate. Head and thorax pale dull yellow with- 
out spots ; elytral spots larger than in borealis, all 
rounded, the two on median third often more or 
less confluent. Apex of elytra not sinuate. Length 
2.5-3 nun. (Fig. 102.) 

Pine and Hudson lakes, Laporte County; 
ponds near Richmond; frequent. May 25- 
August 20. Probably occurs throughout the 
northern half of the State. 



388 (1227). Haliplus longulus Lec. (Crotch). 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 
385. 




Fig. 102. (Original.) 
Line shows natural length. 



Close to ruficollis hut more slender. Elytra with basal spot wanting ; 
the central spot dilated, triangular, the others indistinct. Length 3 mm. 

Pine, Lake County; Marion County, from pond near Broad 
Ripple ; scarce. April 3-May 28. 

II. Cnemidotus 111. 1802 (Gr.. "wearing leg armor.") 

Our members of this genus are a little larger and more robust 
than those of Haliplus. All have the thorax marked at base by 
two round black dots, and the elytral rows of punctures more or 
less irregular on basal third. Pour nominal species have been 
taken in the State. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CNEMIDOTUS. 

a. Hind femora with a broad pale ring near apex ; elytra distinctly oblique- 
ly sinuate near tips. 
I). Head entirely pale. 3S9. 12-punctatcs. 

1)1). Head with vertex black. 390. edentdlus. 

aa. Hind femora wholly dark brown or blackish. 

c. Elytra without a sub-humeral spot ; median subsntnral spot continent 
with the sntural line to form a discal blotch. 301. muticus. 

cc. Elytra usually with a small subhumeral spot; median subsntnral spot 
free or barelv touching the sutnral line. 392. peduncllatvs. 



201 



1 \ M [LT IV. DYTISCIDyE. 



389 (1231). Cnemidotus 12-punctatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 
1823, 106 ; ibid. II. 518. 

Ovate, very convex. Dull yellow, each elytron with six 
well defined black spots arranged as in the accompanying 
figure. Head finely, thorax rather coarsely and sparsely, 
punctate. Elytra each with eight rows of large black punc- 
tures and two rows of finer, paler ones on sides. Hind coxal 
plates subangulate on hind margin. Length 3.5-4. (Fig. 
103. ) 

Northern half of State, common ; less so in the sonth- 
(AftCTWickhlm.) erri comities. Often taken in numbers when seining. 
May 2 5- August 15. 

390 (1233). Onemidotus edentulus Lee. New sp. N. A. Col., I, 1863, 21. 
Slightly more elongate and less convex than 12-punctatus. Pale straw 

yellow. Elytra more attenuate behind the middle and with spots larger, 
often more or less confluent. Length 4 mm. 

Lake. Laporte. Marshall and Fountain counties ; scarce. April 
29-August 15. 

391 (1232). Onemidotus muticus Lee. New Sp. X. Am. Col., I. 1863, 21. 
Resembles 12-punctatus in form and sculpture. Differs by having the 

hind femora wholly piceous or dark brown, the hind coxal plates broadly 
rounded, and the elytra subtruncate at apex. The sutural black line is 
narrowed on basal half and the median subsutural spot is confluent with it 
to form a rather large irregular blotch. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 14-October 23. This 
as well as the other species probably passes the winter as imago. 

392 (- ). Cnemidotus pedunculitis Roberts MS. 

Very close to the preceding. Differs mainly in the arrangement of the 
elytral spots as mentioned in key. The sutural black line is wider, occupy- 
ing the sutural interval on the basal half, and is not confluent with the 
median spot. The elytra are feebly sinuate rather than subtruncate at 
apex. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Laporte. Marshall, Fountain. Marion and Lawrence counties; 
scarce. May 11-October 23. 

Family IV. DYTISCIDiE. 

The Predaceocs Diving Beetles. 

In the quiet, deep pools of streams, and in ponds or stagnant 
water may often be seen oval, flattened beetles hanging head down- 
ward, with the tip of the abdomen at or slightly above the surface 
of the water. These beetles belong to the family Dytiscidse, the 




THE PREDACE0U3 DIVING BEETLES. 



205 



ward being derived from the .Greek Dytiscus, meaning a diver. All 
the species are more or less aquatic in habit and, as a rule, are 
strong swimmers. Many of them hibernate as imagoes, burrowing 
in the banks and mud at the bottom or sides of the pools in which 
they dwell. Dr. Harris kept one for "three years and a half in 
perfect health, in a glass vessel filled with water, and supported by 
.morsels of raw meat. It was capable of fasting a month; was very 
sensible to the changes of the weather, which it indicated by the 
height at which it remained in the vessel." They are often seen 
beneath the ice in late autumn or early spring. In the mature 
stage, during the mating season, some of the larger species fly about 
at night and are often attracted in numbers by electric and other 
lights. 

From the Haliplidas they may be readily known by having the 
body less stout and convex and more obtuse at the ends; antennae 
glabrous, ll-jointed. usually filiform, and inserted under the front 
behind the base of the mandibles; middle and hind pairs of legs 
widely separated, due to the very large hind coxae, which reach 
the sides of the body but do not cover the ventral segments. The 
hind legs are the longest, and are strongly adapted for swimming, 
being flattened and fringed with long hairs. The spiracles open 
beneath the elytra on the upper surface of the abdomen. By lift- 
ing the elytra slightly an air chamber is formed, from which the 
beetle draws its supply while, swimming. When the air in this 
chamber becomes too impure, the insect rises to the surface, forces 
it out and renews the supply. In color the beetles are usually 
brownish-black, often with a dull glaucous or sea-green tint, very 
smooth and shining. Some of them have the thorax and margins of 
elytra marked with dull yellow. 

The sexes of several of the genera possess modifications which 
are of especial interest and which furnish excellent characters for 
the separation of groups. In the males of these genera the three 
basal segments of the fore (and sometimes the middle) tarsi are 
dilated and form a circular disk on the under side of which are 
numerous small, cup-like suckers. These serve as 
clasping organs. (Fig. 104.) The females of cer- 
tain species also present an interesting dimorphism, 
in that some of them have the elytra deeply fur- 
rowed, while others of the same species have them 
smooth. 

The Dytiscida? are among the most voracious of (After* ComSock.) 
all beetles. They prey not only upon the larvae of 




206 



FAMILY IV. DYTTSCIUiE 



other insects, but often upon small fishes, and are sometimes very 
troublesome in artificial fish ponds, where they attack the young 
and eat off their fins. They also feed upon dead animal matter of 
any kind which finds its way into the water where they live. 

The larvae of the 
Dytiscida? are a 1 s o 
aquatic and carnivo- 
rous, and are known 

Fig. lOo. Larva of Dvtiscid. (After Comstoek. ) tl , . • 

as water tigers. 
(Fig. 105.) In form they are elongate, cylindrical or fusiform, 
with a large oval or rounded and flattened head. The jaws or man- 
dibles are sickle-shaped and hollow, so that they can easily hold 
and suck the blood or juice from any prey which they may capture. 
These grubs remain in the water until full grown, when they seek 
out some convenient place beneath a board, stone or tuft of vegeta- 
tion where, by the squirming motions of the body, a cell is formed 
in which they undergo the pupal stage. The length of time neces- 
sary for this transformation varies greatly with the species and the 
season. 

Nearly 300 species of Dytiscidae are known from the United 
States. Of these 70. representing 21 genera, have been taken in In- 
diana. The family does not offer that diversity of color, form and 
sculpture presented by the Carabidie and other families of terres- 
trial beetles, hence the number of characters used for the separation 
of genera a nd species is limited and the work, therefore, made more 
difficult for the beginner. The classification is mainly that of Drs. 
LeConte. Sharp and Horn and Mr. Crotch, in the following works: 
LeConte. — "Analytical Table of the Species of Hydroporus 
found in the United States, with Descriptions of New Spe- 
cies. " in Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil.. VII. 1855. 290-299. 
LeConte. — *' Synopsis of the Species of Colyrnbetes Inhabiting 
America North of Mexico." in Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil.. 
1862. 521-523. 

Crotch. — "Revision of the Dytiscidae of the United States." in 
Trans. Anier. Ent. See. IV. 1873. 383-421. 

Sharp. — On Aquatic, Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae, in 
Trans. Royal Dublin So:-.. II. Ser. 2. 1882. 179-1003. 

Horn. — Miscellaneous Xotes and Short Studies of Xorth Amer- 
ican Coleoptera. in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. X. 1883. 276-284. 

For convenience the family is first divided into subfamilies and 
tribes. 




THE PBEDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



207 




KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF DYTISCIDiE. 

a. Episternum of metathorax not reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig, 

106. ) Subfamily I. Fkagmentati, p. 207 
aa. Episternum of metathorax reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig 

107. ) Subfamily II. Complicate, p. 210 

In the accompanying cuts. Fig'. 106 rep- ^ 
resents a diagram of a portion of the under A 
surface of Laccophilus, which belongs to u^ ^)^^ 
the subfamily Fragmentati, cc being the '^ f A 
middle coxal cavity. It will be seen that * r ' 
the mesosternal epimeron (ms. epm.) ar- ^ c>s. 

ticulates at its inner end with the meta- 
sternum (rnt.). and thus cuts off the 
metasternal episternum (mt. eps.) from 
the coxal cavity. In Fig. 107. however, 

which is a diagram of similar parts of " a „„ Fig 106 ^ 6 _ Fig . 107. 
Colymbites of the subfamily Complicati, (After Wickham - ) 

the mesosternal epimeron does not articulate with the metasternum, 
and thus allows the episternum of the latter to reach the cavity. 
These features are not, as a rule, difficult to make out, and form 
the basis of the modern classification of the family, by Dr. Sharp. 

Subfamily I. FRAGMENTATI. 

The North American members of this subfamily are divided 
among two tribes, both of which are represented in the Indiana 
fauna. In all the species the scutellum is invisible. 

KEY TO TEIBES OF FRAGMENTATI. 

a. Hind coxse longer near the middle of the body; prosternum dilated be- 
hind, truncate or nearly so. Tribe I. Noterini, p. 207. 
aa. Hind coxa? longer near the sides of the body; prosternal process com- 
pressed, reaching the metasternum. 

Tribe II. Laccophilini, p. 209 

Tribe I. NOTERINI. 

The members of this tribe are all small beetles having the body 
convex, obtuse in front and pointed behind; front and middle 
tarsi five-jointed; apex of front tibia 3 with a curved spur or hook. 
Two genera occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NOTERINI. 

a. Last joint of maxillary palpus bifid or emarginate ; prosternal process 
not broader than long ; hind tibiae less dilated ; length less than 3 mm. 

I. Canthydrus. 

[14—23402] 



208 FAMILY IV.- — DYTTSCIDiE. 

an. Last, joint of maxillary palpus truncate; prosterna I process very broad 
behind the coxse; hind tibia? broader; length 4-5 mm. 

II. Hydrocanthus. 

I. Canthydrus Sharp. 1882. (Gr., "beetle ■ + water.") 

Small and short, strongly convex species, usually variegated in 
color above ; antennae very short and slender • pectoral plate coarsely 
sculptured at middle ; hind legs slender, the femora and tibiae but 
little flattened, the former contiguous at base. Two species occur 
in the State. 

393 (1237). Canthydrus bicolor Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 

447 ; ibid. II, 561. 

Ovate, convex. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow ; elytra 
dark reddish-brown, thickly and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm. 

A small but handsome species, taken in Indiana only from Bass 
Lake, Starke County, and Hudson Lake, Laporte County. Prob- 
ably occurs throughout the lake region of the State. May 30- Au- 
gust 20. 

394 (1238). Canthydrus gibbulus Aube\ Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 414. 
Ovate, convex. Head and thorax yellow, the latter clouded with dusky 

on the front margin ; elytra dark brown or piceous, with an irregular oblique 
yellowish cross-bar near the middle. Elytra more sparingly punctate than 
in bicolor, the dorsal rows of punctures more distinct. Length 2.5 mm. 

Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake 
County; scarce. August 1. 

II. Hydrocanthus Say. 1823. (Gr., "water ! beetle.") 

In addition to the characters given in the key, this genus may be 
known by having the last joint of the labial palpus very large, tri- 
angular and compressed; the front tibiae with a strong spur; the 
hind femora short and stout, their apical margins strongly ciliated ; 
tibiae short, smooth, claws equal. But one species is known from the 
United States. 

395 (1240). Hydrocanthus iricolor Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

105 ; ibid. II, 517. 

Ovate, convex, attenuate behind. Head, thorax and under parts red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra dark reddish-brown, polished, iridescent. Three irregu- 
lar dorsal rows of fine punctures visible. Length 4-5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 16-August 15. Prob- 
ably hibernates, as one was taken from mud at the bottom of a pond 
on the earlier date. 



THE PBEDACEOUS HIVING BEETLES. 



209 



Tribe II. LACCOPHILINI. 

This tribe is represented in the United States by the single 
genus. 

III. Laccophilus Leach. 1817. (Gr., "a pool + loving.") 

Small and very active beetles, ovate and depressed in form, and 
usually spotted in color; thorax without side margins; scutellum 
•almost concealed; prosternal spine narrow, acuminate and much 
compressed; hind coxae expanded into broad processes which are 
arched in front and almost completely conceal the coxal cavities; 
hind legs highly developed. The males have the four front tarsi 
dilated and clothed with spongy hairs beneath. The plates of the 
hind coxae have a ridge of fine lines, beginning near the middle at 
the insertion of the femora and extending outward and backward. 
These ridges, with their file-like arrangement, when rubbed by the 
hind femora, form a musical or stridulating organ. Four species 
have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LACCOPHILUS. 

a. Elytra without distinct yellow cross-bars ; male with a coxal rile. 
1). Elytra blackish, with one or more greenish-yellow spots. 

a Larger, 6 mm. ; elytra with the margin, four submarginal spots and 
three basal lines greenish-yellow. 396. maculosus. 

cg. Smaller, 4.5 mm. ; elytra dark reddish-brown, with the subhumeral 
mark of maculosus present, the others confused. 

397. proximus. 

1)1). Elytra dull yellow, with a distinct blackish bar behind the middle. 

398. FASCIATUS. 

aa. Elytra black with two cross-bars and apex yellowish; size less than 
5 mm. ; males without a coxal file. 399. undatus. 

396 (1242). Laccophilus maculosus Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc. II. 
1823, 100 ; ibid. II, 514. 

Ovate. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow. Elytra as men- 
tioned in key. the submarginal yellowish spots being in position, subhumeral, 
median, postmedian and subapical, the second and fourth usually the larger. 
The yellow basal markings vary much in size and distinctness. Thorax 
very short, four times wider than long, its surface, as well as that of elytra, 
very finely reticulate. Elytra obliquely truncate at apex, with one or two 
irregular rows of minute punctures. Length 6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 16-October 23. Prob- 
ably hibernates. 



210 



FAMILY TV. DVTJSCTDiR. 



397 (1244). Laccophilus pboximus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

101 ; ibid. II, 514. 

Ovate. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, with only traces 
of the greenish-yellow spots of maculosus. Beneath darker than in that 
species. Length 4.5 mm. 

Laporte, Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties ; frequent. 
April 11-August 20. 

398 (1248). Laccophilus fasciatus Aube, Spec, VI, 1838, 423. 

Ovate, subdepressed. Head, thorax and under parts dnll brownish- 
yellow ; elytra greenish-yellow with a broad blackish bar behind the mid- 
dle. Thorax and elytra finely alutaceous, the latter rounded at apex. 
Length 5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 4- August 12. The 
meso- and metasterna are often fuscous. 

399 (1253). Laccophilus undatus Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 435. 
Narrowly oval. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow; elytra 

blackish with a rather broad, irregular basal and a narrower subapical 
cross-bar, yellowish ; also a spot on the margin about the middle and at 
apex of the same hue. Elytra very finely and rather closely punctate. 
Length 4.7 mm. 

Fountain County and Pine Lake, Laporte County; scarce. July 
21-August 15. The pale basal cross-bar varies in width and usu- 
ally encloses two small squarish black spots on each elytron. 

Subfamily II. COMPLICATA. 

This group contains by far the greater number of the species 
belonging to the family. All agree in having the middle coxal 
cavity enclosed by four distinct pieces. The beetles vary much in 
form and size, and exhibit the most perfect development of the oar- 
like hind legs. Four tribes occur in the North American fauna, all 
of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO TEIBES OF COMPLICATA. 

a. Prosternum deflexed or bent downward between the front cox<e, so that 
the process or spine is on a different plane from that of the pro- 
sternum ; front and middle tarsi four- jointed, except in Celina; length 
less than 6 mm. Tribe I. Hydbopobini, p. 211. 

aa. Prosternum not deflexed ; all the tarsi distinctly five-jointed. 

1). Lower spur of hind tibire not or but little broader than the other. 
c. Outline of eye in front notched by the free margin of front of 
head; front tarsi of males with three (two in Agabinus) basal 
joints dilated, forming an oblong or elongate surface ; length 
usually 7 or more mm. Tribe II. Colymbetini, p. 221. 

cc. Outline of eye not notched ; front tarsi of males dilated so as to 
form a rounded or triangular disk; hind tarsi (except in Hy- 
datieus ) with two nearly equal claws; length 10-40 mm. 

Tribe III. Dytiscini, p. 229. 



THE PKEDACEOTJS DIVING BEETLES. 



211 



bh. Lower spur of hind tibiae dilated, much broader than the other ; front 
tarsi of males as in Dytisclni; hind tarsi with one claw (males) or 
very unequal claws (females) ; length 30 or more mm. 

Tribe IV. Cybistbini, p. 235. 

Tribe I. HYDROPORINI. 

Species of small size having the third joint of the front and 
middle tarsi deeply lobed and concealing the fourth joint, which, 
however, is often wanting ■ the fifth joint slender, with claws which 
sometimes vary in form according to sex. The "elytra! ligula" 
mentioned in the key is a tongue-like process on the inner face of 
the side margin of the elytra, which must be lifted to show it. Its 
function is to unite more perfectly the elytra and ventral segments. 
Seven genera are probably represented in Indian a. 

KEY TO GENERA OF HYDEOPOBINI. 

a. Hind coxal cavities widely separated, each with an elongate notch be- 
hind. IV. Hydeovatus. 
aa. Hind coxal cavities not notched behind. 

ft. Size small, 1.5-2 mm. ; first ventral segment firmly united to border 
of hind coxa?. 

c. Form rounded, convex ; prosternal process rhomboidal, acute at tip. 

V. Desmopachbia. 
cc. Form oblong, depressed; prosternal process oblong. 

VI. Bidessus. 

hi). Size larger, 2.5 or more mm. ; first ventral segment free. 

d. Scutellum visible. VII. Celina. 
dd. Scutellum not visible. 

e. Elytral ligula distinct, abrupt. VIII. Ccelambus. 

ee. Elytral ligula wanting. 

/. Mesosternum not reaching the metasternum. Debonectes. 
ff. Fork of mesosternum connected with the intercoxal process of 
the metasternum. IX. Hydbopobus. 

IV. Hydrovatus Mots. 1855. (Gr., ''water + old or stagnant.") 

This genus includes very small beetles which have the prester- 
num dilated triangularly behind the front coxae and the tips of the 
elytra produced into a sutural point. Two species are known from 
Indiana. 

400 (1257). Hydrovatus pustulatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1844, 29. 

Form rounded, convex. Head, thorax (except basal cross-blotch) and 
under parts reddish-yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown with a broad post- 
basal and a narrow subapical cross-bar orange. Upper surface alutaceous ; 
thorax faintly, elytra distinctly but sparsely, punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Northern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 15-August 20. 



212 



FAMILY IV. DTTISCIMJ. 



401 ( ). Hydeovatus indianensis sp. nov. 

Form of the preceding. Head and under surface reddish-brown ; thorax 
piceous with a median cross-bar reddish-brown ; elytra piceous, each with 
a broad reddish-brown sub-basal spot, a small spot behind middle and the 
tips also indistinctly reddish. Thorax and elytra sculptured as in pustu- 
lates. Length 3 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. August 5. A distinctly larger and 
much darker form than the preceding. 

V. Desmopachria Bab. 1841. (Gr., ' ' band + point. ' ') 

In this and the next genus the hind coxae are united firmly to 
the ventral segments so that the under surface of the body from the 
front of the metasternum to the hind margin of the third ventral 
segment consists of one rigid piece. Desmopachria comprises mi- 
nute, short, broad species, convex both above and beneath and hav- 
ing the hind coxae very greatly developed but with the coxal cavi- 
ties much exposed. The genus is represented in the eastern United 
States by a single small species. 

402 (1262). Desmopachria convexa Aube\ Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 479. 

Rounded, convex. Uniform brownish-red. shining. Elytra finely but 
distinctly punctulate. tapering to an obtuse apex. Clypeus with a distinct 
margin. Length 1.7 mm. 

Laporte, Marshall, Wayne and Marion counties ; frequent. Oc- 
curs beneath grass roots along the margin of water. May 15-Au- 
gust 15. 

VI. Bidessus Sharp. 1882. (G'r., "double + wet.") 

This genus contains a number of very small oblong- oval de- 
pressed beetles, usually of a brownish color with paler markings. 
The thorax has a basal groove or longitudinal fold on each side 
which is often continued onto the elytra. Five species are known 
from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BIDESSUS. • 

a. Basal grooves of thorax not continued onto elytra; elytra brown, each 
with two yellow spots. 403. flavicollis. 

aa. Basal grooves of thorax continued onto the elytra. 

h. Elytra distinctly pubescent with yellowish hairs. 404. pulicarius. 
l)b. Elytra not or very finely pubescent. 

c. Elytral portion of basal groove distinctly longer than the thoracic 
portion. 405. lacustris. 

cc. Basal groove about erpially divided between thorax and elytra, or 
distinctly longer on the former. 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



(I. First and second ventral segments smooth or obsol'etely punctate; 
elytra finely punctate. 406. affinis. 

dd. First and second ventral segments coarsely but sparsely punc- 
tate ; elytra coarsely punctate. 407. fuscatus. 

403 (1270). Bidessus flavicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 

295. 

Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax, legs and under surface yellow; 
elytra fuscous or brownish, each with two paler spots on the sides. Thorax 
and elytra densely and finely punctate, the basal grooves of the former 
very short. Hind coxae not longer than broad. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

A single specimen from Hudson Lake, Laporte County, July 15. 
Probably occurs sparingly in the lakes of the northern third of the 
State. Known from Illinois, Pennsylvania and New England. 

404 (1273). Bidessus pulicarius Aub6, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 494. 
Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra 

dark brownish-yellow, a faint yellow submarginal spot behind the middle 
and another near the apex ; postpectus and abdomen piceous. Elytra close- 
ly punctulate and covered with fine hairs visible only beneath the lens. 
Length 1.5-1.7 mm. 

Laporte, Kosciusko, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. May 
31- August 15. 

405 (1278). Bidessus lacustris Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 

103; ibid. II, 516. 
Oblong-oval, shining. Head and thorax dull reddish-yel- 
low ; elytra brownish-yellow clouded with darker ; under 
surface usually black. Elytra very finely and indistinctly 
punctate. Length 1.4-1.8 mm. (Fig. 108.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 15-Au- 
gust 20. 

406 (1275). Bidessus affinis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. 

Soc, II, 1823, 104; ibid. II, 517. 
Oblong-oval, feebly shining. Head, thorax and legs red- 

rig. lUo. X Jo. 

dish-yellow; elytra and under side fuscous brown, the for- (Original.) 
tner often with paler elongate markings. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; especially so in the northern 
lakes. April 4- August 20. 

107 (1279). Bidessus fuscatus Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873. 
391. 

Resembles affinis but darker and more shining. Known by the coarser 
punctures of elytra and hind coxal plates and the shorter impressed stria 
at base of elytra. Head and thorax almost smooth. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Starke County; scarce. Collected by sweeping along the north 
margin of Bass Lake. May 19. 




214 



FAMILY IV. DYTISOIM:. 



VII. Cellna Aube. 1836. (A proper name.) 

Elongate, glabrous, parallel species having the scutellum dis- 
tinct; front and middle tarsi with five joints; abdomen terminating 
in a short spine. One species occurs in the State. 

408 (1282). Celina angustata Aubg, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 447. 

Elongate-oblong, parallel. Brownish-red, alutaceous, shining; elytra 1 
disk with a blackish cloud. Thorax three times as wide as long, sides 
feebly rounded, disk very finely and sparsely punctate with coarser punc- 
tures along the apical and basal margins. Elytra sparsely, finely and 
irregularly punctate, with two or three discal rows of larger punctures; 
their tips ending in fine points. Middle tibiae of male curved and nar- 
rowed at middle, the basal portion slender, the apical much broader. Length 
4 mm. 

This is listed as a southern species, but a single specimen was 
taken in Lake County, on the shore of Lake Michigan, and another 
in Kosciusko County. June 9- August 1. 

VIII. Ccelambus Thorn. 1860. (Gr., "swollen + belly. ") 

To this genus belong a number of small, oval or rounded beetles, 
convex beneath (whence the generic name), and in color either 
brown or pale with black markings. All are devoid of pubescence, 
possess the elytral ligula above mentioned and have the humeral or 
basal portion of the epiplenras limited behind by a well-marked line. 
Seven species are known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CCELAMBUS. 

a. Front of head with a fine but distinct raised margin, the labrum much 
concealed ; under surface of body very convex, usually light brownish- 
yellow. 

J). Elytra without either distinct blackish spots or a carina on the sides, 
very coarsely and regularly punctured. 409. in^equalis. 

1)1). Elytra each with three or four black spots, and with a carina on the 
side, the punctures much finer. 410. acaeoides. 

an. Front of head without margin, the labrum little concealed; under sur- 
face of body less convex, wholly or partly black, 
c. Elytra without impressed lines ; smaller, 2.5-4.5 mm. 
d. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, usually with fine and 
coarse. punctures intermingled. 
e. Smaller, not over 3 mm. 

f. Abdomen wholly black ; sides of hind coxae very coarsely and 
sparsely punctate. 411. tuebidus. 

ff. Abdomen in part or wholly pale; sides of hind coxae finely 
punctate. 412. laccophilinus. 

ee. Larger, 3.8-4 mm. ; abdomen and meta sternum as in turhidus. 

413. DISSIMILIS. 



THE PREDACEOUS DTVTNG BEETLES. 



215 



dd. Elytra dull yellow, clouded with black streaks, finely, densely and 
evenly punctured. 414. nubilus. 

gc. Elytra usually with a sutural and two dorsal impressed lines, deeply 
and coarsely punctate ; larger, 5-5.5 mm. 

415. IMPKESSO-PUNCTATUS. 

409 (1284). Ccelambus injequalis Fab., Ent. Syst, I, 1792, 200. 

Short, suboval, convex above and below. Head and disk of thorax dull 
yellow, the latter with front and hind margins dusky. Elytra dark brown 
with traces of dull yellow, notable for the deep and regular punctures. 
Under surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctured. Length 3 mm. 

Steuben, Lake, Marshall, Laporte and Marion counties ; common 
in Lake Maxinkuckee. April 4-October 23. Usually listed as C. 
punctatus Say. 

410 (1288). Ccelambus acaeoides Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, VII, 

1855, 294. 

Rounded-oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and legs dull yellow ; elytra 
yellowish, with a large common sutural spot reaching past middle, and 
three discal spots on each, blackish ; an elevated submarginal carina on 
middle third. Length 2.5 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. July 5. Described from Illinois and 
Kentucky and probably occurs throughout the State. 

411 (1289). Ccelambus tubbidus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855. 

298. 

Oval, convex. Piceous brown, shining; head, antennae, legs and mar- 
gins of thorax dull brownish-yellow. Thorax finely punctate on apical half, 
more coarsely near the base. Punctures of elytra rather dense and mod- 
erately coarse. Length 2.8 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 2 8- July 21. Re- 
sembles C. inwqualis, but beneath black and much less convex, the 
elytra with finer punctures and the clypeus not margined in front. 

412 (1377). Ccelambus laccophilinus Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 

1878, 595. 

Short, ovate, subdepressed, pointed behind. Head and thorax light 
brown ; elytra darker, the male shining. Thorax of male finely rugose and 
minutely punctured. Elytra rather coarsely and regularly punctate in 
male; opaque and very finely punctulate in female. Basal segments of ab- 
domen rather coarsely punctured in both sexes. Length 2.6-3 mm. 

Marion and Marshall counties ; frequent. March 14-October 1. 
The females are minutely alutaceous and are much less common 
than the males. 

413 (1301). Ccelambus dissimilis Harr., Cat. Ins., 1835, 472. 
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Head and thorax dull yellow to brick-red ; 

elytra dark reddish-brown, rather thickly dotted with line and coarse punc- 
tures. Length 3.8-4 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Marion counties; scarce. March 14-July 15. 



216 



FAMILY TV. DYTLSeiDJE. 



414 - (1297). Ccelambus nubills Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL. 1855, 298. 
Elongate-oval. Head, thorax, legs and -antennae dull yellow; elytra 

with three or four irregular blackish streaks which sometimes merge to 
form a fuscous cloud behind the middle; under surface black. Length 
4.3 mm. 

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Green- 
castle. Putnam County, by Guy Wilson and presented to the writer. 
July 9. 

415 (1302). Ccelambus impbesso-punctatus Schall., Act. Hal., I, 1783, 312. 
Oblong-oval. Legs, head and apical half of thorax reddish-brown ; ver- 
tex, base of thorax and elytra dark brown, coarsely and deeply punctate. 
Many of the punctures elongate, confluent ; usually three impressed lines 
on each elytron, reaching to about the middle. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Marshall counties ; scarce. April 23-Au- 
gust 16. 

Deronectes depresses Fab., dull brownish-yellow, elytra with 
black lines more or less confluent, length 4.5 mm., and D. griseostri- 
atus, DeG.. black, densely punctate, the elytra often with narrow 
greenish stripes or even entirely greenish-black, length 4.5 mm., 
both range from New York and Canada to Michigan and westward, 
and perhaps occur in northern Indiana. 

IX. Hydroporus Clairv. 1806. (Gr., " water + to walk.") 

To this genus belong a large number of small species quite simi- 
lar in general appearance and therefore difficult to distinguish. 
They are mostly ovate in form, dark brown in color and have the 
head never margined in front; the presternum never truncate 
behind; swimming legs feeble. When captured in a water net, they 
leap or spring a few inches at a time, much in the same manner as 
do "click beetles." The following species have been taken or may 
occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROPORtS. ... .. . 

a. Hind coxal cavities not contiguous. 
&. Elytra variegated in color. 

c. Under surface black or piceous ; form oval ; length 3.5 mm. 

416. CONCTNNTJS. 

<■<■. Under surface reddish-brown ; form broader, more obtuse in front, 
more acute behind; length ."..7 mm. pCjlcher. 
bh. Elytra unicolorous. 

d. Under surface black or piceous ; prosternal spine large. 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



217 



c. Thorax strongly margined, sparsely but distinctly punctate. 

417. STAG IN A LI S. 

ee. Thorax linely margined, almost smooth. oblitus. 
del. Under surface reddish-brown ; prosternal process small ; head and 
thorax darker than elytra. 418. vms. 

Hind coxa? contiguous. 

/. Form elongate, obconie; antenna? of male with joints 3-5 dilated; 

length 5.5-6 mm. 419. diffoemis. 

//. Form oval or oblong-oval; antenna? of male not dilated; length not 

more than 5 mm. 

g. Under surface reddish-brown; side margins of thorax generally 
thickened. 

h. Elytra coarsely punctured, with two smooth, narrow lines on 
each ; above black or piceous, head and elytral markings dull 
yellow. 420. stkiatopunctatus. 

///;. Elytra without smooth lines. 

t. Clypeus rounded, broadly margined ; elytra blackish with bars 
or spots of reddish-brown. 

Thorax finely and indistinctly margined. 421. consimilis, 
jj. Thorax broadly and distinctly margined. 422. undulatus. 
U. Clypeus rounded, not margined. 

k. Elytra blackish with yellow markings ; form elongate-oval ; 
thorax not infuscate. mixtus. 
kk. Elytra reddish-yellow with elongate or oblong black mark- 
ings. 

I. Thorax with base and apex fuscous ; form convex ; sur- 

face with dense fine yellow pubescence. sekiceus. 

II. Thorax narrowly fuscous at base; form subdepressed ; 

pubescence much less distinct. 423. dimidiatus. 

gg. Under surface (except sometimes the abdomen) black or piceous; 
side margins of thorax not thickened, 
m. Thorax evenly and regularly punctate. 

n. Punctures of elytra distinct ; length 4 mm. 424. niger. 

nn. Punctures of elytra indistinct ; length 5 mm. 425. modestus. 
mm. Thorax unevenly and irregularly punctate, the disk often smooth, 
or nearly so. 

o. Thorax finely and somewhat indistinctly margined at the sides. 
p. Abdomen reddish-brown, paler than meso- and metathorax ; 
elytra finely and indistinctly punctured. 
q. Elytra piceous ; form more slender and parallel ; length 
3-3.5 mm. 426. pboximus. 

qq. Elytra reddish-brown ; form broader in front, more pointed 
behind; length 4 mm. 427. dichrous. 

pp. Abdomen black or piceous, not paler than meso- and meta- 
thorax ; elytra distinctly punctate; length 4 mm. 

428. AMERICANUS. 

oo. Thorax distinctly margined at sides ; black, legs reddish-brown ; 
length 4 mm. tenebrosus. 



218 



FAMILY IV. DYTI SCIME. 



416 (1309). HYDRoroBus concinnus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1855. 

297. 

Elongate-oval, attenuate behind. Head and thorax red> 
dish-brown, the latter broadly infuscate at apex, more 
narrowly at base; elytra black with three irregular red- 
dish-browu cross-bars, interrupted at suture, one sub- 
basal, one just behind the middle and the third at apex. 
Upper surface glabrous, very finely alutaceous. Elytra 
each with two more or less distinct striae of impressed 
punctures and with numerous very minute, scattered ones. 
Length 3.5 mm. (Fig. 109.) 

^(Original) Kosciusko. Marshall, Fountain and Lawrence 

counties; frequent. June 27-August 15. A hand- 
some species resembling undiilatus, but readily distinguished by its 
glabrous surface. 

H. pulcher Lee. colored above as in concinnus, is reported by 
Dury from Cincinnati. It is evidently very close to concinnus, and 
Crotch considered them the same, but Sharp describes them as dif- 
ferent. 

H. oblitus Aube. dark reddish-brown, slightly shorter and broad- 
er than stagnates, is also a species which may occur in northern In- 
diana. 

117 (1367). Hydbopobus stagnaijs G. & H., Cat. Col.. 1870, 441. 

Suboval. rather broad, sides parallel, obtusely rounded behind. Uni- 
form dark reddish-brown, glabrous, feebly shining; head and thorax vary- 
ing to paler. Thorax short, transverse, thickly margined; disk minutely 
alutaceous. very finely and sparsely punctate at middle, more coarsely along 
the base and apex. Elytra each with a median discal row of four to six 
coarse punctures on basal half; elsewhere rather sparsely but distinctly 
punctate. Length 3.5 mm. 

Laporte County : rare. October 21. A member of the boreal 
fauna. It is the collaris of LeConte. his name being preoccupied. 

418 (1370 ). Hydeopoeus vilis Lee, Ami. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. V, 1849, 208. 

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Head and thorax dark brown or piceous ; 
elytra paler reddish-brown. Upper surface glabrous, minutely alutaceous: 
both thorax and elytra very finely, sparsely and evenly punctured. Length 
3.3 mm. 

Found in numbers in mud and water beneath a stone in a deep 
ravine five miles northwest of Terre Haute. Yigo County. October 
20. Described from California and Oregon. H. terminatus Sharp 
is a synonym, according to Blanchard. who has compared my speci- 
mens with the LeConte type. 




THE PKEDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



419 (1375). Hydroporus diffobmis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 

298. 

Elongate, obconic. Nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, glabrous; an- 
tenna* and legs paler. Punctures of elytra uniform in size and rather coarse; 
those of thorax much finer. Prosternal spine elevated at sides and along 
the middle. Hind coxal lobes strongly developed. Length 5.5-6.2 mm. 

Taken only in Marion County, from woodland pond near Broad 
Ripple; scarce. March 14. Our largest member of the genus. 

420 (1328). Hydroporus striatopunctatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., II, 1844, 28. 

Elongate-oval. Thorax and ground color of elytra piceous ; elytral 
markings consisting of a sub-basal curved bar, an indistinct subapical and 
a distinct apical spot, dull yellow. Upper surface finely and sparsely pubes- 
cent. Elytra each divided into three subequal spaces by two smooth im- 
punctured longitudinal lines ; the intervals between them coarsely and 
sparsely punctured. Length 3.2 mm. 

Marshall County, near south end of Lake Maxinkuckee; rare. 

June 27. 

421 (1320). Hydroporus consimilis Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 214. 

Oval, rather wide, slightly attenuate behind. Head 
and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter fuscous on base 
and apex. Elytra blackish, with three irregular red- 
dish-brown spots; one marginal; extending from the 
humerus back one-third the length of elytron, then 
across nearly to suture, where it expands ; one be- 
hind the middle and one near or at apex ; these very 
variable in size and form. Length 4.5 mm. (Fig. 110.) 

Northern half of State ; frequent. April 4- 

OctODer 23. (After Wickham.) 

422 (1314). Hydroporus undulatus Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 

102; ibid. II, 99, 515. 
In LeConte's table this species is separated from consimilis only by the 
broader margin of the thorax. In the specimens at hand the ground color 
is somewhat paler and the reddish-brown marks of the elytra are smaller 
and more indistinct than in consimilis. Elytra more sparsely and coarsely 
punctate than there. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Laporte and Marion counties ; scarce. June 12. 

H. mixtus Lee, 4.1 mm., and H. sericeus Lee, 4.5 mm. in length, 
both have a range which would indicate their presence in northern 
Indiana. 

423 (1327). Hydroporus dimidiatus G. & H., Catalog Col., 1870, 432. 

semirufus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 296. 
Oval, moderately attenuate behind. Pale brownish-yellow ; thorax with 
a narrow black line on base ; elytra each with seven or eight black spots. 




zzu FAMILY IV: DYTISCIDJE. 

one sub-basal, three in an irregular row near the middle, and tbrc^ sub 
apical; these often bifid behind, and sometimes more or less confluent. Sur- 
face closely and finely punctate. Length 4 mm. 

Laporte. Starke. Marshall and Marion counties; scarce June 
9-Jime 16. 

424 (1361). Hydropoeus niger Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 1823, 102: 

ibid. II. 515. 

Oval, rather convex. Nearly uniform piceous above ; head, legs and 
region of humerus obscure reddish-brown ; antennas fuscous, the base paler. 
Thorax and elytra finely but distinctly and evenly punctured, sparsely 
pubescent. Sides of meso- and metasterna and base of abdomen coarsely 
punctured. Length 3.7-4 mm. 

Marion County, from woodland pond near Broad Ripple; scarce. 
April 4-May 16. 

425 (1366). Hydropoeus modestus Aube, Spec. Gen.. VI. 1838. 576. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous: head, sides of thorax and elytra, 

legs and often the sides of abdomen obscure reddish-brown. Thorax and 
elytra finely and indistinctly punctate, rather densely pubescent. Hind 
coxal plates finely and sparsely punctate; mesosternum coarsely punctured: 
metasternum and abdomen almost smooth. Prosternal spine with a dis- 
tinct median carina. Length 5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. April 4-Oetober 21. The 
males are more distinctly punctured and more densely pubescent 
than the females. 

426 (1323). Hydropoeus proximtjs Aube. Spec. Gen. des Hydrocan, 483. 
Oval, slightly convex. Head and thorax reddish-brown ; elytra piceous ; 

sometimes with antennas, legs and palpi reddish-brown. Thorax with sides 
feebly rounded, hind angles obtuse, disk sparsely punctate. Length 3- 
•3.5 mm. 

Lake County, from small pond near Pine: rare. August 24. 

427 (1359). Hydropoeus dicheous Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 

1844. 28. 

Broadly ovate, obtuse in front, pointed behind. Uniform reddish-brown 
above ; elytra rather thickly pubescent ; legs and often the abdomen reddish- 
brown ; pectus black or piceous. Upper surface, except disk of thorax, very 
finely and evenly punctate. Length 4 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 4— June 29. 

428 (1358). Hydeopoeus americaxus Aube, Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 575. 
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, legs and disk of thorax pale reddish- 
brown ; remainder of upper surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Disk of 
thorax almost smooth. Pubescence of elytra less dense than in allied 
species, usually distinctly visible only on the sides. Length 4 mm. 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



221 



Lake, Laporte and Starke counties ; scarce. May 28-August 20. 

H. tenebrosus Lee, is known from New Jersey and Lake Su- 
perior. 

Tribe II, COLYMBETINI. 

This tribe includes diving beetles of medium size or above, hav- 
ing the tarsi distinctly 5-jointed, those of the males with the dilated 
joints oblong. Nine genera are known to be represented in the 
State, while a single species of another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF COLYMBETINI. 

a. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment smooth ; smaller, 
rarely 11 mm. 
J). Hind tarsi with unequal claws. 

c. Spine of prosternum not sulcate; elytra with a pale pubescent spot 

on the inner face at apex. X. Ilybius. 

cc. Spine of prosternum deeply sulcate; elytra without pale spot. 

XI. Matus. 

hi). Hind tarsi with claws equal or nearly so. 

d. Last joint of palpi emarginate ; prosternal process much swollen 

along the middle. XII. Coptotomus. 

del. Last joint of palpi normal, not dilated or emarginate. 

e. Elytra deeply striate ; prosternal spine but little swollen at mid- 
dle, XIII. COPELATUS. 

ee. Elytra not distinctly striate. 

/. Thorax not margined ; elytra beneath the lens showing numer- 
ous very fine elongate stria? ; prosternum not sulcate. 

XIV. Agabetes. 

ff. Thorax margined at sides. 

g. Elytra with very fine longitudinal impressions ; hind legs 
short and stout; wing of metasternum linear, strongly 
curved. XV. Ilybiosoma. 

gg. Elytra without fine stria?; hind legs of medium length and 
size ; wing of metasternum wedge-shaped. XVI. Agabus. 
da. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment rugose; larger, 
usually 12 or more mm. 
7?. Upper surface conspicuously reticulate; thorax not margined on sides. 

SCUTOPTEEUS. 

Hh. Upper surface not reticulate. 

i. Elytra smooth, or in the female with short coarse lines ; metas- 

ternum with a broad, deep groove ; thorax margined. 

XVII. Rhantus. 

ii. Elytra with fine transverse wrinkles ; metasternum with a narrow 

indistinct groove ; thorax not margined. XVTII. Colymretes. 

The rugosities referred to under aa in the above table are near 
the first spiracle, and I he elytron must be raised to see them prop- 
erly. 



222 



FAMILY IV. DYTISCIDJE. 



X. Ilybius Er, 1832. (Gr., "mud + life. " ) 
Oblong, convex black or metallic beetles of medium size, having 
the thorax margined and the prosternal spine compressed and 
acute. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed, 
thickly fringed beneath, the claws equal, the anal segment often 
carinate; female with anal segment emarginate. The upper sur- 
face, when viewed with a lens, is seen to be finely reticulate, while 
beneath they are finely strigose. On the sides of the elytra are two 
small pale spots, one of which is subapical. 

Two species have been taken in Indiana while three others may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ILYBIUS. 

a. Hind tarsi of males with the joints margined at the outer lower edge ; 
all four spots of elytra distinct. 

b. Last ventral segment of male acutely carinate; above dark reddish- 

brown. 429. IGNAEUS. 

bl>. Last ventral of male not carinate, its apical portion with coarse 
lengthwise striae; upper surface greenish-bronzed, metallic. 

SUB^ENEUS. 

aa. Hind tarsi of males not margined at the lower outer edge. 

c. Last ventral of male carinate; one or both elvtral spots very faint. 
d. Black, slightly bronzed ; elytra without reddish marginal stripe. 

430. BIGUTTULUS. 

dd. More strongly bronzed ; elytra with reddish margins. 

FRATERCULUS. 

cc. Last ventral of male not carinate; elytra with margin broadly red 
from the humeri to beyond the middle. confusus. 

429 (1385). Ilybius ignabus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, 521. 
Elongate-oval, not dilated at middle. Dark reddish-brown; margin of 

elytra slightly paler, the front spot linear; legs piceous. Front tarsal claws 
of male distinctly sinuate beneath. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

Shore of Lake Michigan near Pine, Lake County; rare. May 
25. Also one specimen marked "Ind." in Webster collection. 

I. subceneus Erichs., 11.5 mm. : /. fraterculus Lee, 10.5 mm., and 
/. confusus Aube, 11 mm. in length, are all members of the boreal 
fauna which have been taken in Michigan and perhaps occur in 
northern Indiana. 

430 (1389). Ilybius biguttulus Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov., 1824, 29. 

Oval, convex, slightly dilated at middle. Antennae and front and mid- 
dle legs, reddish-brown; under snrfnee and hind legs piceous. 
Length 10-11 mm. (Fig. 111.) 

Lake, Laporte, Starke, Vigo and Fountain coun- 
ties; probably throughout the State; frequent. April 
23-October 6. When caught with the fingers it ex- 
Fig. in. udes from the under side a white milky substance. 




THE PREDA.CEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



223 



XI. Matus Aube. 1838. 
Here belongs one medium-sized species having the head very 
broad ; thorax margined ; prosternum deeply silicate ; claws of hjnd 
tarsi unequal, the outer one being nearly twice as long as inner. 

431 (1404). Matus bicarinatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 98; 

ibid. II, 512. 

Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Uniform brownish-red, shining; an- 
tennae paler. Thorax rounded at sides, front angles acute. Elytra with 
two or three rows of faint dorsal punctures. Length 8-9 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Wells, Marion and A r igo counties; frequent. 
Hibernates. March 14-Deeember 20. Readily known by the elon- 
gate form and peculiar color. 

XII. Coptotomus Say. 1834. (Gr., ''cut + joint.'') 
Medium-sized oval species having the terminal joint of the palpi 
somewhat compressed and notched at tip ; prosternum with an ele- 
vated carina; last joint of hind tarsi equal to fourth; claws equal, 
pressed together and apparently single. One 
species occurs in the State. 

432 (1396). Coptotomus inteerogatus Fab., Syst. 

Eleut, I, 1801, 267. 
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, thorax and un- 
der parts reddish-brown; vertex black; thorax 
black at base and apex; elytra pitch-brown, with 
numerous very small pale markings, a short stripe 
near the scutellum and an irregular marginal stripe, 
yellowish. Female with basal portion of elytra 
less shining than in male and marked with short, 
dense indistinct striae. Length 7 mm. (Fig. 111a.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 
IG-October 28. Probably hibernates. Taken 
at electric light in June. Fi s- ( A fter Sharp.) 

XIII. Copelatus Er. 1832. (Gr., "oar or leg + wide.") 
Rather small beetles having the claws equal in both sexes ; pro- 
sternum with an acute carina in front ; hind femora not ciliate at 
apex. The males have the fore and middle tarsi dilated and fur- 
nished with small eqnal disks. One species occurs in Indiana. 

433 (1402). Copelatus glyphicus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1S23, 

99 ; ibid. II, 512. 

Oblong-ovate, rather narrow, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown or 
piceous ; antennae and legs paler. Thorax almost smooth. Elytra each with 
ten deeply impressed stria?, reaching almost to apex. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 4-October 21. 
[15—23402] 




224 



FAMILY IV. DYTISCIDiE. 



XIV. Agabetes Crotch. 1873. (dr., " good + swimmer. " ) 

This genus contains but one short, broad, depressed species hav- 
ing the head somewhat flattened; thorax very short, with sides 
rounded, not margined ; prosternal spine with an acute carina. The 
males have the anal segment deeply impressed each side, and the 
front tarsal claws very long. 

434 (1405). Agabetes acuductus Ilarr., New Eng. Far.. 1828, 124. 

Oval, snbdepressed. Blackish or piceous, feebly shining; head, side 
margins of thorax and humeri of elytra reddish. Disk of thorax and sur- 
face of elytra with very numerous short scratches or impressions. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko and Knox counties; rare. April 29-Septem- 
ber 2. 

XV. Ilybiosoma Crotch. 1873. ((jr., ' ' mud or slime + body.") 

This genus comprises two medium-sized species having the hind 
tibia? and tarsi very short ; first tarsal joint shorter than the tibial 
spur. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed, nar- 
rowly dilated; claws simple. One of the two, described from Can- 
ada and belonging to the boreal fauna, occurs in northern Indiana. 

435 (1399). Ilybiosoma bifabia Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.. IV, 1837. 71. 
Obloug-ovate, subconvex. Black, shining; head in front, antenna 1 , legs 

and side margins of thorax reddish-brown. Elytra with numerous minute 
longitudinal impressed lines which, behind the middle, are transverse. Length 
G-7 mm. 

Represented in the collection by a single specimen taken near 
Pine, Lake County. May 3. 

XVI. Agabus Leach. 1817. (Or., a proper name.) 

A large number of blackish or more or less metallic, rarely varie- 
gated beetles, ranging from 7 to 12 mm. in size and having the 
thorax margined ; prosternum often acutely car in ate ; claws of hind 
tarsi equal ; elytra usually very finely reticulate or alutaceous. The 
front tarsi of the males are swollen, the joints beneath being clothed 
with hairs which are usually tipped with minute disks. The hind 
legs are rather feebly developed for swimming, and the beetles are 
therefore often found under stones in wet, grassy places, or about 
the roots of semi-aquatic plants in marshes and shallow pools. 
More than 50- species are listed from the United States. Of these, 
10 are known from Indiana while several others doubtless occur. 
On account of their close similarity they are difficult to separate un- 
less both sexes are at hand, 



THE PBEDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



225 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE AGABUS. 

• Outer front tarsal claw of male elongate and dilated or thickened be- 
neath. 

6. Elytra brownish-yellow; length 9.5 mm. erythropterus. 
1)1). Elytra black, finely and densely reticulate ; length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

436. ANTHRACINUS. 

. Outer front claw of moderate length, not dilated beneath. 
c. Front tarsal claws of male compressed, obtusely dentate at base. 

d. Elytra brownish, more or less pale; inner margin of hind tibiae 

without punctures; prosternal spine acutely carinate along the 
middle ; length 8.5-9.5 mm. 437. confinis. 

del. Elytra black or brassy black; inner margin of hind tibiae with a 
row of punctures ; prosternal spine broad, nearly flat ; length 9- 
10 mm - 438. SERIATUS. 

ee. Front tarsal claws of male simple or acutely dentate. 

e. Front claws of male simple. 

/. Inner margin of hind tibiae without punctures. 
g. Prosternal spine rather narrow, convex. 

h. Elytra dark reddish-brown, very shining, without a submar- 

ginal pale stripe, their surface not coarsely reticulate; 
length 7.5-8.5 mm. 439. punctattts! 

hit. Elytra fuscous with a reddish-yellow submarginal stripe; 
their surface coarsely and unequally reticulate; length 

8 mm - RETICULATUS. 

00. Prosternal spine broad, flat, polished; elytra black, each with 
a dull yellow submarginal stripe. 

i. Broadly ovate ; under surface reddish-brown; length 10 mm. 

440. STAGNINUS. 

ii, More narrowly ovate ; under surface black ; length 7.5-8 mm. 

OBTUSATUS. 

//'. Inner margin of hind tibiae with a row of deep punctures; thorax 
finely margined ; elytra uniform piceous, shining ; length 9 mm. 

441. GAGATES. 

ee. Outer front claw of male acutely dentate near the base. 
j. Elytra dull yellow with black stripes. 
k. Body beneath wholly red; first joint of middle tarsi equal to 
the next three combined ; length 9 mm. tjeniolatus. 
II: Meso- and metasterna and coxae black; first joint of middle 
tarsi less elongate ; length 7.5-8 mm. 442. disintegrate. 
j). Elytra not dull yellow. 

I Elytra reddish-piceous with a greenish or brassy tinge, finely 
punctulate ; length 7 mm. 443. ^ NEOLUS 

11. Elytra black. 

m. Form broad, subdepressed ; elytra with a subapical pale 
stripe; length 8.5-9 mm. 444. semivittatus. 

mm. Form narrow, convex; elytra without pale stripe but with 
numerous irregular punctures ; length 6-7 mm. 

445. semipunctatus. 



22fi 



FAMILY IV. — DYTTSOTT)^. 



A. erytJiropterus Say, A. reticulatus Aube and A. obtusatus 
Say are members of the boreal fauna known from Massachusetts to 
Lake Superior and perhaps occur in northern Indiana. 

436 (1433). Agabus antheacinds Mann, Bull. Mosc, II, 1852, 304. 
Oval, moderately convex. Black, subopaque ; antennae, palpi and legs 

reddish-brown. Upper surface everywhere finely and densely reticulate. 
Elytra with a few fine scattered punctures toward apex. Prosternum dis- 
tinctly widened behind the front coxse, subcarinate its full length. Front 
and middle tarsi of male with distinct but small disks. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. Taken from border of 
sphagnum marsh. A boreal species ranging to Hudson's Bay and 
Alaska. 

437 (9300). Agabus confinis Gyll., Ins. Suec, I, 1S27, 511. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Head, thorax and under surface black; elytra 

dark brown, polished; antennae, front legs and margins of elytra reddish- 
brown; hind femora piceous. Elytra sparingly and irregularly punctate. 
Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties ; frequent beneath rubbish along the 
shores of Lake Michigan. May 5-November 9. 

438 (1411). Agabus seeiatus Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 97; 

ibid. II, 511. 

Oblong-ovate, subconvex. Black, slightly bronzed, shining; antenme 
and legs dark reddish-brown. Elytra very finely and closely reticulate, 
with two or three dorsal rows of punctures evident but indistinct. Length 
9-10 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 24-October 20. In 
Vigo County taken from beneath stone in bottom of deep ravine. 

439 (1421). Agabus punctatus Melsh., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 

1844, 27. 

Short, ovate, convex. Head, antennae and legs reddish-brown; thorax 
and elytra darker brown; under surface piceous. Thorax with sides nearly 
straight, the margin distinct. Elytra with irregular dorsal rows of punc- 
tures and numerous additional scattered ones on apical half. Outer spur 
of hind tibiae broad and large. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties. March 14~June 4. Common in 
woodland pond near Broad Eipple in early spring. 

440 (1417). Agabus stagninus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 100; 

ibid. II, 513. 

Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, slightly bronzed above, 
shining; under parts reddish-brown; vertex with two small reddish spots. 
Sides of thorax but little rounded, strongly margined. Elytra very finely 
reticulate, with an indistinct submarginal yellowish stripe on apical half 
and three rows of rather large punctures. Length 10 mm. 



THE PRBDAOEOTTS DIVING BEETLES. 



227 




Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. This spe- 
cies is close to semivittaius but is larger, broader, more depressed 
and the male has simple claws. 

441 (1447). Agabus gagates Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 306. 

Ovate, subconvex. Piceous, shining; antennae, legs, head in front, pro- 
and mesosterna and sides of thorax more or less reddish brown. Sides of 
thorax slightly rounded, rather strongly margined. Elytra finely and closely 
reticulate with dorsal rows of fine but evident punctures. Prosternal spine 
carinate. Length 9-9.5 mm. 

Laporte and Vigo counties; scarce. August 26-November 4. 
Those found on the latter date were taken beneath stones in a damp 
ravine. 

A. tmiiolahis Harr., is recorded from Ohio, New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. 

442 (1428). Agabus disintegratus Crotch, Trans. Amer. 

Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 416. 

Ovate, subconvex. Head and thorax dull reddish, the 
latter with the front and hind margins black; elytra dull 
yellow, with three or four narrow black stripes. Surface 
smooth. Length 8 mm. (Pig. 112.) 

Marion, Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. 
March 14-October 18.' (Affc/wickham.) 

443 ( ). Agabus ^neolus Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 437. 

Ovate. Above reddish-brown or reddish-piceous, elytra often with a 

greenish tinge ; beneath black or piceous ; antennae and legs paler. Thorax 
strongly margined and with an angulate row of coarse punctures near the 
hind angles. Elytra very finely punctate and reticulate, with dorsal rows 
of coarser punctures which are confused towards apex. Prosternal spine 
subcarinate. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 28. Taken from the beach of Lake 
Michigan near Pine. 

444 (1419). Agabus semivittatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 204. 
Rather broadly ovate, subconvex. Black, shining; elytra with an in- 
distinct submarginal yellowish stripe on apical third; antennae and legs 
reddish-brown. Sides of thorax nearly straight. Elytra finely and obso- 
letely punctate, the dorsal rows of punctures irregular, rather deeply im- 
pressed, confused toward the apex. Length 8.5-9 mm. 

Lake, Laporte, Putnam, Morgan and Jefferson counties ; scarce. 
May 5-September 5. 

445 (1423). Agabus semipunctatus Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1S37, 69. 
Oblong-ovate, convex, the sides rather parallel. Black ; antennae, mouth 

parts and legs reddish-brown. Elytra of male shining, very finely reticu- 



228 



FAMILY IV. — DYTISCILVR. 



late, with the dorsal rows of punctures well marked and additional ones in 
the intervals; of female opaque, more coarsely reticulate and without punc- 
tures. All the tarsal claws short and weak. Length 6-7 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties, beneath rubbish along the shores of 
lakes ; scarce. May 25-October 21. 

Scutopterus angustus Lee, black, length 16 mm., is known from 
Canada, Lake Superior and Kansas. 

XVII . R rr ant us Eseh. 1833. (Gr., "to wet or soak.") 

Medium-sized species having the thorax margined; last joint of 
hind tarsi as short as fourth, with claws unequal. Males with front 
and middle tarsi compressed, dilated, and with four transverse 
rows of disks on under side. The following species have been 
taken or may occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EHANTUS. 

a. Claws of middle tarsi of male unequal, the outer one much longer than 
the inner. 

h. Thorax with hind angles not prolonged ; elytra blackish with numer- 
ous fine dull yellow markings. 
c. Thorax with one or two median black spots ; length 11.5-12 mm. 
d. Legs dull yellow ; discal spot of thorax divided by a narrow line. 

BINOTATUS. 

(tel. Femora black ; discal spot entire, transversely quadrate. 

FLAVOGKISEUS. 

cc. Thorax yellow, its front and hind margins black ; length 10.5 mm. 

446. BISTKIATUS. 

hit. Thorax with base deeply bisinuate. the hind angles prolonged, acute; 
elytra wholly black or piceous ; length 10 mm. sinuatus. 
aa. Claws of middle tarsi of male equal; upper surface entirely black; 
length 12 mm. 447. confusus. 

B. binotalus Harr., and B. flavogriseus Crotch, both have a 
range which may include northern Indiana. 

446 (1466). Rhaktus bistbiatus Bergst., Norn., I, 42. 

Rather shortly ovate. Head black, front and vertex dull yellow ; thorax- 
yellow, its front and hind margins black ; elytra blackish, the margins and 
many small reticulate marks dull yellow ; presternum and four front legs 
reddish-brown ; remainder of under surface black. Outer middle claw of 
male very broad, compressed. Length 9-10 mm. 

Beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake County; rare. May 
5-June 28. 

B. sinuatus Lee., is known from New r York, Illinois and Mich- 
igan. 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



229 



447 ( ). IllIANTUS CONFUSUS Sp. 110V. 

Elongate-oval, rather robust, subdepressed. Above uni- 
form black, shining; antennae and palpi light reddish- 
brown ; tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-brown ; under sur- 
face piceous. Head smooth, the front with two small 
foveae between the bases of antennae. Thorax more than 
twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins dis- 
tinct ; surface with sparse fine punctures near the front 
and hind margins. Elytra each with four double rows 
of fine, very confused punctures. Presternum convex but 
not distinctly carinate along the middle. Length 12 mm. Fig. 113. x 2\. 

(Pig. 113.) (Original.) 

Floyd County - rare. September 28. Described from a single 
male taken from beneath a stone on the shore of the Ohio River. 
Under a strong lens the entire upper surface of both this and bis- 
iriatus is seen to be marked with very fine reticulated lines between 
which are numerous exceedingly minute punctures, giving it the ap- 
pearance of being alutaceous. 

XVIII. Colymbetes Clairv. 1806. (Gr., "dive + swim. ") 
Rather large elongate beetles having the sides of thorax oblique, 
not margined; scutellum punctate; elytra with very fine transverse 
striae. The males have the anal segment triangularly emarginate 
and joints 2 and 3 of front and middle tarsi clothed with small 
equal disks. One species occurs in Indiana. 
448 (1474). Colymbetes sculptilis Ilarr., N. Eng. Far., 1829, 8. 

Elongate-oval. Vertex black with two small paler spots ; 
thorax, front of head and margins of elytra dull yellow, 
the thorax with a black transverse discal bar; disk of 
elytra darker; under surface black, legs and hind mar- 
gins of abdominal segments reddish-brown. Length 16 mm. 
(Fig. 114.) 

Occurs sparingly along the shore of Lake Michi- 
gan ; not noted elsewhere but should occur. May 

Fig. 114. X If ^ Tnnp 9fi 
(After Wickham.) O-JUne Zb. 

Tribe III. DYTTSOINI. 
Diving beetles of large or medium size, easily distinguished by 
the peculiar dilated form of the front tarsi of the males. In these 
the first three joints form a circular cushion with small disks on the 
under side. The middle tarsi are also frequently dilated, the joints 
being oblong with variously arranged disks or suckers beneath. 
Sometimes, as in Acilius, there are three well-marked sizes of disks 
on the same foot. The tribe is represented in the United States by 
six genera, five of which occur in Indiana. 





230 



FAMILY IV. DYTISCIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DYTISCINI. 

a. Length one inch or more ; joints of hind tarsi not fringed with flattened 
hairs on the outer margin, the last one with two claws; front tarsi 
of males with two large and numerous small disks. 

XIX. Dytiscus. 

aa. Length scarcely exceeding one-half inch ; joints of hind tarsi fringed on 
the outer margin. 
6. Spurs of hind tibia? acute at apex ; claws of hind tarsi unequal. 

XX. Hydaticus. 

hi). Spurs of hind tibia? emarginate at apex. 

c. Elytra either 4-sulcate (female), or with distinct, closely placed. 

moderate sized punctures (male). XXL Aciljt/s. 

cc. Elytra not distinctly punctured, sometimes very finely punctulate 
or partially acieulate. 
d. Middle femora with long conspicuous seta?. 

XXII. Thermonectes. 
dd. Middle femora with short, stout seta?. XXIII. Graphoderes. 

The emarginate or bifid tips of the tibial spurs in the last three 
genera are very fine, and must bo looked for with a good lens. 



XTX. Dytiscus Linn. 1735. (Gr. ? "a diver.") 

To this genus belong the largest of our diving beetles. They 
are of a dark olive-brownish hue. with the elypeus and a stripe 
along the sides of thorax and elytra dull yellow; front and hind 

margins o f thorax 
also usually more or 
less yellow. (Fig. 
115.) Form elon- 
gate-oval, little eon- 
vex and of variable 
width ; elypeus sepa- 
rated from head by 
a suture visible 
across the full width 
of head; thorax not 
margined; claws 
equal in both sexes. 
The females of some 
. sneeies alwavs have 

rig. llo. Dytiscm:— a, hrva of D. margmalis devouring a larva ot •>■ 
En'aemera; b, pupa of same; c, D. fasciventris Say; grooved elytron of |i i j HpptVI v arir ] 
it tarsus of male, under side, showing the suction cups; e, LliC L V lLcl UCC 1 J V o,llkx 




female; d, front 
same of female. (After Riley.) 



broadly silicate 



i n 



some they are always smooth, while in a third group the females 
are dimorphic, i. e., have either smooth or sulcate elytra. Four 
species are known from Indiana, while three others perhaps occur. 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



231 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DYTISCUS. 

a. Labrum distinctly emarginate at middle. 

h. Hind coxal processes rounded or acute, not spinose. 

c. Thorax with sides yellow, base and apex not or only indistinctly so. 
d. Abdominal segments reddish-brown with a piceous hind margin ; 
elytra of female always sulcate. 449. fasciventkis. 

(hi. Abdominal segments uniform black or piceous; elytra of females 
smooth. 

e. Elytra without a narrow subapical cross-bar of yellow; smaller, 
25-27 mm. 450. iiybridus. 

ee. Elytra with a narrow oblique subapical cross-bar; larger, 32- 
35 mm. 451. verticalis. 

cc. Thorax with base and apex, as well as sides, distinctly and rather 
broadly yellow ; females dimorphic. 
/. Hind coxal processes acute ; length 33 mm. marginalis. 
ff. Hind coxal processes obtuse; length 30 mm. sublimbatus. 
l)l>. Hind coxal processes produced, distinctly spinose; thorax with base, 
apex and sides broadly yellow ; length 31-35 mm. dauricus. 
aa. Labrum nearly truncate at middle; thorax with all the margins dis- 
tinctly and broadly yellow ; females dimorphic. 452. harrisii. 

449 (1481). Dytiscus fasciyentris Say. Long's Exped.. II, 

270; ibid. I, 177. 
Elongate-oval. Greenish-black above; thorax margined 
with yellow only on the sides, or with a faint trace of yel- 
low at base and apex. Elytra of female each with ten 
grooves which reach beyond the middle; their apical third 
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 25-28 mm. (Fig. 
116.) 

Dekalb and Marion counties; frequent. April 10- 
July 18. 

450 (1782). Dytiscus hybridits Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 116. 
Regularly ovate. Thorax shorter than in fasciventris, the apex usually 

narrowly yellow and sometimes with a faint yellow line at base. Pale mar- 
gin of elytra of nearly equal width throughout. Length 2G-2S mm. 

Lake. Laporte. Starke. Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. 
April 15-September 19. 

451 (1483). Dytiscus verticalis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 1S23, 

92; ibid. II, 500. 

Oval, rather broad. Thorax margined with yellow only on sides. Ely- 
tra with three rows of well marked dorsal punctures ; the marginal yellow 
line narrowing on apical half, the subapical line often somewhat indistinct. 
Length 33-35 nun. 

Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers. Lake Conntv; scarce. 
May 28. 




_ Fig. 116. 

Xatural size. 



232 



FAMILY IV. DYTlM'll'i:. 




D. marginalis Linn.. D. sublimbatas Lec. and D. dauricus Gebl.. 

are all boreal species which may occur in northern 
Indiana. 

452 (1491). Dytiscus harbisii Kirby, Faun. Bor. Anier. 
1837. 76. 

Broadly aval. Thorax at base, apex and sides broadly 
bordered with yellow. Elytra with marginal stripe nar- 
rowed only near apex, and with a narrow subapical cross- 
bar as in verticalis. Abdominal segments reddish-yellow 
margined with piceous. Length 38-40 mm. ( Fig. 117. I 

Lake and Marion counties ; rare. June 26. Our 
Fi g . hi Two-third? largest and best marked species. The Marion Goun- 
CAfttfwicSm.) ty specimen is in the Dury collection. 

XX. Hydaticus Leach. 1817. (Gr.. "found in the water.") 

Moderate sized, convex, regularly oval species having the thorax 
not margined: prosternal spine with a rather broad oval expansion, 
and obtuse or rounded at apex : hind tarsal claws unequal, the inner 
one the longer. The dilated front tarsi of males bear numerous 
subequal disks, the middle tarsi being also broadly dilated and with 
four rows of disks. Three species have been taken in the State, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDATICUS. 

a. Bows of punctures on upper face of hind tibia? distant from one an- 



other and parallel with enter border of tibiae 
h. Above reddish-brown : sides of thorax dull yellow. 



453. piceus. 



hh. Above piceous; thorax reddish with a black basal cross-bar. 
c. Elytra each with four or five narrow dull yellow lines. 

454. STAGNATES. 

cd Elytra uniform piceous. the margin only paler. 

455. E.EVIPEXXIS. 

an. Bows of punctures on upper face of hind tibiae rather close together 
and not parallel with hind margins; thorax as in stagnates; elytra 
with a submarginal yellow stripe, recurved at the humerus and not 
reaching apex. bimakginatus. 

453 (1479). Hydaticus piceus Bee. New Sp. X. Amer. Col.. I. 1S63, 23. 
Oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown : subopaque. front of 

head, margins of thorax and elytra paler : front and middle legs pale brown : 
hind legs and abdomen darker. Dorsal rows of punctures evident but indis- 
tinct. Female with several irregular elongate punctures each side of mid- 
dle of front of thorax. Length 12-13 mm. 

Lake and Wells counties ; scarce. April 20— June 25. 

454 (1477). Hydaticus stagnaeis Fab. ? Mant. I. 191. 

Ovate, subconvex. Above piceous: thorax and front of head reddish- 
vellow. the former with a curved black basal cross-bar which does not reach 



THE PREDAOEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



233 



the margins; elytra with the margin broadly yellow and usually with a 
sub-basal yellowish band from which extend backward four or five narrow 
dull yellow lines; under surface dark pieeous, the prosternum paler. Length 
12.5-14 mm. 

Lake and Steuben counties : rare. May 27-August 16. 

455 (1478). Hydaticus leyipennis Thorns., Op. Ent.. Ill, 324. 

Elongate-OYal, subc-omrex. Pieeous aboYe and beneath ; front of head, 
thorax except a basal cross-bar. front and middle legs and antennae reddish- 
yellow ; side margins of elytra dull brownish-yellow: middle tibiae pieeous. 
Dorsal rows of punctures distinct. Female with tips of elytra slightly pro- 
duced and subsinuate. Length 12.5 mm. 

One male in Field Museum collection from "Ind.," probably 
St. Joseph County. The dark basal cross-bar of thorax is widest at 
middle and tapers to a line each side. 

H. bimarginatus Say, 12 mm. in length, occurs from Ohio to 
Georgia and Florida. 

XXI. Acilius Leach. 1817. (L., a Koman name.) 

Medium-sized subdepressed. species, slightly oboyate in 
form, and having the upper surface distinctly and regu- 
larly punctate; thorax not margined; hind coxa? very 
large. Females with elytra either sulcate or smooth. 
Males with front tarsi broadly dilated, with one large and 
two small disks beneath, the middle tarsi simple, the 
hind claws equal. (Fig. 118. ) Two species have been 
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur. 




118. 

Comstock.) 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACILIUS. 

a. Vertex with a distinct M-shaped black mark ; sulci of female elytra un- 
equal in length, the outer ones longer and reaching nearly to base. 
1). Hind femora reddish-brown; length 12.5-14 mm. 

456. SEMISULCATUS. 

1)1). Hind femora black ; length 12 mm. mediates. 
aa. Vertex without an M-shaped mark; sulci of female subequal in length 
and reaching only to middle of elytra; length 13-15 mm. 

457. EKATERXUS. 

456 (1492). Acilius semisulcatus Aube. Spec. Gen.. 
VI. 1S3S. 132. 
Broadly oval or oboYate. Dull brownish-yellow aboYe ; 
head with base and an M-shaped mark on Yertex 
black ; thorax with two transYerse black lines on 
disk, the front one the wider; elytra closely marked 
with black dots and with subapical yellowish cross- 
bar. Length 12.5-14 mm. (Fig. 119.) 



Lake, Marshall, Marion and Vigo counties 
frequent, June 12-August 15. 




Fig. 119 X 2. 
(After Wjckham.) 



234 



FAMILY IV. — DYTlSCIML 



A. medial us Say has the same range as the other two species, 
and should therefore occur in the State. 

457 (1493). Acinus fbateknus Harr., New Eng. Far., 1S29, S. 

Close to semisulcatus. but a little larger, darker and more densely 
punctured. Black lines of thorax broader ; femora nearly black. Length 
13-14.5 mm. 

Marion. Putnam and Vigo counties; frequent. March 14— Au- 
gust 12. In coitu on the earlier date, motionless, heads downward 
and ventral sides together. TVnen disturbed they dived quickly 
and hid in the leaves and trash at the bottom of the water. 

XXII. Thermoxectes Esch. 1833. (Gr.. "a warm springs 

swimmer. ' ' ) 

Medium-sized, rather convex species resembling Acilius in ap- 
pearance, but having the upper surface polished, smooth, or -with 
but one to three dorsal rows of punctures ■ thorax without side mar- 
gins; prosternal process bread and short ; hind tarsal claws unequal. 
The front tarsi of the males bear two or three larger basal and 
numerous small unequal disks on the lower side. The basal halves 
of elytra of females are marked with numerous short, deep elongate 
punctures. Two species occur in the State. 

453 (1495). Thermoxectes orxaticoi.lis Aube. Spec. Gen.. YI. 1S38. 140. 

Ovate, subconvex. Above dull yellow : bead with vertex and an M- 
sbaped mark black ; thorax with two transverse black lines, tbe front one 
tbe narrower ; elytra marked with many small black more or less confluent 
dots, and an indistinct black bar behind the middle ; under surface reddish- 
brown. Elytra each with two discal rows of rather distinct distant punc- 
tures. Length 11.5-13 mm. 

Vigo County : rare. May 28. 

459 (1496). Thermoxectes basilaris Harr.. X. Eng. Far.. 1S2S ? 8. 

Ovate, subconvex. Above black ; head in front and a transverse line 
on tbe vertex dull yellow : thorax with tbe sides and a narrow discal bar 
of tbe same color ; elytra with the margins, a sub-basal cross-bar and some 
vague markings on the sides yellowish ; under surface reddish-brown or 
piceous, tbe front and middle legs paler. Elytra punctate as in ornaticoUis. 
Length 9-10 mm. 

Lake. Marshall and Putnam counties; scarce, May 20- Au- 
gust 15. 

XXIII. Grapijodeees Esch. 1S33. (Gr.. "write 4- skin.") 

This genus is close to .Thermonectes. The males have the front 
tarsi as there, but have also the middle tarsi dilated and bearing two 



THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 



235 



rows of disks on under side. The elytra of female are either smooth 
or rough, with miouce tubercles. Two species are known from In- 
diana. 

460 (1498). Geaphoderes liberus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, V, 

1825, 160; ibid. II, 271. 
Slightly obovate, subdepressed. Head and thorax dull reddish-yellow, 
the latter sometimes piceous at base ; elytra blackish-brown, with numerous 
fine yellow vermiculate marks, these sometimes forming a yellowish mar- 
gin; under surface reddish-brown, the legs paler. Elytra each with two 
rows of indistinct dorsal punctures. Length 11.5-12 mm. 

Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent in woodland ponds. 
August 7- Aug ust 12. 

461 (1499). Graphoderes fascicollis Harr., N. Eng. Far., VII, 1828, 156. 
Broadly ovate, subconvex. Head with occiput and an M-like mark 

black ; thorax dull yellow with a rather broad black bar on front and hind 
margins; elytra blackish, thickly marked with dull yellow dots, the mar- 
gins and a very narrow sutural line yellow ; under surface dull brownish- 
yellow. Length 13.5-14.5 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties; scarce. March 23-May 27. This 
species is said by Sharp to be distinguished from the European G. 
cinereus Linn, by the male having fewer disks on the front and 
middle tarsi. In one male from Pine, Indiana, the middle tarsi are 
not at all dilated. 

Tribe IV. CYBISTRINI. 

This tribe is represented in the United States by a small number 
of large species belonging to the single genus Cybister. They have 
the spiracles very small ; hind legs broad and powerful ; their tibia? 
short and broad, with the lower one of the two apical spurs dilated ; 
hind claws very unequal, the inner being obsolete or wanting in our 
species. The front tarsi of the males have joints 1-3 dilated into a 
large circular disk bearing four rows of equal-sized cupules. In the 
hollows behind the hind coxa? of the males are four or five deep 
ridges which, when rubbed by a ridge on the under side of the fe- 
mur, form a stridulating organ. 

XXIY. Cybister Esch. 1833. (Gr., ' ' a tumbler or diver. ") 

This genus is considered as representing the highest and most 
completely developed form of Dytiscidre. One of the five species 
known from the United States occurs in Indiana. 



236 



FAMILY V. GYKINIDJE. 



462 (1502). Cybister fimbkiolatus Say, Trans. Airier. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 
9; ibid. II, 506. 

Ovate, more or less wedge-shaped. Above brown with a faint greenish 
tinge; thorax and elytra with a broad yellow margin; front of head, four 
front legs and spots at sides of abdominal segments 3 to 6, also yellow. 
Thorax and elytra of female, except along the suture, with numerous fine 
short impressed lines. Length 30-33 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 27-September 20. In 
autumn sometimes found beneath rubbish on the beaches of lakes. 

Family Y. GYRINILLE. 
The Whirligig Beetles. 

In the little bays of lakes and ponds and along the quiet places 
of flowing streams one often sees, close into shore, large colonies 
of beetles playing and gyrating upon the surface of the still water. 
These beetles are oval or elliptical in form, somewhat flattened, more 
or less attenuate at either end and usually of a brilliant bluish-black 
color. The name of the family is founded upon the principal 
genus Gyrinus, which in turn is derived from a Greek word mean- 
ing "a circle," and given to these insects on account of their habit 
of moving in little circles upon the surface of the water. They do 
not swim, as commonly stated, but glide or skate upon the surface- 
film of the water in the same manner as do the wherrymen or water- 
spiders among the Hemiptera. Except when pursued they rarely 
dive beneath the surface, and they then carry with them a small 
supply of air and stay but a short time. Being so agile they are 
difficult to capture even with a net, When handled they exude a 
milky fluid which usually has a disagreeable odor, but in certain 
species resembles that of ripe apples, hence they are sometimes 
called "apple bugs." 

Some of the species occasionally crawl out of the water onto logs, 
stones or other objects, where they bask in the sunlight. If ap- 
proached when so engaged, they let go all hold and tumble, instead 
of crawling back into the water, much in the same way as does a 
basking turtle. When undisturbed, the colonies or groups are 
usually massed close together, and are sometimes almost quiescent, 
The least alarm will, however, cause a large, closely bunched assem- 
bly to scatter widely in all directions. 

From the margins of these groups individuals are continually 
darting out for a short distance, then back" again. These little jour- 
neys are probably made in search of prey, as the beetles snap vigor- 



THE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES. 



237 




ously at any small insect they meet upon the surface of the water. 
Sometimes the outsider becomes alarmed and skates back at full 
speed into the assembly, putting its members into wild stampede. 

Although easily recognized by their form and habits, the Gyri- 
nidce are distinguished from allied families by having the eyes 
completely divided by the sides of the head into 
upper and lower parts, both rounded, so that 
they appear to have four eyes, two for looking 
up into the air and two for gazing down into the 
water. (Fig. 120.) The antennae are very 
short, thick, inserted behind the mandibles, the 
third joint enlarged so as to resemble an ex- A" 
ternal ear, the following joints rather broad and h ^ineX°^t 
united so as to form a spindle-shaped append- Vldedeye - (After Folsom ° 
age (Fig. 4, No. 16) ; front legs very long, rather slender, and when 
at rest placed in oblique grooves between the pro- and mesosterna ; 
middle and hind legs short, broad, very much flattened; tibiae with- 
out spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, the joints in part flattened and trian- 
gular. 

The eg;gs of the Gyrinidae are laid in parallel rows upon the 
leaves of aquatic plants. The grubs are long, narrow and much 
flattened, and breathe by means of tracheal gills attached to the 
abdominal segments. (Fig. 121.) They are chiefly carnivorous, 
and when full grown leave the water and spin a gray, paper-like co- 
coon on some nearby object, in which they undergo the pupal stage. 

Only about 40 species of Gyrinidae are known from the United 
States. These are divided among three genera, two of which are 
known to occur in the State, while the single species of the third 
is recorded from Quincy, Illinois, and may yet be found in the 
western part of Indiana. 

The only papers treating of the North American species of the 
family are as follows: 

LeConte— "The Gyrinidae of America North of Mexico," in 

Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 365. 
Roberts, C. H. — "The Species of Dineutes of America North of 

Mexico," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXII, 1895, 279. 

KEY TO GENEEA OF G YRINID JE. 

a. Last ventral segment depressed, rounded at tip. 

1). Scutellum distinct ; length less than 8 mm. I. Gyrintjs. 

hh. Scutellum invisible; labruin transverse; length or more mm. 

II. Dineutes. 



238 



FAMILY V. GYRINIDiE. 




oa. Last ventral elongate, conical; labrurn prominent; scutellum invisible; 
length 6 mm. Gybetes. 

I. Gyrinus Linn. 1733. (Gr., "a circle or ring.") 

Our members of this genus are smaller, more 
narrow and more convex than those of the next. 
They have eleven rows of distinct punctures on 
each elytron which, when held in a certain light, 
usually reflect a golden tint; the legs are always 
recldish-brown or yellowish in hue. (Fig. 121.) 
On account of the close resemblance between the 
species, their definition and recognition is quite 

Fig. 1 121. \ beetle; 2, larva. difficnlt - Tlle following have been taken or per- 
(After Packard.) haps occur in Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GYRINUS. 

a. Scutellum finely but distinctly carinate. 463. minutus. 

aa. Scutellum flat. 

b. Under side margin of thorax and epipleura brownish-yellow. 
c. Under surface uniform brown or brownish-yellow. 
(I. Larger, 6-7 mm. 

e. Polished black, not bronzed or iridescent. 464. fraternus. 
ee. Black, very highly iridescent, margins and sides bronzed. 

f. Tips of elytra rounded ; form broader. 465. ventealis. 
//• Ti PS of elytra truncate ; form more narrow. aquiris. 
dd. Smaller, 4.5-5.5 mm. 

g. Form more elongate; tips of elytra rounded, covering only half 
of last ventral segment. 
h. Margins, sides and suture of elytra distinctly bronzed. 

466. .ZENEOLUS. 

lili. Elytra not at all bronzed. 467. dichrous. 

gg. Form short, broad; tips of elytra nearly truncate, almost or 
wholly covering the last ventral segment. 468. limbatus. 
gg. Under surface black or piceous, bronzed; last ventral segment red- 
dish-brown. 

i. Upper surface finely alutaceous ; length 7-8 mm. 469. affinis. 

ii. Upper surface not alutaceous ; length 5.5 mm. 470. piceolus. 
1)1). Under side margin of thorax and epipleura metallic black. 

j. Front margin of mesosternum regular in form. 
k. Elytra highly polished, distinctly bronzed. 

I. Smaller and more narrow, 5-6 mm.; outer rows of elytral 
punctures but little stronger than inner. 471. analis. 

II. Longer and broader, 7 mm. ; outer rows of elytral punctures 
distinctly impressed. 472. borealis. 

klc. Elytra black, scarcely polished and not at all bronzed. 

473. LUGENS. 

jj. Front margin of mesosternum trilobed, with an oblique impression 
each side; under surface black; length 5-6 mm. pectoralis. 



TILE WTIIBLIGIG BEETLES. 



239 



463 (1505). Gyeinus minutus Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 276. 
Elongate-oval. Above blue-black; sides and margins of elytra bronzed; 

beneatb brownisb-yellow, abdomen black, last ventral segment piceous. Me- 
dian line of tborax and scutellum with a fine carina ; mesosternum with a 
deep median furrow. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Woodland pond near Broad Ripple, Marion County ; scarce. 
May 15. Readily known by the carinate scutellum and bicolored 
under surface. 

464 (1508).. Gyeinus fraternits Coup., Can. Nat., 2nd Ser., II, 60. 
Elongate-oval, rather robust. Above bluish-black, polished, not bronzed ; 

under surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Tips of elytra broadly rounded. 
Length 6 mm. 

Pine, Lake County and Hudson Lake, Laporte County; scarce. 
May 20-August 20. Known by the more robust form and entire ab- 
sence of bronzed lustre. 

465 (1513). Gyrinus ventralis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer.. IV, 1837, SO. 
Oval. Above black, very highly polished, iridescent ; 

margins, sides and suture of elytra bronzed ; beneath red- 
dish-brown, sides and tip of abdomen a little paler. Length 
0.5-7 mm. (Fig. 122.) 

Northern half of State; common. March 11- 
September 19. A handsome species, easily known 
by its larger size and more brilliant iridescent sur- 
face. 

G. aquiris Lec. ? 6.5 mm. in length, is recorded 
from the Middle States and Lake Superior. 

466 (1509). Gyrinus ^eneolus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1868, 368. 
Elongate-oval. Above uniformly black-bronzed, very shining; beneath 

dark reddish-brown, the last two ventral segments paler. Elytral punc- 
tures in both this and limbatus larger and more distinct than in dichrous. 
Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Low meadow ponds near Bass Lake, Starke County, and Hunt- 
ingburg, Dubois County; scarce. April 8-May 9. 

467 (1511). Gyrinus dichrous Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 186S, 368. 
Resembles the next but wholly without bronzed lustre. Punctures of 

elytral stride smaller, more crowded. Length 4.5 mm. 

Lake Maxinkuckee ; scarce. August 17. 

468 (1510). Gyrinus limbatus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823, 109 ; 

ibid. II. 520. 

Short, broad, but little attenuate behind. Above black, shining, dis- 
tinctly bronzed, especially so on margins and suture of elytra and front 
margin of thorax; beneath reddish-brown, the middle segments of abdo- 

[16—23402] 




240 



FAMILY Y— GYBIKIM. 



men darker. Elytra broad, tapering but little behind, tips subtruneate. 
outer angle rounded; covering the entire abdomen (male) or leaving only 
the tips exposed (female). Length 3.S-4.2 mm. 

Taken only along the borders of Wawasee and Hudson lakes, 
where it was found in very large colonies. July 15-July 18. 

469 (1519). Gyrinus affinis Aube, Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 669. 
Elongate-oval. Black, moderately shining; upper surface minutely alu- 

taceous, margins bronzed ; beneath dusky bronzed, the last ventral seg- 
ment reddish-brown. Elytra with tips more concave than usual, their' 
punctures fine, close-set. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Putnam County; scarce. July 4. 

470 ( ). Gyrinus piceolvs sp. nov. 

Oval, moderately convex. Black, polished, the suture and side mar- 
gins of elytra bronzed; under surface black, the last ventral paler; epi- 
pleura and legs reddish-brown. Elytra 1 punctures well marked, the outer 
two rows coarser. Length 5.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 5. 

471 (1521). Gyrinus analis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823. 108; 

ibid. II, 520. 

Elongate-oval. Black, bronzed both above and beneath ; upper surface 
not highly polished; beneath black, legs and last ventral segment reddish- 
brown. Elytra with tips broadly but obtusely rounded. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. April 11-October 23. 

472 (1527). Gyeinus borealis Aube, Spec. Gen.. VI. 1838, 692. 

Broadly oval. Above black, highly polished, margins and sides of ely- 
tra bronzed; beneath black, the last ventral segment dark brown. Punc- 
tures of elytra 1 stria? fine, rather close. Length 7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, April 2 3- August 15. Re- 
sembles ventralis hut broader and with under surface black. 

473 (1528). Gyrinus lugens Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. 1S68, 369. 
Broadly oval. Resembles borealis, but above black, slightly polished. 

not at all bronzed; beneath black, the last ventral segment dark brown. 
Elytra with tips more rounded and with outer angles less distinct; punc- 
tures finer, more distant one from another. Length 6 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties : scarce. May 20-July 15. 

G. pectoralis Lee. is a boreal species which may occur in north- 
ern Indiana. 

II. Dineutes McL. 1819. (Gr.. ' k to whirl or swim in an eddy.") 

The species of this genus are all of fair size, more or less oval 
and subdepressed. They have the upper surface usually shining, 



THE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES. 



241. 



bronzed and finely reticulate; labrum rounded in front and ciliate ; 
scutellum invisible; elytra with nine slightly impressed striae which 
are sometimes very indistinct. Front tarsi of males moderately 
dilated and densely clothed beneath with papilla?, forming; an elon- 
gate, narrow brush. Four species are known from Indiana, while 
another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DINEUTES. 

a. Sides of thorax and elytra with a bronzed submarginal stripe; length 
12-15.5 mm. vi'ttatus. 
aa. Sides without submarginal stripe; length not over 11 mm. 

1). Under surface uniform brownish-yellow. 474. discolor. 

1)1). Under surface black or bronzed. 

c. Sutural angles of elytra rounded in both sexes; femora of male 
toothed. 475 emarginatus. 

cc. Sutural angles distinct in female ; femora of male not toothed. 
cl Sutural angles of both sexes produced . backward ; tips of female 
elytra feebly separated. 476. assimilis. 

dd. Sutural angles of elytra of male rounded ; those of female pro- 
duced backward with the tips strongly separated. 

477. HORNII. 

B. villains Aube has a range which probably includes southern 
Indiana, but it has not yet been taken in the State. 

474 (1534). Dineutes discolor Aube, Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 784. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex, narrowed in front. Above black- 
bronzed, shining; under surface brownish-yellow to straw color. Elytra 
with side margins at outer apical angle and tips slightly sinuate, * the 
sutural angles weakly produced ; femora of male with a triangular tooth. 
Length 11.5-13 mm. 

Steuben, Kosciusko, Putnam and Martin counties; very "common 
in East Fork of White River. June 26-September 3. Easily 
known by the narrower front half of body and pale under surface. 

475 (1538). Dineutes emarginatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, II, 1823 

108 ; ibid. II, 519. 

Rather broadly oval, moderately convex. Above black or blackish- 
bronzed, not very shining; beneath black, very shining, slightly bronzed; 
middle and hind legs, narrow margin and tip of abdomen, paler. Side 
margins of elytra in male, not in female, slightly sinuate near tips ; sutural 
angles broadly rounded. Length 10-11 mm. 

Pond near University farm, east of Mitchell, Lawrence County: 
scarce. August 7. Probably throughout the southern half of 
State. 



242 



SERIES II. — CLAVICOKNIA. 



476 (1530). Dineutes assimilis Aube, Spec. Gen., VI. 1838, 778. 
Oblong-oval, distinctly convex. Above black, strongly 

bronzed ; beneath black, very shining ; abdominal segments 
often tinged with brown ; legs brownish-yellow. Elytra of 
male feebly sinuate near tips, the latter but slightly sepa- 
rated at suture, the angles but little produced backwards; 
those of female more strongly sinuate both on side margins 
and near tips, the latter more widely separated at suture, 
the angles distinctly produced backwards. Length 10-11.5 
mm. ( Fig. 123.) 

Fig. 123. x2|. Throughout the State; common. May ^-Septem- 
ber 19. This is the species usually known as the 
' ' apple-bug, ' 5 on account of the odor exhaled from the milky fluid 
exuded from anal segment. 

477 ( ) . Dineutes hornii Roberts, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXII, 1895, 

2S4. 

Closely resembles assimilis but usually smaller, more obovate. Distin- 
guished by the elytra of males having the sutural angles rounded, those of 
female more widely separated at apex. Length 9.5-11 mm. 

Lakes of northern Indiana ; common. May 6-August 20. 

Gyretes sinuatus Lee. elongate-oval, dark bronzed, very shin- 
ing, sides of thorax and elytra densely punctured and pubescent, 
has been taken at Quincy. Illinois. 

Series II. CLAVICORNIA. 

This is a large and unwieldly group of families having few char 
acters in common, except that the antennas are enlarged to form a 
more or less distinct club toward the tip. It is here that the tarsal 
system has its feeblest value, as every possible variation exists from 
the 5- jointed to the l-jointed. In the tables which follow certain 
families (whose numbers are given in parenthesis), and other sub- 
divisions* (whose names are given in italics), rightfully for the 
most part belong to the Serricornia. but their antennas are often so 
obviously clavate as to lead the student amiss. Those which there 
belong are also included in the Serricornia table, where their aber- 
rant character becomes at once apparent. In order to shorten and 
simplify the key to families of Clavicornia the Series is first divided 
into four groups or Subseries. and these in turn into families. 

KEY TO SUBSERIES OF INDIANA FAMILIES OF CLAVICORNIA. 

a. Elytra short, leaving the greater part of the abdomen exposed above; 
wings usually present, and when not in use folded beneath the short 
elytra; dorsal part of the abdomen entirely horn-like in texture; tar- 
sal joints varying in number. 

Subseries A. Brachelytra Clavicornia, p. 243. 

* The number of the family to which these subdivisions belong is also included in parenthesis. / 




KEYS TO FAMILIES OE CLAVICOKXIA. 



243 



aa. Elytra usually long, covering the greater part of the abdomen ; when 
short the wings wanting or, it' present, not folded under the short 
elytra when at rest; dorsal part of the abdominal segments partly 
membranous. 

b. Tarsal joints on at least one pair of tarsi, five in number. 

Subseries B. Pentamera Clavicoknia, p. 243. 
bb. Tarsal joints on all the tarsi less than five in number. 

c. Tarsi four-jointed (front ones three-jointed in the males of some 
Mycetophagida?) . 

Subseries C. Tetramera Clavicoknia, p. 246. 
cc. All the tarsi three-jointed. 

Subseries D. Trimera Clavicornia, p. 247. 

Subseries A. BRACII ELYTRA CLAVICORNIA. 

This group or subseries comprises but two families, whose mem- 
bers subsist for the most part upon decaying animal or vegetable 
matter, or occur beneath stones, in rotten wood or in the nests of 
ants. 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF BRACHELYTRA CLAVICORNIA. 

(/. Abdomen not flexible; ventral segments 5 or 6; form short, robust; max- 
illary palpi usually greatly developed and variable in form ; tarsi 
with not more than three joints ; length less than 3.5 mm. 

Family X. Pselaphid^, p. 305. 
aa. Abdomen flexible or capable of being curled upward ; seven or eight 
segments visible from below ; form usually narrowed and elongated. 

Family XI. Staphylinid.e. p. 334. 

Subseries B. PEXTAMERA CLAYICORXIA. 

This group is composed, for the most part, of land and water 
scavenger beetles whose office it is to hasten the decomposition and 
removal of dead organic matter. They occur upon dead animals, 
under the bark of dead trees and on decaying fungi, fruit, etc. Of 
them Le Baron has written : ' ' The only other insects which can 
be compared with these in usefulness as scavengers, is the extensive 
family of Muscida?. in the two-winged flies. It is interesting to ob- 
serve the order in which these various tribes of scavenger insects 
perform their respective parts. First come the Aiuscidte, which, in 
the form of carrion flies, deposit their eggs or fly-blows upon dead 
animal matter at the first moment of decay, and. in very hot v T eather 
almost immediately after life has ceased. Soon after these come 
the carrion beetles, the Silphae and Neerophori, whose larvae, like 
the maggots of the fiesh flies, are seen reveling in the putrescent 
matter at the most offensive stage of decomposition. When the 
softer parts have been devoured and only the osseous and liga- 



244 



SERIES II. CLAVICORNIA. 



mentary portions remain, other families of scavengers succeed, 
namely, the skin-beetles. DermestioV. and the bone-beetles, Necrobii 
and Nitidulse, which adhere to the dried carcass as long as any 
vestige of animal matter remains. ' ' 

The following families of this subseries are represented in In- 
diana : 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF PENTAMEKA CLAVICORNIA. 

a. Ventral segments all free and movable. 
&. Mentnm large, the palpi distant at base. 

c. Eyes present ; habits aquatic or subaquatic ; mentnm quadrate, its 

hind angles not prolonged ; antennas short, or less than eleven- 
jointed ; maxillary palpi as long as or longer than the antennas. 

Family VI. Hydrophilid.f. p. 247. 
cc. Eyes wanting; habits terrestrial; mentum transverse, its hind an- 
gles prolonged; antennas rather long, eleven -jointed, its outer 
joints but slightly thicker. Family VII. Leptindlf. p. 271. 

blj. Mentum moderate or small, the palpi close together at base. 

d. Front coxae conical. 

e. Front coxae transversely prolonged at middle, but slightly promi- 
nent ; thorax (in our species) serrate at margin; abdomen with 
five visible segments, the first not elongated; antennas with the 
last three joints somewhat but not suddenly enlarged; length 
less than 3.5 mm. Family XXX. Derodonthlf, p. 670. 

ee. Front eoxas large, prominent, not transversely prolonged at mid- 
dle. 

/. Hind coxae more or less conical and prominent. 
g. Eyes finely granulated, sometimes absent; hind coxae usually 
contiguous; antennas usually with a compact club, but 
oftentimes nearly filiform (burying and carrion beetles). 

Family VIII. Silphid.e, p. 272. 
gg. Eyes coarsely granulated ; hind coxas separated; length less 
than 3 mm. Family IX. Scydvfenid.e. p. 291. 

ff. Hind coxas not prominent. 

li. Antennas long, slender, sometimes hair-like; elytra shorter 
than abdomen, the latter thick, conical, and pointed, its 
last ventral elongate ; tarsi long and slender ; length less 
than 5 mm. Family XIII. Scaphidiid.e. p. 490. 

lilt. Antennas moderate in length, capitate; hind coxas grooved 
for the reception of the thighs in repose; body usually 
scaly or pubescent ; elytra entire ; length less than 10 mm. 

Family XXIV. Dermestiike. p. 587. 
fid, Front coxas not conical, not prominent. 
L Front coxas rounded or oval. 
j. Hind coxas not grooved to receive the thighs. 
7c. Hind coxas contiguous ; body very compact and convex, ely- 
tra entirely covering it; antennas with a three-jointed club; 
lengih less than 3 mm. 

Family XIV. Phalackid.f. p. 497. 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF OLAVICORNI A. 



245 



kk. Hind coxae separated. 

I. First ventral segment elongated; form elongate, slender; 
antenna 1 club two-jointed. 

Subfamily (XLTV). Lyctince, p. 891. 
U. All the ventral segments subequal. 
m. Middle coxal cavities not closed on the outer side by the 
meeting of the meso- and metasterna ; form very de- 
pressed ; antennae sometimes clubbed but more often 
with the outer joints scarcely thickened. 

Family XXI. Cucujid^;, p. 560. 
mm. Middle coxal cavities closed by the sterna ; presternum 
prolonged, meeting the mesosternum. 
hi Front coxal cavities open behind ; antennas with their 
terminal joints distinctly enlarged ; surface pubes- 
cent and densely punctate; form oval or elongate- 
oval ; length less than 4 mm. 

Family XXII. Ceyptophagid^;, p. 569. 
mi. Front coxal cavities closed behind; all the tarsi dis- 
tinctly five- jointed. 

Group (XVIII). Dacnes. p. 544. 
jj. Hind coxal plates grooved to receive the thighs ; prosternum 
prolonged behind and fitting into a notch of mesosternum ; 
antennas with a three-jointed club ; length less than 5 mm. 

Genus (XXXVIII). Throscus, p. 775. 

ii. Front coxte transverse. 

o. Hind coxae flat, not grooved. 
/). Antennae straight. 

q. Tarsi more or less dilated, first joint not short, the fourth 
smaller than any of the others ; antennae with a three- 
jointed club ; elytra usually shorter than the abdomen, 
the latter with five segments visible beneath ; color rare- 
ly wholly black. FamilyXXVI. Xitidllid.e. p. 628. 
qq. Tarsi slender, the first joint short. 

/■. All the tarsi with five joints, the first or basal joint very 
short; form elongate, usually depressed; length 5 or 
more mm. 

Family XXVIII. Trogositid^. p. 661. 
rr. All the tarsi with joints 1 to 4 short ; hind tarsi with 
but four joints ; form convex ; length less than 3 mm. 

Family (XLVIII). Sphindid.e, p. 901. 
pp. Antennae elbowed and with a short compact club; tibias 
usually all dilated; elytra usually truncate and shorter 
than abdomen; form short, compact; black, rarely bi- 
colored. Family XXV. Histeriuje, p. 59S. 

oo. Hind coxae grooved to receive the thighs in repose; body 
rounded or oval, convex ; legs retractile. 

Family XXXI. Byrrtiid.e, p. 671. 
an. Ventral segments 1 to 3 firmly united (not movable), the others free 
and movable; all the tarsi five-jointed. 



246 



SERIES II. — CLAV1C0RNIA. 



s.,Last joint of tarsi, long, claws large; head retractile, the mouth pro- 
tected by the prosternum ; aquatic or subaquatic species. 

Family XXXIII. Parnhle, p. 675. 
ss. Last joint of* tarsi moderate, claws normal; thorax (in our species) 
with deep grooves ; mouth parts covered by a large mentum. 

Family XX. Rhyssodid^e, p. 558. 

Subseries C. TKTRAMERA CLAY WORM A. 

In this group (with the exception mentioned in key to subseries) , 
the tarsi are four-jointed. The species live, for the most part, in 
fungi, especially those growing on dead trees and logs; some are 
subaquatic, living in mud or sand along the margin of water. 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA. 

a. Ventral segments all free and movable. 

b. Wings fringed with hairs ; very small, less than 2 mm. 

c. Hind coxae contiguous, with plates covering the thighs ; antenme 

nine-jointed, club two-jointed. 

Tribe '(VIII). Clambini, p. 291. 
cc. Hind coxae separate, without plates ; tarsi apparently three-jointed, 
the basal joint concealed by the notched second joint ; mandibles 
with comb-like teeth. Family XV. Corylophtd.f:, p. 501. 

bb. Wings not fringed with hairs. 

d. Front coxse transverse ; body contractile ; length less than 2 mm. 

Tribe (XXVI). Cybocephalini, p. G47. 

dd. Front coxse not transverse. 
e. Front coxse globose. 

f. Tarsi slender ; length less than 4 mm. 

Subfamily (XVII). Mycetwince, p. 534. 
11. Tarsi more or less dilated and spongy beneath, the fourth joint 
united with the fifth, so that only four are visible ; antennae 
strongly clubbed. Family XVIII. Erotylid.e, p. 530. 

ee. Front coxse oval. 

g. Front coxse well separated by the horn-like prosternum. 

h. Form oval, depressed; head free; surface finely and densely 
punctured and hairy; length less than 6 mm. 

Family XXIII. Mycetophagid,e, p. 582. 
hh. Form cylindrical ; thorax prolonged over the head ; length 
less than 3.5 mm. Family (XLVII). Cioid.f], p. 895. 

gg. Front coxse almost contiguous ; prosternum semimembranous ; 
form small, rounded, convex; habits subaquatic ; length less 
than 1 mm. Family XXXII. Georyssid^e, p. 675. 

aa. Ventral segments 1-4 firmly united, the fifth only being movable. 

i. Antennae of regular form ; tibise not dilated, not fitted for digging ; 

front and middle coxae small, globose ; length less than 6 mm. 

Family XIX. Colydiid^, p. 549. 

ii. Antennae short, the outer seven joints broad and short ; tibise dilated, 

armed with rows of spines and fitted for digging ; labrum and 
mandibles projecting forward ; length less than 7 mm. 

Family XXXIV. Heterocerid/E, p. 082. 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



247 



Subseries D. T RIMER A CLAVICORNIA. 

The members of this group have the tarsi all 3-jointed and the 
ventral segments free. They live either in fungi or feed upon plant 
Kce. The following families of the subseries are represented in the 
State : 

KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF TRIM ERA CLAVICORNIA. 

a. Wings fringed with long hairs ; abdomen not prolonged and with 6 or 7 
ventral segments ; antennae with the basal and apical joints thicker 
than the middle ones, the latter with whorls of long hairs ; length 
less than 2 mm. Family XII. Trtc h opteb ygidje , p. 485. 

aa. Wings not fringed. 

b. Tarsi with second joint dilated; third joint consisting really of two 
joints, the small true third joint being inserted at the base of the 
last joint. 

c. Tarsal claws dilated or toothed at base ; first ventral segment with 

coxal lines ; form* usually rounded and convex ; head nearly con- 
cealed by the thorax ; last joint of maxillary palpi usually 
hatchet-shaped; length less than S.5 mm. 

Family XVI. Coccinellid.e, p. 50G. 
cc. Tarsal claws simple; first ventral without coxal lines; form oblong 
or oval, rarely globose; last joint of maxillary palpi oval or tri- 
angular ; length less than 6.5 mm. 

Family XVII. Endomychule, p. 533. 
l)l>. Tarsi with second joint not dilated and without a pseudo fourth 
joint. 

d. Elytra entire; ventral segments nearly equal; front coxal cavities 

rounded, not prolonged on the outer side ; length less than 3 mm. 

Family XXVII. Lathridiid/E, p. 651. 
dd. Elytra truncate behind, leaving the pygidium exposed ; ventral seg- 
ments 1 and 5 longer than the others ; front coxaa small, rounded ; 
length less than 3 mm. Family XXIX. Monotomid^, p. 666. 

Family VI. HYDROPHILID^E. 

The "Water Scavenger Beetles. 

This family comprises, for the most part, oval or elliptical black- 
ish beetles, differing from the Dytiscidae in being more convex, in 
having the antennae ending in a distinct club instead of being fili- 
form, and in possessing palpi which are usually longer than the an- 
tennae and are projected forward while swimming, while the an- 
tennae are usually concealed beneath the head. By the inexperi- 
enced student the palpi are, therefore, often mistaken for the an- 
tennae. 

The name of the family is derived from the genus Hydrophilus, 
a word of Greek origin meaning ' ' a lover of water. ' ' As the name 



218 



FAMILY VI. — HYDRO PHILIDJE. 



implies, they are usually found in ponds and streams, but are less 
active swimmers than the majority of the diving beetles. In swim- 
ming- they move the hind legs alternately, while the Dytiscidae strike 
with them both together, like a frog. Several genera are, however, 
terrestrial in habit, living in moist earth and in the dung of cattle, 
where they are said to feed upon the larvae of dipterous insects. 

The principal characters of the Hydrophilidae, briefly stated, 
are as follows : eyes large ; mentum large, quadrate ; antennae with 
from six to nine joints, the outer ones forming an abrupt club, of 
which all the joints except the first are pubescent ; inserted under 
the sides of the front behind the base of the mandibles. Thorax 
with episterna and epimera not distinct, the prosternum very short, 
Seutellum always present, Metasternum large, frequently carinate 
and produced into a long spine behind. Hind coxa? oblique, flat, 
extending to sides of abdomen, the latter with five visible segments. 
Tarsi 5-jointed, the first joint often very small, the middle and hind 
ones sometimes compressed and fringed for swimming. 

As their common name denotes, the water scavenger beetles are 
supposed to live upon decomposing aquatic vegetation, but the 
larvae are carnivorous and often catch and eat living insects and 
water snails. These larva? resemble somewhat those of the diving 
beetles, but the body is more plump and the mandibles shorter and 
usually toothed. The eggs of the larger species are encased by the 
female in a waterproof receptacle, formed of a silk-like secretion. 
These egg-cases, which sometimes contain 100 or more eggs, are 
either fastened on the under side of leaves of water plants, or are 
allowed to float free. In a few instances the cases are carried about 
by the mother on the under side of her body until the young hatch. 
The pupal stage is undergone on land, in an underground cell or in 
a cavity scooped out beneath some object close to the water's edge. 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
of the family is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Hydrophilidae of the United 
States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1855, 356-375. 

Horn — "Revision of the Genera and Species of the Tribe Hy- 
drobiini," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XIII, 1873, 118-137. 

Horn. — "Synoptic Tables of some Genera of Coleoptera, " in 
Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, V. 1876, 251. 

Horn. — "Notes on the Species of Oehthebius of Boreal Amer- 
ica," in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XVII, 1890. 17-26. 



THE W ATE IT SCAVENGER BEETLES. 
» 



249 



Horn. — "Notes on some Hyclrobiini of Boreal America," loo. 
tit, 237-278. 

Born. — "A Revision of the Sphreridiini Inhabiting Boreal Amer- 
ica," loc. tit., 279-314. 

Wickham. — "The Hydrophilidag of Ontario and Quebec," in 
Can. Ent, XXVII, 1895, 181, 213. 

About 170 species of Hydrophilid* are known from the United 
States. These are distributed among four tribes, all of which are 
represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF HYDROPHILID^E. 

a. Thorax narrower than elytra, usually narrowed behind ; form elongate ; 
sculpture usually rough ; length less than 6 mm. 

Tribe I. Helophorini, p. 249. 
aa. Thorax at base as wide as elytra, narrowed in front ; form usually con- 
vex, oval or elliptical ; sculpture usually weak. 
J). Middle and hind tarsi with first joint short. 

c. Metasternum prolonged into a distinct spine; tarsi compressed. 

Tribe II. Hydrophilini, p. 254. 
cc. Metasternum not prolonged ; tarsi not compressed. 

Tribe III. Hydrobiini, p. 257. 
1)1). Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint elongated; length less than 
3.5 mm. (except in Sphwriclium) . 

Tribe TV. Sph.ertdiini, p. 265. 

Tribe I. HELOPHORINI. 

Small oblong or elongate aquatic species, gray or brown, more or 
less tinged with bronze in color. They occur in pools, where they 
cling to aquatic plants and may be readily taken by stirring up the 
mud and plants at the bottom, when the beetles will rise to the sur- 
face. They swim but poorly and are unable to dive rapidly. Of 
the five genera into which the tribe has been separated, representa- 
tives of four occur in Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HELOPHORINI. 

a. Elytra with ten striae or rows of punctures; maxillary palpi moderate. 
1). Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the next to last. 

c. Antennas nine- jointed. I. Helophori s. 

cc. Antennae seven-jointed. II. Hydrochus. 

hh. Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the next to last. 

III. Ochthebius. 

aa. Elytra with more than ten rows of punctures ; maxillary palpi very long. 

IV. Hydr.ena. 



250 



FA MILY VI . — HYT)I> OT'lTT LLD^E . 



I. Helophorus Fab. 1776. (Gr,, ' ' tubercle -\- bearing.") 

Thorax rough, with granulate depressions, and marked with five 
longitudinal sulci, of which the intermediate, or those on either side 
of the middle one, are often very sinuous. Five species have been 
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELOPHORUS. 

a. Elytra without tubercles or alternate elevated lines. 

1). Larger, 5-7 mm. ; head and thorax shining, sparsely punctate ; inter- 
mediate sulcus but slightly undulate. oelongus. 
l)l>. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm. 

c. Thorax with hind angles obtuse, not narrowed at base ; color pic- 
eous-brown. 

d. Thorax with sides feebly rounded in front, nearly straight be- 

hind ; intermediate sulci strongly sinuate. 478. lacustris. 
(hi. Thorax with sides regularly rounded; intermediate sulci nearly 
straight. 479. nitidulus. 

cc. Thorax with hind angles rectangular. 

e. Thorax slightly narrowed at base, its sides subsinuate; color 

light brownish-yellow with indistinct fuscous markings. 

480. LINEATUS. 

ee. Thorax not narrowed at base, sides nearly straight. 

481. LINEARIS. 

aa. Elytra with tubercles on the third, fifth and seventh intervals. 

4S2. TUBERCULATUS. 

H. oblongus Lec. was, like lacustris and jniticlulus, described 
from Lake Superior, and like them may occur in northern Indiana. 

478 (1543). Helophorus lacustris Lec, Agass. Lake Sup., 1S50, 217. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, slightly bronzed ; head and thorax 
tinged with greenish; legs reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than 
long, covered with rounded flattened granules ; sulci narrow, deep, the in- 
termediate ones strongly sinuate. Punctured striae of elytra deep. Length 
4-4.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties ; scarce. May 12- August 26. 

479 (1545). Helophorus nitidulus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 357. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, shining, distinctly bronzed; legs 
pale, the femora darker. Thorax one-half wider than long, the sulci broader 
and more shallow than in lacustris, the intermediate ones but slightly sinu- 
ous. Intervals of elytra more narrow, the striae deep. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake County, near Osborn and Pine; rare. April 21-May 25. 



Til R \Y \ TIC ft SCA VKN(S RH R R RTL'fiS. 



251 



480 (1550). Helophorus lineatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 

200; ibid. II, 128. 

Elongate-oblong. Above light brown with a greenish 
tinge ; elytra often with fuscous markings, of which an 
inverted V on suture behind middle and two spots each 
side are most obvious ; antennae and legs pale. Inter- 
mediate sulci of thorax, deep, narrow, very strongly 
curved or subangulate near middle. Elytral striae with 
deep, dilated transverse punctures. Length 2.8-3.5 mm. 
(Fig. 124.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 11-Oc- 

tober 17. (Original.) 

481 (1546). Helophorus linearis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 

357. 

Elongate, slender. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax tinged with 
greenish ; elytra clouded with fuscous. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
granulate ; intermediate sulci feebly sinuate. Length 3 mm. 

Millers, Lake County; rare. May 25. Recorded from Buffalo, 
New York, Nebraska and Canada. 

482 (1553). Helophorus tuberculatus Gyll., Ins. Suec, 1827. 
Elongate, convex. Dull black, tinged with greenish. Third elytral in- 
terval with four elevations, the basal one oblong; fifth and seventh each 
with three. Length 3.5 mm. 

Beneath rubbish close to water on beach of Lake Michigan, near 
Pine and Millers, Lake County ; scarce. April 23-June 24. 

II. Hydrochus Leach. 1817. (Gr., "relating to water.") 

Thorax much narrower than elytra, its breadth being equal to or 
only slightly exceeding the length; disk usually marked with small 
cups or foveas. The following species have been taken or may oc- 
cur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROCHUS. 

a. Larger, 5.5 mm. ; elytra with intervals flat and much wider than stria?, 
the fourth with large oblique tubercles. scabratus. 
aa. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.; intervals convex. 

b. Thorax with five more or less distinct fovea? or cup-shaped impres- 
sions. 

c. Stria? of elytra as wide as or wider than intervals ; thorax with 
granules between the punctures. 
(I. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base, not crenulatc; 
length 3.8-4 mm. 4S3. squamifer. 

(Id. Sides of thorax finely crenujate. 

e. Smaller, not over 3 mm. ; sides of thorax snbsinuate. 

484. INJEQUAL.1S. 




252 



FAMILY VI. — HYDBOPHILIM. 



ee. Larger, 3.5-3.8 mm. ; sides of thorax not sinuate. 

485. EXCAVATUS, 

cc. Intervals of elytra wider than stria?; thorax without granules be- 
tween the punctures. 486. subcupeeus. 
1)1). Thorax without distinct fovea?, its surface densely and finely granu- 

^ a ^ e - 487. GBANULATUS. 

H. scabratus Mills, is recorded from New York to Iowa and 
southward. 

483 (1562). Hydbochus squamifeb Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 
1855, 359. 

Elongate. Above grayish-bronzed or cupreous; head 
and thorax tinged with greenish and darker than elytra ; 
beneath dull reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Thorax 
scarcely wider than long, sides sinuate; disk coarsely and 
rather closely punctate, the intervals with flattened gran- 
ules. Elytra deeply striate ; third interval a little higher 
than second, fourth elevated from the middle half way 
to apex, fifth elevated like the third but interrupted op- 
posite the elevation of fourth. Length 3.7 mm. (Fig. 
125.) 

Fig. 125. x 9. hake and Marion counties ; scarce. Mav 25- Au- 

(Origmal.) g . nst 2a 

4S4 (155S). Hydbochus in2equalis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 
359. 

Elongate. Above dark reddisk-brown, slightly bronzed; legs paler. 
Thorax roughly and densely punctate, slightly longer than wide; dorsal 
foveas very distinct. Elytra deeply striate, the fifth, seventh and ninth 
intervals elevated and interrupted behind the middle, giving the appear- 
ance of a transverse impression; fourth elevation opposite break in third. 
Length 3 mm. 

Lawrence County, from pond near University farm; scarce. 
August 7. A species of southern range. 

485 (1559). Hydbochus excavatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 360. 

Elongate. Blackish-bronzed; legs reddish-brown. Thorax about as 
wide as long, the foveas distinct, the basal ones smaller. Elytral intervals 
narrow, the fourth, fifth and seventh elevated, the fifth interrupted. Length 
3.5-3.9 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 25. 

486 (1560). Hydbochus subcupeeus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, II. 

1838, 40. 

Elongate, rather slender. Brown, with a distinct brassy tinge ; beneath 
piceous ; legs reddish-brown, knees darker. Thorax subquadrate, not wider 
than long ; disk with foveas less distinct than in excavatus; coarsely, deeply, 
not densely punctate. Elytra with intervals convex, distinctly wider than 




THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



253 



stria?, fifth slightly elevated and interrupted behind the middle ; fourth ele- 
vated opposite the break in fifth; the others almost uniform. Length 
3.5 mm. 

Starke County ; rare. August 20. 

487 ( ). Hydrochus granulatus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Above piceous with a greenish or olivaceous tinge ; 
beneath piceous. legs dark reddish- or fuscous brown. Thorax a little 
longer than wide, sides almost straight; surface, as well as that of head, 
finely and very densely granulate-punctate, the fovea? very faint. Elytral 
stria? wider than intervals, the latter very narrow, the fourth interrupted 
behind the middle, fifth almost wholly wanting or not convex. Length 
3.8-4 mm. 

Lake County; rare. April 29. An unnamed specimen is also 
in the LeConte collection at Cambridge, labelled "Illinois." 

III. Ochthebius Leach. 1817. (Gr., "shore + to live. ") 

Very small brown, black or piceous species having the thorax 
narrowed at base, with a transparent side margin, and the disk with 
impressed lines or fovea?, quite similar to those of Helophorus? but 
interrupted. They occur in or about the edges of small pools and 
woodland ponds ; also on the under side of stones in running water. 
One undescribed species has been taken in the State, while three 
described by LeConte have a range which may include Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OCHTHEBIUS. 

(/. Thorax abruptly sinuately narrowing from in front of middle to base 
and with a distinct angulation at middle of sinuation, all the discal 
impressions well marked. foveicoixis. 
a a. Thorax abruptly sinuate from the middle, or more or less notched near 
the hind angles. 
1). Thorax with well marked discal fovea?. 

c. Form oblong-oval, subdepressed ; elytral punctures obsolete near 
apex. nitidus. 
cc. Form short, broadly oval, strongly convex ; elytral punctures dis- 
tinct to apex. 488. putnamensis. 
l)h. Thorax without discal foveie, coarsely punctate, the lateral fovea? 
deep and broad. cribricollis. 

0. foveicollis Lee, 1.2-2.5 mm., 0. nitidus Lee, 1.8 mm., and 0. 
cribricollis Lee, 2 mm. in length, all piceous-bronzed in hue, may 
occur in northern Indiana. 

488 ( ). Ochthebius putnamensis sp. nor. 

Short oval, strongly convex. Elytra black, shining; head and thorax 
bronzed ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides rounded 
from apex to basal third, thence oblique and feebly sinuate to base; disk 



251 FAMILY VI. — HYDROPHILIDJE. 

finely and sparsely punctate, its sides broadly flattened; median groove 
wide and deep, discal fovea? separated, the hind ones oblique and larger 
than those in front: lateral ones broad, shallow and but slightly curved. 
Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures. Length 1.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris at side 
of hillside spring. Mr. Blanchard. who compared the specimen 
with those at Cambridge, writes that '"the short convex form is 
quite different from any of our named species." 

IV. Hydr.exa Kug. 1794. (Gr.. ' k 'to wash or bathe.") 

Our single member of this genus is smaller than any of those 
belonging to the two preceding genera. The thorax is subquadrate. 
about three-fourths the width of elytra, and the latter are marked 
with more than ten rows of punctures. 

489 (15S2). Hydjr/ena PENNSYLVANIA Ivies., Linn. Entom.. IV, 1846, 16G. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the palpi, 
legs and narrow side margins of thorax dull yellow. Thorax narrower at 
base than apex, side margins sinuate ; disk coarsely and densely punctate 
and with a large impression each side near front angles. Punctures of ely- 
tral striae close, rather coarse, quadrate ; intervals narrow, convex. Length 
1.8-2.2 mm. 

Kosciusko County; scarce. June 21. Sifted from damp, de- 
caying sphagnum moss in tamarack swamp. 

Tribe II. IIYDROPLTILIXI. 

Large or medium-sized beetles of an oval or elliptical convex 
form, olive-black in color, rarely with sides of thorax and elytra 
yellow. Elytra not striate; antenna^ 9-jointed; meso- and meta- 
sterna forming a continuous keel which is prolonged behind into an 
acute spine : middle and hind tarsi strongly compressed, fringed on 
the inner side with long hairs. Three genera occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO GEXERA OF HYDROPHILIXE 

a. Prosternum sulcate ; metasternal spine long. 

lj. Length 25 or more mm. : last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than 
the preceding. Y. Hydrophiles. 

66. Length less than 12 mm. : last joint of maxillary palpi equal to or 
longer than preceding. VI. Tkopisternijs. 

aa. Prosternum carinate; metasternal spine short: length 13-16 mm. 

VII. Hydrocharis. 

V. Hydrophilus Geoff. 1764. (Gr., " water + loving. ") 

This genus includes two very large black beetles, the giants of 
the family as represented in North America. 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



255 



May 25-October 8. Often at- 



490 (1585). Hydrophilus ovAtus Zieg., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 45. 

Less elongate, more convex. Above black with an olive tinge ; beneath 
piceous ; antenna? and tarsi paler. Abdomen pubescent, the last three seg- 
ments narrowly smooth at middle, without yellow spots at sides. Pro- 
sternal prominence, in which front end of sternal spine fits, open in front. 
Length 31-33 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent, 
tracted by electric light. 

491 (15S6). Hydrophilus triangularis 

Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 

Nat. Sci., Ill, 1823, 201 ; 

ibid. II, 128. 
More elongate, less convex. Above of 
same hue as ouatus; beneath darker, 
more shining, the abdominal segments 
with more or less distinct triangular 
yellow spots at sides. First segment pu- 
bescent, the remainder broadly smooth 
at middle. Prosternal prominence closed 
in front. Length 34-37 mm. ( Fig. 126. ) 

Throughout the .State; common. 
March 19- October 27. Sometimes 
attracted by thousands to electric 
lights in Indianapolis and the 
larger cities. Hibernates as imago. 




Fig. 126. b, H. triangularis Say, natural size; 
/, antenna; g, front tarsus of female; h, same of 
male, all magnified; i, side view of sternal spine. 
(After Riley.) 



VI. Tropisternus Sol. 1834. (Gr., "keel + breast.") 

Smooth, shining, oval insects, mostly black above ; very common 
in ponds, lakes and slow-tiowing streams. Nine species, including 
Nos. 1588 to 1595 of the Henshaw "Catalogue," belong to this 
genus, five of which have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TEOPISTEENUS. 

a. Prosternal prominence or groove closed in front ; elytra without yellow 
stripes. 

&. Thorax and elytra narrowly margined with yellow. 

492. NIMBATUS. 

h~b. Thorax and elytra entirely black above. 

c. Front part of sternal crest very finely and indistinctly punctured ; 
elytra with very fine and coarser punctures intermixed. 

493. mixtus. 

cc. Front part of sternal crest distinctly punctured; elytral punctures 
equal in size or nearly so. 
(I. Form elongate-oval; elytral punctures very minute and indis 
tinct. 494. scbljats 

[17—23402] 



256 



FAMILY VI. — HYDRO PHILID.33. 




Fig. 127. X 4. (Original.) 



dd. Form more broadly oval : elytral punctures larger and more dis- 
tinct. 495. GLABER. 

a a. Prosternal groove open in front; elytra with discal yellow stripes. 

496. STRIOLATUS. 

402 ( 1589). Tropisterxus ximbatus Say. Journ. Phil. 
Acad. Xat. Sci.. III. 1S23. 205; ibid. II. 
130. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Olivaceous black, shining; 
clypeus. thorax and elytra margined with pale yellow : 
under surface black or piceous; legs yellow, femora 
black ;it base. Length 8.2-0 mm. (Fig. 127.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 14- 
Octofcet 9. At electric light in June. 

403 (150Ch. Tropisterxus mixttjs Lee. Proc. Phil. 
Acad. Xat. Sci.. VII. 1855. 368. 

Elongate-oval, couvex. Black, more or less bronzed, 
shining : antennae, base of palpi and apical hnlves of femora and tibia? 
brownish-yellow. Elytra with coarser and liner punctures intermingled, 
these visible only under a lens. Length 8.5-0 mm. 

Lake, Laporte, Kosciusko. Putnam and Martin counties; fre- 
quent. May 5-Oetober 25. 

404 (1503). Tropisterxus srBE.EVis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. VII, 

1855. 368. 

Elongate-oval. Black, feebly bronzed: antennae, palpi and legs dull 
yellow, base of femora piceous. Front half of sternal crest flat, finely but 
distinctly punctured. Length 0-10 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 8. 

405 (1591). Tropisterxus glaber Herbst.. Col.. VII, 39S. 

Resembles mist us but usually broader and longer. Punctures of elytra 
very fine and subequal in size. Front part of sternal crest concave and 
very coa rsely punctured. Length 9.5-11 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. .March 16-October 23. Often 
found beneath rubbish along the edges of ponds and lakes. 

496 (1595). TpopisterxTs striolatus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., 
VII, 1855, 368. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Olivaceous black: front of head and sides of 
thorax yellow; elytra eacb with sides and six or more narrow stripes on 
disk yellow; under surface black, prosternum and legs brownish-yellow. 
Sternal crest sulcate throughout its full length. Length 9-10.5 mm. 

A species of southern range, taken only in Vigo and Knox coun- 
ties ; scarce. July 9-Oetober 28. 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



257 



VII. Hydrgcharis Latr. 1825. (fir.. 1 Aniter - delight. ? ') 

The .presternum, instead of being grooved for the reception of 
the front end of the sternal crest, is entire and raised into a sharp 
carina. One species occurs in the State. 

497 (1597). Hydrochabis obtusatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
III, 1S23, 200; ibid. II. 129. 

Male elongate-oval ; female oblong-oval, very obtuse behind. Black, 
shining; under surface dark reddish-brown, pubescent. Elytra each with 
four rows of distinct punctures, the outer row double. Spine of nieta- 
sternum not extending beyond hind coxa?. Length 13-16 mm. 

Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in south- 
ern portion. April 6-September 15. Often taken bereath lags 
and stones close to the edge of water; also at electric light. 

Tribe III. HVDROBIIXL 

Aquatic beetles of small size and of an oval or hemispherical 
form, having the thorax at base always as wide as the base of elytra, 
and the metasternal spine never prolonged back of the hind coxa 1 . 
The tribe is represented in Indiana by nine genera, separated by 
Dr. Horn as follows : 

KEY TO INDIANA GEXEEA OF HYDEOBIIXI. 

a. Last ventral segment emarginate ; antenna? seven-jointed ; elytra with 
ten stria? ; length 2.5-6 mm. VIII. Beeostts. 

aa. Last ventral segment entire. 

&. First and second ventral segments concealed by plates ; length less 
than 2.5 mm. IX. Chjetabtheia. 

Ventral segments not covered. 

c. Antemne eight-jointed ; color mostly pale ; form rounded, convex : 
length 2.5-3 mm. X. Laccobius. 

cc. Antenna? nine-jointed; color usually dark. 

<L Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than third; length 3.5- 
7 mm. 

e. Tarsi five-jointed on all the feet. 

f. Mesosternum with a longitudinal lamina or plate : second 

joint of maxillary palpi curved, with the convexity to the 
front; elytral punctures confused. XL Philhydeus. 
ff. Mesosternum with only a slight median tuberosity ; con- 
vexity of the curved second joint of maxillary palpi turned 
to the back ; elytral punctures in rows. 

XII. Helochaees. 
ee. Tarsi four-jointed on the middle and hind feet. 

g. Mesosternum with a feeble transverse carina ; tarsal claws 

simple; elytra not striate. XIII. Cyvtbiodyta 



258 



FAMILY VI. — HYDROPHILIByE. 



gg. Meso sternum with a compressed conical process ; tarsal claws 
broadly toothed at base in male, less so in female; elytra 
striate. XIV. Helocombus. 

dd. Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the third. 

h. Elytra either with stria? or with punctures arranged in rows ; 
larger species, more than 5 mm. XV. Hydrobius. 

hit. Elytra with confused punctuation; smaller species, less than 
4 mm. XVI. Creniphilus. 

VIII. Berosus Leach. 1817. (Gr., a proper name.) 

This genus is composed of convex, elongate beetles, usually pale 
in color with darker spots on thorax and elytra. They may be 
known also by the 7- jointed antennas, elongate scutellum and the 
hind pair of tibiae and tarsi pilose. Three species are known from 
Indiana., while two others probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BEROSUS. 

a. Elytra with two spines at apex; fifth abdominal segment truncate at 
middle. pugnax. 
aa. Elytra without spines at apex. 

1). Filth segment of abdomen with one tooth at middle of notch. 
c. Abdomen of male with segments 2, 3 and 4 slightly carinate. 

d. Elytra with well defined black spots. 498. pantherinus. 

del. Elytra with spots indistinct. . 499. peregrinus. 

gg. Abdomen of male not carinate ; both head and abdomen dull yel- 
low. EXIGUUS. 
hh. Fifth segment of abdomen with two teeth at middle of notch; ab- 
domen never carinate ; elytral spots indistinct. 500. striatus. 

498 (1608). Berosus pantherinus Lee, Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1855, 364. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Pale, dull yellow ; head blackish-bronzed ; thorax 
with two black spots at middle; elytra each with ten distinct black spots 
as follows ; two near base, four in a sinuous transverse band in front of 
middle, three in another band behind middle, and one near apex ; abdomen 
reddish-brown. Thorax finely punctured, the sides slightly converging in 
front. Elytral strke coarsely punctured; intervals rather thickly and irregu- 
larly punctate. Length 4 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 3. Known from Illinois, Missouri 
and Texas. 

499 (1609). Berosus peregrinls Herbst, Col., VII, 314. 

Oval, convex. Head black with bronzed surface; thorax and elytra 
light brownish-yellow, the former with two brown spots on disk, the latter 
with four or five indistinct oblong, double spots. Elytral striae less dis- 
tinct on disk than on sides, the intervals finely punctured. Head thickly 
punctured, with a longitudinal impression between the eyes. Length 4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 6-August 20. 



THE WATEE SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



259 



500 *(1614). Berosus striatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

188. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Head as in peregrinus but without impression 
between the eyes ; thorax and elytra dull greenish-yellow, the former with 
a double fuscous line on disk ; each elytron with eight or ten small, remote, 
indistinct blackish spots. Elytral strise distinctly impressed, finely punc- 
tate; intervals flat, with rather coarse punctures. Length 4-5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. February 26-Oetober 21. Hi- 
bernates as imago, specimens having been taken in February from 
beneath log buried deeply in sand, while others were dredged from 
a pond in early March. 

B. pugnax Lee, 5-6 mm. in length, and colored much as in 
pantherinus, is known from Illinois and Missouri. B. exiguus Say, 
2.5 in length, occurs from Pennsylvania to Louisiana. 

IX. Ch^tarthria Stephens. 1832. ( Gr. , ' ' bristle + joint. ' ' ) 

Very small species having the first joint of antennae long and the 
body contractile. They occur about the margins of ponds and lakes. 

501 (1619). Cilzetabtheia pallida Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, 

342. 

Hemispherical, very convex, shining. Above dull brownish-yellow ; head 
black, shining; disk of thorax often with a fuscous blotch; beneath black. 
Elytra very sparsely and finely punctate; sutural striae distinct. Length 
2 mm. 

Lakes of Laporte, Marshall, Fulton, and Starke counties; fre- 
quent. June 16-August 31. A member of the boreal fauna. This 
is the form described as nigriceps Lec. 

X. Laccobius Er. 1832, (Gr., "pool or lake + life.") 

502 (1621). Laccobius agilis Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 19. 
Subrotund, convex. Head and disk of thorax blackish-iridescent, the 

margins of latter broadly pale yellow ; elytra pale, the striae dusky ; under 
surface black, legs pale. Head alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate, 
the margin in front of eyes yellow. Thorax three times as wide as long, 
as wide at base as elytra, finely and sparsely punctate. Punctures of ely- 
tra very small and close-set in regular rows. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. May 26-September 3 

XL Philhydrus Sol. 1834. (Gr., "love + water. ") 

Small oblong-oval beetles, piceous or dull brownish-yellow in 
hue and having the upper surface regularly and rather finely and 
closely punctured ; elytra with four row's of coarser punctures, these 



260 



FAMILY VI. — HYDEOPHILID2E. 



sometimes indistinct. The beetles usually occur in numbers along 
the edges of ponds, lakes and streams and rise to the surface when 
the water is made turbid. Five species have been taken in Indiana, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHILHYDEUS. 

a. Above paler, brownish-yellow to pale pieeous. 

l>. Pro sternum distinctly carinate; length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

503. NEBULOSUS. 

bb. Prosternum not carinate. 

c. Smaller, not over 4 mm. ; mesosternal lamina very feeble, the front 
edge without distinct angle. 504. ochbaceus. 

cc. Larger, 4-6 mm. ; mesosternal lamina prominent, with a distinct 
angular projection. 
d. Thorax with a large discal pieeous space. 505. hamiltoni. 
eld. Thorax entirely dull yellow. diffusus. 
aa. Above black or pieeous black, the margins sometimes pale. 

e. Larger. C.5-T mm. ; transversely very convex. 506. cinctus. 

ee. Smaller, not over 5.5 mm. ; subdepressed. 507. peeplexus. 

503 (1626). Philhydeus nebulosus Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 277; 

ibid. I, 183. 

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Above variable from pale to dull brown- 
ish-yellow, shining; head and under-surface pieeous. Thorax and elytra 
sparsely and indistinctly punctured, the usual rows of coarser punctures 
scarcely visible. Length 3.5^.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 15-October 2i. 

504 (1630). Philhydeus ocheaceus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 
II, 1844, 101. 

Elliptical, less convex. Above pale pieeous or dull 
smoky brown, shining; head darker, with a pale space 
in front of each eye ; margins of thorax and elytra paler ; 
beneath pieeous, the tibiaa and tarsi paler. Thorax and 
elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate, the dorsal 
" x rows very indistinct. Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 128.) 

Northern half of State ; common ; less so in the 
southern portion. April 23-October 26. Resem- 
Fig ,v^ 8 - bles nebulosus, but smaller: prosternum not cari- 

(Onginal.) 7 ' x 

nate and punctures of upper surface more distinct. 

505 (9315). Philhydeus hamiltoni Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVII, 

1890, 249. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Above piceous-yellow or dull brown- 
ish-yellow ; head pieeous ; disk of thorax with an indefinite semicircular 
space darker. Punctures of thorax not very close; those of elytra a little 
coarser, the discal rows faint. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Laporte counties; frequent. April 23-Sep- 




THE WATER SCAVENGEE BEETLES. 



261 



tember 7. A member of the boreal fauna. Next in size to ductus, 
but brownish instead of black, more oblong and less convex. 

P. dijfusus Lee, is recorded from Illinois and westward. 

508 *(1633). Philhydrus cinctus Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 276; ibid. 
1,182. 

Oval, slightly oblong, very convex. Black, shining ; entire margin dark 
reddish-brown. Thorax with basal marginal line very fine and indistinct; 
its surface finely and evenly punctured. Elytra a little more coarsely and 
sparsely punctured than thorax, the dorsal rows distinct but feebly im- 
pressed. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Febru- 
ary 11-December 8. 

507 (1636). Philhydrus pekplexus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 371. 

Oblong-oval, fully twice as long as wide. Above piceous-black, shining ; 
sides of thorax and elytra with narrow paler border. Thorax closely and 
finely punctate, its basal marginal line always distinct. Elytral punctures 
coarser than those of thorax, the usual dorsal rows feebly indicated. Length 
4—5.5 mm. 

Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in the 
southern portion. April 23-October 23. 

XII. Helochares Muls. 1844. (Gr., " marsh + rejoice. ") 

Very close to Philhydrus and formerly united with it. One spe- 
cies occurs in Indiana. 

508 (1639). Helochares macultcollis Muls., Ann. Sc. Phys. Nat. Lyon., 

VII, 379. 

Oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed in front, subdepressed. Above dull 
brownish-yellow ; occiput and discal spot of thorax piceous ; under surface 
black or piceous. Elytra with ten rather deeply impressed rows of serrate 
punctures; intervals flat, finely punctulate, the fifth and ninth with a row 
of coarse punctures. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Lawrence and Dubois counties ; scarce. May 9-August 5. 

XIII. Cymbiodyta Bedel. 1881. (Gr., "boat + dive. ") 

Small, oval, piceous or brownish species, formerly included un- 
der both Philhydrus and Hydrocombus, but having only four joints 
on the middle and hind tarsi. In the species occurring in the East- 
ern United States the elytra are not striate, but usually have sev- 
eral rows of coarse punctures. One species has been taken in the 
State, while two others may occur, 



262 



FAMILY VI. — HYDKOPHILID^E. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYMBIODYTA. 

a. Form oval ; elytra with rows of coarser punctures distinct at least on 
sides. 

b. Color wholly piceous. fimbbiata. 
1)1). Dull brownish-yellow ; head black, with a large yellow spot in front 
of each eye. 509. blanchabdi. 

aa. Form oblong; elytra without rows of coarser punctures; piceous with 
a pale border. lacustbis. 

O. fimbriate/, Melsh., 4.5-5.5 mm. in length, occurs from Canada 
to Pennsylvania and Texas. G. lacustris Lee, 4-4.5 mm. in length, 
is a boreal species which may occur in northern Indiana. 

509 (9319). Cymbiodyta blanchabdi Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVII, 

1890, 25S. 

Rather broadly oval, scarcely narrowed in front, moderately convex. 
Dark smoky brown ; margins of thorax and elytra paler ; head black with a 
reddish-yellow spot in front of each eye; beneath piceous or brown, tarsi 
paler. Thorax and elytra rather closely punctate, the rows of coarser 
punctures represented only by a few distant punctures, except the outermost 
row, which is distinct. Sutural stria well impressed and reaching two-thirds 
to base. Length 4 mm. 

Steuben, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. March 25- 
August 11. Taken on the under side of fiat stones in swift running 
water. Resembles Philhydrus ochraceus, but more broadly oval in 
form. 

XIV. Helocombus Horn. 1890. (Gr., "marsh + border. ") 

Maxillary palpi very long and slender, the last joint distinctly 
shorter than third ; thorax without a basal marginal line ; elytra dis- 
tincly striate. One species is known from the eastern United States. 

510 (1629). Helocombus bifidits Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 371. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, shining; tarsi and narrow margin 
of thorax and elytra paler. Thorax closely and finely punctate. Elytra 
rather deeply striate, the striae entire except the inner three ; intervals on 
sides convex, flatter on disk, rather coarsely punctate, Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Lakes of northern half of State, frequent ; also in Marion and 
Fountain counties. April 3-August 20. 

XV. Hydrobius Leach. 1817. (Gr., "water + life.") 

To this genus, as now limited, belong six of the larger species of 
the Henshaw list. They have the last joint of the maxillary palpi 
always longer than the third, and the elytra with either ten rows of 
punctures or 10-striate. Three of the species have been taken in 
the State, while another may occur. 



THE WATEK SCAVENGEE BEETLES. 



263 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDEOBIUS. 

a. Alternate intervals of elytra, 3-5-7-9, each with a row of coarse punc- 
tures ; elytra black or piceous. 
&. Elytra with well marked striae ; form oblong. 511. fuscipes. 

hi). Elytra with rows of fine punctures ; form short and very convex. 
c. Hind femora merely closely punctate near base, not pubescent. 

512. TUMIDUS. 

cc. Hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent near base and along 
the upper border. 513. globosus. 

aa. Alternate intervals of elytra without rows of coarse punctures; elytral 
striae deep, the scutellar well marked; elytra pale brown with scat- 
tered small dark spaces. tessellattjs. 

511 (1653). Hydrobius fuscipes Linn., See Muls. Col. France, Palpic, 122. 
Oblong-convex. Above piceous-black, shining; beneath black, the tarsi 

paler. Thorax finely and closely punctate. Elytra striate the two inner 
and scutellar striae indistinct at base ; striae closely punctate ; intervals fiat, 
not densely punctulate. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties ; frequent beneath rubbish 
along the beaches of lakes. April 23-August 20. Probably occurs 
throughout the State. Resembles Helocombus bifidus, but more 
convex and with shorter maxillary palpi, the last joint longer than 
the preceding. 

512 (1648). Hydkobius tumidus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 372. 

Oval, very little longer than wide, very convex. Piceous-black, shining, 
slightly bronzed; beneath black, legs piceous, tarsi paler. Thorax rather 
closely and equally punctate and with coarser punctures in semicircular 
row on sides. Elytra with ten rows of punctures, the first and second rows 
not complete; intervals flat, more coarsely punctured than in globosus. 
Length 8-8.5 mm. 

Kosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. April 3-October 22. 

513 (1652). Hydrobius globosus Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 276; ibid. I, 

182. 

Shorter, broader, more hemispherical than tumidus, 
which it closely resembles. Surface similarly punctured, 
but in each part more finely; dorsal rows of punctures 
more distinct. Hind femora with basal third opaque, 
punctured and slightly pubescent. Scutellar stria dis- 
tinct. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 129.) 

So far taken in Indiana only in swift water at 
mouth of Donaldson's Cave, near Mitchell, Law- 
rence County; scarce. Should occur throughout the State. May 
5-September 11. 

H. tessellatus Zieg., 7-7.5 mm. in length, is said to occur from 
Canada to Illinois and southward, but rare in every locality. 




264 



FAMILY VI. HYDROPHILIDiE. 



XVI. Creniphilus Mots. 1845. (Gr., "notch or bay + loving. " ) 

Very small, convex elliptical or oblong beetles, having the punc- 
tures of elytra confused, thorax without a basal marginal line, and 
also without the rows of large coarse punctures usually seen in the 
species of HydroUus. They usually occur in numbers amongst the 
decaying aquatic plants along the margins of pools and lakes. 
Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others should 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CEENIPHILUS. 

a. Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide ; tarsi slender, the hind pair 
fully as long as the tibiae; elytra distinctly narrowed almost from 
humeri to tips ; color piceous, shining, the side margins of both thorax 
and elytra pale. sutuealis. 
aa. Form broadly oval, not much longer than wide, very convex; tarsi 
stouter, the hind pair shorter than the tibiae. 
1). Prosternum distinctly carinate*. 

c. Elytra distinctly punctate ; antennae eight-jointed. 

514. SUBCUPEEUS. 

cc. Elytra very indistinctly punctate; antennae nine-jointed. 

515. DESPECTUS. 

Z>&. Prosternum absolutely simple. 

d. Black with a bronzed tinge; surface distinctly punctured; hind 

femora strigose lengthwise and sparsely punctate. digestus. 
dd. Dull piceous without tinge of bronze; surface indistinctly punc- 
tate ; hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent. 

516. INFUSCATUS. 

G. suturalis Lee, length 1.5-2 mm., and G. digestus Lee, 2.5- 
3.5 mm. in length, are both said to occur from Canada southward 
to Georgia and New Mexico. 

514 (1657). Ceeniphilus subcupkeus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 189 ; ibid. II, 293. 
Elliptical, convex. Above piceous, distinctly bronzed, the margins of 
elytra often paler toward apex; beneath dark reddish-piceous, the tarsi 
paler. Thorax and elytra equally, not closely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Common along the margins of lakes in the northern part of the 
State; less so in the southern counties. April 23- August .26. 

515 (1658). Ceeniphilus despectus Lee, New Sp. N. Amer. Col., 1863, 25. 
Closely resembles sultcupreuz, but smaller and transversely more con- 
vex. Surface more distinctly brassy, alutaceous with minute punctures, 
sparsely placed. Length 1.5 mm. 

Marshall and Putnam counties ; scarce. April 17-October 17. 

516 (1655). Ceeniphilus infuscatus Mots., Bull. Mosc., Ill, 1857, 177. 
Oval, very convex. Piceous or dark fuscous, the margins of thorax 

and elytra paler. Antennae nine-jointed, the club darker. Thorax very 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



265 



finely and indistinctly punctate, more coarsely at the sides. Elytra more 
coarsely but less closely punctate than thorax. Femora of all the legs 
densely punctulate and pubescent. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 16-October 17. 
Both this and the preceding were sifted from debris taken from the 
margins of hillside springs. 

Tribe IV. SPHJERIDIINI. 

To this tribe belong a number of small, convex, oval or hemi- 
spherical beetles, which live in damp places in decaying vegeta- 
tion or in the dung of herbivorous mammals. The color is usually 
black or piceous, with the elytra frequently spotted or margined 
with pale yellow and, in most genera, possessing ten rows of punc- 
tures or strias; legs not fitted for swimming; first joint of middle 
and hind tarsi elongate. Four genera are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SPH^ERIDIINT. 

a. Sides of elytra not extended below the lower surface of body. 

Elytra not inflexed ; epipleura horizontal, distinct; prosternum cari- 
nate at middle. 

c. Larger species, 5 or more mm.; scutellum elongate; antenna? eight- 
jointed; last dorsal segment visible. XVII. Sph^ridium. 
co. Smaller species, 3 mm. or less; scutellum equilateral; antennae 
nine-jointed; last dorsal segment covered. XVIII. Cercyon. 
66. Elytra inflexed, clasping the sides of body, without distinct epi- 
pleura; prosternum elevated at middle, forming a large pentagonal 
area ; thorax not margined ; length 1.5-2 mm. 

XIX. Cryptopleurum.- 

aa. Elytra extended below the lower surface of body, the punctuation con- 
fused, without trace of stria?; first ventral segment not carinate; 
length 3-3.5 mm. XX. Phcenonotum. 

XVII. Speueridium Fab. 1755. (Gr., "ball or sphere + little.") 
517 (1662). Sphjeridium scaeabjeoides Linn., Faun. Suec, 1761, 145. 

Oval or subglobose, convex. Above black, shining; elytra with a red- 
dish sub-basal spot and the apical fourth yellowish; beneath piceous, the 
femora spotted with paler. Thorax and elytra finely and evenly punctured, 
the latter without striae. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

A recently introduced European species, taken from beneath 
rubbish on the beach of Lake Michigan at Pine, and Whiting, Lake 
County; at Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County, and on the shore 
of the Ohio River at New Albany; scarce. April 16-October 23. 

XVIII. Cercyon Leach. 1817. (A mythological name.) 

Small black or piceous beetles with more or less yellow on the 
tips of elytra, They have the middle coxa? narrowly separated; 



266 



FAMILY VI. — HYDEOPHILIDiE. 



elytra usually striate; mesosternum elevated between and in front 
of the middle coxa, 1 . About 25 species are known from the United 
States, many of them being common to this country and Europe. 
Of these Dr. Horn states that "but a small number owe their pres- 
ence in our fauna to introduction by human agency. They appear 
to be rather members of a circumpolar fauna, equally native in 

either hemisphere, and dis- 
tributed at a time when con- 
tinental division was less ab- 
rupt than at present. ' ' 
Eleven species have been 
taken in Indiana and several 
others doubtless occur. 




B 

Fig. 130. Fig. 131. 

A , middle coxal cavity. B, metasternal area. (After Horn.) 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEECYON. 

a. Intervals of elytra alternately higher or subcostiforin at apex, the strise 
deep ; surface sparsely pubescent ; color pale reddish-brown. 

518. PUBESCENS. 

aa. Intervals flat or slightly convex ; surface smooth. 

Z>. Metasternal area extended on each side by an oblique line. (Fig. 
130.) 

c. Thorax without basal marginal line, its surface wholly black. 

d. Elytra piceous, with pale apex ; surface distinctly punctulate ; 
palpi and antennae piceous. 519. h^mobbhoidalis. 

dd. Elytra reddish, with a large scutellar triangle and humeral stripe 
piceous. 

e. Elytra very distinctly punctulate ; epipleura piceous ; palpi pale. 

520. MELANOCEPHALUS. 

ee. Elytra indistinctly punctulate; epipleura pale; last joint of 
palpi piceous. 521. pygm^us. 

cc. Thorax with distinct basal marginal line, paler at sides; elytra 
pale with transverse piceous band behind the middle ; palpi pale. 

522. NIGBICEPS. 

Kb. Metasternal area median only. (Fig. 131.) 

f. Side marginal lines of thorax extending for a short distance along 
the basal margin ; elytra dull reddish-yellow with a large oval 
piceous spot on suture behind middle which extends narrowly to 

apex. UNIPUNCTATUS. 

ff. Side marginal lines reaching the hind angles only. 

g. Interval between the seventh and eighth strise normally wide, 
with at least two rows of punctures. 
h. FornToval, never very convex; head oblique. 

i. Elytra piceous black, with a sharply limited yellowish apical 
space extending along the sides toward the base. 

523. PBJETEXTATUS. 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



267 



U. Elytra piceous, with a common indefinite pale space divided 
by the suture, but not reaching apex ; sides of thorax and 
humeral umbone pale. indistixctus. 
hh. Form short, very convex ; head vertical ; punctuation of elytral 
intervals more indistinct than that of thorax. 
j. Surface opaque, more or less alutaceous ; elytra with distinct 
stria?; apex with a distinct pale spot. 
7c. Entire surface alutaceous ; elytral stria? fine, but reaching 
apex. . 524. lugubris. 

kk. Elytra alone alutaceous, their stria? very fine and not 
reaching the apex. 525. tristis. 

jj. Surface shining ; elytral stria? replaced by rows of fine punc- 
tures; apex with an indistinct rufous space extending 
slightly along the suture. 526. navicularis. 

gg. Interval between the seventh and eighth stria? narrow and with 
but one row of punctures. 

I. Elytra with an indefinite pale space at apex; color piceous or 

brownish. 527. analis. 

II. Elytra with pale space at apex sharply limited by a curved 

line, not extending along the side margin ; color black, shin- 
ing. 528. OCELLATUS. 

518 (1664). Cercyon pubescens Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, VII, 1855. 

374. 

Oval, moderately convex, somewhat attenuate behind the middle. Dull 
reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent ; head piceous. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, narrowed in front, sides curved from base to apex ; surface slightly 
rugose, without punctures. Elytra with nine rather deeply impressed punc- 
tured stria?; intervals flat on basal half, convex and alternately more ele- 
vated at apex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Mesosternal elevation 
elongate-oval, acute in front, truncate behind. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; frequent at carrion bait and on fungi. Jnne 
10- July 29. Probably throiighout the State but overlooked on ac- 
count of small size. Said to be often abundant in dried horse dung. 

519 (1666). Cercyon hemorrhoidals Fab.. Syst. Ent, 1798. 67; 

nigricolle Say, Ed. Lee, II, 294. 
Oval, moderately convex. Elytra piceous or brownish, their tips slight- 
ly paler than disk. Thorax closely punctate. Elytra 10-striate, the stria? 
distinct at apex, rather closely punctate; intervals flat, densely and rather 
coarsely punctulate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. April 6-Octo- 
ber 17. This is the species listed as flavipes Fab. and nigricolle 
Say. 

520 (1672). Cercyon melanocephalus Linn., Faun. Suec, 1761, 144. 
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head and thorax piceous or 

black, shining; elytra usually reddish with a triangular piceous space ex- 
tending from base one-half or more to apex and a subhumeral stripe pic- 



268 



FAMILY TI. — HTDBOPHILIDJE. 



eous ; legs, antenna? and palpi dull reddish-brown. Thorax with sides regu- 
larly curved from base to apex, surface rather finely and closely punctate. 
Elytra 10-striate. the stria? punctate and distinctly impressed at apex ; in- 
tervals finely but distinctly punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 6-April 13. 

521 (167S). Ceecyox pygmjecs Illig.. Mag. I, 1802, 40. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Color giYen in key; antenna? dull yellow, club 
darker ; legs and epipleura pale. Thorax with sides regularly curved from 
base to apex, disk rather closely but not deeply punctate. Elytra striate, 
tenth stria indistinct; intervals flat, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. 
Prosternum distinctly carinate. Length 1.3-2 mm. 

Posey Comity ; rare. April 13. Taken beneath bark of fungus- 
covered log. The dark area of elytra varies much in size. 

522 (1674). Ceecyox xigbiceps Marsh.. Ent. Brit. 1802. 72. 

Oval, moderately convex. Piceous, shining ; sides of thorax paler ; ely- 
tra dull reddish-yellow, with an indefinite common fuscous band behind the 
middle. Thorax with sides narrowed from base to apex, disk finely, not 
closely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate, the stria? distinctly punc- 
tate ; intervals feebly convex, very minutely punctate. Length 1.2-2 mm. 

Marion County : rare. April 23. Taken by sifting. 

C. unipunctatus Linn., sides of thorax pale, length 3 nun., is 
said to range from Canada to Illinois. 

523 (1675). Ceecyox pbj;textatus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., V. 



bish along the sandy margins of ponds and lakes. A large and well 
marked species. 

C. indistinctus Horn. 2.5-3 mm. in length, was described from 
Canada and Pennsylvania. 

524 ( 9334). Ceecyox lugubbis Payk.. Faun. Suec. I. 1798 ; 59. 

Oval, convex, narrower behind. Piceous black, subopaque : elytra at 
apex with a well-defined pale space which extends along the side margin. 
Thorax with sides regularly curved ; disk finely, rather sparsely and evenly 



1825. 190; ibid. II. 294. 




Oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining; front 
angles of thorax and a large, sharply defined space at 
ai>ex and along margins of elytra, yellowish; antenno? 
dull yellow, the club darker. Thorax transverse, closely 
and evenly punctate. Elytra with ten impressed rows 
of close-set punctures : intervals closely punctate, more 
sparsely near apex and on sides. Length 2.5-3 mm. 
(Fig. 132.) 



Fig. 132. X 8. 

(Original.) 



Throughout the State ; frequent. April 15-Oc- 
tober 18. Often found in dead fish or beneath rub- 



THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



269 



punctate. Elytra finely striate on disk, more distinctly impressed at sides 
and apex, the tenth stria wanting,; intervals fiat, not distinctly punctate. 
Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; rare. August 5-Qctober 21. 

525 (9335 ). Cercyon tristis Illig.. Mag. I. 1802, 109. 

Resembles lugubris very closely but rather smaller and more narrow. 
Elytral stria} replaced by rows of fine punctures not closely placed, which 
are nearly obsolete on sides and apex; intervals fiat, punctulate near the 
base only. Length 1.5 mm. 

Pine. Lake County and along margins of cypress swamp. Knox 
County; scarce. Taken from dead crayfish and at sap. May 1- 
May 28. 

526 (1671). Cebcyox xaviculabis Zimm.. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 1869, 

250. 

Oval, strongly convex, narrower behind the middle. Piceous black, 
shining ; elytra often slightly paler at tip and along suture ; antennae, palpi 
and legs dull reddish-yellow. Thorax almost smooth, the sides regularly 
curved from base to apex. Elytra very convex, their sides rapidly sloping 
downward; stria? represented by rows of very fine punctures which are 
more distinct at sides and apex; intervals very sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-1.7 ram. 

Starke. Marshall. Kosciusko and Parke counties; scarce. May 
20-July 2. Sifted from masses of damp leaves aloug the borders of 
pools in low moist woods. 

527 (1680). Ceecyox axalis Payk.. Faun. Suec.. I, 1798, 187. 

Oval moderately convex. Piceous black or brownish, shining; elytiM 
with a pale space at apex which varies much in size. Elytral striae equal 
from base to apex, closely but not coarsely punctate, the tenth very dis- 
tinct ; intervals flat, densely punctate except the eighth, which has but a 
single row of punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. April 15-October 17. 

528 (1677). Cercyox ocellattts Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, V. 1825. 

190: ibid. II, 294. 

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Piceous black, shining: elytra with 
sharply defined pale apical space occupying about one-third the surface, 
the suture piceous to apex. Thorax with sides regularly curved from base 
to apex; surface, as well as that of head, rather coarsely and closely punc- 
tate. Elytral stria? feebly impressed, bur with rather large, closely placed 
punctures, those of the outer rows the coarser and deeper : intervals flat, 
distinctly punctulate near the base, much less so on apical third. Meta- 
stemal area shining, sparsely punctate : mesosternal elevation oval : pro- 
sternum distinctly carinate. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Kosciusko. Marshall, Vigo. Knox and Jennings counties: com- 
mon. May 1-Oetober 9. 



270 



FAMILY VI. HTDROPHILIDiE. 



XIX. Cryptopleurum Muls. 1844. (Gr., " hidden abreast.") 

This genus differs from Cercyon by having the prosternum ele- 
vated before the front coxae to form a rather large, five-sided area 
widely separating the coxee ; mesosternum with a similar area widely 
separating the middle coxae; metasternal area broad, extending 
across the body ; sides of thorax reflexed and angulate near middle, 
the angle not visible from above. Two species are known, both of 
which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEYPTOPLEUEUM. 

a. Elytra] intervals distinctly punctate throughout their entire extent; 
striae not conspicuously coarsely punctate. 529. minutum. 

aa. Elytra] intervals feebly punctate on basal half only; striae coarsely 
punctured at base. 530. amebicanum. 

529 (1690). Ceyptopleueum minuttjm Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 68. 

Rather broadly oval, more narrowed behind than in front, convex. 
Piceous black, feebly shining; elytra with an indefinite pale space at tip; 
antennae and palpi piceous. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, sides 
feebly curved, surface rather coarsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply stri- 
ate ; intervals slightly convex, closely and distinctly punctulate and sparse- 
ly pubescent. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce; April 12-Octo- 
ber 9. Taken in decaying fungi and beneath dead turtles and 
chickens. In one specimen at hand the pale reddish space at apex 
of elytra extends over three-fourths of the surface. 

530 (9339). Ceyptopleueum ameeicanum Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 

XVII, 1890, 311. 

Resembles minutum in form and color; antennae and palpi pale red- 
dish-yellow. Thorax more coarsely punctate than the head. Elytra deeply 
striate, striae coarsely and closely punctate near base, more finely on apical 
half ; intervals sparsely and finely punctate on basal half only. Metasternal 
area more coarsely and sparsely punctured than in minutum. Length 1.7- 
2 mm. 

Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. March 23-April 23. 
Known heretcf ore only from Ohio. 

XX. Ph^enonotum Sharp. 1882. (Gr., "to show + back.") 

Bather small black species having the antennae 9- jointed, the 
club joints loosely united; prostemum short, not carinate between 
the coxae. 

531 (1685). Ph^enonotum esteiatum Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 171; 

ibid. II, 646.- 

Rather broadly oval, strongly convex. Piceous black, shining; antennae 
dull yellow, the club fuscous. Thorax very finely punctate. Elytra more 



THE MAMMAL NEST BEETLES. 



271 



coarsely punctured than thorax, the punctures not distant one from an- 
other more than their own diameter. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake. Marshall, Starke. Kosciusko and Steuben counties; fre- 
quent. May 20-Oetober 26. 

Family VII. LEPTIN1TLE. 

Mammal Nest Beetles. 

This family is represented in Indiana by a single small, flat 
beetle, having the antenna? slender and 11-jointed; eyes entirely 
wanting ; thorax with apex truncate, base covering the base of elytra 
and broadly emarginate, without distinct side pieces beneath; scu- 
tellum distinct; elytra rounded at tip. covering the abdomen; front 
coxa? small, globular, not separated by the prosternum ; hind coxae 
narrow, transverse, meeting at middle ; legs short, tibia? flattened, 
tarsi 5- jointed. 

But two species of the family are known 
from North America. One inhabits the 
Hudson Bay region ; the ether is common 
to both Europe and America and lives with 
small rodents and insectivora. such as mice, 
moles, shrews, etc.. and also in the nests of 
bumble-bees. If the nest of a mouse or 
shrew be carefully removed from beneath 
a log or other shelter and shaken over a 
paper, a number of these little beetles will 
probably be seen scampering away as fast- 
as their legs will carry them. Chas. Dury, 

of Cincinnati, took 90 specimens of the Fig . 133 . Liaesh?ws natural size, 
beetle from one nest and many others es- (After Sharp.) 

capeel before he could gather them in. As to whether they are para- 
sites or guests of their hosts is still a mooted question, but Dury 
states, and my observation bears out his supposition, that he 
thinks them "only guests 'of the animals, as I have found them in 
nests that have long since been deserted. ' ' It is possible that they 
may live upon the eggs and young of the mites, fleas and other 
forms of life found associated with them in the nests. It is thought 
by some that their original home was in the nests of bumble-bees, 
where they fed upon honey and pollen, and that they merely make 
use of the mice and shrews as a means of getting from one nest of 
a bumble-bee to another. 
[18—23402] 




272 



FAMILY TILL SILPHID.E. 



I . Leptlx u s Mull. 181 i . ( Gr. . ' ; thin or small. ' ' ) 

532 (1692). LEPTixrs testacetts Mull.. Germ. Mag. Ent. II. 1S1T, 268. 

Oblong-oval, much depressed. Uniform pale yellow. Above finely and 
regularly punctured and rather thickly pubescent with golden hairs. Length 
2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 133.) 

Lake. Marion. Putnam and Perry counties: frequent. March 
11-Deeeniber 1. Evidently hibernates as imago. 

Family VUL SILPHLD^. 

Tfle Carrion Beetle. 

\\ Tierever decaying animal matter occurs, especially dead birds, 
mice or snakes, the larger members of this family can usually be 
found. The smaller species live more commonly in decaying fungi, 
while a few occur only in the nests of ants. * The name Silphida? is 
founded upon that of the principal genus Silpha, a name of Greek 
origin indicating a foetid odor. The larger members of the family, 
belonging to the genera Xecropliorus and Silplia. range in size be- 
tween one-half and one and a half inches. Then eggs are deposited 
in the bodies of small mammals or fragments of putrid flesh, which 
are then buried from several inches to nearly a foot in the ground. 
A pair of the beetles will thus bury the body of a mouse or mole 
with great rapidity. The larva?, on hatching from the eggs, feed 
upon the decaying flesh, and are said to even devour the bones of 
small mammals. 

From allied families the members of the Silphida? may be known 
by having the eyes finely granulated, sometimes (in cave species ) 
absent : antennae 11-. rarely 9- or 10- jointed, gradually or suddenly 
clubbed at apex and inserted under the margin of the front, behind 
the base of mandibles : thorax without distinct side pieces beneath ; 
mesosternum very short, the side pieces closing the coxal cavities on 
the sides: metasternmn large, truncate behind: front coxa? large, 
conical, contiguous: hind coxa? contiguous: abdomen with five or 
six free ventral segments : legs variable, sometimes thick and fitted 
for digging, sometimes slender: tibia? with large terminal spurs: 
tarsi usually 5-jointed. 

The principal literature treating of the Xorth American species 
is embodied in the two following papers : 

LfConif. — " Synopsis of the Silphida? of North America.'* in 
Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. VI. 1853. 271-287. 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



273 



Horn. — "Synopsis of the Silphida? of the United States with 
reference to the Genera of other Countries.'' in Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc. VIII. 1880. 219-322. 

Nearly 900 species of Silphidae are knowo, about 125 of which, 
distributed among 31 genera, are from North America. Horn, in 
his Synopsis, divided the family among six tribes. Four of these 
are known to be represented in Indiana, while a single species of an- 
other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA TBIBES OE SILPHID-E. 

a. Hind coxae simple. 

6. Front coxae more or less transverse at base and with trocbantin. 
c. Front eoxal cavities open behind. 

fj. Hind coxae contiguous ; larger. 10 or more mm. 

Tribe I. Silphixi. p. 273. 
(7(7. Hind coxae separated; eyes wanting: smaller, not over 2 mm. 

Tribe II. Pixodttixi. p. 277. 
cc. Front coxal cavities closed behind ; length less than 5 mm. 

Tribe IV. AxisoioArixi, p. 2S4. 
&6. Front coxa? eylindric-conic. without trocbantin. the cavities closed 
behind: length less than 6 mm. Tribe III. Cholevixi. p. 27S. 
'/a. Hind coxae with lamina? or plates; size very small, not over 2 mm. 

Tribe V. Clavibexi. p. 291. 

Tribe I. SILPHIXI. 

To this tribe belong all the larger members of the family, the 
distinctive characters being the open front coxal cavities and the 
contiguous hind coxa?. The form is sometimes elongate, but usually 
oval or even nearly circular: elytra distinctly, sometimes widely, 
margined at the sides : abdomen often visible beyond the elytra, Of 
the seven genera comprising the tribe, three are represented in In- 
diana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GE^sEBA OF SILPHIXI. 

a. Antenna? ten-jointed. The last four joints forming an abrupt club : mid- 
dle coxa? widely separated. I. Xecrophorus. 
aa. Antenna? eleven-jointed, either slender or gradually clavate. 

~b. Middle coxa? moderately separated: front coxal cavities widely open 
behind: elytral stria?, if present, not punctured. II. Selpha. 

£>£>. Middle coxa? narrowly separated or contiguous: front coxal cavities 
narrowly open : elytral stria? with distinct impressed punctures. 

III. Xecrophiles. 

I. Xecrophorus Fab. 1775. (Gr.. "a dead body - bearing. ") 
To this genus belong large, elongate, thick-bodied beetles, having 



274 



FAMILY Till. SILPHIDJE. 




black elytra, which are truncate at tip. and ornamented with con- 
spicuous reddish-yellow spots. The head is 
large, suddenly narrowed in front of eyes and 
also at a little distance behind them. The an- 
tenna:' are spoken of as ten-jointed, but the 
true second joint appears as a node at the base 
of the one usually called the second. (Fig. 
1310 They are frequently known as "sexton 
Fig. 131 Neerophorus: i. beetles." on account of their habits of burying 

antenna; 2. tarsus; 3, head .... , -, , . t 

from beneath. small mammals and snakes. Six species nave 

(After Westwood.) . . 

been taken m Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE XECROPHORUS. 

a. Hind, and usually the middle, tibiae curved or arcuate. 

6. Thorax orbicular, its sides and base with wide, flattened margins, 
disk finely and sparsely punctulate. 
c. Disk of thorax red : elytra without erect hairs. 

533. AMERICAXUS. 

cc. Disk of thorax black ; elytra with erect hairs. 534. sayi. 

1)1). Thorax transversely cordate, its sides narrowly margined and sin- 
uate at middle: disk smooth; first joint of antennal club red. 

535. MARGIXATCS. 

aa. Tibia? straight, not arcuate. 

d. Thorax orbicular as in am eric anus and sayi. 536. obbicollis. 

dd. Thorax transversely oval., very little narrowed behind ; sides and base 
broadly margined. 
e. Disk of thorax glabrous ; antennal club orange, the first joint pic- 
eous. 537. pustulates. 

ee. Disk of thorax densely pubescent : antennal club piceous. 

538. tomentosus. 

533 (1695). Xecrophores americanus Oliv.. Ent. II. 1790. 6. 
Elongate, robust. Black, shining: vertex, disk of 

thorax, epipleural fold' and two large irregular 
transverse spots on each elytron, orange-red : an- 
tennae black, the club orange-red. Thorax wider 
than long, truncate in front : disk with a few scat- 
tered punctures along the margins. Length 27- 
35 mm. (Fig. 135.) 

Marion. Vigo and Posey counties: fre- 
quent, April 23-August 11. Probably occurs 
throughout the State, Often attracted by 
electric light. Our largest species, readily 
known by its size and the color of head and 
thorax. 

534 (1696). Xecrophorus sayi Lap.. Hist. Nat. 

II. 1839, 2. 

Elongate, moderately robust. Resembles or~bicol- 




Fig. 13o. X H. (Original.) 



THE CAEEION BEETLES. 



275 



lis, but smaller. The epipleura fold of elytra is wholly orange-red, the sides 
of thorax less curved, and the middle and hind tibiae are curved in both 
sexes. Length 16-18 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties ; rare. June 4-July 15. 

* 

535 (1698). Necbophobus mabginatus Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 334. 
Moderately elongate. Black, shining; antennal club, epipleural fold 

and two broad dentate cross-bands on elytra, orange yellow ; the sub-basal 
band usually entire, rarely divided at suture; the subapical often reach- 
ing the apical margin, the two connected on side margin. Thorax distinctly 
narrower behind the middle, the disk nearly smooth. Hind tibiae distinctly 
curved. Length 20-27 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-July 28. Occurs 
especially about dead snakes. 

536 (1697). Necbophobus oebicollts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 177 ; ibid. II, 284. 
Elongate, moderately robust. Black, shining; elytra with a sub-basal 
cross-bar and subapical spot orange-red; epipleural fold black; antennae 
piceous, the club orange-red. first joint black. Middle and hind tibiae in 
both sexes gradually broader to tip and straight. Length 20-25 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 6-August 20. One 
just emerged from pupal stage was taken from a little pit beneath 
a log on April 17. 

537 (1701). Necbophobus pustulatus Hersch., Illig. Mag., VI, 271. 
Moderately robust. Black or piceous, shining; antennal club, except 

the first joint, and two spots on each elytron, orange-red; one of the elytral 
spots on the side at usual position of sub-basal band, the other, sometimes 
double, subapical. Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind. 
Elytra coarsely punctured, each with two faint costae. Length 17 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 18. The color is variable, some- 
times wholly black ; the epipleural fold usually black, often red or 
partly so. 

538 (1703). Necbophobus tomentosus Weber, Obs. Ent., I, 1801, 47. 
Moderately elongate. Black, shining ; elytra with two cross-bars and 

epipleural fold orange-red; the cross-bars resembling those of margin at us. 
but narrower. Thorax broader than long, very little narrowed behind, the 
disk clothed with golden yellow hairs. Middle and hind tibiae straight. 
Length 15-20 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 20-October 18. 

II. Silpha Linn. 1758. (Gr., "a beetle.") 

. Strongly depressed beetles of medium or large size, usually 
rounded in form and with a wide, thin margin to thorax and elytra. 



276 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHIDiE. 



The antennas are 11 -jointed and never elongate, the terminal joint 
being flattened and oval at tip ; elytra more or less costate. but not 
striate, the lateral margins reflexed. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILPHA. 

a. Eyes large, prominent; form elongate; hind femora much stouter in 
males. 539. subinamensis. 

ad. Eyes not prominent; form oval; hind femora similar in both sexes. 
1). Labrum broadly emarginate ; third joint of antennae as long or longer 
than the second. 

c. Thorax entirely black. 540. in^qualis. 

cc. Thorax with black disk and reddish-yellow margin. 

541. NOVEBOEACENSIS. 

Labrum deeply emarginate; third joint of antennae shorter than sec- 
ond; form broadly oval. 542. Americana. 

*539 (1704). Silpha subinamensis Fab., Syst. Ent, 179S. 72. 

Moderately elongate, depressed. Black or piceous; elytra with narrow 
subapical orange red cross-bar, often broken into spots, sometimes entirely 
wanting. Thorax transversely oval, broadly flattened behind. Elytra gradu- 
ally broader behind, apex obliquely truncate ; disk flat with three distinct 
costae. Length 15-24 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates as imago beneath 
logs close to carrion. January 19-December 18. 



*540 (1708). Silpha in^equalis Fab., Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 87, 




Fig. 136. a, larva; d, same, natural size; /, g, h, mandible, 
labium and maxilla of larva; i, j. anal process and antenna? of 
same; m, one of the lateral processes more highly magnified; 
b, pupa; e, same, natural size; I, anal process of same; c, 
beetle; k, front tarsus of same. (After Riley.) 



Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. 
Black, opaque. Thorax twice as 
wide as long, narrowed in front, 
base with a broad truncate lobe 
at middle ; elytra very little long- 
er than wide, rounded at -apex, 
the disk with three costse, the 
outer and . most distinct shorter 
and terminating in a slight tuber- 
cle one-third from apex. Length 
10-14 mm. (Fig. 136.) 

Throughout the State ; com- 
mon. Hibernates in different 



stages ; gregarious. January 16-November 4. 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



277 



541 (1709). Silpha noveboracensis Forst, Cent. Ins., I, 1771, 17. 

Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. Thorax piceous, broadly 
margined with reddish-yellow; elytra brownish to piceous. 
Thorax about one-half wider than long, base truncate at mid- 
dle, sinuate each side; elytra as broad as thorax, rounded be- 
hind, the disk with three costse, the outer one the stronger; 
surface distinctly and regularly punctate. Length 13-14 mm. 
(Fig. 137.) 

Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. April 10- July 2 
Sometimes found on decaying fungi ; more often on carrion. 




Fg. 137. 
(After Coinstock.) 



542 (1710) 




Fig. 138. X H 
(After Glover.) 



Silpha ameeicana Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 1766, 570. 

Broadly oval, depressed. Thorax yellow, with discal 
black spot ; elytra brownish, with the elevations darker. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, much narrowed 
in front, base broadly lobed at middle, surface densely 
and equally punctured. Elytra as wide or wider con- 
jointly than long, the disk with three indistinct costse. 
connected by numerous cross elevations ; intervals rather 
closely punctate. Length 16-20 mm. (Fig. 138.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent, April 18-July 
9. Taken in coitu on June 4. Often found in de- 
caying fundus as well as carrion. 



III. Necrophilus Lat. 1829. (Gr., "a dead body + loving. ") 

This genus is represented in the United States by only two spe- 
cies, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

543 (1714). Neceophilus pettitii Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 
243. 

Broadly oval, narrower in front. Dark chestnut brown, shining, gla- 
brous. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, sides curved, 
apex emarginate, base truncate ; margin broadly flattened and recurved, 
translucent; surface sparsely punctate, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra 
suddenly sloping downward near apex, the surface with rows of coarse, 
deep punctures. Length 10-11 mm. 

Two specimens were taken in very ill-smelling decaying fungi 
beneath a log in woods near Grand Chain. Posey County. April 
10. Dury has taken it in small numbers on several occasions near 
Cincinnati, but it seems to be everywhere scarce. 



Tribe II. PINODYTINI. 

This tribe is represented in North America by three small, blind, 
oblong, chestnut- colored beetles. On^ of these. Pinodytes crypto- 
phagoides Mann., lives in the fine debris of rotten wood and has 



278 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHIM. 



been taken in Alaska, and near Washington, D. C, so that it prob- 
ably occurs in Indiana. (Fig. 139, a.) Another, P. hamiltoni 
Horn, occurs near Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, 

This tribe comprises insects of small size and usually ovate 
form, having the front coxae eylindric-conic and contiguous, the 
cavities closed behind; abdomen with six distinct segments, except 




Fig. 139. a, Pinodytes cryptophagoides Mann.; (a) antenna of same; b, Prionochata opaca Say; (a) tibial spur 
of same; c, Ptomophagus consobrinus Lee; (a) antenna of same. (After Horn.) 

Tribe III. CHOLEVINI. 

in Colon, and covered by the elytra. Some of the species live on 
carrion or in fungi ; others in ants' nests. Four of the eight genera 
are represented in Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHOLEVINI. 

a. Abdomen with six segments ; bind coxae contiguous ; bead suddenly nar- 
rowed bebind tbe eyes, forming a neck, tbe occiput elevated in a 
ridge. 

&. Elytra punctate, not strigose; last joint of maxillary palpi as long as 
tbe preceding; mesosternum not carina te, tbe middle coxae con- 
tiguous. 

c. Tibial spurs moderate in length, simple. IV. Choleva 

cg. Tibial spurs very long, bipectinate. (Fig. 139, 6.) 

V. Pbionochjeta. 

&&. Elytra finely and transversely strigose; last joint of maxillary palpi 
short, awl-shaped; mesosternum earmate, the middle coxae sepa- 
rated ; antennae gradually clavate, not longer than head and thorax. 
(Fig. 139, c.) vi. Ptomophagus. 

aa. Abdomen with five segments (often four in female) ; head oval, not nar- 
rowed behind, occiput not elevated ; hind coxae contiguous. 

VII. Colon. 

IV. Choleva Latr. 1796. (Gr., "to limp or halt.") 

Small, usually oval species, narrowed behind and having the sur- 
face finely pubescent and the elytra usually finely punctured. The 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



279 



antennas are as long as the head and thorax, the last five joints form- 
ing an elongate club, the eighth shorter and narrower than the sev- 
enth and ninth. Five species are known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHOLEVA. 

a. Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse. 

&. Form elongate-oblong, but little narrowed behind ; nearly uniform 
dark brown ; cave inhabiting species. 544. alsiosa. 

Form oval or oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed behind ; terrestrial 
species. 

c. Front femora more or less flat on the under edge, usually glabrous 
and with a tubercle in the male ; female with ventral segments 
not foveate at middle. 545. simplex. 

cc. Front femora with the lower edge rounded, punctate and without 
trace of tubercle in male. 
d. Form oblong ; body distinctly contracted at base of elytra ; fe- 
male with ventral segments 5-6 deeply longitudinally im- 
pressed at middle. 546. basillaeis. 
dd. Form oval, margins of thorax and elytra nearly continuous ; fe- 
male with ventral segments 5-6 vaguely impressed. 

547. clavicornis. 

aa. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, the thoracic and elytral margins 
continuous ; female with abdomen not impressed. 548. teeminans. 

544 (1727). Choleva alsiosa Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1885, 

136. 

Elongate-oblong, rather slender, finely pubescent. Dark smoky or sooty 
brown. Antennse rather slender, longer than head and thorax, piceous, the 
two basal joints paler. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, narrower 
in front; hind angles rather obtuse, disk densely and finely punctured. 
Elytra elongate-oval, as wide as thorax at base, rather densely punctate, 
the punctures coarser than on thorax. Length 4.3 mm. 

One specimen from Coon's Cave, Monroe County. July 10. 
Taken from beneath a stone 400 feet from the entrance ; also re- 
corded from Mayfleld's Cave. Monroe County, by Banta. Described 
from Alaska, but since taken by Garman in caves near Lexington, 
Kentucky. 

545 (1728). Choleva simplex Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

184 ; ibid. II. 289. 

Oval, slightly oblong, pubescent. Head and thorax piceous, elytra pur- 
plish-brown ; antennse piceous, two basal joints paler. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, a little narrower in front, surface finely and densely punc- 
tate ; elytra scarcely wider than thorax, narrowed behind, not striate, rather 
densely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Clark and Posey counties ; scarce, May 7-May 15, 



280 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHILVE. 




Fig. 140. 



(Original.) 



546 (1729). Choleva basillakis Say, Journ. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci, III, 1823, 194; ibid. 
II, 124. 

Oblong, moderately elongate. Head and thorax pic- 
-\ eous ; elytra dark brown, paler at base, the surface 
pubescent, moderately shining. Thorax more than half 
as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, base feebly 
k curved ; elytra very little wider than the thorax, nar- 
rower behind, not densely punctured. Length 3-4 mm. 
(Fig. 140.) 

Marion, Clark and Posey counties ; scarce. 
March 25-May 21. Those from Marion County 
were taken from the nest of a shrew. 



547 (1730). Choleva clavicornis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI. 
1853, 281. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Head and thorax dark brown, or piceous ; elytra 
pale brown, pubescent. Antennae scarcely reaching hind angles of thorax, 
piceous, the apical and two basal joints paler. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, the surface rather densely punctate. Elytra oval, gradually narrowed 
to apex, not wider than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties ; scarce. March 
13-August 17. 

*548 (1732). Choleva teeminans Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 218. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous or brownish, finely pubescent. Antenna as in 
clavicornis. Thorax twice as wide at base as long; sides curved and nar- 
rowed to front ; hind angles rectangular, surface- finely and densely punctn- 
late. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowing to apex; su 
tural stria rather deeply impressed ; surface not densely punctate. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. Hibernates as imago. April 
12-Becember 5. Taken in deserted nests of mice ; also on dead 
hens and fungi. 



V. Prionoch^eta Horn. 1880. (Gr., "a saw + bristle. ") 

Here belongs a single medium-sized black species having the an- 
tenna? as long as head and thorax, the last four joints abruptly 
shorter than those preceding ; middle tarsi of male not dilated. 

549 (1734). Pkionoch^eta opaca Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825. 
184 ; ibid. II, 289. 

Oblong-oval, slightly narrower behind the middle, the thoracic and ely- 
tral margins nearly continuous. Black, feebly shining, clothed with short, 
dark brown hairs; antennae piceous, the apex and base paler. Thorax less 
tban twice as wide as long; hind angles obtuse, surface finely and densely 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



281 



punctulate. Elytra as wide and a little more than twice as long as thorax, 
rather densely punctulate, substriate near the tip, the sutural stria distinct. 
Length 5 mm. ( Fig. 139, It.) 

Throughout the State, but scarce. April 13-August 12. Usu- 
ally on fungi, but sifted from nests of rabbits in spring and beaten 
from vegetation in June. 

VI. Ptomophagus Illig. 1798. (Gr., "a corpse -r eat.") 

Small oval or slightly oblong-brownish beetles, having the eighth 
antennal joint always shorter and usually slightly narrower than 
the seventh and ninth. The surface of elytra, and often that of 
thorax, is transversely finely wrinkled instead of being punctate. 
Four species are known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE PTOMOPHAGUS. 

a. Eighth joint of antenna? very short and transverse, somewhat narrower 
than the seventh and ninth. 
b. Thorax transversely strigose or finely wrinkled ; elytra very obliquely 
strigose. (Fig. 139, c.) 550. consobpjni s. 

o&. Thorax punctate, rarely strigose near the margin. 

c. Inner spur of hind tibiae as long as the first tarsal joint; thorax 
of same color as elytra. 551. oblitus. 

cc. Inner spur of hind tibia? less than half the length of first tarsal 
joint; thorax distinctly darker than elytra. 552. pusio. 

aa. Eighth joint of antennae at least half the length of the ninth and scarce- 
ly narrower ; thorax rather densely punctate. 553. parasites. 

550 (1735). Ptomophagus consobeinus Lee. Prcc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 

VI, 1853, 281. 

Oblong-oval, somewhat wedge-shaped. Dark brown or piceous. feebly 
shining, pubescent; legs and antennae at base paler. Thorax one-third 
wider at base than long, hind angles acutely rectangular. Elytra gradually 
narrowing to near apex, the latter suddenly obliquely narrowed. Length 
2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 139, c.) 

Putnam and Posey counties: scarce. April 17-May 7. The 
fine wrinkles on the surface of both thorax and elytra show very 
prettily beneath a lens. 

551 (1740). Ptomophagus oblitus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1853. 

282. 

Resembles the next species, but differs by characters given in key and 
by its larger size. Head piceous ; thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown. 
Hind angles of thorax more obtuse and sutural striae of elytra less im- 
pressed than in pusio. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Lawrence County: scarce. June 11. Taken from carrion- 
baited traps. Known from Georgia and Florida. 



282 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHIJDiE. 



552 (1741). Ptomophagus pusio Lee, Proc. Flail. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 

282. 

Oval, slightly oblong, narrowed in front and behind the middle. Dark 
chestnut brown, head and thorax piceous, moderately shining, pubescent. 
Antennae piceous, basal joints paler, eighth much shorter than ninth. Thorax 
twice as wide as long, feebly narrowed in front, sides slightly curved, hind 
angles rectangular, surface densely punctate. Elytra as wide as thorax, 
sides feebly curved, tips obtuse; sutural stria deeply impressed, surface 
transversely strigose. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Steuben and Putnam counties; rare. April 24-May 24. One 
specimen on the former date from the deserted nest of rabbit. 

553 (1742). Ptomophagus pabasitus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1853, 282. 

Oval, narrowed behind the middle. Dark reddish- or chestnut brown, 
shining, finely pubescent ; head and disk of thorax darker. Thorax a little 
less than twice as wide at base as long, hind angles subrectangular, surface 
strigose on sides, rather densely punctate on disk. Apex of elytra obtuse, 




Fig. 141. a, Colon thoracicum Horn; b, antenna of same; c, Colon magnicolle Mann.; d, front and hind legs of 
C. hubbardi Horn, male; e, front tibiae and hind legs of C. paradoxurn Horn. 

the fine wrinkles of surface coarser, more distant and less oblique than in 
consohrinus. Length 2 mm. 

Posey and Putnam counties ; frequent in the nests of large black 
and reddish-brown ants, C amy o not us pennsylv aniens DeG-., and C. 
ferruginous Fab. March 25-May 12. 

VII. Colon Herbst. 1797. (Gr., "a joint or limb.") 

Small, oval, brownish or piceous species, narrowed behind the 
middle and having the surface punctured and finely pubescent; 
eyes nearly round, moderately prominent; antennae rarely passing 
the middle of thorax, joints 8-11, forming an oblong, rather com- 
pact club (Fig. 4, No. 3.) ; middle coxae separated, the mesosternum 
not carinate. Males with front spur of front tibiae short, stout, 
with the sides dentate or lobed, and with larger spur of middle and 
hind tibiae slender but abruptly dilated from the middle to base. 
The following species have been taken or may occur in the State : 



THE CAHKIOX BEETLES. 



283 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COLON. 

a. Hind femora of male with a long tooth en the inner margin near the 
tip; hind tibiae curved. (Fig. 141, d.) hubbardi. 
aa. Hind femora of male without trace of tooth. 

6. Hind angles of thorax distinct, sometimes acutely rectangular. 

c. Body broader in front, the elytra rather rapidly narrowing to apex. 

with feebly curved sides. 
A. Surface subopaque, densely punctured; sutural stria entire; 
larger. 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 141. c.) magnicolle. 
dd. Surface rather shining; thorax sparsely punctate; sutural stria 
evanescent near base ; smaller, not over 1.5 mm. 

554. PUSILLUM. 

cc. Body oblong-oval, not wider in front; elytra behind the humeri 
usually wider than thorax, the latter with coarse, rather deep 
punctures, with finer ones in the intervals. (Fig. 141. a and &.) 

THORACTCUM 

1)1. Hind angles of thorax obtuse or rounded. 

d. Color piceous. legs reddish-brown ; middle tibiae of male straight. 

ASPEEATUM. 

dd. Color reddish-brown ; middle tibiae of male distinctly curved. 

555. OBLONGUM. 

C. hubbardi Horn, piceous to reddish-brown in hue and 2.5 mm. 
in length, is known from Michigan and Ohio. C. magnicolle Mann., 
piceous in color, occurs in Michigan and Pennsylvania. 

554 (1752). Colon pusillum Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880. 

273. 

Oblong-oval, evidently broader in front. Dull reddish-brown, finely 
pubescent. Antennae pale, reaching middle of thorax, the last joint as long 
as preceding and obtuse. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly 
curved and narrowing to front, disk finely not densely punctate. Elytra as 
wide at base as thorax, surface rather densely and roughly punctate. 
Length 2 mm. 

Maricn. Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. April 21-May 
16. Taken by sifting debris from about the base of trees. One 
male has a minute tooth arising from the middle of hind femora 
and is to be referred to C. putum Horn, which is probably synony- 
mous. 

C. thoracic urn Horn, reddish-brown, the elytra with a central 
dark cloud, length 2.5 mm., was described from Missouri and the 
District of Columbia. C. asperatum Horn, length 2 mm., is known 
from Michigan and Illinois. 

555 ( ). Colon oblonglm sp. nov. 

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish 
hairs. Head densely and finely punctate ; antenna? reaching middle of 
thorax, the apical joint paler, not longer and slightly narrower than tenth. 



284 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHIME. 



Thorax oue-balf wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles obtusely 
rounded; disk coarsely and very densely punctate. Elytra as wide at base 
as thorax, thence feebly tapering to apex, sides nearly straight ; disk dense- 
ly, finely and rather roughly punctate. Male with three joints of front 
tarsi broadly dilated, middle tibiae strongly curved, hind ones straight. 
Length 2.5 mm. 

Clark and Posey counties ; scarce. April 21-May 6. Taken by 
sifting. 

Tribe IV. ANISOTOMINI. 

This tribe comprises species of small size, having the body oval, 
convex, sometimes capable of being contracted into a hemispherical 
ball ; front coxae conical, contiguous, prominent, with trochantin, 
the coxal cavities narrowly closed behind; hind coxse contiguous; 
abdomen with six segments. They live for the most part either in 
decomposing fungi or under the bark of dead trees. Seven genera 
are known to be represented in Indiana, while two others may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANISOTOMINI. 

a. Head without antennal grooves beneath. 

ij. Hind tarsi five-jointed ; meso sternum not carinate ; antennal club five- 
jointed. Hydnobius. 
hl>. Hind tarsi with less than five joints ; mesosternum carinate. 

c. Antennal club five-jointed ; length 2.5-4 mm. VIII. Anisotoma. 
cc. Antennal club three- jointed, elongate, loose ; smaller, not over 2 
mm. ; elytra with fine transverse wrinkles. IX. Colenis. 

aa. Head with distinctly limited antennal grooves. 
(1. Antennal club more than three-jointed. 

c. Antennal club five-jointed, elongate. (Fig. 4, No. 6.) 

f. Form broadly oval or hemispherical, convex ; frontal suture well 
marked ; tarsi unlike in the sexes, presternum short in front 
of coxae. X. Liodes. 

ff. Form oblong-elliptical, subdepressed ; frontal suture wholly lack- 
ing ; presternum long before the coxae. XL Stetholiodes. 
ee. Antennal club four-jointed ; number of tarsal joints the same in 
both sexes. XII. Cyrtusa. 

del. Antennal club three-jointed ; tarsi unlike in the sexes. 

(/. Antennae ten-jointed. Isoplastus. 
gg. Antennae eleven-jointed. 

Ji. Hind tarsi four-jointed; mesosternum not carinate between the 
middle coxae; body strongly contractile. 

XIII. Agathidium. 
lilt. Hind tarsi three-jointed ; mesosternum strongly carinate. 

XIV. Aglyptus. 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



285 



Ilydnobius substriatus Lee, piceous or dark chestnut brown, 
labrum deeply bilobed, hind femora of male with a subquadrate 
tooth, length 2-2.5 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in 
northern Indiana. 



VIII. Anisotoma Illig. 1798. 



(Gr., 



unequal + joint. ") 



Oval or oblong-oval species having the head short, not prolonged 
in front of the eyes; antennae short, 11-jointed, joints 7 to 11, form- 
ing an abrupt oblong club, the eighth very short and narrower 
than the seventh or ninth ; 
last joint of maxillary pal- 
pi longer than the third, 
cylindrical and slightly 
acuminate at tip ; front 
and middle tarsi in both 
sexes with five joints, hind 
ones with four. One spe- 
cies has been taken in In- 
diana, while three others 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISOTOMA. 






Fig. 142. a, Anisotoma valida Horn; b, hind leg of A . assim- 
ilis Lee; (a) femur of A. cenfata, male, (6) femur of A . obsolete), 
male; c, C Iambus gibbvlus Lee; (a) antenna of same. 



a. Mesosternum oblique between the middle coxae. 

6. Punctures of elytral intervals finer than those of stria 1 . 

c. Hind femora of male obtusely serrulate or crenulate ; hind tibiae 
slender and strongly curved. (Fig. 142, b.) assimilis. 
cg. Hind femora of male simple, neither dentate nor serrulate; hind 
tibia? scarcely longer or more curved than in female. 

556. PUNCTATOSTRIATA. 

Punctures of elytral intervals and striae equal in size; outer end of 
hind femora of male forming an acute hook. (Fig. 142 (a).) 

CONFERTA. 

aa. Mesosternum vertical between the coxae; elytra without subhumeral 
striae. (Fig. 142 (&).) obsoleta. 

A. assimilis Lee, piceous or dark reddish-brown, length 3.5-4 
mm., is a boreal species, ranging from New Hampshire to Michigan 
and westward. 

556 (1772). Anisotoma punctatostriata Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 
1837, 110. 

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Dull brownish-yellow, shining. Thorax 
twice as wide as long, gradually narrower from base to apex, the latter 
emarginate, base truncate; hind angles rectangular, surface sparsely and 
finely punctate. Elytra oval, surface with eight rows of coarse, closely 
placed punctures, the eighth abbreviated at base, also with a rather long 



286 FAMILY VIII. SILPHID2E. 

subhuineral row of punctures; intervals flat, shining, sparsely punctulate. 
the alternate ones with a few widely distant, coarser punctures. Length 
2.5 mm. 

Pine. Lake County, and near Clear Lake, Steuben County: 
scarce. May 2-May 25. A member of the boreal fauna. Resem- 
bles a small Pallodes pallidas, a common fungus beetle of the family 
Nitidulida?. 

A. conferta Lee. piceous. elytra paler, length 2.5 mm., is known 
from Illinois. A. obsoleta Melsh.. reddish-yellow or pale chestnut- 
brown, length 1.5-2.5 mm., is said to occur from the Atlantic to 
Colorado. 

IX. Colenis Erichs. 1832. (Gr. ? "knee.") 

- Here belongs one minute pale species having the labruni eniar- 
ginate; last joint of maxillary palpi cylindrical; antenna? 11- 
jointed, joints 9-11 forming a loose, oblong club : tarsi 5 11 in 
both sexes. 




Fig. 143. a, Colenis impunctafa Lee; b, Liodes ganinata Horn; c, Cyrtusn blandissima Zimm.; d, hind leg 
and middle tibia? of male of same; e, hind leg of C. egtna Lee, male. (After Horn.) 

557 (1781). Colenis impujstctata Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. SeL, VI. 
1853, 284. 

Broadly oval, convex, not contractile. Uniform pale reddish-brown, 
shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front, 
apex feebly emarginate. surface smooth, hind angles rectangular. Elytra 
broadly oval, nearly as wide as long ; surface finely transversely strigose. 
Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 143, a.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 22-December 7. Oc- 
curs especially in fleshy fungi on beech stumps. 

X. Liodes Latr. 1796. (Gr., "smooth.") 

Small oval or hemispherical beetles having well denned oblique 
antennal grooves on under surface of head; clypeus slightly pro- 
longed beyond the front ; labrum usually truncate ; antenna? 11- 
jointed, joints 7-11 forming an elongate loose club (Fig. 1. No. 6) ; 
tarsal joints 5-5-4 in males, 5 11 in females. They live in patches 



THE CAEEIOX BEETLES. 



287 



of powdery fungus on logs and dead trees, and are usually common 
where found. The following have been taken or probably occur in 
the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIODES. 

a. Elytra with regular rows of punctures. 

b. Ninth row of punctures marginal in the greater part of its length, 
distant from the margin at base only. 
c. Elytra strongly sinuate at sides, the ninth stria very distant from 
margin at base. 

d. Intervals of elytra distinctly punctulate. globosa. 
dd. Intervals smooth or nearly so. polita. 
cg. Elytra not sinuate at sides, the ninth stria not very distant at 
base : intervals smooth. 558. discoloe. 

bb. Ninth row of punctures distant from the margin its entire length: 
elytra not sinuate. blaxcharb-i. 
aa. Elytra with more or less confused rows of punctures. 
e. Ninth row distant from margin its entire length. 

f. Punctures of striae rather coarse, those of intervals very fine. 

559. BASALIS. 

ft. Punctures of striae fine, those of intervals quite evident. 

OBSOEETA. 

ee. Ninth stria marginal, distant from margin for a short distance at 
base only : rows of punctures much confused, forming nearly double 
stria?. (Fig. 143. b.) geminata. 

L. globosa Lee. and L. polita Lee., both pieeous black and 3-3.5 
ram. in length, have been recorded from Kentucky. 

558 (1784). Liodes discoloe Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. II. 1S44. 

103. 

Hemispherical, very little longer than vide. Piceous-black above, red- 
dish-piceous beneath, shining. Thorax without punctures, the hind angles 
rectangular. Elytra as wide as long, each with eight entire rows of rather 
coarse punctures, the ninth distant from the margin at base, but joining it 
slightly behind the middle: intervals flat, smooth, the alternate ones with 
a very few distant coarse punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

"Marion and Posey counties • scarce. June 6- August 3. 

L. blanchardi Horn, was described from Massachusetts and has 
been since recorded from Cincinnati. 

559 (1787). Liodes basalis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI, 1S53. 2S5. 
Broadly oval, convex, shining. Pieeous black : elytra with humeral 

space of varying width, extendiug from sides almost to suture, orange-red. 
Thorax minutely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra with eight entire rows 
of rather fine, much confused punctures, the rows appearing double. Length 
2.5 mm. 

Posey and Perry counties: scarce. May 1-May 20. 
[19—23402] 



288 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHIDiE. 



559a (1787a). Liodes basalis dichroa Lee, loo. Git. 

A variety of basalis which differs in having the elytra either entirely 
orange-red, or the suture and apex only, black. 

Jennings and Posey counties: scarce. May 25-July 12. 

L. obsoleta Horn and L. geminata Horn, both piceous black, the 
former 2-3 mm., the latter 3-3.5 mm. in length, are said to range 
from New England and Canada to Virginia and Illinois. 

XI. Stetholiodes Fall. 1910. (Gr., " breast + smooth. " ) 

Oblong-elliptical, subdepressed ; labrum curved in front with a 
small, shallow median notch ; presternum as long before the coxse 
as the thickness of the latter from front to back; mesosternum 
strongly oblique ; other characters nearly as in Liodes. One species 
is known. 

560 ( ). Stetholiodes laticollis Fall, Can. Ent., XLII, 1910, 4. 

Form given above. Dull reddish-yellow, shining. Antennse reaching 

hind angles of thorax, third joint as long as the three following, seventh 
larger than eighth, the latter equal to sixth, ninth to eleventh much larger. 
Thorax about twice as long as wide, a little wider than elytra, sides broad- 
ly curved and gradually narrowed from base to apex, hind angles sub- 
rectangular ; disk minutely alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. Ely- 
tra more than twice as long as thorax, each with nine regular rows of 
punctures, the outer one distant from the margin ; intervals nearly flat, 
sparsely and irregularly punctulate. Length 2.7 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss. 
The unique specimen is in the collection of Mr. Fall. 

XII. Cyrtusa Erichs. 1842. (Gr., "to curve or bend.") 

This genus is composed of very small, oval, convex forms (Fig. 
143, c), having the antennse 10- jointed, with a four-jointed club 
and with joints 4 to 6, very short, together not longer than the third. 
The front and middle tarsi in both sexes are composed of five joints, 
while the hind ones have but four. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYRTUSA. 

a. Elytra punctured over the entire surface, the rows of punctures often 
much confused. 561. picipennis. 

an. Elytral intervals smooth and shining, the rows of punctures distinct. 

562. EGENA. 

561 (1790). Cyrtusa picipennis Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 25. 
Oval, strongly convex. Uniform chestnut or dark reddish-brown, shin- 
ing. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, hind 
angles distinct but obtuse, surface rather sparsely and very finely punc- 



THE CARRION BEETLES. 



289 



tate. Elytra broadly oval, continuing the curve of the thorax ; surface 
irregularly punctate, sometimes with larger punctures forming sinuous rows 
near the sides and suture. Hind femora of male with a broad, acute tooth 
at apex. Length 1.6-2 mm. 

Starke County; rare. June 17. Larger and darker than egena, 
with the legs less thickened and the tarsi more slender. 
562 (1792). Cyrtusa egena Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1853, 284. 

Oval or subglobose, very convex. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Thorax 
more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front; surface sparsely and 
very finely punctate. Elytra each* with eight somewhat irregular rows of 
very fine punctures ; intervals flat, smooth, or rarely with a few fine punc- 
tures. Tarsi very short and much compressed. Length 1-1.5 mm. (Fig. 
143, e.) 

Marshall, Monroe and Perry counties ; scarce. May 16-June 10. 

Isoplastus fossor Horn, hemispherical or broadly oval, very con- 
vex, reddish-yellow in hue, length 1.5-2 mm., was described from 
Detroit, Michigan, and the District of Columbia. 



XIII. Agathiditjm Illig. 1798. (Gr., " good + little one.") 

Very small black or piceous shining beetles having the labrum 
short, rounded in front; antennse with joints 4-8 small, gradually 
broader, 9-11 forming an 





oblong rather loose club. 
They occur beneath bark 
or in fungi and are more 
or less contractile, some of 
them having the power to 
roll themselves into a very 
convex rounded mass, with 
the legs bent under and 
completely hidden. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while 
another probably occurs. 





Fig. 144. a, Agathidium oniscoides; b, upper, same, contracted; 
lower, A. politum_(male) contracted ;_c, Aglyptus Icevis; a, antenna 
of same. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGATHIDIUM. 



a. Mesosternum continuous on the same plane with the metasternum, mod- 
erately separating the middle coxse and subcarinate in front ; elytra 
polished, without punctures; third joint of antennae longer than sec- 
ond. 

&. Larger species ; sutural stria? very fine. 563.' oniscoides. 

1)1). Smaller species ; sutural stria? distinctly impressed. 

564. EXIGUUM. 

a a. Mesosternum vertical between the coxee, which it narrowly separates, 
not carinate in front ; hind angles of thorax broadly rounded ; body 
very convex and contractile. 



290 



FAMILY VIII. SILPHID^E. 



c. Surface very smooth, wholly piceous. 565. politum. 

cc. Elytra distinctly punctulate, each usually with two large oblique 
yellow spots. pulchbum. 

563 (1794). Agathidium oniscoides Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Anter., 1805, 160. 
Body perfectly contractile. Black or piceous, smooth and shining. Thorax 

nearly twice as wide as long, apex deeply emarginate, front angles broadly 
rounded. Elytra, viewed from above, almost circular in outline. Length, 
extended, 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 144, a and upper 6.) 

Southern half of State: frequent; less so in the northern por- 
tion. April 22-November 28. Occurs beneath bark, especially that 
of logs bearing fungus growth. 

564 (1795). Agathidium exiguum Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 103. 

Resembles a small form of the preceding. Distinguished by its smaller 
size, with the body less perfectly contractile; sutural stria distinct under 
the lens. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Posey and Marion counties ; scarce. March 17-May 6. 

*565 (1806). Agathidium politum Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, 
370. 

Oval, very convex, contractile. Color variable from reddish-brown to 
piceous, shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in 
front, apex rather deeply emarginate, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra 
oval, nearly as wide as long, sutural stria rather long, finely impressed; 
surface either smooth or, in the paler specimens, finely punctate. Length 
2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 144, lower &.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 30-December 25. Hi- 
bernates as imago. 

A. pulchrum Lee, thorax reddish-yellow with a large rounded 
discal piceous space ; length 2.5-3 mm, has been taken in Kentucky. 

XIV. Aglyptus Lec. 1866. ('Gr., 1 1 without + sculpture. ") 

In this genus the head is broad and flat, with distinct antennal 
grooves beneath ; antennae 11-jointed, the last three joints forming 
an oblong club, the terminal one broader and longer than the tenth - 
tarsi slender, the front ones dilated and 4- jointed in the male, 3- 
jointed in the female; middle and hind ones 3-jointed in both sexes. 
One very small species occurs in the eastern United States, including 
Indiana. 

566 (1809). Aglyptus lzevis Lec, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 284. 

Oval, strongly convex, very little longer than wide. Piceous, or dark 
reddish-brown, strongly shining; surface without sculpture. Thorax with 
margin and base translucent; hind angles rectangular. Length 1-1.5 mm. 
(Fig. 144, c.) 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



291 



Putnam, Monroe and Posey counties; rare. March 6-July 10. 
Taken by sifting. 

Tribe V. CLAMBINI. 

Very small oblong or globose-oval species having the hind coxaa 
contiguous with plates covering the thighs ; tarsi four-jointed, tibiae 
without spurs. Our only species of the tribe belongs to the genus : 

XV. Clambus Fischer. 1820. (Gr., ''mutilated.'') 

The members of this genus have the elytra not margined at the 
sides and without epi pleura; hind coxal plates wide; antennae 9- 
jointed, arising close to the eyes, the club 2-jointed; abdomen with 
five segments visible. Two species probably occur in the State, 
though but one has been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLAMBUS. 

a. Surface smooth, shining, without punctuation or pubescence. 

GIBBULUS. 

aa. Surface sparsely pubescent : elytra rather densely and finely punctulate 
behind the middle. 567. puberulus. 

C. gibbulus Lee, globose-oval, piceous-black, length 1 mm., is 
said to occur from Canada to Texas, but has not yet been recog- 
nized from Indiana. (Fig. 112. c.) 

567 (1813). Clambus puberulus Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1866, 26. 

Globose-oval. Piceous or dull sooty brown, finely and sparsely pubes- 
cent; elytra paler toward the tips; legs and antennae dull brownish-yellow. 
Head and thorax very finely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra more dis : 
tinctly punctulate, very sparsely on the disk, gradually more dense to the 
tips. Length 1 mm. 

Marion and Monroe counties ; scarce. April 23-October 15. 
Taken from window of cellar in which wood had been stored and 
from debris in beech stump. 

Family IX. S C YDMiEN IDiE . 

The Ant-like Stone Beetles. 

Very small, shining, oval, convex species, brownish or piceous in 
hue and usually having the upper surface rather thickly clothed 
with erect hairs. They occur beneath bark or stones in moist locali- 
ties; also often in ants' nests, and are frequently on the wing at 
twilight. From the smaller Silphida?. to which they are closely re- 
lated, they differ by having the hind cbxaa separated and the facets 



292 FAMILY IX. SCYDMiEXIDiE. 

of the eye coarser. In general form and size they resemble the 
Pselaphida?. but the elytra are always entire and the tarsi 5- instead 
of 3- jointed. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, they have the maxillary 
palpi long, the last joint very small; antennas inserted upon the 
front, at the inner margin of the eyes, gradually thickened or slight- 
ly club-shaped toward apex; prosternum not visible between the 
coxge; elytra convex, covering the abdomen, the latter with six free 
ventral segments ; front coxae conical, prominent, contiguous; middle 
ones somewhat distant ; hind ones small, conical or transverse, often 
widely separated ; tarsi 5- jointed, claws simple. Nearly 700 species 
are known, about 175 of which are from the United States. These 
are treated in the following papers : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Scydmamida? of the United States," 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. YI. 1852. 149-157, 

Casey. — -"Revision of the Scydmamida? of the United States." 
in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 351-548. 

In his Revision, Casey divided the family into two subfamilies, 
only one of which, the Scydmaminse, is represented in Indiana, The 
principal distinguishing characters given of this subfamily are as 
follows: Antennas generally distinctly clavate. usually elbowed, 
but with the basal joint short or moderate in length; hind coxae 
transverse or transversely oval ; metasternum large ; abdomen short ; 
elytra never striate or with rows of punctures. The subfamily is 
separated into ten tribes, four of which are known to be repre- 
sented in the State, while two others may be. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF SCYDMiENINiE. 

a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi awl-shaped, finely aciculate and oblique; 
antennae widely separated at base. 
It. Prosternum short and deeply sinuate before the coxae; neck short and 
abruptly constricted. 
c. Neck narrow ; eyes in front of middle of head ; scutellum wanting. 

Tribe I. Euconnini. p. 293. 
cc. Neck wide; eyes basal or sub-basal in position; scutellum always 
present. Tribe II. Scydm^enini, p. 301. 

hb. Prosternum rather long and pubescent before the coxae ; thorax ob- 
oral ; length less than .8 of a millimetre. 

Tribe III. Opresini, p. 302. 
ar/. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi obtuse, never awl-shaped, obscure or 
fused rigidly to the apex of third, sometimes wanting. 
(1. Hind coxae transverse, extending to the sides of the body; antenna? 
widely separated at base. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



298 



e. Head deeply inserted and strongly deflexed, the neck invisible ; 
eyes basal, frequently wanting ; elytra more or less rounded at 
tip; scutellum large and distinct; prosternum very short and 
deeply emarginate before the coxa?. 

Tribe IV. Cepheniini, p. 302. 
ec. Head exserted and but feebly inclined, the neck exposed and con- 
stricted ; eyes sub-basal; third palpal joint obconic; prosternum 
rather long and well developed before the coxa?. 

Tribe V. Eutheiini, p. 303. 
del, Hind coxa? oval, not reaching the sides of body; antenna? inserted 
close together at the apex of the front ; neck strongly constricted ; 
hind trochantins elongate; pygidium vertical or greatly inclined. 

Tribe VI. Eumickini, p. 303. 

Tribe I. EUCONNINI. 

The special characters of this tribe are set forth in the above 
table. Three of the six genera recognized by Casey are represented 
in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUCONNINI. 

a. Thorax with two or more fovea? near the basal margin. 

&. Third joint of maxillary palpi obconic. gradually narrowed toward 
base; antennal club three- or four-jointed. I. Euconnus. 

bb. Third joint very slender, abruptly clavate in front of middle; body 
glabrous; head large; antennal club four-jointed. 

II. Pycnophus. 

aa. Thorax without fovea?, though often more or less transversely impressed 
near base, conical in form and never narrowed at base nor carinate 
near hind angles. III. Connophron. 

I. Euconnus Thorns. 1860, (Gr., "to know well.") 

Head exserted, the eyes in front of middle ; thorax oblong, more 
or less narrowed at base and with at least two foveas or pits near 
the hind margin. Six species have been recognized from the State, 
while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUCONNUS. 

a. Antennal club four-jointed. 

6. Elytra with long, erect and very sparse hairs ; head sparsely pubes- 
cent ; clypeus separated from the front by a fine suture, 
c. Head much narrower than thorax ; secondary sexual characters of 
male on third and fourth ventral segments. 
d. Carina on side of thorax visible only at base; secondary male 
characters large and conspicuous ; piceous, the disk of elytra 
reddish. 568. clavtpes. 

dd. Carina on side of thorax long and distinct; secondary male char- 
acters feeble; black, elytra red. 569. semiruber. 



294 



FAMTLY IX. SCYDlLENIDxE. 



cc. Head almost as wide as thorax: secondary male characters con- 
fined to the sixth ventral; antennal club stronger, more abrupt 
and more bead-like. bicolor. 
bl). Elytra very pubescent; head with dense, stiff hairs directed back- 
ward; clypeo-frontal suture absent; antennae with a short abrupt 
club, the eighth and ninth joints subequal in width. 
c. Larger, 1.6 mm. ; elytra not concave toward base ; eighth antennal 
joint as large as ninth. 570. occultus. 

ee. Smaller, not over 1.2 mm. ; eighth antennal joint distinctly smaller 
than ninth. 571. similis. 

aa. Antennal club 3- jointed. 

f. Head and elytra glabrous ; thorax with four basal foveas; antenna? 
long and slender, the joints all longer than wide. 

572. SALINATOB. 

ff. Head and elytra distinctly but sparsely pubescent; thorax with a 
well defined carina each side extending obliquely to base ; antennal 
club darker in color than the stem. 
g. Eighth antennal joint fully as long as wide; elytra not inflated. 

573. fatutts. 

gg. Eighth joint distinctly wider than long, the club stouter. debilis. 

568 (1838). Euconnus clavipes Say, Long's Sec. Exped., II, 1824, 272; 

ibid. I, 179. 

Oval, feebly inflated. Head black ; thorax and under surface piceous ; 
elytra dark reddish-brown, shining, the sides and tips blackish; antennae 
and legs reddish-brown. Antennas slender, three-fifths as long as body, the 
last four joints longer than wide and one-half thicker than those of stem. 
Thorax as long as wide, narrowed at base, broadly rounded in front, the 
foveas deep, distinct. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, each with a small 
deep fovea at middle of base and a rather strong humeral fold. Four front 
femora strongly club-shaped. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lake. Marshall and Crawford counties : frequent in Lake, scarce 
in the others. March 26-May 28. The fourth and fifth ventral 
segments of males each bear a short, thick discal plate, subdentate 
on sides. 

569 ( ). Euconnus semibuber Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 

368. 

Oval, rather robust. Black, shining, not punctate; elytra dull red; 
antenna? and legs reddish-piceous. Head not quite as long as wide; an- 
tennas slender, half the length of body, the club loosely formed, its joints 
gradually larger. Thorax as long as wide, feebly narrowed at base; trans- 
verse impression distinct, the foveas minute. Elytra two-fifths longer than 
wide, twice as wide as thorax ; humeral fold long and strong ; subhumeral 
impression long~ wide and deep. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. December 1. Taken in nest of ants 
from beneath beech log. Described from northern and central 
Illinois. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



295 



570 ( ). Euconnus occultus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 

372. 

Rather narrow, feebly inflated. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining. 
Head wider than long, broadly rounded at base. Antennae one-half the 
length of body, the club abrupt, its joints wider than long. Thorax as long 
as wide, but slightly wider than head, sides rounded in front, sinuate be- 
hind; disk sparsely clothed with suberect hairs and with two foveae each 
side near base, the outer one very small. Elytra one-half longer than wide, 
each with a humeral fold, and a fovea near middle of base ; disk minutely 
and sparsely punctate and rather thickly clothed with yellowish suberect 
hairs. Length 1.6 mm. 

Marshall, Putnam and Marion counties; scarce. May 20-No- 
vember 30. Taken by sifting decaying vegetable debris. 

571 ( ). Euconnus similis sp. nov. 

Shorter and more robust than occultus. Rather dark reddish-brown, 
shining ; antennae and legs paler. Head almost as wide as thorax, its sides 
with dense, bristle-like hairs directed backward. Antennae short, stout, 
slightly longer than head and thorax, the joints bead-like, eighth to tenth 
rounded, less transverse than in occultus; eighth two-thirds the size of 
ninth, which is equal to tenth ; eleventh one-half longer. Thorax as long 
as wide, sides nearly straight, disk sparsely pubescent and with a deep, 
transverse impression at base; this, with a rather large fovea each side 
near the hind angles. Elytra ovate, together one-half wider and twice as 
long as thorax; humeral fold short, feeble; basal foveae small, shallow; 
surface sparsely clothed with fine yellowish pubescence. Length 1.2 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 17. 

572 (1841). Euconnus salinatok Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI. 

1852, 154. 

Rather robust. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra with a dark reddish 
tinge ; antennae black, reddish-brown at base. Head nearly as long as wide ; 
occiput with a bristle-bearing puncture each side. Antennae with joints 
3-7 equal, eighth one-half longer, ninth and tenth slightly longer and one- 
half thicker than eighth. Thorax as long as wide, but slightly wider than 
head ; disk clothed with erect black hairs and with four foveae at base, the 
inner two the larger. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, two-thirds wider 
than thorax ; without humeral fold, but each with a deep fovea at middle 
of base. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties; scarce. March 26-April 27. 

573 (1842). Euconnus fatuus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., YI, 1852. 

155. 

Rather stout, feebly inflated. Piceous-black, shining, finely and sparse- 
ly pubescent ; legs and antennae dull brownish-yellow, the club darker. Head 
rounded, not quite as long as wide; nearly as wide as thorax. Antennae 
slender, slightly longer than head and thorax; club abrupt and parallel, 
the ninth and tenth joints nearly twice as wide as eighth. Thorax not 
quite as long as wide, sides rounded; disk with a transverse basal impres- 



296 



FAMILY IX. SCYDMiENIDiE. 



sion marked with four small fovea?. Elytra nearly three-fourths wider than 
thorax; the humeral folds rather long and strongly marked, each with a 
deep fovea at base. Length 1 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; scarce. June 24. Sifted from moss in tam- 
arack swamp. 

E. debilis Casey, deep black, length .7 mm. was described from 
Detroit. 

II. Pycnophus Casey. 1897. (Gr. "compact") 

Head large, truncate at base; neck strongly constricted; an- 
tennae widely separated at base; third joint of maxillary palpi 
long, the basal half forming a long and slender peduncle. 

574 (1834). Pycnophus rasus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852, 
153. 

Rather stout. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining, nearly glabrous. 
Head wider than long, wider than apex of thorax. Antennas longer than 
head and thorax, the joints of club gradually increasing in size. Thorax 
slightly longer than wide, sides parallel from base to middle, thence con- 
verging to apex ; disk somewhat flattened and with a small but deep fovea 
near each hind angle. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, sides broadly and 
evenly curved; humeral fold short and broad, basal foveas small and deep. 
Length 1.6-1.8 mm. 

Lake, Starke, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. May 20- 
December 30. Occurs in nests of ants and beneath logs in sandy 
places. 

III. Connophron Casey. 1897. 

A large genus of closely allied species having the thorax coni- 
cal, without basal foveas ; body rather stout and inflated ; head mod- 
erate in size, convex; eyes placed in front of middle; maxillary 
palpi with third joint elongate and obconic, the fourth small, slen- 
der and aciculate; femora, especially the front and middle ones, 
usually strongly club-shaped. Casey has listed 82 species, of which 
the following have been taken or may occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CONNOPHKON. 

a. Basal joint of hind tarsi not or scarcely longer than second, the first 
four joints being subequal ; hind tibiae of male rarely with a spur at 
apex. 

&. Antenna 1 club 4- jointed, often gradually formed. 

c. Clypeus toothed at middle of apical margin, the tooth sometimes 
minute ; length more than 1 mm. 
d. Elytral pubescence long, erect and generally fine. 
c. Clypeal tooth large or moderate and distinct. 
f. Species more than 1.5 mm. in length. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



297 



g. Elytra strongly impressed each side of suture near base. 
h. Elytra long, rather acutely pointed behind, fully one- 
half longer than wide ; blackish-piceous in color ; length 
2 mm. longipenne. 
hli. Elytra shorter, more obtuse at apex, less than one-half 
longer than wide, dull red, clouded with blackish be- 
hind ; length 1.9 mm. 575. forma le. 
gg. Elytra feebly or not at all impressed on basal half ; black, 
tibiae paler, tarsi yellowish. 576. flavitarse. 
ff. Species less than 1.3 mm. in length; thorax shorter than 
wide, with sides straight ; piceous black, the elytra paler. 

DENTIGER. 

ee. Clypeal tooth very minute. 

i. Suture not at all elevated or beaded toward base, the sub- 

sutural impressions obsolete; black, elytra red, blackish 
toward tips. 577. fossiger. 

ii. Suture more or less beaded toward base, the impressions 

long and distinct ; body black throughout. femorale. 
eld. Elytral pubescence coarse, shorter and recurved. 

f. Antennae stout, not longer than head and thorax, strongly cla- 
vate, the next to last joints very transverse. 
k. Larger, 1.4-1.6 mm. ; basal foveae of elytra strong, the outer 
large. 578. clavicorne. 

kk. Smaller, not over 1.2 mm. ; basal fovese small and feeble; an- 
tennal club more nearly 3-jointed. 579. abducens. 

jj. Antenna? rather slender, much longer than head and thorax, 
the next to last joints fully as long as wide; body narrowly 
oval, pale dull yellow throughout. furtivum. 
cc. Clypeus without trace of median tooth. 

I. Thorax without distinct transverse impression at base; elytral 

suture beaded toward base, the pubescence long, even and sub- 
erect ; color black. 580. integrum. 

II. Thorax with a distinct interrupted impression near base. 

m. Body more inflated; elytra always distinctly more than one- 
half wider than thorax, the suture with a broad bead which 
is broadly expanded at base; blackish-piceous, elytra dark 
reddish-yellow. innocuum. 
mm. Body narrow and elongate, but convex ; elytra almost one-half 
wider than thorax, the latter with transverse impression 
strong ; head large, nearly as wide as thorax. 

581. clavatum. 
Antennal club 3-jointed. abrupt ; length not over 1 mm. 
n. Clypeal tooth well developed, narrow and acute ; antennae stouter ; 
color dull brownish-yellow. 582. debilitans. 

nn. Clypeal tooth very minute, short and obtuse; antennal funicle 
much more slender; hind body narrowly oval; pale chestnut 
brown. 583. fulvum. 

. Basal joint of hind tarsi elongate, always distinctly longer than sec- 
ond, joints one to four decreasing rapidly in length ; hind tibia? of 
male with a slender terminal spur. 



298 



FAMILY IX. SOYDMiENIDiE. 



o. Larger, 1.3 or more in length. 
p. Color piceous or paler, the elytra generally reddish or dull yellow. 
q. Length 1.6 mm. ; elytra with subhumeral impressions large, deep 
and conspicuous ; dark reddish-brown ; elytra paler red. 

584. CAPILLOSULUM. 

qq. Smaller, 1.3 mm. ; thorax small, not much over one-half as wide 
as elytra, strongly impressed near base ; color piceous. 

POLITUM. 

pp. Black throughout, elytra with at most a faint piceous tinge; legs 
pale dull yellow, thorax more than half as wide as elytra. 

NIGRUM. 

oo. Smaller, not over .9 of one mm. in length ; basal joint of hind tarsi 
not as long as the next two combined ; color piceous black, the ely- 
tra pale reddish-brown. pumilum. 

C. longipenne and G. dentiger were both described by Casey 
from Iowa. 

575 ( ). Connophron formale Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897, 

402. 

Elongate-oval, rather stout. Piceous-black ; elytra dark red, blackish 
behind, thickly clothed with long bristling hairs ; abdomen pale at apex ; 
legs and antennae dark reddish-brown. Head slightly wider than long, clyp- 
eal tooth distinct, triangular. Antenna? one-half as long as body, club grad- 
ually formed, the ninth joint but slightly longer than wide. Thorax as 
wide at base as long, sides feebly curved, base one-fourth wider than head. 
Elytra twice as long and nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold and 
subhumeral impression well developed, basal fovea? feeble ; subsutural im- 
pressions distinct. Length 1.9 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 20-October 21. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and rubbish. Resembles fossiger but longer and 
with the joints of antenna! club more gradually thickened. 

576 (1826). Connophron fiavitarse Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 152. 

Elongate-oval, rather stout. Black, shining ; elytra dull red except near 
tips and thickly clothed with long fine hairs ; legs reddish-piceous, tarsi pale 
yellow. Head much wider than long, the clypeal tooth broadly triangular. 
Antennae less than half as long as body, the joints of club gradually increas- 
ing in thickness. Thorax conical, not longer than wide, the base one-fourth 
wider than head. Elytra one-half longer than wide, humeral fold strong, of 
moderate length, suture finely elevated toward base, the basal fovea dis- 
tinct. Length 1.8 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 21-November 28. 

*577 (1827). Connophron fossiger Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 
- 1852, 152. 

Rather stout, fusiform. Black; elytra reddish, blackish toward tips, 
thickly clothed with long pale hairs; legs and antennae reddish-brown, the 
femora blackish. Head wider than long, clypeal tooth small, triangular. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



299 



Antennae half the length of body, the club abrupt, its joints increasing 
feebly in thickness, eighth a little longer than wide, as long as tenth but 
narrower. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the base nearly twice as wide 
as apex, and one-third wider than head. Elytra one-half longer than wide, 
three-fourths wider than thorax, each with two small fovea- at base ; sides 
evenly curved, humeral fold and subhumeral impression strong. Length 
1.6 mm. 

Starke, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. January 6- June 27. 
Occurs beneath chips and rubbish,, especially in low, sandy, open 
woods. 

C. f morale Casey, 1.5 mm. in length was described from Iowa 
and Michigan. 

57S ( ). Connopheon ciavicorne Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 

1897, 417. 

Rather stout, suboval. Uniform pale chestnut brown, polished ; pubes- 
cence abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous, that on elytra rather short 
and suberect. Head semicircular behind the eyes; clypeal tooth elongate 
and slender. Antenna stout, shorter than head and thorax, the club large 
and as long as the other joints together. Thorax conical, slightly wider 
than long, sides nearly straight, apex more than half as wide as base. Ely- 
tra oval, widest near middle ; four-fifths wider than thorax ; humeral fold 
short but distinct ; outer fovea- strong, subsutural impression faint. Length 
1.4—1.6 mm. 

"Wayne County; scarce. May 26. Occurs in nests of ants and 
beneath logs. 

579 ( ). Connopheon abducens Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897, 

418. 

Narrowly suboval. Uniform pale reddish-brown; legs and antenna? 
paler ; pubescence of elytra coarse, stiff and recurved. Head rather small, 
rounded behind the eyes; clypeal tooth rounded at tip. Antennae short 
and stout, club almost three-jointed, the eighth joint only one-third thicker 
than seventh; ninth and tenth abruptly much wider and strongly trans- 
verse. Thorax small, strongly conic; slightly wider than long; apex one- 
half as wide as base. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, three-fourths 
wider than thorax; humeral fold and usual impression almost obsolete; 
basal fovea? small, subequal. Length 1.2 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss. 
C. furiivum, length 1.4 mm., and C. innocuum, length 1 mm., 
were both described by Casey from Illinois, the former from the 
northern, the latter from the central portion of the State. 

580 ( ). Connopheon integrum Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897, 

425. 

Short, rather stout. Black, shining ; elytra often with a feeble piceous 
tinge, thickly clothed with rather long, suberect pale hairs; legs and an- 
tenna? dark reddish-brown. Head wider than long, circularly rounded. An- 



300 



FAMILY IX. SOYDM/EN1D/E. 



tenure, long, slender, more than one-half the length of body, the club slender 
and gradually formed ; eighth joint only one-third wider than seventh ; ninth 
and tenth one-fifth wider than eighth. Thorax scarcely as long as wide, 
sides distinctly curved, apex three-fifths as wide as base. Elytra three- 
fourths wider than thorax, humeral fold long and strong, subhumeral im- 
pressions large and deep, basal foveas large. Length 1.2 mm. 

Lake, Starke, Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent. 
April 17-June 17. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. The 
front femora are very much enlarged. 

581 (1836). Connophron clavatum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI. 

1852, 153. 

Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-yellow ; head and thorax darker than 
elytra, the latter rather thickly clothed with short, pale, recurved hairs; 
antennas and legs paler. Head large, as wide as thorax. Antennas as long 
as head and thorax, slender, the club somewhat abrupt, the eighth joint 
one-half wider than seventh, ninth and tenth subequal and one-fourth wider 
than eighth. Thorax as long as wide, sides curved, converging in front, 
apex three-fourths as wide as base; disk with deep, transverse sub-basal 
impression. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, sides broadly curved, hu- 
meral fold small, the inner basal fovea only distinct. Length 1.2 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 24. One specimen in Dury col- 
lection. 

582 (• — — ). Connopheon debilttans Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII. 

1897, 446. 

Rather narrowly oval. Pale chestnut brown, shining ; elytra more red- 
dish, dusky toward tips, rather thickly clothed with short, coarse, pale 
hairs ; legs pale yellow. Antennas stout, as long as head and thorax, club 
abruptly 3-jointed. Thorax as long as wide, sides nearly straight, apex 
three-fifths as wide as base. Elytra three-fourths wider than thorax, hu- 
meral fold short and feeble ; inner fovea distinct, outer one obsolete. Lengtli 
1 mm. 

Kosciusko, Putnam and Monroe counties; scarce. April 22- 
June 20. Taken by sifting. 

583 (1845). Connopheon fulvum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1S52, 155. 

Narrowly suboval. Pale chestnut brown, shining; legs and antennas 
paler; elytra with numerous short, recurved pale hairs. Antennas as long 
as head and thorax, club abrupt and 3-jointed, ninth and tenth joints equal 
and globular, eleventh one-half longer. Thorax as long as wide, sides 
feebly curved ; base one-third wider than head. Elytra oval, one-half wider 
than thorax, humeral fold very small, basal foveas obsolete. Length .8-9 mm. 

Marion County; rare. December 1. Taken from nest of ants 
in low, open woods. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



301 



584 (1827). Connophbon capillosulum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 
VI, 1852, 152. 

Rather stout and inflated. Dark reddish-brown ; elytra paler and brighter 
red, thickly clothed with long, erect, pale hairs; legs paler. Antennae dull 
yellow, long and slender, the club rather abrupt. Thorax slightly wider 
than long, sides feebly curved, disk with a distinct sub-basal impression, 
interrupted at middle. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold 
long and strong,* subhumeral impression large and conspicuous, inner fovea 
distinct. Length 1.6 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 17-April 22. 

C. politum Say has been taken in northern Illinois ; G. nigrum 
Casey was described from Michigan and C. pumilum Casey from 
New York, Canada and Iowa. 

In addition to those described, there are in the collection at hand 
about eight species of Connophron which I have not been able to 
identify with Casey's key. Since his collection of types is inac- 
cessible for reference, they are for the present left unnamed. 

Tribe II. SCyDM^NINL 

As at present restricted this tribe is represented in the United 
States by only two genera, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

IV. Scydm^nus Latr. 1802, (Gr., "sacU colored. ") 

The members of this genus are distinguished from those of the 
preceding tribe by the smaller thorax, .which is more dilated in 
front, narrowed toivard base, the sides sinuate behind the middle ; 
more elliptical and convex elytra; wider neck; antennae enlarged 
toward apex but never with distinct club ; scutellum usually dis- 
tinct; legs long and well developed, the femora, especially the front 
ones, distinctly elavate. But one species has been taken in the 
State, though two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCYDM.EXUS. 

a. Head not impressed: thorax with four sub-basal foveas; scutellum dis- 
tinct. 

I. Elytra feebly inflated and strongly but gradually narrowed behind; 

body black. peeforatus. 
b~b. Elytra strongly inflated, less narrowed behind; piceous. the elytra 
paler. . 5S5. badius. 

aa. Head with two impressions on vertex; thorax with six sub-basal fovece; 
scutellum very minute; length less than 1 mm. coEPUscunrM. 

8. perforatus Schaumm. length 1-1.2 mm., ranges from Massa- 
chusetts to Iowa. 



302 



FAMILY IX. SOYDMiENIDiE. 



585 ( ). Scydm^nus badius Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897, 

475. 

Oval, rather strongly inflated. Piceous, shining; elytra reddish-brown, 
sparsely clothed with rather long, yellowish recurved hairs ; antennae and 
legs pale reddish-brown. Head much wider than long ; eyes prominent. An- 
tennae a little less than half the length of body, the joints somewhat bead- 
like, the outer ones gradually enlarged. Thorax as long as wide, one-fourth 
wider than head, dilated and narrowly rounded at apical* third, the sides 
thence converging and broadly sinuate to base, the fovese small but distinct. 
Elytra four-fifths wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely but dis- 
tinctly punctate; inner basal fovea large. Length 1.1-1.3 mm. 

Wayne County; scarce. May 26. 

8. corpus culum, Casey is known from Canada and Pennsylvania. 

Tribe III. OPRESINI. 

Very minute species, chiefly distinguished by the long prester- 
num in front of the coxae. To the tribe Casey has ascribed three 
genera. Of these Opresus, having the eyes median, thorax im- 
pressed at base and scutellum invisible, is represented by three 
known, species, each less than .7 of one mm. in length, which occur 
from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Delias, differing in having the 
scutellum distinct and the elytral suture elevated, is also repre- 
sented by a single species of the same size in Pennsylvania; while 
Neladius, having the eyes in front of middle, thorax not impressed 
at base and scutellum distinct, is also known by one species from 
Pennsylvania. 

Tribe IV. CEPHENIINI. 

Represented by the single genus : 

V. Cephennium Muller. 1822. (Gr., "red or purple color.") 

Small convex species having the head triangular and strongly 
deflexed, but slightly visible from above; antennae widely sepa- 
rated, their clubs 3-jointed, the joints increasing rapidly in thick- 
ness; thorax with a feeble fovea near each hind angle; scutellum 
distinct. 

586 (1855). Cephennium corpokosum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 150. 

Oblong-oval, rather robust, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown, shin- 
ing, sparsely clothed with rather short, yellowish recurved hairs ; antennae 
and legs paler, the~ former one-half the leugth of body. Thorax nearly twice 
as wide as long, sides broadly curved ; disk convex, with a broad shallow 
fovea near each hind angle. Elytra together not longer than wide, not 
wider than thorax, finely and very sparsely punctate ; each with a narrow, 
deep impressed line on basal third just within the humerus and a deep basal 
fovea near suture. Length 1 mm. 



THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 



303 



Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 17-April 22. 
Sifted from damp vegetable debris, 

Tribe V. EUTHBIINI. 

This tribe, as characterized in the key, is represented by three 
genera. No species of the tribe has as yet been noted in Indiana, 
though all of the genera may occur. 

KEY TO GENERA OF EUTHEIINI. 

a. Hind coxae widely separated ; length 1-1.5 mm. 

6. Mesosternum broad and flat; antennae only moderately enlarged at 
tips. Eutheia. 
hi). Mesosternum strongly carinate ; last antennal joint much enlarged. 

Veraphis. 

aa. Hind coxae very moderately separated ; length less than .7 mm. 

Euthiodes. 

Veraphis cristata Brend., black, shining, head with a short 
carina, length 1.2 mm., was described from Pennsylvania. Euthi- 
odes latus Brend.. brownish-yellow, length .7 mm., is known from 
Iowa. 

Tribe VI. EUMICRINI. 
This tribe, as denned in the key, is composed of three genera, 
two of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUMICRINI. 

a. First joint of hind tarsi only moderately elongate ; scutellum visible 
but minute; body stouter. VI. Eumicrus. 

aa. First joint of hind tarsi fully as long as the next two combined; scu- 
tellum wholly wanting ; body smaller and more slender. 

VII. Acholerops. 

VI. Eumicrus Lap. 1840. (Gr., ''good + small.") 

Stout convex species having the head large and thick; eyes lo- 
cated in front of middle ; neck strongly constricted ; antennae rather 
long, funicle capable of being reflexed into the excavated apex of 
basal joint, club 3- jointed; thorax usually with two small fovea? 
each side near base; femora strongly and abruptly clavate. One 
species has been taken, while three others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUMICRUS. 

a. Front broad and feebly prominent between the antenna? ; elytra distinct- 
ly impressed at base, their pubescence rather dense, moderately long 
and recurved. 

&. Larger, 2.5 mm. ; elytra broadly oval, two-fifths longer than wide ; 
thorax densely punctured toward base. grossus. 

[20—23402] 



304 



FAMILY IX. SCYDMiENID^E. 



hi). Smaller, not over 1.7 mm.; femora abruptly clavate; thorax not 
longer than wide and subglobular ; body stout ; antennae with a 
strong and gradually formed club. 587. motschulskii. 

aa. Front strongly prolonged between the antennse; elytra not at all im- 
pressed at base, their pubescence long, sparse, erect and bristling. 
c. Hind femora not dentate on outer side ; thorax not quite as long as 
wide ; color pale brownish-yellow. ocheeatus. 
cc. Hind femora dentate on outer side near the trochanters ; color pale 
reddish-brown. crubaus. 

E. grossus Lee, dark chestnut brown, is a southern species which 
has been taken near Cincinnati. 

587 (1850). Eumicrus motschulskii Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863,26. 

Rather stout ; suboval, strongly convex. Dark chest- 
nut brown, rather thickly clothed with recurved yel- 
lowish hairs; legs slightly paler. Antennae three-fifths 
as long as body, ninth joint as long and twice as wide 
as the two preceding united; tenth still wider; eleventh 
as long as ninth and tenth together. Thorax ovate, con- 
vex, widest and rounded in front of middle ; disk with- 
out punctures, but with two distinct fovese each side near 
base. Elytra short, broad, very convex, not quite twice 
as long as and about three-fifths wider than thorax; 
sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 1.7 mm. (Fig. 

Fig. 145. X 16. 

(Original.) 14 °- ) 

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 10-October 31. Forty 
or more specimens were sifted from decaying woody fungi on a 
maple log near Broad Ripple on the latter date. 

E. ochreatus, and E. cruralis, each 2 mm. in length, were both 
described by Casey from Central Illinois. 

VII. Acholerops Casey. 1897. 

Narrow-bodied species having the sub -basal foveas of thorax very 
faint; scutellum wholly wanting. One of the two recognized spe- 
cies occurs in the State. 

588 (1854). Acholerops zimmeemanni Schaum., Analecta Entom., 1841, 26. 
Narrowly suboval, strongly convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown, shin- 
ing. Head wider than long ; eyes placed in front of middle. Antennae one- 
half as long as body, club gradually and feebly thickened, ninth joint ob- 
conic, as long and two-thirds as thick as the two preceding united, tenth 
slightly wider, eleventh still thicker but not as long as ninth and tenth 
together. Thorax longer than wide, widest and more rounded at apical 
third, the sides thence oblique and straight to base; disk rather coarsely, 




THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 305 

closely and rugosely punctured near base. Elytra one-half longer than wide, 
two-thirds wider than thorax, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, and 
sparsely clothed with short, stiff recurved hairs. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. October 16. Taken from nest of red 
ants beneath decaying log. 

Family X. PSELAPHIDJE. 
The Ant-loving Beetles. 

Very small chestnut-brown, dull yellow 7 or piceous species, not 
exceeding 3.5 mm. in length, having the body usually slightly pu- 
bescent, head and thorax mostly narrower than elytra and abdo- 
men ; elytra short, truncate ; abdomen convex, obtuse at tip and 
with, half its length exposed above. They live for the most part 
beneath bark and stones, where they feed upon Acarina and other 
minute animal forms. Others excrete from small tufts of hairs a 
substance of which ants are very fond, and they are therefore toler- 
ated in numbers in the nests of these insects. They are even said 
to be fed by the ants and to ride about on the backs of their hosts 
when so inclined. 

The name of the family is from that of the typical genus, Pse 
laplius, meaning "I feel my way," in allusion to the greatly de- 
veloped palpi or "feelers," the maxillary palpi being usually 4- 
jointed, greatly developed and of a variety of remarkable forms. 

In addition to the characters mentioned the Pselaphidae have 
the mandibles usually broad and short, with the tips curved and 
acute; antennas usually clavate, rarely bead-like, the number of 
joints variable, but usually eleven ; eyes with coarse facets, some- 
times wanting; presternum almost obsolete between the front coxae, 
which are conical, prominent, contiguous, the cavities open behind; 
middle coxae rounded, contiguous ; hind ones narrow, transverse, 
usually separated; metasternum very broad, its sidepieces simple; 
legs long, femora often club-shaped; tibiae slender and wuthout 
spurs; tarsi usually 3- (rarely 2-) jointed; claws simple. 

Nearly 2,500 species of Pselaphidae are known, about 275 of 
which are from North America. The more important papers treat- 
ing of these are as follows : 

LeConte. — "On the Pselaphidae of the United States," in Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 64-110. 

Brendel, E. — "Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Fam- 
ily Pselaphidae," in Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI. 1866. 31-38. 



306 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDiE. 



Brendel and Wickham. — "The'PselaphidsB of North America, 

in Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, I, 1890, 216-304; II, 

1891, 1-84, pis. VI-XII. 
Casey. — " Coleopterological Notices, V and VII," in Ann. N. Y. 

Acad. Nat. Sci, VII, 1893, 433-509; IX, 1897, 550-630. 
Casey. — "Remarks on Some New Pselaphidse, " in Can. Ent., 

XL, 1908, 257-281. 
The family is divided into two subfamilies, and these in turn 
into tribes and genera. 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PSELAPHIDyE. 

a. Antennae 2-jointed (Fig. 4, No. 10, and Fig. 146, 6) ; front coxae con- 
tiguous, hind ones distant. Subfamily I. Clavigerin^e, p. 306. 
aa. Antennae 11-jointed (Fig. 146, a), rarely 10- jointed. 

Subfamily II. Pselaphin^, p. 308. 

Subfamily I. C L A VIGERI N AE. 

The members of this subfamily have the head narrow; palpi 
rudimentary, of but one joint ; three basal dorsal segments of abdo- 
men firmly united and deeply excavated, forming a cavity on the 
sides of which are tufts of hairs ; first and second tarsal joints very 
short ; third long, with a single claw. The species live solitary in 
ants' nests and the construction and smallness of the mouth is such 
that their nourishment is supposed to be liquid in form. The ants 
caress the tufts of hairs on the abdomen of the beetle with their an- 
tennae, causing the exudation of a fluid, which they greedily swal- 
low. Two genera comprise the subfamily, both of which are repre- 
sented in the State. 

KEY TO GENERA OF CIAVIGERIN./E. 

a. Eyes wanting. I. Adkanes. 

aa. Eyes present. II- Fustiger. 

I. Adranes Lec. 1849. (Gr., "imbecile.") 

Of this genus only two species are known. One of these has 
been taken in the State, while the other probably occurs. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF ADRANES. 

a. Thorax, when viewed from above, conical; head cylindrical; length 
1.8 mm. ccecus. 
aa. Thorax bell-shaped ; head obconical ; length 2.5 mm. 589. lecontei. 

A. coecus Lec, orange-yellow, elytra with regular rows of short 
recumbent, stiff hairs, is known from Pennsylvania, Georgia and Il- 
linois. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



307 



589 (1863). Adeanes lecontei Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, 1865, 255. 

Brownish-yellow ; pubescence fine, in regular rows. Head twice as long 
as broad ; vertex with two shallow longitudinal impressions. Last antennal 
joint as long as head, slightly curved, squarely truncate, narrower at its 
outer end. (Fig. 4, No. 10.) Thorax bell-shaped, slightly longer than head, 
base twice as wide as neck ; disk with an obtuse tubercle behind the middle 
and a shallow fovea each side near base. Elytra triangular, at base scarce- 
ly wider than thorax, thence rapidly widening to the truncate apex. Ab- 
domen much wider than elytra, the first dorsal segment very large, broadly 
and deeply concave, its margin curved and convolute near base. Length 
2.5 mm. (Fig. 146, &.) 

Posey County; rare. August 3. Taken from nest of the ant, 
Lasius niger americanus Emery. 

II. Fustiger Lec. 1866. 

Eyes present but very small, having only eight facets each ; an- 
tennas with the basal joint small, quadrate; second joint as long as 
head, gradually broader to apex, which is three times as wide as 
base. 




Fig. 146. a, Chennium monilicorne; b, Adranes lecontei; c, Fustiger fuchsii; d, Tyrus humeralis. All 
highly magnified. (After Brendel.) 

590 (1864). Fustigek fuchsii Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, 1866, 190. 

Dark brownish-yellow, translucent. Head flattened above and, like the 
thorax, marked with a network of large shallow impressions. Thorax sub- 
globular, equal to the head in length, sides rounded, base and apex trun- 
cate. Elytra at base as wide as thorax, thence gradually widening to apex, 
disk sparsely and very finely pubescent and behind the middle sloping down- 
ward to the deep transverse abdominal fovea. Abdomen convex, broader 
than elytra, the basal segment very large, longer than wide. Length 1.7 mm. 
(Fig. 146, c.) 

Crawford County; scarce. May 17-August 15. Taken from 
ants' nests beneath stones on slopes of high hills near Wyandotte 
Cave. 



308 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



Subfamily II. PSELAPH NAE. 

In this subfamily the abdominal segments are all separate and 
the antennae have 11 (10 in certain species of Bryaxis) joints. 
Three tribes comprise the subfamily, all of which are represented 
in the State. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF PSELAPHIX.E. 

a. Antennas approximate at base,, inserted beneath prominent horizontal 
contiguous tubercles. Tribe I. Pselaphini, p. 308. 

aa. Antennas distant, inserted on the sides of the head beneath short, de- 
flexed tubercles. 
6. Hind coxae widely separated, transverse, not prominent. 

Tribe II. Bkachyglctixi. p. 315. 
66. Hind coxae approximate or contiguous, conical and prominent. 

Tribe III. Euplectixi. p. 328. 

Tribe I. PSELAPHINI. 

Our species of this tribe are always narrowed in front, much 
broader behind and have the abdomen strongly margined and the 
hind coxa? widely separated. The following genera are probably 
represented in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PSELAPHIXI. 

a. Tarsi with two equal claws. 

6. Antenna? moniliform or bead-like, without a distinct club. 

c. Maxillary palpi very small, the basal joints hidden, the last two 
united to form a globular club. Chexxtcm. 
cc. Maxillary palpi with the last two joints very transverse, fusiform 
and compressed. III. Ceophyllus. 

7)7;. Antenna? clavate, the last joint usually gradually larger. 

(J. Last three joints of maxillary palpi bearing bristle-like appendages 
on the sides. 

e. Appendages of last three joints of maxillary palpi short, the 

joints triangular ; abdomen carinate. IV. Tmestphortjs. 

ee. Appendages very long, the last three joints oval-transverse. 

V. PlLOPITJS. 

del. Maxillary palpi without appendages on the sides. 

f. Last two joints of maxillary palpi lunate, or half-moon shaped. 

the terminal one longer. VI. Cedtus. 

ff. Last two joints not lunate. 

g. Last three joints of antenna? forming a club : last joint of max- 
illary palpi elongate and with a terminal bristle. 

VII. Tyrus. 

gg. Last joint of antenna? very large, rounded : last joint of palpi 
cylindrical, rounded at tip. VIII. Hamotus. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



309 



aa. Tarsi with a single claw ; maxillary palpi very long. 

h. Last joint of maxillary palpi club-shaped, very long, third small, 
globular. Pselaphus. 
hh. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, hatchet-shaped, third triangular. 

IX. Tychus. 

Chennium monilicorne Lec, reddish-brown, thorax as long as 
wide, pubescence short, dense, appressed, length 2.8 mm.,, has been 
taken near Cincinnati and probably occurs in the hilly regions of 
southern Indiana, (Fig. 146, a.) 



ILL Ceophyllus Lec. 1849. (Gr., "I hide + a leal") 

Antennal tubercles wider than long, contiguous; pubescence 
short, fine, appressed ; front femora each with three strong spines 
near the base. One species is known. 




Fig. 147. a, Ceophyllus monilis;. b, Tmesiphorus costalis; c, Hamotus batrisioides. All highly magnified. 

(After Brendel and Wickham.) 

*591 (1866) . Ceophyllus monilis Lec, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 73. 

Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown, not punctate. Head as long and three- 
fourths as wide as thorax. Antennae stout, half the length of body, male 
with second joint two-thirds the length of first, third and fourth equal, 
wider than second ; fifth to tenth globose, the eighth largest ; eleventh wider 
and bluntly pointed ; female with joints subequal and slightly increasing in 
size toward tips. Thorax bell-shaped, as long as wide, sides evenly curved; 
disk with a fine impressed line at base and a fovea each side. Elytra one- 
half wider at base than thorax, front half of disk fiat with a feebly im- 
pressed groove. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra. Length 3.3 mm. 
(Fig. 147, a.) 

Vigo, Franklin, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. Febru- 
ary 28-September 10. Occurs beneath bark of rotten stumps. 



310 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



IV. Tmesiphorus Lec. 1849. (Gr., "a fissure + to ■ carry.") 

Antennae clavate ; frontal tubercles longer than wide : fourth 
joint of maxillary palpi triangular and emarginate; head and tho- 
rax with a network of large rounded punctures. Two species are 
known. 

592 (1869) . Tmesiphorus costalis Lee. Bost. Joiirn. Nat. Hist. VI. 1S49. 77. 

Elongate-oval. Piceous. shining, clothed with short, fine, appressed yel- 
lowish hairs. Head two-thirds as long as broad: frontal fissure deep, 
branching behind the frontal tubercles towards the fovea on vertex; eyes 
prominent. Antenna? of male more than half the length of body, second 
joint cylindrical, one-third as long and two-thirds as wide as first ; third to 
seventh globular, eighth to tenth gradually larger, obconical. eleventh as 
long as ninth and tenth together, notched on one side near base : female an- 
tennae shorter, less robust and without notch on last joint. Thorax bell- 
shaped, with an obtuse tubercle each side near middle, disk with two fovea? 
on apical third and a larger one each side near base. Elytra each with a 
broad, flat-bottomed groove on basal half, convex behind: humeri high. 




Fig. 148. a, Cedius spinosus; b, Cedius ziegteri; c. Tmesiphorus carinatus; d, Pilopius lacustris. All highly 
magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.) 



prominent. Abdomen broadly margined, first and second dorsal segments 
carinate on the sides. Length 3.3 mm. (Fig. 147, 6.) 

Throughout the State ; common. March 31-December 29. Oc- 
curs beneath stones and bark and in ants' nests. Gregarious in 
winter beneath half-buried logs in upland woods. 

593 (1870). Tmesiphorus cabinatus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, IT. 
1824. 97 ; ibid. II. 235. 
Pale reddish-brown, densely punctate ; pubescence short, appressed. Ver- 
tex with median frontal groove broader and not connected by branches with 
the fovea. Front fovea of thorax wanting. Abdomen with a median carina, 
as well as one each side on the second and third dorsal segments. Other- 
wise as in costalis. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 14S. c.) 

Crawford County; rare. August 13. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



311 



V. Pilopius Casey. 1897. 
Antennas approximate at base, elavate; joints 2-4 of maxillary 
palpi with long bristle-like appendages, the second joint bent and 
elavate, the third transversely Innate; abdomen with second and 
third ventrals not much longer than fourth; first four visible 
dorsals equal in length; front femora with stiff, erect bristles, but 
without spines. Two species are known from the State and another 
probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PILOPIUS. 

a. Pubescence rather sparse; last joint of antennae as long as the three 
preceding combined. 
&. Tenth antennal joint not at all longer than wide, the sixth joint as 
long as fifth ; body stout ; elytra nearly as long as wide. 

594. LACUSTRIS. 

hi). Tenth antennal joint distinctly longer than wide. 

c. Body stout, generally dark in color; abdomen always black or 
blackish ; thorax feebly transverse, never more than one-half as 
wide as elytra ; fifth antennal joint slightly longer than fourth. 

10 WEN SIS.. 

cc. Body narrower, pale in color throughout, the abdomen never black- 
ish ; elytra nearly as long as wide, rather longer than head and 
thorax combined. 595. zimmermanni. 

aa. Pubescence dense, shorter and more scale-like; last antennal joint much 
shorter than the three preceding combined; elytra as long as head 
and thorax. consobrinus. 

*594 ( ). Pilopius lacustris Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 

619. 

Rather stout, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown; elytra, antennae and 
legs paler. Head as wide as long; occiput with two large fovea? between 
the eyes. Antenna) of male three-fourths the length of body, joints cylin- 
drical, nearly equal ; of female, shorter with joints 7-10 short, transverse, 
last joint shorter, oblong-oval. Thorax wider than long, disk with an ob- 
long median fovea at base, reaching almost to middle, and a smaller one 
each side. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, thence gradually 
widening to apex, each with a fine, entire sutural and median stria. Ab- 
domen convex, margin broad, tip rounded. Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 148, d.) 

Southern half of State: common. April 5-December 23. Oc- 
curs beneath logs and bark ; gregarious in winter. A number were 
once swept from stems of blue-grass in May. Usually known as P. 
piceus Lee, from which it is distinguished by its more elongate 
and paler elytra and shorter tenth antennal joint, 

P. iowensis Casey, length 1.7 mm., was described from Iowa. 
595 (1873) . Pilopius zimmermanni Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 79. 

Pale brownish-yellow, sparsely pubescent. Head with frontal groove 
not reaching the oblong frontal fovea?; occiput elevated, its fovea? larger, 



312 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDiE. 



farther apart and near the eye. Thorax as long as wide, narrower in front 
than in lacustris, the median foveas nearly circular, the ones on sides small. 
Elytra more convex, the lines or striae less deep. Length 1.7 mm. 

Jackson and Crawford counties; scarce. August 15-October 14. 

P. consohrinus Lee, pubescence very dense, giving a very rough 
appearance, is said to occur "east of the Mississippi River," but 
has not yet been taken in the State. 

VI. Cedius Lee. 1849. (Gr., "careful.") 

Antennal tubercles wider than long, contiguous; last two joints 
of maxillary palpi unequal, the fourth oblong, thicker; front fe- 
mora each with three strong spines on basal half. Two of the three 
species are known from the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEDIUS. 

a. Larger and more robust, 2.5-2.7 mm. ; head transversely excavated be- 
tween the antennal cavities. 596. ziegleri. 
aa. Smaller and more narrow, not over 2 mm. ; head not excavated at apex. 

597. spinosus. 

596 (1867). Cedius ziegleri Lee, Best. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 74. 

Fuscous-brown, clothed with short dense oppressed hairs. Head as 
long as wide ; disk between the prominent eyes convex, punctured and with 
two circular foveas ; sides with a spine behind each eye. Antenna? nearly 
half the length of body ; joints 2-4 equal, as long as wide, fifth smaller, sub- 
globular ; sixth and seventh equal, globular, eight shorter, transverse and in 
male with its inner side prolonged as a flat tooth ; 9-10 wider, eleventh much 
larger. Thorax convex, as long as wide ; disk sparsely and rather finely 
punctate, with two small fovea? near apex and a larger ore each side near 
base, the latter two connected by a curved line. Elytra one-third wider 
than long, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate ; each with a wide shallow 
groove on basal third. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, broadly 
margined, the first dorsal with a carina each side. Length 2.7 mm. (Fig. 
148, 6.) 

Putnam and Crawford counties ; scarce. March 28-May 28. 
Taken from nests of ants (Formica rufa integra.) 

597 (1868). Cedius spinosus Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 75. 
Resembles ziegleri in form and color but smaller and less densely pu- 
bescent. Head broader than long. Antennae similar, with the outer joints 
less enlarged. Thorax very finely and sparsely punctate, without fovea? on 
front half, the basal fovea? smaller and connected by a fine impressed line. 
Elytra as in ziegleri, but more finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen con- 
vex, the first segment with carina?. Length 1.8-2 mm. (Fig. 148, a.) 

Marshall and Fulton counties ; rare. April 31-May 3. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



313 



VII. Tyrus Aube. 1833. (Without meaning.) 

Antennas clavate; palpi with first joint minute; second long, 
curved; third short, obovate; last joint with a needle-like spine at 
apex ; third tarsal joint longer than second. Two species probably 
occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYRUS. 

a. Antennae rather elongate in both sexes, the next to last joint of funicle 
not transverse ; carinse of abdomen well developed. 

598. HUMERALIS. 

aa. Antennae shorter and stouter, the three outer joints of funicle trans- 
verse in female; thorax a little wider than long; carinae of abdomen 
very short and inconspicuous. consimilis. 

598 (1875). Tybus humeealis Aube, Ann. Ent., II, 1836, 84. 

Robust, compact. Piceous-black, clothed with fine, short appressed hairs ; 
elytra, antennae and legs reddish-brown. Head as long as broad, with two 
small foveae between the eyes. Antennae of male with joints one and two 
cylindrical ; 3-7 rounded, gradually smaller ; eighth and ninth larger, globu- 
lar ; tenth obconical, twice as long and thick as ninth ; eleventh largest, 
ovate; female with joints 3-9 subequal, tenth larger. Thorax bell-shaped, 
widest at middle; disk with a median rounded fovea and a fine, transverse 
sulcus near base. Elytra with humeri prominent, disk very finely and 
sparsely punctate ; each with a deep impressed line and fovea on basal 
half. Abdomen but little longer than elytra, margins very broad, the last 
dorsal notched at tip in male. Length 1.6 mm. (Fig. 146, d.) 

Southern half of State; scarce. April 16-June 18. Taken by 
sifting and from beneath bark of stumps. 

T. consimilis Casey, reddish-brown, elytra paler, length 1.8 mm., 
was described from Kentucky and Indiana, I have not seen a 
specimen from the State. 

VIII. Hamotus Aube. 1844. (Gr., "like + ear.") 

Head not constricted behind the antennal tubercles ; third joint 
of maxillary palpi very small, subglobular ; last joint long and cy- 
lindrical ; pubescence yellowish, loose, coarse and long ; elytra and 
abdomen very convex ; second and third tarsal joints equal. One 
species is known. 

599 (1876). Hamotus batrisioides Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 27. 
Elongate-oval, convex. Fuscous-brown, shining. Head as broad as 

long, very convex ; vertex with two small foveae. Antennae nearly as long 
as body ; first and second joints cylindrical, thicker than third to fifth, 
which are quadrate and gradually smaller ; sixth to tenth a little wider ; 
eleventh pear-shaped, subcompressed, half as long as the preceding joints 
together, somewhat smaller in female. Thorax as wide as long, sides 



314 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



evenly curved, disk faintly, irregularly and coarsely punctate, with a small 
median triangular fovea near base and a smaller rounded one each side, 
the three connected by a fine curved impressed line. Elytra one-fifth longer 
than thorax, fiuely punctate, each with a short basal groove and fovea. 
Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 147, c.) 

Monroe County; rare. May 13. Sifted from debris of beech 
stump. Dury finds them at Cincinnati between April 2 and May 2, 
' ' in the decayed interior of a standing dead tree. ' ' 

Pselaphus longiclavus Lee, blackish-brown, elytra blood-red, 
length 1.8 mm., is known from Iowa to Louisiana, P. bellax Casey, 
dark reddish-yellow, length 1,4 mm., was described from Michigan. 

IX. Tychtjs Leach. 1817. (No meaning.) 

Antennas attached to the under side of the frontal tubercles, 
which are large, close together, separated by a short canal; upper 




Fig. 149. a, Tychus lonqipalpus, b, Bythinus tychoides; c, Decarthron brendeli; d, Rybaxis brendeli. 
All highly magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.) 

surface of head with a small puncture each side near the front part 
of eye. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYCHUS. 

a. Thorax with four small fovea} at base and a larger one each side ; ely- 
tra depressed, the sutural lines parallel ; third and fourth joints of 
palpi equal. 600. longipalpus. 

ad. Thorax with five basal foveas ; elytra more convex, the sutural lines 
curved; third palpal joint triangular, shorter than fourth. 

601. minor, 

600 (1878). Tychus longipalpus Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849,82. 

Pale reddish-brown, subdepressed, sparsely clothed with long, suberect 
hairs. Head as long as wide. Antennas longer than head and thorax, first 
joint twice as long as second, third to eighth subequal ; ninth globular, twice 
as wide as eighth; tenth larger; eleventh ovate, twice as long as tenth. 
Thorax subglobular, slightly wider than long, widest at middle; basal fovea 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



315 



very small, rounded. Elytra one-half longer- than thorax, sutural lines 
deep ; discal ones fine, limited to basal half. Abdomen narrowly margined. 
Length 2 mm. (Fig. 149, a.) 

Clark County ; rare. May 5. 

601 (1879). Tyciius minoe Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 82. 

Dark reddish-brown, shining, coarsely pubescent; antennae and legs 
paler. Head as long as broad, convex, its foveas very minute. Antennas 
slightly longer than head and thorax, first two joints nearly one-half wider 
than three to seven, which are cylindrical; eighth globular; ninth and 
tenth larger, wider than long; eleventh rounded-ovate, as long as the two 
preceding. Thorax wider than long, polished, very convex; basal foveas 
five, the middle one the largest. Elytra faintly reticulate, sutural lines 
fine, discal ones deep, reaching beyond the middle. Length L5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 17-October 31. Occurs 
usually beneath stones on hillsides. One specimen, from Steuben 
County, sifted from sphagnum moss, is much paler and is to be re- 
ferred to var. testaceus Casey. 

Tribe II. BRACHYGLUTINI. 

The differences between this and the preceding tribe are given 
in the key. The palpi are less developed and the last joint is oval 
or fusiform. The following genera are probably represented in the 
State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF BRACHYGLUTINI. 

a. Antenna? 10-jointed, with a three-jointed club ; vertex with two f oveae ; 
thorax with sides rounded and with one fovea at base. 

X. Decarthron. 

aa. Antennae 11- jointed. 

b. Abdomen margined ; tarsi with a single claw. 

c. Body broad, transversely cylindrical in cross section; margin of 
abdomen wide. 

d. Abdominal margin narrowly refuse; two basal ventrals longer 
than the others; dorsal segments unequal; last palpal joint 
pruning-knife shaped/ Bythinus. 
dd. Abdominal margin broadly retuse ; basal, dorsal and ventral seg- 
ments much longer than others; elytra flat; last palpal joint 
fusiform. 

e. Vertex without foveas ; elytra each with two basal foveas ; ven- 
tral segments four. Nisaxis. 
ee. Vertex with foveas. 

/. Antennae with a 3-jointed club ; vertex and thorax each with 
three foveas; elytra each with a long discal line. 
g. Elytra each with two small basal foveas ; thorax with three 
nearly equal foveas. 



316 



FAMILY X.- — PSELAPHIDJE. 



h. Three basal fovese of thorax connected by a curved 
groove ; elytra each with a deep subhumeral groove. 

XI. Rybaxis. 

hh. Basal fovese of thorax not connected by a grooye; ely- 
tra without a subhumeral groove. 

i. Elytra with margins and sloping sides nearly parallel ; 

male with three of the dorsal segments sculptured. 

BRACHYGEUTA. 

ii. Elytra with sides diverging ; male with not more than 

two segments sculptured. XII. Bryaxis. 

gg. Elytra each with three small basal fovese; thorax with a 
large pubescent fovea each side of base and a small 
round median one. XIII. Reichenbachia. 

ff. Antennae very short, with only the last joint enlarged; ver- 
tex with two fovese; body glabrous. Eupsenius. 
cc. Body convex ; margin of abdomen narrow ; thorax with one fovea 
at base. Anchylarthron. 
hh. Abdomen not margined ; tarsi with two unequal claws ; thorax with 
two or three longitudinal grooves; body elongate, more or less 
cylindrical, narrow. XIV. Batrisodes. 

X. Decarthron Brencl. 1865. (Grr., "ten + joint.") 

Head with disk of vertex longer than wide, the front fovea want- 
ing; antennse 10-jointed, the joints, aside from those in chib, 
rounded; thorax subglobose and with a single funnel-shaped fovea 
near the middle of the base ; eljira broad, each with two basal 
fovese, the humeri prominent; abdomen short and w T ide, the basal 
dorsal segment with two distant parallel carinas. One species has 
been taken in the State, while three others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DECARTHRON. 

a. Form of body broad, robust. 
J). Pubescence long, erect. 

c. Color black ; fovese of vertex large and connected with the de- 
pressed front by faint converging grooves ; length 1.4 mm. 

ABNORME. 

cc. Color dark red ; fovese of vertex small, connected with the convex 
front by straight parallel grooves ; length 1.6 mm. exsectum. 
Z>&. Pubescence short ; occipital fovese deep, well separated, not connected 
with the concave front ; length 1.4 mm. 602. brendeli. 

aw. Form slender, elongate ; thorax not punctate ; color pale reddish-brown ; 
length 1.5 mm. longulum. 

602 (9373). Decarthron brendeli Casey, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1887, 
464. 

Piceous-brown ; elytra dull red; antennse and legs paler brown. An- 
tennse scarcely as long as head and thorax, eighth and ninth joints trans- 
versely oval, tenth one-half longer than wide and three times as thick as 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



317 



eighth, ovate, truncate at base. Thorax finely punctulate, slightly wider 
than long. Elytra one-half longer than thorax, discal lines parallel. Cari- 
na? of first dorsal three-fourths the length of the segment, separated by one- 
half its width. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 149, c.) 

Lake and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 26-May 25. 

D. ahnorme Lee, and D. exsectum Brend., both are recorded as 
occurring in the " Northern States east of the Mississippi River," 
while D. longulum is a southern form which may occur in the south- 
ern counties. 

Bythinus tychoides Brend. (Fig. 149, b.), chocolate-brown, an- 
tennae and legs dark yellow, length 1.2 mm., has been taken at Cin- 
cinnati, while Nisaxis foment osus Axibe, reddish-brown, pubescence 
long and fine, body coarsely punctate, length 1.2 mm., is recorded 
from southern Illinois. 

XI. Rybaxis Saulcy. 1876. 

In this genus the males have a strong tooth on the front tibia?. 
Two species have been taken in the State, vdiile another may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF EYBAXIS. 

a. Median fovea of base of thorax large, pubescent ; antennae of male very 
long, the club slender. 603. valida. 

aa. Median fovea small, not pubescent. 

J). Carina? on basal dorsal segment of abdomen including but one-fourth 
of the width of segment between them ; antennal club loose, the 
next to last joints not elongate or compressed. conjuncta. 
l)l>. Carina? on base of abdomen including one-third of width of segment ; 
antennal club dilated and compressed in male, densely clothed with 
black hairs. 604. brendeli. 

603 (1914). Rybaxis valida Brend., Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, I, 1890, 

273. 

Dark piceous-brown ; elytra and antenna? red; legs paler. Vertex with 
a deep impression ; antenna? nearly one-half the length of body, first joint 
almost as long as third and fourth together; second shorter, oblong, 
rounded; third to sixth narrower; seventh and eighth narrower and 
shorter; ninth and tenth suddenly increasing in size, wider than long; 
eleventh as long as the two preceding together. Thorax deeply impressed 
each side near base. Length 2.2 mm. 

Posey Connty; rare. April 16. 

E. conjuncta Lee, black, elytra red or darker, length 1.8-2 mm., 
is said to occur "over the territory east of the Mississippi River." 

604 (1916). Rybaxis beendeli Horn, Crotch's Check List. 1S73, 36. 
Black, shining ; elytra ranging to piceous-red ; legs, palpi and club of 

antenna? reddish-brown. Head with two very large fovea? between the eyes. 



318 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDiE. 



Antennas with second joint small, oval ; third and fourth smaller, obconical ; 
joints 5-8 larger, subglobular, equal ; ninth to eleventh transverse, forming 
in male a densely pubescent club, three times as thick as eighth joint and 
as long as the five preceding together; in female the club is smaller, less 
pubescent and the preceding joints equal and cylindrical. Thorax sub- 
globular, the basal groove sharply defined. Elytra each with a discal 
groove on basal two-thirds. Front trochanters with a slender spine. Length 
1.8 mm. (Fig. 149, d.) 

Lake, Steuben, and Starke counties; scarce. May 25-June 16. 
Brachygluta abdominalis Aube, red-brown, pubescence very fine, 
length 2 mm., has been taken near Cincinnati. 

XII. Bryaxis Leach. 1817. (Gr., ''to swarm.") 

In this genus the thoracic fayere are not connected by a groove. 
The following probably occur within the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BEY AXIS. 

a. Median basal fovea of thorax smaller than those on sides; last three 
joints of male antenna? contorted. 
6. Thorax as long as wide, convex; first dorsal of abdomen without 
carina?. pekpunctata. 
k~b. Thorax wider than long, less convex; abdominal carina? present, in- 
cluding between them two-fifths of the width of segment. 

605. cavicornis. 

or/. Thorax with three large, equal pubescent fovea?; sexual marks on the 
abdominal segments of male, the antenna? not modified. 
c. Fovea? of occiput open toward the eyes, or very near them ; thorax 
finely punctate ; male with first dorsal segment acutely bilobed ; 
length 1.7 mm. 606. illinoiensis. 

cc. Fovea? of occiput distant from the eyes; thorax not punctate; 
black, legs, antenna? and palpi dusky yellow ; length 1.3 mm. 

PERFORATA. 

B. perpunctata Brend., brown, punctate, sparsely pubescent, 
length 1.8 mm., is known from Illinois. 

605 (1927), Bryaxis cavicornis Brend.. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VII, 1866. 
194. 

Elongate-oval. Fuscous-brown, clothed with long, recumbent pubes- 
cence; elytra and legs reddish-brown; antenna? dark red, last four joints 
fuscous. Head six-sided, fovea? large. Antenna? longer than head and 
thorax, the last three joints in male each differing in form, ninth wedge- 
shaped, tenth screw-shaped, eleventh kidney-shaped. Thorax wider than 
long, finely punctate, the basal fovea? all visible from above. Elytra finely 
and sparsely punctulate ; discal lines straight, converging. Length 2 mm. 

Putnam and Posey counties ; rare. September 28-October 10. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



319 



606 (1922). Bryaxis illinoiensis Br end., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.. VI, I860, 
195. 

Rather broadly ovate. Piceous-black, shining ; elytra dark red ; an- 
tenna? reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Antennae less than one-half the 
length of body; joints 2-8 small, rounded; ninth obconical, longer; tenth 
twice as wide as eighth ; eleventh oblong-oval, twice as thick as ninth. 
Thorax wider than long, the fovese very large. Elytra one- third longer 
than thorax, sutural and discal lines distinct, parallel, the latter deep at 
base and reaching apical fifth. First dorsal of male deeply concave, pro- 
longed behind in two acute triangular lobes ; second dorsal with a large 
median fovea. Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 150, a.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 20- June 24. On May 
(') I took scores of this species beneath driftwood on 'the mud banks 
of the Ohio River near Charleston, Clark County. 

B. perforata Brend., is said in Br en del & Wickham's key to oc- 
cur in "Michigan, Illinois and Iowa," and in the description Avhich 
follows "in New York, Jersey and Long Island." 




Fig. 150. a, Bryaxis illinoiensis; b, Rcichenbachia gracilis; c, Rcichenbachia congener; d, Reivhenbachia 
propinqua (male). All highly magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.) 

XIII. Reichenbachia Leach. 1826. (Name of a naturalist.) 

A large genus of small, broad-bodied species having the base of 
thorax marked with a large fovea each side and a very small round 
one on the median line; elytra each with three small basal fovese, 
The following species are known from or perhaps occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF REICHENBACHIA. 

a. Carina? of first dorsal segment of abdomen separated by less than one- 
third the width of the segment ; antennae not modified in the sexes. 
I). Carina? separated by a space not wider than that between the su- 
tural lines of elytra. 
c. Thorax punctured. 
d. Punctures of thorax fine and sparse; carinse of first dorsal quite 
short and divergent. 607. gemmifee. 

dd. Punctures of thorax distinctly coarser and very dense; dorsal 
carina? one-half the length Of segment and less divergent. 

60S. CANADENSIS. 

[21—23402] 



320 



r A M 1 L Y X . — PSEL APHI DiK . 



cc. Thorax without punctures; abdominal carina? rather long; elytra 
punctured and subrugose. 600. radians. 

hi). Carina? separated by a space wider than that between the sutural 
lines, but less than one-fourth the width of segment, 
c. Thorax distinctly punctate: pubescence short; carina? of first dor- 
sal nearly one-half as long as the segment, divergent and sep- 
arated at tip by one-fourth the width of segment. ceibeicollis. 
ee. Thorax not punctate. 

/. Pubescence short and strongly recurved; pale reddish-brown; 

median fovea of thorax very small. congeneb. 
ft. Pubescence long, bristling and semierect; elytra shorter than 
wide ; piceous, the elytra paler. 
<:/. Abdominal carina? fully one-half the length of segment, feebly 
curved and strongly divergent ; form less convex. 

610. EUBICUNDA. 

gg. Abdominal carina? one- third the length of segment, straight, 
less divergent : form narrower and more convex. 

611. GEACILIS. 

aa. Carina? of first dorsal separated at base by one-third or more the width 
of segment ; pubescence short and strongly recurved. 
7;. Antenna? similar and unmodified in the sexes. 

i. Thorax strongly and closely punctured; carina? of first dorsal short 

straight and parallel. puxcticollis. 

ii. Thorax not punctured; body black or piceous, with bright red ely- 

tra ; male with last dorsal with a broad rounded notch and last 
ventral broadly concave. cobpobalts. 
Iih. Antennae dissimilar in the sexes, that of male with fifth joint strong- 
ly dilated, the sixth scarcely longer than seventh; elytra dark red- 
dish-brown. PBOPINQUA. 

COT (1028). Reichenbachia gemmtfeb Lee. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 
1880, 182. 

Dark reddish-brown; antenna?, legs and elytra paler: pubescence very 
fine and short. Head as long as wide, the three fovea? circular and equal 
in size. Antenna? half as long as body; second joint as long but not as 
thick as first; third to eighth cylindrical and subequal : ninth obconical. 
slightly longer and thicker; tenth larger, subglobular ; eleventh twice as 
thick as tenth, as long as the three preceding. Thorax subglobular, strongly 
convex, median fovea? small, deep : side ones as large as those of head ; disk 
finely, evenly but distinctly punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than 
thorax, smooth except near tips; each with a wide shallow discal line. 
Carina? of first dorsal short and strongly divergent. Length 1.4 mm. 

Putnam County: rare, April IT. Taken by sifting. 

60S (0388). Reichexbachia canadensis Brend., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 
- XIV, 1887. 206. 

More slender than gemmifcr, with darker body. Thorax one-third 
broader than long, densely and coarsely punctured, the median fovea 
smaller. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, distinctly but finely and 
sparsely punctate; discal lines deeper and more distinct. Length 1.5 mm. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



Starke County; rare. May 18-June 17. Sifted from vege- 
table debris on margin of sphagnum swamp. 

609 (1930). Reichenbachia radians Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 
1S80, 182. 

Uniform light chestnut brown; antennae and legs paler. Head as wide 
as long ; the foveas small but deep. Antennae longer than head and thorax, 
the joints nearly as in gemmifer, the eighth and ninth smaller than there. 
Thorax subglobose, smooth, the foveas on sides one-third larger than those 
of head, the median one much smaller. Elytra at base one-third wider 
than thorax, finely, sparsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Carinae of 
first dorsal reaching nearly to middle of segment. Length 1.5 mm. 

One specimen in Webster collection labeled "Ind.," LeConte's 
type, came from Illinois and his description is so brief that I am not 
certain as to the identity of the specimen at hand. However, it 
runs to radians both in his key and in that of Brendel. 

R. cribrieollis Brend., piceous-black, elytra dark red, length 1.3 
mm., is known from Illinois and Iowa. E. congener Brend. (Fig. 
150, c. f, reddish-brown, length .9 mm., is an eastern species which is 
recorded from Cincinnati. 

010 (1932). Reichenbachia eubeicunda Aube, Ann. Soc. Ent, II, 116. 

Piceous-black, not punctured ; elytra, legs and antennae dull red. Head 
wider than long; foveae large, equal. Antennae not half as long as body, 
second joint oblong ; third to seventh equal, cylindrical ; eighth globular ; 
ninth as long and twice as wide as third ; tenth subglobular, one-half thicker 
than ninth; eleventh one-half wider than tenth and longer than the two 
preceding. Thorax one-third wider than long; foveae on sides very large, 
median one small and deep. Elytra at base as wide as thorax at middle, 
humeri prominent; dlscal lines reaching apical third. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 17-June 13. Occurs be- 
neath cover in damp localities. 

611 (1935). Reichenbachia gracilis Casey, Contrib. Desc. Coleop. N. A., 
I, 1884, 32. 

Dark piceous-red ; pubescence long, suberect and pale; elytra dull red; 
antennae and legs paler. Head longer than wide; foveae deep and equal. 
Antennae longer than head and thorax, first three joints gradually decreas- 
ing in size ; fourth to eighth equal, slender, subcylindrical ; ninth subglobose, 
thicker; tenth nearly twice as wide as long; eleventh compressed, as long 
as the three preceding together. Thorax wider than long, strongly con- 
vex, polished, foveas on sides large, median one minute. Elytra very con- 
vex, discal lines sharp, nearly entire. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 150. 1).) 

Starke and Orange counties; rare. June 2-June 16. Beaten 
from hickory. 



322 



FAMILY X — PSELAPHILM5. 



Pi. pnncticoUis Lee,, black with rust-red elytra, legs and an- 
tenna?, length 1.4 mm., is recorded as occurring in the "region east 
of the Mississippi River." B. corporalis Casey, length 1.7 mm., 
was described from Michigan and Canada. R. propinqua Lee, 
piceo us-black, elytra dark blood-red. length 1.4 mm., is a boreal spe- 
cies which probably inhabits northern Indiana. (Fig. 150, d.) 

Eupsenius glaber Lee, yellow, without pubescence or punctures, 
length 1 mm., is a southern species which may occur in the Ohio 
River counties. 

Anchylarthron (Verticinotus) cornutus Brend., dark yellow, 
faintly punctured, sparsely pubescent, is recorded from Ohio and 
Iowa. 







Fig. 151. a, Bafrisodes ionaz; b, Batrisodes ferox; c, Batrisodes globosus; d, Batrisodes spretus. All highly 
magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.) 

XIV. Batrisodes Reitt. 1881. (Or., "Batrisus + like.") 

A large genus of subcylindrical. rather narrow, elongate spe- 
cies, having the head elongate-oblong, with two fovea? connected by 
a curved groove on vertex ; antenna? with a three- jointed club ; last 
joint of maxillary palpi fusiform, more convex on the outer side; 
thorax with two or three longitudinal grooves and a transverse 
curved groove connecting the three basal fovea? ; elytra very convex, 
their discal lines confined to basal half ; legs long, femora clavate. 
The species which have been taken or perhaps occur in the State 
may be separated into two groups as follows : 

- KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BATRISODES. 

a. Hind tibiae without a terminal spur ; elytra each with two fovese at base. 

Group A. 

Hind tibife with a long terminal spur ; elytra each with three fovea? at 
base. Grou P B - 



aa. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



Group A. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Vertex without a median carina ; occiput swollen behind, overlapping 
the neck ; middle femora of male with a curved spine near the tro- 
chanters. 612. ION^R. 
ad. Vertex with one or more carina?. 

J). Vertex with three carina? converging in front. 

a. Front tibkc of male with a strong recurved spine near the middle; 
middle femora notched above. (Fig. 151, b.) 
d. Occiput swollen above ; hind tarsi of male with second joint di- 
lated. ARMIGER. 
(/(/. Occiput not swollen ; hind tarsi of male simple ; elytra punctu- 
late; ninth antenhal joint one-half the width of tenth, eleventh 
wider than tenth, ovate. 613. eerox. 

cc. Front tibia? of male simple; middle femora not notched above; hind 
tibia? rather suddenly and strongly dilated on the inner side at 
basal third. 614. cavicrus. 

1)1). Vertex with one median carina. 615. coneinis. 

*612 (1894). Batrisodes ion^e Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 94. 

Uniform reddish-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with long yellowish 
hairs. Head longer than broad, its surface sloping from the prominent 
occiput to front margin. Antenna? half the length of body, joints 2 to 8 
subequal, ninth larger, slightly transverse; tenth large, globular; eleventh 
oblong-ovate, much thicker and toothed on inner side in male. Thorax 
bell-shaped, widest at middle, slightly narrower at base ; disk with three 
impressed lines, the median one entire and ending at base in a small fovea ; 
sides with a small acute tubercle. Elytra sparsely and distinctly punctate ; 
humeri rounded, not prominent. Abdomen slightly depressed at base, sparsely 
and finely punctate. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. (Fig. 151, a.) 

Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. August 10-December 10. 
One specimen on the latter date from beneath a partly buried chunk 
in sandy woods. A species of southern range, described from 
Georgia. 

B. armiger Lee, reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent, length 2.4 
mm., is known Prom Pennsylvania. 

613 (1898a). Batresodes eerox Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 95. 

Uniform reddish-brown, rather sparsely pubescent. Head quadrate ; 
fovea? of vertex small and in a line behind the middle. Antenna? half the 
length of body, joints 3-5 cylindrical, 6-9 quadrate or rounded and slightly 
wider; tenth larger, globose in male, obconical in female; eleventh thicker, 
oblique, truncate at apex, rounded at base, as long as the two preceding. 
Thorax widest at apical third, sides strongly curved, apex half as wide as 
base ; disk with three impressed lines, median one obsolete in front ; basal 
fovea? deep. Elytra one-sixth wider at base than thorax, finely and evenly 
punctate ; humeri with an obtuse spine. Carina? of basal dorsal very short, 
separated by one-fifth the width of segment. Length 2.4 mm. (Fig. 151, 6.) 



324 



FAMILY X. rSELAPHIDiE. 



Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-November 28. Oc- 
curs in nests of red ants. Laskis, beneath stones. Readily known by 
the notched apex of middle femora. 

014 (9422). Batrisodes cavicrus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. ScL, VII, 1893, 
46S. 

■Reddish-brown, coarsely and sparsely pubescent ; elytra, legs and club 
of antennas paler. Head wider than long, as wide as thorax. Antenna? half 
as long as body, second joint longer than third; three to eight equal in 
width, gradually shorter; ninth and tenth abruptly wider, slightly trans- 
verse; eleventh much larger, subglobular. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide ; median sulcus of disk feeble, with two or three acute recurved spines 
each side; median sub-basal fovea large, the side ones distinct. Elytra as 
long as wide, not punctate; humeri rounded. Carinas of first dorsal sep- 
arated by one-sixth the width of segment. Male with a rounded subapical 
impression on last ventral. Length 1.8 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. August 15. Described from North 
Carolina. Dury finds it rather plentiful near Cincinnati. 

615 (1896). Batrisodes confixis Lee. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., YI. 1S49, 96. 

Reddish-brown, shining, finely and sparsely pubescent. Head as broad 
as long, vertex elevated with one median carina. Antennas slender, half as 
long as body, joints 2-9 subequal, tenth but one- third thicker and not longer 
than ninth, eleventh oval, acute, twice as long and one-half wider than 
tenth. Thorax as wide as long, median sulcus fine, entire, basal fovea} very 
small, side ones distinct. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, smooth, 
humeri feeble, discal lines very short. Length 2 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 22. 

Group B. 

In this group the hind tibiae bear at the outer end a very fine 
and slender terminal spur, and the base of each elytron is marked 
with three small rounded foveas (two in frontalis). The following 
species are known from or probably occur in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Front of head in either sex not separated by a sulcus or groove from 
the clypeus; last antennal joint of male with an erect basal tooth; 
thorax with crests on disk ; elytra strongly punctate. schaumii. 
aa. Frontal margin in the male separated from the clypeus by a sulcus or 
excavation ; in the female continuous with the clypeus. 
1). Antennas stout, the joints almost all wider than long, bead-like, sev- 
enth and eighth smaller than those preceding or following. 

616. CASEYI. 

lib. Antennal joints, especially those of funicle, more slender, not wider 
than long, joints 7 and 8 not smaller. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



325 



c. Frontal margin produced beyond the line between the loses of an- 
tennae. 

d. Vertex more or less scabrous or roughened and carinate. 

e. Vertex vaulted or elevated, feebly scabrous; last antennal joint 
of male long, with an erect tooth ; elytra punctate, the shoul- 
ders not angulate ; length 1.5 mm. 617. rtparius. 
ce. Vertex not vaulted, coarsely scabrous; last antennal joint of 
male without a tooth ; length 2.2 mm. 
f. Fovea? of occiput not pubescent ; frontal margin of male 
notched in middle ; shoulders angulate. scabriceps. 
ft. Fovea? of occiput pubescent ; head very flat ; frontal margin 
triangular: thorax with conspicuous discal crests and deep 
grooves, so that the disk appears to be marked with five 

lines. LINEATICOLLIS. 

(Id. Vertex smooth ; front more or less elevated. 

g. Antenna? alike in the sexes ; fovea? of occiput pubescent ; ver- 
tex not carinate. 

Thorax without crests or spines; sulcus of vertex deep; ely- 
tra not punctate ; length 2.2 mm. froxtalis. 
hh. Thorax with four basal spines: sulcus of vertex shallow: 
elytra very finely and sparsely punctate; length 1.9 mm. 

SIMPLEX. 

gg. Antenna? unlike in the sexes, the tenth joint in male globose 
and very large ; in female but one-half thicker than ninth ; 
fovea? of occiput not pubescent ; vertex carinate ; length 
1.7 mm. 618. globoses. 

cc. Frontal margin not produced beyond the line between the bases of 
antenna? ; tenth antennal joint of male very large. 
i. Humeri blunt, rounded; fovea? of occiput not pubescent. 
j. Reddish-brown : tenth joint in male with a small fovea at the 
base ; length 2 mm. 619. virgin ee. 

jj. Black or piceous ; antenna? and legs red; tenth joint foveate 
on under side. 
7c. Median sulcus of thorax obsolete: length 1.6 mm. 

620. SPRETES. 

Jck. Median sulcus present; fovea? on under surface of tenth 
joint very large. 621. foveicorxis. 

ii. Humeri spinous ; fovea of occiput pubescent ; length 2 mm. 

7. Basal joint of male antenna? bluntly toothed below: tenth joint 
large, with a small, round, deep puncture at base on under 
side. dexticollis. 
//. Basal joint not toothed below ; tenth joint not punctate be- 
neath : black, with reddish antenna? and legs. 
m. Elytra smooth, vertex not punctate; third joint of male an- 
tenna? longer than second or fourth and swollen on one 
side. 622. nigricans. 

mm. Elytra indistinctly punctate: vertex with a central trans- 
verse puncture ; three basal joints of antenna? subeqiially 
decreasing in size. striates. 



326 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



B. schaumii Aube. pieeoiB r bIack, length 2.1 mm., is known from 
Pennsylvania and Illinois. 

016 ( ). Batbisodes caseyi Dury Mss. 

Uniform reddish or chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed with stiff, sub- 
erect yellowish hairs. Head large, as wide as thorax: vertex strongly 
swollen, not carinate ; fovea? of occiput very small. Antennae short stout, 
reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to 10 wider than long, 11 oblong-oval, 
nearly as long as the three preceding. Thorax as wide as long, median 
sulcus deep, abbreviated in front, basal fovese. round, deep- Elytra smooth, 
convex, humeri not prominent. Length 2.5 nun. 

Posey County ; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath ehunk in 
open sandy woods. Dury lias three or four from Kentucky opposite 
Cincinnati. 

017 (1902). Batbisodes bipaeius Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IV, 

1824. 98; ibid. II. 235. 
Reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Head slightly wider than long, its 
margin broad, flat, produced in front : the fovea? small, deep, not pubescent. 
Antenna? of male half the length of body, joints 2 to S gradually smaller 
and rounded ; ninth much larger, transverse, toothed on outer side ; tenth 
still larger, globose; eleventh not as thick, more than twice as long, with a 
large tooth inside the base : in female the joints are regular, the last one 
not as long as the two preceding, acute-ovate. Thorax slightly longer than 
broad, sparsely punctate, the basal fovea small, distinct. Elytra very con- 
vex, strongly punctured; humeri blunt or rounded. Length 1.4-1.0 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 18- April 22. 

B. scdhriceps Lee. pieeous. legs and antenna? paler, is said to 
occur from Pennsylvania to Illinois and Iowa. B. lintaticoVis 
Aube and B. frontalis Lee. have been recorded from Cincinnati. 
B. simplex Lee. is a boreal species which has been taken in northern 
Illinois. 

018 (1903). Batbisodes globosfs Lee. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. "SI. 1S49, 

100. 

Reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head with ver- 
tex roof -shaped, the crest carinate: foveas small, deep, round, not pubes- 
cent; margin broad, flat, densely punctate. Antenna* half as long as body, 
second joint obconical. three to eight globular and of same width as sec- 
ond ; ninth thicker, wider than long : tenth in male globular, four times 
as thick as ninth; eleventh narrower than tenth, ovate, acute, obliquely 
impressed from middle on outer side. Thorax slightly wider than long, 
median sulcus deep, ending near base in a deep fovea from which a trans- 
verse groove curves to fovea- on sides. Elytra indistinctly punctulate. one- 
half longer than thorax, each with three small, rounded fovea? at base: 
diseal lines short, shallow : humeri tnberenlate. Legs long, thighs clavate. 
Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 151, c.) 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



827 



Throughout the State; common'. March 5-November 28. Oc- 
curs in numbers in the large cone-shaped nests of ants and beneath 
stones on sloping hillsides. 

619 (1910). Bateisodes Virginia Casey, Contrib. to Desc. of Coleop. of N. 

A., II, 1884, 90. 

Reddish-brown, shining; elytra dark red; antennae and legs paler. Head 
large, quadrate, punctured in front; eyes small; vertex with two small, 
rounded fovea? connected by a curved groove. Antennae less than half the 
length of body, first joint as long as the next two together, second longer 
than third; 3 to 8 quadrate, equal; ninth larger, one-half wider than long; 
tenth large, globular ; eleventh as long as three preceding together, obliquely 
acuminate. Thorax as wide as long, median sulcus narrow, deep, with a 
small erect tooth each side of the basal median fovea. Elytra finely, sparse- 
ly and distinctly punctate. Length 2 mm. 

Putnam, Fayette and Crawford counties; frequent. April 17- 
August 15. 

620 (1906). Batrisodes spretus Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 100. 
Piceous-black ; elytra dark red, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head 

wider than long, wider than thorax, punctulate in front, smooth behind ; 
eyes prominent; occiput elevated, broadly depressed each side; vertex not 
carinate. Antenme reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to S oblong; ninth 
longer and wider, transverse ; tenth large, quadrate-rounded ; eleventh twice 
as long but narrower than tenth, ovate-acuminate. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, widest before the middle, median basal fovea small ; basal tuber- 
cles minute. Elytra convex, not punctured; humeri without tubercles. 
Length 1.7 mm. (Fig. 151, cl.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 17-October 11. Taken 
by sifting damp vegetable debris and in nests of white ants. 

621 (9414). Batrisodes foveicornis Casey, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1887, 

462. 

Reddish-brown, not punctate; sparsely clothed with long hairs. Head 
as wide as long ; vertex nearly flat, carinate at middle. Antennae with sec- 
ond joint one-third shorter and narrower than first ; third to seventh longer 
than wide, eighth quadrate; ninth wider than long; tenth much wider, 
globose, flattened and with a large fovea beneath in male; eleventh wider 
and as long as the three preceding together. Thorax with foveas and sulci 
deep, the median sulcus obsolete on basal third. Elytra with rounded 
humeri. Length 2 mm. 

Monroe County; rare. May 13. Sifted from debris of beech 
stump. 

B. denticollis Casey, black, elytra dark red, antennas and legs 
paler, length 1.8 mm., is known from Virginia and Iowa. 



328 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



022 (1904) . Batrisodes nigricans Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. VI, 1849, 90. 

Black, shining, sparsely pubescent: antenna, palpi and legs reddish. 
Head as long as broad, front punctate ; vertex convex, carinate. Antennae 
with fourth joint half as wide and about as long as third; fifth to eighth 
subequal. as wide as long; ninth longer, rounded; tenth nearly twice as 
thick as ninth, globose; eleventh one-half longer, ovate, acute. Thorax 
with median sulcus very deep, the basal tubercles acute; foveas on sides of 
base pubescent. Elytra with humeri subacute, discal lines reaching middle. 
Length 2 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 1. 

B. striatus Lee. of which simplex Lec. is perhaps a synonym, is 
said to occur from Massachusetts to the Missouri Eiver. 

Tribe III. EUPLECTIXI. 

In this tribe the form is more depressed and linear than in those 
preceding, thus approaching the Staphylinida?. They have the an- 
tenna? widely separated at base ; abdomen distinctly margined, with 
six ventral segments; hind coxa? conical, prominent and contiguous. 
The following genera, as limited by Casey, are probably represented 
in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUPLECT1NI. 

a. Tarsi with two equal claws; antenna? slender, bead-like, last three joints 
forming a loose club ; first visible dorsal nearly as long as second and 
without pubescent line. Rafonus. 
aa. Tarsi with two unequal claws or with but a single claw. 

I). Antenna? elbowed, the basal joint elongate ; thorax twice as wide as 
long, bilobed. and armed at sides wiih three inflexed spines. 

XY. Rhexius. 

hi). Antenna? straight first joint not eloDgate. 

c. Tarsi with two unequal claws, the second in the form of an ap- 
pendage nearly one-half the length of the principal claw. 

d. Thorax with a fine entire median groove, its sides not spinous; 

body shorter, head more transverse; elytra each with four 
basal punctures, prolonged backward by a line. 

XVI. RHExmirs. 

dd. Thorax without a median impressed line: body longer, more 
parallel ; head less transverse. Ramecia. 
cc. Tarsi with but a single claw, or with the second one very minute. 

e. Antennal club gradually formed, the last joint only moderate in 

size. ~ 

f. Prosternum not carinate along the middle; first dorsal not 
longer than second. 
g. Thorax with a central discal impression; elytra each with 
a discal stria. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



329 



//. Head large, truncate; antennae very remote; lirst dorsal 
of abdomen with distinct basal carina?. 

XVII. EUPLECTUS. 

nil. Head smaller, the front more abruptly and strongly nar- 
rowed ; antennae less distant ; abdomen without basal 
carina?. . Thesiastes. 

gg. Thorax without a discal impression ; elytra without discal 
striae. Bibloplectus. 
ff. Prosternum finely but distinctly car mate throughout the mid- 
dle of its length ; thorax with a small, subapical impression, 
its basal foveaa connected by a transverse sulcu ; ; antenna 1 
less widely separated, the tenth joint larger than usual. 

Thesium. 

ee. Antennal club consisting almost entirely of the Iarg2 abrupt ter- 
minal joint; thorax without discal impressions. 
Ninth and tenth antennal joints verj^ short, distinctly trans- 
verse. 

j. Elytra with a subhumeral fovea from which an acutely ele- 
vated carina extends to apex ; also with discal strise reach- 
ing to middle; head never wider than thorax, the latter 
with a large fovea on each side connected by a transverse 
groove. Actium. 
jj. Elytra without trace of a subhumeral fovea and without 
discal strise, but with an elongate basal impression. 
k. First dorsal segment of abdomen much elongated and with- 
out trace of a median impression. 

XVIII. Teimiomelba. 
JcJc. First dorsal shorter, equal to second. XIX. Melba. 

ii. Ninth and tenth antennal joints larger, less transverse; elytra 
with a discal stria and with two basal foveae but without 
subhumeral fovea ; sulcus of thorax not continued down the 
flanks but ending in small enlargements near the margin. 

Tkimioplectts. 

Eafomis tolnlce Lee dark brown, polished, clothed with long, 
dense pubescence, antennae and legs yellowish, length 2.1 mm., oc- 
curs rarely near Cincinnati. 

XV. RHExiusLee. 1849. (Gr., "I break.") 

Head and thorax each wider than long; tarsi with two unequal 
claws; antenna? elbowed. One of the three species occurs in the 
State. 

023 (1957). Khexius ixsculptus Lee. Eiost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. VI, 1S49. 
103. 

Subcylindrical, depressed. Pale reddish-brown, clothed with short erect 
hairs. Head twice as wide as long, base truncate, front rounded, concave 
and with three fovese; occiput carinate. Antennae reaching base of thorax, 
joints 3 to S transverse, nearly equal ; ninth twice as wide as third ; tenth 



330 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE. 



longer and wider: eleventh conical-ovate, as long as ninth and tenth to- 
gether. Thorax almost as wide as head, sides broadly carved; disk with 
a median groove, and a fovea each side near base connected by a trans- 
verse line. Elytra as wide as long; discal lines deep, confined to basal 
third ; humeri prominent, armed with a tubercle : margin with a sharp edge. 
Abdomen as wide as elytra, the basal segment with two short carina?. 
Length 1.2 mm. (Fig. 152. a.) 

Monroe. Lawrence and Clark counties; scarce. April 9-May S. 
Taken by sweeping bine-grass; also by sifting. 




Fig. 152. a, Rhexius insculptus; b, Rheiidius canaliculatus; c, Trimiomeiba dubia; d, Melba parvvla; e, Euphc- 
tus confluent. (After Brendel and Wickham.) 



XYI. Rhexidius Casey. 1887: (Gr.. ""a crack or fissure.") 

Head much wider than long : thorax with a median groove ; hind 
coxa? contiguous : tarsi with two unequal claws. One species occurs 
in the State. 

G24 (1971). Rhexidius caxalictlatus Lee. Bost. Journ. Nat, Hist.. VI. 
1849. 107. 

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Pale brownish-yellow, rather densely and 
finely pubescent. Head one-half wider than long, front transversely im- 
pressed : vertex elevated, feebly sulcate and with a small round fovea each 
side close to the eye. the two connected by a curved groove. Antenna? short, 
stout, not reaching base of thorax, joints one and two subequal. cylindrical, 
as long as wide: three to eight narrower, rounded, slightly transverse: 
ninth twice as wide as long: tenth twice as wide as ninth; eleventh wider 
than tenth and longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax widest at 
middle, sides broadly curved : disk convex, finely and sparsely punctate, and 
with an entire median impressed line and a transverse shallow one near 
base, connecting a fovea on each side. Elytra at base as wide as thorax, 
disk minutely punctate. Last ventral of male with a shallow transverse 
impression. Length 1.2 mm. (Fig. 132. &.) 

Putnam County; rare. April 17. Sifted from damp vegetable 
debris. 

Ramecia crinita BrencL brown, very densely pubescent, length 
1.6 mm., is said to occur in the "Northern States;" Bamccia arcu- 



THE AXT-LOYTXG BEETLES. 



ata Lee. brownish-yellow, legs and antennae paler, pubescence 
feeble. ]ength 1.2 mm., is known from the Middh and Southern 
States. ^ 

XVII. Euplectus Leach. 1817. (G-r... " good -fold.' 7 ) 

Depressed, linear ; abdomen with threg basal segments equal in 
length, the fourth prolonged, the border wide: ventrals six in fe- 
male: seven, the last one carinate. in male. The following species 
have been taken or may occur in the State : 

' KEY TO ENDIAMA SPECIES OE EDPEECTUS. 

a. Head narrower than thorax: first and second dorsal segments with 
short carina?: elytra convex: sutural lines deeply impressed, discal 
ones half the length of elytron. 625. eossulates. 

aa. Head as wide as or wider than thorax. 

lj. Fovea? of head widely distant, situated behind the middle : body less 
slender, more convex. 
c. Head not wider than thorax: shoulders wider than head or thorax. 

d. Sides of elytra nearly straight, divergent : sides of thorax broad- 

ly and evenly curved : pubescence feeble : length 1.2 mm. 

SPEXEEEB. 

dd. Sides of elytra curved: those of thorax sinuate behind middle: 
length 1.5 mm. ixterbepees. 
cc. Head wider than thorax. 

e. Shoulders wider than head, thorax narrower, as wide as long; 

base of abdomen narrower than elytra. coxgexee. 
ee. Shoulders as wide as head : sides of elytra parallel : form linear, 
subdepressed : head not punctured. lixeaeis. 
hh. Fovea? of head smaller, much nearer together, situated in front of 
middle : head strongly punctured. 626. coxeleexs. 

625 ( 9142 ). Eeplectes fosselates Brend.. Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa. II. 
1S91. 59. 

Dark brown, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head wider than long, de- 
pressed in front: occiput convex between the fovea*. Antenna? as long as 
head and thorax : joints three to eight very small, wider than long : ninth 
and tenth each one-half wider than the one preceding: eleventh oval- 
acuminate, longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax wider than long : 
disk minutely punctate and with a large fusiform median sulcus, which ends 
behind in a deep triangular fovea, the latter connected by a deep groove 
with a large fovea each side. Elytra with humeri high and prominent: 
each with three basal punctures. Length 1.2 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties: rare. May 11-May 2i. 
Taken by sifting. Casey places this under Tlusiastts but the two 
basal segments of abdomen are distinctly carinate as described by 
Brendel. 



332 



FAMILY X. PSELAPHIM 



E. spimfev Casey, brown, shining, not punctate, was described 
from Illinois; inierruptus Lee, rust-red, pubescence not dense, 
and E. congener* ' vasey, brown, legs paler, pubescence short, dense, 
conspicuous, are bLth recorded from near Cincinnati; E. linearis 
Lee. brown, length h~> mm., is said to occur ''east of the Mississippi 
River." 

626 (1981). ErPLECTt s confltjens Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849. 
105. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Uniform reddish-brown, finely pubescent. 
Head wider than long,, with two deep parallel grooves, the intervening space 
nearly smooth; elsewhere coarsely punctured. Antennas reaching middle 
of thorax, joints three to eight subequal, wider than long, bead-like ; ninth 
and tenth wider; eleventh ovate, wider than tenth. Thorax as wide as 
long, finely punctate ; disk with a deep oblong fovea before the middle and 
a triangular one near base, the latter feebly connected with a large deep 
one each side. Elytra faintly punctate, densely pubescent, discal lines deep 
at base, not reaching middle. Abdomen longer than elytra, the first and 
second dorsals carinate. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. (Fig. 152, e.) 

Marion County; rare. May 28. 

Bibloplectus ruficeps Lee, dark brown, elytra darker, surface 
not punctate, pubescence short and fine, length .7 mm., is known 
from Michigan and Illinois. 

The shim cavifrons Lee, reddish-brown, legs and antennas paler, 
pubescence rather dense, pale, length 8 mm., occurs in the "Mis- 
sissippi Valley. " 

Actium augustum Casey, pale reddish-yellow, length 1.2 mm., 
was described from Pennsylvania. 

XVIII. Trimiomelba Casey. 1897. 

Differs from Melba in its larger head with more remote fovea? ; 
longer first dorsal and second ventral segments ; ninth and tenth 
antennal joints small, doubly convex ; hind tarsi long, slender, the 
second joint twice as long as third. One species has been taken, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE TRIMIOMELBA. 

(/. Head rut punctate, the front obtusely rounded between the antenna*; 
fovea 1 of occiput small and deep: width across the shoulders equal 
to that of thorax. convexula. 
aa. Head distinctly punctate, the front more narrowly subangulate; foveae 
larger and less separated ; width of shoulders less than that of thorax. 

627. DUBIA. 

T. convexula Lee. deep yellow, very convex, pubescence not visi- 
ble, length ,7 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Illinois. 



THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 



627 (1969). Teimiomelba dubia Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 184'.), 108. 
Dull brownish-yellow, shining, very finely pubescent. Head slightly 

wider than long, finely but distinctly punctate. Antennse reaching middle 
of thorax, joints 3 to 8 bead-like, very small, ninth and tenth wider but not 
longer, eleventh very large, ovate-conical. Thorax as wide as long, widest 
just in front of middle, disk with a deep transverse sulcus at base, connect- 
ing a small fovea each side. Elytra each with two basal fovea?, the discal 
line reaching middle. Length .8 mm. (Fig. 152, c.) 

Putnam County; rare. April 22.* 

XIX. Melba Casey. 1897. (A name.) 

Head smaller; last antenna! joint large, cone-shaped ; occiput in 
our species with a median impression; first dorsal not elongate; 
second ventral shorter than the next two. Males with front and 
middle femora much swollen. Three species perhaps occur in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELBA. 

(/. Discal striae of elytra short. 

1). Thorax not punctured, as wide as head. 628. parvula. 

hi). Thorax finely and distinctly punctured, wider than head. 

THORACICA. 

aa. Discal stria? half the length of each elytron. 629. maja. 

628 (1966) . Melba parvula Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 108. 
Brownish-yellow, shining, finely pubescent. Head one-fifth wider than 

long, smooth, frontal margin slightly curved; occipital fovea? deep. An- 
tennae as in T. dubia, the last joint larger. Thorax subglobose, narrower at 
base ; disk with a deep transverse basal groove which is angulate at middle 
and unites with a small fovea each side. Elytra strongly convex, the discal 
groove limited to basal fourth. Length 1 mm. (Fig. 152, d.) 

Starke and Monroe connties ; rare. May 8-May 18. 

M. thoracica Brend., dull yellow, pubescence fine, abundant, 
length .9 mm., was described from Illinois and Iowa, and is said to 
occur on moist, rotten wood, with ants, and to be abundant in June. 

G29 ( ). Melba maja Brend., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIX, 1892, 167. 

Differs from parvula in the longer discal stria of elytra and in having 
the sutural stria punctured on the outer side. Length 1.1 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 17. 

Trirniopleefvs o~b$oleius Brend., yellow, pubescence fine and 
sparse, length 1.2 mm., was described from Iowa and may occur in 
Northern Indiana. 



334 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLINIM. 



Family XT. STAPHYLINIDiE. 
The Rove Beetles. The Sbort- winged Scavenger Beetles. 

A very large family of slender-bodied, small or medium-sized 
beetles having the elytra truncate and very short, leaving always 
some of the abdominal segments exposed, and covering usually only 
two or three of them. The abdomen, both above and beneath, is of 
corneous or horn-like texture, yet very flexible, and when the in- 
sect is disturbed it is turned up over the back as if the beetle were 
about to sting. However, they are perfectly harmless, though some- 
times disagreeable on account of emitting an odorous fluid from the 
tip of the abdomen. The ventral segments are eight (rarely seven) 
in number, while there are ten dorsal ones. The wings are usually 
fully developed, often exceeding the abdomen in length, and when 
not in use are folded beneath the short elytra. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Staphylinidae have 
the labial palpi three-jointed except in Tribe I ; maxillary palpi 4- 
jointed (5- jointed in Aleochara) ; mandibles long, sharp and sickle- 
shaped, usually crossing one another at tips when at rest; an- 
tennae variable in insertion and form, 11- (rarely 10-) jointed; 
mesosternum short, its sidepieces large ; metasternum rather large, 
with narrow sidepieces; front coxae usually large, conical, promi- 
nent and contiguous, the coxal cavities rarely closed behind; hind 
coxae contiguous except in the second subfamily; tarsi usually 5- 
jointed, rarely 4- or 3-jointed. 

In habits the Staphylinids are to be classed as beneficial, as they 
feed upon decaying animal and vegetable substances, and thus not 
only act as scavengers, but also aid in reducing the manure heap, 
and the manure when spread, into a more available form of plant 
food. The larvae, except in the absence of wings, resemble the 
adults both in structure and habits, and together with them occur 
beneath bark, in fungi and in decaying plants, while some are guests 
in the nests of ants, being reared and attended as carefully while 
young, as are the young of the ants themselves. 

Sharp says that ' ' it is probable that one-hundred thousand spe- 
cies or even more of Staphylinidae are at present in existence." 
This may be an exaggeration. But 9,000 species are at present de- 
scribed, 1,500 of which are from the United States alone, and many 
new ones are turning up each year. As in the other families, the 
present paper treats only of those which have been taken in the 
State, or which, from their known range, should occur. It is prob- 
able that fully half as many more really occur, many of which are 
at present unknown to science. The literature treating of the 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



335 



known North American species is scattered through many volumes 
and the more important papers will be mentioned under the respec- 
tive tribal headings. 

The family is divided into eleven subfamilies, nine of which are 
known to be represented in the State, while the other two may be. 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF STAPHYLINIDAC. 

a. Antennae 11- (rarely 10-) jointed, without abrupt club and not received 
in cavities on the under side of thorax:. 
b. Antennae inserted upon the front between the eyes, and behind their 
front margin. 

c. Front coxae large, conical ; hind coxae transverse, contiguous ; fourth 
joint of maxillary palpi distinct; antennae not at all clavate; 
thoracic spiracles visible. Subfamily I. Aleocharijnlf:, p. 336. 
cc. Front coxae small ; hind coxae small, conical, widely separated ; 
fourth joint of maxillary palpi obsolete ; antennae slender, the 
last three joints suddenly larger ; eyes large and prominent. 

Subfamily III. Stenin^e, p. 400. 
lib, Antennae not inserted upon the front between the eyes; hind coxae 
contiguous. 

<1. Antennae inserted at the front margin of the front of the head, fili- 
form or gradually thickened; fourth joint of maxillary palpi dis- 
tinct. Subfamily II. Staphylinin^, p. 307. 
dd. Antennae inserted at the sides of the front, of the head. 

c. Front coxae conical, prominent, rarely (Tribe Proteinini) trans- 
verse. 
f. Hind coxae conical. 
g. Tarsi 5- jointed, very rarely the middle and hind ones 4- 
jointed ; front coxae long, strongly projecting from the pro- 
sternum ; eyes not prominent ; antennae inserted under a 
more or less prominent frontal ridge. 

Subfamily IV. P^ederin m, p. 414. 
gg. Tarsi 4-jointed; front coxae short; first joint of maxillary 
palpi at least one-half as long as second. 

Subfamily VII. Eu.f;sthetinje. p. 458. 
//. Hind coxae transverse or triangular. 

7;. Seventh ventral segment retractile and hidden. 

i. Head inclined, narrower than thorax and more or less in- 
serted in the latter ; body convex, conical and pointed 
behind ; thoracic spiracles visible ; epipleura distinctly 
limited by a carina. 

Subfamily V. Tachyporin.e. p. 441. 
it. Head directed forward ; body slender, depressed ; epipleura 
ill defined, not limited by a carina: thoracic spiracles 
hidden. Subfamily VI. Phlceocharin.f:, p. 457. 

7//?. Seventh ventral segment exposed; antennae inserted under 
the widened margins of the front of head. 

L 22— 23402] 



336 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINID/E. 



j. Middle coxae very widely separated ; front of head trun- 
cate just before the eyes; last joint of labial palpi very 
large, lunate. Subfamily VIII. Oxyporin^e, p. 459. 
jj. Middle coxae contiguous or nearly so ; front more or less 
prolonged before the eyes; labial palpi with last joint 
normal. Subfamily IX. Oxyteltn^, p. 461. 

ee. Front coxae globose, not prominent; hind coxae transverse; form 
very elongate, slender, parallel. 

Subfamily X. Piestin^e, p. 483. 
a a. Antennae 9-jointed with abrupt club, received in cavities on under side 
of thorax ; hind coxae small, rounded and widely separated. 

Subfamily XI. Micropeplin^e, p. 484. 

Subfamily I. ALEOCHARINAE.* 

Antennae inserted between the eyes and behind their front mar- 
gin, 11- jointed (10- jointed in the Tribe Oligotini) ; elytra either 
covering entirely the first two dorsal plates of the abdomen or leav- 
ing the apical half of the second plate uncovered; abdomen mar- 
gined at the sides, the second ventral plate rudimentary ; front coxae 
conical, prominent, usually shorter than the front thighs; hind 
coxae contiguous, with broad, flat external laminas and with elevated 
internal laminae, the latter narrowed behind or subparallel; tarsi 
variable, 3-, 4- or 5-jointed. 

The larvae are but little known, greatly resembling in general 
those of the Tachyporime. The species of Aleocharinse are among 
the smallest of the family, are very numerous and their life habits 
are extremely diversified. They occur under stones, on dead ani- 
mals, in excrement, in mushrooms and toadstools, in decaying veg- 
etable matter, under the bark of various trees, under moss, in old 
tree trunks and at running sap. Some live on the shores of running 
or stagnant water, some exclusively on the seashore or on the shores 
of brackish water, while others live in shore sand, in caves, a few in 
flowers and a great number in the nests of ants and termites. A 
few are also found in the nests of vertebrate animals, like wood- 
rats, squirrels, swallows, etc. No member of the subfamily is known 
to have any economic importance except as a scavenger. 

The best works of reference on the American AleocharinaB are : 

Erichson. — Kasfer cler Mark Brandenburg, Berlin, 1837. 

Genera et species Staphylinorum, Berlin, 1840. 

Ganglhauer. — Die Kasfer von Mitteleuropa, II. Wien, 1895. 

Casey. — 1 1 Observations on the Staphylinid Groups Aleocharina?, 
and Xantholinini, chiefly of America," in Trans. Acad. Sci. 
St. Louis, XVI, 1906, 125-434. 

*The outline and keys to tribes and genera of this subfamily were furnished by Dr. A. Fenyes of Pasadena 
California, through whose hinds all the species have passed. The other matter, including keys to species and 
descriptions, was prepared by the writer. — W. S. B. 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



Fenyes. — "A Preliminary Systematic arrangement of the Aleo- 
charinse of the United States and Canada," in Entom. News. 
XIX, 1908, 56-65. 
The work of Director L. Ganglbauer has been the one principally 
drawn npon for the present classification of the subfamily. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA TRIBES OF ALEOCHARINiE. 

a. Head prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the maxilla? entirely 
corneous or horn-like, its inner side with teeth or spines. 
&. All the tarsi with three joints. Tribe I. Dinopsini, p. 337. 

&&. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints. 

Tribe II. Myll^nini, p. 338. 
aa. Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the maxillae 
corneous on the outer side, coriaceous or leather-like on the inner 
side. 

c. All the tarsi with four joints. 

d. Antenna? with 11 joints. Tribe III. Hygronomini, p. 338. 

dd. Antenna? with ten joints. Tribe IV. Oligotini, p. 339. 

cc. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints. 

Tribe V. Bolitocharini, p. 339. 
ccc. Front tarsi with four, middle and hind tarsi with five joints. 

Tribe VI. Myrmedoniini, p. 344. 
cccc. All the tarsi with Jive joints. Tribe VII. Aleocharini, p. 360. 

Tribe I. DINOPSINI. 

Head prolonged in a broad and short beak in front. Lobes of 
the maxillas very long and narrow, the inner lobe entirely horn- 
like, its inner side with nneqnal teeth on apical half. Maxillary 
palpi very long and slender, apparently only three-jointed, the 
fourth joint minute, scarcely visible, aciculate. Labial palpi with 
the basal joint very large, elongate, the second and third joints 
small. All the tarsi with three joints. 

The tribe contains only the single genus : 

I. Dinopsis Matth. 1838, (Gr., "wonderful + face.") 

Antenna? slender, head rather large ; thorax transverse, elytra as 
long as or one-third longer than thorax ; abdomen strongly narrowed 
behind the middle and with two anal styles. 
630 ( 2088). Dinopsis Americana Kr., Linn. Ent, XI, 1857, 38. 

Elongate, slender, depressed. Piceous, subopaque, sparsely clothed with 
very fine short, prostrate pubescence ; antenme, labrum, palpi and tarsi dull 
yellow. Thorax convex, more than twice as wide as long, sides rounded on 
apical half, hind angles rectangular ; surface, as well as that of elytra and 
abdomen, very minutely and densely granulate-punctate. Elytra one- third 
longer than thorax, the granules arranged in oblique stria?. Length 3 mm. 

Putnam and Franklin counties ; rare. June 11-September 25. 



338 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLIXIDJE. 



631 (2089). Dixopsis myix^noides Kr., Linn. Ent.. XI, 1857. 38. 
Smaller and somewhat paler than americana. Dull brown, the thorax 

and elytra thickly clothed with silken yellowish prostrate pubescence ; an- 
tenna?, legs, front margin of thorax and last ventral and dorsal segments, 
dull brownish-yellow. Thorax and elytra as in americana. the latter about 
as long as thorax, the granules finer. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Laporte and Posey counties ; scarce. April 18-July 15. Occurs 
in moist places beneath rubbish. 

Tribe II. MYLLiENINI. 

Head prolonged in a beak in front. Lobes of the maxillae very 
long and slender, the inner lobe entirely corneous, its inner side with 
saw-like teeth. Maxillary palpi very long and slender. Labial 
palpi very thin, bristle-like. Front and middle tarsi with four, 
hind tarsi with five joints. 

The tribe contains only one genus. 

II. Myll2ena Er. 1837. (Or., "to twist.") 

Antennas slender, head rather small ; elytra as long as or shorter 
than the thorax; abdomen strongly narrowed toward the apex. 

632 (2086). AIyll.exa minuta Grvh.. Mom Col. Mien, 1806. 174. 

Dark brown; legs and apical third of antennae dull yellow. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, sides of disk strongly sloping toward the front 
angles, which are rounded. Elytra about two-thirds the length of thorax, 
its surface, as well as that of the latter, densely and minutely punctate. 
Length 2 mm. 

Putnam County; frequent. March 20-October 17. Taken by 
sifting vegetable debris from about a hillside spring. 

633 ( ). Myllexa vulpixa Brnh.. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr.. 1907. 3S1. 

Head, thorax and abdomen in great part piceous; legs, basal joint of 

antennae, tip of abdomen and elytra (in great part) brownish-yellow: an- 
tennae and base of elytra fuscous. Thorax one-third wider than long, hind 
angles obtusely rounded. Elytra as wide and as long as thorax, the sur- 
face, as well as that of the latter, minutely and densely punctate; apex 
notched near the outer angle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than 
elytra ; densely and finely punctate. Length 2.2 mm. 

Laporte County : rare. July 15. 

Tribe III. HYGRONOMINI. 

Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; antennae with eleven 
joints; inner lobe of the maxillae externally corneous, internally 
coriaceous ; all the tarsi with four joints. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



339 



The only genus of the tribe occurring in Indiana is : 

III. Gyronycha Casey. 1893. (Gr.. "circle + claw. ") 

Elongate, linear, depressed; head of moderate size; antennae 
long, slender, the outer joints usually slightly enlarged; third joint 
of maxillary palpi but slightly longer than second ; thorax oblong ; 
elytra long and well developed; tarsal claws divergent, abruptly 
bent downward behind the middle. 

634 (9608). Gyronycha fusctceps Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII. 1893, 
376. 

Dull reddish-brown, head piceous ; legs and basal joints of antenna? pale 
yellow. Head about as long as wide, shorter and slightly narrower than 
thorax: antennae as long as thorax and elytra, the outer joints feebly but 
distinctly larger, the third shorter than the second. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, sides feebly rounded ; disk, as well as that of elytra, faintly alu- 
taceous. minutely and densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider and longer 
than the thorax, thickly clothed with fine, short yellowish pubescence. 
Length 2.7 mm. 

Putnam County: rare. October 17. 

Tribe IT. OLIGOTINI. 

Head not prolonged in a beak in front. Antenna? with ten joints 
only. Inner lobe of the maxilla? as in the preceding tribe. All the 
tarsi with four joints. 

Although no representative of the tribe has been found thus far 
in Indiana, yet it is very probable that one or more members of the 
following genus occur : 

Oligota Mannh. 1830. (Gr.. "little.") 

Very small: antenna? short, the outer joints much thickened; 
head rather small, narrower than thorax, base not constricted; tho- 
rax very short, much wider than long, as vide at base as elytra 
which are rather short ; abdomen pointed behind. 

Tribe Y. BOLITOCHARIXI. 

Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the max- 
illae horn-like or corneous on inner side, leather-like on outer side 
(in Silusa the whole inner lobe is horn-like). Front and middle 
tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints. The following genera 
are probably represented in the State : 



no 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLINIML 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BOLITOCHAKINI. 

a. Mesosternal process broadly truncate or einarginate behind; middle 
coxae widely separated ; labial palpi with two joints only. 

IV. Gyrophjena. 

(id- Mesosternal process more or less pointed behind; middle coxae moder- 
ately separated or contiguous. 

b. Labial palpi with two joints only. 

c Hind tarsi with the first joint at least as long as the second and 
third together; front tarsi with the first joint distinctly longer 
than the second ; ligula very broad and short, very broadly 
rounded in front ; labial palpi short, their first joint swollen. 

Placusa. 

cc. Hind tarsi with the first joint not or only a little longer than the 
second ; front tarsi with the first three joints equally long ; ligula 
very narrow ; labial palpi with both joints more or less elongate. 
d, Labial palpi moderately long, not bristle-like ; ligula moderately 
narrow^, split at tip ; body depressed. V. Homalota. 

dd. Labial palpi very narrow, prominent, stiff, bristle-like; ligula 
very narrow, entire, more or less narrowed toward tip; body 
rather convex. Silusa. 
Labial palpi with three joints. 
e, Ligula entire. 

/. Labial palpi with the second joint as long as and scarcely nar- 
rower than the first. VI. Leptusa. 
ff. Labial palpi with the second joint longer and narrower than the 
first; thorax wider than elytra. VII. Philotermes. 
ee. Ligula split, or bifid at tip. VIII. Bolitochara. 

IV. Gyroph^na Mannh. 1830. (Or., ' ' a circle + to show. ") 

Form short and broad; antenna? rather short; head strongly 
transverse; eyes prominent; third joint of maxillary palpi thick- 
ened; thorax short, broad, distinctly margined; elytra large, abdo- 
men short and broad; surface smooth, shining, almost destitute of 
hairs or punctures. , The species live in fungi and are gregarious. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GYROPH^ENA. 

a. Antennae abruptly dilated beyond the fourth joint, the last seven joints 
forming a loose parallel club. 
1>. Elytra and abdomen almost wholly black or piceous. 

(535. COKKUSCULA. 

bb. Elytra and abdomen almost wholly pale. 636. lobata. 

aa. Antennal joints gradually enlarged from fourth joint to tip ; abdomen 
bicolored. - 

c. Eyes always separated by more than twice their own width ; base 

and apex of abdomen pale. 637. vinula. 

cc. Eyes more convex, separated by not more than their own width ; 
basal half of abdomen pale, apex black. 63S. dissimilis. 



THE S II E T - W I X G IvI ) SC A. Y \iS < E \ l UKKTl.ES. 



341 



635 (20S0). G yrop hje n a corri sclla Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 189. 
Short, broad, subparallel. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra often more 

or less brownish ; antennae and legs pale yellow. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, slightly wider than head, sides curved, surface minutely and sparsely 
punctate. Elytra a little wider and longer than thorax, sparsely pubescent; 
minutely, roughly and sparsely punctate. Length 1-1.5 mm. 

Marion, Monroe and Posey comities; frequent locally. June 2- 
October 31. Occurs in leathery fungi on sides of oak and beech 
stumps. 

636 (- ). GYROPHrENA lobata Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, XVI, 

190G, 293. 

Rather stout, spindle-shaped. Brownish-yellow, shining; head black, 
outer apical angle of elytra, disk of thorax and fourth dorsal segment of ab- 
domen more or less fuscous. Antenna? reaching base of elytra, joints 5-10 
brownish, slightly wider than long. Thorax much wider than head, two- 
thirds wider than long, sides broadly rounded into base ; disk smooth with 
the exception of about ten widely scattered punctures, the post-median pair 
strong. Elytra a fourth wider and one-half longer than thorax, minutely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 2,2 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. May 22. Taken by sweeping. Described 
from New York. 

637 (2077). Gyroph^ena vinuia Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1S40, 186. 
Rather stout, subparallel. Pale reddish-yellow; head, apical third of 

elytra, except at suture, and fourth and fifth dorsal segments of abdomen 
black or piceous. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, parallel and 
rounded on the sides; surface very sparsely and obsoletely punctate with 
two larger punctures behind the middle. Elytra about one-fifth wider and 
one-half longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.5- 
2.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. March 20-September 25. 
Occurs on fleshy fungi. 

638 (2078). Gyrophjena dissimius Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 186. 
Form of vinuia. Pale dull yellow; head, apical angles of elytra and 

apical half of abdomen blackish ; antennae and legs yellow. Thorax wider 
than head, nearly twice as wide as long, otherwise as in vinuia. Elytra 
with the humeri more narrowly exposed than in that species. Length 1.5- 
2.3 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent, May 13-September 25. 

Placusa Er. 1837. (Gr., "plate,") 

Antennae sunt, head rather small; thorax broad, strongly trans- 
verse ; elytra large, abdomen subparallel. 

Xo member of the genus has as yet been recorded from Indiana, 
but its occurrence in the State is very probable. 



342 



FAMILY XI. — STAPH YLIN~IDiE. 



V. Homalota Maniih. 1330. (Gr., "a flat surface.") 

To this genus, as characterized in the key, belongs one Indiana 
species. 

639 (200S). Homalota plana Gyllh., Ins. Suec, I. 1810. 402. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Pieeons, opaque; antennas elytra and last 
dorsal segment of abdomen brownish ; legs dull yellow. Head large, its sur- 
face densely and rather coarsely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than 
bead, one-fourth narrower at base than apex; sides rounded, disk finely 
and densely punctate and with a distinct .median impressed line. Elytra 
one-third wider and about one-half longer than thorax, densely and rather 
coarsely punctate. Abdomen as long as the rest of the body, slightly nar- 
rower than elytra : its sides parallel and of equal width to terminal seg- 
ment. Length 2.5-2.S mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. February 4-December 7 
Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris. 

VI. Leptusa Kr. 1858. (Gr., " slender.") 

Elongate, slender parallel forms having the antennae rather 
short, head moderately large, thorax usually narrower than elytra 
and slightly narrower at base than apex. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE LEPTUSA. 

Abdomen in great part pale. 

b. Thorax and elytra uniform brownish-pieeous, much darker than the 
base of abdomen. 640. caseyi. 

bo. Thorax and elytra reddish-yellow, or of the same hue as the basal 
portion of abdomen. 641. elegans. 

aa. Abdomen, as well as thorax and elytra, dark brown or piceous. 

642. OBSCURA 

640 ( ). Leptusa caseyi Feny.. Entoin. News.. XVIII. 1907. 61; tri- 

color Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI. 1906. 351. 
Slender, parallel, convex. Uniform dark brown or piceous, subopaque ; 
abdomen pale reddish-yellow the fourth and fifth dorsal segments in part 
or wholly piceous ; antenme black, paler at base and tips ; legs pale. An- 
tennae longer than head and thorax, the second and third joints elongate 
and subequal. the outer joints broader than long. . Thorax a third wider 
than head and two-fifths wider than long ; surface rather coarsely, densely 
and shallowly punctate. Elytra slightly wider, one-third longer and more 
deeply and roughly punctate than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 22. Taken by sifting. This is 
Casey's tricolor described from Iowa and Cincinnati, Ohio. Fenyes. 
loc. tit., showed^ that Casey's name was preoccupied. 

641 ( ). Leptusa elegans sp. nov. 

Form of caseyi, but a little more slender. Reddish-yellow, shining, 
sparsely clothed with very fine prostrate hairs; head, middle joints of an- 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



343 



tenme and fourth and fifth segments of abdomen pic-eons. Antennae shorter 
than in caseyi, the second and third joints shorter and more narrow at base 
than there. Thorax one-third wider than long; sides strongly rounded into 
base and apex ; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a distinct im- 
pression in front of scutellum. Elytra not wider and scarcely longer than 
thorax ; surface coarsely, roughly and densely punctate. Abdomen not wider 
than elytra, parallel to tip; finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Described from four specimens taken near San Pierre, Pulaski 
County. June 19. Occurs beneath cover in dry sandy places. A 
handsome little species of nearly equal width throughout. 

042 ( )• Leptusa orscuea sp. nov. 

Form of caseyi. Piceous, subopaque; thorax and elytra dark brown: 
base of antenna? and legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than head, sides 
rounded into base, disk rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra two- 
thirds longer and distinctly wider than thorax; more coarsely and roughly 
punctate than there. Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 17-April 22. A 
•pair taken in coitu from beneath a chunk in low open woods. 

VII. Philotermes Kr. 1857, (Gr.. "to love + termes. ") 

Small and rather broad species having the head large, antennae 
stout; abdomen large, flat; legs rather short. The species live with 
termites or white ants. 

643 (2073). Philotermes pilosus Kr., Linn. Entom., XI, 1857. 14. 
Rather broad, depressed, parallel. Reddish-yellow, strongly shining. 

sparsely clothed with short, erect yellowish hairs ; elytra and fourth and 
fifth abdominal segments indefinitely darker. Head not punctate. Thorax 
subelliptical. twice as wide as head, truncate in front, sides rounded into 
base; surface smooth or nearly so. Elytra one-half longer but much nar- 
rower than thorax and slightly wider than abdomen, smooth. Abdomen not 
punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 19-May 26. Oc- 
curs in the nests of the white ant or termite, Termes flauipes Koll., 
which are usually in rotten or decayed wood. The beetles are very 
active and often quickly escape when the nest or gallery is un- 
covered. 

644 (2075). Philotermes euchsii Kraatz.. Linn. Ent. Zeits.. XI, 1S57. 14. 
More slender than pilosus. Fuscous or smoky brown, shining, thickly 

pubescent ; antenna? and legs paler. Antenna? longer than head and thorax, 
joints 4-10 wider than long; eleventh larger, ovate-acuminate. Thorax as 
wide at middle as length of elytra, all the angles rounded; apex truncate; 
surface, as well as that of head, finely and very densely punctate with yel- 



344 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLIHIDJE. 



lowish erect hairs ou sides and scattered erect black ones on disk. Elytra 
less densely and less finely punctured. Seventh segment of abdomen closely 
punctured above and with an inferior lobe in male. Length 1.2 mm. 

Marion County; rare. May 15. Taken from among termites 
beneath bark. Described from Tennessee. 

VIII. Bolitochara Mannh. 1830. (Gr. 5 1 ' fungi - to delight in.") 

Rather broad forms having the antennas short, stout, less than 
half the length of body; abdomen somewhat narrowed toward tip; 
legs long and slender. 

645 (2009). Bolitochaea trimaculata Er., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1S40, 105. 
Rather stout and broad, subparallel. Dark brown to piceous, shining, 

sparsely clothed with short, prostrate yellowish hairs; elytra dull yellow, 
with the apical half, except at suture, and a common rounded basal median 
spot, dark brown : legs and basal joints of antennae yellow : basal half of ab- 
domen often tinged with reddish. Thorax subelliptical, more than one-half 
wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk rather finely and closely 
punctate and with a rounded impression in front of scutellum. Elytra 
slightly wider and two-thirds longer than thorax, coarsely, roughly and 
shallowly punctate. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra, coarsely and 
rather closely punctate both above and below. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds cf State; scarce. March 20-November 5. 
Taken from beneath debris in damp localities. 

646 (9591). Bolitochaea blanchardi Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. ScL, VII, 

1892, 369. 

Rather stout, parallel. Head black ; thorax piceous, slightly paler along 
the basal margin ; elytra fuscous, the basal third and often the suture, dull 
yellow ; legs and abdomen reddish-yellow, the last two or three segments 
of the latter in great part piceous. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, 
sides broadly rounded into base, disk finely, densely and somewhat roughly 
punctate and with a distinct impression on middle of base. Elytra slightly 
wider and one-half longer than thorax, impressed along the suture on basal 
half, rather finely and closely punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower than 
elytra, feebly tapering, finely and densely punctate : fifth dorsal segment of 
male carinate at middle. Length 2.7-3.2 mm. 

Fulton. Marion and Putnam counties; frequent. April 30-No- 
vember 28. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

Tribe YI. MYRMEDON1INI. 

Head not prolonged in a beak in front : inner lobe of the maxillae 
with its outer side horn-like, its inner side leather-like. Front tarsi 
with four, middle and Jiind tarsi with live joints. The following 
genera are known to be represented in the State. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



345 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYRMEDONIINI. 

(/. Sides of the front dorsal segments of abdomen without tufts of hair. 
b. Maxillary cavity or hiatus only narrowly separated from and not 
reaching as far behind as the eyes; inner lobe of maxillae with a 
row of long, curved teeth, or comb-like on the inner margin toward 
the curved apex ; epimera of metasternum as a rule not reachiug 
beyond the hind margin of elytra. 
c. Head strongly constricted behind into a neck, the latter only about 
one-fourth as wide as head. 
cl. Scutellum not carinate. IX. Chitalia. 

del, Scutellum acutely and strongly carinate. X. Falageia. 

cc. Head not or only moderately constricted behind. 

e. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base distinctly trans- 
versely sulcate or transversely constricted. 
f. First joint of hind tarsi at least as long as second and third 
together. XL Tachyusa. 

//. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than second and third to- 
gether. 

g. Thorax transversely impressed at base. XII. Gnypeta. 
gg. Thorax not impressed at base. XIII. Meronera. 

ee. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base not transversely sul- 
cate or constricted. 
h. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with four joints. 

i. Seventh segment of abdomen not carinate in male. 

XIV. Tinotus. 

ii. Seventh segment of abdomen carinate in male. 

j. First four joints of hind tarsi gradually decreasing in 
length; elytra simple in male. XV. Platandria. 

jj. First four joints of hind tarsi equal ; elytra carinate in 
male. XVI. Hoplandria. 

hh. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints. 

Jc. Abdomen wholly without punctures ; basal joint of hind tarsi 
as long as the next two combined. XVII. Xesturida. 
Jck. Abdomen with distinct punctures ; hind tarsi wuth four basal 
joints equal. 

7. Entire body clothed with rather long erect hairs. 

XVIII. Trichitjsa. 
II. Body at most in parts clothed with erect hairs. 

XIX. Atheta. 

bb. Maxillary hiatus or cavity separated from the eyes by rather large 
cheeks and reaching behind further than the eyes; inner lobe of 
maxillae with three or four curved teeth on the inward turned apex 
and with long and dense pubescence behind these teeth, the outer 
lobe very long and slender; epimera of metasternum always reach- 
ing beyond the hind margin of elytra ; first joint of hind tarsi elon- 
gate longer than second and third joints together. XX. Zyras. 
aa. Sides of front dorsal segments of abdomen with dense tufts of yell >\\ 
hairs. XXI. Xeistodtsa. 



346 



FAMILY XI.- — STAPHYLINlfjiE. 



IX. ClITTALTA Slip. 1883. 

Rather elongate species having the head large ; antennae long and 
stout, the last joint much shorter than the two preceding combined; 
thorax cordate; elytra with prominent, almost square shoulders: ab- 
domen nearly parallel ; middle coxae widely separated ; legs long and 
stout, the basal joint of hind tarsi much shorter than the next three 
combined. 

647 ( 2002). Chitalia bilobata Say. Trans. 

Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1S36. 
156; ibid. II. 5S9. 
Elongate rather stout convex. Dark brown 
to piceous. shining ; legs and basal joints of 
antenna? brownish-yellow. Thorax cordate, 
slightly wider than head and as long as wide, 
sides rounded in front, strongly converging 
behind ;" disk finely and sparsely punctate and 
with a wide, deep median groove; seutellum 
finely and densely granulate and often with 
a median line. Elytra one-half wider than 
thorax, as wide as long, finely and sparsely 
granulate-punctate., more densely so on basal 
half. Abdomen narrower than elytra, rather 
closely and roughly punctate. Length 3- 
Fig. 153. X 15. (Original.) 3.3 mm. (Fig. 153.) 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 16-Octobcr 31. Taken 
beneath bark and by sifting vegetable debris in moist woods. 

. X. Falagria Mannh. 1830. 

This genus is closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly by 
having the seutellum distinctly carinate. The meso- and metasterna 
are on the same plane, whereas in Chitalia the mesosternum is raised 
above the metasternnni. 

648 (1996). Falagria cixgulata Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1S66. 
370. 

Elongate, slender, convex. Pale to dark reddish-brown, shining, feebly 
pubescent ; elytra often paler at base : apical half of abdomen blackish ; legs 
dull yellow or in part piceous. Antennse reaching apex of elytra, second and 
third joints subequal. Thorax narrower than head, longer than wide, sides 
rounded in front, converging and sinuate toward base ; disk minutely and 
sparsely punctate and with a deep median groove. Seutellum finely and 
sparsely granulate and with a single median carina. Elytra nearly twice 
as wide but not much longer than thorax, minutely and indistinctly punc- 
tate. Abdomen narrower than elytra, slightly widened behind the middle, 
finely and rather closely punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Putnam. Monroe. Lawrence and Posey counties: scarce. April 
18-June 9. Taken by sifting. Much more slender, with a nar- 




THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES, 



347 



rower and less deeply grooved thorax and a more distinctly punc- 
tured head than in Chit alia bilobata. 

649 (2003). Falagria dissecta Ei\, Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 49. 
Stouter and a little shorter than cingulata. Black or piceous, shining, 

sparsely clothed with short fine hairs ; antenna? and elytra often brownish ; 
legs brownish-yellow. Antennae not reaching middle of elytra. Thorax 
wider than head and slightly wider than long, sides strongly rounded in 
front, thence converging to base; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with 
a deep median groove. Scutellum with two carinse at middle. Elytra one- 
half wider and slightly longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate ; 
abdomen parallel, narrower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 26-Decem- 
ber 7. Taken by sifting. The darker color and the two carinae of 
scutellum readily distinguish this from cingulata. 

XI. Tachyusa Erichs. 1837. (Gr., "swift.") 

Slender-bodied forms having the antennae long and slender; 
middle coxae almost contiguous ; thorax narro wer than elytra ; abdo- 
men narrow, usually constricted at base and with the first three 
dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, the impressions coarsely 
sculptured and divided on the median line by a fine carina which 
joins the raised basal margin. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYUSA. 

a. Abdomen highly polished, almost smooth; larger, 3-3.5 mm. 

650. GRACILLIMA. 

a a. Abdomen alutaceous and pubescent, minutely and closely punctate; 
smaller, not over 2.8 mm. 
1). Thorax convex or feebly flattened ; abdomen wholly dark. 

651. AMERICANA. 

1)1). Thorax with a deep median groove ; abdomen pale at base. 

652. CAVICOLLIS. 

650 (2046). Tachyusa gracillima Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29. 
Elongate, slender. Blackish-piceous, shining; antennae and legs red- 
dish-brown, tarsi yellow; basal segments of abdomen reddish. Antennae 
reaching tips of elytra, the second and third joints elongate, sub-equal. 
Thorax about as wide as long, scarcely wider than head; sides feebly 
rounded in front, almost straight on basal half ; disk finely and rather 
densely punctate, in female often with a faint median impression. Elytra 
one-half wider and two-thirds longer than thorax, rather coarsely, sparsely 
and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at base than middle. 
Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Starke and Lawrence counties; scarce. June 4-June 16. Prob- 
ably occurs sparingly along shores throughout the State. 



348 



FAMILY XT. STAPH YLINIDJE. 



G51 (— ). Tachtusa ameeicana Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 
XVI, 1906, 207. 

Slender, convex. Blackish-piceous, shining, sparsely clothed with pros- 
trate yellowish pubescence ; elytra dark brown, the tips paler ; antennse fus- 
cous or reddish-brown; legs pale yellow, the femora often darker. An- 
tennae reaching middle of elytra, the second joint longer than third. Thorax 
about as long as wide, distinctly wider than head, disk convex (male), 
feebly flattened along the middle (female), finely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra about one-half wider and a third longer than thorax, minutely, 
sparsely and roughly punctate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. 

Clark and Posey counties ; scarce. May 6- June 3. 

652 (2043). Tachyusa cavicollis Lee, New Sp. N. Araer. Col., I, 1863, 29. 
Elongate, very slender, sparsely and finely pubescent. Thorax and ely- 
tra reddish-brown, the latter with tips paler; head and apical half of ab- 
domen piceous ; antennae and legs pale yellow, the former fuscous at apex ; 
base of abdomen reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides 
nearly straight; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a broad deep 
groove at middle. Elytra a third wider and one-half longer than thorax, 
finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at 
base than middle. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. August 7. 

XII. Gnypeta Thorns. 1857. (Gr., "to fall on the knees.") 

Rather stout species having the middle coxae well separated, their 
cavities closed behind ; antennse rather long ; neck two-thirds or more 
as wide as head; thorax with a short transverse impression before 
the scutellum; abdomen narrower than elytra, very feebly con- 
stricted at base. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GNYPETA. 

a. Deep black; thorax widest at apical third; dorsal basal segments of ab- 
domen coarsely and distinctly punctured. 653. nigeella. 
cm. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; thorax widest at middle; basal seg- 
ments of abdomen without punctures. 654. baltifeea. 

653 (2044). Gnypeta nigeella Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29. 
Deep black throughout, shining, sparsely clothed with fine grayish 

hairs; antennse and legs piceous. Antennse reaching base of thorax, the 
first three joints equal in length. Thorax slightly wider than head, two- 
fifths wider than long, sides broadly rounded in front, thence feebly con- 
verging to base; disk almost without punctures, but with a faint median 
line and a transverse impression at base. Elytra distinctly wider and one- 
half longer than, thorax, minutely and densely punctate. Abdomen nar- 
rower than elytra, parallel to near apex. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Starke and Lawrence counties; scarce. Probably throughout 
the State. May 11-August 22. 



THE SHORT- WING ED SCAVENGER BEETlES. 



654 (2045). Gnypeta baltifera Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29. 
Head and apical half of abdomen piceous, shining; thorax, elytra and 

basal half of abdomen dark reddish-brown; legs and antenme somewhat 
paler. Antennae reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints equal, 
longer than first, outer joints gradually larger. Thorax slightly wider than 
head, a little wider than long, sides rounded, disk minutely punctate and 
with an elongate, triangular median impression on basal half. Elytra two- 
fifths wider and a little longer than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 2.5-2.8 mm. 

Lake and Putnam counties; scarce. April 17-May 28. Taken 
by sifting. 

XIII. Meronera Shp. 1887. (Gr., "femur.") 

Very small, rather stout species having the neck less than a third 
the width of head; thorax strongly convex, without basal impres- 
sion ; abdomen as broad as elytra, not constricted at base. 

655 (2004). Mekojntera venustula Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 55. 
Short, rather stout, subparallel. Head and last three joints of abdomen 

piceous. Thorax, elytra and apical portion of antennae brown; legs, base 
of antennae and abdomen, dull yellow. Antennae stouter toward apex, reach- 
ing beyond middle of elytra. Thorax slightly wider than long, scarcely 
wider than head, sides rounded at apical third, thence feebly converging to 
base; surface, as well as that of head, coarsely and densely punctate. Ely- 
tra about one-half wider and but slightly longer than thorax, less coarsely 
and more sparsely punctate. Length 1.6-1.8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 5-December 7. Hiber- 
nates as imago. Taken by sifting vegetable debris. The elytra are 
often in part or almost wholly piceous. 

XIV. Tinotus Sharp. 1883. (Gr.. "stretched or thin.") 

Rather stout species having the antenna? short, head small; tho- 
rax short, much wider than long, strongly convex and usually im- 
pressed. 

656 (9523). Tinotus caviceps Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 316. 
Rather broad, subfusiform. flattened above. Black or piceous, feebly 

shining ; rather thickly clothed with short, pale, recumbent hairs ; legs and 
base of antennae dark reddish-brown. Antennae reaching base of thorax, 
second and third joints equal. Head of male broadly and deeply concave. 
Thorax one-half wider than head, nearly twice as wide as long, sides 
rounded; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a large, deep median 
impression (male) or a broad and feebly impressed median line (female). 
Elytra equal in length and width to thorax, rather coarsely and rugosely 
punctate. Abdomen much longer than head and thorax, nearly equal in 
width to elytra, marked with elongate punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm. 



350 FAMILY XI.— -STAPH YLINIDJE. 

Putnam County; scarce. October 17. Sifted from debris about 
a hillside spring. 

XY. Plataxdria Casey. 1893. (Gr., ' 'broad + male.") 

Rather broad fusiform species, having the antenna? rather short 
and slender, head well inserted, not constricted at base ; ligula with a 
slender process which is deeply forked at apex; thorax elliptical, 
much wider than long ; abdomen gradually narrowed from base to 
tip ; hind tarsi nearly as long as tibiae, the basal joint elongate, the 
next three decreasing rapidly in length. 

057 (9483). Plataxdria mormoxtca Casey. Aim. N. Y. Acad. Set, VII, 
1893, 345. 

Rather broad. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining, clothed with short 
sparse yellowish hairs ; abdomen black ; tibia?, tarsi and base of antenna* 
paler. Antenna? slightly shorter than head and thorax, joints 1 to 3 sub- 
equal. Thorax three-fourths wider than long; sides rounded into base, 
which is broadly curved and much wider than apex: disk minutely and 
evenly punctate. Elytra together one-third wider than long, slightly wider 
and more coarsely and distinctly punctured than thorax. Abdomen nar- 
rower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length 2.5-2. S mm. 

Marion and Lawrence counties; common locally on leathery 
fungi growing on beach stumps. May 11— May 24. 

XVI. Hoplaxdria Kr. 1 857. (Gr.. 1 1 armed + male. ' ? ) 

Rather robust species, resembling Platandria in general appear- 
ance, but having joints 1 to 4 of hind tarsi equal in length. 

658 (2006). Hoplaxdeia lateralis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1844. 32. 

Rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely pubescent ; head 
and joints 4 and 5 of abdomen piceous; base of abdomen reddish, legs and 
base of antenna? pale. Antenna? reaching base of thorax. , joints 2 and 3 
equal in length, the former stouter. 6-10 also equal and wider than the 
others. Thorax much wider than head, one-half wider than long; sides 
rounded into base, apex truncate, disk rather finely and closely punctate. 
Elytra nearly twice as wide as long, one-fourth wider and more coarsely 
punctured than thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent : more so in the southern coun- 
ties. March 19-Sept ember 25. Taken by sifting vegetable debris 
in moist places. The elytra are often marked with fuscous on the 
sides and near the scutellum. 

XVII. Xestuktoa Casey. 1906. (Gr.. "refuse ") 

Closely allied to Trwldusa, but in addition to characters men- 
tioned in key. differing in its more slender antenna?, broader neck. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SO A V E \ ( ! EE BE ETLES. 



351 



longer and more slender tarsi and less hairy upper surface. One 
species is known from the Eastern United States. 

659 ( ). Xestueida l^evis Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906, 

325. 

Short, rather stout. Dark reddish-brown, strongly shining, sparsely 
and finely pubescent; head and abdomen piceous ; antennae dusky, their 
basal joints and legs dark brownish-yellow. Head wider than long, paral- 
lel ; antennae reaching middle of elytra, the second and third joints elongate, 
subequal. Thorax wider than head, one-third wider than long; sides 
parallel, rounded into base ; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely, sparse- 
ly and roughly punctate. Elytra three-fifths wider but only slightly longer 
than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, feebly narrowed toward the tip, 
the sides strongly margined. Length 1.7 mm. 

Clark County ; rare. May 6. Taken from beneath a log on the 
muddy banks of the Ohio River. Described from near Vicksburg, 
Mississippi. The Indiana specimen is in the collection of Dr. 
Fenyes. 

XVIII. Trichiusa Casey. 1893. (Gr., << a little hair.") 

Rather stout, convex species, bristling with long hairs and hav- 
ing the third joint of maxillary palpi much longer and thicker than 
second, fourth small, slender, oblique; head and thorax both rather 
small; elytra wide, abdomen broad ; hind tarsi with four basal joints 
equal. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICB ITTSA. 

a. Elytra with coarse punctures not bearing hairs, mixed with the smaller, 
rougher, hair-bearing ones, the intervals polished, not alutaceous ; 
color in great part reddish-brown. 660. parviceps. 

aa. Elytra with a single set of minute hair-bearing punctures, the intervals 
less shining and distinctly alutaceous ; color deep black. 661. atea. 

660 ( ). Trichiusa parviceps Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI 

1906, 328. 

Short, stout, rather convex. Reddish- or chestnut-brown, shining, sparse- 
ly clothed with pale, erect, conspicuous hairs ; head and indefinite subapical 
cloud of abdomen black; legs and base and tips of antennae dull yellow. 
Antennae reaching nearly to middle of elj-tra, the outer joints gradually 
stout and compact ; the second and third ones nearly equal. Thorax one- 
half wider than head, two-fifths wider than long, sides broadly rounded, 
hind angles small but distinct ; disk with fine, rather close punctures, with 
coarser ones intermixed on basal half. Elytra a third wider and longer 
than thorax, punctured as mentioned in key. Abdomen slightly narrower 
than elytra, the sides parallel, distinctly and rather closely punctate. 
Length 2 mm. 

Putnam and Monroe counties ; scarce. April 17-May 13. Taken 
by sifting rotten beech wood. 
[23—23402] 



852 



FAMILY XI.— STAPHYLINIDJE. 



661 ( ). Teichiusa atea Casey, Trans. Acad. Sei. St. L., XVI, 1906. 

329. 

Form of the preceding but shorter. Deep black, shining, clothed with 
sparse erect hairs ; legs pale ; antennas fuscous, paler at base, reaching base 
of thorax, more slender than in parviceps, second joint much longer than 
third. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded into base, surface 
minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider and longer than 
thorax, the punctures more distinct than there. Abdomen parallel, as wide 
as the elytra. Length 1.5 mm. ' 

Putnam and Lawrence counties : scarce. April 17-May 12. 
Taken by sifting woody debris. 

XIX. Atheta Thorns. 1859. (Gr., "without place or position.") 

A large genus of small brown or blackish species having the head 
usually narrower than thorax, the latter never wider than elytra; 
the body not clothed with prominent erect hairs as in Trichiusa. 
The following species from the State have been identified by Dr. 
Fen yes or are described as new, and there are also a half-dozen or 
more unidentified ones at hand. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATHETA. 

a. Eyes moderate or rather large in size, separated at most by less than 
twice their long diameters. 
h. Abdomen parallel or only very feebly narrowed behind the middle. 
c. Third joint of antennse not, or only a little, shorter than second. 
(I. Thorax only very feebly transverse, about one-third wider than 
long. 

e. Middle coxae almost contiguous ; seventh dorsal segment of ab- 
domen in male simple ; color mostly black or piceous. 
f. Front of head not impressed. 
g. Cheeks (genas) entirely margined. 

h, Male with eighth dorsal segment of abdomen simple, the 
sixth ventral truncate at tip. 662. palustris. 

Iih. Male with hind margin of eighth dorsal quadridentate, 
the sixth ventral rounded at tip. 663. dichroa. 

gg. Cheeks margined only behind ; elytra in part and legs dull 
yellow. 664. hmuu. 

ff. Front of head distinctly impressed. 665. caviceps. 

ce. Middle coxa? more widely separated ; seventh dorsal abdominal 
segment of male with a blunt tubercle at middle ; elytra 
wholly or in great part pale. 
i. Thorax without a median impressed line; eleventh antenna! 
joint stout, conical, almost as long as joints 8-10 together. 

666. DEN TATA. 

ii. Thorax with a distinct median impressed line; eleventh joint 
not longer than 9 and 10 together. 667. sulcata. 

dd. Thorax strongly transverse, one-half or more wider than long, 
densely and rather coaisely punctate ; abdomen pale at base. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



353 



j. Seventh dorsal segment of male with a small flat tubercle. 

G73. UNIGBANOSA. 

jj. Seventh dorsal segment of male simple. 674. vibginica. 

<■<■. Third joint of antennae at least one-third shorter than second. 
* /V. Color black and yellow. 

/. Thorax as broad as elytra; form much stouter than in the 
next, 668. flaveola. 

II. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra ; form slender. 

669. PENNSYLVANICA. 

IcJc. Color black or piceous, the elytra often slightly paler. 
m. Head and thorax coarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate. 

670. PUNCTATA. 

mm. Head and thorax very finely punctate. 

n. Antennae wholly piceous; legs fuscous. 671. polita. 

nn. Antennae with basal joints pale ; legs wholly pale. 

672. FESTINANS. 

bh. Abdomen narrowed or more or less pointed behind the middle. 

o. Antennae long and stout, reaching nearly to middle of elytra ; 
thorax finely, densely but distinctly punctate ; color black. 

675. MACROCERA. 

oo. Antennae shorter and more slender, reaching only to base of elytra. 
p. Third joint of antennae distinctly longer than second. 

q. Elytra dull yellow with a median black cloud at base ; thorax 
not impressed. 676. sordid a. 

qq. Elytra uniform brown ; thorax with a median impression on 
basal half. 677. laurentiana. 

pp. Third joint of antennae shorter than, or at most as long as sec- 
ond. 

r. Apical half of abdomen piceous; thorax and elytra coarsely 
and densely punctate. 678. luteola. 

rr. Last two joints of abdomen pale yellow ; thorax and elytra 
finely, less densely punctate. 679. subpygm.ea. 

a a. Eyes very small, separated by three or more times their long diameters. 
s. Front of head convex. 680. analis. 

ss. Eront of head concave. 681. cavifrons. 

662 (9503). Atheta palustbts Kiesw., Stett. Ent.. Ztg.. V, 1844, 318. 
Elongate, rather slender. Head and abdomen black ; antennae, thorax 

and elytra piceous, finely and sparsely pubescent ; legs dusky yellow. Head 
convex, finely and closely punctate; antennae short, stout, reaching base of 
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax about as wide as long, 
sides rounded into base, disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra one- 
fourth wider, one-half longer and more coarsely and distinctly punctate 
than thorax. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 25- April 11. 
Taken by sifting- moist vegetable debris. 

663 (2011). Atheta dichroa Grav., Col. Micr., 1802, 186. 

Elongate, moderately robust. Black, feebly shining; legs, base of an- 
tennae, elytra and tip of abdomen dull yellow. Antennae reaching base of 
thorax, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax' nearly one- 



354 



FAMILY XT. — STAPH YLIK4DJE. 



third wider than long, finely and densely punctate ; disk with a very fine 
median line which expands into a shallow impression at base. Elytra 
scarcely wider than thorax, densely and finely punctate. Abdomen finely 
and very sparsely punctured. Length 3 mm. 

Starke and Clark counties; scarce. May 7-May 19. 

664 (2010). Atheta jimula Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 102. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytra, legs and base of an- 
tenna? more or less dull yellow. Antennae slightly longer than head and 
thorax, third joint distinctly longer than second. Thorax scarcely one- 
third wider than long, minutely and rather sparsely punctate; disk with a 
rather wide, shallow impression at middle of base. Elytra one-third wider 
and one-half longer than thorax, densely and rather coarsely punctate. 
Length 2.7-3 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Clark counties; frequent, March 6-No- 
vember 28. Taken by sifting. The sides of elytra are more or less 
fuscous. 

665 ( ). Atheta caviceps sp. nov. 

Elongate, rather stout, parallel. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous, 
sparsely clothed with fine, pale prostrate hairs ; elytra dark dull reddish- 
brown ; antennae piceous, the basal joints and legs dull reddish-yellow. 
Front of head with a broad shallow impression. Antennae slender, reach- 
ing middle of elytra, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax 
one-third wider than long, sides broadly rounded into base, surface finely 
and sparsely punctate and with a faint median impressed line. Elytra 
scarcely wider and one-third longer - than thorax, finely and roughly punc- 
tate. Abdomen equal to elytra in width. Length 2 mm. 

Lake, Marshall and Marion counties ; rare. May 15-May 20. 

(5(3(3 ( ). Atheta dentata Brnh., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1906. 342. 

Elongate, robust. Blackish piceous, shining, 
sparsely and finely pubescent; elytra dull clay 
yellow, the humeri, margins and apical angles 
often darker ; legs dusky yellow. Head broad, 
convex, almost smooth. Antennae stout, reach- 
ing beyond base of thorax, second and third 
joints subequal, eleventh almost as long as 8-10 
combined. Thorax slightly broader than long, 
sides nearly straight, hind angles rounded, sur- 
face sparsely, finely and roughly punctate and 
with a feeble impression at middle of base. Ely- 
tra but slightly wider and one-third longer than 
thorax, minutely and roughly punctate. Length 
3-3.2 mm. (Fig. 154.) 

Throughout the State; common in the 
rig. 154. x 16. (Original.) southern counties ; less so northward. 
March 16-November 29. Our largest species; taken by sifting, 
rarely by beating, and probably hibernates. 




THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



355 



667 ( — — ). Atheta sulcata sp. nov. 

Elongate, robust. Piceous, sliming; elytra uniform dull clay yellow; 
antennae fuscous, the two basal joints and legs pale yellow. Head broad, 
front subdepressed, finely alutaceous. Antennae as in dentata, the apical 
joint shorter. Thorax one- third wider than long, sides rounded on apical 
third, thence nearly straight to base, hind angles obtuse; disk finely and 
densely punctate, with a distinct but fine median impressed line and a 
feeble impression at middle of base. Elytra as in dentata. Abdomen finely 
and rather closely punctate; under surface much more densely pubescent 
than in dentata; the apical half of the seventh dorsal segment reddish- 
translucent and with a distinct median tubercle in the male. Length 
3.5 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. April 22. 

668 (2015). Atheta flaveola Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 30. 

Rather stout. Dull reddish-yellow; head, sixth dorsal segment of 
abdomen and often the tips and sides of elytra black or piceous ; legs and 
base of antennae pale yellow. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides 
rounded into base ; disk finely and closely punctured. Elytra scarcely nar- 
rower than thorax, sparsely and minutely punctate. Abdomen slightly nar- 
rower than elytra, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2 mm. 

Orange County; rare. May 31-June 1. Taken from fleshy 
white fungi. 

669 ( ). Atheta pexxsylvanica Brnh.. Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr.. 1907. 

388. 

Elongate, very slender. Reddish-yellow ; head and fifth to seventh seg- 
ments of abdomen black ; elytra in part piceous ; legs and basal joints of 
antennae pale yellow. Thorax scarcely wider than head, about as broad 
as long, sides rounded into base, disk finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra 
one-half wider and more coarsely punctured than thorax. Abdomen slightly 
narrower than elytra, smooth or nearly so. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. March 6-July 29. 
Sifted from rotten fungi. 

670 ( ). Atheta punctata sp. nov. 

Rather robust. Head, thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, shining; 
abdomen piceous ; antennae dusky, the two basal joints and legs dull yellow. 
Head convex, almost as broad as thorax, coarsely, sparsely and evenly 
punctate. Antennae rather slender, longer than head and thorax, second 
joint obconical, nearly one-half longer than third. Thorax one-third broader 
than long, sides rounded into base, disk punctured as the head. Elytra 
slightly wider and scarcely longer than thorax, the punctures a little smaller 
and more sparse than there. Abdomen as wide as elytra, minutely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 2 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 3. Sifted from debris of beech 
stumps. Very distinct from allied species by the coarse, sparse 
punctures of upper surface. 



356 



FAMILY XI.— STAPH YLINIM1. 



671 (2919). Atheta polita Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 1844, 31. 
Short and rather robust. Head, thorax and abdomen black, shining; 

antennae pieeous ; elytra and legs dusky or fuscous yellow. Head rather 
broad, convex, sparsely and finely punctate; antenna? short, stout, reaching 
base of thorax, the third joint two-thirds the length of second. Thorax 
sul (orbicular, scarcely wider than long, sides rounded into base, disk very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half longer and one-third wider 
than thorax; more coarsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Abdomen as 
wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Marshall, Marion, Putnam, Monroe and Clark counties; fre- 
quent, March 6-October 31. Taken by sifting rotten woody debris 
and leaves in damp places. 

672 (2013). Atheta festinans Ei\, Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 112. 

More slender than the preceding. Pieeous, feebly shining; elytra dark 
reddish-brown to fuscous ; antennae pieeous, the basal joints and legs pale, 
dull yellow. Antennae more slender than in polita, reaching middle of 
elytra. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides rounded into base; disk 
finely and rather densely punctate and with a faint median impression on 
basal half. Elytra slightly wider and one-third longer than thorax, rather 
coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen parallel, equal in width to elytra. 
Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Marion, Putnam, Vigo, Lawrence. Clark and Posey counties; 
scarce. January 7-November 8. Taken by sifting. 

673 ( ). Atheta unigranosa Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch., 1909, 521. 

Elongate, rather slender. Head and middle of abdomen black; thorax. 

elytra, legs, base and tip of abdomen and base of antennae dull yellow. 
Antennae reaching base of thorax, the third joint a little shorter than sec- 
ond. Thorax one-half wider than long, finely and rather closely punctate ; 
disk with a faint median line and a rounded impression at base. Elytra 
scarcely wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely and densely punc- 
tate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, parallel, finely and rather 
sparsely punctate. Length 2.7 mm. 

Lawrence County ; scarce. July 29. Taken from fungi. 

074 ( ). Atheta virginica Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr., 1907, 393. 

Elongate, rather robust. Head, thorax and apical two-thirds or more 
of abdomen pieeous; antennae and elytra brownish-yellow; legs pale yel- 
low ; two basal joints of antennae and base of abdomen usually reddish-yel- 
low. Front of head with a small round median impression, sparsely and 
finely punctate; antennae reaching beyond base of thorax, the third, joint 
slightly longer than second. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded 
into base and apex ; disk densely and rather coarsely punctate and with a 
shallow median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly wider, one-half 
longer and more coarsely, sparsely and roughly punctate than thorax. Ab- 
domen parallel, a little narrower than elytra, indistinctly punctate. Length 
2.5-2.8 mm. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



357 



Throughout the State ; frequent. April 11-November 21. Oc- 
curs beneath vegetable debris in low moist woods; also in fungi. 
This is said by Dr. Bernhauer to be a variety of crassicornis Fab. 

675 ( ). Atheta macroceka Thorns., Ofo. Vet. AK. Forh., 1856, 106. 

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black ; elytra 
and antennae piceous ; legs dull yellow. Antennas long, rather stout, reach- 
ing beyond base of elytra, second and third joints subequal. fourth to tenth 
as wide as long, eleventh equal to ninth and tenth. Thorax as wide as 
elytra, sides rounded into base, disk finely, evenly and densely granulate- 
punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, more sparsely punctate than 
latter. Abdomen parallel to apical third, minutely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 2.5 mm. 

Marion County; rare. May 15. Taken by sweeping. 

676 (2040). Atheta sordida Marsh. Col. Brit.. 1802, 514. 

Elongate, robust. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous ; antennae brown ; 
legs dull yellow. Antennae longer than head and thorax, the second joint 
one-half the length of third. Thorax as wide as elytra, sides feebly rounded, 
disk convex, densely and finely granulate-punctate and with a faint median 
impressed line. Elytra one-third longer and a little more sparsely and 
coarsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from middle 
to apex, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.8-3 mm. 

Lake, Marion. Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. May 12- 
November 28. Sifted from moist vegetable debris. 

677 ( ). Atheta eaueentiana sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence. Head, 
thorax and abdomen dark brown or piceous ; antennae and elytra uniform 
brown; legs paler. Head, convex; antennae reaching slightly beyond base 
of thorax, the second joint two-thirds the length of third. Thorax sub- 
quadrate, sides nearly straight on basal half, hind angles rounded ; surface, 
as well as that of head, elytra and abdomen, finely and indistinctly punc- 
tate and with an oval median depression on basal half. Elytra one-third 
wider and one-half longer than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from 
middle to apex. Length 3 mm. 

Lawrence County ; scarce. May 11 . Taken from fungi. 

678 (2014). Atheta luteola Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph.. 1840. 114. 

Short, rather robust. Head and apical half of abdomen brownish- 
piceous; antennae, thorax, elytra and basal segments of abdomen brownish- 
yellow, sparsely and finely pubescent; legs paler. Antennae shorter than 
head and thorax, second joint stouter and slightly longer than third. Thorax 
as wide as elytra, twice as broad as long, sides rounded into base and apex : 
disk convex, with a faint median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly 
longer than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 2 mm. 



358 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINIDJE. 



Throughout the State, common in the southern counties; much 
less so northward. March 13-November 1. Taken by sifting damp 
vegetable debris. Probably hibernates as imago. 

679 ( ). Atheta srBPYGM.EA Brn.lt., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1909, 526. 

More slender than luteola. Pale brownish-yellow ; head and fifth and 

sixth segments of abdomen piceous; antennae dusky except at base, rather 
slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax and elytra as in luteola, but 
much more finely punctate, the former without median basal impression. 
Length 2 mm. 

Starke and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 18-June 24. Sifted 
from sphagnum mosses in tamarack swamps. 

680 (2022). Atheta anaijs Grvh., Col. Micr. Brunsv., 1802. 76. 
Elongate, very slender. Black, shining ; thorax and elytra dark brown- 
ish-yellow to piceous ; antennae, legs and last one or two abdominal seg- 
ments brownish or dusky yellow, the tarsi paler. Antennae reaching base of 
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax suborbicular, slightly 
narrower than elytra ; sides rounded into base and apex ; disk, as well as 
that of elytra and abdomen, finely and densely punctate and with a small 
transverse impression on basal third. Elytra one-third longer than thorax. 
Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Putnam and Marion counties; frequent. March 20-November 
28. Taken by sifting. 

681 (9498). Atheta cavifrons Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1869, 33. 
Form of analis. Dark reddish-brown, head piceous ; antennae, legs and 

last two abdominal segments dull yellow. Head with a broad but shallow 
median groove. Antennae, thorax and elytra nearly as in analis, the thorax 
with an entire faint median impressed line in front of the basal impression. 
Length 2 mm. 

Marion County; rare. November 21. 

XX. Zyras Steph. 1832. (Gr., "razor.") 

Rather broad species, having the head much wider than long, 
slightly narrower than thorax; antennas robust, longer than head 
and thorax, the third joint longer than second, legs long and slender. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZYEAS. 

a. Black, the elytra fuscous; eyes very large, placed less than half their 
length from base of head ; thoracic punctures extremely flue. 

682. CALIGINOSFS. 

aa. Reddish-brown; eyes smaller, placed at nearly their own length from 
base ; thoracic punctures fine but distinct. 683. planifer. 

682 (9528). Zyras caliginosus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. VII, 1893. 

323. 

Rather stout, parallel. Black; antennae and legs dark reddish-yellow; 
elytra dull fuscous, shining. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



359 



broadly curved, hind angles obtuse and blunt; disk alutaceous, very finely 
and sparsely punctate, sometimes with a fine median impressed line. Ely- 
tra slightly wider and longer than thorax, finely, distinctly and densely 
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, polished. Length 3 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Described from Indiana 
and New York. 

683 (9533). Zyras planifek Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 320. 
Rather stout, subparallel. Dark reddish-brown, shining, the elytra 

darker except on humeri ; abdomen black, the first three segments in part 
or wholly pale ; legs and base of antennas pale reddish-brown. Antennae 
reaching middle of elytra, the third joint twice the length of second, ob- 
conical. Thorax one-half wider than long, widest at apical third, sides 
straight on basal half, disk convex, finely and sparsely punctate and with 
a faint median impressed line. Elytra two-fifths wider and slightly longer 
than thorax, rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen one-fourth 
narrower than elytra, parallel, smooth or nearly so. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties ; scarce. March 20- 

May 25. The thorax of male has a large flattened median area and 

is more coarsely punctate than in female. 

XXI. Xenodusa Wasm. 1894. (Gr., "strange + guest.") 

Robust brown species having the antennae very slender, head 
small; thorax wider than elytra, the sides much elevated; abdomen 
as broad as elytra, parallel, the first four or five dorsal segments with 
tufts of yellow hairs on the sides. 

684 ( 2041). Xenodusa cava Lee, N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 30. 
Elongate, robust, parallel. 

R e d d i s h-b r o w n, shining, 
sparsely pubescent. Antenna? 
reaching middle of abdomen, 
the third joint twice the length 
of second. Thorax nearly four 
times as wide as long, sides 
broadly reflexed, hind angles 
acute, much prolonged, base 
bisinuate, disk minutely and 
indistinctly punctate. Elytra 
one-half narrower and slightly 
longer than thorax. Length 
5-6 mm. (Fig. 155.) 

Throughout the State ; 
scarce. April 2 5- August 
17. Occurs in the nests of 
several kinds of ants. 
Usually but two or three 

of the beetles are found at Fig. 155. (Original.) 




360 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^E. 



a time, but I once took 20 or more from among a colony of the ant 
Camponotus pennsylvanicus beneath the bark of an elm log near 
Bloomington. It is said that they are fed by the ants and in turn 
exude a secretion which is much liked by their hosts. 

Tribe VII. ALEOCHARINI. 

Usually rather robust species having the head not prolonged in a 
beak in front • inner lobe of the maxillae moderately long, its outer 
side horn-like, its inner side leather-like, usually with long, thorn- 
like teeth toward the tip. densely hairy behind the teeth; all the 
tarsi with five joints. The tribe is represented in the State by five 
genera. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEN EE A OF ALEOCHAEINI. 

a. Head prominent, more or less strongly constricted behind; first joint 
of antennae scapif orm. but only moderately long ; epipleura of thorax 
always visible from the side; third to fifth dorsal segments of ab- 
domen always transversely sulcate or constricted. 
h. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth joint and shorter than 
second and third together ; body small, linear ; third to sixth dorsal 
segments of abdomen transversely sulcate. XXII. Phlceopoea. 
bb. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the fifth joint and at least as 
long as the second and third together. 
c. First joint of antennae at most only obliquely emarginate at the 
very tip. XXIII. Calodeea. 

cc. First joint of antennae obliquely sulcate or emarginate (for the re- 
ception of the second joint) in the apical fourth or fifth. 

XXIV. Amaeochaea. 

aa. Head not or only very feebly constricted behind, its base retracted or 
only moderately prominent ; first joint of antennae never scapiform. 
a. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints. 

XXV. OXYPODA. 

(Id. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with four joints. 

XXVI. Aleochaea. 

XXII. Phlceopora Erich. 1837. (Gr., "bark f to walk.") 

Elongate, narrow forms having the head rather broad, strongly 
constricted; abdomen elongate and parallel. 

G85 ( ). Phlceopoba subl.evis Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XYI, 

190G, 310. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark brown, feebly shining; head and ab- 
domen piceous ; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs yellow. Antenna? 
reaching base of thorax, the outer joints transverse. Thorax as long as 
wide, sides rounded in front of middle, thence nearly straight to base, disk 
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra a third wider and a little longer than 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely- 
tra, the first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base. Length 1.8 
2 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties ; rare. July 23-December 21. Taken 
from beneath bark of pine. 

XXIII. Calodera Mannh. 1830. (Gr., " beautiful + skin. ") 

Head broad, prominent ; thorax much narrower and shorter than 
the elytra; legs rather long and slender. 

686 ( ). Calodeka infuscata sp. nov. 

Elongate, rather robust, parallel. Dark brown, feebly shining, sparsely 
and finely pubescent ; head and apical segments of abdomen piceous. An- 
tennae stout, reaching base of thorax, the first joint pale. Thorax slightly 
wider than head, a little longer than wide, sides parallel behind the middle ; 
surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and densely punctate. Elytra one- 
half wider and one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen narrower than ely- 
tra, parallel, the first four dorsal segments rather deeply impressed. Length 
1.8 mm. 

Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting. 

XXIV. Amarochara Thorns. 1858. (Gr.. "I shine + I am glad.") 

Head oval, antennae rather robust ; thorax subquadrate, scarcely 
narrower than the elytra ; abdomen parallel. 

687 ( ). Amakochaea fenyesi sp. nov. 

Elongate, rlender, parallel. Dark chestnut brown, shining ; abdomen 
piceous ; legs dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, sides nearly straight, rounded 
into base ; disk minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra but slightly wider 
and longer than thorax, more distinctly punctate than there. Abdomen 
about as wide as elytra, the first three dorsal segments impressed at base- 
Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Lawrence and Clark counties; scarce. May 6— May 12. Taken 
from beneath rubbish on the muddy banks of streams. Named in 
honor of Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena. California, the acknowledged 
authority on North American Aleocharina?. 

XXV. Oxypoda Mannh. 1830. (Gr.. "sharp + feet.") 

Rather robust species clothed with silky pubescence ; head nar- 
rower than thorax, antennae elongate ; thorax as wide or wider than 
the elytra, the latter with the outer hind angles emarginate ; abdo- 
men usually narrowed behind the middle; legs rather elongate. 
Five species have been taken in the State. 



362 



FAMILY XI. ST APH YLIXIDiE . 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYPODA. 

a. Larger. 3-3.2 mm. ; dark brown, elytra and legs paler. 

688. sagtjlata. 

aa. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm. 

1). Thorax subparallel and curved at the sides, the apex almost as wide 
as the base, the latter as wide as the base of elytra. 

c. Dull brownish-yellow ; abdomen piceous, pale at tip. distinctly 

tapering from base to apex. 689. amica. 

cc. Reddish-brown ; abdomen with only the fourth and fifth dorsal seg- 
ments piceous. its sides nearly parallel. 690. paltsteis. 
T)l). Thorax subcorneal or with the apex distinctly narrower than base. 

d. Body rather slender ; abdomen feebly tapering from base to apex ; 

color chestnut brown. 691. obliqtja. 

dd. Body linear ; abdomen straight and nearly parallel ; color brownish- 
yellow. 692. PEKEXTLIS. 

68S (2062). Oxypoda sagulata Erich.. Gen. Sp. Staph.. 1840, 146. 

Elongate, rather robust. Dark brown to piceous, sparsely clothed with 
fine yellowish hairs ; elytra reddish-brown : legs and basal joints of antenna: 
pale yellow. Antennae reaching base of thorax, the second joint slightly 
longer than third. Thorax one-half wider than long, the base as broad as 
the elytra, sides moderately curved : angles rounded, the front ones de- 
Hexed ; disk finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third longer 
than thorax, more coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen at base slightly 
narrower than elytra, distinctly tapering behind the middle, densely punc- 
tate, the first two segments impressed at base. Length 3—3.2 mm. 

Throughout the State: scarce. May 13-Oetober 31. Taken by 
sifting. 

689 f ). Oxypoda amica Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XYT. 1906, 312. 

Elongate, subfusiform. Dull brownish-yellow, clothed with rather long, 
shaggy pubescence : head and abdomen piceous. the latter pale at tip : an- 
tenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Antennas reaching to basal 
third of elytra, the second joint one-third longer than third. Thorax three- 
fourths wider than long, sides strongly curved, surface, as well as that of 
elytra and abdomen, very finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra about 
two-fifths longer than thorax. Abdomen at base one-third narrower than 
elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, the first three dorsal segments deeply 
impressed at base. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Throughout the State: one of the most common members of the 
subfamily. January 18-Deeember 8. Taken by sifting vegetable 
debris in low. moist woods. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves, bot- 
tom rails of fences and other cover. 

690 C ). Oxypoda palusteis sp. nov. 

Rather stout, subfusiform. Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and 
finely pubescent: head, elytra and fourth and fifth dorsal segments of ab- 
domen piceous. Antenna? reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints 



THE SHORT- W J N G ED SCAYEXGER BEETLES, 



863 



subequal. Thorax twice as wide as long, as wide at base as elytra ; sides 
broadly curved, bind angles obtuse ; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely 
and densely punctate. Elytra one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen 
slightly narrower and more coarsely punctate than elytra, sides parallel to 
beyond the middle, the first three dorsal segments rather feebly impressed 
at base. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Starke County ; rare. May 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss of 
a cranberry bog. 

691 ( ). Oxyfoda obliqua Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI, 1906, 

316. 

Rather slender, convex. Chestnut brown, feebly shining ; head and ab- 
domen piceous; tips of fifth and sixth abdominal segments and a faint, nar- 
row oblique line reaching from humerus to apex of each elytron, reddish- 
yellow; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax three- 
fifths wider than long, sides broadly and feebly curved from near the base 
to apex, disk finely and densely punctate and usually with a faint rounded 
impression at middle of base. Elytra equal in width to and about one- 
fourth longer than thorax, more coarsely and roughly punctate than there. 
Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to 
apex, the impressions of second and third dorsal segments shallow but dis- 
tinct. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. 

Marion. Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 17-No- 
vember 21. Taken by sifting. 

692 ( ). Oxypoda pesexilis Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI. 1906. 

316. 

Linear, convex. Brownish-yellow; head piceous; antenna? and apical 
half of abdomen fuscous, the base of former and the tip of latter paler ; legs 
pale yellow. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, the second joint one-half 
longer than third. Thorax one-half wider than head, two-fifths wider than 
long, sides feebly curved, disk very finely and densely punctate. Elytra 
slightly narrower and a little shorter, and more coarsely and roughly punc- 
tate than thorax. Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, rather coarsely 
and roughly punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Marion. Putnam. Clark, and Posey counties; scarce. March 20- 
July 4. Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris. 

XXVI. Aleochaea Grvh. 1802. (Gr.. "warmth + gladness.") 

Kather broad and stout species having the head small, much nar- 
rower than thorax ; eyes large, antenna? usually short and stout ; 
thorax broad, the hind angles almost always rounded ; elytra short 
and broad, their tips not emarginate or sinuate near the outer 
angles ; abdomen usually coarsely and sparsely punctate and with 
the first three or four dorsal segments narrowly and acutely im- 
pressed at base. Eight species have been taken in the State. 



364 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLIXID^rE. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE ALEOCHABA. 

a. Form rather broad and stout, rarely parallel ; mesosternum without 
trace of carina at any point. 
l>. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen simple and subtruncate at apex in 
both sexes. 

c. Antennae stout and spindle-shaped, not reaching base of thorax, the 
joints strongly transverse ; thorax wholly black. 
d. Elytra wholly black ; thorax finely and sparsely punctate ; length 
5-7.5 mm. 693. lata. 

dd. Elytra in great part red; thorax coarsely and roughly punctate; 
length 4 mm. 694. rubbtpes. 

cc. Antennae more slender, reaching middle of elytra, the joints less 
transverse : thorax wholly black ; elytra red. the base and sides 
narrowly black. 695. plelbalis. 

hh. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen with a number of sharp, triangular 
teeth at apex in male, simple in female ; thorax with sides dull red : 
elytra in great part red. 696. lustbica. 

aa. Form more slender, linear, parallel: mesosternum carinate. 

e. Color in great part black or piceous ; first three dorsal segments of 
abdomen impressed at base. 
f. Thorax finely and evenly punctate over its entire surface ; elytra 
wholly piceous. 697. sctjlpttventbis. 

ff. Thorax unevenly punctate, the punctures at middle of disk in two 
uneven rows, the space between the rows smooth. 
g. Dorsal segments of abdomen coarsely punctate, especially so in 
the basal impressions; elytra each with a large, well defined, 
rounded, dull yellow spot at inner angle near suture. 

698. bimaculata. 

gg. Dorsal segments of abdomen finely and more densely punctate : 
elytra each indefinitely dull reddish at apex near suture. 

699. biplsttjlata. 

ee. Color pale reddish-brawn : first four dorsal segments of abdomen im- 
pressed at base. 700. lecifega. 

693 (2053). Aleochaea lata Grvh.. Col. Micr. Brunsv.. 1802. 186. 

^ Very stout and broad. Deep black, shining. 

* ^ sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence; tarsi 

1 ^^isk | reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than 

W j8Bf f long, strongly rounded at base: sides feebly 

f^^^^^ curved, converging toward apex, disk minutely 

JMflHKt and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider 

// wBimS BR \ :lboilt as as thorax : coarsely, closely 

|^^^pHE| \^ and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as wide 

J^p^ ^gaM i ' as elytra, thence feebly but distinctly narrowed 

1 i^^^SS \ t0 a P es » marked with coarse, sparse, oval punc- 

f ' ; flMSlSIlf \ tures. Length 5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 156.) 

/ ^Bir^ \ Southern half of State, frequent. March 

24— September 25, Occurs beneath carrion. 

Fig. 156. Line shows natural size. 

(Original.) Mating April 29. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



365 



G94 ( ). Aleochara rtjbripes, sp. nov. 

Rather stout. Head, thorax and abdomen black, shining, sparsely 
clothed with yellowish hair; elytra dull red, darker along the base and 
sides; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Head more than half the width 
of thorax and, like the latter, coarsely, evenly and rather sparsely punc- 
tate. Thorax one-halt' longer than wide, sides broadly rounded into base. 
Elytra about as wide and long as thorax, rather closely and coarsely punc- 
tate. Abdomen as broad as elytra, sides parallel; upper surface coarsely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 4 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 21. 

695 ( — — ). Aleochara pleuralis Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 

1906, 141. 

Rather stout, subparallel. Piceous black, shining ; elytra in great part, 
legs and tip of abdomen dull red; antennae fuscous, paler at base, the sec- 
ond joint much shorter than third. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
head, two-thirds wider than long, sides and hind angles rounded ; disk finely 
and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly narrower and a little shorter than 
thorax, rather finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as 
wide as elytra, thence distinctly tapering toward apex; coarsely and sparse- 
ly punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Lake T aporte and Vigo counties; scarce. May 2-July 3. Oc- 
curs in. fleshy fungi. 

696 ( ). Aleochara lustrica Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834. 

468 ; ibid. II, 585. 

Very close to pleuralis. Differs in having the thorax dull red at sides, 
the base and sides of elytra more broadly piceous. Elytra and abdomen 
more coarsely, densely and roughly punctate. Length 4-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 15-October 1. Occurs on 
fleshy white fungi in dense, damp woods; also beneath carrion. 

697 (9548). Aleochara scl lptiventris Casey, .Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII. 

1893, 285. 

Rather stout, linear, parallel. Piceous, shining ; abdomen black ; legs, 
basal joints of antennae and sometimes the tips of elytra dull brownish-red. 
Antennae reaching beyond base of thorax, the second joint shorter than 
third. Thorax twice the width of head, one-half wider than long, the sides 
rounded into base. Elytra evidently wider and about the length of thorax, 
finely, densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely- 
tra, parallel ; the basal impressions of first three dorsal segments very 
large, deep, coarsely and densely punctate. Length 3.8-4.5 mm. 

Marion. Orange and Clark counties; scarce. April 25-Septem- 
ber 9. Occurs on decaying fungi. 

698 *(2055). Aleochara bimactjlata Grvh., Col. Micr. Brunsv.. 1802. 1ST. 
Rather stout, parallel. Black, shining; elytra paler near apex as men- 
tioned in key ; tibia?, tarsi and tips of lower abdominal segments dull brown- 



366 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLINTDJE. 



isli-red. Antenna? reaching base of elytra. Thorax more than twice as 
wide as head, three-fifths wider than long, sides rounded into base ; disk 
rather closely and unevenly punctate on sides and with two elongate, shal- 
low punctured impressions at middle, the space between them smooth. Ely- 
tra slightly narrower and shorter than thorax ; densely and coarsely punc- 
tate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, densely and coarsely punctate 
above. Length 4-6.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. January 1— May 5. Occurs in 
horse dung and fungi. Hibernates beneath logs. 

699 (2059). Aleochaka bipustulata Linn., Faun. Suec, 1761, 232. 

Rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining, sparsely pubescent; 
elytra with an irregular dull reddish spot at inner angle near suture ; legs 
piceous, tarsi paler. Thorax as wide as elytra, twice as wide as long, sides 
rounded into base, punctate as in Mmaculata, the punctures on sides more 
coarse and sparse than there. Elytra slightly longer than thorax, rather 
coarsely, closely and deeply punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. 
Length 2.5-4 mm. 

Beach of Lake Michigan. Lake County ; rare. June 6-June 28. 
A member of the boreal fauna. A. niiida Grvh. is a synonym, as is 
probably also A. verna Say. 

700 (9551). Aleochaea ltjcifuga Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893. 

288. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Pale reddish-brown, shining; head and 
dorsal segments of abdomen more or less piceous. Antennae stout, reaching 
beyond base of thorax, the second and third joints subequal. Thorax about 
one-fourth wider than long, sides evenly rounded, apex narrower than base ; 
disk finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra very slightly wider 
and about as long as thorax, rather coarsely, closely and roughly punctate. 
Abdomen elongate, slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence feebly 
tapering to apex ; the impressions of basal segments rather coarsely and 
closely punctate. Length 4.5 mm. 

Two specimens were taken in Truett's cave. Monroe County, 
July 9, about 700 feet from the entrance. They were found be- 
neath some moldy chicken bones left by visitors. Casey, loc. cit., 
says: ' 1 This interesting species is said to inhabit caves, but as the 
eyes are well developed, it probably only seeks their seclusion and 
darkness during the day." Carman* says of it and another spe- 
cies: "Both have pretty well developed eyes, and may, therefore, 
live at times in ordinary situations., but they are perfectly at home 
m the deepest parts of eaves, and are at times very abundant there. 
In all my collecting in ordinary situations I have not seen either 
species out of doors, and am disposed to consider them true cave 
dwellers." Mr. Carman is doubtless right, for no beetle is going to 

* Psyche, VII, 1894, 81. 



THE SHOET-WIXGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



367 



crawl into the deepest recesses of caves each day and emerge again 
at night. So far lucifuga has only been found in caves, and. like 
Quedius spelwus Horn, has probably inhabited them too short a 
t ime to entirely lose the eyes. 

Subfamily II. STAPHYLININAE, 

Rather large or medium-sized black or brown species having the 
antenna? 11-jointed. situated at the front margin of the front: 
spiracles of the thorax visible: front eoxaa large and conical; tro- 
chanters of hind legs prominent ; abdomen strongly margined. The 
principal literature treating of the North American species of the 
subfamily is as follows : 

Horn. — -''Synopsis of the Quediini of the United States." in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. TIL 1878. 149-167. 
Horn. — ''Synopsis of the species of Staphylinus and the more 

closely allied Genera inhabiting the United States." in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VII, 1878. 185-200. 
LeConte. — "Short studies of North American Coleoptera." in 
' Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Till. 1880. 168-174. Tabulates the 

genera Lept acinus, Xantholinus and L&ptolinus. 
Horn. — ''Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal America." in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XI. 1884. 177-244. 
Casey. — See above under Aleocharina?. 

Three tribes comprise the subfamily, all of which are repre- 
sented in the State. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF STAPHYLININ^. 

a. Side margins of the thorax simple. Tribe I. Quedihsti, p. 367. 

au. Side margins of the thorax double. 
b. Antenna? widely separated at base. 

Tribe II. Staphylinini, p. 373. 
hh. Antenna? rather close together at base; elytra often reddish, and in 
most species overlapping along the suture. 

Tribe III. Xantholinixi. p. 394. 

Tribe I. QUEDIINI. 

The members of this tribe have the antennae inserted at the front 
point of the side margin of the front : head usually with a distinct 
suture beneath the eyes: thorax smooth and glabrous with but few 
dorsal punctures, its side margin single and acute: tarsi in our spe- 
cies 5- jointed. Three of the four recognized genera are repre- 
sented in the State. 
[24—23402] 



368 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF QUEDIINI. 

(/, Antennae elbowed, the first joint elongate; front tarsal claws larger 
than the others. XXVII. Acylopholius. 

aa. Antennae straight, hrst joint not elongate; tarsal claws similar on all 
the feet. 

b. Palpi awl-shaped; length less than 5 mm. XXVIII. Heterothops. 
bb. Palpi filiform; length more than 5 mm. XXIX. Quedius. 

XXVII. Acylophorus Nordm. 1837. (Gr., ' £ gland + bearing.") 

Rather small, spindle-shaped species having the head oval, with 
fonr coarser pnnctnres each side, two over each eye and two behind 
these ; antennae reaching base of thorax, the second joint longer than 
third ; thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, disk with two 
punctures each side of middle in front, one at front margin, the 
other one-third behind it. 

701 (2091). Acylophorus flavicollis Sachse., Stettin Zeits.. 1852, 143. 
Black, shining, elytra and ahdomen sparsely pubescent ; thorax and legs 

reddish-yellow ; antennae dusky, the basal joint paler. Head behind the 
eyes with numerous fine punctures and short hairs. Elytra together slightly 
wider than long, coarsely, rather closely and very roughly punctate. Ab- 
domen as wide at base as elytra, thence strongly tapering to apex, coarsely 
and rather closely punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Kosciusko and Putnam counties; scarce. April 17-October IT. 
Occur beneath vegetable debris close to water. The fifth dorsal ab- 
dominal segment is often pale at apex.- 

702 (2092). Acylophorus pronus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 521. 
Black, shining; antenna? piceous, usually paler at base; legs dull yel- 
low, varying to piceous. Otherwise as in flavicollis. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 20-October 31. 

XXVIII. Heterothops Steph, 1831. ( Gr., "different + eye. ") 

Small spindle-shaped species having the head with three or four 
coarse punctures, the front one nearly at middle of inner margin of 
eye; thorax as in Acylophorus, the disk with two punctures on 
middle of apical half and two smaller ones on apical margin. Males 
with the sixth abdominal segment emarginate. Two of the three 
species have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HETEROTHOPS. 

a. Third joint of antennae as long as second, eleventh not longer than ninth 
and tenth together; head with four punctures each side; length 3.5- 
4.5 mm. TO -3. fusculus. 



THE SHOUT- WTXGET) SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



369 



aa. Third joint of antennae scarcely longer than half the second; eleventh 
longer than ninth and tenth together ; head with three punctures 
each side ; length 2.5 mm. 704. pusio. 

703 (2096a). Heteeothops eusculus Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 18G3, 35". 
Head black, elytra and abdomen reddish-piceous ; thorax, legs and three 

basal joints of antennae paler. Antennae longer than head and thorax, the 
last joint obliquely truncate at tip. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in 
front, sides nearly straight; base broadly curved. Elytra together slightly 
longer than wide, rather finely, not densely punctate. Abdomen more dense- 
ly and finely punctate. Length 3-4.5 nun. 

Wolf Lake. Lake County, March 18. Rare. Listed as a variety 
of fumigatus, but if the two are distinct the name fusculus has 
priority. 

704 (2097). Heterothops pusio Lee. New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 35. 
Head black, shining ; thorax piceous ; elytra, abdomen and antenna^ 

dark reddish-brown, pubescent ; legs dull yellow. Antenna? not longer than 
head and thorax, eleventh joint as long as ninth and tenth united. Thorax 
as wide as long, narrowed in front, base broadly curved. Elytra slightly 
wider at base than thorax, rather finely and densely punctate ; abdomen 
at base a little narrower than elytra, thence very feebly tapering to apex, 
very finely and densely punctate. Length 2.3-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, common ; especially so beneath the dead 
leaves surrounding old beech logs in dense lowland woods. April 
17-November 28. The basal joints of antenna? and last segment of 
abdomen are usually pale. 

XXIX. Quedius Steph. 1831. (L.. ' 1 filth + to eat.") 

Medium-sized black or brown, linear or spindle-shaped species, 
having the labrum either acutely notched at middle and hence bi- 
lobed. or entire and broadly curved or truncate in front; head 
marked each side with at least four punctures, one at base of an- 
tenna?, two above and one behind each eye ; thorax usually narrowed 
in front, the disk with sides denexed toward the front angles and in 
all species, except ferox and vernix, with a "dorsal row" of three 
coarse punctures each side of middle of apical half ; often also a sec- 
ond row between these and the margin and other smaller ones along 
the apical and basal margins. Nineteen species are known from 
the United States, ten of which have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF QUEDIUS. 

a. Tarsi above hairy: thorax with three discal punctures each side. 
&. Labrum bilobed. 

p. Hind tibise with distinct spinules on the outer side; scutellum 
smooth. 



370 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDiE. 



(I. Front of head without punctures. 

e. Margin of thorax distinctly flattened ; color reddish-brown. 

705. sPELxErs. 

ee. Margin of thorax not flattened; color wholly or in great part 
black or piceous. 
f. Head broadly oval. 
g. Second joint of antenna? shorter than third ; length 7- 
11 mm. 706. fulgidus. 

gg. Second joint as long as third; length 5-6 mm. 

707. SUBLIMBATUS. 

ff. Head elongate, as long as thorax. 708. peregrines. 

dd. Front of head with two punctures ; elytra very irregularly punc- 
tured. 709. CAPUCINUS. 
cc. Hind tibise without spinules ; form depressed ; elytra without punc- 
tures. 710. LEVIGATES. 

b~b. Labrum entire, either curved or truncate. 

It. Labrum broadly curved; eyes moderate in size; length 7-12 mm. 

711. MOLOCHINES. 

lili. Labrum truncate; eyes verj^ large, prominent; length 5-6 mm. 

712. H YPERB R £ 1" S . 

a a. Tarsi above glabrous; thorax with two discal punctures each side. 

Form slender; thorax with sides nearly parallel. 713. ferox. 

it. Form robust; thorax narrowed in front. 714. vernix. 

705 (2099). Quedius spel^eus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 1871. 332. 

Elongate, rather slender. Uniform pale red- 
dish or chestnut brown, the elytra sometimes 
a little darker. Head oval, longer than wide : 
eyes small, slightly oblique. Antenna? reach- 
ing base of thorax, the second joint less than 
one-half the length of third. Thorax broader 
than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides 
feebly, base broadly curved ; disk highly pol- 
ished, with small punctures along the mar- 
gins and base, in addition to the dorsal rows. 
Elytra narrower than thorax, together as 
wide as long ; closely and rather coarsely and 
roughly punctate, sparsely pubescent. Ab- 
domen narrower than elytra, parallel. Length 

Fig. 157. (Original.) 10 -1 4 mm. (Fig. 157.) 

Monroe, Lawrence and Crawford counties; freqnent locally in 
caves. April 15-November 6. Occurs in decaying organic matter, 
usually the excrement of raccoons and other cave visiting verte- 
brates, or beneath stones in the vicinity thereof. Although Cope 
and Packard both refer to this as a "twilight species," all speci- 
mens taken were in total darkness, those in Wyandotte Cave being 
1,000 feet from the mouth. As the temperature of the caves is very 
much the same the year round the beetle probably breeds at all 
seasons, as the larva? Avere alwavs found with the adults. 




THE SHOKT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



371 



706 (2100). Quedius fulgidus Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 220. 

Moderately elongate. Color variable ; usually witb head and thorax 
black, elytra reddish-brown, antenna?, legs and abdomen piceous or dark 
reddish-brown. Head oval, polished, with four punctures each side, the 
fourth behind the eye with a few smaller punctures around it. Antennae 
reaching the middle of thorax, joints 4—10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly, base broadly curved ; disk 
with the usual dorsal rows of three punctures, and others along margins 
of apex and base. Elytra as wide as thorax, together wider than long; 
surface rather finely, not densely punctate. Abdomen as wide as and more 
densely and finely punctured than elytra. Length 7-11 mm. 

Marion, Putnam. Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. 
June 11-September 22. The specimens from the last two named 
counties were taken in caves and it has been recorded from caves in 
Virginia and Kentucky, though it also occurs above ground. 

707 (2101). Quedius sublimbatus Makl., Bull. Mosc, III, 1853, 100. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining ; antennae and legs reddish-brown ; 
elytra usually with the humeri and a narrow space at apex and along the 
suture paler. Head oval, with four punctures each side. Thorax wider 
than long; sides feebly, base more strongly curved; disk with the usual 
rows of dorsal punctures and a few very small ones along the margins. 
Elytra as wide as thorax, together longer than wide, rather coarsely, deep- 
ly and closely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra, 
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 5-6 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. June 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss 
in tamarack swamp. A member of the boreal fauna. 

708 (2102). Quedius pebegeinus Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 53. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Piceous or dark reddish-brown ; legs, an- 
tennae, and often the last two abdominal segments, paler. Head elongate- 
oval, much longer than wide. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, the sec- 
ond joint less than half the length of third. Thorax broader than long, 
narrower in front; sides feebly, base broadly curved; disk with the usual 
dorsal rows of three punctures. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, a 
little longer than wide ; rather coarsely, sparsely and shallowly punctate, 
sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra, with similar 
punctures. Length 6-9 mm. 

Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce. October 5-December 25. 
Occurs in fungi and beneath bark. 

709 ( 2103). Quedius capucinus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr.. 1806. 10. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black or piceous, shining ; antennae, legs and 
sometimes the elytra dark reddish-brown. Head orbicular or slightly oval, 
with the usual four punctures, some smaller ones behind the eye and two 
on front between the eyes. Antenna^ reaching the middle of thorax, the 
second joint one-half the length of third. Thorax as in peregrin us. but 



372 



FAMILY XI. — STAPHYLINIDJS. 



with a second, row of two or three punctures each side of the dorsal rows. 
Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, together a little longer than wide; 
very sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather 
closely but not coarsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. March 16- July 16. Occurs in 
fleshy fungi in low, damp woods. 

710 (2106). Quedius LiEViGATUS Gyll., Ins. Suec, II, 1810, 306. 
Elongate, subparallel. Black or piceous, shining; elytra and margins 

of the abdominal segments often reddish-brown. Head broadly oval, punc- 
tured as in fulgidus. Antenna? reaching middle of thorax, the third joint 
twice the length of second. Thorax slightly broader than long, not nar- 
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved ; disk with a sin- 
gle row of dorsal punctures each side. Elytra as wide as thorax, together 
a little longer than wide, surface smooth. Abdomen slightly narrower than 
elytra, sparsely and finely punctured and pubescent. Length 5-9 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. April 6. Occurs beneath bark. 

711 (2107). Quedius molochinus Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 46. 
Elongate, parallel. Head and thorax black, shining ; remainder of body 

dark reddish-brown. Head oval, with a row of five or six punctures each 
side. Antennae rather slender, reaching nearly to base of thorax, second 
joint one-third shorter than third. Thorax slightly wider than long, nar- 
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved; disk with the 
usual rows of dorsal punctures and two others each side, placed trans- 
versely. Scutellum punctured. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, to- 
gether a little wider than long, densely and rather coarsely punctured and 
clothed with brownish hair. Length 7-12 mm. 

Kosciusko, Vigo and Orange counties; scarce. April 23-De- 
cember 18. 

712 (2108). Quedius hypekboreus Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 547. 
Rather short, robust. Piceous, shining; elytra brownish, often with a 

tinge of bronze ; antennae and legs pale. Head orbicular, strongly narrowed 
behind, smooth, except four punctures each side. Eyes very large, oval, 
longer than wide. Antennae slender, reaching basal third of thorax, the 
second and third joints subequal. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in 
front, punctured as in molocliirws. Elytra as wide as thorax, together as 
wide as long, rather densely and finely punctate. Abdomen a little more 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Male with sixth ventral triangularly notched 
and front femora strongly dilated. Length 5-6 mm. 

Steuben County ; rare. June 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss. 
A member of the boreal fauna. 

713 (2114). Quedius feeox Lee, Pr.oc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 388. 
Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining ; antennae and legs dark red- 
dish-brown to piceous. Head orbicular, with the usual row of four coarse 
punctures and numerous smaller ones above and behind the eyes. Antenna? 
slender, reaching base of thorax, the third joint three times the length of 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



373 



second. Thorax quadrangular, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly 
straight, base rounded, disk with only two punctures in the dorsal rows, a 
large one near side margin of apical halt' and a few on basal margin. Ely- 
tra slightly wider than thorax, together one-half longer than wide; disk 
with a median row of four or five punctures; deflexed portion of side mar- 
gins densely punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather coarsely and densely 
punctate. Length 8-11 mm. 

Western half of State; frequent, April 1-November 24. Oc- 
curs beneath cover, especially in sandy places near water. 

714 (2115). Quedius veknix Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 389/ 
More robust. Uniform black, strongly shining. Head oval, with the 
usual coarse punctures, the small ones only behind and beneath the eyes. 
Thorax large, broader than long, narrower in front; sides moderately 
curved, base broadly rounded ; disk punctate as in ferox, punctures of basal 
margin very small. Elytra as wide as thorax, together slightly wider than 
long, sutural striae deep; disk punctate as in ferox, those on the deflexed 
sides less numerous. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely punctate. Length 12- 
14 mm. 

Western half of State, as far south as Vigo County ; frequent, 
especially so along the margins of lakes. April 2-September 27. 

Tribe II. STAPHYL1NINI. 

Head without suture or raised line each side beneath the eyes. 
Antenna? distant from each other at base, never elbowed, inserted 
on the front margin of the front, inside of the base of the mandi- 
bles; labrum always bilobed, thorax more or less convex, frequently 
densely punctured, with the side margins double, the innexed por- 
tion between the two marginal lines smooth, variable in width ; tho- 
racic spiracles visible. The tribe embraces the largest species of 
the family. They live in decaying fungi, carrion, dung and decom- 
posing organic matter in general. 

The North American members of the tribe are at present dis- 
tributed among 13 genera, seven of which are represented in In- 
diana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF STAPHYLININI. 

a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi shorter than third; size large, 10 or 
more mm. 

b. Thorax punctured, densely pubescent. XXX. Listotkophus. 
bb. Thorax smooth, pubescent only on front angles; middle coxae widely 

separated. XXXI. Ceeophilus. 

aa. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi equal to or longer than third. 

c. Ligula emarginate ; size larger, 11 or more mm. ; form usually robust. 
d. Middle coxae slightly separated ; abdomen narrowed at tip ; thorax 

punctured, pubescent. XXXII. Staphylinus. 



374 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLIXIDyE. 



dd. Middle eoxse contiguous ; abdomen very long, parallel. 

XXXIII. Ocypus. 

cc. Ligula entire ; size usually smaller, rarely over 10 mm. ; form more 
slender. 

e. Femora spinous beneath ; abdomen bieolored, head and thorax 
black. XXXIV. Belonuchxjs. 

ee. Femora unarmed; colors not as above; labial palpi slender. 

f. First joint of hind tarsi as long as or longer than the fifth ; last 
joint of maxillary palpi slender and needle-shaped. 

XXXV. Philonthus. 

//. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth, joints 1-4. de- 
creasing gradually in length ; last joint of maxillary palpi elon- 
gate, conical. XXXVI. Actobius. 

XXX. Listotrophus Forty. 1830. 

Antennae slender, reaching middle of thorax, not subclavate to- 
ward apex as in Creophilus. Side marginal lines of thorax uniting 
m front. One of the two known species occurs in the State. 

715 (2116). LiSTOTKOPHUs cingulatus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 166. 
Elongate, robust. Dark brown or piceous, densely clothed with golden. 

grayish-brown and blackish pubescence, the black hairs forming irregular 
spots on head, thorax and abdomen ; metasternum and tip of abdomen 
golden ; antennae dusky, the basal joints, tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown. 
Head as wide as or wider than thorax, densely punctate ; eyes large. Thorax 
as wide as long, widest at apex, sides rounded into base; disk densely and 
finely punctate. Elytra slightly wider but not much longer than thorax, 
densely and finely granulate. Abdomen narrower than elytra, sparsely and 
coarsely punctate. Length 13-18 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 6-September 12. 

XXXI. Creophilus Mann. 1830. (Gr., " flesh + to love. ") 

Antenna? scarcely longer than head, the outer joints gradually 
broader, the terminal one longer but narrower than the tenth and 
emarginate at apex; side marginal lines of thorax not uniting in 
front, the outer one becoming obsolete one-third from the front 
angle. 

716 (2119). Creophilus villosus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 160. 

Elongate, robust. Black, shining; second and third, and 
sometimes the fourth abdominal segments in great part 
densely clothed with yellowish-gray hairs; a broad median, 
serrate cross-band on elytra composed of similar hairs. 
Thorax suborbicular, truncate in front, disk wholly smooth. 
Elytra one-third wider and one-half longer than thorax, 
finely and sparsely punctate.. Abdomen as wide as elvtra. 
Length 12-2! mm. (Fig. 158.) si^A^KSl.) 




THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGE!! BEETLES. 



375 



Throughout the State ; frequent. April 6- July 19. Occurs on 
decaying fungi and carrion. 

XXXII. Staphylinus Linn. 1758. (Gr., "a kind of insect.") 

Usually large, robust species, having the middle coxal cavities 
always separated, sometimes very narrowly, by the mesosternum ; 
head as wide as or wider than thorax ; abdomen more or less taper- 
ing; color brown or dull black. Of the 22 species listed from the 
United States the following are known from or probably occur in 
Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STAPHYLINUS. 

a. Head suborbicular, its hind angles rounded ; sides of thorax behind the 
middle sinuate ; scutellum pubescent, not velvety. 
I). Constriction of neck not deeply impressed above; abdomen entirely 
black, its segments beneath densely punctured and with golden 
pubescence along their front margins. 717. badipes. 

6&. Constriction of neck deep above and with golden pubescence; abdo- 
men beneath very sparsely punctate. erythropterus. 
aa. Head usually suhtri angular, suddenly narrowed behind, its hind angles 
obtusely prominent; sides of thorax curved behind the middle, never 
sinuate; scutellum velvety. 
c. Thorax densely and regularly punctured over the entire surface, ex- 
cept at times a smooth median line. 
d. Front half of abdominal segments beneath densely and finely punc- 
tate and clothed with golden pubescence. 

e. Abdominal segments above with golden pubescence at base and 

sides ; elytra uniform reddish-brown. 718. vulpinus. 

ee. Abdominal segments above with double row of dark velvety 
spots at middle ; elytra brown with elongate fuscous spots. 

719. maculosus. 

dd. Front half of abdominal segments beneath not or but little more 
densely punctate than apical half and without golden pubes- 
cence. 

f. Thorax subopaque, very densely punctate, the pubescence very 

evident. 

g. Elytra brownish or piceous ; tip of abdomen always paler. 
h. Eyes normal ; femora piceous ; thorax without smooth me- 
dian line. 720. mysticus. 
hh. Eyes large, two-thirds the length of head ; femora pale yel- 
lowish above, piceous beneath. femoratus. 
go. Elytra black, sometimes with golden spot ; abdomen wholly 
black. 

I. Abdomen above with a double row of small velvety spots; 

elytra entirely black, simply punctate. 721. tomentosus. 
it. Abdomen above without velvety spots; elytra usually with 
a large golden pubescent spot, roughly punctate. 

722. fossator. 



376 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



ff. Thorax shining, punctures distinctly separate, pubescence scarce- 
ly evident. 

./. Upper surface brownish or piceous. not metallic. 
Jc. Head, thorax and elytra pale reddish-brown. 

723. CINNAMGPTEEUS. 

J:l\ Entire upper surface piceous. 724. comes. 

jj. Body above with more or less metallic lustre. 

I. Legs entirely black : head, thorax and elytra violet. 

725. vioLACErs. 

II. Legs bicolored ; head, thorax and elytra bronzed. 

VIRIDAXUS. 

cc. Thorax as wide as long, coarsely and irregularly punctured, with 
smooth spaces in front on each side and at middle near base ; color 
decidedly bronzed. extjla^s. 

717 (2124). Staphymnus badipes Lee. N. Sp. N. Am. Col.. I. 1863, 36. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black or blackish-piceous : antennas and legs 

reddish-brown. Head densely punctured ; antennae slightly longer than 
head. Thorax longer than wide, a little narrower than head: disk densely 
punctate with a smooth median line. Elytra together slightly wider than 
long, densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra, 
segments one to five above each with a small spot of golden pubescence at 
the middle of the front margin. Length 13-17 mm. 

Lake County: rare. May 1— May 5. Taken from beneath cover 
on the beach of Lake Michigan near Pine: also near Hessville. A 
species of northern range. 

S. erythropterus Linn.. 13.5 mm. in length, piceous. with elytra 
and legs pale, has been taken at Detroit. Michigan, and probably 
occurs in the northern third of Indiana. 

718 (2130). Staphtunus ytjlpinus Nordm.. Symb. Mon. Staph., 1837, 53. 

Elongate, robust. Head, elytra and legs uniform pale reddish-brown: 
thorax and antennas darker brown ; abdomen piceous. the last ventral seg- 
ment reddish-brown. Antennas slightly longer than head. Thorax as wide 
as head, as broad as long, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved, disk 
densely punctate, with a trace of a smooth median line behind the middle. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, as broad as long, very densely punc- 
tured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, finely punctu- 
late. Length 15-18 mm. 

Throughout the State : scarce. April 1-September 25. Occurs 
beneath dead leaves and other cover, especially along the sandy 
margins of lakes and ponds. 

719 *(2131). Staphylikus maculosus Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr.. 1806. 165. 
Resembles vulpinus in form and structure. Color darker brown: ely- 
tra and upper surface of abdomen variegated with fuscous spots ; base of 
antennae, tibia?, tarsi and tip of abdomen pale : femora piceous. with edges 
paler. Length 18-25 mm. (Fig. 159, a.) 



THE ST-T0TIT-WTNGT5T) SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



377 



Throughout the State ; frequent. April 28-December 18. Oc- 
curs in carrion, decaying fungi and dung. Hibernates beneath 
partly buried logs near a food supply. 

720 (2132). Staphylinus mysticus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 926. 
Moderately elongate, rather robust. Dark brown to piceous, subopaque; 

tibia?, tarsi, basal joints of antennae and tip of abdomen reddish-brown. 
Thorax not wider than head, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly straight, 
base broadly curved. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together as wide 
as long, densely punctate and clothed with brownish hairs. Abdomen as 
wide as elytra, above densely punctate, sparsely clothed with brownish and 
yellow hairs ; segments two to six with a double row of small velvety spots. 
Length 16-20 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 15-October 4. Occurs be- 
neath cover in upland sandy woods. 

8. femoratus Fab., a southern form, 15 mm. in length, has been 
taken by Dury near Cincinnati and probably occurs sparingly in 
southern Indiana. 

721 *(2135). Staphylinus tomentosus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 161. 
Resembles mysticus in form and structure. Color wholly uniform black, 

opaque; thorax, elytra and abdomen sparsely clothed with short, black 
(rarely brownish) pubescence. Antenna? in both species reaching middle 
of thorax. Head and thorax in both very densely and regularly punctate, 
the punctures of head coarser than those of thorax. Length 14-16 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. February 6-October 21. Oc- 
curs especially along the beaches of lakes, feeding on decaying fish ; 
also on fungi. 

722 (2136). Staphylinus fossatoe Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 164. 
Elongate, rather robust. Black, subopaque ; antenna? and legs piceous ; 

elytra usually with a large spot of golden pubescence on the outer apical 
angles. Head, antennae and thorax much as in mysticus, the punctures of 
head coarser ; the thorax with a narrow, smooth median line on basal half. 
Elytra as wide as thorax, together as broad as long, densely and roughly 
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent, 
densely and finely punctate. Length 13-17 mm. 

Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. August 5-August 21. 
Occurs in decaying fleshy fungi. 

723 *(2138). Staphylinus ctnnamopterus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806. 

164. 

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax, elytra, tibia?, tarsi, apical mar- 
gins of abdominal segments and entire last segment, brownish-red; antenna?, 
under surface, femora and abdomen in great part piceous. Antenna? a lit- 
tle longer than head, slightly paler toward the tip. Thorax as wide as 



378 



FAMILY XI. STAPHVLIXTDJE. 



head, sides straight or feebly curved, base broadly curTed; disk coarsely 
and rather closely punctate, with a narrow, entire smooth median line. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, densely punctulate, sparsely pubescent. 
Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, slightly iridescent more coarsely 
punctate beneath than above. Leugth 12-13.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 22-December 8. 
Occurs on fungi and beneath bark ; hibernates beneath logs, mullein 
leaves, etc. The specimens taken in Lake County by Wolcott along 
the beach of Lake Michigan average larger and have the femora 
wholly reddish-brown. They indicate a distinct race. 

724 (2137). Staphylixus comes Lec., N. Sp. N. Anier. Col.. I. 1S63. 36. 
Resembles the preceding in form and size. Piceous. feebly shining: 

tibia?, tarsi and tip of abdomen pale. Head broader, more coarsely and 
confluently punctate and more pubescent than in cinnamopterus. Abdomen 
with an indistinct double row of velvety spots above and sometimes with a 
pale yellowish spot each side on segmeuts one to five below. Otherwise as 
in the preceding. Length 11.5-12.5 mm. A member of the Austroriparian 
fauna. 

Lake. Vigo and Posey counties: rare. April 19-June 9. Oc- 
curs beneath dung. 

725 (2139). Staphylixus violaceus Grav.. AT on. Col. Micr.. 1S06. 132. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining: head, thorax and elytra dark 

violet blue to cupreous. Antenna? piceous. slightly longer than head. Thorax 
as wide as head, as wide as long, sides feebly, base more broadly curved: 
disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctured and with a distinct, smooth 
median line. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, densely punctulate, sparse- 
ly pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, iridescent, densely and finely 
punctate at base, more coarsely and sparsely toward apex. Length 12- 
14 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent, April 9-August 19. Occurs 
on fungi, at carrion and beneath bark and logs. The base of ab- 
domen above is sparsely clothed with silver-gray pubescence which 
is plainly visible only in a side light. 

8. viridanus Horn. 15-16 mm. in length, occurs from New Eng- 
land to Michigan and has been taken near Cincinnati. S. exulans 
Erichs.. 11-11 mm. in length, is said to range from Canada to Geor- 
gia. Both species probably occur sparingly in the State. 

XXXIII. Ocypus Kirby. 1837. (Gr.. " : swift - foot, ") 

One elongate, parallel species, having the middle coxa? not sepa- 
rated by the mesosternum and the last joint of the labial palpi oval, 
dilated, occurs in the Eastern United States and Indiana. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



379 



726 (2144). Ocypus ater Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 166. 

Black, shining- : tibiae, tarsi and basal half 
of antennae piceous. Antennae slender, reach- 
ing middle of thorax. Head distinctly broad- 
er than long, finely and sparsely punctate. 
Thorax longer than broad, slightly narrower 
than head ; sides nearly straight, rounded 
into base; disk finely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra a little wider than thorax, together 
slightly longer than wide, finely and densely a 
punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen slight- Fi s- 159 - ( After Knobel.) 
ly narrower than elytra, above coarsely and rather closely punctate on 
basal half, more finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 15-17.5 mm. 
(Fig. 159, &.) 

Vigo and Posey counties ; rare. May 11-July 5. Occurs be- 
neath stones and other cover near water. 

XXXIY. Belonuchus Nordm. 1837. (Gr., "a dart + to have. ") 

One small black and yellow species having the femora armed be- 
neath with a row of fine, slender spines, occurs in the State. 

727 (2146). Belonuchus foemosus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1S06, 72. 

Elongate, slender. Reddish-yellow ; head, thorax and last two seg- 
ments of abdomen black, shining. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, 
fuscous, the three basal joints piceous, apical one paler. Head slightly 
broader than thorax, coarsely and very sparsely punctate and with a length- 
wise impression between the bases of antennae. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, sides nearly straight, rounded into base ; disk with a row of five deep 
punctures each side of middle, and with about six others between these 
and margins. Scutellum piceous, coarsely punctured. Elytra one-half 
wider and slightly longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Ab- 
domen slightly narrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent, the dorsal seg- 
ments punctured on their basal halves. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; common. April 17-November 10. Oc- 
curs at maple and other sap, in decaying fungi and carrion, and 
rarely on flowers. 

XXXV. Philonthus Curt. 1830. (Gr., "a lover of dung.") 

A large group of small, slender beetles distinguished from allied 
genera only by the characters given in the generic key. The tho- 
rax, in the great majority of species, is marked on the middle of the 
disk with a double row of dorsal punctures, and the number of 
punctures in these rows is used in separating the genus into groups. 




380 



FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINIM. 



The puncture on the apical margin in front of each of these rows is 
not counted as belonging to the discal or dorsal row, but to the mar- 
ginal series. 

The males in most species have the front tarsi more or less di- 
lated and rather pubescent beneath and the terminal ventral seg- 
ment always more or less emarginate. For convenience the genus 
was divided by Horn into five groups, all of which are represented 
in Indiana. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF THE GENUS PHILONTHUS. 

a. Thorax with distinct and regular rows of dorsal punctures. 

b. Front tarsi more or less dilated and silken pubescent beneath. 

c. Three punctures in each dorsal row. Group A. 

cc. Four punctures in each dorsal row. Group B. 

ccc. Five punctures in each dorsal row. Group C. 

bb. Front tarsi filiform in both sexes and finely spinose beneath ; dorsal 
rows of punctures regular but varying in number. Group D. 

aa. Thorax irregularly punctured, no distinct dorsal rows; front tarsi di- 
lated. Group E. 

Group A. 

In this group the front tarsi are dilated and the discal rows 
contain but three punctures each. The following species have been 
taken or should occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Thorax not narrowed in front, as wide as long ; larger, 6 or more mm. 
b. Elevated line at base of each of the first three dorsal segments of 
abdomen in the form of a brace. > — , — < ; abdomen above coarsely 
punctured ; last ventral of male with a triangular notch. 

728. politus. 

bb. Basal lines of dorsal segments straight. 

c. Black or piceous, elytra more or less bronzed. 
d. Elytra shining, closely punctured ; thorax with a peculiar golden 
iridescence at base. sericinus. 
dd. Elytra rather sparsely and finely punctate; head oval, not wider 
than long; legs reddish-brown. 729. umbratilis. 

cc. Bicolored; black, thorax and base of abdomen red. 

730. IvETULUS. 

aa. Thorax narrowed in front; elevated line at base of dorsal segments 
straight. 

e. Elytra black, distinctly bronzed, roughly punctate. asper. 
ee. Elytra dark or dull yellow, not bronzed, simply punctate. 

731. HEPATICUS. 

728 (2149). Philonthus politus Linn., Faun. Suec, 1746, 843. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining: elytra bronzed, sparsely pu- 
bescent. Antenna? piceous, reaching base of thorax, joints 5-10 broader 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



381 



than long. Head feebly bronzed, sparsely punctate behind the eyes. Thorax 
slightly broader than long, sides sinuate behind the middle, then rounded 
into base. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together almost square ; 
sparsely and rather finely punctured. Abdomen slightly narrower thau 
elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate above, more sparsely beneath ; 
last ventral segment with a small triangular notch in male. Length 10- 
12.5 mm. 

Vigo and Crawford counties ; rare. April 17-June 27. Occurs 
in stable manure. 

P. sericinus Horn. 11 mm. in length, is known from Canada, 
Pennsylvania and Texas, and therefore should occur in Indiana. 

729 (2156). Philonthus umbratilis Grav., Micr., 1802, 170. 

Rather slender, subfusiform. Black, moderately shining; elytra feebly 
bronzed, sparsely clothed with brownish hairs. Head subquadrate, punc- 
tured near the hind angles. Antennae piceous, slightly longer than head 
and thorax, joints 5 to 10 a little longer than wide. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, sides nearly straight, dorsal punctures deep. Elytra wider than 
thorax, together nearly square, finely and rather closely punctate. Abdo- 
men more finely and less densely punctate than elytra. Last ventral of 
male deeply notched. Length 7-8 mm. 

Kosciusko County: rare. July 24. Taken from beneath rub- 
bish on shores of Lake Wawasee. A boreal species which also oc- 
curs in Europe. 

730 (2157). Philonthus ljstulus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 

449 ; ibid. II, 564. 

Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and three apical segments of abdomen 
black ; thorax, femora and three basal segments of abdomen dull red ; tibiae 
and tarsi piceous. Thorax nearly square, narrower than head; sides sin- 
uate behind middle, then rounded into base. Elytra slightly wider and 
one-third longer than thorax, sparsely and finely punctate, very sparsely 
pubescent. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm. 

Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 18-September 12. 
Occurs in fungi. 

P. asper Horn, 8.5 mm. in length, has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati and very probably occurs in southern Indiana. It is found 
in the stems of mushrooms. 

731 (2167). Philonthi s hepaticus Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 451. 
Slender, subfusiform. Head black ; thorax and elytra dark brown, the 

latter sometimes dull yellow ; abdomen and under surface piceous. An- 
tenna? slender, reaching base of thorax, piceous. the two basal joints and 
legs pale yellowish. Head small, oval, narrower than thorax, with a very 
few coarse punctures, two of which are on the front between the eyes. 
Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight. Elytra wider than thorax, 



382 



FAMILY XI. STAPHTLIXID^. 



finely but not densely punctured, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. 
Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, more finely and densely punctate. 
Male with last ventral acutely and deeply notched. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 8- August 15. Occurs 
on fungi and beneath dead leaves and logs. The abdominal seg- 
ments have their apical margins always paler. 

Group B. 

In this group the front tarsi are dilated and there are four 
punctures in each of the dorsal rows of thorax. The males are 
readily separated by the notch of the last ventral segment. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP P>. 

a. Front tarsi of males very broadly dilated, sometimes plate-like. 

b. Thorax oval, distinctly narrowed in front; elytra black or piceous, 
coarsely not closely punctured ; length 6.5-8 mm. 732. uhbeests. 
1)1). Thorax quadrangular, very little narrowed in front. 

c. Elytra clear red. very sparsely and rather finely punctate. 

733. PALLIATES. 

cc. Elytra black or piceous. at least moderately punctate. 

dr. Black; last ventral of male with a rather deep, lengthwise im- 
pression extending nearly to its base. 734. qeadricollis. 
del. Brownish or piceous ; last ventral of male without a lengthwise 
impression ; legs and basal joints of antennae pale. 

735. DEBILIS. 

aa. Front tarsi of males moderately dilated, sometimes very little wider 
than in the female. 
e. Larger. 5-7.5 mm. ; antennas slender, the outer joints longer than 
wide. 

f. Elytra rather densely punctured; abdomen very distinctly punc- 

tured. VABIANS. 
ff. Elytra sparsely punctured, slightly bronzed; abdomen very indis- 
tinctly punctured. 736. longicornis. 
ee. Smaller, not over 5 mm. : antennae slender, outer joints quadrate. 

g. Thorax as wide as long: hindmost dorsal puncture distant from 

the third. * discoidees. 

gg. Thorax longer than wide : punctures equidistant. thermarem. 

732 (2169). Philonthes tjmbbinus Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806. 169. 

Moderately elongate, rather robust. Body black, strongly shining ; legs 
piceous or dull brownish-yellow. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, joints 
4r~10 gradually shorter and wider than long. Head subquadrate. front with 
two pairs of punctures above each eye: hind angles sparsely punctate. 
Thorax convex, slightly longer than wide, the hindmost puncture somewhat 
distant from the third. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely clothed 
with brownish hairs. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely and rather coarsely 
punctate. Last ventral segment of male deeply notched, the margins of 
the notch grooved. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Vigo County ; rare. July 1. Taken from decaying fleshy fungi. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



383 



733 ( 2171). Philonthus palliatus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 53. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; elytra, legs and base of 

antenna? dull reddish-yellow. Antenna* piceous, not reaching base of thorax, 
joints 5-10 nearly square. Thorax slightly longer than wide, dorsal punc- 
tures large, deep and equidistant. Elytra scarcely wider and not longer 
than thorax, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra, 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Male with last ventral broadly and shal- 
lowly notched at apex. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Laporte, Starke and Putnam counties; rare. July 10- August 
20. Occurs beneath cover near water. 

734 (2175). Philonthus quadricollis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI, 

1884, 194. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; antennas and legs piceous, 
the former reaching base of thorax. Head with a few coarse punctures be- 
hind the eyes and two on middle of front. Thorax slightly wider than 
head, a little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely, 
not densely punctate; surface feebly bronzed, sparsely pubescent. Abdo- 
men as wide as elytra, above sparsely and finely punctate at base, more 
densely toward apex. Length 5-7 mm. 

Northern half of State, frequent; less so southward. May 8- 
September 17. Occurs in fungi. 

735 (2177). Philonthus debilis Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 35. 
Elongate, slender. Brownish-piceous to nearly black; legs reddish- 
brown, the tibia? and tarsi darker; antennas piceous, reaching middle of 
thorax, the two basal joints paler. Thorax wider than 'head, not longer 
than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely 
punctate, feebly pubescent. Abdomen above finely and sparsely punctate, 
beneath more coarsely punctate, the margins of the segments paler; last 
ventral of male deeply notched, the margins of the notch grooved. Length 
5-6 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties ; rare. April 7-July 24. 

736 (2179). Philonthus longicornis Steph., Illus. Brit. Ent., V, 237. 
Subfusiform, rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head 

oval, hind angles punctured ; antennae piceous, as long as head and thorax, 
joints 4 to 10 slightly longer than broad. Thorax oval, a little longer than 
wide, distinctly narrowed in front ; sides nearly straight ; dorsal punctures 
deep, the hind ones more distant. Elytra wider than thorax, slightly wider 
than long; rather densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen above finely 
and densely punctured, more so at the bases of the segments; iridescent 
and more densely punctate beneath. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. October 21. In the only specimen at 
hand the dorsal punctures of thorax are four on one side and five on 
the other. 

[25—23402] 



384 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLIXIDiE. 



P. varians Payk., 5-6.5 mm. ; P. discoideus Grav., 4-5.5 mm., and 
P. thermarum Aube, 3 mm. in length, all have a known distribution 
which should bring them within the limits of the Indiana fauna, 
but no one of them is represented in the collection at hand. 

Group C. 

In this group the punctures of the dorsal rows of thorax are five 
in number and the front tarsi of males are rather widely dilated; 
those of females more narrowly dilated. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEOUP C. 

a. Males with the last two ventral segments notched at apex; color vari- 
able ; surface densely punctate ; length 4.5-5.5 mm. alumnus. 
ad. Males with the last segment only notched. 
1). Elytra red. 

c. Thorax entirely red. distinctly narrowed in front, much wider than 
head and as broad as the base of elytra. 737. thoeacicus. 

cc. Thorax black. 

d. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front; body spindle-sbaped. 

738. FUSIFOEMIS. 

dd. Thorax scarcely narrowed in front ; form parallel ; legs and base 
of antennae pale yellow. 739. fulvipes. 

1)1). Elytra black or piceous. 

e. Legs and antenna? wholly black ; elytra black ; length 10 mm. 

740. SCHWAEZI. 

ee. Legs and base of antenna? paler ; general color piceous. 
f. Head oval, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes. 
g. Elytra and abdomen opaque, very densely and finely punc- 
tured; antenna? rather short and stout; joints 5-10 broader 
than long ; length 4.5-5 mm. 741. micans. 

gg. Elytra more or less shining, neither densely nor finely punc- 
tate. 

h. Antenna? slender, the joints all longer than wide; length 
6.5-8 mm. 

i. Basal joint of antenna? pale ; abdomen not coarsely punc- 

tate 742. LOMATUS. 

U. Antenna? entirely piceous : elytra more coarsely, abdomen 
more sparsely, punctate than in lomatus. cunctans. 
hh. Antenna? shorter, the outer joints not longer than wide: ab- 
domen quite coarsely punctured; length 5 mm. jequalis. 
ff. Head quadrate, not narrowed behind the eyes; abdomen finely 
punctulate ; elytra brownish ; length 5 mm. 743. bbunneus. 

737 (2184). Philonthus thoeacicus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr.. 1806. 170. 

Slender, subfusiform. Piceous, shining; thorax and elytra dull red; 
legs and three basal joints of antenna? brownish-yellow. Antenna? reaching 
beyond base of thorax, joints all longer than wide. Thorax described in 
key. Elytra together broader than long, not longer than thorax, rather 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



385 



densely and finely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide at base 
as elytra, tbence tapering- to apex, less densely and more coarsely punc- 
tured. Length 7.5-8 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 22-August 12. Taken 
from beneath stones and logs. 

738 (2185). Philonthus fusiformis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 38. 

Moderately elongate, fusiform. Head and thorax black, strongly shin- 
ing; elytra dull red; antennae, under surface and abdomen piceous; legs 
brownish-yellow. Antennae reaching base of thorax, all the joints longer 
than wide, two basal ones paler. Thorax wider than head, not longer than 
wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide, 
rather coarsely and closely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide 
at base as elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, sparsely and coarsely 
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Lake and Putnam counties; rare.. April 10-June 15. 

739 ( 2186). Philonthus fulvipes Fab., Syst. Ent, I, 1785, 526. 
Slender, parallel. Head, thorax and abdomen black, shining; elytra 

pale red ; antennae and under surface piceous. Antennae reaching base of 
thorax, joints 5-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly wider than head, a 
little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little 
wider than long, rather sparsely and finely punctate. ' Abdomen as wide at 
base as elytra, sides almost parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely 
punctate. Length 6.5 mm. 

Starke County ; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath cover in 
sandy woodland pasture. 

740 (2188). Philonthus schwaezi Horn, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, XI, 

1884, 201. 

Robust, fusiform. Uniform black, shining. Antennae slightly longer 
than head and thorax, joints all longer than wide. Head small, orbicular, 
sparsely punctured behind the eyes. Thorax much wider than head, not 
longer than wide, narrower in front ; dorsal punctures fine and equidistant. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little wider than long, densely, 
finely and roughly punctate. Abdomen feebly iridescent, more coarsely and 
sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 9-10 mm. 

Wolf Lake and Pine, Lake County; frequently locally. March 
26-May 21. Taken by Wolcott from beneath cover on sandy 
beaches. One of our largest and most robust species of Philonthus. 
Recorded heretofore only from Massachusetts and Detroit, Mich- 
igan. 

741 (2196). Philonthus micans Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 25. 
Elongate, slender. Head piceous; elytra and abdomen brownish or 

piceous; legs dull yellow. Antennae reaching base of thorax, piceous, the 
basal joint paler. Thorax much wider than head, as broad as long, slightly 



386 



FAMILY XI. — STAJPHYLINIDJE. 



narrowed in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely punc- 
tured, subopaque, finely pubescent. Abdomen parallel, slightly iridescent, 
densely and rather finely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Steuben, Vigo, Lawrence) Posey and Crawford counties; rare. 
April 22-October 7. 

742 (2197). Philonthus lomatus Erich's., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 4K2. 
Moderately elongate, more robust than in micans. Head black, shin- 
ing; thorax and elytra black or dark brown, bronzed; under surface and 
abdomen piceous, the margins of the ventral segments paler ; legs dull yel- 
low. Antenna? nearly half the length of body. Thorax oval, longer than 
wide, narrowed in front. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, together 
one-third longer than wide; rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen 
more sparsely punctate and as wide at base as elytra, thence feebly but 
distinctly tapering to apex. Male with front tarsi rather broadly dilated 
and last ventral with a triangular notch. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; one of the most common of the Staphy- 
linids. March 17-October 14. Occurs beneath cover, more com- 
monly in low moist places. 

P. alumnus Erichs, and P. cunctans Horn are species of south- 
ern range, which may perhaps be found in southern Indiana. P. 
cequalis is a member of the boreal fauna which may inhabit the 
northern counties of the State. 

743 *(2200). Philonthus brunneds Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 172. 
Short, rather robust. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous, shining; legs 

and basal joints of antennae dull yellow; apical margins of ventral seg- 
ments paler. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, joints 4-10 as wide as 
long. Thorax slightly wider than head, longer than wide, feebly narrowed 
in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely, finely and roughly 
punctate. Abdomen densely and finely punctate above, more sparsely and 
coarsely beneath. Apex of last ventral of male with a large oval notch. 
Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 13— December 8. Oc- 
curs in fungi and beneath rubbish in damp woods; also at carrion. 

Group D. 

In this group the front tarsi in both sexes are not at all dilated 
and the under surface of the tarsal joints bears sparse, short, stiff 
hairs, while in the preceding groups the under surface is thickly 
clothed with silken hairs. The dorsal punctures are variable in 
number. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP D. 

a. Dorsal punctures three. 

h. Thorax wider than long ; elytra metallic blue or green. 

744. CYANTPENNIS. 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



387 



hb. Thorax oval, as long or longer than wide, not or but slightly nar- 
rowed in front. 
c. Species bi colored. 

d. Blue-black ; thorax and base of abdomen reddish-yellow. 

745. BLANDUS. 

dd. Piceous; elytra red, nearly smooth. quediinus. 
cc. Species not bi colored. 

e. Entirely black, elytra bronzed; abdomen distinctly punctate. 

/. Notch of last ventral of male oval. 746. sordidus. 

ff. Notch of last ventral triangular. cephalotes. 
ee. Piceous or fuscous yellow, head black; abdomen sparsely punc- 
tured beneath. inquietus. 
aa. Dorsal punctures more than three. 
g. Dorsal punctures four. 

h. Thorax nearly square ; length 5 mm. 747. ventralis. 
hh. Thorax longer than wide, its sides parallel ; elytra black, as long 

or longer than thorax, nearly smooth at sides and base. 

FALLACIOSUS. 

gg. Dorsal punctures five ; thorax oblong, notably longer than wide. 

i. Piceous or brownish. 

j. Last ventral of male without a notch but with a channel ex- 
tending the entire length of the segment. 748. parvus. 
jj. Notch of last ventral distinct, broad, semicircular. 

749. MICROPTHALMUS. 

ii. Black, shining; notch of last ventral very feeble and with a long 
triangular smooth space. 750. nigritulus. 

ggg. Dorsal punctures seven or eight, 751. multipunctatus. 

744 ( 2201). Philonthus cyanipennis Fab., Ent. Syst, I, 1785, 525. 
Elongate, robust. Black, shining; elytra metallic blue; antennas and 

tarsi piceous. Head large, quadrate, as wide or wider than thorax, coarse- 
ly punctured behind the eyes. Thorax oval, slightly narrower in front. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together broader than long, coarsely and 
rather densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen iridescent, more 
coarsely and sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 12-15 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 27-October 23. Oc- 
curs on fleshy fungi. 

745 ( 2202). Philonthus blandus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 72. 
Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and apical half of abdomen black. 

shining, often with a bluish tinge; thorax, base of abdomen and legs red- 
dish-yellow; antenna? piceous. Head subquadrate, sparsely punctured be- 
hind the eyes. Thorax scarcely wider than head, sides sinuate near base. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together one-fourth longer than wide, 
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, very sparsely 
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. May ll-October 31. Occurs in 
leathery fungi on beech and elm stumps. 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



P. quediinus Horn. 6 mm. in length, was described from Detroit 
and Kansas and should, therefore, occur in Indiana. 

746 (2204). Philonthts sobdidus Grav.. Men. Col. Micr.. 1806, 176. 
Elongate, slender. Black, shining: elytra bronzed; antennae and legs 

pic-eons, the former shorter than head and thorax, joints 5-10 wider than 
long. Thorax not wider than head, slightly wider than long, not narrowed 
in front. Elytra a little wider than thorax, coarsely, roughly and sparsely 
punctate. Abdomen parallel, more finely and sparsely punctate than elytra, 
the ventral segments with their apical margins paler. Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Marion County: scarce. April 12. Taken from beneath car- 
rion. 

P. cephalotes Grav.. length 6-7.5 mm.; P. inquietus Erichs.. 
length 5 mm, and P. faUaciosus Horn, length 1 mm., all have a 
range which denotes the possibility of their occurrence in Indiana. 

747 (2209). PHiLOXTHirs ventbalis Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 174. 
Rather short, robust. Head and thorax black, shining ; elytra and ab- 
domen piceous or dark brown ; antennas piceous, as long as head and thorax, 
joints 4-10 as wide as long, the two basal ones and legs dark reddish-brown. 
Thorax slightly wider than head, not narrowed in front; dorsal punctures 
deep, the fourth somewhat distant from third. Elytra slightly wider than 
thorax, rather finely not closely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely 
punctate. Notch of last ventral of male feeble. Length 5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; scarce. May 5— July 21. 

74S (2216). Philonthus parvus Horn, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. XI. 1884, 
214. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous. feebly shining ; elytra slightly bronzed : an- 
tenna? dusky, two basal joints and legs dull yellow. Antennae as long as 
head and thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax oblong, not wider 
than head, longer than wide ; sides nearly parallel : punctures equidistant. 
Elytra together distinctly longer than wide, slightly wider and about as 
long as thorax, rather finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen slightly iri- 
descent, the punctures finer than on elytra. Length 4.5 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. April 4-October 
17. The male is easily distinguished from the next by the entire 
°roove of last ventral : the female has elytra longer, more sparsely 
punctate and evidently bronzed. Described from Arizona. Speci- 
mens were submitted to H. C. Fall for verification. 

749 ( 2222). Philonthus microphthalmias Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. 
• XI, 1884. 216. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black: elytra, abdomen, tibia? 
and tarsi piceous : femora dull yellow. Antenna? shorter than head and 
thorax, joints 5-10 as wide or wider than long. Thorax scarcely wider 
than head, sides nearly parallel; punctures equidistant. Elytra slightly 



THE SHOUT-WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



380 



wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide; rather coarsely and 
sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel, more finely punctate than elytra. 
Length .3.5-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April -21 -November 28. Taken 
by sifting; also sometimes by beating low herbs. 

750 ( 2221). Philonthus nigritulus Grav.. Micr., 1802, 41. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining: elytra often feebly bronzed; legs 
piceous or paler. Head oval, its sides parallel ^hind angles sparsely punc- 
tate. Antenna? piceous, as long as head and thorax, joints 7 to 10 not longer 
than wide. Thorax not wider than head, longer than wide: dorsal punc- 
tures equidistant. Elytra slightly wider and a little longer than thorax, 
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and more finely punctured 
than elytra. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Starke County: scarce, May 18. Sifted from decaying sphag- 
num moss. A member of the boreal fauna. 

751 ( )• Philonthus meltipuxctatus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Dark chestnut brown, feebly shining : antenna? pic- 
eous. the two basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Antenna? slightly longer 
than head and thorax, joints 5-10 as broad as long. 11th very little longer. 
Head subouadrate. longer than wide, sides parallel. Thorax very little 
wider than head, slightly longer than wide: dorsal punctures eight, the 
rows diverging toward base, the last puncture nearer the median line. Ely- 
tra slightly wider than thorax, together one-fourth longer than wide, rather 
finely, shallowly and sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel, as wide as ely- 
tra, above finely and rather closely, beneath much more sparsely, punctate. 
Last ventral of male with a broad rounded median notch. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. May 9. Taken from beneath decay- 
ing fleshy fungi. 

Gboep E. 

Medium or rather large species. 7 or more mm. in length, hay- 
ing the punctures of dorsal rows irregular or confused, or some- 
times the entire thorax with numerous or even dense punctures. 
Last ventral of male always emarginate. 

KEY TO TXDTAXA SPECIES OE GEOUP E. 

a. Thorax longer than wide, either parallel or narrowed behind. 

b. Thorax with very few punctures : head oval, nearly smooth, narrowed 
behind the eyes : length S.5 mm. seepextexus. 
hi). Thorax with numerous coarse punctures; head transverse or quad- 
rate, not narrowed behind: length 9-13 mm. 
c. Head transverse, wider than long. 
>L Antenna? bead-like : elytra red ; abdomen brown. 

752. BAETIMOREXSIS, 



390 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^E. 



dd. Antennae of normal form ; tip of abdomen reddish. 

753. APICALIS. 

cc. Head quadrate, punctured beneath ; legs pale yellow ; length 7.5 mm. 

VIEIDANUS. 

aa. Thorax oval, as wide as long, distinctly narrowed in front. 

e. Thorax densely punctured, a narrow median space only smooth ; legs 
pale yellow; length 9.5 mm. confertus. 
ee. Thorax coarsely and sparsely punctured; legs piceous; last ventral 
of male feebly emarginate ; length 7.5-9.5 mm. 754. aurulentus. 

P. serpentinus Horn, reddish-brown, head and thorax black, was 
described from a specimen taken in Kentucky, near Cincinnati. It 
doubtless occurs in southern Indiana. 

752 *(2228). Philonthus baltimorensis Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1S06. 163. 
Elongate, robust. Head and thorax black; elytra dull red; legs pic- 
eous, the tarsi paler. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, piceous, the ap- 
ical joint, pale. Thorax scarcely as wide as head, slightly longer than wide, 
distinctly narrowed behind the middle, sparsely and irregularly punctate, 
smooth at middle. Elytra wider than thorax, its surface, as well as that 
of abdomen, rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 10-13 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. March 18-December 10. Hi- 
bernates beneath logs and rubbish in fence rows. 

753 (2229). Philonthus apicalis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV, 1834, 

451 ; ibid. II, 566. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining: tarsi, terminal joint of an- 
tenna? and last three segments of abdomen reddish-brown. Antenna? reach- 
ing middle of thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly nar- 
rower than head, a little longer than wide, feebly narrowed behind, punc- 
tate as in baltimorensis. Elytra wider than thorax, together one-third 
longer than wide ; surface as well as that of abdomen, coarsely and sparsely 
punctate. Length 9-11 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; rare. May 3-October 31. 
Occurs beneath logs on damp wooded hillsides. 

P. viridmius Horn, occurring "from the Middle States westward 
to Missouri," and P. confer lus Lec~ known from Canada, Iowa, 
Illinois, and Kansas, probably occur in Indiana but are not repre- 
sented in the collections. 

754 (2234). Philonthus aurulentus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI. 

1884, 222. 

Elongate, robust. Black, feebly bronzed or iridescent. Antenna? pic- 
eous, slightly longer than head and thorax, joints 8-10 wider than long. 
Head subquadrate. coarsely punctate at sides, smooth at middle. Thorax 
as wide as long, smooth at middle, coarsely and rather evenly punctate at 
sides. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide. 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



densely and rather finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely punctate 
above, more distinctly beneath. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

One in Wolcott collection From beach of Lake Michigan near 
Pine, Lake County. June 6. Known from Michigan, Kentucky 
and the northwest. 

XXXVI. Actobius Fauvel. 1875. (Gr., "shore + I live.") 

Small, slender, sparsely pubescent species having the last joint 
of maxillary palpi conical, acute and longer than the next to last 
joint; the first joint of hind tarsi equal to or shorter than fifth. 
The males have the front tarsi more or less dilated and the last 
ventral emarginate, often feebly so. Twenty-three species are listed 
from the United States. Of these the following have been taken or 
probably occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACTOBIUS. 

a. Upper surface black or piceous. 

J). Elytra very densely punctured and opaque. 

c. Head opaque, very finely and densely punctured both above and 
below. 755. cinerascens. 

cc. Head more or less shining, punctures above coarse and much less 
dense. 

d. Thorax oval, very little longer than wide. 

e. Elytra longer than thorax, the latter not narrower behind. 

756. NANUS. 

ee. Elytra not longer than thorax, the latter very plainly narrowed 
behind. inutilis. 
dd. Thorax oblong, much longer than wide; elytra depressed, paral- 
lel, longer than thorax. 757. fraterculus. 
bh. Elytra more or less shining, their punctures distinct. 

f. Thorax oblong, narrower behind, its punctures numerous, irregu- 
larly placed; elytra distinctly longer than thorax, paler at tips, 
the punctures sparse and rather coarse. 758. sobrinus. 

ff. Thorax more or less oval, not narrowed behind, the punctures few- 
er and arranged in three irregular rows each side. 
g. Elytra finely and rather densely punctured ; larger, 5-6 mm. ; 
piceous, the legs pale. 
//. Elytra very densely punctured; front tarsi of male very broad- 
ly dilated. patella. 
hh. Elytra shining, less densely punctured; front tarsi of male 
much less dilated. 759. loxatus. 

gg, Elytra coarsely punctured; smaller, not over 3.5 mm.; antennae 
and legs pale. 760. parous. 

aa. Ricolored species ; thorax and legs always yellow. 

i. Abdomen above and beneath rather densely punctured, feebly or not 
at all shining. 



392 



FAMILY XI. — STAPH YLINIDJE. 



./'. Apex of elytra with narrow pale border. 7U1. p.ederoides. 

jj. Elytra uniform in color, more elongate. 762. jocosus. 

ii. Abdomen very sparsely punctured, more strongly shining ; head and 
thorax with numerous punctures. 
Jc. Meta thorax nearly black; elytra widely dull yellow at tips. 

TERMINALIS. 

7>;7f. Metathorax reddish ; elytra narrowly bordered with paler at tips. 

UMBRIPENNIS. 

755 (2235). Actobius cinerascens Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 49. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra and abdomen pic- 
eous, opaque ; legs dusky yellow, the tibiae and tarsi darker ; antennae brown- 
ish, paler at base and tip, shorter than head and thorax, the joints all 
longer than wide. Thorax not wider than head, very little longer than 
wide, sides sinuate ; disk rather closely and coarsely punctate, with a nar- 
row smooth space at middle. Elytra slightly broader than thorax, together 
one-third longer than wide ; surface, as well as that of abdomen, densely 
and finely punctate. Length 4-5 mm. 

Marshall and Putnam counties; frequent. April 17-October 
17. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

756 (2236). Actobius nanus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI. 1884, 225. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and ab- 
domen piceous. subopaque; antenme and legs dusky yellow. Head coarsely 
and sparsely punctate above, more finely and closely beneath. Thorax not 
wider than head, sides sinuate ; disk sparsely and coarsely punctate on 
sides, with a broad median smooth space. Elytra slightly wider and one- 
third longer than thorax ; surface, as well as that of abdomen, densely ami 
finely punctate. Length 4.5 mm. 

Steuben and Posey counties ;* rare. April 21 -May 25. Taken 
by sifting. Shorter and slightly stouter than cinerascens, with the 
head and thorax much more coarsely and sparsely punctate. 

757 (2238). Actobius fbaterculus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI, 1884. 

226. 

Elongate, very slender, parallel. Head and thorax black, shining; ely- 
tra, and abdomen brownish-piceous, subopaque; antenna? and legs pale 
brown, the former shorter than head and thorax, joints 8-10 as long as 
wide. Head subquadrate. sparsely and coarsely punctured above, more 
densely beneath. Thorax not wider than head, one-third longer than wide, 
very little narrowed behind ; disk coarsely and sparsely punctate, with a 
rather broad, median smooth space. Elytra slightly wider and one-third 
longer than thorax; surface, as well as that of abdomen, rather finely and 
densely punctate. Length 3.5 mm. 

Marion County; rare. May 30. Taken from beneath bark of 
butternut. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAYENGEB BEETLES. 



393 



758 (2243). Actobius sobrinus Ericlis., Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 512. 
Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra and abdomen pic- 

eous, shining; antennae brownish, joints 7-10 as wide as long, the two 
basal ones and legs pale yellow. Head quadrate, coarsely and rather 
sparsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax not wider than head, 
coarsely and rather closely punctate except at middle. Elytra described 
in key. Abdomen sparsely punctate, the segments paler at tip, the first 
four dorsal ones deeply, transversely impressed at base. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 9-October 17. Occurs 
beneath dead leaves and bark. 

759 (2246). Actobius loxatus Horn. Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, XI, 1884.220. 
Elongate, broader than in the preceding forms. Head, thorax and ely- 
tra black, shining; abdomen and legs piceous. the tarsi paler; antennae 
brownish, shorter than head and thorax, the joints longer than wide. Head 
subquadrate, with a few coarse punctures along the sides. Thorax not 
wider than head, nearly as wide as long, punctures coarse, sparse. Elytra 
wider and slightly longer than thorax, together longer than wide. Abdo- 
men subopaque. rather densely and finely punctate; the second and third 
dorsal segments shallowly impressed at base. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. April 22-Oetober 17. 
Sifted from beneath damp vegetable debris. 

760 (2249). Actobius parous Horn. Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc. XI. 1884. 234. 
Slender, subfusiform. Black, shining; elytra and abdomen with a pic- 
eous tinge; legs dull yellow, the tarsi dusky; antenme brownish, reaching 
middle of thorax; terminal joints paler, all as wide as long. Head oval, 
sparsely and coarsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax slightly 
wider than head, very little longer than wide: the punctures each side of 
the median smooth space arranged in a regular row of seven. Elytra a 
little wider and longer than thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Ab- 
domen more finely punctate, the second and third dorsal segments nar- 
rowly transversely impressed at base. Length 3.5 mm. 

Kosciusko. Starke and Putnam counties; frequent. April 17- 
October 17. Taken by sifting. 

761 (2251). Actobius p^dekoides Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1863, 38. 
Elongate, slender. Head, meso- and metasterna and tip of abdomen 

black : thorax, base of abdomen and legs yellow : elytra black with a bluish 
tinge, the tips paler : antenna piceous. three basal joints paler, joints 6-10 
as wide as long. Head very coarsely punctate, smooth at middle. Thorax 
oblong, not wider than head, slightly narrower near base : sides distinctly 
sinuate ; disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctate with a narrow median 
smooth space. Elytra rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 3.5- 
4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: scarce. May 19-September 1. Occurs 
beneath rubbish along the margins of ponds and streams. 



394 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLIXIDJE. 



762 (2252). Actobies jocosus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XI. 18S4. 
232. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Color of preceding except that the elytra 
are wholly black, and the antenna? brown, paler at base. Thorax oblong, 
slightly narrowed behind, sides almost straight, punctate as in pwderoides ; 
elytra much longer and more coarsely punctured than there, one-half longer 
than wide. Length 4.5 mm. 

Lake County ; rare, June 15. Taken from beneath the prickly- 
pear cactus. 

A. inutilis Horn. 3.5-4 mm.: A. patella Horn. 5 mm.; A. termi- 
naMs Lee. 4.5 mm., and A. umljripennis Lee. 3.5 mm. in length; 
all have a known range which might include Indiana in their dis- 
tribution, but no one of them has as yet been noted within the State. 

Tribe III. XANTHOLLNINL 

Very slender, small or medium-sized species, having the head 
usually equal in width to thorax and narrowed behind into a small 
neck; antenna? elbowed, inserted close together near the middle of 
the front margin of the front; thorax long and rectangular with 
rows of punctures of which the outer ones are curved, its side mar- 
gins double and thoracic spiracles visible. Of the seven genera 
comprising the tribe, four are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO IXDIANA GEXEKA OF XAXTHOLIXIXL 

(/. Antenna? strongly elbowed; edges of elytra overlapping at suture: mid- 
dle coxa? widely separated. 
b. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, not awl-shaped. 

XXXVII. Xanthounus. 
bb. Last joint of maxillary palpi short, awl-shaped. 

c. Front tarsi broadly dilated : head densely strigose-punctate. 

XXXVIII. Leptolixus. 
cc. Front tarsi not dilated. XXXIX. Leptacixes. 

a a. Antennae feebly elbowed; elytra not overlapping at suture, the sutural 
stria deep ; thorax narrowed in front. XL. Diochus. 

XXXVII. Xanthomnus Serv. 1825. (Gr.. "yellow.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in the 
State by nine known species, while one other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XANTHOLINUS. 

a. Upper (outer) marginal line of thorax bent downward and united with 
the lower -one at middle: thorax with dorsal rows of' five or six fine 
punctures. 763. cephales. 

aa. Upper marginal line of thorax separate from the lower one nearly to 
apex, not bent downward in front. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



395 



b. Punctures in dorsal rows of thorax four to six in number, 
c. Color in great part black or piceous. 

cl. Thorax and elytra black, legs dark reddish-brown. obsidianus. 
del. Thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; form very slender. 

764. LINEARIS. 

cc. Color mostly pale; head usually black or piceous. 

e. Abdomen wholly pale; punctures of head distinct, coarse and 
sparse. 

f. Dorsal rows of thoracic punctures extending but little behind 
the middle : form more robust ; length 5.5-6 mm. 

765. EMMESUS. 

//. Dorsal rows of punctures extending nearly to base ; form very 
slender ; length 4.5-5 mm. 766. fusctceps. 

ee. Last two segments of abdomen black; punctures of head very 
minute and indistinct: length 7-7.5 mm. 767. ixdianexsis. 
hi). Punctures in dorsal rows of thorax 8 to 12 in number. 
g. Piceous black, thorax not paler. 

7;. Head beneath feebly punctured, above very sparsely and coarsely 
punctured on the sides ; elytra dark red. 768. gttlaris. 

hh. Head beneath coarsely and deeply punctured; elytra piceous. 
legs dull brownish-yellow. 769. obscurus. 

gg. Brownish-yellow, head darker; gular sutures deep. 

i. Head very sparsely punctate ; body moderately robust. 

770. HAMATUS. 

ii. Head more closely punctate, especially on sides ; body very slen- 

der. 771. pusillus. 

*763 (2268). Xantholinus cephaixs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV, 
1834, 452 ; ibid. II. 567. 
Elongate, slender. Black, shining : elytra and legs reddish-yellow : an- 
tenna? and under surface dark reddish-brown to piceous. Head longer than 
wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured above, more finely punctured and 
alutaceous beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, as wide as head 
in front, gradually narrowed to base. Elytra as long as and scarcely 
wider than thorax, coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctured. Abdomen 
finely and very sparsely punctate. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Vigo and Posev counties; rare. October 7-December 25. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and rubbish. 

X. obsidianus Melsh., 6.5 mm. in length, occurs in Pennsylvania 
and Iowa, and probably inhabits Indiana. 

764 ( ). Xanthountjs linearis sp. nov. 

Linear. Head black, shining: thorax, legs and three basal joints of 
antenna? reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown, the margins and epipleura 
pale yellow; abdomen piceous. Antenna? stout, but slightly longer than 
head, pale brown. Head alutaceous. as long as and wider than thorax, 
coarsely and evenly punctate on sides and base above, sparsely and more 



396 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINID^. 



finely punctate beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, gradually but 
feebly narrowed from apex to base, the dorsal rows with five or six coarse 
punctures. Elytra scarcely wider and a little shorter than thorax, coarsely 
and sparsely punctate, the punctures in somewhat irregular rows. Ab- 
dominal segments finely and sparsely punctate at base, both above and be- 
neath. Length 5.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 24. Taken by sifting. Liebeck 
compared this with the specimens in the Horn collection and stated 
that it was a species near temporalis Horn. That species was de- 
scribed from Florida, has the thorax black, the elytra piceo-testace- 
ous at sides and tip and the inner frontal groove long and deep. 

*765 (2274). Xantholinus emmesus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 176. 

Elongate, slender. Head black or piceous, rarely pale; thorax, elytra 
and legs pale reddish-brown, strongly shining; abdomen usually reddish- 
fuscous ; antenna? slightly longer than head, brownish, paler at base. Head 
a little wider and as long as thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate above 
and beneath. Thorax one-third longer than wide, feebly narrowing from 
apex to base, the dorsal rows with four or five, the rows on sides with five 
or six, rather fine punctures. Elytra about as long and wide as thorax, 
each with three rows of rather coarse punctures, the sutural row irregular. 
Abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties; much 
less so northward. January 6-June 27. Occurs beneath bark and 
logs. When disturbed they and other members of the genus roll 
themselves into a coil and feign death. In one slender -bodied ex- 
ample from Lake County, the head is concolorous with the re- 
mainder of the body. 

766 (2274a). Xantholinus fuscicers Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII. 

1880, 173. 

Smaller and distinctly more slender than emmesus; elytra more or less 
fuscous, both they and abdomen darker than thorax. Punctures of dorsal 
rows usually six. Length 4.5 mm. 

Putnam arid Posey counties; scarce. April 21 -April 22. Oc- 
curs in the Middle, Southern and Western States. 

767 (— — ). Xantholinus indiajstensis sp. nov. 

Elongate, rather robust. Head and last two segments of abdomen 
black, shining; scutellum piceous; remainder of body pale reddish-brown. 
Head one-half longer than wide, sides feebly curved, upper surface almost 
smooth at middle; sides and under surface minutely and sparsely punc- 
tate; antenna? darker than thorax, stout, slightly longer than head. Thorax 
nearly one-half longer than wide, sides almost straight, dorsal rows with 
six, rows on sides with five or six, minute punctures. Elytra as long as 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



397 



thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures nowhere in regular 
rows. . Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence eeebly widen- 
ing to fifth segment, finely and sparsely punctate, minutely pubescent. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Porter County; rare. May 21. Larger and more robust than 
emmesus and very distinct in color of abdomen and punctuation of 
head. 

768 (2275). Xantholinus gularis Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1880, 173. 

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black or piceous ; an- 
tennas, legs and elytra dull red. Thorax elongate-oblong, feebly narrowed 
from apex to base; dorsal rows with nine to ten punctures and about the 
same number in the rows on sides. Elytra one-third longer than thorax, 
sparsely, finely and irregularly punctured. Abdomen finely and sparsely 
punctured above, more coarsely beneath, the tip reddish-brown. Length 
6.5-7.5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. July 23-July 24. Occurs 
beneath bark, especially that of pine. A member of the boreal 
fauna. 

769 (2276). Xantholinus obscurus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 330. 

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous, shining; legs 
and tip of abdomen dull yellow; antennae and elytra fuscous-brown, the 
former one-half longer than head, the second and third joints equal. Head 
oblong, as wide and about as long as thorax, alutaceous, coarsely and evenly 
punctate on sides and base. Thorax oblong, feebly narrowed from apex to 
base ; dorsal rows of ten to twelve punctures, the sides with about fourteen, 
irregularly placed. Elytra a little wider and longer than thorax, each with 
about four irregular rows of rather coarse punctures. Abdomen finely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Lake, Putnam, Vigo and Franklin counties; frequent in Lake, 
rare in the others. March 26-October 17. Occurs beneath bark 
and rubbish in sandy localities. 

770 (2279). Xantholinls hamatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV, 1834, 

453 ; ibid. II, 568. 

Elongate, slender. Head black, shining: abdomen brownish-piceous ; 
thorax piceous or reddish-brown ; antennae, elytra and legs pale reddish-yel- 
low. Head shorter, more convex and much more sparsely and finely punc- 
tate than in obseunis. Thorax one-third longer than wide, not narrowed 
behind, sides parallel ; dorsal rows of ten to twelve fine punctures, a short 
row of four or five and the sides with eight to ten, irregularly placed, with 
others near the apical angles. Elytra one-third longer and slightly wider 
than thorax, each with four or five rows of fine, sparse punctures. Abdo- 
men finely, sparsely punctured, the hind margins of the segments paler. 
Length 5.5-6 mm. 



398 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIMJ. 



Southern half of State; scarce. April 22- June 2. Taken by 
sifting or by beating low herbs. 

771 (2278). XantholInus pusillus Sachse., Stett. Ent. Zeit, 1852, 124. 
Elongate, very slender, parallel. Head black ; abdomen and under sur- 
face piceous ; thorax, elytra and legs reddish-brown. Head but little longer 
than wide; coarsely and rather closely punctate on the sides above, more 
finely and sparsely beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, slightly 
narrower than head, sides almost straight; dorsal rows with about eight 
rather fine punctures, the ones on sides with five or six. Elytra slightly 
wider and one-fourth longer than thorax, each with two discal rows of 
rather fine punctures and numerous confused ones near the suture. Abdo- 
men finely and sparsely punctate. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 22. 

XXXVIII. Leptolinus Kraatz. 1857. (Gr., "slender.") 

Very slender species having the third joint of maxillary palpi 
swollen and obeonieal, the last joint very small and awl-shaped. 
One of the two species occurs in the State. 

772 (2282). Leptolinus rubripennis Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII. 

1880, 171. 

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen brownish-black, sub- 
opaque: antennae, legs and elytra dull red, the latter dusky about the scu- 
tellum. Head nearly twice as long as wide, finely and densely strigose- 
punctate ; antennae reaching middle of thorax, the outer joints nearly twice 
as wide as long. Thorax as long as and a little narrower than head, finely 
and densely punctate, with a narrow, smooth median line. Elytra slightly 
wider and more sparsely and finely punctured than thorax. Abdomen very 
finely and densely punctate, wider at apex than base, the tip paler. Male 
with last ventral acutely notched and grooved lengthwise. Length 6- 
6.5 mm. 

Lake, Posey and Dubois counties; rare. April 19-May 28. 
Sifted from woody debris. Easily known by the dense sculpture 
of head and thorax. 

XXXIX. Leptacinus Erichs. 1837. (Gr., "slender.") 

Elongate slender species having the last joint of palpi awl- 
shaped; middle coxa^ widely separated; front tarsi not dilated. Of 
the twelve species known from North America, the following have 
been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTACINUS. 

a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi slender, scarcely shorter than third; 
outer side margin of thorax acute in front of middle, not united with 
the lower or inner line. 773. flavipes. 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



399 



aa. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi very small; outer margin of thorax not 
acute in front of middle. 
b. Thorax elongate-oval, the sides rounded into base and apex. 

774. LONGICOLLIS. 

hi). Thorax with distinct angles. 

c. Punctures of thorax confused, and confined to the sides; reddish- 
brown, elytra piceous with sides and tips yellowish. 

775. RUFICOLLTS. 

cc. Punctures of thorax in dorsal rows ; color piceous or black. 
d. Punctures of dorsal rows 8-10 in number ; legs pale. 

NIGRITULUS. 

dd. Punctures of dorsal rows 12-14 in number; legs dark. 

SERIATUS. 

773 (2284). Leptacinus flavipes Lee, N. Sp. N, A. Col.. I. 1863, 41. 
Elongate, slender. Head and abdomen blackish-piceous. shining ; thorax 

and elytra dark reddish-brown ; antennae brown, paler at base ; legs reddish- 
yellow. Head longer than wide, with rather dense elongate punctures on 
sides and base. Thorax oblong-oval, rather sparsely, evenly and finely punc- 
tate on the sides, smooth at middle, the dorsal rows with 12-16 punctures. 
Elytra as wide and long as thorax, sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen 
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Putnam County ; frequent locally. March 20-April 22. Sifted 
from vegetable debris. 

774 (2287). Leptacinus longicollis Lee, N. Sp. X. Amer. Col.. I, 1863. 41. 
Elongate, very slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, sparsely 

clothed with erect hairs; legs and base of antenna? paler. Head one-half 
longer than wide, its surface, as well as that of thorax and elytra, finely 
and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half longer than wide, but feebly nar- 
rowed behind, disk with a smooth space at middle. Elytra slightly wider 
and distinctly shorter than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrower at base 
than elytra, thence gradually broadening, the fifth dorsal distinctly wider 
than first ; surface finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm. 

Clark County; rare. May 6. Occurs beneath stones, often in 
ante' nests.. 

775 (2290). Leptacinus euficollis Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col.. I. 1863. 42. 
Elongate, slender. Head and abdomen piceous; antenme, thorax and 

legs pale reddish-brown. Head longer than wide, alutaceous, coarsely and 
evenly punctate. Thorax one-third longer than wide, with a broad, smooth 
space at middle. Elytra with four or five somewhat irregular rows of fine 
punctures. Abdomen very slightly widening from base to apex, finely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 4-1.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 22. Probably occurs sparingly 
throughout the southern half of State. 

L. nigritulus Lee. 3.5 mm., and L. seriatus Lee. 4.8 mm. in 
length, were both described from Detroit and Canada, and probably 
occur in the northern third of Indiana. 
[26—23402] 



400 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLIXIDJE. 




XL. Diochus Erichs. 1840. (Gr.. ''to wash away.") 

Small, slender species, having the antenna? nearly 
straight and Tin- In ad oval, much smaller than thorax, 
the last joint of palpi very small and awl-shaped. 
(Fig. 160.) One species occurs in the eastern United 
States and Indiana. 

776 (2299). Diochus schaumii Kraatz., Wien. Ent. Monat., 
IV, I860. 27. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous. shining: legs, and sometimes 
nInd m Eriil 0Ch 't tne thorax and tips of elytra dull yellow : antenna? brown. 
Central American Da i e r at base. Head very sparsely and finely punctate. 

species. X 8. _ , 

(After Erichson.) Thorax oblong-oval, sides rounded into base ana apex, disk 
with a row of four or five punctures on sides and with four to six faint 
ones on middle. Elytra one-third wider and about as long as thorax, 
smooth or nearly so. Abdomen minutely and densely punctate, subopaque. 
the tip paler. Length 2.7-3 mm. 

Starke. Kosciusko. Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 
21-Oetober 17. Sifted from vegetable debris in low moist places. 

Subfamily III. STENINAE. 

Short, rather robust, subcylindrical. black or piceous species, 
having the head large, wider than long, with prominent eyes, thus 
resembling those of the tiger beetles: antenna? straight, inserted 
upon the front. 11-jointed. the last three joints larger than those 
preceding: first joint of maxillary palpi nearly as long as second, 
the fourth obsolete: labrum entire, rounded in front; thorax con- 
vex, usually distinctly longer than wide: elytra wider than thorax: 
abdomen with seven segments, usually narrowing from base to apex, 
each dorsal segment with a transverse elevated ridge at base, this 
usually with several cusps or teeth projecting backward: tarsi five- 
jointed, the fourth joint often bilobed beneath. The thorax and 
elytra are deeply sculptured, and this character, taken in connec- 
tion with their large eyes- and black color render them, as a group, 
very easy to separate. 

The Stenids occur for the most part along the muddy or sandy 
borders of lakes, pcrds and streams, where they run swiftly in the 
sunshine but hide beneath bark, moss and rubbish in cloudy or cold 
weather. All are probably carnivorous, catching their prey alive 
like most of the CarabidaB, and not feeding on carrion and excre- 
ment as do most other Staphylinid forms. 

The principal paper treating of the North American species 
is bv 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



401 



Casey, Thos. L. — "Revision of the Sienini of America North of 
Mexico," 1884, pp. 1-206. (Published privately.) 

Two genera comprise the subfamily, both of which are repre- 
sented in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF STENIN^E. 

a, Paraglossa not narrowed at base; cheeks prominent; elytra each with 
a large reddish-yellow spot. XLI. Dianous. 

aa. Paraglossa strongly narrowed at base; cheeks very small, usually in- 
visible from above. XLII. Stenus. 

XLI. Dianous Leach. 1819. (Gr., ' 'to meditate.") 

Rather robust species having the eyes smaller and more widely 
separated than in Stenus; antenna? long and slender; abdomen 
strongly margined at the sides. Two species are known from the 
United States, one of which has been taken in the State, while the 
other, D. ceeruleseens Gyll, ha,s been taken about the Great Lakes 
and probably occurs in northern Indiana. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIANOUS. 

a. Elytra scarcely longer than wide ; punctuation coarse and sparse. 

777. NITIDULUS. 

aa, Elytra distinctly longer than wide ; punctuation fine and dense. 

CCERULESCENS. 

777 (2301). Dianous nitidulus Lee, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, XVI. 
1874, 272. 

Black or dark steel blue; elytra each with a large rounded pale spot 
behind the middle; pubescence very fine and sparse, visible only on head 
and abdomen. Head with two wide, shallow grooves between the eyes, 
separated by a convex ridge; finely and rather closely punctured. An- 
tennae reaching middle of thorax, third joint one-half longer than fourth. 
Thorax subcylindrical, widest at middle, narrower at base than apex, with- 
out median impression ; surface rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Ely- 
tra slightly narrower than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and evenly punc- 
tate, the punctures separated by twice their own width. Abdomen finely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5 mm. 

Floyd County; scarce. October 4-October 9. Taken beneath 
stones on the bank of the Ohio River. 

XLII. Stenus Lat. 1796. (Gr.. "narrow.") 

A very large genus of closely related forms which for conven- 
ience are separated into the following groups : 



402 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLTNIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GEO'UPS OF STENUS. 

a. Abdomen strongly and distinctly margined along the sides. 

ft. Fourth joint of tarsi simple. Group I. 

l)~b. Fourth joint of tarsi bilobed. Group II. 
aa. Abdomen not distinctly margined, faint traces of a marginal line being 
visible only on first segment. 

c. Fourth joint of tarsi simple or but slightly enlarged. Group III. 

cc. Fourth joint of tarsi distinctly bilobed. Group IT . 

Group I. 

This group, on account of its size, Casey also separated into the 
following divisions : 

KEY TO DIVISIONS OF GROUP I. 

a. Elytra each with an orange spot near the middle of the disk. 

Division A. 

aa. Elytra without pale spot. 

1). Punctures in some portion of the elytra more or less joined or coales- 
cent sometimes only in twos or threes, sometimes in long channels. 
c. The channels or rows of punctures in some one spot on the surface 
of each elytron arranged in a spiral or whorl which is complete 
or very nearly closed. Division B. 

cc. The channels or rows of united punctures often sinuous but never 
forming a completed vortex or whorl. 
d. Thorax with a more or less distinct median chanuel or groove. 

Division C. 

dd. Thorax without trace of median groove. Division D. 

1)1). Punctures of elytra all isolated and distinct one from another. 

Division E. 

Division A. 

The species of this division are among the largest in the genus. 
They are easily recognized by the orange colored spot on each ely- 
tron. Two species have been taken in Indiana, while another 
doubtless occurs. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIVISION A. 

a. Femora black: length 4.5-5 mm. 778. bipunctatus. 

aa. Femora not black, ranging in color from dark piceous-brown to dull yel- 
low. 

1). Head wider than elytra, spot on latter bilobed ; length 3.6-4 mm. 

779. colon. 

bb. Head equal in width to elytra, spot rounded: ninth and tenth joints 
of antenna? equal ; length 3.8^.4 mm. semicolon. 

778 (2303). Stenus bipunctati 1 s Erichs., Col. March.. 1837. 530. 

Rather robust. Black, feebly bronzed, shining, very finely and sparsely 
pubescent ; elytra each with a small, pale, rounded spot just behind the 
middle. Head less than twice as wide as long, deeply excavated and finely 
punctured between the eyes ; antennae reaching middle of thorax, the third 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



403 



joint twice the length of fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest one-third 
from base; disk finely, evenly and densely punctate and with a narrow, 
deep median impression just behind the middle. Elytra at base as wide 
as head, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and regularly punctate. Length 
4.4-5 mm. 

Floyd County; rare. October 9. Taken along the Ohio River; 
also by .Dury at Cincinnati. 

779 (2304). Stenus colon Say, Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 458; 
ibid. II, 574. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; under surface piceous; ely- 
tra each with a sublimate or triangular reddish-yellow spot behind the mid- 
dle; legs dull yellow, the femora fuscous on apical third. Head slightly 
more than twice as wide as long, deeply excavated and densely punctured 
between the eyes ; antenna? not reaching middle of thorax, the third joint 
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest at middle, densely and rather 
coarsely punctate and with a short, narrow and deep impression just be- 
hind the middle. Elytra at base much narrower than head, densely and 
coarsely punctate. Length 3.6-4 mm. 

Described from Posey County. Known from Michigan, Vir- 
ginia and other Southern States. Not represented in the collection 
at hand. 

S. semicolon Lee, has the same range as the preceding and 
doubtless occurs sparingly in Indiana, 

Division B. 

In addition to the complete spiral or whorl of united punctures, 
the members of this Division usually have single, more or less iso- 
lated punctures on the other parts of the elytra. Four species be- 
longing here may occur in the State, though but three have been 
taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION B. 

a. Legs black beneath. 

t». Elytra (along the suture) distinctly longer than thorax ; head as wide 
as the elytra at base, deeply excavated between the eyes. 

780. juno. 

b~b. • Elytra rather shorter than thorax, the latter very robust; body de- 
pressed. AUSTINI. 
aa, Legs not black beneath; elytra slightly longer than thorax, the latter 
widest at or just behind the middle. 
c. Median impression of thorax beginning before the middle, narrow, 
deep, conspicuous; elytra deeply, closely and irregularly channeled; 
fifth ventral of male with a rounded notch at apex. 

781. FEMORATUS. 



404 



FAjVULY XI. STAPHYLIXID^. 



cc. Median impression of thorax beginning behind middle, wider, much 
more shallow and inconspicuous; elytral surface much less chan- 
neled, the punctures distinct over a great part of their area; fifth 
segment of male not notched at apex. 782. similiattts. 

780 (2311). Stenus jtjno Fab., Syst. Eleut, II. 1801, 602. 

Elongate, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent; 
antennae, palpi, tibia? and tarsi piceous. Head scarcely twice as wide as 
long, the front coarsely punctate, with a deep groove each side, separated 
by a strongly convex ridge. Thorax subcylindrical. slightly longer than 
wide, widest at middle; coarsely, closely and evenly punctate, the punc- 
tures confluent near base and apex ; the median impressed line very faint, 
two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra coarsely, deeply and densely punc- 
tured and channeled, the spiral on the side just behind middle. Abdomen 
one-third narrower than elytra, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the 
first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, their transverse carina? 
with three cusps projecting backward. Length 4.5 mm. 

Lake. Vigo and Posey counties ; frequent in Lake, scarce in the 
others. March 26-July 1. Taken from beneath rubbish on the 
beach of Lake Michigan and from under logs on wooded hillsides 
in the southern counties. 

S. austini Casey, 3.5-3.8 mm. in length, a member of the boreal 
fauna, ranges from New Hampshire to Lake Superior and probably 
occurs in northern Indiana. 

781 (2319). Stenus femokatts Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV. 1834. 

459 ; ibid. II. 574. 

Short, rather robust. Black, shining, clothed with short and sparse sub- 
erect pubescence, orange-yellow on the abdomen, grayish elsewhere; legs 
dusky yellow, the femora darker at apex. Head more than twice as wide 
as long, surface between the eyes concave, finely and densely punctate and 
with a median ridge : antennae reaching middle of thorax, piceous. the third 
joint less than one-half longer than the fourth. Thorax finely, closely and 
irregularly punctate and with a narrow, deep impression on median third. 
Elytra densely and irregularly punctate, the punctures united into channels 
over most of the surface, the spiral behind the middle. Abdomen narrower 
at base than elytra, thence distinctly tnpering to apex; finely and densely 
punctate, the transverse carina? with three cusps. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. April 4-April 24. Probably occurs 

throughout the State. 

782 ( ). Stenus stmii.tatus sp. nov. 

Short, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent; an- 
tenna? piceous ; legs reddish, the femora darker at tips. Head twice as wide 
as long, surface between the eyes feebly concave, its median portion slightly 
convex, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, widest at middle; coarsely and closely punctate and with a shallow 
impression on basal half. Elytra as long as wide, one-fifth longer than 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



405 



thorax, coarsely and densely punctate and with an almost complete spiral 
behind the middle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, very 
feebly tapering to apex, finely and rather sparsely punctate, the transverse 
carina? with three cusps. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion, Vigo, Lawrence, Clark, Floyd and Posey counties; 
scarce. March 1-November 28. Taken by sifting, beneath mul- 
lein, etc. Resembles femoratus in form, size and color, but the 
sculpture is much more regular, the abdomen less tapering and the 
median impression of thorax wholly different. 

Division C. 

Here a part, or all of the punctures are united or confluent, but 
the channels which they form are never arranged in a complete 
spiral or whorl on any part of the elytra. "The channels or punc- 
tures may be comparatively distant or very closely compacted, and 
the interspaces correspondingly wide or acute, convex or flat, highly 
polished or minutely granulose and feebly shining." The thorax 
is always marked with a distinct impression or canaliculation on 
some part of the middle of the disk. The following species have 
been taken or probably occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION C. 

a. Larger, more than 2 mm. in length ; elytral suture not more than one- 
third longer than thorax ; transverse carinas of abdomen with three 
cusps. 

J). Form extremely slender, nearly cylindrical ; elytra much shorter than 
thorax, head much wider than elytra ; length 3-3.5 mm. 

783. STRANGULATl S. 

hb. Form much more robust ; elytra at most but little shorter than thorax, 
usually longer. 

d. Larger, 3.7-4.8 mm. ; head wide and robust, as broad as or broader 
than elytra; males (except in neglectus) with the side margins 
of the impressed area of fifth ventral segment in the form of 
ridges which terminate behind in acute teeth. 
e. Legs black ; length 3.7-4 mm. inteusus. 
ee. Legs piceous or paler. 

f. Head not twice as wide as long, deeply excavate between the 
eyes; legs pale pieeous-brown : length 4-4. S mm. 

784. ERYTHROPUS. 

//. Head twice as wide as long, feebly excavate between the eyes ; 
legs piceous ; length 3.8-4 mm. neglectus. 
dd. Smaller, not over 3.5 mm. ; males with margins of impressed area 
of fifth ventral without ridges or teeth. 
g. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax, the hitter wider before 
the middle: form slender: length '2.3 mm. subtilis. 



-±06 



FAMILY XI, STAPH YLINTB/R. 



gg. Elytral suture longer than thorax. 
h. Species 3 mm. or more in length. 

i. Longitudinal elevation between the eyes indistinct or nearly 

obsolete ; length 3 mm. 
./'. Thorax with median impression very feeble, extending 
nearly the entire length. vicinus. 
./'./'. Thorax with median impression reduced to a simple ero- 
sion just behind the middle. ingratus. 

ii. Longitudinal elevation distinct ; head wider than elytra at 

base ; length 3.3 mm. 785. scabiosus. 

hJi. Species less than 3 mm. in length. 

k. Thorax widest distinctly before the middle. 

/. Legs black; length 2.6-3 mm. inornatus. 
//. Legs fuscous ; length 2.5-2.7 mm. placidus. 
kk. Thorax widest at or behind the middle ; length 2.4—2.6 mm. 

ERIENSIS. 

da. Minute species, length less than 2 mm. 

m. Transverse carina? of abdomen without cusps ; length 1.7-1.9 mm. 

NANUS. 

mm. Transverse carina? with three cusps; form much more slender ; length 
1.7 mm. pumilio. 

783 (2321). Stenus strangulatus Casey. Rev. Stem. 1884. 39. 

Elongate, very slender. Black, shining, very sparsely and finely pubes- 
cent; antenme piceous. palpi paler; legs uniform dull reddish-brown. Head 
nearly twice as wide as long; surface between the eyes deeply excavate, 
finely and rather sparsely punctate, with two grooves and a median con- 
vex ridge. Thorax widest before the middle, slightly longer than wide, 
coarsely and irregularly punctate, the median impression rather wide and 
shallow, extending two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra at base two-thirds 
the width of head ; coarsely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen long, feebly 
tapering, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake County; ra,re. May 2. Known heretofore from New- 
York and Detroit. 

784 (2328). Stenus erythropus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 

1844. 40. 

Rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with short, fine gray- 
ish pubescence; antenme piceous, palpi and legs piceous-brown. Head be- 
tween the eyes distinctly excavate, coarsely, closely and evenly punctate, 
the median ridge low and subobsolete. Antenme longer than width of head, 
the third joint one-third longer than fourth. Thorax very robust, widest at 
middle, coarsely, closely and unevenly punctate and with a rather narrow 
shallow impression extending from middle two- thirds to base. Elytra 
slightly longer than thorax, coarsely, deeply and unevenly punctate. Ab- 
domen at base narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, coarse- 
ly and rather closely punctate at base, more finely toward apex. Length 
4-5 mm. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



407 



Vigo, Orange and Posey counties; scarce. April 13-May 24. 
In one specimen there is a faint small pale spot on the middle of 
each elytron. 

785 (2342). Stenus scabiosus Casey, Rev. Stem, 1884, 60. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with very fine gray 
pubescence, yellowish on the abdomen ; legs fuscous above, reddish-brown 
beneath. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes excavate, 
finely and closely punctate. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, third joint 
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest just behind the middle, finely 
and densely punctate and with a fusiform impression on median third. 
Elytra slightly longer than thorax, finely, closely and irregularly punctate. 
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, feebly tapering to apex, 
finely, evenly and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; rare. June 24. Two specimens taken while 
sweeping low herbs in swampy places. 

The other species of Division C, briefly characterized in the 
above key, were with the exception of nanus Steph. and pumilio 
Erichs., all described by Casey in his Revision, and it is probable 
that a number of them will prove to be synonymous. His types of 
these species were from points mostly in Michigan, which would 
render their occurrence in Indiana, especially the northern por- 
tion, very probable, though as yet specimens have not been taken. 

Division D. 

In this group the elytra are sculptured as in Division C, but the 
thorax is without an impression along the median line. The beetle, 
says Casey, "should be held in such a manner that the light will 
pass obliquely across the highest point of the thorax and perpen- 
dicular to its longer axis. If there is no sign of even a narrow 
longitudinal shade, the species belongs to this division. If there 
be even a faint shadow extending along the middle of the disk, the 
insect may be considered as belonging to Division C." 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION D. 

a. Transverse carina? of abdomen with cusps. 
&. Transverse carina? with four cusps. 

c. Elytral suture longer than thorax; longitudinal elevation between 

the eyes almost obsolete ; length 3-3.4 mm. 786. colonus. 

cc. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax ; longitudinal elevation be- 
tween the eyes evident, broad; thorax more coarsely and roughly 
punctate; length 3.5 mm. 787. suspectus. 

bb. Transverse carina 1 with three cusps. 

d. Elytral suture slightly shorter than thorax ; head wider than ely- 

tra ; antennal joints three, four and five uniformly decreasing in 
length ; femora pale beneath ; length 2.5-2.9 mm, 788, ijumilis, 



408 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINIIXZE . 



dd. Elytra! suture much longer than thorax ; head not wider than ely- 
tra ; legs piceous ; length 2.6 mm. animatus. 
(7(7. Transverse carinas without cusps; thorax with a narrow elevated longi- 
tudinal carina on its basal half ; length 2.3-2.8 mm. carinicollis. 

786 (2376). Stenus colonus Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 699. 
Rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray pubes- 
cence; legs black; antennas and tarsi brownish. Head less than twice as 
wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, finely and densely punctate. 
Antennae short, not longer than width of head; third joint less than one- 
half longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest slightly behind the 
middle, finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-sixth longer than thorax, 
about as wide at base as head, coarsely, densely and irregularly punctate. 
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence distinctly tapering 
to apex, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3-3.4 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. May 23. 

787 ( — — ). Stenus suspectus sp. nov. 

Rather robust. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray 
hairs ; femora black ; antennas, tibiae and tarsi piceous. Head one-half 
wider than long, coarsely and closely punctate. Antennas reaching middle 
of thorax, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax narrower than head, 
widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, coarsely, densely and roughly 
punctate. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than thorax, punctate as there, 
the punctures on sides in evident, irregular channels. Abdomen at base 
slightly narrower than elytra, feebly tapering-to apex, rather finely and 
closely punctate, the transverse carinas with four fine cusps. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties; rare. May 28-October 1. Taken be- 
neath bark of elm. 

788 (2377). Stenus humtlts Erichs.. Col. March., 1837. 554. 

Short, rather robust. Black, strongly shining ; legs reddish-piceous. the 
under side of femora and basal joint of palpi much paler. Head twice as 
wide as long, surface between the eyes feebly excavate, coarsely, closely 
and evenly punctate, the longitudinal elevation rather strongly convex. 
Antennas dark piceous-brown. slightly longer than width of head. Thorax 
robust, widest just behind the middle, rather finely, densely and roughly 
punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax at middle, rather 
coarsely, densely and very roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra 
at base, sides nearly parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely punctate, 
more finely toward apex. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Kosciusko County; scarce. June 24. Casey's mammops is said 
to be a synonym. 

S. animatus Casey and carinicollis Casey were both described 
from Michigan and probably inhabit northern Indiana, 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGEE BEETLES. 



409 



Division E. 

In this division the punctures of elytra are all separate and 
distinct one from another. The species are rather small and, except 
the first two, highly polished. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIVISION E. 

a. Pubescence very coarse and distinct, brownish-yellow on the abdomen ; 
punctures crowded, the interspaces not polished. 

b. Longitudinal grooves between the eyes distinct; form slender. 

789. STYGICUS. 

hh. Longitudinal grooves absent, the surface between the eyes flat; form 
more robust. 790. egenus. 

a a. Pubescence very fine and indistinct, very seldom yellow ; punctures 
rather sparse, their interspaces polished. 

c. Transverse carinas of abdomen with four cusps. 

d. Thorax with an impression along some part of the median line. 
e. Thorax elongate, slender; punctures separated by at least their 
own diameters; length 3-4 mm. vinnulis. 
ee. Thorax shorter, robust; punctures very close, never separated 
by more than one-third their own width; third joint of an- 
tennae much longer than fourth ; length 3.2-3.4 mm. 

CANALICULATUS. 

dd. Thorax without an impression along the median line. 

/. First joint of hind tarsi twice as long as second; length 3 mm. 

791. ARGUS. 

ff. First joint scarcely one-half longer than second; antennal joints 
four and five equal in length, abruptly shorter than third: 
length 2.3 mm. minor. 
cc. Transverse carinae of abdomen without cusps ; thorax not impressed. 
g. Very small, not over 2.2 mm. 

h. Elytra much longer than wide, sparsely punctured, highly pol- 
ished. 792. juvencus. 
Till. Elytra nearly quadrate, very densely punctured. pauperculus. 
gg. Larger, not less than 2.8 mm. ; antennal joints three to six decreas- 
ing in length. 793. morio. 

789 (2383). Stenus stygicus Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, IV. 1834. 458: 
ibid. II, 574. 

Rather slender. Black, feebly shining ; rather thickly clothed with long, 
coarse, prostrate grayish-yellow hairs; legs and antenme piceous, tarsi 
slightly paler. Head rather small, not twice as wide as long; surface be- 
tween the eyes nearly flat, densely and coarsely punctate. Antennae slightly 
longer than width of head, the third joint a little longer than fourth. 
Thorax subcylindrical. widest in front of middle, one-fourth longer than 
wide ; coarsely, closely and evenly punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider 
than head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax, punctured like the latter. 
Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, very feebly tapering to apex, finely 
and sparsely punctate, the transverse carinae with four cusps. Length 3- 
3.7 mm. 



410 



FAMILY XT. S T A J.M I Y LINTDiE . 



Laporte. Floyd and Clark counties; scarce. May 6-October 9. 
The coarse, prostrate hairs often cause the elytra to appear sculp- 
tured as in Division C. 

790 ( 2384). Stentjs egentjs Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 698. 
Rather robust: Black, shining, thickly clothed with short, prostrate 

yellowish hairs, which give the abdomen a brassy tinge ; legs piceous. Head 
twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, densely and deeply 
punctate. Antenna? as long as width of head, third joint one-third longer 
than fourth. Thorax short, robust, widest just before the middle, finely, 
evenly and very densely punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider than 
head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax; deeply, rather coarsely and 
densely punctate. Abdomen as wide at base as elytra, thence gradually 
tapering to apex, finely punctate, the carina? with four cusps. Length 2.8- 
3 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. February 23-Xovember 8. 
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. Easily distin- 
guished by the short, robust form, dense, even punctuation, flat 
vertex and yellow pubescence of abdomen. 

S. vinnulus Casey, and S. canaliculatus Gyll, are known from 
Massachusetts and Michigan; 8. minor and S. pauperculus were 
both described by Casey from Michigan. 

791 (2396). Stenus aegtjs Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806. 231. 

Short, rather robust. Black, shining ; sparsely clothed with short gray 
pubescence ; legs piceous. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the 
eyes flat, evenly and densely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal 
carina. Antenna? slightly longer than width of head, third joint one-third 
longer than fourth. Thorax widest a little before the middle, very slightly 
longer than wide, closely, rather coarsely and somewhat unevenly punctate. 
Elytra at base slightly wider than head, sutural line one-fourth longer than 
thorax ; coarsely, deeply and evenly punctate, the interspaces equal in width 
to punctures. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 2.5- 
2.8 mm. 

Lake and Starke counties: scarce. May 19-June 17. Casey's 
ageus and rigidus are said to be synonymous. 

792 (2401). Stents juvencus Casey. Rev. Stem, 1884, 123. 

Rather slender. Black, strongly shining, clothed with long, gray, pros- 
trate hairs; legs piceous, paler beneath. Head twice as wide as long, ver- 
tex flat, finely and rather sparsely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal 
elevation. Antennas piceous-brown. third joint nearly one-half longer than 
fourth. Thorax widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, rather coarsely 
and deeply punctate. Elytra at base slightly narrower than head, sutural 
line one-fourth longer than thorax ; finely, rather sparsely and evenly punc- 
tate. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra ; feebly tapering to apex, coarsely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



411 



Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting. The small 
size, highly polished surface and long prostrate hairs of abdomen 
readily distinguish this form from its allies. Described from 
Detroit. 

793 ( ). Stenus morio Grav., Mori. Col. Micr., 1800, 230. 

Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining, very sparsely clothed with 
fine gray pubescence. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes 
feebly concave, coarsely and closely punctate. Antennae pieeous, reaching 
nearly to middle of thorax, third joint slightly longer than fourth. Thorax 
widest just in front of middle, thence distinctly converging and feebly 
sinuate to base ; disk rather coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate. Elytra 
at base slightly narrower than head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax; 
disk coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate, the punctures separated by more 
than their own diameters. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the first 
four segments as wide as elytra with distinct border, then distinctly taper- 
ing to apex, the border very narrow. Length 2.8-3 mm. 

Marion County ; scarce. May 22-June 12. Taken by sweeping. 
Ranges from Michigan to California. 

Group II. 

In this group the abdomen is margined and the fourth joint of 
tarsi bilobed. Of the four species recognized by Casey, but one 
has a known distribution which would bring it within the limits of 
Indiana. This is 8. croceatus Casey, 3.7-4.5 mm. in length, and 
having the legs pale brownish-yellow, darker at the knees. Its 
range is given as New England to Nebraska, but no specimen has 
as yet been taken in Indiana. 

Group III. 

This group comprises species having the abdomen cylindrical, 
without a margin along the sides and with the fourth joint of hind 
tarsi simple. Three species may occur in the State, though but one 
has as yet been taken. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP III. 

a. Elytra 1 punctures isolated and distinct. 

h. Robust, very convex, nearly cylindrical ; densely pubescent, very 
coarsely punctate ; length 2.5-2.7 mm. gratiosus. 
bh. Much more slender, depressed; very sparsely pubescent, finely punc- 
tate ; elytral suture one-third longer than thorax ; length 2 mm. 

curtus. 

aa, Elytral punctures more or less confluent, the surface very rough ; first 
joint of hind tarsi more than twice the length of second; length 
3.5 mm. 794. alacer. 



412 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLIXIDJE. 



TD4 (2415). Stenus alacer Casey. Rev. Sten., 1SS4. 135. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent: 
legs dull yellow, very long and slender, the femora pieeous at tips; palpi 
pale yellow. Head two-thirds wider than long, surface between the eyes 
deeply excavate, sparsely and unevenly punctured and with a distinct me- 
dian carina. Antenna? brownish, one-half longer than width of head, the 
third joint one-third longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical. widest 
slightly behind the middle, one-sixth longer than wide, coarsely, densely 
and roughly punctate: Elytra at base as wide as head, suture slightly 
longer than thorax : very roughly, densely and coarsely punctate. Abdomen 
much narrower than elytra, tapering from base to apex ; coarsely and 
closely punctate near base, finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 3.2- 
3.7 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 22. Taken from beneath mullein 
leaves on a sandy hillside. A member of the Austroriparian fauna, 
known from Florida. Texas and southern Illinois. 

Group IV. 

The members of this group differ from those of the preceding 
only in having the fourth joint or tarsi distinctly bilobed beneath. 
The abdomen is subcylindrical, usually tapering from the base and 
without distinct side margins. The following species have been 
taken or may occur in the State : 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IV. 

<(. Fourth and fifth abdominal segments wider than the first; length 4- 
4.4 mm. AD VENA. 

act. Abdominal segments decreasing regularly in width from the base. The 
fourth not wider than first. 
b. Large species, 3.6 mm. or more in length. 
c. Femora and tibiae not black throughout. 

d. Legs and antennas almost wholly pale dull yellow, the tips of hind 

femora alone darker; head slightly broader than elytra. 

795. elavicorx i s . 

dd. Legs black, the femora reddish-yellow at. base. 796. annularis. 
cc. Femora and tibia? wholly black, the tarsi pale. 

e. Thorax equally wide at base and apex. tarsalis. 
ee. Thorax distinctly wider at apex than base. 797. canadensis. 

bd. Smaller species, not exceeding 3.4 mm. in length. 

/. Legs pale yellow, the femora darker at tip ; length 3-3.2 mm. 

79S. CALLOSUS. 

ff. Legs dark fuscous brown in color throughout. 
g. Thorax distinctly longer than wide. 

h. Elytra very slightly longer than thorax, their punctures very 
coarse; length 2.8-3.4 mm. 799. arculus. 

hh. Elytra one-third longer than thorax, their punctures fine and 
close; length 3-3.3 mm. 800. punctatus. 

gg. Thorax as wide as long; length 2.8-3 mm. hubbardi. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



413 



795 (2443). Stenus flavicornis Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 733. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining, sparse- 
ly clothed with fine gray hairs. Head nearly twice 
as wide as long, surface between the eyes feebly 
concave, finely, closely and deeply punctate, with 
a groove each side of a slightly convex ridge. An- 
tennae long and slender, third joint two-thirds longer 
than fourth. Thorax widest in front of middle, 
slightly longer than wide, closely, rather coarsely 
and deeply punctate. Elytra distinctly longer than 
the width at base, punctures round, rather small 
and deep, separated by more than twice their width. 
Abdomen narrower than elytra, the first four seg- 
ments equal in width, finely, closely and evenly 
punctate. Length 4.6-4.8 mm. (Fig. 161.) 




Fig. 161. (Original.) 



Throughout the State ; common. March 13-November 28. First 
described by Say under the name S. gemculatus, which name was 
preoccupied. 

*796 (2444). Stenus annularis Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph.. 1840, 735. 

Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black, strongly shining, sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence. Head small, much less than twice as wide as 
long, surface between the eyes nearly flat, coarsely and irregularly punc- 
tate, convex at middle. Antennae longer than the width of head, piceous- 
brown, the club darker, third joint two-thirds longer than fourth. Thorax 
about as wide as long, widest just in front of middle, coarsely and irregu- 
larly punctate, with several small smooth spaces at middle. Elytra at base 
slightly wider than head, a little longer than thorax, punctured as in 
flavicornis. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly 
tapering to apex, finely, closely and evenly punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko. Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. January 
7-June 25. Hibernates beneath logs and rubbish. 

797 (2451). Stenus canadensis Casey, Rev. Stem. 1884, 175. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent.' 
Head twice as wide as long ; surface between the eyes feebly convex, finely, 
evenly and densely punctate. Antennae as long as width of head, reddish- 
brown, the club darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax 
widest distinctly behind the middle, slightly longer than wide; rather 
coarsely, densely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Elytra at base equal 
in width to head, one-third longer than thorax; punctures round, deep, 
evenly distributed, separated by about their own width. Abdomen as wide 
at base as elytra, thence gradually and feebly tapering, rather coarsely, 
densely and evenly punctate. Length 4.7-5 mm. 

Starke and Kosciusko counties; scarce. May 19-June 25. 
Taken by beating low herbs on borders of marshes. Known from 
Ontario and northern Illinois. 



414 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINIDiE. 



798 (2460). Stenus callosus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 737. 
Rather slender, subcylindrical. Black, shining; sparsely pubescent; 

palpi and legs dull yellow, the femora dusky at tips. Head slightly wider 
than thorax, surface between the eyes flat, rather coarsely, closely and 
irregularly punctate, the middle portion slightly convex and almost smooth. 
Antennae one-half longer than width of head, reddish-yellow, the club 
darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, 
slightly longer than wide, densely and rather finely punctate, with a small, 
fusiform smooth space at middle. Elytra at base a little wider than head, 
the suture one-fifth longer than thorax, finely, evenly and densely punctate. 
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra at base, gradually tapering to 
apex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.2 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; rare. June 24. The thorax is nearly of the 
same width throughout. Probably occurs throughout the State. 

799 (2462). Stenus aeculus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744. 
Subcylindrical, rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with 

grayish hairs. Head a little wider than thorax, surface between the eyes 
almost flat, rather coarsely, densely and evenly punctate. Antennae scarcely 
longer than width of head, dull brownish-yellow, the club darker, third 
joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest just behind the middle, 
rather coarsely, densely and unevenly punctate, the interspaces finely ru- 
gose. Elytra at base as wide as head, suture very little longer than thorax, 
surface densely, coarsely and deeply punctate. Abdomen distinctly nar- 
rower than elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Length 2.8-3.4 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties; scarce. May 24-May 30. 

800 (2463). Stenus punctatus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744. 
Subcylindrical, rather robust. Black, shining, rather thickly clothed 

with grayish hairs. Head slightly wider than thorax, surface between the 
eyes feebly convex, without grooves, finely and densely punctate. Antennas 
as long as width of head, joints two to six reddish-brown, the others darker, 
the third one-third longer than fourth. Thorax about as wide as long, 
widest at middle, finely and densely punctate. Elytra at base as wide as 
head, suture one-third longer than thorax, surface convex, deeply, densely 
and rather coarsely punctate. Abdomen much narrower at base than ely- 
tra, very gradually tapering to apex, deeply, coarsely and evenly punctate. 
Length 3-3.3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 12-Oetober 17. 

Subfamily IV. PAEDERINAE. 

Medium sized or small Staphylinids having the antennas widely 
separated at base and inserted at the sides of the front, above the 
base of the mandibles, under a more or less prominent ridge ; 
maxillary palpi with the last joint usually very small and awl- 
shaped ; head narrowed suddenly behind into a distinct neck ; front 
coxae conical and prominent ; hind coxae also conical and contiguous. 



THE SHORT- WINGED STAY KXGEIi BEETLES. 



415 



The following papers treat of the North American species of the 
subf amily : 

LeConte. — "Synoptic Tables of Lathrobiiim, Stilicus and 
Sunius," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 174-180. 

LeConte. — "Synoptic Tables of Cryptobium,, Pcederus and Pala- 
minus/' in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 390-397. 

Horn. — "A Study of the Species of Cryptobium of North Amer- 
ica." in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, XII, 1884, 85-106. 

Casey. — "A Revision of the American Pa?derini," in Trans. 
Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 1905, 17-248. 

As above defined, the subfamily is represented in Indiana by 
two tribes : 

KEY TO INDIANA TEIBES OF PiEDERINiE. 

a. Last joint of maxillary palpi very small, awl-shaped. 

Tribe I. P^ederini, p. 415. 
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi as large as the third, obliquely hatchet- 
shaped. Tribe II. Pinophilini, p. 440. 

Tribe I. PiEDERIXI. 

This tribe as above limited is composed of a large number of 
genera, the following o^ which are known to occur in Indiana: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE P2EDERINI. 

a. Fourth joint of hind tarsi not lobed beneath. 

1). Antennae elbowed at the end of the long basal joint; front tarsi not 
dilated. 

c. Mandibles each with three teetb on the inner side ; males with last 
ventral not notched, the second and third ventrals each with a 
fold or pit at middle. XLIII. Cryptobium. 

cc. Mandibles each with two teeth ; males with the last ventral 
notched, the second and third without folds or pits. 

XLIV. Hesperobicm. 

1)1). Antennae straight or nearly so, the basal joints not greatly elongated. 
(l. Prostemum shortened between and under the front coxae, ending 
in an acute point which does not reach the mesostemum. 
e. Labrum bi lobed; sculpture never very dense, the surface more 
or less shining ; front tarsi strongly dilated in both sexes ; 
ligula bilobed at tip. XLV. Lathrobium. 

ee. Labrum with a distinct median tooth ; sculpture very dense, the 
surface subopaque ; front tarsi variable; ligula with a dense 
fringe of hairs at tip. 
f. Front tarsi moderately dilated, densely padded beneath ; first 
joint of bind tarsi one-half longer than second: length 
6.5 mm. XLVI. Aderocharis. 

ff. Front tarsi not dilated; first joint of hind tarsi only slightly 
longer than second; length 3.7 mm. Lithocharis. 
[27—23402] 



416 



FAMILY XI. — STAPH YLTNI DiE. 



dd. Prosternuin prolonged behind so as to reach the mesosternmn. 
g. Sides of prosternuin not dilated under the coxa?. 

h. Neck never very slender; ligula loosely fringed at tip. 

i. Labrum with teeth. 

j. Teeth of labrum two in number. 
Jc. Antenna? with the two basal joints thick, the others 
slender, filiform; basal joints of hind tarsi distinctly 
longer than second; length less than 3.5 mm. 

I. Gular sutures moderately separated, gradually con- 

verging and most narrowly separated at base ; front 
tarsi more or less dilated; surface distinctly punc- 
tured. XLVII. SCIOCHARIS. 

II. Gular sutures very widely separated and nearest to- 

gether in front, thence widely diverging to base of 
headT front tarsi not at all dilated; surface not dis- 
tinctly punctured. XLVIII. Sciociiarella. 
Mc. Antenna? with the basal joints of equal thickness with 
the others, the apical ones feebly enlarged; teeth of 
labrum very small ; prosternuni not carinate. 
m. Basal joints of hind tarsi equal in length to second, 
the first four joints short and subequal ; gular su- 
tures most narrowly separated a little before the 
middle. % XLIX. Teach ysectus. 
mm. Basal joints of hind tarsi distinctly longer than sec- 
ond, the tarsi more elongate; front tarsi strongly 
dilated, especially in the male; gular sutures most 
narrowly separated at base ; neck wide, almost half 
as wide as head. L. Paeamedon. 
ij. Labrum with four teeth, the inner ones long, acute, and 
prominent, the outer ones very small; gular sutures 
widely separated at base. Platymecox. 

ii. Labrum without teeth : body very slender, finely and very 

densely punctate; gular sutures as in Platymedon; first 
joint of hind tarsi longer than second. 

LI. PSEUDOMEDOX. 

hh. Neck, in our species very slender; ligula tricuspid at tip; 
labrum with four teeth. LII. ScoP-EUS. 

gg. Sides of presternum broadly dilated under the coxa?, reaching 
the inflexed sides of thorax; neck very slender. 
n. Antenna? distinctly longer than head ; length 3.5 or more mm. ; 
hind tarsi with joints 1 to 4 gradually decreasing in length, 
o. Form rather slender; labrum broadly rounded or subtrun- 
cate at apex, the teeth usually acute; front tarsi finely 
and densely pubescent beneath. LIII. Stiltcus. 

on. Form very stout; labrum sinuate-emarginate at apex, the 
two teeth short, obtuse; front tarsi not at all dilated, hav- 
ing long coarse hairs beneath ; head orbicular, the surface 
minutely punctate or alutaceous. LIV. Megastilicus. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



417 



nrir. Antennae shorter than head; length less than 2 mm.; basal 
joint of hind tarsi equal in length to the next two together ; 
third joint of maxillary palpi more or less hatchet-shaped, 
the fourth very minute; fifth ventral not elongated, wider 
than long. LY. Leptogenius. 

da. Fourth joint of hind tarsi bilobed. 

p. Last joint of maxillary palpi obtuse and pubescent; reddish-yellow, 
elytra dark blue, head and tip of abdomen black. L-VL Pjsdebus. 
pp. Last joint of maxillary palpi slender, very minute. 

q. Thorax oval, usually longer than wide; elytra usually longer than 
thorax : form linear ; neck moderately narrow ; length not over 
5 mm. LYII. Sunius. 

qq. Thorax almost circular, distinctly longer than elytra; neck very 
slender ; color uniform pale yellow ; length less than 3 mm. 

LVIII. Stilicopsis. 



XLIII. Cryptobitjm Mann. 1830. (Gr., "hidden + life. ") 

Rather large, elongate, parallel species having the gular sutures 
separated ; elytra with a fold or raised line near the side margin, ex- 
tending from the humeri to the outer spical angle ; neck distinctly 
and abruptly constricted above: basal joint of antennas greatly 
elongated; front tarsi not dilated. The males always have a fold 
at the middle of the second, and a pit or fovea on the third ventral 
segment, and the last ventral is unmodified. In some of the species 
the males are of two forms ; one , 2 3 

having, in addition to the fold x^Jj^ WTPl KX?^ 

and fovea, the third segment 
prolonged backward in a lobe 
which varies much in length. 
(Fig. 162.) Casey has created a 
new name. 1 ' Gastrolobiiim, ' ' for 
the species possessing the char- Fig. 162. 
aeters above mentioned, but I 
have retained the older and better known name. The following 
species have been taken or probably occur in the State : 





C. badium : 1, complete male; 2, imperfect 
male; 3, female. (After Horn.) 



KEY/ TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOBITJM. 

a. Second ventral of female with a pit or short transverse fovea near its 
middle. (Fig. 102. No. 3.) 

b. Abdomen uniform dark brown or piceous : third joint of antennas dis- 

tinctly longer than second ; length 10-12 mm. SOI. badium. 

bt). Abdomen bicolored, piceous, with the last two segments pale reddish- 
brown ; length 8-10 mm. 802. bicolob. 
a a. Second ventral of female simple, without pit or fovea. 

c. Abdomen bicolored. the last two segments paler. 

d. Head and meso- and metasterna pale reddish-brown. texanum. 



418 



FAMILY XT. STAPHT'LINIDJE. 



dd. Head arid ineso- and meta sterna piceous. 803. caeolinum. 

go. Abdomen uniform pale reddish-brown ; head darker than thorax and 
elytra ; length 8.5-11 mm. pimerianum. 

*S01 (2484). Geyptobium badium Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 53. 

Uniform reddish-brown, shining, the head slightly darker. Head ob- 
long-oval, sides nearly parallel, coarsely and rather closely punctate, the 
front smooth. Thorax much narrower than head, one-fourth longer than 
wide, sides feebly curved; disk sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate, 
with a median smooth space. Elytra one-third longer and nearly one-half 
wider than thorax, coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctate. Ab- 
domen rather finely, not densely punctate. Length 10-12.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, common ; much less so in the northern 
counties. February 10-November 17. Occurs beneath bark and 
hibernates in small colonies beneath partly buried logs. About one- 
third of the males have the third ventral prolonged backwards in a 
lobe, with parallel sides and rounded tip. This bears a fringe of 
long, stiff hairs and sometimes reaches nearly to the end of abdo- 
men. (Fig. 162, No. 1.) This lobe is also present in some of the 
males of the next two species, but its function is as yet unknown. 

*802 (2490). Ceyptobium bicoloe Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 179. 

Head black ; labrum, antenna-, thorax, elytra and last two segments of 
abdomen pale reddish-brown ; legs pale yellow. Head oblong-oval, coarsely, 
not densely punctate. Thorax narrower than head, one-fourth longer than 
wide, sides parallel; disk smooth at middle, coarsely and rather closely 
punctate on sides. Elytra one-third wider and longer than thorax, rather 
coarsely, closely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than 
elytra, sparsely and finely punctate. Males of two forms, one with, the 
other without, a prolongation of third ventral. Length 7.5-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 5-October 28. Oc- 
curs beneath cover and on fungi, especially in wooded pasture land. 
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves, logs, etc. 

C. texanum Lee, 8-11 mm. in length, has been recorded from 
near Cincinnati, though its range is usually given as Texas to New 
Mexico. 

803 (2491). Ceyptobium caeoltnum Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 563. 

Piceous, moderately shining; thorax, elytra and last two abdominal 
segments rather dark reddish-brown; antennae brownish, two basal joints 
and legs dull yellow. Head broadly oval, as wide as or wider than (male) 
elytra, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax as in Mcolor. Ely- 
tra one-fourth wider and one-third longer than thorax, very coarsely, closely 
and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, coarsely and rather 
sparsely punctate. Males as in badium. Length 8.5-10.5 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion. Knox and Posey counties; scarce. March 
21-June 22. Occurs on fungi and carrion. The females are easily 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



41 f) 



separated from those of hi color by the lack of fovea on second ven- 
tral. The males have the thorax and elytra darker reddish-brown, 
and the latter much more coarsely punctate. 

C. pimerianum Lee, 8.5-10.5 mm. in length, is recorded by Casey 
from Indiana. I have not seen a specimen from the State. Its 
usual range is Texas to California. 

XLIV. IIesperobtitm Casey. 1905. ( Gr., ' £ western + life. ' ' ) 

This genus was created by Casey to include those species hitherto 
ascribed to Cryplobium which have the first and second ventrals of 
male without a trace of pit or fovea and the last ventral distinctly 
notched at apex. I include with them serpentinum LeConte, as the 
characters separating it are not sufficient to erect a new genus. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HESPEROBIUM. 

a. Elytra black or piceous ; hind angles of head distinct. 

&. Head distinctly broader than thorax, its sides curved behind the 
eyes; form robust. 804. pallipes. 

J)l). Head scarcely wider than thorax, its sides straight for some distance 
behind the- eyes ; form more slender. 805. cinctum. 

aa. Elytra wholly or in great part reddish-yellow; head obliquely nar- 
rowed from the eyes to the neck, its hind angles wholly wanting, 
c. Head, wholly smooth or with very few punctures. 
d. Piceous ; elytra pale reddish-brown, coarsely and deeply punctate. 

806. CRIBATUM. 

(Id. Reddish-yellow; front of head, thorax, two basal and two apical 
segments of abdomen black. serpentinum. 
cc. Head distinctly punctured on basal half ; color black ; elytra reddish- 
yellow with a sutural black stripe, broader at apex and reaching 
to apical third. 807. sellatum. 

*804 (2502). Hesperobium pallipes Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1S0G, 179. 

Piceous or nearly black, shining; antenme dusky; legs dull yellow. 
Head oval, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and rather sparsely punc- 
tured. Thorax slightly narrower than head, one-fifth longer than wide, 
sides feebly curved ; disk with a well defined smooth median area, its sides 
coarsely, regularly and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider 
and a little longer than thorax, rather finely, closely and roughly punctate. 
Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and very densely punctate; last ventral 
of male with a triangular notch, much deeper than wide. Length 8-11 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. February 8-October 17. Oc- 
curs especially beneath cover on sandy banks of streams, ponds, etc. 

805 (2502a). Hesperobium cinctum Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834. 
454 ; ibid. II, 569. 

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, feebly shining; antenna? dusky, 
paler at tip; palpi and legs reddish-yellow. Head oblong-oval, much nar- 



420 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLIXID^E. 



rower than elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, sides feebly curved; disk sparsely and rather finely punc- 
tate. Elytra one-third longer and one-half wider than thorax, coarsely and 
closely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, rather finely and densely 
punctate. The hind margins of the segments paler. Last ventral of male 
with a triangular notch, about as wide as deep. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

Porter. Marion and Putnam counties : scarce. March 6-Decem- 
ber 25. Listed as pallipes var.. latebricola. hut in my opinion dis- 
tinct. Say's name lias priority. 

S06 (2507). Hespekobium ceibatum Lee. X. Sp. X. Am. Col., I. 1S63. 46. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; antennae., mouth parts and 
elytra reddish-yellow : suture darker on basal third ; legs dull yellow. Head 
elongate-oval, slightly wider than thorax, with a few coarse punctures be- 
hind the eyes. Thorax subcylindrical. one-fourth longer than wide, sides 
nearly straight ; disk smooth at middle with a row of seven to nine coarse 
punctures each side the smooth area and a few others between these and 
margin. Elytra one-third wider and slightly longer than thorax, with about 
nine irregular rows of coarse, sparse punctures. Abdomen rather finely 
and closely punctate. Male with the last ventral with a deep, triangular 
notch. Length 8.5-10 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties: rare. May 5— June 11. Easily known 
by the long, sparsely punctured head and red elytra. 



SOT ( 250S 



Hespekobium sellatlai Lee. X. Sp. X. Am. Col.. I. 1S63. 46. 

Lather stout, subfusiform. Black, shining; color 
of elytra given in key : antennae and mouth parts 
reddish-brown ; legs dull yellow. Head elongate- 
oval, coarsely and rather closely punctate behind 
the eyes, the front almost smooth. Thorax sub- 
cylindrical, slightly narrower than head, one-third 
I: nger than wide, coarsely and rather sparsely punc- 
tured each side of a median smooth space. Elytra 
one-third longer and distinctly wider than thorax, 
surface, as well as that of abdomen, finely and 
rather densely punctate. Length S-9 mm. (Fig. 163.) 

Lake County; frequent beneath cover, es- 
pecially the clumps of prickly-pear cactus, in 
the sand dune region; Posey County; rare. 
March 26-Septernber 25. A handsome spe- 
cies, readily known by the wedge-shaped black 
sutural stripe of elytra. 
C. serpeniinum Lee. 9.5-10 mm. in length, is a rare species 
known from Pennsylvania. North Carolina. Alabama and Kansas, 
and therefore should occur in southern Indiana. 




Fig. 163. (Original.) 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETL] 3. 



421 



XLV. Lathrobium Grav. 1806. (Gr., 1 'hidden + life,") 

Medium or small sized Staphylinids having the prosternum 
shortened and acute between the front coxae ; front tarsi strongly di- 
lated and densely clothed beneath with large whitish pads composed 
of flattened hairs; fourth joint of maxillary palpi conical and 
pointed or needle-shaped. 

Casey, in his " Revision," has divided the old genus Lathrobium 
as recognized by LeConte, Horn and other authorities, into 19 
genera, ten or eleven of which are probably represented in Indiana. 
His distinguishing characters are, in many instances, of minor im- 
portance and I prefer to rank his genera as groups or subgenera, 
thus placing all species under the well-known name of Lathrobium. 
The following is a modification of the key or table of genera as pro- 
posed by Casey: 

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OR SUBGENERA OF LATHROBIUM. 

(/. Elytra without a fold or raised line on the deflexed portion. 
h. Neck broad, half, or more than half the width of head. 

c. Hind tarsi longer and more slender, the basal joint much shorter 
than second, the fifth much shorter than the first four combined. 
(1. Elytra very short, from one-half to two-thirds the length of 
thorax, their basal angles obsolete; inner wings wanting; ab- 
domen rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. 

Group A. Apteralium. 
dd. Elytra varying in length from a little shorter to decidedly longer 
than thorax, basal angles distinct ; inner wings present ; abdo- 
men minutely punctate. Group B. Lathrobium. 
cc. Hind tarsi shorter and stouter, the first and second joints sub- 
equal, the first four differing but little among themselves and 
together often but little longer than fifth ; gular sutures parallel 
and curved, rather widely separated, nearest together near the 
middle of the surface behind the mouth. 

Group C. Lathrobioma. 
1)1). Neck narrow, about one-third as wide as head; gular sutures nearly 
straight, feebly converging behind, nearest together near the base 
of the head. Group D. Tetartopeus. 

a a. Elytra with a longitudinal fold or raised line on the deflexed portion, 
the line parallel with the side margin. 
e. First joint of hind tarsi equal to or slightly longer than second. 
f. Four basal joints of hind tarsi subequal ; front tarsi feebly di- 
lated; gular sutures very widely separated, being separated at 
base by one-third the width of head; body very small and slen- 
der, not over 4 mm. in length. Group E. Pseudolathra. 
ff. First and second joints of hind tarsi each longer than the third or 
fourth. 



422 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDiE. 



g. Form larger, more robust, length 6 or more mm. ; neck broad, 
more than half as wide as head ; elytral punctures in rows. 

Group F. Lathbotaxis. 
gg. Form small, slender, length less than 5 mm. ; neck distinctly less 
than half as wide as head ; elytral punctures coarse and sparse, 
arranged in rows. Group G. Linolathra. 

ee. First joint of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second. 

h. Body large, stout, parallel; length 9 or more mm.; gular sutures 
less separated, nearest together at base of head. 

Group H. Eulathrobium. 
hh. Body slender, less than 6 mm.; gular sutures widely separated, 
nearest together in front, farthest apart at base of head. 

i. Elytra longer and wider than thorax ; head small and, in our 

species, dark ; body more or less fusiform. 

Group I. Lathrobiella. 

ii. Elytra small, shorter than thorax ; head larger, as wide as ely- 

tra and pale in color ; body parallel. 

GrOUP J. MlCROLATHRA. 

Group A. ( After alium.) 

To this group Casey ascribes two species, one of which occurs in 
Indiana. 

808 (2521). Lathrobium brevipenne Lee. N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 3863', 44. 

Elongate, rather slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. shining ; legs 
and antennas reddish-brown. Head as wide or slightly wider than thorax, 
sides parallel, base truncate, hind angles rounded; surface coarsely and 
rather closely punctate behind the eyes, smooth at middle. Antennas very 
stout, the joints obconical, the basal joint robust. Thorax oblong, one- 
fifth longer than wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured, with a broad me- 
dian smooth space. Elytra but slightly more than half the length of thorax, 
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra. Length 
7.8-9 mm. 

Putnam County; rare, March 25. Known heretofore from 
Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. 

Group B. (Lathrobium.) 

Rather stout, usually large or medium-sized species, having the 
thorax uniformly punctured, with distinct smooth dorsal line ; elytra 
without a fold or raised line on side ; basal joint of hind tarsi dis- 
tinctly shorter than second. The following species have been taken 
or probably" occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Bicolored; black, antennae, legs and elytra wholly reddish-brown; length 
less than 5 mm. ; fifth ventral of male with a round discal impression, 
sixth deeply notched at tip. bicolor. 



THE SHOKT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES 



L23 



aa. Color nearly uniform, the elytra not distinctly paler excepl toward the 
tip ; larger, 7 or more mm. 
b. Antennae very stout, more slender toward apex, the middle joints 
rounded, never longer than wide. 
c. Elytra bicolored, black basally and reddish on apical third, as long 
as thorax; length 10 mm. 809. procerum. 

cc. Elytra wholly black or piceous. 

(I. Elytra much longer and wider than thorax, a fourth longer thai] 
wide; legs and antennae dark reddish-brown; length 7 mm. 

SPISSICORNE. 

<hl. Elytra equal in length to thorax; legs wholly pale reddish- 
brown ; length 8-10 mm. ; sixth ventral of male with a length- 
wise groove near base, not notched at tip. 810. armatum, 
bb. Antennae only moderately stout, the joints at least one-half longer 
than wide, obconic; sixth ventral of male more or less notched at 
tip. 

e. Elytra not longer, and often distinctly shorter than thorax. 

/. Antennae not longer than head and thorax, the joints less than 
twice as long as wide; gular sutures straight, nearest together 
at base of head. 

!/. Punctures of elytra rather fine, sparse and inconspicuous; 
notch of last ventral of male wide and deep, distinct; length 
7.5-9 mm. 

7/. Head and thorax sparsely and rather finely punctured. 

811. SIMILE. 

7/7/. Head and thorax densely and rather coarsely punctured. 

812. INSANUS. 

gg. Punctures of elytra coarse, uneven and conspicuous; last ven- 
tral of male truncate, the notch very small; length 6.5- 
7.5 mm. simplex. 
//. Antennae slender, longer than head and thorax, the middle joints 
fully twice as long as wide; gular sutures curved, nearer to- 
gether at middle of area behind the mouth ; color black, legs 
and antennae paler ; length 6.7-7.5 mm. cruralis. 
ee. Elytra much longer than thorax ; abdomen narrower than elytra, 
the last ventral of male broadly and semicircularly notched; 
black, antennae and legs brown; length 6.5-7.5 mm. concolor. 

L. tricolor Lee, was described from Detroit, Michigan, and L. 
spissicorne Casey from Massachusetts and Detroit, so that one or 
both of them are apt to be found in Indiana. 

809 ( ). Latelrobium procerum Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XY, 

1905, 82. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytra becoming gradually 
but distinctly reddish on apical third: legs reddish-brown; antennae piceous. 
with a reddish tinge. Head equal in width to thorax, sides parallel, sparsely, 
rather finely and irregularly punctate. Thorax oblong, sides nearly straight, 
feebly converging toward base, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra 
rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, minutely 
and rather densely punctate. Length 9-10 mm. 



424: 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINJDiE. 



Laporte County ; rare. July 25. Described from New York, 
Ontario and Illinois. 

*S1Q (2522). Lathrobium armatum Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 
453 ; ibid. II, 56S. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black or piceous, feebly shining; palpi, an- 
tennae and legs reddish-brown. Head as wide as elytra, its sides rounded 
into base; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, nearly 
equal in width to head and elytra; surface, as well as that of elytra, 
coarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate ; the median smooth line very nar- 
row. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, finely and rather closely but 
not densely punctate. Length 8-10 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. February 14-Sept ember 22. Occurs especially in low, damp 
sandy places ; taken also at sap of soft maple. 

811 (2524). Lathrobium simile. Lee, N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 43. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; elytra and abdomen piceous ; 

antenna? and tip of abdomen reddish-brown ; legs paler. Head subquadrate, 
sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax oblong, as wide or slightly wider than 
head, scarcely longer than wide, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra as long and slightly wider than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, 
minutely and very densely punctate. Fifth ventral of male narrowly and 
deeply impressed along the middle; sixth also with a lengthwise groove 
and a wide, deep notch at apex. Length 7.5-9 mm. 

Vigo and Marion counties ; scarce. February 14-Oetober 4. 

812 ( ). Lathrobium ixsanus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown: elytra tinged with red; legs 
and antenme paler. Head subquadrate. narrowed in front, its surface, as 
well as that of thorax, closely and rather coarsely punctate. Antenme 
slender, the outer joints obconical, as wide at apex as long. Thorax longer 
than wide, its sides straight, feebly converging from apex to base. Elytra 
as long as thorax, finely and much more sparsely punctate than there. 
Abdomen finely and densely punctate. Notch of last ventral of male dis- 
tinctly wider and less deep than in simile. Length S.5 mm. 

Laporte County; rare. July 25. 

L. crural is Casey was described from New Jersey, Ohio and 
Iowa. L. concolor Lee. is said by Casey to occur in "Indiana and 
Avestward. ' ' 

Group C. ( Lathrobioma. ) 

This group is composed of rather small, slender species which 
resemble those of Group B. in their large head and thick, bead-like 
antenme. but the joints of the hind tarsi are subequal. Casey has 
placed in the group 11 species, two of which may occur in the State, 
though neither is in the collection at hand. They are: 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



425 



L. othoides Lee., having the head parallel at the sides, color deep 
shining black, legs reddish-brown, antennae dusky; sixth ventral of 
male with a square notch; length 5-5.4 mm. It has been taken in 
New England and Iowa. L. tenue Lee, very slender, with head 
broadest near the base ; color similar ; sixth ventral of male semicir- 
cularly emarginate; length 4.6-5 mm., known from New England, 
Canada and Michigan, and probably occurs in northern Indiana. 

Group D. (Tetaetopeus.) 

This group is chiefly distinguished from other species of Lath- 
robium by the very narrow neck. The antenna? are rather slender 
and filiform and the body is usually more or less fusiform rather 
than parallel in outline. The following species have been taken or 
perhaps occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEOUP D. 

a. Elytra reddish, sometimes clouded with black on suture near base. 
I), Thorax deep black. 

c. Head parallel or only very feebly and gradually narrowed behind 
. the eyes ; thorax strongly and coarsely punctate, the punctures 
rather dense. S13. punctulatum. 

cc. Head very obviously narrowed behind the eyes in both sexes. 

EUBEIPENNE. 

1)1). Thorax dull reddish, similar in color to elytra. S14. semieubeb. 
aa. Elytra not red. 

(7. Elytra black -with the outer apical angles, or sometimes the whole 
apex, more or less abruptly pale ; length 7-7.8 mm. angulabe. 
dd. Elytra and entire body black, the legs dark ; length 5.3-5.S mm. 

NIGBUM. 

813 (2512). Latheobium punctulatum Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I. 
1863, 42. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining ; antennae and elytra dull red. the 
former dusky toward apex ; legs dull yellow. Head semicircular behind 
the eyes, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, slightly longer* 
than wide, distinctly wider than head ; surface, as well as that of elytra, 
rather coarsely, not closely punctate, the median smooth line very narrow. 
Elytra one-third wider and distinctly longer than thorax. Abdomen as 
wide as elytra, minutely and densely punctate. Males with the third to 
fifth ventral segments feebly impressed along the middle, the sixth acutely 
and deeply notched. Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. February 26-October 17. Oc- 
curs beneath cover in open upland woods. 

L. rubriponie Casey. 6 mm. in length, is said to range from 
Massachusetts to Iowa. 



426 



FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINID2E. 



814 ( ). Lathkobium semiruber Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 

1905, 107. 

Elongate, rather slender, nearly parallel. Black ; thorax and elytra 
dark dull reddish, the elytra clouded with blackish toward the base; an- 
tenme piceous, paler at base ; legs dull yellow. Head orbicular, finely and 
sparsely punctate ; antennae slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax ob- 
long, distinctly wider than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and unevenly 
punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider but very slightly longer than thorax, 
coarsely, rather closely and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, 
finely and densely punctate. Males with fourth and fifth ventrals feebly 
flattened, sixth with a minute median notch, deeper than wide, and nar- 
rower than in punctulatum, almost concealed by dense hairs. Length 7- 
7.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Taken by sifting damp 
vegetable debris. Described from Iowa. 

L. angular e Lee., 7-7.8 mm., and L. nigrum Lec., 5-5.8 mm. in 
length, both have a range which favors their occurrence in the State. 
The latter is a boreal species, known from Massachusetts, Michigan 
and Wisconsin. 

Group E. (Pseudolathra.) 

Small, slender, subdepressed species having the head small, 
broadly rounded and subtruncate at base; maxillary palpi short and 
stout; gular sutures widely separated and strongly divergent; an- 
tenna? reaching middle of elytra, rather stout, the joints obconic; 
neck half as wide as head ; thorax with median smooth area, defined 
by impressed rows of punctures. The two known species occur in 
the State. 

815 (2540). Lathrobium anale Lec, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 

177. 

Elongate, very slender. Head black ; antenna?, thorax and elytra pale 
reddish-brown, shining; legs yellow; abdomen piceous, paler at apex. Head 
rather coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax as wide or wider than 
head, slightly longer than wide; sides straight, feebly converging from apex 
to base, disk with a row of close set punctures each side of median line, 
those on sides few and finer. Elytra slightly wider and but little longer 
than thorax, with rows of very fine, shallow, indistinct punctures, confused 
near tips. Abdomen a little narrower at base than elytra, minutely and 
very densely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small triangular 
notch. Length 3.4-3.7 mm. 

Lake, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April 21-May 19. 
Sifted from damp vegetable debris. 

816 ( ). Lathrobium LuSwiceps Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 

1905, 129. 

Slender, subparallel. Dark piceous; head black; antenna? and legs dull 
reddish-brown, Head rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, Thorax oh- 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



427 



long, wider than head, sides nearly straight, disk rather coarsely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third longer and two-fifths wider than tho- 
rax, finely, rather closely punctate, the rows uneven. Abdomen finely and 
densely punctate. Length 3.8 mm. 

Described by Casey from Indiana and Mississippi. 

Group F. (Lathrotaxis.) 

Rather large, parallel and subdepressed species, having the up- 
per surface except the abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate; 
head usually narrower than elytra, its sides broadly rounded into 
base ; labrum with a large triangular notch ; antennas rather long 
and slender, filiform ; elytral punctures sparse and in distinct rows. 

*817 (2534). Lathrobium longuisculum Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 181. 

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra dull red, dusky at 
middle of base ; antennae and legs reddish-brown ; abdomen piceous. Head 
coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, slightly longer than 
wide, a little wider than head, sides straight; disk with a wide smooth 
median space bounded each side by an irregular row of close-set punctures, 
elsewhere coarsely, very sparsely and irregularly punctate. Elytra one- 
fourth wider and slightly longer than thorax, each with about six rows of 
rather coarse, feebly impressed punctures. Abdomen slightly narrower than 
elytra, finely and rather closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a 
shallow, broadly rounded notch at apex. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-November 28. 
Hibernates beneath bark and logs in upland woods. 

Grouf G. (Linolathra.) 

Small, slender, subparallel polished species having the head nar- 
rower than elytra; labrum short, broadly emarginate; thorax small, 
oblong, the angles distinct ; elytra wider and never shorter than 
thorax, their punctures in rows. One of the four species has been 
taken in the State. 

818 (2543). Lathrobium dimidiattjm Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 
1834, 455 ; ibid. II, 570. 
Elongate, very slender. Head and abdomen black; thorax and elytra 
dull red, the latter often blackish at base; antennae reddish-brown, legs 
paler. Head coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly nar- 
rower than head, a little longer than wide, sides straight; disk with a sin- 
gle row of seven to nine rather coarse punctures each side of the median 
smooth space; punctures on sides very fine and sparse. Elytra a fourth 
wider and slightly longer than thorax, each with two or three rows of 
rather coarse, distant, shallow punctures. Abdomen slightly narrower than 
elytra, finely but not very closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a 
shallow^ rounded notch at apex and with a deep, triangular impression be- 
fore the notch ; fifth ventral also with a slight notch. Length 3.8-4.5 mm. 



428 



FAMILY XT. — STAPH YLTN1D2E. 



Southern half of State, frequent; much iess so northward. 
March 6-October 10. Occurs beneath bark, vegetable debris, etc. 

Group it. (Eulathrobium.) 

This group is represented by one species which is the largest of 
the genus. 

S19 (2511). Lathrobium grande Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1S63, 42. 

Robust, parallel. Black, shining, finely pubescent ; antennae and legs 
dark reddish-brown. Head wider than long, rather finely, not densely punc- 
tate, its sides rounded into the subtruncate base. Thorax oblong-oval, 
slightly narrower than head, a little longer than wide ; disk coarsely, deep- 
ly, rather closely punctured, with a narrow median smooth line. Elytra 
slightly wider and distinctly longer than thorax, coarsely and densely punc- 
tate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and rather closely punctate. Sixth 
ventral of male with a small triangular tooth at apex. Length 10-11 mm. 

Steuben and Kosciusko counties ; rare. June 26-August 13. A 
member of the boreal fauna. 

Group I. (Latiirobiella.) 

Rather small, more or less fusiform species having the head 
small, its sides rounded- into base; neck half as wide as head; thorax 
rather large, oblong; elytra with the punctures in rows; abdomen 
minutely and densely punctate. 

The following species have been taken or probably occur in the 
State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP I. 

a. Form more convex, less slender; head narrower than thorax; elytra 
piceous or dark reddish-brown. 
&. Fifth ventral finely and densely punctate like the fourth ; elytra! 
punctures finer, more close set ; sixth ventral of male with a broad 
triangular notch. yentrale. 
bl). Fifth and sixth ventrals less densely punctured; elytral punctures 
coarser, in more regular impressed rows ; sixth ventral of male 
with an acute triangular notch. 820. collars. 

aa. Form more slender and depressed; head equal in width to thorax; ely- 
tra pale, distinctly longer and wider than thorax. 
c. Eyes of normal size and prominence, situated at distinctly less than 
twice their own length from base of head ; elytra pale reddish-yel- 
low, with a piceous cloud near scutellum. rubida. 
cc. Eyes notably smaller, situated at twice their own length from base ; 
elytra pale dull yellow. 821. ambiguum. 

L. ventrale Lee, 4 mm. in length, was described from Pennsyl- 
vania, Florida and Kansas, and therefore probably occurs in In- 
diana. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



420 



*820 (2537). Latheobium collare Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 599. 

Elongate, slender. Head black, antennae and thorax reddish-brown ; 
legs paler; abdomen piceous, the apex paler. Head as long as wide, 
coarsely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, 
much wider than head, sides feebly curved ; disk with a smooth median 
line, bounded each side by an irregular row of fine punctures, and with a 
few scattered ones each side. Elytra distinctly longer and a little wider 
than thorax; abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, densely and finely 
punctate. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; less so northward. February 
10-November 1. 

L. rubida Casey was described from Pennsylvania, Indiana and 
Mississippi. I have not seen a specimen from the State. 

821 (2538). Lathrobium ambigtjum Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1880, 177. 

Elongate, very slender, subdepressecl. Head and abdomen piceous or 
paler; remainder of body dull brownish-yellow. Head very sparsely punc- 
tate ; antennae rather thick, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax oblong, sides 
straight ; disk with a row of fine punctures each side of a smooth median 
line, and with a few scattered ones on sides. Elytra slightly wider and 
one-third longer than thorax, with rows of fine, close-set punctures. Ab- 
domen narrower at base than elytra, thence feebly widening to fourth seg- 
ment ; densely and finely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small 
triangular notch at apex. Length 3.5^1.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko, Marshall, Posey and Perry counties ; scarce. 
April 19-July 24. Occurs beneath bark and rubbish in damp places. 

Group J. (Microlatiira.) 

One small, pale species represents this group in the State. 

822 (2541). Lathrobium pallidulum Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1880, 177. 

Elongate, very slender. Pale reddish-yellow, strongly shining. Head 
as long as wide, finely and sparsely punctate, the base truncate ; antennae 
reaching base of thorax, joints short, rather stout. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, with a row of fine punctures along each side of a smooth median 
line. Elytra one-fourth shorter and slightly wider than thorax, with indis- 
tinct rows of fine, sparse punctures. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra, 
feebly widened toward apex, finely not densely punctate. Sixth ventral of 
male with a small, broad triangular notch at apex. Length 3.8-4 mm. 

Marshall, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. March 25-May 
20. Occurs beneath stones in open woodland pastures, often in 
company with ants. 



430 



FAMILY XI. S T A P H Y L I N I D M 



XLVI. Aderocharis Sharp. 1886. (Gr., "eating enough + to 

delight in.") 

Rather stout, parallel species, having the head broadly sinuate- 
truncate at base; third joint of maxillary palpi elongate-oval; an- 
tennae slender, reaching beyond middle of thorax; neck two-fifths 
as wide as head ; thorax subquadrate, the apex somewhat produced 
forward at middle. One species occurs throughout the Eastern 
United States. 

823 (2559). Aderocharis corticina Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 184. 
Rather broad, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown, the entire up- 
per surface minutely and densely punctate; antenna? and legs paler; head 
blackish. Head a little wider than long, its sides feebly curved. Thorax 
slightly wider than long, a little narrower than head, sides straight, feebly 
converging from the distinct apical to the broadly rounded basal angles. 
Median smooth line very narrow. Elytra together quadrate, a little longer 
and wider than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra ; the sixth 
ventral of male broadly and shallowly emarginate. Length 6-7 mm. 

Marion and Monroe counties; rare. June 9-June 12. Taken by 
sifting decaying maple logs. Described by Say from Posey County 
under the name Lathrobium millepunc tai um. 

XLVII. Sciocharis Arrib. 1884. 

Small, rather stout brown or piceous species having the two 
basal joints of antenna? much thickened, the second in our species 
longer than third; gular sutures but slightly separated, closest to- 
gether at base ; neck less than half as wide as head ; front tarsi more 
or less dilated ; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than sec- 
ond, joints two to four decreasing in length. One of the three 
United States species occurs in Indiana. 

824 ( ). Sciocharis carolinensis Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 

1905, 157. 

Parallel, moderately convex. Head piceous; antennse, legs and abdo- 
men pale reddish-brown; thorax and elytra darker. Head as wide as ely- 
tra, its sides feebly curved, finely and densely punctate. Thorax subquad- 
rate, wider than long, widest at apex, its sides straight and feebly converg- 
ing to base; disk finely and rather densely punctate, with a very narrow 
smooth median line. Elytra one-third longer, slightly wider and a little 
more coarsely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen as wide as 
elytra, minutely and rather closely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with 
a broad notch at apex. Length 3 mm. 

Orange County; rare. June 2. Sifted from decaying beech 

stump. 



THE SHOUT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



XL VII J. Sciocharella Casey. 1905. 

Closely related to Sciocharis, but differing by the smaller siz<- 
and in the characters mentioned in the generic key. One species 
belongs to the Austroriparian fauna. 

825 ( ). Sciochakella DELicATU la Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 

XV, 1905, 159. 

Slender, parallel. Pale to dull brownish-yellow, very minutely punc- 
tate, alutaceous; legs and antennae paler. Head piceous, as long as wide, 
widest at the truncate base; eyes situated twice their length from base. 
Second antennal joint as long as the next two combined and much thicker. 
Thorax as long as wide, scarcely narrower than head, sides nearly straight, 
angles scarcely rounded. Elytra quadrate, parallel, much wider than head, 
a fifth wider and one-fourth longer than thorax. Length 1.8 mm. 

Crawford and Posey counties • rare. May 26- June 3. Described 
from Alabama. 

XLIX. Trachysectus Casey. 1886. 

Represented east of the Rocky Mountains by one small piceous 
species having the gular sutures narrowly separated and nearest to- 
gether in front of middle ; neck half as wide as head ; third joint of 
antenna^ distinctly longer than second, the outer joints bead-like; 
presternum not carinate ; upper surface coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. 

826 (2560). Trachysectus confltjens Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, IV, 

1834, 456; ibid. II, 571. 
Rather stout, parallel, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, 
feebly shining ; legs, tips of elytra and base of antennae paler. Head wider 
than long, as wide as elytra, its hind angles broadly rounded ; densely, 
coarsely and strigosely punctured. Thorax narrower than head, wider 
than long; disk with fine, lengthwise wrinkles. Elytra slightly wider and 
one- third longer than thorax, finely, rather closely and roughly punctate. 
Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly widened to 
near apex, finely and densely punctate. Sixth ventral of male with a small 
median notch. Length 3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 17-October 17. Oc- 
curs beneath loose bark and dead leaves and in fungi. When un- 
covered they run very rapidly. The elytra are not always paler at 
tips and the thorax is' often reddish on the sides. 

L. Paramedon Casey. 1905. (Gr., "over + provider. ") 

The principal distinguishing characters of this genus are the 
strongly dilated front tarsi and the sexual characters of the males. 
Its members hitherto known have all been from the Pacific or South- 
western States. 
[28—23402] 



432 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIM;. 



827 ( ). Paeamedon falli sp. nov. 

Elongate, rather slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown, finely and 
sparsely pubescent; antennae, legs and last two segments of abdomen paler. 
Head subquadrate, sides straight and parallel behind the eyes; surface 
finely and rather densely punctate above, more sparsely beneath, the gular 
sutures very close together. Antennae reaching almost to base of thorax, 
basal joint as long as the next three ; two to five oval, subequal, longer 
than wide; six to ten transverse, eleventh slightly longer. Thorax nearly 
.square, sides almost straight, angles rounded, disk finely and rather closely 
punctate. Elytra slightly wider and one-fourth longer than thorax, finely 
and densely punctate. Abdomen very finely and more densely punctate. 
Hind margin of fifth ventral of male with a broad and shallow rounded 
emargination, on each side of which is a tuft of short stiff black bristles. 
Length 4 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from a nest of mouse 
at border of sphagnum marsh. Named in honor of H. C. Fall of 
Pasadena, California. 

LI. Pseudomedon Rey. 1879. (Gr., "false + provider. ") 

Small, slender species, with the entire upper surface very finely 
and densely punctate, subopaque ; head small ; gular sutures very 
fine, widely separated, nearest together in front, thence widely di- 
verging to base ; neck two-fifths as wide as head ; front tarsi strongly 
dilated in both sexes. Two species have been taken in the State. 

828 ( ). Pseudomedon euficolle Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 

1905, 188. 

Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and abdomen dark reddish-brown ; 
thorax pale dull red ; antennse and legs paler. Head as long as wide, three- 
fourths as wide as thorax, its sides behind the eyes parallel and rounded 
into base. Thorax subquadrate, as long as wide, sides feebly curved, the 
angles broadly rounded. Elytra one-third longer and slightly wider than 
thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra, thence distinctly tapering to 
apex. Sixth ventral of male with a small rounded emargination at apex. 
Length 4 mm. 

Steuben, Starke, Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. 
April 23-October 17. Taken by sifting vegetable debris. 

829 ( ). Pseudomedon thoeacicum Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV, 

1905, 188. 

Form of preceding. Uniform black or very dark piceous ; antennae and 
legs paler. Head almost as wide as thorax, the latter slightly wider than 
long, as wide almost as elytra ; otherwise as ruficolle. Length 3.5 mm. 

Marshall County ; rare. May 20. Taken from beneath rubbish 
at margin of lake. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



433 



LII. Scop^eus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., "a dwarf.") 

Very small and delicate species having the labrum short, trans- 
verse and toothed; last joint of maxillary palpi acute, distinct; 
ligula tricuspid; antennae filiform, subacuminate toward apex, the 
first joint moderately elongate, second and. third obconic, the re- 
mainder oval ; thorax oblong, more or less narrowed in front. Casey 
has subdivided the genus as defined by Erichson into a number of 
genera, herewith treated as groups or subgenera, three of which are 
perhaps represented in Indiana, though members of but two have 
as yet been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF SC01M3US. 

(/. Neck extremely slender. 

1). Hind tarsi rather short, the basal joint never more than slightly 
longer than second ; body minute in size, more or less aluta^eous ; 
gular sutures rattier widely separated. Group A. Scop^eus. 

66. Hind tarsi long, slender, the basal joint always distinctly longer than 
second ; body subparallel, strongly convex, very minutely punctu- 
late and pubescent; gular sutures virtually united from a short 
distance behind the mentum. Group B. Scop^eopsis. 

aa, Neck moderately narrow, varying from a fourth to nearly a third as 
wide as head ; gular sutures more or less widely separated, farthest 
apart at base; labrum with four teeth; hind tarsi short, the basal 
joint but little longer than second ; color black, polished, more or less 
sparsely punctate. Group C. Pycnorus. 

Group A. (Scop^us.) 

Of the 20 or more species ascribed to this group by Casey, but 
one has as yet been taken in the State. 

S30 (2546). Scop^eus exiguus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 608. 

Slender, parallel. Head and elytra blackish piceous ; thorax dusky yel- 
low ; abdomen blackish, paler at tip ; antenna; and legs pale yellow. Head 
slightly longer than wide, minutely and densely punctate above, more 
sparsely beneath, truncate-sinuate at base. Thorax oblong, slightly longer 
than wide, but little narrower and less densely punctate than head ; sides 
obliquely truncate on apical third, thus narrowing to apex. Elytra dis- 
tinctly wider than head and thorax, but slightly longer than the latter, 
finely and densely punctate. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than ely- 
tra, minutely and densely punctate. Length 2.4 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 6-June 12. Taken 
by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

Group B. (Scop^opsis.) 

8. duryi Casey, 4 mm. in length, piceous black, head, thorax and 
antennas dusky yellow, was described from Cincinnati and was 



434 



FAMILY XI. — STAPH YLIX I D.E. 



sifted from a patch of withered fungus. Very probably occurs in 
'southern Indiana. 

Geoup^ C. (Pycnoeus.) 

Body rather thick and convex ; legs stout, the front tarsi dilated ; 
front angles of thorax obliterated. One of the three species as- 
cribed to the group has been taken in the State. 

•831 (254S). ScbBiETJS dentigee Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 
179. 

Elongate, convex. Black, feebly shining, thinly clothed with very fine 
gray pubescence ; antennas and tarsi dark reddish-brown ; legs and abdo- 
men piceous, Head longer than wide, truncate at base, very minutely and 
sparsely punctate above, more distinctly beneath. Antennae reaching base 
of thorax, the outer joints scarcely thicker. Thorax elongate-oval, one- 
third longer than wide, sides feebly curved, converging from middle to 
base and apex ; disk, as well as that of elytra, finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra as long and scarcely wider than thorax. Abdomen as wide 
as elytra, minutely and densely punctate. Length 3-3.2 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 24. Sifted from sphagnum 
moss at edge of tamarack marsh. The males have the femora 
thicker, the hind ones bent, concave beneath, the curved edge finely 
serrate and with a tooth near trochanter. 

LIU. Stiljcus Latr. 1829. (Gr., "a style.") 

Small slender species having the labrum broadly rounded or 
subtruncate at apex ; second joint of maxillary palpi much shorter 
than third; head rounded or subtruncate at base; surface usually 
coarsely punctured. The head is narrowed behind and the thorax 
in front, the two parts being united by a mere point, giving to them 
the aspect of small ants. The following species have been taken or 
probably occur in the State: 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STILICUS. 

a. Under surface of head densely punctured. 

&. Upper surface finely and densely punctate ; head subquadrate, trun- 
cate at base; elytra with the outer apical angles broadly pale. 

0PACULTJS. 

l)h. Upper surface of head and thorax coarsely, elytra finely and sparsely 
punctured ; tips of elytra pale ; head rounded at base ; thorax with- 
out a smooth median line. eudis. 
aa. Under surface of head sparsely punctured. 

c. Labrum with two acute teeth at apex ; sculpture above not very fine 
and dense. 

(1. Head not strigosely punctured above ; thorax with a broad, smooth 
dorsal line ; elytra distinctly wider than head. 832. angulaeis. 
del. Head and thorax strigosely punctured above, 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



435 



e. Elytra bronzed brown, the tips narrowly pale, more widely to- 
ward sides; wider than bead, finely and very sparsely punc- 
tate. 833. DENTATUS. 

ee. Piceous black : elytra scarcely at all paler at tip, not wider than 
bead, rather closely punctate. 834. biakmatus. 

cg. Labrum with four teeth, the outer pair very small, the inner pair 
short, broad and widely separated ; surface very finely and densely 
punctate; head rounded behind; presternum strongly carinate. 

TRISTIS. 

S. opaculus Lee.. 4 mm. in length, has been taken at Cincinnati, 
and S. rudis Lee, 4.5 mm. in length, in Illinois. 

832 (2554). Stilicus angularis Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840. 634. 
Dark reddish-brown, shining; elytra with tips 

pale ; abdomen piceous ; legs pale yellow. Head as 
wide as long, broadly rounded and subtruncate at 
base, coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures 
rounded, shallow, each bearing a minute hair. Tho- 
rax but little longer than wide, three-fourths as 
wide as head, the obtuse angles at apical third dis- 
tinctly rounded; disk sparsely and coarsely punc- 
tured on sides with a broad smooth median line. 
Elytra one-half wider and one-third longer than tho- 
rax, finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen nar- 
rower at base than elytra, minutely and rather 
closely punctate. Fifth ventral of male feebly flat- 
tened, its apex truncate without a tooth. Length 
3.8-4 mm. (Fig. 164.) Fi s- 164 - (Original.) 

Marion, Monroe, Lawrence and Spencer counties ; scarce. April 
12-Jnly 29. Occurs beneath carrion and leaves. 

833 (2556). Stilicus dentatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 

457; ibid. II, 573. 

Head, thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, the elytra strongly shin- 
ing; abdomen black; antenme reddish-brown; legs and tips of elytra pale 
yellow. Head longer than wide, strongly rounded at base, its punctures 
elongate and dense. Thorax three-fifths as wide as head ; disk with length- 
wise wrinkles, the median smooth line very narrow, forming an obtuse 
carina. Elytra three-fourths wider and a third longer than thorax. Ab- 
domen at base narrower than elytra, thence gradually widening, surface 
shining, finely and sparsely punctate. Fifth ventral of male with a me- 
dian tooth. Length 3.7-4 mm. 

Putnam, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. March 20-Novem- 
ber 28. Taken by sifting damp leaves and in fungi. 

834 (2557). Stilicus biaematus Lee, Trans. Amer. But. Soc, VIII, 1880, 

17S. 

Piceous black. Elytra scarcely at all paler at tip; antenme and legs 
dusky yellow. Head as wide as long, its base broadly rounded, surface, as 




436 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLHSTIDiE. 



well as that of thorax, densely and strigosely punctate. Thorax three- 
fifths as wide as head, median smooth line narrow. Elytra one-third wider 
but not longer than thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra. Fifth 
ventral of male with t wo small ^tubercles on hind margin. Length 3.7^ mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 25. Sifted from vegetable 
debris at edge of tamarack swamp. A member of the boreal fauna. 

S. tristis Melsh., 5.5-7 mm. in length, has been taken near Cin- 
cinnati and ranges from Pennsylvania to Arizona. If doubtless oc- 
curs in southern Indiana. 

LIV. Megastilicus Casey. 1889. (Gr., "large + style.") 

This genus was erected by Casey upon a very stout form with 
a small orbicular head, having the body, especially the margins, 
thickly clothed with short, stiff bristles. 

835 (9650). Megastilicus formicarius Casey, Entom. Amer., V, 1889, 183. 
Dark reddish-brown, opaque ; head and abdomen piceous. Head nearly 

circular, not punctured but coarsely alutaceous ; neck exceedingly small ; 
antennae reaching base of thorax, stout, the joints closely united. Thorax 
slightly longer than wide, widest one-third from apex, the sides thence 
rapidly converging to apex, nearly straight to base; disk coarsely alu- 
taceous, the median line smoother. Elytra three-fourths wider and one- 
third longer than thorax, finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen 
short and broad, strongly margined, less than one-half longer than elytra, 
finely and densely punctate. Length 5 mm. 

Putnam and Spencer counties ; rare. April 9-June 13. Occurs 
in the large cone-shaped nests of ants, especially those of Formica 

exsectoides. 

LV. Leptogenius Casey. 1905. 

Minute reddish-brown species having the eyes very small; la- 
brum with four teeth; antennae extremely short, not longer than 
head; neck about one-fifth as wide as head; thorax obliquely nar- 
rowed in front. Two species occur in the Eastern United States, 
one of which has been taken in Indiana. 

836 (9G57). Leptogenius brevicornis Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 

XV, 1905, 247. 

Slender, subparallel, feebly convex. Pale reddish-brown, closely, coarsely 
and rugosely punctate ; elytra somewhat darker. Head longer than wide, 
its sides parallel. Thorax three-fourths the width of head, about as long 
as wide, base twice as wide as apex, median line feebly carinate Elytra 
together as long as wide, one-third wider and a fourth longer than thorax. 
Abdomen as wide as elytra. Length 1.7 mm. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAYENGEE BEETLES. 



437 



Southern half of State ;. frequent. March 25-May 11. Taken 
by sifting and from decaying fruit. One of the smallest of Staphy- 
linids. 

LVI. P^ederus Grav. 1806. (Gr., "a precious stone.") 

Small, slender, convex species, sparsely clothed with erect hairs 
and having the presternum shortened between and under the coxae, 
not reaching mesosternum ; neck one-third the width of head, labrum 
emarginate at apex; last joint of maxillary palpi obtuse; tarsi with 
the fourth joint bilobed beneath. Three species are known from 
the State, all colored alike, being reddish-yellow, shining, with the 
head and last two segments of abdomen black ; elytra dark blue. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF P^DERUS. 

a. Elytra much shorter than wide ; distinctly shorter than thorax, sparsely, 
coarsely and deeply punctate. 837. palustris. 

aa. Elytra subquadrate, at least as long as wide, and as long as or longer 
than thorax. 

ft. Thorax ovate ; elytral punctures coarse, deep, rather close-set through- 
out 838. LITTORARIUS. 

f)l). Thorax elongate-oval; elytral punctures shallow, much less coarse 
and very sparse, obsolete toward apex. 839. obliteratus. 

S37 (2572). PiEDERUS palustris Aust, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, 47. 

Elongate, slender. Antennae piceous, the apical and four basal joints 
pale, the outer joints gradually thickened. Head suborbicular, as wide as 
long, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax elongate-oval, slightly 
narrower than head, very sparsely punctate. Elytra as mentioned in key. 
the basal angles very broadly rounded. Abdomen as wide as elytra, mi- 
nutely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Starke, Knox and Posey counties; scarce. April 18-June 17. 
Sifted from debris along the margins of ponds and lakes. 

838 (2573). P^ederus littorarius Grav., Men. Col. Micr., 1808, 142. 

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Antennae piceous at middle, the base 
and two or three apical joints pale, the outer joints not enlarged. Head 
slightly longer than wide, base broadly rounded ; surface, as well as that of 
thorax and abdomen, finely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax convex, 
slightly longer than wide, a little narrower than head; sides feebly curved. 
Elytra equal in length to and one-fourth wider than thorax. Abdomen a 
little narrower than elytra, parallel. Male with the slit of the sixth ven- 
tral three times as deep as wide. Length 4.2-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 14-November 10. 
Occurs especially in open woodland. Hibernates beneath and be- 
tween the leaves of mullein. 



438 FAMILY XT. ST A P IT YL1 N ID M . 

S39 (2575). P^derus obliteratus Lee, Proc. Arner. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, 
395. 

Elongate, very slender. Head as broad as long, slightly wider than 
thorax and, like the latter, very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax 
elongate-oval, sides feebly curved. Elytra distinctly longer than wide, a 
fourth wider and slightly longer than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, 
minutely and sparsely punctate. Male with the sixth ventral cleft nearly 
to base. Length 4.7-5.2 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; rare. October 26. Occurs along the borders 
of the larger lakes and the seacoast of the Eastern United States. 

LVII. Sunius Steph. 1831. (Gr.. "to be together.") 

Elongate, very slender species having the labrum short, trun- 
cate, bidentate; presternum car mate; base of head more or less 
broadly curved and truncate ; basal joint of hind tarsi much elon- 
gated, the fourth joint of all the tarsi bilobed beneath. The follow- 
ing species have been taken or probably occur in the State: 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SUNIUS. 

a. Head black or piceous. 

&. Elytra in part, sometimes almost wholly, black. 
c. Abdomen wholly dark ; elytra pale at apex. 
d. Elytra distinctly longer than thorax; head more densely punc- 
tured beneath. cinctus. 
dd. Elytra equal to or shorter than thorax ; head less densely punc- 
tured beneath. S40. linearis. 
cc. Abdomen reddish-yellow, usually black at tip; elytra subequal in 
length and width to thorax, with a large dark spot on outer side 
behind the middle. 841. binotatus. 
bl>. Elytra wholly pale, small, equal to or shorter than thorax; body 
wholly pale except the head and last two segments. brevipennis. 
aa. Head and entire body except the last two segments pale; elytra dis- 
tinctly longer than thorax. 842. discopunctatus. 

S-. cinctus Say, 3.5-4.5 mm. in length, occurs from New^ York to 
Iowa. It is usually listed as prolixus Erichs., but Say's name has 
priority. 

840 ( ). Sunius linearis Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 639. 

Elongate, parallel. Black or piceous, subnpaque; legs, antenna? and 
apical third of elytra pale yellow. Head as wide as long, slightly wider 
than thorax, its surface, as well as that of the latter, coarsely and densely 
punctured, the punctures elongate. Thorax oval, as wide as long, sides 
feebly curved, base slightly narrower than apex. Elytra a little wider, 
about as long and more coarsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen at base 
slightly narrower than elytra, gradually and feebly widening toward apex, 
finely and densely punctate. Length 4.4 mm. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



439 



Throughout the State ; frequent. March 20-May 19. Taken by 
sifting. Probably hibernates as imago. This, as well as the other 
species, runs with great rapidity when disturbed. 

841 (2579). Sunics binotatus Say, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1823, 
154 ; ibid. II, 99. 

Very slender, parallel. Head, a large spot on elytra and tip of abdo- 
men black ; thorax, base and suture of elytra and base of abdomen reddish- 
yellow ; antennae, legs and tip of abdomen pale yellow. Head longer than 
wide, wider than thorax and elytra. Thorax elongate-oval, the sides feebly 
converging from apical third to base; surface, as well as that of head and 
elytra, punctured as in linearis. Abdomen slender, gradually broader be- 
hind. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 4-October 10. 
Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

S. brevipennis Austin, 3-3.7 mm. in length, occurs from Massa- 
chusetts to Iowa and doubtless inhabits Indiana. 

*842 ( ). Sunius mscopUNCTATUs Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 

1834, 457 ; ibid. II; 572. 
Very slender, subparallel. Pale reddish-yellow, last two abdominal 
segments black. Head rather small, narrower than elytra. Thorax oval, 
narrower than head, slightly longer than wide, sides rounded at apical 
fourth, thence feebly converging to base; punctate as in linearis. Elytra 
a third longer and distinctly wider than thorax. Abdomen at base slightly 
narrower than elytra, its sides almost parallel. Length 3.8-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 20-November 28. 
Occurs especially beneath stones, bark, etc., in high, open woodland. 
Listed as longmsculus Mann., of which it is usually considered a 
synonym, but Casey says the latter is a Pacific Coast species, with 
much larger elytra. 

LVIII. Stilicopsis Sachse. 1852. (Gr., "style + face.") 

Minute pale species having the thorax almost circular, its median 
line finely elevated; elytra short with diverging sides ; abdomen 
broad, convex. 

843 (2582). Stilicopsis paradoxa Sachse., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 144. 

Short, parallel. Pale yellow throughout. Head scarcely as long as 
wide, coarsely and densely punctate, its sides rounded into the slender 
neck ; eyes prominent, coarsely granulate ; antenna? reaching middle of tho- 
rax, the outer joints somewhat thickened. Thorax equal to head in width, 
nearly circular, rather densely granulate-punctate. Elytra distinctly wider 
and shorter than thorax, coarsely, closely and rugosely punctate. Abdo- 
men at middle wider than elytra, finely, densely and roughly punctate. 
Length 2.5-2.7 mm. 



440 



FAMILY XI. STAPH YLINID^E. 



Putnam County; scarce. March 26-October 10. Sifted from 
damp vegetable debris. 

Tribe II. PINOPHILINI. 

Elongate, slender, sub cylindrical species having the fourth joint 
of maxillary palpi as long as the third and obliquely hatchet-shaped. 
Two genera compose the tribe, both of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF PINOPHILINI. 

a. Abdomen distinctly margined ; species black or piceous. 

LIX. Pinophilus. 

aa. Abdomen not margined ; species usually pale yellow. 

LX. Palaminus. 

LIX. Pinophilus (Ira v. 1802. (Gr., "filthiness + loving. ") 

Rather large blackish species having the head short, wider than 
long, about as wide as thorax, its base truncate ; neck one-half the 
width of head; antennas very slender, reaching nearly to base of 
thorax ; mandibles long, strongly curved, each with a blunt median 
tooth which is notched at apex ; eyes large, very close to base of 
head ; basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three, fourth joint 
bilobed. Only isolated descriptions of the five North American spe- 
cies are extant. Two are known from Indiana. 

844 (2585). Pinophilus latipes Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 202. 
Elongate, parallel. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with gray- 
ish hairs. Antenna?, legs and hind margins of abdominal segments pale 
reddish-yellow. Head very finely and sparsely punctate, with a number of 
coarse, deep punctures above and behind the eyes. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide; base and apex truncate; sides nearly straight, feebly converg- 
ing from apex to base; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tate. Elytra slightly wider and nearly one-half longer than thorax, coarsely, 
deeply and densely punctate. Abdomen at base a little narrower and more 
finely and sparsely punctate than elytra. Front tarsi of male short, very 
strongly dilated, the joints membranous and overlapping. Length 13-15 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. March 8-December 3. Occurs 
singly beneath logs and stones in upland woods. One of the longest 
of our Staphylinids. 

845 (2588). Pinophilus opacus Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 49. 
Smaller and more slender than latipes. Black, subopaque, head and 

thorax feebly shining; antenna?, palpi and legs pale yellow. Elytra much 
more finely and deeply punctate, but slightly longer than thorax. Abdo- 
men more finely punctate. Length 8-9 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. May 30. One specimen from the beach of 
Lake Michigan. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



441 



LX. Palaminus Erichs. 1640. (Gr., "hand.") 

Small, slender, subcylindrical species, having the head broader 
than long, its base truncate immediately behind the eyes ; antennae 
slender, longer than head and thorax; last joint of maxillary palpi 
relatively shorter and broader than in Pinophilus. Abdomen cylin- 
drical, narrower than elytra, its sides not margined. 

846 (2592). Palaminus testaceus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 683. 
Elongate, very slender. Pale reddish-yellow, shin- 
ing, sparsely clothed with long yellowish hairs; abdo- 
men reddish-brown ; antennas and legs pale yellow. 
Head rounded in front, coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long, 
sides rounded into base, which is but slightly nar- 
rower than apex; disk convex, coarsely and rather 
sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and twice as 
long as thorax, rather coarsely, not densely punctate. 
First four segments of abdomen with coarse overlap- 
ping, scale-like granules; the fifth and sixth smooth. 
Last ventral of male with middle lobe curved, bent to 
one side and obliquely truncate at tip. Length 3.5- 
4 mm. (Fig. 165.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 18- 
June 21. Taken by sifting ; also on fungi and beneath bark. Their 
motion is wriggling or vermicular, like that of a worm or snake. 

847 (2597). Palaminus laevalis Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 49. 
Elongate, very slender. Color of testaceus, the head darker and shorter. 

Thorax obcordate, much narrower at base than apex, coarsely and very 
sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly narrower and not longer than thorax, 
coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate ; abdomen as in testaceus, the imbri- 
cated scales extending to middle of fifth segment. Length 3.2 nun. 

Starke County; rare. May 19. 'Sifted from sphagnum moss. 

Subfamily V. TACHYPORINAE. 

Rather short and broad convex Staphylinids, having the body 
conical and pointed behind; antennas widely separated at base, in- 
serted at the sides of the front above the base of mandibles, usually 
beneath the side margin of the front, sometimes free, but never be- 
neath a projecting ridge as in the Pa?derinas; head narrower than 
thorax, its base not constricted but covered by the front of thorax ; 
front coxae large, conical and prominent, their trochanters very dis- 
tinct ; spiracles of thorax distinct ; hind coxa? transverse or triangu- 
lar ; tibiae with numerous spines ; abdomen conical, often bordered 
and terminated with divergent spines. 




U2 



FAMILY XT. — STAPH YLTNTDJE - . 



The one paper treating of the North American species of the 
subfamily is by 

Horn. — "Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Staphylinid 
Tribe Taehyporini of the United States," in Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc. YI. 1877. 81-126. 

The subfamily is separated into five tribes, and these in turn into 
genera. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF TACHYPORIX.E. 

a. Hind coxa? transverse, reaching the side pieces of the metathorax. 
£>. Antenna? 10-jointed: tarsi 4-jointed. 

Tribe I. Hypocyptixi, p. 442. 

hi). Antenna? 11-jointed ; tarsi 5-jointed. 

c. First joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as tibia?: hind coxa? ap- 
parently united with the metasternum. 

Tribe II. Trichopyixi, p. 442. 
cc. First joint of hind tarsi moderate or short: hind coxa? free. 

d. Head not margined on the sides beneath the eyes ; elytra dis- 
tinctly longer than the thorax, minutely and irregularly punc- 
tate. Tribe III. Tachyporixi. p. 443. 
dd. Head margined on the side beneath the eyes; elytra about as 
long as thorax, smooth or with three or more rows of punc- 
tures. Tribe IV. Bolitobtixi, p. 452. 
aa. Hind coxa? triangular, prominent; antenna? 11-jointed; tarsi 5-jointed; 
head not margined. Tribe V. Habrocerixi, p. 457. 

Tribe I. HTPOCYPTINI. 

Very small, broadly oval pubescent species, which occur for the 
most part in the nests of ants., When disturbed they bend the head 
under the body which, together with their convex forms, gives them 
the appearance of little globes or balls. Xo representative of the 
tribe has been taken in the State, though Dury has taken Microcyp- 
tus testaceus Lec. from the nest of a small black ant near Cincin- 
nati. It is reddish-yellow, with the middle coxa? narrowly sepa- 
rated : mesosternum carinate : length .8 mm. 

Hypocyptus longicornis Payk.. black, legs and antenna pale yel- 
low, middle coxa? widely separated, mesosternum flat, length 1 mm., 
may occur in the southern half of the State. 

Tribe II. TRICHOPTINI. 

Two genera represent this tribe in the Eastern United States, 
both of which occur in the nests of white ants (Termes). Both 
genera have a southern range and both are perhaps represented in 
southern Indiana, though only the single species of one has as yet 
been taken. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SC A 'VEX GET? UEET LES. 



i l:: 



KEY TO GENERA OF TRICFIOPYIXI. 

a. Body broad, narrowed behind, clothed with long, sparse, bristly hairs; 
thorax narrowed in front, not impressed. LXI. Trichopsexii s. 
aa. Body narrower ; thorax not narrowed in front, with an apical impres- 
sion, the bottom of which is membranous. Xenistusa. 

LXI. Trichopsextus Horn. 1877. (Or., "little hair -like.") 

Represented in southern Indiana and southward by one small 
form having the tibiae distinctly spinulose. middle coxa- contiguous; 
abdomen and elytra not margined. 

848 (2602). Trichopsexfcs depress! s Horn. Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc. VI. 
1877, 88. 

Oblong, depressed. Brownish-yellow, glabrous, very shining and with- 
out punctures. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides slightly curved, 
base truncate, hind angles acute. Elytra each quadrate, as long as broad, 
together not wider and a little shorter than thorax, and with three trans- 
verse rows of erect yellowish hairs. Abdomen conical and bearing numerous 
sparse, erect hairs. Length 1.2 mm. 

Crawford County. May 15. Four or five specimens were taken 
in the nests of Termes flavipes Koll.. beneath flat stones near the 
mouth of Wyandotte Cave. 

Tribe III. TACHYPORIXI. 
Rather short, broad species, with a conical abdomen, which is 
never turned upward when disturbed, as is the habit of most other 
Staphylinids. They occur-in fungi, dung and other decaying matter. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TACHYPORINT. 

a. Abdomen with a narrow margin ; tibia? with a fringe of uneven spinules 
at tip. 

1>. Mesosternuin not carinate. 

c. Maxillary palpi filiform; body oblong, somewhat depressed, mod- 
erately tapering: length 3-6 mm. LXII. Tachixus. 
cc. Maxillary palpi awl-shaped ; body short, convex, abruptly tapering ; 
length less than 3 mm. LXIII. Tachyporus. 
hi). Mesosternum carinate: maxillary palpi filiform; front tarsi of male 
simple. 

(1. Elytra not extended at sides below the body. Cilea. 
aa. Elytra projected at the sides below the body. LXIV. Erchomus. 
aa. Abdomen not margined; surface finely pubescent; tibia? with a fringe 
of equal spines at tip. LXV. Coxosoma. 

LXII. Tachixus Grav. 1802. (Gr.. "swift.") 

A large genus, the species of which are very difficult to separate, 
unless both sexes are present. The males have the front tarsi always 
dilated and the last or seventh ventral segment deeply divided, form- 



444 



FAMILY XT. STAPH 



ing processes or lacinias of varying shape, frequently long and slen- 
der and decurved, resembling somewhat the forceps of an earwig, 
often broader in the form of triangular plates. The sixth segment 
varies also in form and sculpture, the hind margin being notched in 
most species and the surface concave or impressed, the impression 
often wholly or partly filled with very short, stout bristles, thus 
forming a " spongy space." The hind margin of the sixth ventral 
in part of the species is also pectinate or fringed on each side with 
stiff, close-set spinules, thus forming a comb-like structure. 

In the female the front tarsi are not dilated and the last ventral 
is (a) either entire and fringed behind with short equal spinules 
(flavipennis and circumcinchis only) or (&) divided into six rather 
long and slender processes. In the latter case the last dorsal is tri- 
iobed, with the middle lobe either entire, emarginate, bifid or trifid 
at apex. In the key the characters given pertain only to the male, 
unless the female be mentioned specifically. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHINUS. 

a. Sixth ventral pectinate on its hind margin. 

1). Sixth ventral with a spongy space on the center of the impression; 
female with middle lobe of last dorsal shorter than the side lobes, 
slender and feebly notched at tip. 849. memnonius. 

J)b. Sixth ventral without a spongy space at middle, very deeply emargi- 
nate, the angles prolonged. 
c. Spinules on hind margin of sixth ventral bordering the entire 
emargination ; female with middle lobe of last dorsal as long as 
the side lobes, deeply divided to form two slender processes ; pic- 
eous, the sides and base of thorax paler. 850. repandus. 

cg. Spinules divided into three groups; pale reddish-yellow; length 
3.5 mm. scrutator. 
aa. Sixth ventral segment not pectinate on hind margin. 

d. Form parallel; abdomen not narrowed except at tip; female as in 
repandus. parallelus. 
dd. Abdomen gradually narrowed from base to tip. 
e. Sixth ventral with a spongy space on its middle. 

/'. Abdomen rather coarsely punctured; elytra clay-yellow; female 
with last ventral entire, last dorsal with the three lobes united. 

851. flavipennis. 

/'/'. Abdomen very obsoletely punctured ; female with middle lobe of 
last dorsal as long as and broader than the side lobes, the tip 
notched one-third toward base. 852. luridus. 

ee. Sixth ventral without a spongy space on its middle. 
g. First two ventrals strongly carinate at middle. 

h. Processes of last ventral long and curved; last dorsal with 
four acute teeth; elytra pale brown, their tips piceous; fe- 
male with middle lobe broad, shorter than side ones, and 
triangularly notched at tip. 853. fimbriatus. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



445 



hh. Processes shorter, straight ; last dorsal with short teeth; fe- 
male as in pafallelus. picipes. 
gg. First two ventrals not or feebly carinate, 
i. Sixth ventral concave, emarginate behind. 
j. Hind margin of sixth ventral emarginate at middle and 
sides ; female with middle lobe broad, as long as the side 
ones, its tip broadly triangularly notched. schwarzt. 
jj. Hind margin emarginate at middle only. 

Jc. Thorax entirely dull yellow; female with middle lobe 
shorter than side ones, broadly oval, rarely with a feeble 
notch at tip. limbatus. 
kJc. Thorax piceous with narrow pale border ; elytra distinctly 
punctate ; female as in luridus. 854. pallipes. 

it. Sixth ventral not concave or emarginate. 

/. Last dorsal with four teeth ; elytra coarsely and irregularly 
punctured; female as in flavipennis. circumcinctus. 
U. Last dorsal with three teeth ; elytra coarsely and evenly 
punctured ; female as in luridus. nitiduloides. 

849 (260S). Tachinus mem nonius Grav., Men. Col. Micr., 1806, 192. 
Uniform piceous, moderately shining; legs and antenme reddish-brown. 

Thorax one-half longer than wide, sides broadly curved, hind angles obtuse ; 
disk minutely alutaceous. Elytra together one-third longer than wide, finely 
alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; probably throughout. Octo- 
ber 4-November 8. Occurs in decaying fungi. 

850 (2613). Tachinus repandus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VI, 1877, 97. 
Piceous, shining, very finely alutaceous ; sides and base of thorax red- 
dish-yellow; antenna? long, slender, piceous, the two basal joints paler; legs 
dull yellow. Head, thorax and elytra very minutely punctulate. Elytra as 
broad as long. Abdominal segments wrinkled at middle. Last ventral of 
male deeply divided, the lobes straight. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Putnam County ; rare. September 25. 

T. scrutator Horn, dark reddish yellow, 3.5 mm. in length, was 
described from Illinois, while T. parallelus Horn, 6-6.5 mm. in 
length, piceous, with thorax, elytra, legs and antennae reddish- 
brown, is recorded from Illinois and Canada. 

851 (2619). Tachinus flavipennis Dej., Cat., 1836. 

Head and thorax black, shining ; elytra pale clay yellow ; antenme 
dusky, the basal joints and legs reddish-brown ; abdomen and under sur- 
face piceous. Head and thorax very finely and indistinctly punctate. Ely- 
tra together scarcely longer than wide, minutely punctate. Abdomen finely 
punctured above, more coarsely beneath. Length 6 mm. 

Kosciusko County; frequent locally. June 24. Taken from 
white fleshy fungi. 



446 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINILVE. 



S52 (2620). Tachinus ltjridus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 920. 

Head black ; legs, sides of thorax, basal two-thirds, sides and tip of 
elytra dull yellow ; antennae reddish-brown, the four basal joints paler ; un- 
der surface and abdomen piceous. Head and thorax minutely alutaceous. 
very finely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra together one-third longer than 
wide, more distinctly alutaceous, sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen 
punctured as elytra, almost smooth beneath. Length 5-5.6 mm. 

Laporte County ; rare. May 7. 

853 (2621). Tachinhs fimbriates Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 191. 
Head and thorax black, shining; elytra pale chestnut brown, tip nar- 
rowly piceous ; antenna? black, four basal joints and the last one pale ; ab- 
domen, under surface and legs piceous. Head and thorax finely alutaceous, 
minutely punctate. Elytra^ together as wide as long, minutely alutaceous, 
rather coarsely and irregularly punctate, some of the punctures in evident 
rows. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctulate above, more coarsely beneath. 
Length 7-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 11-October 6. Occurs 
in fleshy fungi. Our largest and broadest species. The first two 
ventrals of both sexes are carinate between the hind coxaa. 

T. picipes Erichs, uniform piceous, 7-8 mm. in length, occurs 
from Canada to Virginia ; T. schwarzi Horn, also piceous and 8 mm. 
in length, has been taken at Detroit and near Cincinnati; T. lim- 
batus Melsh., 7-7.5 mm. in length, is known from the Middle States 
and near Cincinnati. 

854 (2626). Tachinus pallipes Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 20. 
Piceous black, shining ; legs, margin of thorax, base and sides of elytra 

and four basal joints of antenme. reddish-yellow. Head and thorax finely 
alutaceous, minutely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra slightly longer than 
"wide, finely but distinctly punctured, finely alutaceous. Abdomen more 
finely punctured than elytra. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 21-October 4. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and on fungi. Also taken in numbers March 16 
from beneath a mass of old honeycomb. 

T. circumcinctus Makl., piceous, elytra chestnut brown, length 
4.5 mm., is a boreal species recorded from Michigan and Kansas; 
T. nitiduloides Horn, piceous with sides of thorax and tips of elytra 
paler, length 3 mm., is said to be found from Canada to Maryland, 
and is reported from Cincinnati by Dury. 

LXIII. Tachyporus Grav. 1806. (Gr., "swift + to walk.") 

Short, broad, convex species having the abdomen abruptly taper- 
ing and beset with bristly hairs. The males have the front tarsi 
distinctly dilated, the sixth ventral triangularly notched and the 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



447 



last dorsal with entire hind margin. The females have the front 
tarsi feebly or not at all dilated, last ventral semi-circular and the 
last dorsal with four equal acute teeth. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYPORUS. 

(/. Form convex and rather robust. 

6. Color in great part pale reddish-brown or reddish-yellow, 
c. Elytra bicolored. 
d. Under surface piceous. 

e. Elytra with sides and an oblique discal spot on each black ; 
abdominal segments piceous at base. 855. maculipennis. 
ee. Elytra with basal half or two-thirds shining black; abdomen 
above reddish-yellow, the last two segments black. 

856. PULCIIRUS. 

dU. Under surface, except last two segments, pale ; elytra with scu- 
tellar blotch only black. 857. elegans. 

cc. Elytra uniform in color or slightly darker around the scutellum ; 
thorax and elytra paler than abdomen. 
f. Thorax not broader than elytra, rapidly narrower to apex. 

858. jocosus. 

ff. Thorax broader than elytra, its sides strongly curved. 

S59. CHRYSOMELINUS. 

bb. Color pitchy black ; apex of elytra paler ; femora and coxre piceous. 

NANUS. 

aa. Form more or less depressed, slender. 

g. Color dark fuscous brown to pitchy black ; elytra in part or wholly 
paler ; third joint of maxillary palpi normal. S60. scitulus. 

gg. Color reddish-yellow ; third joint of maxillary palpi stout. 

861. BRUNNEUS. 

*855 (2632). Tachyporus maculipennis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
1866. 374. 

Head black, smooth: thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, strongly 
shining; elytra each with an oblique spot near middle and an oblong one 
on side, black, these sometimes united ; basal portion of abdominal segments 
and under surface piceous; legs and antennae pale. v Thorax smooth, nearly 
twice as wide as long, not wider than elytra, sides curved, hind angles ob- 
tuse. Elytra together wider than long, slightly longer than thorax, both 
they and abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 
3.5—4 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. February 10-Decem- 
ber 7. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. The tho- 
rax often has a dusky spot on glisk. 

856 ( ). Tachyporus pulchrus sp. nov. 

Reddish-yellow, strongly shining. Head, basal fourth of thorax, basal 
half or two-thirds of elytra and last two segments of abdomen, black: un- 
der surface piceous. Elytra without visible punctures, very sparsely and 
finely pubescent. Length :» mm. 

[2\>— 23402] 



448 



FAMl LT XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; rare. March 13-December 
7. A handsome species which may prove to be the European 6b- 
tusus. 

S57 (2633). Tachypoeus elegans Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VI, 1877. 
103. 

Reddish-yellow, strongly shining; head, last two segments of abdomen 
and a circnmscntellar spot of elytra black. Antennae slightly longer than 
head and thorax, the latter as in maculipcntiis. Elytra and abdomen very 
finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent. Under surface of abdomen 
more distinctly punctured than above. Length 3.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. March 20. 

858 (2634). Tachypoeus jocosus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Boc., IV, 1834. 
466 ; ibid. II, 582. 

Piceous. shining; head black; thorax, elytra and legs reddish-yellow ; an- 
tennae dull yellow, the outer joints dusky. Thorax smooth, twice as wide 
as long, hind angles rounded. Elytra together as long as wide; surface, as 
well as that of abdomen, sparsely punctulate and pubescent. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Marion counties; rare. May 5-November 28. 
Described from Posey County and taken by Dury at Cincinnati, so 
that it probably occurs throughout the State. 

*S59 (2635). Tachypoeus cheysomklinus Linn.. Faun. Suec, 1746, 855. 

Head black ; thorax, elytra and legs reddish-yellow, polished ; antenna- 
dull yellow, outer joints darker ; abdomen, under surface and often a space 
about scutellum piceous. Thorax smooth, not twice as wide as long. Ely- 
tra and abdomen as in jocosus. Length 4 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. February 21-November 17. 
Occurs beneath logs, bark and other cover, especially in low open 
woodland. The thorax is often marked with an ill-defined dusky 
discal spot. 

T. nanus Erichs.. 3-3.5 mm. in length, occurs from Canada to 
Pennsylvania and has been taken near Cincinnati. 

860 (2638). Tachypoeus scitulus Erichs., Kafer Mark Brand., I. 1839, 
395. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Dark fuscous or pitchy black, shining ; an- 
tennae and legs pale : elytra usually paler at tips, sometimes almost wholly 
dull yellow. Thorax smooth, slightly broader than elytra, the sides and 
apical margins narrowly pale. Elytra together slightly broader than long, 
finely punctulate and pubescent. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; frequent locally. July 4-No- 
vember 22. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

*861 (2639). Tachypoeus brunneus Fab., Ent. Syst.. I. 1795, 535. 

Elongate, depressed. Reddish-yellow ; head piceous ; antennae and legs 
dull yellow ; abdomen darker than elytra. Thorax twice as wide as long. 



THE SHOET- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



449 



not wider than elytra, sides gradually narrowing from base to apex. Ely 
tra as wide as long, both they and abdomen sparsely punctulate and pubes- 
cent. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 7-November 1. Oc- 
curs beneath bark, dead leaves, etc., in open woodland. 

LXIV. Erchomus Mots. 1858. (Gr., "to enter.") 

Very small black or piceous species, having the mesosternum 
carinate, and front tarsi of male simple. Two of the four known 
species occur in the State. 

*862 (2644). Erchomus ventkiculus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 
1834, 466 ; ibid. II, 582. 
Short, broad, convex, narrowed behind. Black, strongly shining ; elytra 
and abdomen with a reddish-piceoiis tinge ; antennae and legs dark reddish- 
brown. Thorax twice as wide as long, as wide at base as elytra ; very finely 
and sparsely punctate. Elytra together one-third longer than wide, one- 
half longer than thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Abdomen, as ex- 
posed, shorter than elytra, minutely punctulate. Last ventral of male with 
a semicircular notch. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. April 5-December 25. Occurs 
in colonies beneath bark, especially that of elm and red oak. 

863 (2645). Erchomus l^vis Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 31. 

Similar to ventriculus in form and color. Differs in having the upper 
surface wholly smooth and last ventral of male triangularly notched. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April IS. Occurs beneath dead leaves. 
A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 

LXV. Conosoma Kraatz. 1858. (Gr., "cone + body. ") 

The lack of a margin on the sides of the abdomen especially dis- 
tinguishes this genus from all others of the tribe. The species are 
of small size, brown, piceous or black in color, and the segments of 
the abdomen are in death usually telescoped so that the abdomen as 
exposed extends but little beyond the elytra. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CONOSOMA. 

a. Mesosternum not carinate but obtusely elevated ; body subdepressed. 
&. Thorax piceous, hind angles broadly reddish-yellow. littokeum. 
1)1). Thorax dull yellow, apical half or third piceous. S64. knoxii. 

aa. Mesosternuin distinctly carinate. 

c. Middle tibiae with only one terminal spur. 
d. Body robust, convex ; hind angles broadly rounded ; elytra piceous. 
usually narrowly paler along the base. 865. ceassum. 



450 



FAMILY XT. — -STAPHYLTNTDiE. 



dd. Body more elongate, subdepressed ; hind angles of thorax acute; 
color wholly piceous. 866. elongata. 

cc. Middle tibia* with two distinct terminal spurs. 

c. Elytra without a row of bristle-bearing punctures along the margin. 
f. Abdominal segments without long seta? along the sides. 

g. Elytra densely punctulate, as long as wide ; length 4 mm. 

867. PUBESCENS. 

gg. Elytra smooth, each with three or four very fine raised lines ; 
length 2 mm. 868. cabinula. 

ff. Abdominal segments with long setse at the sides, arising from 
rather large deep punctures; elytra more or less reddish at 
base. 

h. Thorax with minute transverse strigse' between the punctures; 

elytra with entire basal margin red. 869. opicum. 

lih. Thorax very finely punctate, not strigose ; elytra with a red 
spot on base nearer the suture than the margin. 

870. BASALE. 

ee. Elytra with a row of bristle-bearing punctures along the sides; ab- 
domen with setas at the sides; pale reddish-yellow, elytra with 
tip and discal spot piceous. 871. sceiptum. 

C. littoreum Linn., a European species, 3.5-4 mm. in length, is 
known from Massachusetts and Canada, and has been recorded by 
Dnry from Cincinnati. 

864 (2647). Conosoma knoxii Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, 374. 

Oval, subdepressed. Head and apical third or more of thorax black, 
shining ; basal portion of thorax, a large oval space on each elytron, legs 
and base and apex of antenna- dull yellow ; abdomen reddish-yellow, its last 
three segments, the sides and apex of elytra, and the under surface piceous. 
Thorax broader than elytra, hind angles subacute, disk finely alutaceous 
and, as well as elytra, densely and very finely punctate and pubescent. 
Elytra one-third longer than wide. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. September 25-November 
28. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

*S65 (2648). Conosoma ceassum Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 190. 

Oval, convex. Piceous, sparsely clothed with fine pale brown pubes- 
cence; thorax and elytra usually with a narrow reddish space at base of 
each; antenna- dusky, the apical joint paler; under surface reddish-brown, 
the legs paler. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides regularly curved ; 
bind angles broadly rounded ; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra to- 
gether as long as wide, densely and more distinctly punctate than thorax. 
Length 3-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 21-November 17. 
Occurs beneath bark and on fungi. Our largest species. 

866 ( ). Conosoma elongata sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, shining, sparsely clothed with 
fine brownish-yellow pubescence; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



451 



slightly wider than elytra, sides very feebly curved; hind angles acute, 
slightly prolonged; disk finely alutaceous, minutely and densely punctate. 
Elytra together distinctly longer than wide, finely, densely and somewhat 
roughly punctate. Abdomen minutely and closely punctulate on basal por- 
tion. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake, Starke, Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. March 
26-November 17. Taken by sifting. The depressed form, much 
less curved sides and acute hind angles of thorax readily distin- 
guish this from crassum, with which it has heretofore been con- 
fused. 

867 (2651). Conosoma pubescens Payk., Monog. Carab. App., 1790, 138. 
Oval, robust, convex. Dark chestnut brown, moderately shining, sparsely 

clothed with silken pubescence ; antennas and legs somewhat paler. Thorax 
slightly wider than elytra, sides feebly curved, hind angles subacute, slightly 
prolonged; disk very minutely punctulate. Elytra rather densely and 
minutely punctulate. Length 4 mm. 

Lawrence County; scarce. July 29. Taken from decaying 
fleshy fungi. 

868 ( ). Conosoma cakinula sp. nov. 

Broadly oval. Uniform piceous, highly polished, smooth and glabrous ; 
antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax as wide as elytra, sides feebly 
curved, hind angles rectangular. Elytra together wider than long, wholly 
without punctures, each with three or four fine, straight ruga? or raised 
lines on disk and a few oblique ones on sides. Length 2 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. October 6. Taken from beneath bark of 
red oak. 

869 (2654). Conosoma oncuM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 467; 

ibid. II, 583. 

Oval, convex. Piceous, shining, finely pubescent; elytra each with a 
broad reddish basal cross-band: abdominal segments paler at apex; an- 
tennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides 
regularly curved; hind angles rectangular; disk sparsely and finely punc- 
tate, minutely strigose or alutaceous between the punctures. Elytra slightly 
broader than long, rather densely and finely punctulate. Abdominal seg- 
ments each with a seta from the sides of the upper surface and two at the 
margin. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 6-November 17. Occurs 
beneath the bark of fungus covered logs. 

870 (2653). Conosoma basale Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 225. 
Form and color of opicum. Thorax not strigose or alutaceous between 

the punctures. Reddish basal cross-band of elytra not reaching the side 
margins, the humeri piceous. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-October 31. Prob- 
ably only a variety of opicum. 



452 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID2E. 



871 (2655). Conosoma sceiptum Horn. Trans. Amer. Knt. Soc, VI, 1S77, 
112. 

Broadly oval. Pale reddish-yellow, sparsely pubescent; thorax with a 
basal spot each side of middle and elytra with sides near apex and discal 
spot behind the middle, piceous; antennae, legs and under surface reddish- 
yellow. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, sides regularly curved, hind 
angles obtuse ; disk almost smooth. Elytra as long as wide, sparsely punc- 
tulate and with a row of about six larger punctures bearing stiff black hairs 
along the sides. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Putnam, Monroe and Lawrence counties ; scarce. May 13-July 
29. The color is variable, the thorax sometimes wholly piceous or 
wholly pale, and the spots of elytra may be united and enlarged. 
Occurs in fungi. 

Tribe IV. BOLETOBIINI. 

Elongate, slender, glabrous forms, having the head margined be- 
neath, the color often variegated and the elytral punctures, when 
present, in rows. Three genera represent the tribe, all of which 
occur in the State. 

KEY TO GENERA OF BOLETOBIINI. 

a. Elytra each with three rows of punctures. 

1). Maxillary palpi usually filiform ; size larger, 4-8 mm. 

LXVI. Boletobius. 
l)l>. Maxillary palpi awl-shaped ; size smaller, not over 4.5 mm. 

LXVII. Mycetoporus. 

act. Elytra each with about seven rows of punctures ; maxillary palpi with 
last joint conical, acute ; length 4^.5 mm. LXVIII. Bryoporus. 

LXVI. Boletobius Steph. 1832. (Gr., ' ' boleti + living in. ") 

In this genus the middle and hind tibiae are fringed at tip with 
unequal and rather coarse spinules. The thorax is punctured on 
the margins with disk smooth ; rows of elytral punctures arranged 
one near suture, one on disk arc! one near margin. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BOLETOBIUS. 

a. Maxillary palpi elongate, slender, glabrous. 

1). Head oval or moderately elongate, never widest at base. 
c. Abdomen of one color. 
a. Joints 5-10 of antennas distinctly wider than long. 

6. Elytra uniform black or piceous. niger. 
ee. Elytra black, the apex and broad dorsal stripe dull yellow. 

AXILLARIS. 

del. Joints 5-10 of antennas distinctly longer than wide ; elytra witb 
black spots. 

f. Thorax in part piceous or black ; head oval. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



453 



g, Disk of thorax entirely piceous, the side and basal margins 

narrowly pale. S72. ciixcticollis. 

00- Thorax with a large black spot in each front angle, the two 
rows united at middle. 873. anticus. 

ff. Thorax wholly reddish-brown or reddish-yellow. 

h. Dorsal row of elytra with few punctures ; male with a dis- 

tinct tubercle on the sixth ventral. 874. ptgmjxs. 

hit. Dorsal row of elytra with numerous punctures. 

875. TRINOTATUS. 

cc. Abdomen bi colored, red, the last two segments black ; dorsal row 
with few punctures. 876. cixctits. 

hi). Head very elongate, twice or more longer than wide, widest at base ; 
thorax entirely black ; legs piceous. qlm:sitor. 
aa. Maxillary palpi short, stout, third joint sometimes pubescent. 
i. Antenna? with joints 5-10 wider than long. 
/. Elytra bicolored, black, the basal half red. S77. dimidiatus. 

jj. Elytra wholly dull reddish. 878. ixtruscs. 

ii. Antenna* slender, the joints longer than wide ; black, the elytra and 
often the thorax reddish-brown, legs pale. 879. cingulatus. 

B. niger Grav., 7-11 mm., and B. axillaris Grav., 5-7 mm. in 
length, have both been taken by Dury at Cincinnati. The latter is 
a southern species which will be found, if at all. only in the southern 
third of the State. 

872 ( 2661). Boletobius cincticollis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV. 
1834, 465 ; ibid. II, 581. 
Piceous, shining ; legs and base and sides of thorax dull yellow : elytra 
reddish-yellow with a large black spot near outer apical angle : antenna? 
with three basal joints pale. Thorax not broader than elytra, hind angles 
obtuse. Elytra slightly longer than wide ; the sutural and marginal rows 
of punctures fine, distinct, dorsal row very faint. Abdomen sparsely punc- 
tate, the hind margins of the segments paler. Length 3.5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. May 11-October 10. Occurs 
beneath bark, dead leaves and rotten wood. 

S73 (2662). BoLETOBirs anticus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. YI. 1S77. 
117. 

Piceous or dusky yellow ; base of thorax and elytra pale reddish-yellow : 
apical portion of thorax, a large spot at the outer apical angle of each ely- 
tron and often a scutellar spot black : antenna? piceous. the apical and four 
basal joints of former and the legs paler. Thorax slightly broader at base 
than elytra, hind angles obtuse. Elytra slightly longer than wide, discal 
row of punctures distinct, the other two rows faint. Abdomen as in cincti- 
collis. Length 4-5 mm. 

One in TVolcott collection from Millers. Lake County. July 13. 
A member of the boreal fauna. 



454 



FAMILY XI. STAP1IYLINTDJE. 



874 (2663). Boletobius pygm^eus Fab., Spec. Ins., 1781. 339. 
Resembles anticus. Thorax entirely pale. Elytra with a triangular 

scutellar spot and a larger one near the outer angle black. Thorax at base 
slightly narrower than elytra, hind angles obtuse, not broadly rounded. 
Elytra as wide as long, the sutural and marginal punctures very faint. 
Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Kosciusko and Lawrence counties : rare. June 19-July 29. 

875 (2664). Boletobius trixotatus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 279. 
Color and form of pygmwus. Elytra each with a sutural, discal and 

submarginal row of numerous punctures. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

One species labeled "Ind." in the Webster collection. Ranges 
from Massachusetts to Michigan and has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati. The dark scutellar spot of elytra is often absent. 
S76 (2666). Boletobils cixctus Gray., Mon. Col. Micr., 1S06, 193. 

Reddish-yellow, shining; head, under surface, a large spot near outer 
apical angle of elytra and last two segments of abdomen black, shining: 
antenna? piceous. the apical and four basal joints and the legs dull yellow. 
Thorax as broad at base as elytra, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra 
as broad as long, discal row with three or four punctures, those of the 
other rows very faint. Abdomen very sparsely punctate. Length 4.5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 6-October 6. Occurs 
on fungi, especially that growing in clumps at base of oak stumps. 

B. qumsitor Horn. 7-10 mm. in length, was described from New 
York and Illinois and is recorded from Cincinnati. 

877 (2658). Boletobius dimidiatus Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 276. 
Piceous. shining; antenna? piceous. the basal joints paler: basal half 

and very narrow apical border of elytra dull red : legs dull yellow. Thorax 
slightly broader than elytra at base: sides broadly curved, hind angles 
rounded. Elytra together as long as wide, the punctures very faint. Ab- 
domen sparsely and coarsely punctate, the hind margins of segments paler. 
Length 4-5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. May 11. Taken from fungi. In one 
specimen the pale portion of elytra is extended along the suture to 
apex. 

878 ( 2660). Boletobius iXTKVsrs Horn. Trans. Amer. Edt. Soc. VI. 1877. 

115. 

riceous. shining: elytra dull red: thorax either black or dusky red; 
antenna? dusky, the basal joints pale ; legs dull yellow. Thorax as wide at 
base as elytra, the hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra together longer 
than wide: sutural and dorsal rows of punctures distinct, marginal row 
faint. Abdomen sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 5-6 mm. 

Marion. Lawrence and Posey counties: rare. April 11-Decem- 
ber 7. Occurs beneath bark of fungus covered logs. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



455 



879 (2659). Boletobius cingulatus Mann., Nouv. Arrang. Brachl., 1830, 04. 

Black, shining; elytra and often the thorax dull red; legs reddish-yel- 
low; antennse piceous, the terminal and two basal joints pale; abdomen 
pieeous, the apical half of fifth and sometimes the sixth segment reddish. 
Thorax slightly broader at base than elytra, hind angles rounded. Elytra 
slightly longer than wide, sutural and marginal rows of punctures fine, dor- 
sal row obsolete. Abdomen sparsely and coarsely punctured and pubescent. 
Length 7 mm. 

Lake and Steuben counties; rare. May 21- July 6. A northern 
species ranging from Pennsylvania to Canada and Oregon. Re- 
sembles intrusus but larger, the elytra more distinctly red and the 
antenna! joints mostly longer than wide. 

LXVII. Mycetoporus Mann. 1830. (Gr., "mushroom + to 

walk.") 

Small, slender species having the elytra smooth and shining, 
with three (rarely four) rows of punctures bearing fine setae, these 
placed one row in the sutural channel, one extending from humerus 
to tip, the third along the side margin. The thorax always has four 
punctures along the apical margin, two basal, three on each side 
margin and two, one behind the other, between the middle of disk 
and side margin. Two of the species have two additional "discal" 
punctures. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCETOPORUS. 

a. Thorax with two discal punctures slightly behind the middle. 

6. Elytra with one discal row of punctures. 880. americanus. 

hi). Elytra with two rows of discal punctures. 881. consors. 

da. Thorax without discal punctures. 

a Middle and hind tibise with coarse unequal spinules at tip ; third 
joint of maxillary palpi slender, similar to second. 

882. HUMIDUS. 

cc. Middle and hind tibiae with a dense fringe of equal spinules at tip. 
d. Abdomen reddish-yellow, each segment paler at tip ; elytra not dis- 
tinctly bicolored. 883. splendidus. 
(Id. Abdomen reddish-brown, its last two segments black ; elytra bicol- 
ored, piceous at base, apical third red. flavicollis. 

880 (2674). Mycetoporus americanus Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840.285. 

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; elytra some- 
times piceous with only a small humeral spot and narrow apical space red- 
dish-brown, more often wholly reddish-brown except a dark scutellar space : 
legs and basal joints of antennae paler. Thorax with two small punctures 
just behind the middle in addition to the usual marginal ones. Elytra as 
long as wide, with the usual rows of punctures and one to three additional 
punctures near apex inside of the humeral row. Abdomen sparsely pubes- 



456 



FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINlDiE. 



cent and coarsely and sparsely punctured, the hind margins of the segments 
paler. Middle and hind tibiae with spinules as in humidus. Length 2.5- 
3.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 26-November 26. 
Taken by sifting. This species is usually known as lucidulus. 

881 (2673). Mycetoportts consoes Lee, N. Sp. N. Arner. Col., I, 1863, 31. 
More robust than americanus, which it resembles in color, the elytra 

piceous with an oblique reddish spot on basal third. Punctures of elytra 
in four rows; the sutural row faint, the discal and dorsal rows distinct 
with ten to twelve punctures in each, the submarginal row with five or six. 
Length 3.5 mm. 

Starke County ; rare. May 19. A single specimen sifted from 
sphagnum moss. Known heretofore only from Michigan. 

882 (2671). Mycetoportjs humidus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1831, 

465 ; ibid. II, 581. 

Elongate, slender. Color variable; either (a) dark reddish- or chest- 
nut brown with elytra darker at sides and along the suture, the abdominal 
segments reddish-piceous, paler at tips; or (l>) reddish-yellow with the ab- 
domen reddish-piceous ; legs reddish-brown or paler. Thorax smooth, shin- 
ing, slightly broader than base of elytra, disk with the usual punctures. 
Elytra as long as wide, shining, the three rows of punctures feebly im- 
pressed. Abdomen sparsely pubescent, sparsely and finely punctured above, 
more coarsely beneath. Length 3-1.5 mm. 

Lake, Posey and Jefferson counties ; scarce. March 26-June 5. 

Described from Posey County. 

883 (2676). Mycetoporus splendidus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 21. 
Elongate, rather robust. Head piceous ; thorax and elytra reddish-yel- 
low, strongly shining ; abdomen reddish-brown, the segments paler behind ; 
antenna and legs dull yellow, the former with middle portion dusky. Tho- 
rax slightly broader than elytra, without discal punctures. Elytra together 
slightly longer than wide, sutural row of punctures distinctly-impressed, the 
humeral row very faint. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctured, sparsely 
pubescent. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Pulaski, Starke and Marion counties; scarce. April 28-June 19. 
M. flavicollis Lee, length 4 mm., is known from Michigan, Geor- 
gia and Florida. 

LXVIII. Bryoporus Kraatz. 1856. (Gr., " moss + to walk.") 

Small, slender species having the last joint of maxillary palpi as 
wide at base as second and distinctly conical ; elytral punctures in 
about seven rows; front and middle tibiae with a dense fringe of 
spinules at apex ; hind tarsi longer than in Bolitobius; thorax with 
the marginal punctures as in Mycetoporus, the apical and basal 
ones more distant from the margin. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



457 



884 (2670). Bbyoporus rtjfescens Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 33. 
Elongate, rather robust. Head, under surface and abdomen piceous; 

antennae, thorax, elytra and legs dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax wider 
at middle than elytra, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra together longer 
than wide, with seven rows of coarse, shallowly impressed punctures. Ab- 
domen sparsely pubescent, sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, the last 
two segments and the hind margins of the others paler. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; more so in the southern coun- 
ties. March 20-June 17. Occurs beneath bark and rubbish. Much 
more robust than the next species, with the elytra! punctures much 
coarser and in regular rows. 

885 ( ). Bbyopobus testaceus Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I., 1863, 33. 

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous; elytra reddish- 
brown, often with an indefinite sutural blotch darker; under surface and 
abdomen dark reddish-brown, the segments of latter paler at apex; an- 
tennae dusky, paler at base; legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax as wide at 
base as elytra, smooth, strongly shining. Elytra distinctly longer than 
wide, the punctures of sutural row distinct, the others small, faint and m 
somewhat irregular rows. Abdomen pubescent, rather finely and sparsely 
punctate. Length 2.7-3 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. March 20-Octo- 
ber 14. Taken by sifting. Resembles Mycetoporus americanus but 
without the discal punctures of thorax. This species was suppressed 
by Horn, and afterward redescribed as parvulus by Casey. 

Tribe V. HABROCERINI. 

This tribe is represented in the United States by a single genus, 
Habrocerus, having the hind coxae broadly triangular, concealing a 
part of the femora in repose; head denexed, antennas slender, hair- 
like; abdomen margined. One small piceous form, H. schwarzi 
Horn, 2 mm. in length, having the elytra pale clay yellow, finely and 
very sparsely punctate, was described from Detroit and probably 
occurs in northern Indiana. 

Subfamily VI. PHLOEOCH A RIN AE. 

Slender, depressed species having the antennae inserted under 
the sides of the front, 11- jointed, straight, the outer joints but little 
thicker; head without ocelli; presternum behind the front coxae 
membranous ; abdomen elongate, margined, with but six ventral seg- 
ments visible, the second with a longitudinal elevation at middle ; 
tarsi 5-jointed. The subfamily is represented in Canada, Michigan 
and perhaps northern Indiana by two genera. 



458 



FAMILY XI. — STAPH YLINIDiE. 



KEY TO GENERA OE PHLCEOCHARIN^E. 

a. Thorax not carinate ; maxillary palpi filiform ; mandibles simple. 

Omsteuerus. 

aa. Thorax with four carina?; maxillary palpi, awl-shaped; mandibles 
toothed. Pseudopsis. 

Pseudopsis columbica Fauv., reddish-brown, 2.5-3.5 mm. in 
length has been taken in numbers near Detroit. 

Subfamily VII. EUAESTHETINAE, 

Small, rather slender species having the antennae inserted before 
the eyes at the base of the labrnm ; tarsi four-jointed ; eyes moderate 
in size, convex, coarsely granulated, located very close to the base of 
head; labrnm usually denticulate in front; antennae, mouth parts 
and thorax much as in the subfamily Steninas. Three genera repre- 
sent the subfamily in the United States. Specimens of but one of 
these have been taken in Indiana, though those, of the others may 
occur. The only paper treating of the subfamily is by : 

Casey. — "Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Cole- 
opterology of the United States," Part I, 1884 (published 
privately) . The genera Eumsthetus and Edaphus are treated 
on pp. 18-31. 

KEY TO GENERA OF EIL3LSTHETTNJE. 

a. Abdomen margined. 

6. Labrnm with a row of comb-like teeth in front; head between the 
eyes convex ; thorax without fovea near base ; first dorsal segment 
of abdomen without a carina. LXIX. Eumsthetus. 

hit. Labrnm without teeth; head bi-impressed between the eyes; thorax 
with several deep foveas along the base ; first dorsal with a median 
carina. Edaphus. 
aa. Abdomen not margined. Stictocranius. 

LXIX. Eumsthetus Grav. 1806. (Gr., "easily perceived. ") 

Ten species of this genus are listed by Casey, loc. cit.; nine of 
which he describes as new. Two of the ten have been taken in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EU2ESTHETUS. 

a. Elytral suture distinctly shorter than thorax ; color pale reddish-brown ; 
length 1-1.2 mm. 886. Florida. 

aa. Elytral suture as long as thorax; color piceous; length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

887. AMERICANUS. 

886 (2474). Eumsthetus florid^ Casey, Contrib. Coleop., I, 1884, 21. 

Elongate, slender. Pale reddish-brown ; finely and sparsely pubescent. 
Head slightly wider than long, rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Tho- 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGE!! BEETLES. 



459 



i-ax widest just behind the middle, where it is a little broader than long 
and slightly broader than head; disk, as well as that of elytra, coarsely and 
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra at base equal in width to thorax, the su- 
tural striae deep. Abdomen smooth, strongly margined toward the base. 
Length 1-1.2 mm. 

Floyd County; rare. May 24. Two specimens taken by Dury 
while sifting, and now in his collection. 

887 (2480). Eujesthettjs American's Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, r47. 

Elongate, rather robust. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown; an- 
tennae and legs paler. Head slightly wider than long, nearly as wide as 
thorax, coarsely and rather closely punctate. Thorax one-third broader 
than long : sides broadly rounded to behind middle, thence rapidly converg- 
ing to base: disk coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra at base one-half 
wider than thorax, finely, evenly and rather closely punctate. Abdomen at 
base as wide as elytra, rather finely punctate. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties ; rare. May 25- June 25. Taken 
by sifting debris from margins of sphagnum bogs. 

One species of Edaphus is known from near Washington, D. C, 
Alabama and Louisiana, and one of Stictocranius from the former 
locality. They resemble members of the family Pselaphidae very 
closely and occur under old leaves and in nests of ants. 

Subfamily VIII. OXYPORINAE. 

Elongate, robust species having the antennae 11 -jointed, inserted 
under the side margin of the front ; head very large, usually wider 
than thorax ; eyes small, not prominent ; mandibles long, crossing at 
an angle; mentum with a bifid tooth at middle: last joint of labial 
palpi very large, lunate; middle coxa? at the sides of the breast: 
tarsi five-jointed ; abdomen strongly margined. The subfamily is 
represented by the single genus : 

LXX. Oxyporus Fab. 1792. (Gr.. "to run.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in the 
United States by 13 nominal species, eight of which have been taken 
or probably occur in Indiana. All of the species feed upon fleshy 
fungi. They are treated by : 

LeConte.—In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VI. 1877. 211-215: VIII. 
1880. 180. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYPORUS. 

a. Elytra with the sides finely rugose: black; elytra pale, suture and sides 
black : tibiae and tarsi pale. femokalis. 
aa. Elytra polished, with the usual stria- and punctures. 



460 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



b. Legs black. 

c. Sides of thorax feebly rounded ; elytra pale, with suture, sides and 

.a narrow stripe black. majok. 
cc. Sides of thorax much rounded; elytra wholly black. 

888. STYGICUS. 

bb. Legs yellow. 

d. Color above wholly or in great part black or piceous. 
e. Elytra in part at least dull yellow. 

f. Suture and sides of elytra black. 889. vjttatus. 

ff. Suture and outer apical angles black. fasciatus. 
ee. Elytra wholly black ; under surface pale yellow. bicoloe. 
del. Color above reddish-yellow. 

g. Sides of elytra fuscous. 890. lateralis. 

gg. Spot on head, two on thorax and part of dorsal surface of ab- 
domen, black. 891. occipitalis. 

0. femoralis Grav., 7-7.5 mm. and 0. major Grav., 9 mm. in 
length, have both been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati. 

888 (2692). Oxypoeus stygicus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 1834, 
459 ; ibid. II, 575. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, strongly shining; antennae piceous, 
joints 2 to 5 and the tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax widest at middle, thence 
much narrowed to base, sides strongly rounded ; surface, as well as that of 
head, smooth. Elytra together one-half wider and one-third longer than 
thorax, each with a subsutural and two discal striae, the former finely, the 
latter more coarsely punctate, and with a number of coarse, scattered punc- 
tures intervening. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, smooth. 
Length 6.5-8.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. June 11 -November 4. 

8S9 (2693). Oxypoeus vittatus Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 195. 

Oblong, robust. Black or piceous, shining; elytra dull clay yellow, the 
suture and a stripe on sides, gradually widening from humerus to apex, 
black ; legs and base of antennae reddish-yellow. Head slightly wider than 
thorax, the base very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, sides strongly curved, the base much narrower than apex, disk 
smooth. Elytra one-third wider and distinctly longer than thorax, with a 
sutural and two discal rows of rather fine punctures and a number of 
coarser scattered ones. Abdomen as wide as elytra, smooth, the tip of the 
last segment pale. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties; frequent. July 2-October 9. Occurs 
especially in clumps of overlapping fungi at base of stumps. 

0. fasciatus Melsh. and 0. bicolor Fauv., are in all probability 
only color varieties of vittatus. I have included them in the key, 
that the variation may be noted, though authentic specimens of 
neither are in the collection at hand. 



THE SHOUT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



461 



890 (2696). Oxyporus lateralis Grav., Men. Col. Micr., 1806, 195. 
Elongate-oblong, robust. Reddish-yellow; sides of elytra with a black 

or fuscous stripe, starting one-third behind humerus and gradually widen- 
ing to apex; legs pale yellow. Head of male slightly narrower, of female 
as wide as, thorax; surface, with that of latter, very finely alutaceous, 
not punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly rounded. 
Elytra one-half longer and distinctly wider than thorax, with a sutural 
and one discal row of fine punctures with scattered coarser ones interven- 
ing. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Lake and Putimm counties; scarce. October 7-November 9. 

Taken on the latter dale beneath partly buried logs, and probably 

hibernates. 

891 (2692). Oxyporus occipitalis Fauv., Mars. Abeille, I, 1864, 369. 
Form of lateralis. Color in part given in key. Elytra black, each with 

a triangular basal spot reddish-yellow; abdomen with a small black spot 
on middle of second and third, and a much larger one on fourth and fifth, 
dorsal segments. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides strongly curved. 
Elytra with numerous very coarse punctures between the sutural and discal 
striae. Length 6 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce. October 7-October 20. 
The elytra are sometimes colored very nearly as in lateralis, but are 
much more coarsely punctured than there. This may also prove to 
be only a color variety of vittatus. 

Subfamily IX. OXYTELINAE. 

Small, usually slender species having the antennae 11- (rarely 
10-) jointed, inserted under the sides of the front, the latter more or 
less prolonged before the eyes; front coxae usually large, conical and 
prominent; middle coxa- contiguous (separated in Oxytelus). The 
subfamily as above defined is separated into six tribes, four of which 
are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF OXYTELINiE. 

a. Front coxa? conical, prominent. 

7). Head without ocelli or simple eyes. 

c, Abdomen margined. Tribe I. Oxytelini, p. 462. 

cc. Abdomen not margined; form cylindrical. 

Tribe II. Osoriini, p. 473. 

hi). Head with two ocelli usually placed on a line joining the hind mar- 
gin of the eyes ; form broad and depressed ; elytra usually covering 
half or more the length of abdomen. Tribe III. Omaliini, p. 474. 
aa. Front coxse transverse; head without ocelli; prosternum horn-like be- 
hind the eoxrc. Tribe IV. Proteinini, p. 482. 



462 



FAMILY XT. STAPH YLINIDiE. 



Tribe I. OXYTELINI. 

In this tribe the antennae are more or less elbowed ; first joint of 
maxillary palpi short; second ventral without ridges; tarsi in all of 
our genera but one. three- jointed. The following genera are known 
to be or are probably represented in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OXYTELINI. 

(/. Antennae 10-jointed; eyes very large; tarsi 5-jointed. 

LXXI. Megalops. 

aa. Antennae 11-jointed; tarsi 3- jointed. 

b. Front tibia- more or less spinous on outer margin. 

c. Front tibia? with two rows of spines; body subcylindrical ; an- 
tenna? strongly elbowed. LXXII. Bledius. 
cg. Front tibiae with a single row of spines;, body depressed. 

d. Middle tibia? also with a single row of spines. Platystethus. 
dd. Middle tibiae without spines ; middle coxae not contiguous. 

LXXIII. Oxytelits. 

lib. Tibia? all pubescent and without spines. 

e. Scutellum not visible. LXXIY. Trogophlceus. 

ce. Scutellum visible. 

f. Head strongly constricted behind ; body glabrous. 

LXXY. Apocellis. 

ff. Head not constricted behind ; body pubescent ; last joint of max- 
illary palpi awl-shaped. Thinobius. 

LXXI. Megalops Bej. 1833. (Gi\, "big + eye.") 

Short robust species, resembling those of Oxy- 
porus in form, having the eyes larger than in 
Stenus; thorax coarsely and irregularly punc- 
tured and marked with a few transverse furrows 
on the sides. (Fig. 166.) 

892 (2685). Megalops c.elatus Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr.. 
1806, 197. 

Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, shining; elytra 
with an oblique reddish stripe, extending from huine- 

Fig. 166. Megalom cepha- , , , . , 

lotes Erichs. x 8. (After 1 us to suture at apex ; legs and antennae reddish-brown. 
Secies. A S ° Uth Ameri " the latter shorter than head, the last joint very large. 

fuscous, Head wider than thorax, coarsely, sparsely 
and rugosely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide as long; disk with 
a number of large tubercles in addition to the coarse punctures. Elytra 
one-third wider and slightly shorter than thorax, very coarsely, roughly 
and irregularly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, almost 
smooth. Length 4-A.o mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 7. Occurs beneath bark of fungus 
covered beech los:s. 




THE SHOBT-WINGEI) SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



463 



893 (2686). Megalops rcfipes Lee. N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 51. 

Resembles cwlatus. Elytra each with a small red spot on humerus 
and another at the inner apical angle. Head and thorax punctate as in 
ccelatus, the thorax 'with two impressions each side. Elytra much smoother, 
the disk with two abbreviated rows of coarse deep punctures. Length 3 mm. 

Knox County ; rare. June 9. One specimen from beneath bark 
at edge of cypress swamp. Described from Georgia. 

LXXII. Bledius Leach. 1832. (A proper name.) 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical species having the tarsi 3- 
jointed; head smaller and narrower than thorax, base scarcely con- 
stricted; middle coxa? contiguous; front tibiae with two rows of fine 
spines on outer side. The genus is a very large one, and the species 
exceedingly difficult to separate. The great majority of the North 
American species of this and the other genera of Oxytelini are 
treated in the following papers : 

LeConte. — "On certain Genera of Staphyliniche, as represented 
in the Fauna of the United States,'' in Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc, VI, 1877. 213-248. 
Casey. — " Coleopterological Notices." in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

V, 1889, 11-89 ; VII, 381-398. 
LeConte divides the species into five groups, four of which are 
probably represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF BLEDIUS. 

a. Thorax without an edge on sides or prosternal sutures beneath. 

Group A. 

a a. Thorax with the edge on sides well defined. 
b. Prosternal sutures distinct. 

c. Fissure at side of front coxal cavities short, closed. Group B. 
cc. Fissure of front coxal cavities open and large, extending two- 
thirds the distance from the coxa to the side. Group C. 
hit. Prosternal sutures obliterated ; fissures of front coxal cavities short, 
closed ; hind angles of thorax obtuse. Group D. 

Group A. 

Rather large brownish-yellow species, not shining, finely gran- 
ulate, not strongly punctured. Thorax broader than long, truncate 
in front, sides parallel, suddenly and strongly narrowed from 
middle to base ; hind angles wanting, disk with a distinct median 
line. Two . of the seven species recognized by LeConte have been 
taken in Illinois and doubtless occur in Indiana. They are: 

B. gularis Lee. 7.5 mm. in length, having the head, suture, diago- 
nal tip of elytra and last two abdominal segments blackish ; gula 
[30—23402] 



464 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLHSTIDiE. 



with a very deep triangular excavation, and B. pallipennis Say, 9 
mm. in length, with head blackish, suture and tips of elytra fuscous; 
gula with a shallow excavation. 

Geoup B. 

Small or medium-sized species having the side margins of thorax 
acute, the flanks concave; mandibles stout, strongly toothed near 
the tip ; rows of spines on front tibia 1 widely separated. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Side pieces of presternum very distinctly triangular, the sutures di- 
rected to the front angles of the thorax. 
1). Head coarsely punctured; chestnut brown, shining; elytra and legs 
paler. semifebbugineus. 
1)1). Head not or obsoletely punctured; thorax not wider than long, 
coarsely punctured ; chestnut brown, elytra and abdomen reddish- 
brown. 894. FUMATUS. 
aa. Side pieces of prosternum not triangular, the sutures parallel with the 
side margin of the under surface or flank of thorax, 
c. Reddish-brown ; head and thorax darker ; tip of abdomen black. 

895. analis. 

cc. Blackish-brown; elytra, antennce and legs brown; dorsal impressed 
line of thorax wanting. , nitidicollis. 

B. semiferrugineus Lee, 4.5 in length, occurs from Michigan to 
Florida and has been taken near Cincinnati. No authentic speci- 
men has been seen from the State. 

894 (2719). Bledies fumatus Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 52. 
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dark chestnut or reddish-brown, shin- 
ing ; head and thorax piceous, legs and tip of abdomen paler. Head finely 
granulate, sparsely and indistinctly punctulate. Thorax not wider than 
long, sides strongly rounded into base ; disk coarsely and rather closely 
punctate, the median line deep. Elytra slightly wider and more finely 
punctate than thorax. • Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, sparsely 
punctate above, more finely beneath. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; rare. May 30- July 18. 

895 (2723). Bledius analis Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col.. I, 1S63, 52. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pale reddish-brown; head, thorax 

and tip of abdomen black; elytra fuscous about the scutellum and along 
the suture to middle. Head finely granulate, sparsely and finely punctate. 
Thorax as wide as long, sides straight to behind middle, thence strongly 
rounded into base; disk not granulate, coarsely and rather closely punc- 
tate, the median line fine but distinct. Elytra deeply and rather closely 
punctate. Abdomen nearly smooth above, sparsely punctulate beneath. 
Length 4 mm. 

Lake, Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. May 12-July 10. 
Occurs under cover along the banks of streams and lakes. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SOAVENO I" I! I5K KT L KS. 



465 



B. nitidicollis Lee, 3 mm. in length, is recorded from New York, 
Michigan and Missouri. 

Group C. 

Small or medium sized forms having the side margin of thorax 
acute ; prosternal sutures straight ; mandibles with two acute teeth 
on the inner side ; fissure of front coxal cavities open and large. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE GROUP C. 

a. Head and thorax finely granulate, the former flattened. 

b. Size larger, 6-6.5 mm. ; median fovea of head very large ; elytra red- 
dish-brown, fuscous near scutellum. 896. borealis. 
lib. Size smaller, not over 4 mm. 

c. Head not punctate ; elytra piceous ; length 3.5 mm. 

897. STABILIS. 

cc. Head punctate; elytra reddish-brown. 

(1. Thorax with hind angles distinct, its disk less densely granu- 
late ; tip of abdomen darker than base. 89S. annularis. 
del. Thorax with hind angles indistinct, rounded, its disk very dense- 
ly granulate ; abdomen black throughout. 899. confusus. 
oar. Head and thorax polished, the former convex, the latter without hind 
angles ; piceous, elytra dull yellow, the suture fuscous. 

900. emarginatus. 

896 ( ). Bledius borealis sp. nov. 

Elongate, robust, subdepressed. Black, shin- 
ing ; legs and elytra chestnut brown, the latter 
fuscous at middle of base, and for a short dis- 
tance along the suture ; antenna? dusky toward 
apex, slender. Head much narrower than tho- 
rax, very finely granulate, coarsely and sparsely 
punctate, the median fovea large and deep, the 
suture distinct. Thorax at apex slightly wider 
than long, sides straight and parallel for two- 
thirds their length, thence rapidly converging to 
base, the latter one-half as wide as apex ; disk 
convex, finely and densely granulate, coarsely 
and sparsely punctate, smooth along the middle 
and on apical third, median line fine ; hind an- 
gles small but distinct. Elytra scarcely wider 
and but slightly longer than thorax, finely and 
rather sparsely punctate. Abdomen above and beneath finely granulate, 
very sparsely and finely punctate. Length 6-6.5 mm. (Fig. 167.) 

Lake County ; rare. May 19-May 28. Three specimens from 
near Pine, beneath clumps of cactus. 

897 (9696). Bledius stabilis Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. V, 1SS9, 61. 
Elongate, rather robust, depressed. Black ; thorax and elytra piceous ; 

legs and antenna? toward base, dull yellow. Head distinctly narrower than 




466 



FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



thorax, densely granulate, not punctate ; vertex with a distinct but not 
large median fovea. Thorax nearly as broad as base of elytra, one-third 
wider than long; sides parallel and feebly curved for two-thirds their 
length, thence converging and feebly sinuate to base; disk convex, finely 
and sparsely punctate, median line fine but distinct, hind angles obtuse. 
Elytra one-half longer and at apex one-fourth wider than thorax; finely, 
deeply and rather closely punctate. Abdomen finely granulate, finely and 
very sparsely punctate above, more coarsely and somewhat closely beneath. 
Length 3.5 mm. \ 

Marion County ; rare. May 15. Described from Pennsylvania. 

898 (2730). Bledius annularis Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col.. I. 1863. 53. 
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and tip of abdomen black; elytra, 

base of abdomen and antennae reddish-brown ; legs dull yellow. Head finely 
granulate, sparsely and finely punctate, with a small fovea on vertex. Tho- 
rax not wider than long, sides rounded to behind middle, thence oblique 
and slightly sinuate to base ; disk finely granulate, sparsely, evenly and 
shallowly punctate, median line fine. Elytra finely, deeply but not closely 
punctate. Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, finely and very sparsely 
punctate. Length 3.S-4.5 mm. 

Marion County; rare. April 16. The hind margins of the 
dorsal segments of abdomen are often darker, thus causing it to 
appear indistinctly fasciate. 

899 (2731). Bledil s confusus Lee. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe, YI, 1877, 228. 
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black ; elytra and legs 

reddish-brown, the former fuscous in the region of the scutellum ; antenna? 
piceous. the base paler. Head less finely granulate, sparsely and finely 
punctate, with a small vertical fovea. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, 
sides straight to middle, thence rounded to base, the hind angles very ob- 
tuse ; disk sparsely and rather finely and irregularly punctate, the median 
line fine. Elytra deeply, rather finely and somewhat densely punctate. Ab- 
domen as in annularis. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Marsha 11 and Marion counties ; scarce. April 17- August 15. 

900 (2741). Bledius emarginatt's Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, IV, 1834, 

461 ; ibid. II. 577. 

Elongate, very slender. Black ; antenna?, legs and elytra pale, the lat- 
ter with suture dusky. Head convex, coarsely, deeply and sparsely punc- 
tate. Thorax a little wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk punc- 
tate like the head, the impressed median line evident but fine. Elytra finely 
and rather sparsely punctured, the sutural angle very widely rounded. Ab- 
domen very sparsely and finely punctate. Length 2-2.3 mm. 

Southern third of State ; frequent. May 1-August 17. Occurs 
along the sandy margins of streams. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



467 



Group D. 

Small, slender species having' the side margin of thorax acute, 
the flanks deeply but narrowly concave; prosternal sutures want- 
ing; coxal fissures short and closed; hind angles of thorax obtuse. 

901 (2745). Bledius coedatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 18.34, 461; 
ibid. II, 576. 

Elongate, very slender. Black ; elytra dull yellow with a wide fuscous 
sutural stripe ; antemise and legs dull yellow, the former dusky at tip. Head 
broad, flat, finely granulated. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides sub- 
parallel, rounded behind; disk finely granulate, very sparsely and irregu- 
larly punctate, the median line distinct. Elytra slightly wider and one- 
third longer than thorax, finely and rather densely punctate. Abdomen at 
base narrower than elytra, finely granulate, nearly smooth above, distinctly 
punctate beneath. Length 4 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 21. A sea-coast species which will 
probably be found all along the shore of Lake Michigan. 

Platystethus americanus Erichs. 7 3 mm. in length, black, shin- 
ing, elytra fusco-piceous, tibiae and tarsi pale, is recorded from Cin- 
cinnati, and very probably occurs in southern Indiana. 

LXXlIT. Oxytelus Grav. 1806. (Gr. ; "a pointed end.") 

Small, depressed black or piceous species having the head usu- 
ally as wide as thorax, the middle eoxag somewhat separated and the 
front tibia? with a single row of spines, 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYTELUS. 

a. Thorax coarsely sculptured, more or less shining. 

1). Head rounded immediately behind the eyes, which are large and 
prominent ; thoracic grooves deep ; length 3.5-4 mm. 

902. SCULPTUS. 

hi). Head prolonged behind the eyes, the latter moderate in size. 

c. Sides of thorax crenulate ; piceous, legs and base of antennae dull 
yellow ; front flat ; length 4.2-5 mm. . rtjgosus. 

cc. Sides of thorax entire. 

d. Front of head concave, its apical margin elevated ; outer thoracic 
groove feeble ; length 3.5-4.5 mm. 903. pennsylvanicus. 

del. Front of head flat, not margined at apex. 

e. Vertex flat, not channeled ; thorax strongly punctured ; male 
with apical margin of front extended forward in a short, 
sharp process ; length 2.5-3 mm. 904. insignitus. 

ee. Vertex convex, feebly channeled. 

f. Front polished ; dorsal grooves of thorax distinct ; length 
1.7-2 mm. 905. suspectus. 

ff. Front opaque; dorsal grooves obsolete; length 2.3 mm. 

906. PLACUSINI'S, 



468 



FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINIDiE. 



aa. Thorax very finely strigose, quite opaque. 

g. Dorsal segments of abdomen densely punctate; front tibia? obliquely 
emarginate on the outer side ; length 1.7 mm. tetkacaeinatus. 
gg. Dorsal segments smooth ; front tibiae slender, truncate at tip ; grooves 
of thorax feeble ; length 1.5-1.8 mm. 907. exiguus. 

902 ( 2749). Oxytelus scelptes Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 191. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous ; legs and base of antennae dull yel- 
low. Head small, narrower than thorax, finely and densely punctate and 
with a slight median groove on vertex. Thorax elliptical, angles all rounded ; 
disk rather closely punctured and with three entire grooves, the sides some- 
what concave. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer than thorax, 
rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen very finely and densely 
punctate. Seventh ventral of male with two narrow, deep notches, the 
median lobe broad, truncate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. April 14. 

0. rugosus Erichs.. occurs in Canada, Massachusetts and Penn- 
sylvania, and probably in northern Indiana, 

903 (2752). Oxytelus pennsylvanices Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 792. 
Elongate, depressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; elytra 

dull clay yellow; legs and basal joints of antenna; paler. Head slightly 
narrower than thorax, finely and rather closely punctate, the vertex rugose ; 
frontal margin broadly curved and elevated. Thorax three-fourths wider 
than long, sides rounded into base; disk finely and rather sparsely punc- 
tate, the median groove distinct, the two outer ones faint. Elytra slightly 
wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely, sparsely and rugosely punc- 
tate. Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, almost smooth. Male with 
two slight tubercles on hind margin of seventh ventral and head wider and 
more quadrate behind the eyes than in female. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Marshall, Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. April 17- 
June 24. 

904 (2755). Oxytelus insignites Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 188. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Black or piceous, shining; thorax dark red- 
dish-brown; elytra and base of antenna? dull yellow; legs paler. Head of 
male wider than thorax, quadrate, nearly smooth, strigose each side behind 
the eyes ; of female, not as wide as thorax, rounded behind the eyes, sparse- 
ly and finely punctate. Thorax truncate at apex, front angles almost rect- 
angular, sides rounded into base; disk rather coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tate, with three deep grooves, its sides concave. Elytra slightly wider and 
distinctly longer than thorax, finely and rather closely punctate, and finely 
longitudinally rugose. Abdomen minutely granulate, not punctate. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 5-October 4. Oc- 
curs in fungi, beneath bark and dead leaves. The mandibles of the 
male are very long, slender and scythe-shaped, 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAyENGEE BEETLE 



469 



905 (9715). Oxytelus suspectus Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. VII, 1893, 

395. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; elytra- piceous i legs fus- 
cous yellow. Head about as wide as thorax, male, distinctly narrower, fe- 
male, finely and sparsely punctate, the vertex with three slightly impressed 
grooves. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk 
coarsely, rather closely and roughly punctate, with three grooves, the me- 
dian one narrow, the others broad and shallow. Elytra slightly wider and 
one-third longer than thorax, sculptured as in insignitus. Abdomen smooth, 
polished. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 17- 
July 10. Sifted from damp vegetable debris. 

906 (2759). Oxyteli s placusixus Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1S77. 

237. 

Elongate, slender, depressed. Head and abdomen f usco-piceous ; tho- 
rax and elytra pale reddish-brown : legs pale yellow. Head narrower than 
thorax, as long as wide, finely and densely rugosely punctate behind, front 
nearly smooth. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight : 
apex truncate, hind angles obtuse : disk densely and rugosely punctate, the 
median groove faint, the others obsolete. Elytra distinctly wider and longer 
than thorax, punctured as there. Abdomen smooth above, finely and densely 
punctate beneath. Length 2-2.3 mm. 

Posey County: rare. April 19-April 21. Sifted from ants' 
nests. 

0. tetracarinatus Block, (depressus Grav/). a European species, 
is said by LeConte to occur in Indiana, but I have seen no specimens. 

907 (2762). Oxytf.ixs exiguus Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840,- 798. 
Elongate, parallel. Black, opaque : elytra fuscous ; legs pale yellow. 

Head slightly narrower than thorax, densely and finely strigose. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, sides and apex feebly curved : disk with very fine, 
dense lengthwise strigae, the usual grooves very faint. Elytra flat, one- 
third longer and a little wider than thorax, more coarsely strigose with fine 
punctures between the striga?. Abdomen smooth, polished. Length 1.5- 
1.8 mm. 

Putnam and Lawrence counties ; scarce. April 17— July 29. 

LXXIV. Trogophlceus Mann. 1830. (Gr.. "to gnaw -bark.") 

Elongate slender forms having the front tibiae not spinose: sec- 
ond joint of tarsi with a long, slender spine or stout seta extending 
beneath as far as the end of the third or last joint ; tarsal claws 
large; scutellum invisible: middle coxcP contiguous. The following 
paper is the only one treating of the genus as a whole : 



470 FAMILY XT. STAPH YLTNIDJE. 

Casey. — il A Preliminary Monograph of the North American 
Species of Trogophloeus," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 
1889, 322-383. 

The following species have been taken or perhaps occur -in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE TROGOPHLCEUS. 

a. Thorax with a deep transverse curved or lunate groove near the base. 

b. Color dark reddish-brown; legsypale'. 908. arcifer. 
bl>. Color black; legs and antennae black; thorax widest before the mid- 
dle. ANTHRACINUS. 

an. Thorax without a curved groove near base, but usually with a length- 
wise groove on basal half each side of a slightly raised median line. 

c. Eyes large, convex and prominent, the distance from their hind mar- 

gin to base of head less than one-third their diameter. 

d. Thorax subhexagonal, widest one-third behind apex, the sides 

thence converging and nearly straight to base; its disk broadly 
impressed on side ; length 3-3.2 mm. 909. quadripunctatus. 
dd. Thorax rounded in front, widest just in front of middle, sides 
thence converging to base ; disk not flattened on the sides ; length 
2.5 mm. 910. memnonius. 

cg. Eyes small, much less prominent, the distance from their hind mar- 
gin to base nearly as long as or longer than the eyes. 

e. Elytra chestnut brown or paler. 

f. Larger, 2.6 mm. ; thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate. 

phixeoporinus. 

/'/. Smaller, not over 2 mm. ; thorax densely and finely punctate. 

911. poseyensis. 

ee. Elytra black or piceous. 

g. Elytra distinctly longer than thorax; surface not opaque; an- 

tennae shorter than head and thorax ; length 1.8-2 mm. 

912. AGONUS. 

gg. Elytra not longer than thorax; surface strongly granulate and 
opaque ; length .6 mm. brachypterfs. 

908 (2770). Trogopiit.ceus arcifer Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1877. 
245. 

Elongate, rather robust, convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown; legs 
and antennae slightly paler. Head three-fourths as wide as thorax, coarsely, 
deeply and rather sparsely punctate. Antennae longer than head and tho- 
rax, the outer joints thickened. Thorax one-half wider than long, widest 
just in front of middle, the sides thence curving to base; disk coarsely, 
deeply and rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third wider and one-half 
longer than thorax, coarsely but not densely punctate. Abdomen almost 
as wide as elytra, rather finely and sparsely punctured. Length 2.8 mm. 

Fountain County ; rare. August 17. The specimen at hand has 
the legs, antenna? and abdomen but slightly paler than elytra ; other- 
wise it agrees with the description of the type. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



471 



T. anthracinus Casey, 2.8 mm. in length, was described from 
Kentucky and Virginia. 

909 (2773). Trogophlceus quadripuxctatus Say. Trans. Amor. Phil. Soc, 

IV, 1834. 459; ibid. II. 575. 

Elongate, rather robust, convex. Black, strongly shining ; antenna- and 
legs piceous : knees and tarsi paler. Head one-third narrower than thorax, 
finely and rather densely punctate. Antenna- longer than head and thorax, 
second and third joints equal. Thorax two-thirds wider than long: disk 
finely and densely punctate, flattened on the sides and with four distinct 
impressions on basal half. Elytra distinctly wider and one-half longer than 
thorax, coarsely, rather sparsely and deeply punctate. Abdomen slightly 
narrower than elytra, minutely granulate. Length 3-3.2 mm. 

Kosciusko, Starke. Marshall and Lawrence counties; scarce. 
j ulje 24-August 22. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. 

910 (2776). Trogophlceus memnonius Eriehs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 

806. 

Elongate, slender. Black, shining: antennae piceous. the two basal 
joints and legs reddish-brown. Head slightly narrower than thorax, minute- 
ly and densely punctate. Antenme as long as head and thorax, joints two 
to four decreasing in length. Thorax one-half wider than long, base much 
narrower than apex ; disk finely and densely punctate, the impressions on 
basal half shallow. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer than thorax, 
deeply, rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Abdomen narrower than ely- 
tra, very finely granulate, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm. 

Marshall and Putnam counties ; rare. March 20-May 20. Taken 
from beneath dead leaves at margin of lake. The impressions of 
thorax are somewhat interrupted at middle so as to appear four m 
number. 

T. phlwoporinus Lee. a very slender, coarsely and sparsely 
punctate species, is known from Illinois and IoAva. 

911 ( ). Trogophlceus poseyexsis sp. nov. ■ 

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Reddish or fuscous brown, the head 
and apical half of abdomen darker ; elytra dark clay yellow ; antenna? pic- 
eous, the basal joint and legs pale yellow. Head as wide as thorax, con- 
vex, very finely and densely punctate. Antennae longer than head and tho- 
rax, the outer joints distinctly thickened. Thorax scarcely wider than long, 
widest one-third from apex, thence feebly curved to base: disk finely and 
densely punctate, flattened on sides and with four rounded impressions on 
basal half. Elytra together broader than long, one-third wider and one- 
half longer than thorax, very finely and rather closely punctate. Abdomen 
distinctly narrower than elytra, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 
1.8 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 3. Taken by sifting a decaying 
beech stump. 



172 



FAMILY XT. STAPH YLINTD^E. 



912 (9744). Tbogophlceus agonus Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. IV, 1S89 
356. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous. feebly shining; abdomen black; legs and 
antennae dark piceous brown. Head scarcely narrower than thorax, wider 
than long, rather finely, deeply and densely punctate. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, widest just before the middle, sides feebly curved, apex 
much wider than base; disk densely and somewhat coarsely punctate and 
with two distinct parallel impressions on basal half. Elytra together about 
as long as wide, one-fourth wider and three-fourths longer than thorax, 
rather coarsely, not closely punctated Abdomen minutely granulate, very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1,8-2 mm. 

Starke and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 20-May 19. Sifted 
from damp vegetable debris. 

T. brachypterus Lee., wholly dull black in hue and one of the 
smallest of the genus, occurs in numbers at Detroit, Michigan, and 
probably inhabits northern Indiana. 

LXXY. Apocellus Erichs. 1840. (Gr\, "to withdraw + wild 

animal. ") 

Rather slender glabrous forms having the head equal to or wider 
than the thorax; antenna? arising from beneath distinct elevated 
frontal ridges ; abdomen very broad. 

913 (27S2). Apocellus sphjericollis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IV, 

1S34, 455 ; ibid. II. 570. 
Elongate, slender, widest across the abdomen. Dark 
reddish-brown, strongly shining; head and abdomeu 
usually darker ; antennas fuscous, the first three joints 
and legs paler. Head wider than thorax, its sides 
oblique and rounded into a distinct neck; surface 
smooth. Eyes very small ; antenna? longer than head 
and thorax, the outer joints much enlarged, the second 
one-half the length of third. Thorax subglobular. con- 
vex ; its surface, as well as that of elytra, with a few 
Fig. 168. v 9j. scattered minute punctures bearing short black erect 
hairs. Elytra together wider than long, one-third wider 
and slightly longer than thorax. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra, thence 
gradually widening to the fourth and fifth segments ; surface smooth, highly 
polished. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 168.) 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 8-May 13. Occurs 
beneath stones. Jogs and damp decaying leaves. The thorax varies 
much in color and size. 

Thinobius Kies. 1841. (Gr.. " shore + to live.") 

Very small linear depressed, pubescent species having the scutel- 
lum visible ; the inner apical angles of elytra broadly and obliquely 




THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



473 



rounded so as to leave an angle in which the wings are visible; 
fourth and sixth joints of antenna- smaller than the fifth and 
seventh. No species is at hand from the State. T. fimbria! us Lee, 
.7 mm. in length, dark reddish or chestnut-brown, legs slightly paler, 
probably occurs in the northern counties. 

Tribe II. OSORIINI. 
Rather stout, black or piceous, more or less cylindrical species 
having the middle coxae contiguous ; tarsi 5- jointed ; mandibles stout, 
not toothed; abdomen not margined. Our two genera are treated 
by: 

LeConte.—In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VI, 1877, 215-216. 

KEY TO GEN EE A OF OSORIINI. 

a. Front tibia? armed with spines ; body cylindrical, pubescent. 

LXXVI. Osorius. 

aa. Front tibise unarmed ; body subcylindrical, glabrous. 

LXXVII. Holotrochus. 



' LXXVI. Osorius Latr. 1829. 

Head almost as wide as thorax, the front more or less flattened 
and sloping toward mouth; eyes small; antennae short, reaching 
middle of thorax, first joint long, the others bead-like, gradually 
larger. This genus is represented in the State by two of the three 
known North American species. 

914 (2701). Osorius planifrons Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VI, 1877, 

215. 

Elongate, cylindrical. Black, shining; antennae, legs and elytra dark 
reddish-brown. Head as wide as thorax, minutely granulate, finely and 
sparsely punctate, front distinctly flattened. Thorax widest at apex, sides 
straight and distinctly converging to base; disk sparsely and coarsely punc- 
tate, with a wide, smooth median stripe. Elytra narrower at base than 
thorax at apex, sparsely, coarsely and sballowly punctate. Abdomen as 
wide as elytra, finely granulate, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 
7-8 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties; rare. May 17-May 23. Oc- 
curs beneath stones and logs in damp places. A member of the 
Austroriparian fauna. 

915 (2702). Osorius latipes Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1S06, 19S. 
Elongate, cylindrical. Blackish-piceous, shining, rather thickly clothed 

with yellowish hairs; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown; thorax and 
elytra often chestnut brown. Head as wide as thorax, rather coarsely and 
more closely punctate; front less flattened. Thorax as in planifrons but 



471 



FAMILY XT. STAPH YLIN IBiE . 




more closely punctured, the median smooth space more narrow. Elvira and 
abdomen rather closely and coarsely punctate. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent in the southern counties, much 
less so northward. March 23-July 14. Usually found burrowing 
in the ground beneath stones. The smaller size, paler antennae and 
legs and more closely punctate upper surface readily distinguish 
it from planifrons. 

LXXVII. Holotrochus Erichs. 1840. ((jr., " whole + ring or 

circle. ") 

Small subeylindrical glabrous species having the 
head narrower than thorax, antennas slender with 
short basal joint; front tibia? not spined. (Fig. 169.) 

916 (2704). Holotrochus t,2evicauda Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sei., 1866, 376. 
Elongate, slightly depressed. Dark reddish-brown to 
piceous; antenna? and legs paler. Head and thorax very 
Fig. 169. Hoktro- finely and sparsely punctate, the latter subquadrate ; slightly 

APoSiffiS Wklei ' than l0Ug; SideS almost slight; ^ind angles rect- 
cies x 6. (After angular. Elytra slightly wider and almost one-half longer 

Ericnson.) +i„ ^ 'i 

than thorax, hnely and sparsely punctate, the sutural stria? 
distinct. Abdomen very minutely punctate above, more distinctly so be- 
neath. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Putnam and Marion counties; rare. March 20-November 22. 
Taken by sifting. 

Tribe III. OMALIINI. 
Small depressed brown or piceous forms having the presternum 
membranous behind the coxa-; tarsi 5- jointed; second ventral seg- 
ment carinate at base and the head with two simple eyes (ocelli). 
Our species are in part treated in the following papers : 

Fauvel, Albert.— "Lies Staphylinides de l'Amerique du Nord— 
Homalini." in Bull, de la See. Linn.. 3rd ser vol II 1878 
196-255. 

Casey.— Coleopterological Notes, V," in Ann. N. Y Acad Sei 
VII, 1893, 398-433. 

The following genera are probably represented in the State: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OMALIINI. 

a. Last joint of maxillary palpi not awl-shaped. 
b. Hind tarsi with joints 1-4 unequal. 

c. First joint of hind tarsi much longer than second. , 
d. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi not longer than third, pear- 
sha Pe<l LXXVIII. Geodbomicus 



THE SHOUT- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 



475 



(7(7. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi longer than third. 

e. Maxillary palpi with fourth joint four times longer than third. 

f. Elytra short, quadrate ; antennae without club. 

LXX1X. Lesteva. 

ff. Elytra long, extending to the apex of the third ventral ; an- 
tennae with last three joints longer and thicker, forming 
an elongate and slender club. Tevales. 
ee. Maxillary palpi wide, short, fourth joint stout; tibiae with 
spinules. 

g. Antenna? nearly filiform, the outer joints gradually and 

slightly thickened. 
h. Hind tarsi with first joint only elongated. 

i Mandibles short, without teeth. LXXX. Acidota. 

it. Mandibles short, the right one toothed at middle. 

LXXXI. Aepedium. 

7/7;. Hind tarsi with fourth joint very long, the second elon- 
gated but shorter than first. Amphichrotjm. 
gg. Antennae with joints 5-11 suddenly thicker; front of head 
but slightly prolonged. Tbigonodemus. 
gg. First and second joints of hind tarsi equally elongated. 
j. Front coxa? large, conical and prominent, 
fc. Antenna 1 thickened towards apex ; tibia? with spinules. 

Lathrim.evm. 

Ick. Antenna? slender : tibiae pubescent. LXXXII. Olophrum. 
//. Front coxa? small, transverse, not prominent; fifth joint of hind 
tarsi equal to the others united. Pycxoglypta. 
7,7). Hind tarsi with joints 1 to 4 very short and equal ; elytra long. 
7. Tibia? with fine spinules : right mandible with a tooth. 

LXXXIII. Homalium. 

77. Tibia? pubescent : mandibles not toothed. LXXXIY. Axthobiuae. 
an. Last joint of maxillary palpi very small and narrow, awl-shaped, the 
third joint long, obconical : antenna? slightly and gradually thickened ; 
first joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second. 

LXXXY. Ephelis. 

LXXVIII. Geodromictjs Redt. 1858. "the earth - running 

over.") 

Rather large flattened species having the antennae long and 
slender; elytra covering half the abdomen; hind tarsi with joints 1 
to 4 rather short, unequal, the first joint distinctly longer than 
second. 

917 (2799). Geodromicus brvxxeus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., III. 
158; ibid. II. 102. 

Elongate-oval, strongly depressed. Dark reddish-brown; antennae, ab- 
domen and legs reddish-yellow : elytra and abdomen both clouded with pic- 
eous near their tips. Head narrower than thorax, strongly excavate be- 
tween the eyes, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong-oval. 



476 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



widest at middle; sides strongly rounded, sinuate near base, hind angles 
rectangular ; disk coarsely and rather closely punctured, with a deep me- 
dian impressed line and a fovea at middle of base. Elytra at base slightly 
wider than thorax, reaching to fourth segment of abdomen, coarsely and 
rather densely punctate. Abdomen rather finely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Southern half of State, scarce ; Lake County only in the north. 
May 11-October 20. Occurs beneath stones, moss and leaves in 
damp places. Usually listed as tcesus Eriehs., but Say's name has 
priority. The thorax varies much in size and in the depth of the 
sinuation behind middle. 

918 (9789). Geodromicus stictus Fauv., Rev. Ent., 1889, 126. 

Form of hrunneus. Black, shining; antennas and legs and often the 
tip of abdomen, reddish-brown. Head narrower than thorax, front triangu- 
lar, narrowly impressed between the eyes, finely and sparsely punctate. 
Thorax subcordate, wider than long, sides strongly rounded, deeply sinuate 
behind, the base much narrower than apex ; disk finely and rather closely 
punctate, the median line shallow. Elytra at base equal in width to tho- 
rax ; surface, as well as that of abdomen, finely and rather closely punc- 
tate. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Fulton County ; rare. August 20. A species of northern range. 

LXXIX. Lesteva La.tr. 1796. (Gfr., "a robber.") 

Small, flattened species, having the third joint of maxillary 
palpi very small, not longer than wide, the fourth joint very long; 
thorax (in our species) not flattened on the sides ; first joint of hind 
tarsi not quite as long as second. 

919 (2803). Lesteva pallipes Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 55. 
Elongate-oval, depressed. Blackish-piceous to dull brownish-yellow, 

feebly shining, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs; elytra when piceous 
each with an oblique pale spot extending from humerus to suture. Head 
with two deep, oblique impressions, rather densely and finely punctate. 
Thorax subcordate, slightly longer than wide, widest in front of middle, 
the sides thence oblique and sinuate to base; disk finely and sparsely punc- 
tate and with two distinct, shallow oblong impressions on basal half. Ely- 
tra at base one-half wider than thorax, thence feebly widening to apex, 
covering one-half or more of abdomen, finely and sparsely punctate. Abdo- 
men as wide as elytra, broadly margined, very finely punctate. Length 
3-4 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Crawford counties ; frequent locally. May 
11-October 17. , Taken by sifting vegetable debris from about hill- 
side springs. Probably occurs throughout the State. One speci- 
men was found crawling on the floor of Wyandotte Cave nearly 
one mile from the mouth. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER. BEETLES. 



477 



Tevales cribaiulus Casey, 2.7 mm. in length and pale uniform 
brownish-yellow throughout, was described from Pennsylvania. 

LXXX. Acidota Steph. 1831. (Or., " sharp.") 

Small elongate, subconvex species having the fourth joint of 
maxillary palpi scarcely longer than third ; mandibles without 
teeth; elytra reaching middle of abdomen, their outer apical angle 
rounded.' One species has been taken in the State, while another 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACIDOTA. 

a. Elytral punctures coarse, arranged in regular rows; length 6-7 mm. 

CRENATA. 

aa Elytral punctures finer, more or less irregularly placed; length 4.5- 

5 mm 020. SUBCARINATA. 

A. crenata Fab., piceous or dark chestnut-brown, antennae and 
legs paler, occurs in Canada and at Detroit, and probably in the 
northern counties of Indiana. 

020 (2806). Acidota subcarinata Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 863. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining; 
head, thorax and dorsal segments of abdomen often more or less fuscous. 
Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long; sides feebly curved, de- 
pressed near hind angles, which are obtuse; disk rather coarsely, deeply 
and sparsely punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax, the 
punctures fine, deep and arranged in irregular double rows with fine raised 
lines between. Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Martin and Posey counties; rare. April 21-May 6. Beaten 
from apple blossoms. 

LXXXI. Arpedium Erichs. 1838. (Gr., "flat") 

Oblong, subdepressed brownish or piceous species having the 
antenna filiform, longer than head and thorax; right mandible 
toothed at middle; elytra reaching usually to or beyond middle of 
abdomen. Two species have been taken in the State and two others 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ARPEDIUM. 

a. Thorax and elytra distinctly punctate. 

ft. Winged species ; elytra long, not obliquely truncate at tips. 
c. Disk of thorax even, densely and rather finely punctate. 

021. cribatum. 

cc. Disk of thorax uneven, widely and deeply impressed each side. 

022. SCHWARZII. 



478 



FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE. 



&&. Wingless species; elytra very short, obliquely truncate at apex. 

ANGULARE. 

aa. Thorax very sparsely and obsoletely punctate; winged species: elytra 
much longer than thorax. tenue. 

921 (2808). Aepedium cribatum Fauv., Bull. Soc. Linn.. II. 1878. 224. 
Elongate-oval, depressed. Head black ; disk of thorax and elytra dark 

reddish-brown; legs and narrow margins of thorax and elytra paler; abdo- 
men, under surface and antennae, except the base, piceous. Head about one- 
half the width of thorax, sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax subquad- 
rate, sides feebly curved, front angles rounded, hind ones obtuse, base al- 
most as wide as apex. Elytra at base but slightly wider than thorax, reach- 
ing almost to fourth segment of abdomen, coarsely, somewhat roughly, not 
densely punctate. Abdomen smooth. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marion and Vigo comities; frequent locally. March 1-October 
5. Occurs beneath bark of logs and dead leaves in damp places. 

922 (2S09). Aepedium schwarzii Fauv., Bull. Soc. Linn.. II, 1878. 225. 
Elongate-oval, depressed. Dull brownish (or fuscous) yellow, mod- 
erately shining; legs, sides of thorax and elytra slightly paler; antenna* 
dusky, paler at base and apex. Thorax quadrate, scarcely wider than long; 
sides feebly curved ; disk finely and irregularly punctate, uneven, with three 
or four smooth raised spaces near middle and a deep impression each side. 
Elytra distinctly wider and more than twice as long as thorax, coarsely, 
deeply, not closely punctate. Length 3.5-3.7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 23-October 21. 
Occurs beneath cover in damp places. The Acidota subcarinata of 
my "Winter Insects." 

A. angulare Fauv., color and size of schwarzii and A. tenue Lee. 
blackish piceous in hue and 4-4.5 in length, are both boreal species, 
taken in Michigan and probably occur in northern Indiana, 

Amphicroum lasvicolle Lee, blackish to dull reddish-yellow in 
hue, 3.7-5 mm. in length, occurs in abundance on flowers of Cra- 
taegus in Pennsylvania, 

Trigonodemns striatus Lee is a southern form, also blackish 
piceous, smooth, shining, length 4.5 mm., which has been recorded 
from Cincinnati. 

Lathrima'um sordidum Erichs., dull yellow, with piceous abdo- 
men, 2.7 mm. in length, is also recorded from the same locality. 

LXXXII. Olophrum Erichs. 1838. (dr.. "bold.") 

Oblong-ovalr convex, black or piceous species having the man- 
dibles and tibia' without teeth or spines; antennae slender, as long- 
as head and thorax; elytra covering two-thirds of abdomen. One 
species has been taken and another perhaps occurs in the State. 



THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



479 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OLOPHRUM. 

a. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded into base and 
apex; length 5-6 mm. 923. obtectum. 

aa. Thorax subcpiadrate, sides subparallel, the front angles obliquely trun- 
cate; length 4.5-5 mm. kotundicolle. 

923 (2828). Olophrum obtectum Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 865. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Uniform pieeous. shining ; antennae, legs and very 
narrow margin of thorax reddish-brown. Head rather coarsely and closely 
punctate, with two shallow triangular impressions on vertex. Thorax 
coarsely, evenly, not densely punctate, often with a faint rounded impres- 
sion at middle of base. Elytra scarcely wider and nearly three times longer 
than thorax, densely, rather coarsely and evenly punctate. Abdomen smooth, 
"its apex paler. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 7-November 28. Oc- 
curs on fungi and beneath bark and leaves. 

0. rotundicolle Sahib., is a boreal species reported from Cin- 
cinnati. 

Pycnoghjpta lurida Gy 11., oblong, convex, brownish- 
piceous, 2.8 mm. in length, is also recorded from the 
same locality. 

LXXXIII. Homalium Grav. 1802. (Gr., "even or 

smooth. ") 

Fig. 170. Homalium 

Small elongate or oblong, subdepressed species (Fig. diffummF&w. xio. 

& o x a La k e Superior spe- 

170), having the joints of hind tarsi very short and cies. 
equal, tibia with fine spines ; maxillary palpi with last joint longer 
than third; elytra reaching to or beyond the middle of abdomen. 
The following have been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HOMALIUM. 

a. Thorax even, or sometimes with two more or less obsolete impressions 
on the disk. 
1). Sides of thorax not angulate at middle. 

c. Thorax very even, strongly convex ; length 2.3 mm. 924. hamatum. 
cc. Thorax with a faint impression each side of disk. 
d. Elytra convex. 

e. Smaller, 3 mm.; black or pieeous; abdomen almost smooth; 

elytra not striolate. humerosum. 
ee. Larger. 4 mm. ; reddish-brown ; abdomen strongly and densely 
punctate ; elytra striolate. punctiventre. 
dd. Elytra subdepressed ; thorax short, hind angles obtuse. 

925. F LOR ALE. 

hi). Sides of thorax angulate at middle; head and thorax shining, dis- 
tinctly punctate. 92<>. fractum. 
a a. Thorax uneven, the disk with two distinct foveas 
[31—23402] 




480 FAMILY xi. — staphylixim:. 

/. Head distinctly narrower, than thorax, the latter, as well as the legs 
and border of elytra, reddish-brown. 927. bepaxdum. 

ff. Head only slightly narrower than apex of thorax, the latter black. 

fOBAMIXOSUVT. 

924 (2851). Homaufm hamatum Fauv.. Bull. Soc. Linne., II, 1878. 209. 
Oblong-oval. Dull reddish or dusky yellow, sparsely pubescent; head 

and tips of elytra fuscous. Antennae shorter than head and thorax: the 
latter one-half wider than long, widest at base, sides feebly curved, disk 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and one-half longer 
than thorax, more coarsely and closely punctured than there. Hind tibia? 
deeply emarginate on the outer side. Sixth segment of male feebly sinuate 
at apex. Length 2.3 mm. 

Marion and Fountain counties; scarce. June 12-June 17. 
H. liumerosum Fauv. and H. punctiventre Fauv., described from 
Pennsylvania and Missouri, doubtless occur in Indiana. 

925 (2854). Homaixlm florale Payk., Mon. Staph.. 1789, 67. 
Elongate-oblong. Uniform black or piceous. feebly shining; antenna? 

and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly 
curved, narrowly depressed near hind angles: disk finely, rather densely 
and evenly punctate. Elytra slightly wider and more than twice longer 
than thorax, densely and finely punctate and faintly strigose. Abdomen 
minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties ; scarce. May 22-Noveniber 1. This 
is the species usually known as nifipes Fauv. 

926 (2855). Homaixcm feactvm Fauv.. Bull. Soc. Linne.. II, 1878. 212. 
Oblong, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining; disk of elytra often 

piceous. Head three-fourths as wide as thorax, finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Thorax one-half wider than long, convex, hind angles obtuse; sides 
curved in front of middle, thence feebly sinuate to base : disk rather coarse- 
ly, not densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider, twice longer and more 
coarsely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen smooth. Length 
2.3 mm. 

Fountain and Yigo counties; scarce. February 23— June 17. 
Occurs beneath bark in moist places. 

927 (2842). Homalium kepaxdlm Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, S7S. 
Elongate, slender, depressed. Head, abdomen and disk of elytra pic- 
eous, opaque ; thorax, antenna*, legs and sides of elytra reddish-brown. An- 
tenna? longer than head and thorax ; head coarsely and densely punctured. 
Thorax slightly broader than long, sides feebly curved, sinuate behind; 
disk flattened on sides, finely, rather densely punctate, with two oblong 
impressions on basal two-thirds. Elytra slightly wider and two-thirds 
longer than thorax, coarsely, densely and roughly punctata Abdomen 
minutely granulate-punctate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 18-Noveinber 22. 
Occurs beneath dead leaves. 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



481 



LXXXIV. Anthobium Leach. 1819. (Gr., "a flower - liv- 
ing' on." 

Short and rather broad, subdepressed species having the elytra 
usually reaching nearly to or beyond the tip of abdomen ; last joint 
of maxillary palpi longer than the third; tibiae pubescent; hind 
tarsi as in H'omaliunj. Two species have been taken and one other 
perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHOBIUM. 

a. Body distinctly convex : thorax not grooved : elytra as long as or longer 
than abdomen, acuminate in female. 928. convexum. 

aa. Body feebly convex or subdepressed. 

&. Thorax not grooved, sparsely and finely punctate : elytra of female 
truncate, not covering tip of abdomen. 929. horni. 

lilj. Thorax distinctly grooved: elytra of female truncate, not reaching 
much beyond the middle of abdomen. pothos. 

92S (2S6S). Anthobium convexum Fauv.. Bull. Soc. Linne.. II, 1S7S. 201. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Dull reddish-yellow: head and thorax alutaceous: 
elytra shining; base of abdomen black in male. Head as broad as apex of 
thorax, flattened and minutely and sparsely punctured between the eyes. 
Antennae not reaching base of thorax, joints 7-11 forming an elongate club. 
Thorax distinctly wider at base than apex, sides feebly curved; disk con- 
vex, flattened near hind angles, sparsely and very finely punctate. Elytra 
feebly widened from base to apex, their tips rounded in male, acute in 
female ; surface more coarsely and closely punctate than thorax. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Steuben. Fountain. Marion and Martin counties; frequent lo- 
cally. April 28— June 16. Occurs on flowers of black haw; especi- 
ally abundant on those of the red-berried elder in the marshes of 
Steuben County. Our only species of the subfamily with the elytra 
longer than the abdomen. 

929 (2870). Anthobium horxi Fauv.. Bull. Soc. Linne.. II, 1878, 202. 

Short, rather broad, subdepressed. Dull reddish-yellow, shining : ab- 
domen of male in great part piceous. of female piceous at apex. Head 
finely and sparsely punctate ; antenna? shorter than head and thorax, joints 
7-10 broader than long, forming a loose club. Thorax more than twice as 
wide as long : sides rounded into base and apex : disk finely and sparsely 
punctate. Elytra more than twice as long as thorax, their tips truncate. 
Length 2-2.1 mm. 

Martin, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. May 6-May 25. 
A. pathos Mann, reddish-yellow, abdomen black. 2.5-2.8 mm. in 
length, is a boreal species which may occur in northern Indiana. 

LXXXV. Ephelis Fauv. 1878. (Gr.. "on -a nail or stud.") 

Rather elongate, feebly convex, strongly punctate species hav- 
ing the head not constricted at base, eyes large ; third joint of maxil- 



482 



FAMILY XT. STA PHYLINID'iE 



lary palpi truncate at apex, fourth very short, slender; antenna? 
short; thorax subcylindrical ; hind tarsi with joints one and two 
slightly longer than three and four, which are equal. 

930 (2876). Ephelis notata Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1S63, 58. 
Elongate-oval. Black, feebly shining; legs and base of antenna? red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra each with the apical margin and a small rounded spot 
at middle reddish-yellow. Thorax subquadrate, widest at apical fourth, 
the sides thence almost straight and slightly converging to base; disk 
densely and rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Elytra at base one- 
third wider than thorax, feebly widening to tips, which are truncate; sur- 
face coarsely and densely punctate. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 25. 

Tribe IV. PROTEININI. 

Species not exceeding 3 mm. in length, having the antennae 
inserted under the sides of the front ; head without ocelli ; prester- 
num horn-like behind the front coxa?, which are transverse and 
somewhat .prominent ; hind coxa? transverse; tarsi 5- jointed. Two 
genera represent the tribe in the United States. The species of this 
tribe are treated by 

Fauval. — "Les Staphylinides de L'Amerique du Nord," in Bull. 
Soc. Linne., II, 1878, 190-196. 

KEY TO GENERA OF PROTEININI. 

a. Antenna? with only the last joint larger ; thorax always with a median 
impressed line. . LXXXVI. Megarthrus. 

aa. Antenna? with the last three joints larger. Protinus. 

LXXXVI. Megarthrus Steph. 1831. (Gr., £ 1 big + joint. ") 

Small, broad subdepressed species, having the head much nar- 
rower than thorax, constricted at base; maxillary palpi short, the 
fourth joint slender and acuminate; antenna 1 short, the last joint 
very large, subglobose; elytra truncate, covering more than one- 
half of abdomen ; hind tarsi with first four joints short, equal. One 
species has been taken and another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MEGARTHRUS. 

a. Thorax black, the sides slightly angulate. excisus. 
aa. Thorax dull yellow, the disk brownish. 931. americanus. 

M. excisus Lee, piceous, narrower than americanus, 2.5 mm. in 
length, is recorded by Dury from Cincinnati. 

931 (2883). Megarthrus americanus Sachse., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 149. 
Oblong-oval, depressed. Dusky or fuscous yellow; head black; legs 

dull yellow. Head narrower than thorax, finely rugose. Thorax as wide 



THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



483 



as elytra, more than twice as wide as long, base and apex truncate; sides 
rounded, widely depressed; margins with a small blunt tooth in front of 
middle and another one-fourth from base; disk coarsely and L'ugosely punc- 
tate and with a deep entire median groove. Elytra more than twice as 
long as thorax, densely, coarsely and rngosely punctate. Abdomen iinely 
and rather closely punctate. Length 2.3-2.7 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 26. Occurs in fungi. 

Protinus atomarius Erichs., black or brownish-black, antenna- 
dull yellow, length 1-1.3 mm., has been recorded from near Cin- 
cinnati and Detroit. 

Subfamily X. PIESTINAE. 

Elongate, slender, parallel species, resembling Cueujids in gen- 
eral appearance and, like them, living beneath bark. They have 
the antenna? inserted under the sides of the front, straight, with 
the outer joints slightly thickened; thoracic spiracles covered; pro- 
sternum wholly of a horn-like texture; front coxae globular. The 
North American species of this subfamily and the next are treated 
by 

LeConU.—ln Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VI, 1877, 249-252. 
Fauvel.—ln Bull. Soc. Linne., II, 1878, 167-188. 
The following genera of the subfamily are probably represented 
in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PIESTINjE. 

a. Abdomen not margined. 

1). Tarsi 5-jointed ; front coxa- separated. LXXXVIL Lispinus. 

blj. Tarsi 3- jointed ; front coxa? contiguous. LXXXVIII. Glyptoma. 
aa. Abdomen margined; tarsi 5-jointed; front coxa- contiguous. 
c. Front tibia? not spinose. 

d. Abdomen widely margined. Triga. 

r/(7. Abdomen very finely margined. Eleusis. 
cc. Front tibiae with spinules ; body much flattened ; front impressed, 

horned in male. Siagonium. 

LXXXVIL Lispinus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., "clean.") 

Very slender species having the head directed for- 
ward ; antenna? not longer than head and thorax ; 
mandibles small, not toothed ; thorax subquadrate ; 
- elytra truncate. (Fig. 171.) One species has been 
taken and another may occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LISPINUS. 

a. Black or piceous, shining; legs reddish-brown; front not 

impressed ; length 4.3-4.5 mm. linearis. Fig. 171, Lispinus 

angustatus Erichs. X 

art. Chestnut brown; front with two> shallow impressions; 7. A Madagascar spe- 

.. cies. (After Erich- 
length 2.5 mm. 932. exiguus. son) 




FAMILY XT. STAPnYLIXID^i. 



L. linearis Erichs. is a southwestern species which has been re- 
corded from I Jincinnati. 

032 (2887). Lispixus exiguus Erichs., Gen. Spec, Staph., 1840, S30. 

Linear, parallel. Uniform chestnut brown, shining, not punctate. Head 
almost as wide as thorax. Thorax subquadrate. narrowed at base; disk 
deeply impressed each side in front of hind angles, which are rectangular. 
Elytra together as wide as and one-third longer than thorax, each with a 
distinct dorsal puncture near middle. Abdomen narrower than elytra, 
minutely alutaceous. Length 2-2^5 mm, 

Parke County; rare. May 13. 




LXXXVIII. Glyptoma Erichs. 1840. ( Gr.. i: sculpture - joint.") 

Small elongate brownish forms having (in our spe- 
cies) the thorax and elytra carinate ; abdomen not 
margined: tarsi three- jointed. (Fig. 172.) 

033 (2893). Glyptoma costale Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 
1840, 909. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark chestnut brown, opaque. 
Antenna? reaching middle of thorax. Head margined, the 
vertex with elevated lines. Thorax subquadrate. front an- 
V—/ gles prominent, disk with six carinse, the outer ones close 

Ho- 172 Glyp- t0 mar = :m - Elytra slightly wider, scarcely longer than tho- 

>.o->m cri-mcome Er- rax. each with four carina?: intervals minutelv punctate, 

ichs. X 10. A South _. * 1 

American species- First five segments nt abdomen with elongate granules on 

(AfterErichson.; the ^ hind margins. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. March 23-June 16. Taken 
by sifting decaying wood. 

Tnga picipe nnis Lee. blackisli-piceoiis. antenna? and legs paler, 
length 3 mm., is known from near Detroit. Michigan and Kansas. 

Eh h'sis paUidus Lee. reddish-brown and shining, length 3.5 mm., 
lives in ants' nests at various points in the Eastern United States 
and doubtless occurs in the State. 

Siagmtium americanum Melsh... reddish-yellow, feebly shining, 
head and thorax very finely punctate, length 4-6.5 mm., and S. 
piinctatum Lee. 4-6 mm., black or dark chestnut-brown, head and 
thorax co : . ; punctate, also have a range which includes Indiana. 

Subfamily XL MICROPEPLENAE. 

Small subquadrate species having the antenna? 9-jointed. in- 
serted under the sides of the front and in repose received in pro- 
sternal cavities; front coxae transverse, not prominent: hind coxa? 



THE FEATHER - WINGED BEETLES. 



485 



rounded, widely separated by the broadly dilated second ventral 
segment ; tarsi three-jointed. 

Several species of the genus Micropeplus have a range which 
may include Indiana. They have the abdomen margined and head, 
thorax and elytra costate, much as in Glyptoma. M. cribatus Lee, 
blackish with the next to last segment of abdomen carinate above ; 
the costa? of elytra sinuate, intervals coarsely punctured, length 2 
mm., has been taken near Cincinnati. M. tesserida Curtis, sixth 
segment not carinate, body black, shining, length 1.5-2 mm., is a 
boreal species known from Michigan. 

Family XII. TRICIIOPTERYGID.E. 
The Feather- winged Beetles. 

This is a small family of minute beetles, the largest of which 
scarcely exceeds a pin-head in size. They live in rotten wood and 
dung, on fungus covered logs and in ants' nests, and comprise the 
smallest of known beetles. The name is derived from that of the 
typical genus, Triehopteryx, a term meaning ' mairy- winged, " the 
inner wings, when present, being long, narrow and fringed with 
long hairs, or feather-like in appearance. 

The members of the family have the maxillae exposed at the base, 
which is large, with two lobes, the outer one hooked; palpi 4-jointed, 
the last joint needle-shaped; antennae usually 11-jointed. inserted 
on the margins of the front, the joints with whorls of long hairs, 
joints 3 to 7 slender, 8-11 thicker, forming a loose elongate club ; 
thorax with the side pieces distinct ; elytra often abbreviated ; inner 
wings as above described ; abdomen with six or seven free ventral 
segments; front coxa? subglobular. prominent, contiguous; middle 
coxa? oval, separated ; hind ones transverse, more or less separated ; 
tarsi 3-jointed, the last joint with two equal simple claws. 

About 75 species, distributed among 18 genera, are known from 
North America. Of these but 8 have been taken in Indiana, though 
a number of others doubtless occur, and the generr- are therefore 
included in the key which follows : The principal m i practically 
the only reference works are as follows: 

Matthews, Fcr. A. — " Trichopterygia Illustrata et Descripta." 
London. 1872. 

Ibid. — "Synopsis of North American Triehopterygida\ " in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI, 1884. 113-156. 



486 



FAMILY XII. TRICHO'PTERYGIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TRICHOPTERYGIME. 

(/. Elytra entire. 

b. Thorax widest at base. 

c. Pygidium invisible ; form oval, very convex ; color dark. 

I. Nossidium. 

cc. Pygidium visible beyond the elytra ; bind angles of thorax not 
elongate; form elongate; color pale. Nanosella. 
hi). Thorax widest before the base. 

d. Pygidium visible beyond the elytra. Ptilium. 
dd. Pygidium invisible. II. Ptenidium. 

a a . Elytra truncate. 

e. Antennae very short, 9-jointed; eyes wanting; thorax larger than 
elytra. • III. Limulodes. 

ee. Antenna? elongate. ll-jointed. 
/. Thorax widest at the base. 

g. Abdomen with seven ventral segments. Pteryx. 
gg. Abdomen with six ventral segments. 

//. Hind coxae very widely separated; mesosternum scarcely cari- 
nate; color pale. Ptineleodes. 
hh. Hind coxae moderately separated; mesosternum distinctly cari- 
nate. IV. Trtchopteryx. 
//. Thorax widest before the base. 

/. Elytra long; mesosternum carinate ; color dark. V. Smicrus. 
ii. Elytra short ; mesosternum not carinate. 

j. Body opaque ; abdomen moderate ; hind coxae with plates. 

Nephanes. 

,/./. Body translucent ; abdomen very long ; color pale. 

VI. Ptinella. 

I. Nossidium Erichs. 1845. (Gr., " nest + formed. " ) 
Small oval, convex species having joints 1 and 2 of antennae very 
large, 3-8 slender, 9-11 much thickened; abdomen with seven seg- 
ments, entirely covered by elytra ; metasternum not reaching the 
sides of the body. One of the two known species occurs in the 
State. 

934 (2914). Nossidium americanum Mots., Bull. Mosc, 41, 1868, 191. 

Oblong-oval, very convex. Head and thorax 
piceous, strongly shining ; elytra reddish-brown, 
rather thickly clothed with long yellowish hairs ; 
legs and antennae yellow. Thorax more than 
twice as wide as long, hind angles rectangular ; 
sides rounded, distinctly margined, surface very 
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra not wider 
than thorax, surface with rather deep, rugose 
punctures in sinuate transverse rows ; tips broad, 
much rounded. Length 1 mm. (Fig. 173.) 

Monroe County ; frequent. May 13-Junc 
9. Taken by sifting debris of beech stump. 
Fig. 173. x 34. (Original.) Probably occurs throughout the State. 




THE FEATHER- WINGED BEETLES. 



487 



Nanosella fungi Lee, elongate, reddish-yellow, legs and anten- 
na 1 paler, length .3 of one mm., has been taken near Cincinnati. It 
is the smallest of North American beetles and occurs in powdery 
fungi. Ptilium collani MakL, oblong, pitchy-black, length .7 of 
one mm., may also occur. 

II. Ptenidium Erichs. 1845. (G-r., '''provided with Little 

feathers. ") 

Small elongate or oblong-oval species having the club of an- 
tenna? formed of three joints; thorax small, narrower at base than 
middle; elytra entire, concealing all seven segments of the abdo- 
men; metasternum large, quadrate, extending to the sides of the 
body. Two have been taken in the State, and another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTENIDIUM. 

a. Thorax with two distinct fovea? on each side near the base ; color pale 
chestnut brown. foveicolle. 
(id. Thorax with but one fovea on each side at base, or none. 

1). Color black, shining, the tips of elytra yellowish. 935. pusillttm. 
bb. Color dull yellow, shining; elytra each with two blackish stripes. 

936. LINEATUM. 

935 (2929). Ptenidium pusillum Gyll., Ins. Suec, I, 1808, 1S9. 

Rather broadly ovate, convex. Black or piceous, shining, very sparsely 
clothed with long whitish hairs ; tips of elytra more or less widely reddish- 
yellow ; legs and antenna? dull yellow, the club of the latter dusky. Thorax 
much wider than long, widest just behind the middle, sides rounded, hind 
angles obtuse ; disk deeply and sparsely punctured and with a deep trans- 
verse impression each side at base near the angles. Elytra ovate, widest 
before the middle, with very fine remote punctures in rows. Length 1- 
1.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. March 25. Taken by sifting dead leaves. 

936 (2934). Ptenidium lineatum Lee. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I. 1863, 63. 
Elongate-oblong, convex. Color given in key. Thorax slightly wider 

than long, a little narrower at apex than base, very finely punctate. Ely- 
tra oval, sparsely clothed with fine silken hairs. Length .4 mm. 

Clark County; rare. May 6. Taken from fungi on beech log. 
A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 

III. Limulodes Matthews. 1867. 

One small reddish species belongs here. It has the antenna? very 
short and thick, joints 1 and 2 large, 8-6 very small. 7-9 very large 
and forming an elongate club; head small, deiiexed ; elytra trun- 
cate, short and narrowed toward the apex; abdomen short, with six 



4^- 



FA MILY XII . T RI CHOPTER YGIDJE 



segments, three of which are exposed above ■ prosternuni produced 
behind into a long, broad plate, bifid at apex ; mesosternuni strongly 
carinate. produced into a broad, spoon-shaped process which covers 
the hind coxa?. 

037 (2935). Lt-MVlodes paradoxa Matthews, Aim. Lye. Nat. Hist.. N. ¥., 
VIII. 1867, 409. 

Conic, widest in front, very convex. Reddish-yellow, shining, thickly 
Clothed with a silky grayish pubescence. Thorax very large and convex, 
widest at base, sides circularly rounded in front, hind angles acute and 
slightly produced: surface alntaceous. Elytra shorter and narrower than 
head and thorax, surface very finely and prettily grannlate. Length 1 mm. 

Clark County; scarce. May 5. Three specimens from ants' 
nests beneath flat stones. Occurs throughout the United States. 

Pteryx bruniieo Lee chestnut-brown, thorax with sides widest 
at the base, length .9 mm., and P. balteata Lee. bright yellow, tho- 
rax with sides slightly rounded and widest before the base, length 
.6 mm., may occur in southern Indiana. 

Ptinellodgs lecontei Matth., elongate-oblong, yellow, translucent, 
length 1 mm., may also occur. 

IV. Tmchopteryx Kirby. 1819. (Gr.. ''feather -wing.") 

A large genus of small oblong or ovate species, having the anten- 
na- 11-jointed. the last three joints forming a bead-like club: head 
large, rather deflexed ; elytra truncate, usually short : abdomen with 
six ventral segments ; hind coxa? moderately distinct, the outer edge 
expanded into a broad plate. Of the 30 or more species known 
from North America but two have as yet been taken in the State, 
though several others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO IXDIAXA SPECIES OF TRICHOPTERYX. 

a. Thorax distinctly wider than elytra. 

7). Thorax smooth : elytra not attenuate ; color dark chestnut brown, 

shining: length .9 mm. geabricoleis. 

IjTj. Thorax with small, rather remote tubercles or granules. 

c. Head and thorax black, the latter dilated : elytra dark chestnut 

brown: form elongate-oblong. 938. haldemaxxi. 
cc. Entirely black but thickly clothed with long reddish hair: thorax 

widest before the base : length .9 mm. abretta. 
aa. Thorax scarcely or not at all wider than elytra. 
d. Hind angles acute, often produced. 

e. Head, thorax and abdomen black, elytra dark reddish-brown : 

length .9 mm. parallela. 
ee. Entirely black or fuscous black. 

f . Elytra widest at apex : length .8 mm. aspera. 



THE FEATHEK-WIX(iED BEETLES. 



489 



ff. Elytra with the sides nearly straight : thorax widest before the 
base; color fuscous black; length .9 mm. sebicaks. 
(7(7. Hind angles of thorax not acute or produced. 939. mcerexs. 

938 ( 2966 ). Trichopteryx haldemaxxi Lee. List of Col. of N. Am., 1863, 29. 
Elongate-oblong, convex. Color given in key: surface sparsely clothed 

with short, pale hairs: antennae and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, widest before the base ; sides strongly rounded, 
hind angles broad, acute and much prolonged ; surface covered with small, 
rather remote granules arranged in transverse rows. Elytra as long as 
but narrower than head and thorax, rather closely and irregularly asperate 
or roughened with small granules. Length 1-1.2 mm. 

Kosciusko. Marion and Putnam counties: frequent. April 17- 
Oetober 17. Taken by sifting leaves and sphagnum moss in damp 
places. 

939 (29T2). Trichopteryx mcerexs Matthews. Cist. Ent.. 11. 1874, 298. 
Oblong, convex. Black, strongly shining: sparsely clothed with pale 

hair : antenna? and legs yellow. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest near 
the middle, sides moderately rounded, hind angles rectangular : surface 
smooth, polished. Elytra about as long and wide as head and thorax, 
very faintly and transversely granulate or asperate : tips broad, the ex- 
treme edge yellowish. Length .6—. 7 mm. 

Steuben and Putnam counties: scarce. May 25-October IT. 
Taken by sifting damp debris. Differs from the preceding by its 
smaller size, smoother surface and form of hind angles of thorax. 

The range of the other species of THchopieryx mentioned in the 
key is given by Matthews as * ' United States. ' ' 

V. Smicrus Matthews. 1872. (Gr.. "small.") 

Elongate-oblong species, having the antennae long and slender, 
reaching nearly to middle of elytra. 11-jointed. the last three joints 
forming an elongate, bead-like club ; head large and broad ; hind 
coxa? rather distant and with w ide plates. One species is known. 

940 (2909). Smicrus filicorxis Eairm.. Faun. France, I. 1854, 33S. 
Oblong, subparallel. Black, sparsely clothed with short yellow hairs : 

antenna? and tips of elytra pale : legs yellow. Thorax short, quadrate, 
widest in front, feebly narrowed toward the base, hind angles acute: disk 
closely covered with minute tubercles. Elytra as long and nearly as wide 
as head and thorax, closely and minutely punctate : tips squarely truncate, 
leaving one-third of abdomen exposed. Length t.2 mm. 

Marion County: rare. October 31. Taken by sifting. 

Nephanes la viusculus Matth., short, broad, convex, dark chest- 
nut-brown, legs yellow, length .6 mm., may occur in southern 
Indiana. 



490 



FAMILY XIII. — SCAPHIDTIDJE. 



VI. Ptinella Mots. 1845. (Diminutive of Ptinus.) 

Very small, elongate or oblong forms having the head large and 
prominent; eyes often wanting in male: antenna? long and slender, 
each joint ornamented with long hairs : thorax small, usually more 
or less constricted at base ; elytra short, truncate, leaving five or six 
joints of the long abdomen exposed; hind coxa 1 widely separated. 
One of the three species listed\has been taken in the State. 

941 (2970). Utixella qlercus Lee. New Sp. X. Am. Col.. I. 1863. 03. 

Moderately elongate, narrow. Male pale yellow, female pale chestnut 
brown : sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. Eyes of female rather large, 
those of male wanting. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, widest 
before the middle, constricted near base, hind angles acute, surface alu- 
taceous. Elytra shorter and rather narrower than head and thorax to- 
gether, widest toward the apex; surface remotely asperate or roughly 
granulate. Length .5-.G mm. 

One specimen taken by Dury while sifting dead leaves near Xew 
Albany. Floyd County. May 25. A southern form, described 
from Georgia. 

Family XIII. SCAPHIDIID.F. 
The Shixixg Fungus Beetles. 

Small, oval, convex, very shining beetles which live in fungi, in 
rotten wood, dead leaves, or beneath the bark of logs. But little is 
known regarding their life history, although some of them are very 
common in every piece of woodland. When exposed by removing 
their cover of bark or other material, they either remain quiescent 
or move rapidly with an uneven, skipping gait. The name of the 
family is based upon that of the genus Scaphidium, a name meaning 
"a, little skiff or boat." on account of the fancied resemblance in 
form of the beetles to that of a boat, being thickest and arched in 
the middle and narrowed toward each end. the head small and the 
abdomen more or less conical and pointed. 

They have the mentum large, quadrate; palpi short, four- 
jointed, the last joint conical; front of head contracted and pro- 
longed into a short beak: antennae either hair-like or slightly cla- 
vate. inserted- at the margin of the front ; thorax closely applied to 
the after body; presternum not prolonged, the coxal cavities widely 
open behind; elytra broadly truncate, not covering the tip of the 
conical abdomen, which has six or- seven visible ventral segments. 
The front coxa j are rather large, conical and contiguous; middle 



THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



491 



coxae small, rounded and widely separated; hind ones oval or trans- 
verse, also widely separated ; tarsi 5- jointed, long and slender. 

About 200 species of Scaphidiidae are known, 41 of which have 
been described from the United States. The principal literature 
treating of the family is as follows: 

LeConte.— ' Synopsis of the Scaphidiidae of the U. S.," in P'roc. 

Phil. Acad! Nat. Sci, 1860, 321-324. 
Casey.— ' Synopsis of the Scaphidiidae," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. 
Sci., VII, 1893, 510-533; Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, VIII. 
1900, 55-60. 

Representatives of four of the seven genera comprising the 
family have been taken in Indiana, while those of two others may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SCAPHIDIID.E. 

a. Scutellum distinct; antennae with a broad, abrupt and somewhat flat- 
tened 5-jointed club ; elytra 1 punctures in rows. 
&. Hind tibiae not spinous ; eyes emarginate ; hind angles of thorax acute 
and somewhat prolonged backward. I. Scaphidium. 

hi). Hind tibiae with rows of small spines; eyes entire; hind angles of 
thorax not prolonged. Cyparium. 
aa. Scutellum minute or wanting; antennae slender, without distinct club; 
elytral punctures, when present, scattered, 
c. Third antenna! joint elongate and cylindrical; scutellum usually in- 
visible.' when present transverse. 

d. Body oval; sutural stria of the elytra reaching the base; hind 

coxae widely separated. H» B.eocera. 

del. Body narrowed, more or less compressed; sutural stria not reach- 
ing the base; hind coxa? less separated. III. Toxidium. 
cc. Third antennal joint very short, wedge-shaped or triangular, nar- 
rowed to the base ; scutellum present, minute, triangular. 

e. Length 1.5 or more mm. ; hind coxal plates very short and their 

curve developed only on the inner side. IV. Scaphisoma. 

ee. Length less than 1 mm.; hind coxal plates semi-elliptic; antennae 
shorter and stouter. Scaphiomicrus. 

I. Scaphidium Oliv. 1791. (Gr., "tub or boat + small. ") 

Here belong our most common members of the family, readily 
distinguished by the larger size, emarginate eyes and produced hind 
angles of thorax. The male is known by having a large, depressed, 
punctate and pubescent area on the middle part of the metasternum. 
One species and two varieties have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCAPHIDIUM. 

0. Elytra each with two to four short rows of large punctures. 

h. Elytra each with two transverse, reddish spots which extend inward 
two-thirds the width. 912. quadriguttatum. 



492 



FA MILY XIII. — SCAPH IDIID^ . 




hi). Elytra black without spots. 942a. var. piceum. 

aa, Elytra without coarse discal punctures, each usually with two marginal 
spots of pale yellow. 942b. var. obliteratum. 

*942 (2975). Scaphidium quadriguttatum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., III, 1823. 198; ibid. II, 126. 
Oval, convex, glabrous. Black, strongly shining; elytra with spots as 
mentioned in key. Thorax with a bisinuate row of coarse punctures near 
the base. Elytra with a row of similar punctures on inner half of base 
and two to four short rows before the middle and nearer the suture than 
the sides. Length 3.8-4.5 mm. 

Frequent throughout the State. February 23- November 8. 

*942a (2975c). Scaphidium quadriguttatum piceum 
Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 103. 

A color variety of quadriguttatum which is wholly 
shining black above. It is found associated with that 
species and in winter is even more frequent, being found 
especially beneath the bark of old, fungus-covered beech 
logs. (Pig. 174.) 

Throughout the State. January 24-December 25. 
Casey's amplum, described from Indiana, is evi- 
Fi g . 174. x 6. (Original.) dently based on an immature piceum. 

942b (2975a). Scaphidium quadriguttatum obliteratum Lee, Proc. Phil. 
Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1860, 322. 
The absence of coarse punctures on the disk of elytra and the small 
size of the elytral spots are the only characters given by LeConte and Casey 
to distinguish this form from quadriguttatum. 

In my collection are several specimens taken in Vigo County, 
which have the elytra wholly devoid of discal punctures and yet, 
like piceum, are entirely black. I have not seen the spotted form 
from the State, but the type of LeConte came from near Evansville, 
Indiana. In all probability Horn was right in regarding both 
piceum and obliteratum as varieties, * Casey to the contrary not- 
withstanding.* * 

Cyparium flavipes Lee, chestnut-brown, legs and antennas paler, 
length 3.5 mm., is a southern form which Dury records from Cin- 
cinnati. 

II. B^ocera Erichs. 1845. (Gr., " small + horn.") 

Small black or piceous species, having the third joint of an- 
tennas slender and cylindrical, the outer three joints somewhat 

*Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1875, 132. 
**. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900, 55. 



THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



493 



enlarged, forming a loose, slender club; scutellum usually wanting 
but when present broadly triangular. Thirteen nominal species 
from the United States are recognized by Casey. Of those six are 
known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BJSOCERA. 

a. Scutellum not visible. 

b. Larger species, not less than 2 nun. in length. 

c. Sides of thorax feebly and evenly curved when viewed from the 
side; basal marginal stria of elytra entire. 
d. Third antennal joint very long, slender, subequal to fourth ; ely- 
tra sparsely but distinctly punctate. 943. concolor. 
<hl Third joint much shorter and thicker ; form less broadly oval ; 
elytra smooth. 944. congener. 
cc. Sides of thorax strongly bent downward behind the middle ; basal 
stria of elytra broadly interrupted ; third antennal joint long and 
slender. 945. deflexa. 
bb. Smaller species, never much exceeding 1.5 mm. in length; narrowly 
oval ; third antennal joint not longer than fourth. 
e. Elytra not punctate. 

f. Length 1.6 mm. ; epimera of mesosternum extending two-thirds 

tO COXa?. SPECULIFER. 

ff. Length n|>t over 1.3 mm. ; mesosternal epimera longer and nar- 
rower. 946. APICALIS. 

ee. Elytra sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate. 

947. PUNCTIPENNIS. 

a a. Scutellum visible, very minute and transverse ; length less than 1.3 mm. 
g. Hind angles of thorax normally acute; color reddish-brown to pic- 
eous. 948. picea. 

gg. Hind angles of thorax obtusely truncate ; color deep black. nana. 

943 (2978). B.eocera concolor Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801. 576. 
Oblong-oval, broad, strongly convex. Black, high- 
ly polished; legs, antenna? and tips of elytra and ab- 
domen reddish-piceous. Thorax three-fourths wider 
than long, apex one-third as wide as base. Scutellum 
wanting. Elytra barely as long as wide, scarcely 
twice as long as thorax, broadly truncate at apex; 
sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 2.7 mm. (Fig. 
175.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 25- 
September 25. Occurs on fungi. fig 175 x ~ la 

944 (9S54). BjEOCERA congener Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1S93. 

517. 

Rather stout, oval. Black; legs and antennae pale reddish-brown. An- 
tenna? shorter than head and thorax, third joint much shorter than second, 
three-fourths the length of fourth. Thorax and elytra much as in concolor. 
from which it differs chiefly by its smaller size and antennal structure. 
Length 2 mm. 




494 



FAMILY XIII. — SCAPHIDIIDJE. 



Southern half of State; frequent. April 17-July 29. Taken- 
by sifting rotten wood and vegetable debris; also on fungi. 

945 (9855). B^eocera deplexa Casey, loc. cit., p. 517. 

Stout, broadly oval. Black; antennae and under surface paler, rufo- 
piceous. Antenna? very slender, not quite as long as head and thorax, third 
joint distinctly longer than second, scarcely as long as fourth. Elytra fully 
as long as wide, twice as long as thorax; sutural and marginal stria* deep, 
the basal broadly interrupted. ■» Length 2.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo and Putnam counties; frequent, February 16-Sep- 
tember 25. One of Casey's types came from Indiana. 

Bceocera speculifer, Casey, black, shining, legs, tips of elytra and 
abdomen paler, Avas described from Iowa. 

946 (2979). B.eocera apicalis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 18(30, 323. 
Narrowly oval. Piceous-black or dark reddish-brown, polished, with- 
out punctures or hairs. Antennae short, not as long as head and thorax ; 
third and fourth joints subequal, the former not quite three times as long 
as wide, slightly shorter than sixth. Thorax short, more than one-half 
wider than long. Scutellum wholly obsolete. Elytra longer than wide, 
rather more than twice as long as thorax, widest at basal third, their tips 
obliquely truncate. Length 1.3 mm. 

Kosciusko County; scarce. June 24. Tak£n in sifting damp 
leaves in low moist ground. 

947 ( ). BCEOCERA PUNCTIPENNIS Sp. T10V. 

Form and color of apicalis. Elytra pale at tips and distinctly but 
sparsely and coarsely punctate; legs pale reddish-brown. Antennas piceous, 
the basal joints paler, as long as head and thorax, the second, third and 
fourth joints subequal. Thorax as in apicalis. Basal marginal line of ely- 
tra wholly wanting. Length 1.2 mm. 

Wells, Marion, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May 
12-November 28. Occurs on the large yellow fungus Clytocyle 
illudens Schw. 

948 (9859). Bceocera picea Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 520. 
Rather broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous ; highly polished, 

not punctate; legs, antenna? and tip of abdomen rufous. Antenna? shorter 
than head and thorax ; third joint two-thirds the length of fourth, four to 
six slender, subequal ; seventh and eighth longer and thicker. Thorax 
three-fourths wider than long, apex less than one-half as wide as base. 
Elytra as long as wide, twice as long as thorax, the basal marginal stria* 
broadly interrupted. Length 1.2 mm. 

Kosciusko, Putnam, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. 
April 17-July 10. Taken by sifting leaves in low moist places. 

B. nana Casey, length 1 mm., is known from Rhode Island, Mich- 
igan and Texas. 



THE SHINING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



495 



III. Toxidium Lee. 1860. (Gr., "-a bow i -small") 

Small black or brownish beetles having the body compressed and 
narrowed behind the middle; scutellum absent; hind coxae narrowly 
separated. One of the two species occurs in the State. 
949 (2988). Toxidium compres sum Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 
1869, 251. 

Dark reddish-brown, highly polished ; an- 
tennae, legs and tip of abdomen paler. An- 
tennae slender, about as long as head and 
thorax. Side margin of thorax prominent 
and carinate in front, but rapidly deflexed 
and pressed against the sides just behind 
the middle; hind angles obtusely rounded. 
Metasternum coarsely and deeply punc- 
* tured throughout. Length 1.4-1.7 mm. (Fig. 

Fig. 176. X 15. (Original.) 176 J 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 17-No- \ \ / A 
vember 14. Probably hibernates. Taken by sifting 
in late autumn and early spring. 




IV. 



(Gr., a bowl 




Scaphisoma Leach. 1812. 

body.") 

Species resembling those of Bmocera, but having the ' . a ,. 

r , e ° Fig. 177. Scaphi- 

third antenna! joint short and narrowed on basal half, * 07na . mridnum. x 

" 7. A European spe- 

and the scutellum always present but minute. (Fig. cies - (After Sharp.) 
177.) They are of small size and occur beneath bark, in fungi, and 
can also be taken by sifting in late autumn or early spring. The 
following species have been taken or probably occur in Indiana: 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCAPHISOMA. 

a. Metasternum strongly but sparsely punctate over most of its surface ; 
length 1.7 mm. kepanda. 
act. Metasternum almost smooth or only punctured over part of its area. 
1). Larger species, never much under 2.3 mm. in length. 

c. Form elongate-oval; elytra finely, rather closely and uniformly 
punctate; the punctures twice as numerous as in convexa. 

950. punctulata. 

cc. Form broadly oval; elytra distinctly but less densely punctate; 
metasternum between the middle and hind coxa? coarsely and 
strongly punctate. 951. convexa. 

hi). Smaller species, seldom more than 1.7 mm. in length. 

(1. Elytra not paler at apex, except feebly and gradually from semi- 
transparency. 

e. Elytra sparsely but strongly punctate; length 1.8 mm. 

952. SUTURALIS. 

I 32 -23402] 



496 



FAMILY XIII. — SCAPIIIDIIDJ-: 



ee. Elytra wholly smooth ; length 1.2 mm. 953. distincta. 

dd. Elytra with a broad and rather distinctly defined pale apical mar- 
gin ; metasternnm strongly punctured at base. 954. tekminata. 
8. repanda Casey, black, shining, legs and antenna? pale, is 
known from Massachusetts and Iowa,. 

950 (29S2). So Arm soma punctulata Lee, Pro. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1860 

323. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Bluek, shining; antenna-, legs and tip of abdo- 
men reddish-brown. Antenna- long and slender, reaching base of thorax. 
Thorax two-thirds wider than long, very finely and indistinctly punctured. 
Sutural stria- of elytra deep. Basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the next 
three. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. May 2. A species of southern range. 

951 (2981). Scaphisoma con vex a Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, V. 

1S25, 183; ibid. II. 289. 
Black or dark chestnut-brown, shining; antennae under surface and 
tips of elytra paler. Thorax three-fifths wider than long, very finely punc- 
tate. Elytra three-fourths longer than thorax, the punctures fewer and 
coarser than in punctulata. Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 26-November 30. Oc- 
curs on fungi on oak and other logs. 

952 (2983). Scaphisoma svtuealis Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1860, 

323. 

Rather narrowly oval. Dark chestnut brown to black, highly polished. 
Thorax three-fourths wider than long, one-half as long as elytra, very finely 
punctate. Elytra a little longer than wide, strongly but remotely punctate, 
the sutural stria deep. Length 1.7 mm. « 

Marion, Putnam and Monroe counties; frequent. March 20- 
September 21. Sifted from dead leaves and debris of beech stumps. 

953 ( ). Scaphisoma distincta sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval, subparallel, convex. Uniform dark chestnut-brown, strong- 
ly shining; antenna?, legs and abdomen paler; surface both above and be- 
neath wholly smooth. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, seventh and 
eighth joints but slightly wider than sixth; ninth and tenth distinctly 
longer, obconical ; eleventh oblong. Thorax two-thirds wider than long. 
.Sutural stria very fine. Length 1.2 mm. 

Putnam, Posey and Dubois counties; scarce. April 21-May 11. 
Taken by sifting. 

954 (2984). Scaphisoma terminata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, II. 

1844. 102. 

Oval, strongly convex. Black, highly polished, the tips of the elytra 
margined with yellowish ; legs and antenna? pale. Sixth antennal joint very 
long, more than equal to the three preceding. Thorax one-half the length 



THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES. 



497 



of elytra, scarcely punctate. Elytra distinctly but sparsely punctate, the 
punctures finest toward the base ; sutural stria deep, a little curved. Length 
1.8 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 1-September 20. 

Scaphiomicrus flavescens Casey, pale brownish-yellow, length 
.9 mm., was described from Michigan. 

Family XIV. PHALACRIDJE. 

The Shining Flower Beetles. 

To this family belong a small number of oval or rounded-oval, 
convex, shining beetles, having the body very compact • antennae in- 
serted under or at the sides of a slight frontal margin, 11- jointed, 
the last three joints forming an oval club ; thorax with 
the side pieces not distinct ; presternum prolonged, en- 
tering the emarginate mesosternum behind, the coxal 
cavities open; metasternum large, produced in front; 
scutellum large, triangular; elytra rounded at tip and 
entirely covering the abdomen, which has five free 
ventral segments. (Fig. 178.) The front coxae are 
rather small and globular: middle coxae transverse, 
separated by the sternum; hind coxae contiguous, Y- F j g ' 17 f- v olibrus 

° ' oicolor. A European 

transverse and flat; tarsi 5- jointed, the fourth joint gg^ 68 - (After 
usually small and obscure. 

From the Scaphidiidae the members of this family may be known 
by their broadly rounded instead of truncate elytra and by the 
smaller and less prominent front coxae. They are less than 3 mm. 
in length and live principally on flowers, the larvae living in the 
heads of flowers, especially those of Compositae. The adults may 
be taken in summer by beating or in autumn and spring by sifting. 
Some species, however, occur only beneath bark. The name of the 
family is based upon that of the oldest genus. Phalacrus, a word 
meaning bald-headed and suggested probably by the rounded shin- 
ing aspect of these beetles. 

The principal literature relating to the family is as follows: 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Phalacridie of the United States," 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 1856, 15-17. 

Casey. — "Synopsis of Phalacridae, " in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. 
V, 1890, S9-144. 

About 300 species of the family are known. 47 of which, dis- 
tributed among ten genera, being listed from the United States. 




498 



FAMILY XIV. PHAL ACRID J3i. 



Of these nine species, belonging to five genera, have been taken in 
Indiana, while one additional genus and two species may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PHALACRID.E. 

a. Antenna? inserted under the sides of the front, their base entirely con- 
cealed from above ; scutellum large ; front and hind tarsi of the same 
length ; spurs of hind tibiae very short. I. Phalacrus. 

aa. Antenna? inserted at the sides of the front, their base visible from above ; 
scutellum small or moderate ; hind tarsi elongated. 
&. Basal joint of hind tarsi shorter than the second joint. 

c. Apex of prosternal spine inflexed. without an acute and free edge: 
elytra with one or two discal strhe. the suture beaded : second 
joint of hind tarsi of moderate length. II. Olibrus. 

cc. Apex of the prosternal spine with an acute free edge, and bearing 
a transverse row of spinules ; elytra with a single discal stria, 
the suture not beaded. 
d. Second joint of hind tarsi elongated, very much longer than first 
joint, spongy pubescent beneath in male: hind tibial spurs long, 
very unequal. III. Acylomus. 

dd. Second joint of hind tarsi moderate, not more than twice as long 
as first, finely pubescent beneath in both sexes; hind tibial 
spurs small and inconspicuous. IV. Eustilbes. 

bb. Basal joints of hind tarsi longer than second: elytra with two discal 
stria?. 

e. Prosternal spine inflexed at apex and without terminal spinules: 
basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than all the other joints 
together. Litochrus. 
ee. Prosternal spine not inflexed, the edge free and acute; basal joint 
of hind tarsi subequal in length to the next two together. 

V. Ochrolitus. 

I. Phalacrus Payk. 1798. (Gr.. li bald + head.") 

Besides the characters above mentioned, the members of this 
genus have a single discal stria on each elytron and the head is 
marked with four or five minute fovea? each side near the eye. 

*955 (2993). Phaeacres politus Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 
1844. 102. 

Broadly oval. Black, moderately shining ; legs and antennae paler. An- 
tenna? slender, the third joint equal in length to the two following united. 
Thorax twice as wide at base as apex, feebly reticulate in wavy lines, very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not narrowed toward tips, which are 
very broadly and evenly rounded; sutural stria complete, very fine; discal 
stria fine, ^distinct : disk with rows of fine, feeble punctures. Meta sternal 
process wide, rounded at apex and projecting far in advance of middle 
coxa?; prosternal process nearly one-naif as wide as metasternal. Length 
1.8-2.2 mm. 



THE SHINING FLOWER BEET I, lis. 



41)!) 



Common throughout the State; hibernates. January 7— October 
6. Frequent on leaves of skunk cabbage, sedges, Peltandra, etc., in 
moist places in early spring. 

95G (2004). Phalacrus pumilio Lee, Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. VIII, 
1S56. 16. 

Resembles politus but smaller and more narrowly oval. Third joint of 
antenna? notably shorter than fourth and fifth together. Prosternal process 
much narrower, not over one-third as wide as the metasternal. Elytral 
punctures more distant and less distinct. Length 1.4 mm. 

Lake, Fountain and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 17- 
July 1. 

II. Olibrus Eriehs. 1845. (Gr., ''slippery.") 

The mode of antennal insertion and the size of scutellum distin- 
guish this genus from Phalacrus. In our two species the elytra are 
of one color and have two discal striae on each, one near the suture 
extending to basal third and joining the suture at apex, the second 
closely parallel and a little shorter. 

057 (.3000). Olibrus semistriatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 

1856. 16. 

Oblong-ovate, strongly convex. Above dark chestnut-brown, highly pol- 
ished ; beneath pale reddish-yellow, antennae and legs of the same hue. 
Thorax very sparsely and feebly punctate. Elytra with two discal striae 
near the suture and with feebly impressed lines along the very fine rows of 
punctures. Length 1.8-2.2 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. March 27— October 1. Occurs on flowers of Eupatorium and 
Solidago (thoroughwort and goldenrodh Taken in spring by sift- 
ing. 

058 (3002). Olibrus pallipes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. IV, 1825, 

00 ; ibid. II. 230. 

Elliptical, very convex, highly polished. Above dark piceous-brown, the 
head and thorax a little darker than elytra ; antennae and under parts pale 
brownish-yellow. Thorax with minute obsolete punctures on each side. 
Elytra with discal stria? and rows of fine punctures as in semistridtiis but 
without the accompanying impressed lines along the row of punctures. 
Length 2.5-2.8 mm. 

Lake and Knox counties; scarce. July 30- August 31. Longer 
and more narrowly oval than the preceding. 

III. Acylomus Sharp. 1888. (Gr.. "an acorn.") 

Small oval, more or less convex beetles, having the second joint 
of hind tarsi very much elongate and in the male spongy pubescent, 
as in the males of the genus Anisodactylus of the family Carabida\ 



500 



FAMILY XIV. PHAL ACRID JE. 



959 (9881). Acylomus ekgoti Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V, 1890, 119. 
Strongly convex, almost evenly elliptical, not at all narrowed behind the 

middle. Above black or dark chestnut-brown, strongly shining; beneath 
pale brownish-yellow. Elytra with one discal stria, this obsolete on basal 
third, and with rows of punctures which, near the suture, are very minute 
and feeble, slightly larger on the sides. Hind tarsi three-fourths as long 
as tibiae, the second joint between three and four times as long as the basal 
one. Length 1.8-2.2 mm. 

Frequent throughout the 'State. April 26-October 1. Occurs 
on leaves of skunk cabbage in early spring. 

960 (9882). Acylomus piceus Gasey, loc. tit., p. 120. 

Broadly oval, distinctly narrowed behind the base of elytra. Piceous- 
brown, shining. Otherwise as in ergoti. Length 1.8 mm. 

Posey and Martin counties; rare. May 16-June 6. 

IV. EusTiLBUs Sharp. 1888. (Or., "good + shine. ") 
Small oval, convex species differing from those of allied genera 
by the characters given in generic key. Two species have been 
taken in the State, while a third may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUSTILBUS. 

a. Spinules at apex of prosternal spine long and conspicuous; elytra either 
entirely pale or distinctly paler at apex. 
I). Elytra highly polished, not reticulate, abruptly and distinctly paler at 
apex. 961> 

APICALIS. 

1)1). Elytra finely reticulate and pale throughout. 962. nitidus. 

cm. Spinules at apex of prosternal process short; body narrowed behind 
from base of elytra ; color dark reddish-yellow throughout. 

ATTENUATUS. 

901 (3005). Eustilbus apicalis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. II 
1844, 102. 

Oval, strongly convex, very feebly narrowed be- 
hind the middle. Above piceous or dark chestnut 
brown, highly polished; apical fourth of elytra rather 
abruptly pale brownish-yellow; beneath reddish- 
brown; legs and antennfe paler. Elytra distinctly 
longer than wide, the discal stria very deep, strongly 
impressed, uniting with the suture near apex; the 
rows of punctures very fine, scarcely visible. Length 
Fig. 179. (Original.) 2-2.3 mm. ( Fig. 179. ) 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. March 9-De- 
cember 7. Taken by sifting in early spring and by sweeping 
goldenrod and other herbage in summer. Listed by Henshaw as 
Olibrus consimilis, a European species, but since shown to be dis- 
tinct. 




THE SHINING FLOWER BEETLES. 



501 



962 (3007). Eustilbus nitidus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, II. 

1844. 102. 

Oval, strongly convex, distinctly narrowed behind the middle. Pale 
reddish-yellow throughout, very shining. Elytra narrowly rounded at apex, 
the discal stria less impressed and not uniting with suture at apex ; wholly 
without rows of punctures. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Taken by sifting in early 
spring, so that it probably hibernates. March 5-July G. 

E. atif nuaius Casey, 1.6 mm. in length, was described from New 
York, Michigan and Texas. 

Litochrus immaculatus Casey, piceous, the suture paler, length 
1.5 mm., is a southern form which may occur in the Ohio River 
counties. 

V. Ochrolitus Sharp. 1880. (Gr., ''pale yellow + shine.") 

A single species represents this genus in the State. 

963 (3001). Ochrolitus rcbens Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, VIII, 

1856, 16. 

Rather broadly oval, strongly convex. Pale reddish-yellow through- 
out, highly polished. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as long, 
very smooth. Discal stria? of elytra well impressed, obsolete on basal fifth, 
the second uniting with the first near the apex. Length 1.8 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. June 21-De- 
c ember 7. 

Family XV. CORYLOPHID.E. 

The Fringe- winged Fungus Beetles. 

Here belong a number of minute oval or rounded beetles, which 
occur under damp bark or in decaying fungi and other vegetable 
matter. At times they fly about in large numbers by twilight. 
They have the antenna? 9- to 11-jointed, ending in a loose club and 
inserted on the front ; palpi short and four-jointed ; mandibles small, 
with comb-like teeth on the inner margin ; front coxa? globose, prom- 
inent, contiguous or nearly so ; middle coxa? also globose and sepa- 
rated by the mesosternnm; hind coxa? transverse, widely distant ; 
tarsi 4-jointed. the third joint small, concealed in a notch of the 
second joint ; ventral segments six ; scutellum distinct, though small ; 
wings wide, fringed with long hairs which, however, are shorter 
than in the family Trichopterygida?. In many species the body is 
clothed with a grayish pubescence. 



502 



FAMILY XV.— CORYLOPHIDJE. 




The members of this family have been by most authors consid- 
ered as belonging to a subdivision of the CoecinellidcT, but the form 
of the mandibles and the structure of the tarsi are sufficient to 
separate them. Moreover, they differ widely in food-habits. How- 
ever, they are related closely in structure not only to the Coecinel- 
lida^ but also to the Silphidag, so that they are assigned a place be- 
tween those two families. 

The principal literature treating of the family is as follows : 

LeConte.— 1 Synopsis of the Corylophi," in Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat, Sci., VI. 1852, 141-145. 

Casey.— 1 ' Synopsis of the Corylophiche, " in Journ. N. Y. Ent. 
Soc, VIII, 1900. 60-75. 

About 200 species of the 
family are known. Casey 
in his Synopsis lists 54 spe- 
cies, divided among ten 
genera, from the United 

Fig. 180. Antenna of- Corylophid*. (After Casey.) States. Of these eight S pe- 

cies, belonging to five genera, have been taken in Indiana, while a 
number of others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COBYLOPHID^E. 

a. Antennae 10- or 1 1-jointed ; thorax hood-like, completely concealing the 
head. 

b. Body rounded, convex, glabrous; front coxa- long and narrow, en- 
closed within deep cavities; antennae 11 -jointed, the third joint 
elongate but shorter than the second. 
c. Head very deeply inserted within the thorax, the front margin of 
which is evenly rounded and strongly descending; post coxal 
plates large with rounded outline; labrum rounded and sub- 
quadrate. I. CORYLOPHODES. 

cc. Head less concealed by the overhanging margin of the thorax, but 
not visible from above; post coxal plates very short; labrum 
small, triangular, its apex acuminate ; tarsi short, dilated; hind 
angles of thorax acute, feebly prolonged. II. Gronevus. 

hl>. Body oblong or oval and pubescent ; front coxae oblong or globular. 
(I Hind angles of thorax distinctly prolonged backwards and acute; 
antennae 10-jointed (Fig. ISO. No. 3) ; front coxa? short, oblong. 

III. Sericoderus. 

dd. Hind angles of thorax not prolonged backwards, rectangular ; front 
coxae larger, less deeply imbedded; globular. 
e. Antenna' n -jointed: presternum well developed in front of ooxre. 
f. Body elongate, subdepressed. the sides subparallel ; basal joint 
of hind tarsi short, scarcely as long as the next two com- 
bined. Sacium. 



THE FRINGE- WINGED FUNGUS BEETLES. 



503 



ff. Body oval with the sides more curved; basal joint of hind 
tarsi much longer than the next two Combined. 

IV. MOLAMBA. 

cc. Antennae 10-jointed, the elongate third joint followed by four 
small subequal ones (Fig. ISO, No. 9) ; prosternum very short 
in front of Coxae ; body oval or oblong-oval, more convex. 

Arthrolips. 

a a. Antennae 9-jointed (Fig. 180, No. 4) ; thorax emarginate in front, the 
head in great part exposed ; body very minute. V. Orthoperus. 

I. Corylophodes Matthews. 1885. (Gr., 11 helmet + crest, ") 

Small rounded species having the hind angles of thorax slightly 
prolonged; front tarsi feebly dilated in males; antennae as in Fig. 
180, No. 1, except that the third joint is shorter than second. 

964 (3023). Corylophodes marginicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VI, 1852, 143. 

Rounded, strongly convex. Blackish-piceous, shining ; legs and antenna; 
paler. Thorax semicircular, the margin broadly transparent, and there- 
fore appearing yellowish ; base obtusely angulated at middle. Elytra with 
sparse, deeply impressed punctures. Length .9 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 17-October 17. On 
leaves or fungi in summer. Taken by sifting in spring and fall. 

II. Gronevus Casey. 1900. 

To this genus, as denned in key, Casey ascribed five species. 
The antenna? are shown in Fig. 180, No, 2. One has been taken in 
the State, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GRONEVUS. 

a. Elytral punctures strong, especially on the sides; blackish, thorax 
paler, its margins transparent ; length .8 mm. sticticus. 
aa. Elytral punctures minute and indistinct. 

T). Antenna 1 club blackish ; body black, thorax piceous, with narrow 
transparent margins; length .9 mm. fuscicornis. 
hi). Antennal club pale; body dark reddish-yellow, thorax still paler; 
length 1 mm. 965. hesperus. 

G. sticticus Casey was described from Iowa and G. fuscicornis 
Casey, from Ottawa, Canada. 

965 ( ). Gronevus hesperus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900, 64. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Reddish-yellow tinged with piceous, shining. 
Elytra more than twice as long as thorax, its punctures very fine, almost 
effaced behind the middle. Length 1 mm. 

Monroe County; rare. June 9. Sifted from debris of beech 
stump. Known heretofore from Iowa and Nebraska. 



504 



FAMILY XV. — CORYLOPHID^E. 



III. Sericoderus Steph. 1829. (Grv, ' 1 silken + skin. ") 

Small oblong or ovate pubescent species having the antennal 
club 3- jointed (Fig. 180. No. 3) ; elytra narrowed behind, their tips 
truncate ; tarsi slender in both sexes. One species has been taken 
in the State, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SERICODERUS. 

a. Elytra more strongly narrowed from base to apex. 

J). Color pale dull yellow; thorax with a fuscous spot at apex; length 
.9-1 mm. flavidus. 
Kb. Elytra piceons, yellow at tips; thorax dull yellow, the subapical spot 
darker ; length .8 mm. 966. obscurus. 

an. Elytra feebly narrowed, the form more quadrate; color pale dull yel- 
low ; length .8 mm. subtilis. 

S. flavidus Lee. was described from New York and Lake Su- 
perior and probably occurs in the northern counties. S. subtilis 
Lec is known from southern Illinois and Florida. 

966 (3026). Sericoderus obscurus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 
1852, 143. ' 

Oblong, quadrate. Thorax broadly rounded in front, dull yellow with 
a piceous spot at apex. Elytra finely and rather densely punctate, dark 
reddish-brown or piceous, the truncated apex yellowish. Length .8 mm. 

Marion. Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. March 5-May 2. 

Saciurn lugubre Lec. thorax as long as wide, elytral punctures 
and pubescence sparse, color piceous. length 1.7 mm., and 8. obseu- 
rum Lec, thorax wider than long, elytral punctures and pubescence 
dense, color pieeous-brown, length 1.6 mm., both have a range which 
may include Indiana. The antenna of Saeium is shown in Fig 
180, No. 8. 

IV. Mo lamb a Casey. 1900. 

Small oval species having the antenna? rather short with a stout, 
compact club, the seventh joint enlarged, the fifth normal. (Fig. 
180, No. 6.) They were mostly formerly classed under Sacium. 
Three have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MOLAMBA. 

a. Elytra each with a transverse yellow spot or band just behind the mid- 
dle. 

h. Yellow markings of elytra an entire crossbar located behind the 
middle; pubescence coarse, distinct. 967. fasciata. 

lb. Yellow markings of elytra a subijuadrate spot located very little be- 
hind the middle. 968. ornata. 



THE FRINGE- WINGED FUNGUS BEETLES. 



505 



(/(/. Elytra each with a small yellow spot, much behind the middle; pubes- 
cence line, less distinct. 969. lunata. 

9(37 (3015). Molamba fasciata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat ScL, V. 1826, 
250 ; ibid. II. 320. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Piceous; antennae and legs yellowish; 
thorax reddish-yellow with a dark spot in front of middle; elytra with a 
crossbar behind the middle, the tips edged with dull yellow. Thorax hood- 
like, sides regularly cuiwed. apex rounded; disk, as well as that of elytra, 
densely and finely punctate. Length 1.4-1.7 mm. 

Kosciusko and Perry counties ; rare. May 20-June 20. Taken 
from beneath bark of locust, also by sifting the debris of beech 
stumps. 

968 ( ). Molamba ornata Casey. Journ. X. Y. Ent. 

Soc, Till, 1900, 71. 
Resembles fasciata but having the pale crossbar of 
elytra reduced to a quadrate spot and located a little 
nearer the middle. Males narrower than females and 
with the elytra shortened, exposing two segments of the 
abdomen. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. (Fig. 181.) 

Kosciusko, Putnam. Orange and Posey counties ; 
scarce. April 24-June 22. Probably only a va- 
riety of fasciata. Taken by sifting. 

969 (3017). Molamba lunata Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. ScL, VI, 1S52, 

144. 

Resembles fasciata but smaller and broader. Thorax mostly black 
with narrow dull yellow margins and apex. Elytra with a small lunate 
yellow spot on apical third ; their tips broadly rounded and margined with 
yellow, which extends a short distance along the sides ; surface finely and 
densely punctate. Length 1-1.3 mm. 

Marion and Perry counties; rare. April 7-May 20. 

Arihrolips decolor Lee, pale dull yellow, elytra minutely reticu- 
late, length .8 mm., and A. misellus Lee. blackish, thorax paler, 
elytra highly polished and distinctly punctate, length 1 mm., both 
have a range which may include Indiana. For shape of antenna of 
ArthroJips see Fig. ISO. No. 9. 

V. Orthoperus Steph. 1829. (Gr., "straight + pouch. ") 

The members of this genus are among the smallest of Coleoptera, 
and may be recognized by their oval, moderately convex form, ex- 
posed head and 9-jointed antennae (Fig. 180, No. 4.) Two species 
have been taken in Indiana, while a third may occur. 




Fig. 181. X 17*. 
(Original.) 



506 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCINELLIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ORTHOPERUS. 

a. Elytra not punctate, but marked with small V-shaped scratches; length 

•~ mm - SCUTELLARIS. 

aa, Elytra distinctly but finely and sparsely punctate; length not over 
.6 mm. 

b. Form oblong-oval ; length .6 mm. 970. glaber, 

bl). Form evenly oval, the sides more curved; length .5 mm. 

971. MICROS. 

0. scutellaris lee, black, legs and antennae paler, is known from 
Ohio and northern Illinois. 

970 (3029). Orthoperus glaber Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci„ VI, 1852, 

142. 

Oblong-oval. Picepus-black, glabrous, shining. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, narrowed in front, emarginate at apex, hind angles rectangular. 
Elytra very sparsely and obsoletely punctured. Length .6 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State ^.frequent. March 20-November 8. 
Taken by sifting. 

971 (— — )• Orthoperus micros Casey. Journ. X. T. Ent. Soc. VIII, 3900. 66. 
Rounded-oval. Piceous-black, glabrous, shining. Reticulations of sur- 
face distinct beneath the lens. Eyes separated on the front by but little 
more than twice their own width. Length .5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 19- July 4. 

Family XVI. COCCINELLID.E. 

The Lady Bugs. The Plant-louse Beetles. 

This family comprises a moderate number of rounded or hemi- 
spherical, rarely oblong, convex beetles, the larger members of 
which are well known under the common name first mentioned. In 
color they are generally red or yellow, with black spots, or black 
with white, red or yellow spots. The name Coceinella is derived 
from the Coccus, which produces the cochineal dyes so extensively 
used before the aniline dyes were discovered, and 
was suggested by the prevalence of red in the 
coloration ot many of these insects. In most 
eases the surface is glabrous, but in some of the 
smaller forms it is plainly pubescent. 

The most distinctive characters of the family 
are the three- jointed tarsi and the broad, hatchet- 
shaped terminal joint of the maxillarv palpi. 

Fig. 182. Coceinella. 1, An- . • ^ - . \ _. . , , 

tenna; 2, maxillary palpus; 3, ( h ig. ibz.) In addition they have the antenna 3 

tarsus. (After Westwood.) . 

11-jomted, terminating in a more or less distinct 
3-jointed club and inserted at the inner front margin of the eyes; 
head deeply immersed in the thorax, which is transverse, rather 




THE LADY BEETLES. 



507 



small, and strongly emarginate in front; elytra convex, not truncate 
at tip ; front coxae transverse, separate, the coxal cavities closed be- 
hind, except in Coccidalaj middle coxa 1 rounded; hind coxae trans- 
verse, widely separated; abdomen with five free ventral segments, 
the dorsal portions of which are partially membranous; tarsi 3- 
jointed. the second joint dilated and spongy beneath. 

Taking into consideration the foregoing characters. LeBaron has 
well said that: "In a systematic point of view the Coecinellidae 
occupy a remarkably anomalous and isolated position. Whilst hav- 
ing the rounded form of the plant beetles, the clavate antenna? of 
the scavengers, and the dilated palpi of the fungus beetles, they 
agree in food and habits with none of these, but resemble, in their 
predaceous habits, the ground beetles and the soft winged earnfvora. 
all of which have their bodies more or less elongated, their tarsi 5- 
jointed. their antenna"' filiform, and their palpi slender or but mod- 
erately dilated. ' ' 

The Coccinellida? are among the most beneficial of insects, being, 
with very few exceptions, predaceous in both the larval and adult 
stages. They seem to be especially adapted to keeping in check the 
extensive families' of plant lice, both the leaf-lice ( aphids) and the 
bark-lice (coccids) upon which they feed voraciously. It is not un- 
common to find in an orchard branches of trees thickly covered with 
the scales of bark-lice, almost every one of which has been torn open 
and its occupant devoured by these lady-beetles. They are also 
known to feed upon the eggs of many forms of larger insects, upon 
chinch bugs and upon spores of the lower cryptogams and pollen 
grains. After examining the stomach content of 39 specimens. Dr. 
S. A. Forbes states that "the function of" th'e beetles of this family 
of limiting the multiplication of plant-lice is expressed by the fact 
that these insects compose a fourth of the food of this entire collec- 
tion. The pollen of grasses and Composite make 14 per cent., the 
spores of lichens four per cent., and those of fungi 45 per cent., or 
nearly half the whole." Chinch bugs made up 10 per cent, of 
the entire food eaten by members of the genus Hippodamia, taken 
in a cornfield ivhere such bugs were abundant.* 

The larvae of the Coccinellida are oblong, blackish 
grubs, and are usually beset with spines, which are in 
turn armed with smaller spines or prickles, giving 
them, when magnified, a formidable appearance. 
(Fig. 183.^ In many cases the larva? are spotted or 
banded in reds, black and yellows. They bear some- (After Forbes.) 

*"The Food Relations of the Carabidfe and Coccinellidse" in Bull. Xo. 6, 111. Lab. Xat. Hist., 1883. 




508 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCINELLID J: . 



what a resemblance to a minute alligator in shape, and are known 
under that name by children in some parts of the country. As 
is the case with other grubs, they are much more voracious than 
the perfect beetles. When full grown the larva suspends itself 
by the hinder end to some convenient leaf or branch and either 
pushes the larval skin upwards, where it remains in a little wad 
about the tail, or remains within it until ready to emerge, when it 
bursts the skin open along the back and emerges a perfect beetle. 

The principal literature treating of the North American mem- 
bers of the family is as follows : 

LeC onte. — ' ' Remarks upon the Coccinellida? of the United 
States,," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. YI. 1852. 129-141. 

Crotch. — ' ' Revision of the Coccinellida? of the United States.'' 

in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. IY, 1873. 363-382. 
Le Co nte.~ 'Short Studies of North American Coleoptera (Ey- 

peraspis)," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880. 186-188. 
Horn. — "Studies in CoccinellidaB. " in Trans. Amer. Ent Soc. 

XXII, 1895, 81-114. 

Casey. — "A Revision of the American Coccinellidae. ' ' in Journ. 
N. Y. Entom. Soc. VII, 1899, 71-163. 

Leng. — "Notes on Coccinellidae." in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XI. 
1903. 35-15, 193-213 ; XVI, 1908, 33-44. 

About 150 members of the family are listed by Henshaw as be- 
longing to the North American fauna. To these Casey added in 
his Synopsis 179 new names, a number of which are evidently based 
on geographic races or varieties, while many of them will doubtless 
prove good species. Altogether it is probable that about 250 known 
species occur in this country. 

For convenience the family, as represented in the State, is first 
divided into eight tribes by the following table, modified from that 
used by Maj. Casey: 

KEY TO INDIANA TEIBKS OF COCCINELL1D.E. 

a. Middle coxrc narrowly separated; body elongate-oval, glabrous: legs 
long. free, the femora extending beyond the sides of the body : abdo- 
men with sixth segment visible in both sexes; head not deeply in- 
serted, the thorax strongly sinuate but not covering the eyes. 

Tribe I. Hippodamiixi. p. 509. 
aa. Middle coxrc widely separated: legs shorter, the femora generally not 
extending beyond the sides of the body: head deeply inserted, the 
thorax covering a large portion of the eyes. 
&. Front coxal cavities closed behind ; eyes finely faceted. 



THE LAD V BEETLES. 



509 



c. Body loosely jointed, generally rounded in form ; epipleura wide, 
concave, strongly descending externally. 
d. Frontal plate narrowed from the base, not covering the base of 
antenna?. 

e. Upper surface of body glabrous. 

Tribe II. Coccixeleixi. p. 512. 
ee. Upper surface of body pubescent : antenna 1 long, with loosely 
articulate club : thorax deeply emarginate at apex : mandi- 
bles bifid at tip and denticulate within. 

Tribe TIL Epilachxixi. p. 532. 
del. Frontal plate broadly dilated, concealing the base of antenna? 
and subdividing the eyes : upper surface glabrous ; body 
rounded, very convex : legs free or feebly retractile. 

Tribe III. Chtlocorixi. p. 517 
cc. Body compact, generally oval in form : epipleura narrow, gener- 
ally horizontal, flat or feebly concave. 
f. Abdomen composed of only five segments, the fifth triangular and 
longer than the three preceding combined : eyes entire ; base 
of antenna? exposed : size minute. Tribe IV. (Eneini, p. 519. 
tf. Abdomen with the sixth segment well developed, the fifth shorter. 
g. Body glabrous. Tribe V. Hyperaspixi. p. 519. 

gg. Body pubescent. Tribe VI. Scymnini, p. 524. 

lil). Front coxal cavities open behind; eyes coarsely faceted: body ob- 
long-oval, pubescent; abdomen with six segments: antennae long, 
the club loose : length less than 3.5 mm. 

Tribe VIII. Coccidulixi. p. 533. 



Tribe I. HIPPODAMIFXI. 

The members of this tribe are 
easily recognized from those 
which follow by having 1 the an- 




tenna? very short: body more a ^ ^ J/ cl x 

elongate and loosely formed : tip- Fi £- 184 - Tarsal claws of Coccinellidae. (After Leng.) 

per surface glabrous ; legs longer and less retractile. The tribe is 
represented in the State by three genera. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HIPPODAMIXXT. 

a. Tarsal claws simple (Fig. 184, /) ; body oval: hind angles of thorax ob- 
tuse but not rounded : length less than 3.5 mm. I. Axisosticta. 
aa. Tarsal claws either with a large tooth at base or bifid: length 4.5 mm. 
or more. 

I). Claws with a large epiadrate basal tooth ( Fig. 1S4, e) ; thorax with a 
narrow but distinct margin along the base. II. Megilla. 

hb. Claws bifid, the two lobes unequal in length and acutely pointed 
(Fig. 184, d) ; thorax not margined at base. III. Hippodaaiia. 



510 



FAMILY XVI. — CJCOINELLID.E. 



I. Anisosticta Dupcnehel. 1642. ( Gr., ' ' unequal + spot. ' ' ) 

One of the three recognized North American species occurs in 
the State. 




972 (3033). Anisosticta steigata Thumb., Ins. Suec. IX, 1794. 113. 

Ovate, somewhat elongate. 
Head yellow, black at base; 
thorax and elytra yellow, fine- 
ly punctate, the former with 
two obtriangular black spots, 
tl|j§ the outer front corner of each 
of these often isolated as a 

Fig 185 a, Anisosticta striata; b, var. of ' same;' c, Hi VT odamia dot; elytra with a Common M- 
gLacmas; d, Anahs 1 5 -punctata ;.e, same var. mali. (After Leng ) 

lobed spot on the scutellar re- 
gion and usually eight others on each, black ; some of these often more or 
less united to form fewer and larger spots. Beneath black; legs, antenna?, 
sides of abdomen and last ventral segment yellow. Length 3.3 mm. (Fig. 
185, a and 1). ) 

Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan near Pine and 
Millers, Lake County; scarce. March 26-June 29. A species of 
northern range. 



II. Megilla Muls. 1851. (A mythological name.) 

In this genus the thorax is subquadrate with the base sinuate, 
rounded and finely but distinctly margined. One species occurs in 
the State. 

*973 (3036). Megilla maculata DeGeer, Mem. V, 1775, 392. 

Oval, subconvex. Head black with a 
triangular red spot on front ; thorax 
and elytra reddish, the former with an 
obtriangular black spot on each side of 
median line; elytra with two black 
spots on suture and four (the second 
the largest) arranged longitudinally 
near the outer edge of each. Beneath 
black, the prosternum and a row of tri- 
angular spots on each side of abdomen, 
reddish. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig. 186.) 

Throughout the State; common. 
January 12-November 5. Gregari- 
ous in winter. During October it 
congregates beneath rubbish and rig. 186. x 6. (After Forbes.) 

logs, mullein leaves, etc. On several occasions I have found them 
in midwinter by thousands, huddled together beneath piles of the 




THE LADY BEETLES. 



511 



stems of the larger ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) in the low bottom 
lands of the Wabash River. 

III. Hippodamia Mills. 1846. (A mythological name.) 

Thorax subtransverse, not margined at base ; claws bifid ; hind 
tibial spurs distinct, Casey (Joe. tit.) lists 27 species of the genus 
from the United States, while Leng, in a later paper (loc,. cit.), re- 
duced these to ten, the others being regarded as either geographical 
races or synonyms. Of these four and one variety are known from 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HIPPODAMIA. 

a. Thorax black with broad pale lateral margins within each of which is 
a black dot ; tibia? and tarsi pale. 974. 13-punctata. 

ua. Thorax with a narrower white lateral margin, without distinct dot, but 
usually intruded upon by a more or less pronounced angulation of 
the central black area ; legs black throughout. 
1). Black disk of thorax nearly divided by a white quadrate spot at the 
middle of base, and an elongate triangular spot at apex. 

975. PAEENTHESIS. 

bb. Black disk of thorax without white spot at base and apex, but with 
two discal divergent white dashes. 
c. Front half of elytra without markings or with only a humeral 
black dot. 976. glacialis. 

cc. Elytra each with six small spots, three of which are on the front 
half. 

d, Spots of elytra all small and widely separated. 

977. CONVEJRGENS. 

dd. Spots much larger, the front one near suture apparently double. 

977a. var. 1 5 - m a c u lata . 
*974 ( 3050). Hippodamia 13-punctata Linn.. Syst. Nat., X. 1765, 336. 

Oblong-oval. Head black at base; thorax described in 
key and without discal divergent bars ; elytra each with six /dp|^ 
rounded black spots and a small common scutellar spot. T ^J^^BU 
Readily known by the pale tibiae and tarsi and the mark- I (MSB) 
ings of the thorax. Length 4.5-5.2 mm. (Fig. 187.) y 'IIP' > 

Frequent throughout the northern half of State; (A&RuIy.) 
less so southward. February 23-December 25. In one specimen 
from Laporte County the black area embraces nearly the entire 
upper surface of thorax and the spots of elytra are nearly double 
the usual size. 

*975 (3051). Hippodamia parenthesis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
IV, 1824, 93 ; ibid. II, 232. 
Oblong-oval. Head black at base and apex ; thorax described in key ; 
elytra reddish-yellow, with a large triangular common scutellar spot, a 
round spot on humerus, and a strongly curved subapical lunnle on each, 
black. Length 4-5 mm. 

[33—23402] 



512 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCtNELLIM. 



Throughout the State; frequent, April 1-December 18. The* 
black subapieal lutiule varies much in size and form, being some- 
times a large irregular blotch. 

976 ( 3044). Hippodamia glac talis Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, SO. 

Oblong-oval. Head black with a triangular yellow spot on center; tho- 
rax with the pale side margins wider in front and behind, the angular ex- 
tension of the black area well marked, the discal dashes distinct; elytra 
reddish with an oblique band Vhind the middle, and a large subapieal spot, 
black; rarely also a small black dot on the humerus. Beneath black, the 
ventral segments with a triangular reddish spot on each side. Length 6- 
7.5 mm. (Fig. 185, c.) 

■ Throughout the State • scarce. March 28-November 9. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Several specimens were taken beneath rubbish on 
the beach of Lake Michigan in May. 

*977 (3046). Hippodamia convergens Guer., Icon, du Reg., An., 1846, 321. 

Oblong-oval. Head black, the pale spot on 
center transverse, reaching the eyes; thorax 
with a narrow, nearly uniform pale border and 
two distinct discal bars; elytra reddish with a 
* common scutellar spot, and six small spots 
(sometimes partly or wholly obsolete), on each, 
black. Beneath uniform black. Length 4.8- 
6 mm. (Fig. 188.) 

Throughout the State; common. April.: ,. 
Fig. 188. (After Chittenden.) 14-December 20. Hibernates in company* 
with 13-punctata and parenthesis, beneath chunks and mullein 
leaves along the borders of cultivated fields. 

977a (3045). Hippodamia conveegens 15-maculata Muls., Spec, 1851, 20. 

A variety of the preceding, distinguished by having all the spots of ely- 
tra enlarged and partly coalescent, and the black disk of thorax with a dis- 
tinct angulation on the side as in glacialis. Length 6.5 mm. 

Laporte County; rare. August 26. Known heretofore only 
from Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas. 




Tribe II. COCCTNELLINI. 

The members of this tribe have the front coxal cavities closed; 
middle coxa? widely separated; base of antennas exposed; body 
loosely articulated, not very contractile; form usually rounded, 
sometimes oblong, and the surface never pubescent. It includes 
those lady-bugs most commonly met with, as the two-spotted lady- 
bug, Adalia bipunctata, often found in houses, and the nine-spotted 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



513 



lady-bug, Coccinella 9-noiata, .common in gardens. Most of {lie 
species resemble these common forms in size and shape, being 
rounded and convex. The tribe, as divided by Casey, comprises 
ten North American genera. In order to avoid the division into so 
many groups I have followed Leng by including the single genus 
Psyllobora of the tribe PsyllobOrini and combining certain genera 
with Coccinella. This gives in our fauna representatives of five 
genera. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COCCINELLINI. 

a. Body larger. 4-7.5 mm. ; antennae shorter with last joint truncate, 
ft. Antennae only slightly longer than head; epipleura not extending to 
the sutural tip. 

c. Body usually rounded, strongly convex; elytra reddish, without 
^pots or with more than two black spots on each; tarsal claws 
with a large subquadrate tooth at base. (Fig. 1S4, c.) 

IT. Coccinella. 

cc. Body oval, less convex ; elytra reddish with one or two black spots 
on each ; tarsal claws as in Fig. 1S4, b. V. Adalia. 

6ft. Antenna longer, extending at least to middle of thorax; epipleura 
entire. 

cl. Tarsal claws bifid (Fig. 184. a) ; prosternal process compressed in 
front: elytra without spots. YL Neomysia. 

(Id. Tarsal claws as in Coccinella ; prosternal process broad, strongly 
convex in a transverse direction and prominent at apex; elytra 
with numerous spots. VII. Anatis. 

aa. Body small. 2-2.5 mm. : antennae slender with last joint elongate. 

VIII. Psyllobora. 

IV. Coccinella Linn. 1758. (G-r., "scarlet + insect. ") 

Rounded, very convex forms having the front margin of the tho- 
rax more or less emarginate. They vary considerably in the black 
markings of thorax and elytra, and among them are some of the 
most common and best known of the "lady-bugs." The genus, as 
usually denned, was divided by Casey into four. viz.. Coccinella, 
Xcoharmonia. Cycloneda and Olla, and to them he ascribed 27 
species. Leng reunited the four and reduced the number of species 
to 12. Of these the following are known from the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COCCINELLA. 

a. Thorax black with narrow apical margin and a large subquadrate spot 
at each apical angle, pale. 
&. Elytra together normally with nine spots, without trace of sub-basal 

CT0SSbar - 978. 9- NOT AT A. 

65. Elytra with three black crossbars, the one near base common, the 
others interrupted at suture. 979. tkifasciata. 



514 



FAMILY XVI. COCCINELLID^E. 




aa. Thorax black, variegated with pale markings, or red or yellow with 
black spots. 

c. Body somewhat depressed; thorax red with four distinct black 
spots, the two hind ones oblique, elongate. 9S0. venusta. 

cc. Body strongly convex. 

d. Elytra reddish without spots; mesosternum truncate in front. 

981. SAXGUINEA. 

dd. Elytra pale brownish-yellow, each with eight small black dots; 
mesosternum broadly and rather feebly sinuate in front. 

982. ABDOMIXALIS. 

978 (3058). Coccixella 9-xotata Herbst, Kafer, V, 1793, 269. 
Hemispherical. Head pale, black at base; thorax described 

► ] in key; elytra with one common scutellar spot, and each with 
)V| four others black, the two front ones the smaller; the spots 
1 sometimes united into two oblique curved bars. Under sur- 
Fig. 189. face and legs black, the meso- and meta-epimera white. Length 

(After Riley.) 5.5^7 mm . (Fig. 189.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; especially so in cultivated 
grounds. January 7 -November 30. Hibernates beneath logs and 
mullein leaves. 

979 (3056). Coccixella teifasciata Linn., Syst. Nat, Ed. X, 1758, 365. 
Smaller and more narrowly oval than 9-notata. Head of male white, 

of female with two white spots ; thorax black at base, the apical margin 
and a broad space at each apical angle, whitish: elytra orange, the sub- 
basal black band not reaching side margins, the others interrupted at su- 
ture and each encircled with a narrow pale ring; legs and under surface 
black, the side pieces of meso- and metasterna white. Thorax finely and 
sparsely, elytra more coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Length 4.5- 
5 mm. (Fig. 191, c.) 

A boreal form of which a single specimen was taken by sweeping 
near Clear Lake. Steuben County. May 25. Probably occurs spar- 
ingly throughout the northern third of the State. 

980 ( 3055a). Coccixella vexusta Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill, 

1846. 175. 

Broadly rounded, feebly convex. Head black, yellow near the eyes: 
thorax described in key ; elytra red or reddish-yellow, each with five black 
spots, viz.. two sub-basal, two median and one large subapical, the latter 
prolonged forward to form a common sutural stripe extending nearly to 
middle. Length 5.5-6 mm. (Fig. 191, d.) 

A southern species taken in Jennings, Floyd and Crawford coun- 
ties; scarce.. June 23-July 12. The name a/finis Rand., of the Hen- 
maw- list was cited in error, and venusta is therefore a distinct 
species, not a variety. C. nolulala Muls., black above and beneath, 
thorax with an oblique pale border, elytra each with a transverse 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



515 



reddish cross-bar, is a color variety of venusta which has been 
recorded from near Cincinnati. 

*981 (3064). Coccinella sanguinea Linn., Cent. Ins., 1763, 11. 

Rounded-oval, somewhat convex. Head black, white in .u ^. 
front (male), or with two white spots (female) ; thorax ^^mS 
black with the front, sides and hind angles bordered with T^^' 'lllfK 
white, the front margin sending back three white spurs, the Jp%^j0\, 
lateral ones sometimes reaching the base; elytra dull red- Fig. 190. 
dish-yellow, without spots, the reflexed margins paler. Be- (After Forbes -) 
neath black, the tibiae and tarsi usually paler. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 190.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 23-October 16. 
Hibernates in small numbers. Common on flowers of goldenrod in 
autumn. Our form described above is the var, munda Say. 

982 (3065a). Coccinella abdominalis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
IV, 1824, 95 ; ibid. II, 233. 
Pale reddish-yellow ; thorax with seven black dots, five of which form 
an M-like mark on the disk; elytra described in key. Length 4.2-5 mm. 
(Fig. 191, e.) 

A southwestern species listed by both Casey and Leng from 
"Indiana," without definite locality. I have not seen a specimen 
from the State, and it occurs probablv only iu the lower Wabash 
Valley. 




Fig. 191. Figures of Coccinellini. (After Leng.) 



V. Ad alia Muls. 1851. (NL., an invented name.) 

Two species, both introduced by commerce, occur in the State. 
*983 (3067). Adalia bipunctata Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, 364. 

Oval. Head with two yellow frontal marks ; thorax with an M-shaped 
black mark on disk, the broad pale margins without a spot ; elytra reddish 
with a round black spot near center of each. Beneath black, the tarsi and 
sides of abdomen reddish-brown. Thorax finely and indistinctly punctate ; 
elytra more coarsely punctate. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 191, a.) 

Frequent throughout the State. January 1-December 7. Often 
passes the winter iu houses, being found on the walls and windows 
in late autumn and early spring. Very beneficial and should be 
protected and allowed to escape in spring. 



516 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCINELLTD^E. 



9S4 ( 3066). Adalta feigida Schneid. Neu. Mag. Ent, 1792, 172. 

Differs from Mpunctata in having a black point at center of broad yel- 
low margin of thorax, or thorax black, with front, sides and basal bilobed 
spot yellowish; elytra reddish, usually with two small spots near middle 
(var. ophthalmica Muls.), sometimes with two black bands (var. disjuncta 
Rand.), rarely wholly without black markings. Elytra rather coarsely and 
densely punctured. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig. 191, &.) 

One specimen (var. ophthalmica) in Webster collection labeled 
"Ind." Ranges across tJie northern part of North America, as far 
south as Ohio and Missouri. 

VI. Neomysia Casey. 1899. (Gr., "ney? + Mysia.") 

This genus replaces Mysia of the Henshaw list. It is repre- 
sented in the State by the single species : 

985 (3073). Neomysia pullata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Y. 1825. 
301 ; ibid. II, 346. 

Oval, strongly convex. Head black with two spots on sides of front 
yellow; thorax of male with disk black, the front margin narrowly, the 
sides broadly yellow, the latter enclosing a black spot; a small yellow spot 
in front of scutellum, which is. sometimes extended into a median pale 
space ; in female the disk brown ; elytra uniform dull reddish-brown. Un- 
der surface black, paler along the middle. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 191. f.) 

Lake and Posey counties ; scarce. May 20-July 8. Closely re- 
sembles Coccinella sanguined but larger and with different mark- 
ings on thorax. 

VII. Anatis Muls. .1846. (Gr., " harmless.") 

Broadly oval or rounded convex species, above the medium in 
size and having the thorax less transverse than usual and the punc- 
tuation rather coarse and unequal. One species and a variety occur . 
in the State. 

9S6 (3075). Anatis 15-punctata Oliv., Ent., YI, 1808. 1027. 

Oval, very broad, rather convex. Head black with two triangular yel- 
low spots on front; thorax with disk black, enclosing two pale spots at 
base; side margins broadly pale, with a marginal black spot near base; 
elytra yellow or reddish-brown, each with eight black spots, one scutellar. 
one on the humerus, three forming a median band and three subapical. 
Beneath black, the tibiae, tarsi and sides of abdomen pale reddish-brown. 
Length 6.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 1S5, d.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 18-October 22. Mates 
about mid- April and is then found in numbers on the flowers of 
the red haw (Cratcegus). In very dark specimens the spots of 
elytra are indistinct. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



517 



986a ( ). Anatis 15-punctata mali Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

IV, 1824, 93; ibid. I, 192. 
A variety of 15-punctata having the ground tint reddish-brown and each 
elytral spot surrounded by a broad pale border; the marginal spot of the 
median row divided or geminate. Length 8-9 mm. (Fig. 185, e.) 

A single specimen was taken from beneath a chunk on the 
beach of Lake Michigan, near Millers, Lake County, on May 13 ; 
15-punctata being common along the beach on the same elate. 

VIII. Psyllobora Chevr. 1806. (Gr., 1 1 a flea + to eat. ") 

Small oval or rounded convex species, having the upper surface 
pale, spotted with a darker tint; scutellum minute; mesosternum 
truncate ; tarsal claws with a large quadrate tooth on inner side near 
apex. One species occurs in Indiana. 

987 (3078). Psyllobora 20-macuiata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
IV, 1824, 96 ; ibid. II, 234. 
Rounded or broadly oval, convex. Yellowish-white; thorax with five 
black or brownish spots, the one in front of scutellum the smaller ; elytra 
each with nine spots, the two cliscal usually merged and sometimes joining 
the others partly together. Beneath pale brownish-yellow, the sternum 
and middle of ventral segments black. Thorax finely, elytra more strongly 
and closely, punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 191, g.) 

Frequent throughout the State. April 5-October 20. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Occurs in early spring in numbers about the base 
of skunk cabbage and on leaves of various shrubs. 

Tribe III. CHILOCORINI. 

Antenme very short, compact, narrowly elavate and inserted 
under a broadly dilated frontal plate, thus concealing their base; 
thorax very small, deeply emarginate in front and rounded behind; 
epipleura very broad, concave, strongly descending on the outer 
side; legs short, femora not extending beyond sides of body; tarsi 
beneath densely, spongy pubescent. Three genera compose the 
tribe, all of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHILOCORINI. 

a. Front tibia with a small tooth on outer margin near base; thorax pubes- 
cent toward sides ; length less than 6 mm. IX. Chilocorus. 
aa. Front tibia without a tooth ; thorax not pubescent toward the side mar- 
gins. 

~b. Body convex, not compressed nor excavated beneath ; size small, not 
over 3.5 mm. x . Exochomus. 

bl). Body very convex, subcompressed above, excavated beneath for the 
femora ; size large, 6 or more mm. XI. Axion. 



518 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCINELLIDJE. 




IX. Chilocorus Leach. 1817. (Gi\, "lip or labrum + shield.'') 

Abdomen and epipleurae concave for the femora; tarsal claws 
toothed. 

*988 (3080). Chilocokus bivulnerus Muls., Spec, des Col. Trim., 1851, 460. 

Broadly oval, very convex. Black, shining ; ely- 
tra each with a rounded red spot near the center ; 
beneath black, the ventral segments red. Elytra 
finely but distinctly punctured. Length 4-5 mm. 
(Fig. 192.) 

Fig. m. Larva and adult. Frequent throughout the State. January 
(After Forbes.) 8-November 20. Hibernates beneath rubbish, 

and on the wing on the first warm days of spring, when it is often 
to be seen resting on the sunny sides of rails, fence posts, trunks of 
trees, etc. A little later often found on the flowers of the red haw 
(Cratcegus) . 

X. Exochomus Redt. 1843. (dr., "prominent f shoulder.") 

Small rounded convex species having the tarsal claws toothed, 
hind legs not retractile and color of elytra variable, One species is 
known from the State. 

989 (3083). Exochomus margijntipennis Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat Hist., I, 1824, 
170. 

Broadly oval, convex, glabrous, shining. Head and thorax black in 
female, the latter with sides reddish-yellow in male; elytra reddish-yel- 
low with black markings, which, in the male at hand, consist of two large 
black spots on each. Elytra sparsely and finely punctulate. Male with 
fifth ventral segment truncate, disclosing a small sixth segment. Length 
3 mm. 

Orange County; rare. June 2. Peaten from foliage of oak. 
The specimen belongs to Casey's variety latiusculus, in which the 
black spots of elytra are sometimes distinct, sometimes united at 
suture to form transverse bands. A member of the Austroriparian 
fauna. 



XI. Axion Muls. 1850. (Gr., a classical name.) 

The species of this genus are the largest of the tribe and are 
strongly convex and subcompressed. They are colored nearly as in 
Chilocorus, having the upper surface deep black with one or two red 
spots on each elytron ; very nearly without punctures, the thorax 
being very feebly punctate near the side margins and having the 
apical margin near the angles always more or less pale. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



519 



990 ( ). Axion plagiatum Oliv., Ent. VI, 1808, 1044. 

Broadly oval, very convex. Black, strongly shining; head and nar- 
row space near apical margins of thorax reddish ; elytra each with a large 
round, brick-red spot on sides in front of middle. Beneath reddish-yel- 
low, the middle of abdomen black. Length 6.5 mm. 

Known from the State by a single male taken by Wolcott near 
Pine, Lake County. May 20. Resembles Chilocorus bivulnerus, 
but much larger, more convex and with smooth upper surface. The 
head is usually wholly black and the red spot of elytron is said to 
be much larger in female than in male. 

Tribe IV. GENEINI. 

The principal characters of this group are set forth in the 
tribal key. The species are glabrous or nearly so and are among 
the most minute members of the Coccinellida?. The tribe is repre- 
sented in North America by the single genus : 

XII. Delphastus Casey. 1899. 

Antenna? well developed, with a compressed elliptical club ; tho- 
rax as wide as. elytra, short and transverse; scutellum well de- 
veloped, a little longer than wide; coxae all remotely separated; 
front femora greatly dilated, when in repose completely conceal- 
ing the tibia? and tarsi. 

991 (3088). Delphastus pusillus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 135. 

Oblong-oval, when in repose almost globose. Black, very shining ; head, 
legs and sides of thorax pale in the male. Head and thorax finely, sparsely 
punctate ; the latter distinctly margined. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 28-August 11. Beaten 
from vegetation or taken from beneath stones. 

< i 
Tribe V. HYPER ASPINI. 

Species below the medium in size, and having the body oval or 
hemispherical, compact and usually contractile ; antennae short and 
H-jointed; epipleura?, in our genera, hollowed out for the reception 
of the knees of middle and hind legs ; scutellum well developed and 
triangular; legs short, stout and strongly retractile; front coxae nar- 
rowly separated; prosternum flat. Two genera are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HYPERASPINI. 

a. Front tibiae with a strong spine on outer edge near middle ; eyes with a 
small emargination in front. XIII. Bbachyacantha. 

aa. Front tibiae without spines ; eyes entire ; elytral spots well defined and 
usually fewer in number. XIV. Hyperaspis. 



520 



FAMILY XVI. — COCClNELLlD^. 



XIII. Brachyacantha Chev. 1834. (Gr., "short + spine.") 

Oval, strongly convex, black beetles, in our species having each 
elytron marked with either two or five distinct, rounded yellow or 
orange spots. Four species occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRACHYACANTHA. 

a. Elytra each with five clearly defined yellow spots, one humeral, one 
larger basal, two near the middle and one subapical. 
1). Elytral spots, except the humeral, well developed and subequal in 
size. 

c. Larger, 2.5-3 mm. ; basal spot never much more than semicircular, 
broadly truncated by the basal margin. 992. ursina. 

cc. Smaller, 2-2.2 mm. ; basal spot almost fully circular. 

993. STELLATA. 

bl). Elytral spots smaller and unequal, the two median much smaller 
than the otners. 994. 10-pustulata. 

aa. Elytra each with two spots, one basal, one subapical. 

995. QUADRIPUNCTATA. 

992 (3095). Brachyacantha ursina Fab., Mant, 1798, 61. 
Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining ; head yellow ; thorax with apical 

margin yellow in male, the region of apical angles only, yellow in female; 
elytra with spots as described in key. Beneath black ; legs pale, the base 
of femora darker. Thorax and elytra both finely but distinctly and evenly 
punctate. Length 2.7-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 21 -July 20. Occurs es- 
pecially on the leaves and flowers of the common milkweed (As- 
clepias syriaca L.) 

993 (— — ). Brachyacantha stellata Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, 

1899, 117. 

Close to ursina and perhaps only a variety. Color nearly the same, 
the spots proportionally larger. Punctures of elytra coarser and sparser; 
surface more shining. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Putnam, Lawrence, Orange, Posey, Perry and Crawford coun- 
ties; frequent. May 11-June 1. The legs are not always "pale 
throughout" as mentioned by Casey, the basal half of femora being 
sometimes dark. 

994 (3095a). Brachyacantha 10-pustulata Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Ill, 1847, 179. 
Resembles ursina but smaller. Pale front border of thorax wider in 
male; head of female sometimes black with an orange spot on vertex. 
Punctures coarser and much less numerous. Length 1.8-2.3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 31-June 24. Usually given 
as a variety of ursina, but the differences are sufficient to justify its 
holding specific rank. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



521 



995 (3096). Brachyacantha quadripunctata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Set, III, 1847, 178. 
Broadly rounded. Black, shining, coarsely and rather sparsely punc- 
tate ; head yellow in male, black with a yellow V-like mark in female ; tho- 
rax with front margin narrowly yellow in male, the region of apical angles 
broadly yellow in that sex, narrowly yellow in female ; elytral spots large, 
rounded. Beneath black, the tibiae and tarsi paler. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Vigo, Posey and Jackson counties ; scarce. Occurs especially on 
maple trees infested with plant lice. May 20-July 8. Casey calls it 
basalis Melsh. The two names were proposed by Melsheimer at the 
same time, 4-punctata on page 178, and basalis on page 179, the 
former therefore having priority. 

XIV. Hyperaspis Eedt. 1843. (Gr., " above + a shield.") 

Small, oval or rounded, black beetles having the elytra margined 
or spotted with paler, often both. Distinguished from Brachya- 
cantha by having the outer margin of front tibise unarmed. Bight 
species and one variety are known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPERASPIS. 

a. Side margins of elytra with a reddish or yellow stripe, this rarely 
broken so as to form a subapical spot. 
b. Elytra without a second stripe, but often with a red or yellow spot 
on side of disk. 

c. Discal spot of elytra, if present, connected with marginal band. 
d. Stripe on side of elytra expanding into a large rounded discal 
spot a little behind the middle. 996. bolteri. 

dd. Stripe only feebly undulating on the inner margin, its hind por- 
tion often separated as a distinct oval subapical spot. 

997. FIMBRIOLATA. 

cc. Discal spot of elytra distinct from marginal band, the latter some- 
times broken into separate spots ; side margins of thorax yellow 
in both sexes. 998. undulata. 

l)~b. Elytra with a second yellow stripe on side of disk. 999. 4-vittata. 
aa. Side margins of elytra without a reddish or yellowish stripe. 

e. Elytra black with one or two rounded red or yellowish subapical 
spots and usually with a large discal spot. 
f. Side margins of elytra without a spot ; legs in part or wholly black. 
g. Subapical spot single. 

h. Larger discal spot present, subapical small ; sides and apical 
margin of thorax yellow in male. 1000. signata. 

hh. Discal spot absent, subapical larger; sides of thorax with a 
large rounded orange spot. 1001. bigeminata. 

gg. Subapical spots two, discal spot present; sides of thorax yellow 
in both sexes. 1000b. var. proba. 

ff. Side margins of elytra with a spot opposite the discal spot ; legs 
yellow. 1002. pratensis. 

( r. Elytra black without subapical spots but with a large round spot near 
the center of disk ; thorax as in signata. 1000a. var. binotata. 



522 FAMILY XVI. — COCOINELL/ID^E. 

996 (3100). Hyperaspis bolteri Lee, Trans. Airier. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 
186. 

Broadly rounded, strongly convex. Black, sinning ; head and sides of 
thorax of male pale; elytra with a pale red margin, reaching nearly to 
apex, this expanded into or confluent with a large discal spot a little be- 
hind the middle; front and middle legs pale. Upper surface strongly and 
rather closely punctured. Length 3 mm. 

Taken in small number^ by Woleott near Pine, Lake County. 
April 29-June 4. Described from Illinois. 

*997 (3101). Hyperaspis eimbriolata Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
III, 1847, 180. 

Rounded, subconvex. Black, shining; elytra with a narrow yellow 
marginal stripe ; this often broken on apical third, leaving a free, oval sub- 
apical spot (var. dissoluta Or.). Male with head and thorax in front and 
on sides, yellow. Upper surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. 
Length 2.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Dubois and Perry counties; rare. May 14-Decem- 
ber 10. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and other rubbish; 
taken in spring by sweeping. 

*998 (3105). Hyperaspis undulata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, IV, 
1824, 92 ; ibid. II, 231. 

Elongate-oval ; subdepressed. Black, shining ; male with head, narrow 
apical margin and sides of thorax yellow; female with only the sides of 
thorax yellow ; elytra with an oval spot near center and a narrow three- 
lobed band on sides, yellow. Length 2.3-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-December 7. Oc- 
curs on herbage in low, moist ground. 

999 (3122). Hyperaspis 4-vittata Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 133. 

Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black, shining, finely punctate ; side mar- 
gins of thorax narrowly yellow ; elytra with a narrow marginal and a wider 
dorsal stripe pale yellow, the latter not reaching base or apex. Head and 
thorax of male reddish-yellow. Length 2.5 mm. 

Taken by Woleott near Pine, Lake County; scarce. May 21- 
June 4. 

1000 (3110). Hyperaspis signata Oliv., Ent., VI, 1801, 92. 

Rounded, strongly convex. Black, shining, thickly and rather strongly 
punctate. Male with head and narrow apical and side margins of thorax, 
yellow ; female with head and thorax wholly black. Subapical spot of ely- 
tra about one-fourth the size of one on disk. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. April 25. In two specimens at hand 
one has the subapical spot red and situated about as far from the 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



523 



hind margin as from the suture; the other has the spot yellow and 
located much farther from the suture, in usual situation of second 
spot in proba. 



1000a ( 



Hypekaspis signata btnotata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., V, 1826, 302 ; ibid. II, 34G. 



A variety of signata having the sub- 
apical spot lacking. Color and struc- 
ture otherwise exactly as in that spe- 
cies ; the females a little larger. Length 
2.3-3.5 mm. (Fig. 192a.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. 
Hibernates beneath chunks and 
rubbish in waste places. January 
6-October 17. Usually regarded as 
a mere form of signata. Casey, 
however, gives it specific rank. 

1000b (3112) 




Fig. 192a. a, beetle; b, antennae; c, maxillary palpi 
d, pupa. (After Forbes.) 



Hyperaspis signata proba Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V, 1826, 303 ; ibid. II, 347. 
Resembles signata but smaller and less convex. Head and thorax of 
male as in that species; elytra with two small subapical reddish-yellow 
dots and a much larger and deeper red discal spot. Surface more finely 
punctured. Length 2.3-2.7 mm. 

Lake, Steuben, Knox and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 16- 
July 10. A large series of specimens will doubtless show signata, 
binotata and proba to be color forms of one species. 

1001 (3114). Hyperaspis bigeminata Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. II. 32. 
Rounded, convex. Black, shining; head with a large yellow frontal 

spot in male, wholly black in female; thorax with a large internally 
rounded orange spot each side; elytra with a similar circular spot just 
before the apex. Elytra strongly, thorax more finely punctured. Length 
2.5-2.8 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko. Putnam and Marion counties ; scarce. 
May 25-July 4. 

1002 (3115). Hyperaspis pratensis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI. 

1852, 134. 

Broadly oval, subconvex. Black, shining; male with head and broad 
side margin of thorax yellow ; elytra each with three yellow spots, the larg- 
est on middle of disk, a marginal one opposite this and one subapical. Tho- 
rax finely and closely, elytra more coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 
3-3.5 mm. 

One in AYebster collection labelled "Ind." Recorded hereto- 
fore onlv from Kansas. 



524 



FAMILY XVI.— COCCINELLIDiE. 



Tribe VI. SCYMNINI. 

This tribe embraces a large number of small species readily 
recognized by the distinct pubescence of the upper surface. The 
genus Smilia, though composed of apparently glabrous forms, is 
combined with the other genera on account of a similarity in struc- 
ture. In all our forms the antennae are scarcely as long as the 
head, thorax deeply emarginate in front and rounded behind; front 
and middle legs more or less contractile, with the thighs sulcate be- 
neath for the reception of the tibhe. Casey separates the tribe into 
six genera, four of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SCYMNINI. 

a. Thorax not deeply eniarginate ; . antennae apparently 11- jointed, free; 
front coxa? moderately separated. 
b. Thorax with a fine, obliquely impressed line behind the front angles ; 
body apparently glabrous, yet finely pubescent under high power ; 
tarsal claws simple. XV. Smilia. 

M. Thorax without an oblique line near the front angles; body always 
distinctly pubescent ; tarsal claws bifid. 
c. Clypeus prolonged for a Considerable distance before the eyes, the 
sides converging; antennae inserted in small shallow emargina- 
tions just before the eyes; prosteruum flat, not at all deflexed 
toward the tip, generally bicarinate. XVI. Scymnus. 

cc. Clypeus extremely short before the eyes, truncate with rounded 
angles, the antenna? inserted under its sides adjoining the eyes ;, 
prosternum transversely convex, not carinate, broadly and grad- 
ually deflexed, forming a protection to the mouth in repose. 

XVII. Stethoeus. 

aa. Thorax very short and broad and deeply emarginate in front ; antennae 
apparently 9-jointed ; front coxte very widely separated. 

XVIII. Cephaloscymnus. 

XV. Smilia Weise. 1891. 

.Here belong very small rounded species formerly classed under 
the genus PenUlia. Of the six listed from the United States, one is 
known from Indiana. 

1003 (3090). Smilia misella Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 100. 

Oval, convex. Uniform black, shining. Thorax nearly smooth, the 
impressed line near the front angles fine and indistinct. Elytra rather 
coarsely, sparsely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Length .8-1 mm. ( Fig. 
193.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 13-May 29. Occurs 
especially on fruit trees infested with San Jose scale and one of the 
most beneficial beetles preying upon that injurious insect. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



525 



XVI. Scymntts Kug. 1794. (Gr, "a cub or whelp.") 

This genus comprises a very large number of minute, pubescent 
forms which occur on foliage in spring and summer and are readily 
taken by beating. Horn, in his " Studies" in 1895, listed and de- 
scribed 45 species from the United States. Casey, in his Revision 
in 1899, increased this number to 118 and left the genus, as Bow- 
ditch has well put it, "a wilderness." Thirteen species have been 
recognized among those collected in Indiana, while several others 

doubtless occur. 
3> 




Fig. 193. Smilia misella; a, adult; b, larva; c, pupa; d, all stage?, larvae and adults feeding on San Jos£ 
scale in calyx cup of pear. All much enlarged. (After Howard and Marlatt.) 

As the term "metacoxal line" is used extensively in the key, I 
quote from Dr. Horn 's Revision of the genus as follows : ' ' The 
first ventral segment exhibits the character of greatest value in the 
division of species. Behind the coxal cavity is a slightly elevated 
line beginning at the inner edge of the cavity passing more or less 
obliquely and curved toward the first suture, sometimes joining the 
suture and continuous with it (Fig. 194, No. 1), or running parallel 
with the suture (Fig. 194, No. 2). or recurving to the front and 
when entire ending near the front angle of the segment. (Fig. 
194, No. 4). In the present essay this line is called the 'metacoxal 
line.' " Casey calls the lines "abdominal Lines." To see them 
plainly the hind femora must be lifted up or pushed to one side and 



526 



FAMILY XVI. — COCCINELLIDiE. 



the specimens should be so mounted that this can be readily done. 
For convenience the Indiana species are first separated into two 
groups. 




• ,'C 

fee 





b" A iy\ A j3 U a It' 

Fig. 194. a, metacoxal line;>, first ventral suture; c, hind coxal cavity. (After Horn.) 

KEY TO GROUPS OF SPECIES OF INDIANA SCYMNUS. 

a. Metacoxal line incomplete, gradually curving into the first ventral su- 
ture and forming a part thereof, or not joining said suture. (Fig. 
194. Nos. 1, 2 and 3.) Group A. 

aa. Metacoxal line forming an entire arc beginning at the inner border of 
the coxal cavity and ending at or near the outer front angle of the 
first segment. (Fig. 194. No. 4.) Group B. 

Group A. 

This group includes the Indiana species belonging to Groups 
A, B and C of Horn's "Studies in Coecinellidae, " and in addition 
a few that have since been described. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Metacoxal line passing in an oblique curve from the hind coxal cavity 
to the first ventral suture and joining the latter. (Fig. 194, No. 1.) 
b. Elytra piceous, each with two pale spots. 

c. Head and thorax yellow, the latter sometimes with piceous basal 

SP0t. 1004. LIEBECKI. 

cg. Head and thorax black ; form oval ; elytral spots small and oval. 

MYRMIDON. 

66. Elytra piceous with a large yellow spot at apex, but without spots 
on disk. 

cl. Thorax black with the apex narrowly, the front angles more broad- 
ly yellow. 1005. terminatus. 
(Id. Thorax yellow with a black basal spot. 1006. partitus. 
aa. Metacoxal line not joining the first ventral suture. 

e. Metacoxal line extending outward, parallel with the suture and at a 
slight distance therefrom. (Fig. 194. No. 2.) 
f. Elytra wholly reddish-brown or dull brownish-yellow. 

1007. intrusus. 
ff. Elytra black or piceous, marked with yellow spots. 

g. Each elytron with one rounded yellow spot behind the middle; 
thorax black. 1008. flavifrons. 

gg. Each elytron with two oval spots. ornatus. 
ee, Metacoxal line recurved at the outer end (Fig. 194, No. 3) ; elytra 
black, narrowly tipped with red; thorax with black disk and red 
margins. 1009. americanus. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



527 



1004 ( ). Scymnus liebecki Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXII, 

1S95, 89. 

Oval, convex. Head and thorax yellow, the latter darker in front of 
scutellum ; elytra piceous with a narrow apical border, a small round spot 
in front of middle, nearer the suture than the side, and a slightly sinuous 
crossbar one-third from apex, yellow. Abdomen reddish-yellow, punctate. 
Legs yellow. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. (Fig. 195, a.) 

I have not seen this species from the State. Part of Horn's 
types came from near Elkhart, Indiana, and were probably col- 
lected by R. J. Weith ; others were from southern New Jersey. 

S. myrmidon Muls., length 1.5-2 mm., is known from Pennsyl- 
vania and Maryland. 




Fig. 195. a, Scymnus liebecki; b, S. flavifrons; c, terminatus; d, Coccidula lepida. All greatly enlarged. 

(After Horn.) 

1005 (3135). Scymnus terminals Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I. 1835, 

203; ibid. II, 671. 

Oval, very little longer than wide. Piceous ; head, narrow side mar- 
gins of thorax, legs and apex of elytra reddish-yellow. Thorax distinctly 
narrower in front, the disk rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third longer 
than wide, a little more coarsely but less closely punctate; abdomen yellow, 
piceous at base or wholly piceous ; legs reddish-yellow. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 
(Fig. 195, c.) 

Lawrence. Clark, Perry and Posey counties; scarce. April 22- 
October 16. 

1006 ( ). Scymnus paetitus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VI, 1S99, 

158. 

Resembles terminatus but differs in color of thorax. Elytra broadly 
oval, together scarcely longer than wide, the punctures closer than in ter- 
minatus and the pubescence less conspicuous. Length 1.5-1.7 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties; rare. April 21-September 2. De- 
scribed from Texas. 

1007 ( ). Scymnus intrusus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXII. 

1895. 93. 

Oval, very little longer than wide, moderately convex. Dull brownish- 
yellow throughout, or slightly darker along the suture. Thoracic disk 
[34—23402] 



528 



FA M1LY XVI. — COCCINELLIDJE. 



sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra longer than wide, rather closely, 
not coarsely punctate; pubescence coarse and conspicuous. Length 1.5- 
2 mm. 

Starke, Putnam and Posey counties; a single specimen from 
each. March 20-December 6. One was taken from beneath chunk 
in a fence row on the latter date. 

8. ornatus Lee, length 2-2.5 mm., is a boreal species Avhich may 
occur in northern Indiana. 

1008 (3133). Scymnus flavifrons Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 

1847, 181. 

Oval. Black ; an oval yellow spot on each elytron one-third from apex 
and equally distant from side and suture; head often, tibia? and tarsi 
always, yellow. Thorax narrower in front, the surface sparsely punctate. 
Elytra rather coarsely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 195, b.) 

Steuben, Vermillion, Marion and Martin counties; scarce. Prob- 
ably hibernates. March 14- June 15. Those on the former date 
were taken from a freshly cut maple stump where they were feed- 
ing on sap. Our form is the one commonly called bioculatus Muls., 
which both Horn and Casey place as a small variety of flavifrons. 

1009 (3138). Scymnus americanus Mills., Spec. Sec, 1850, 965. 
Broadly oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black ; thorax usually 

orange red with a central piceous space, sometimes black throughout ; ely- 
tra narrowly margined with red at apex ; legs yellow or piceous. Thorax 
narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, disk sparsely punctate. Elytra 
coarsely and sparsely punctate, the pubescence coarse, rather long, ashy and 
conspicuous. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 5-December 25. Hiber- 
nates beneath logs and rubbish. Taken while sweeping grass or 
beating foliage. 

Group B. 

This group corresponds to Group 1). of Honrs paper, the meta- 
coxal line forming a complete arc beginning at the inner edge of 
the hind coxal cavity, sometimes touching, at the apex of the curve, 
the first suture and ending nearly at the outer front angle of the 
segment. (Pig. 194. No. 4.) 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Form broadly oval, the margins of thorax and elytra continuous ; elytra 
uniform in coloration on the disk, not considering the apex. 
&. Elytra pale at apex, either merely bordered with yellow T or with an 
apical area of that color. 
c. Elytra with a wide, pale, common area at apex. 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



529 



d. Form broadly oval ; apical spot not extending over one-fifth the 
length of suture. 

e. Apex of elytra dull yellow ; thorax sparsely and obsoletely 
punctate throughout. (Fig. 196, c.) 1010. fraternus. 

ee. Apex of elytra reddish ; thorax distinctly and coarsely punc- 
tate at middle, more finely and sparsely at sides. 

1011. CAUDALIS. 

dd. Form oblong-oval ; apical spot comprising nearly a third of the 
upper area ; last three segments of abdomen yellow. 

1012. RUBRICAUDA. 

cc. Elytra narrowly pale at apex. 
f. Thorax partly black. 
g. Legs entirely reddish-yellow ; first ventral segment of male 
without pubescence. (Fig. 196, a.) 1013. collaris. 

gg. Legs pale, the femora piceous ; first ventral segment of male 
with a median smooth area surrounded by short pubescence. 

1014. PUXCTICOLLIS. 

ff. Thorax entirely yellow. 1015. cervicalis. 

bb. Elytra entirely black. 

Ji. Species larger, 2-2.5 mm.; thorax entirely black. 

1016. TEXEBROSUS. 

////. Smaller, not over 1.5 mm.; front angles of thorax usually pale. 

NANUS. 

tta. Form oblong; thorax narrower at base than base of elytra; elytra black, 
each with a small oval red spot at center of disk. (Fig. 196, b.) 

PUXCTATUS. 

1010 (3145). Scymnus featernus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, VI, 

1S52. 138. 

Broadly oval. Piceous black ; head black or yellowish ; thorax reddish- 
yellow at sides, with a central piceous spot which is variable in size ; elytra 
with a yellowish area at apex which never extends along the suture more 
than a fifth of its length. Abdomen piceous, paler at sides and apex ; legs 
reddish-yellow. Thorax and elytra punctate but not closely nor densely. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 196. c.) 

Our most common species ; found throughout the State. Hiber- 
nates. January 6-Xovember 1. This species includes the form 
generally listed as ha-morrhous Lee. the types showing, as stated by 
Horn, "that they were established on uniques, the differences being 
merely individual, fraternus having the greater extent of yellow on 
the thorax. " * 

1011 (3149). Scymxus caudalis Lee. Agass. Lake Sup., 1S50, 23S. 
Broadly oval. Black ; head, side margins of thorax, tibia? and tarsi 

and large, often somewhat indistinct spot on apex of elytra, dull reddish ; 
femora piceous. Thorax but little more than twice as wide as long, sides 
moderately convergent, evenly curved. Elytra quite coarsely and closely 
but not densely punctate. First ventral segment of male with a large me- 
dian area at apex glabrous and impunctate. Length 2-2.3 mm. 

*Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, XXII, 101. 



530 



FAMILY XVI. — COGCINELTJD^J. 



Taken by Wolcott near Pine, Lake County; rare. May 20. 
Described from Lake Superior and Georgia. Resembles the preced 7 
ing but more robust, with larger spot on apex of elytra and with 
piceous spot on thorax reaching nearly to apex. 

1012 ( ). Scymnus RUBRi cauda Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, 

1899, 141. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black ; sides of thorax and a large apical ely- 
tra! space reddish-yellow; head piceous or yellow; antennae, legs and last 
three segments of abdomen reddish-yellow. Elytra rather closely and dis- 
tinctly, thorax sparsely and indistinctly, punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. January 7-July 
12. Known from fraternus by its smaller size, more narrow and 
less convex form and the larger relative area of yellow spot at apex 
of elytra. 




Fig. 196. a, Scymnus collaris; b, S. punctatus; c. S. fraternus. (After Horn.) 



1013 (3148). Scymnus collaris Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1847, ISO. 

Regularly oval, convex. Piceous, rather shining; head and thorax red- 
dish-yellow, the latter with a median piceous spot of variable size ; apex of 
elytra narrowly pale red; abdomen piceous, the last three segments usually 
yellowish; legs entirely reddish-yellow. Thorax more distinctly punctate 
at middle than at sides. Length 2-2.2 mm. (Fig. 196, a.) 

Martin County; scarce. July 13. 

1014 (3152). Scymnus puncticollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 139. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black, rather dull ; head piceous ; thorax black 
with the sides indefinitely yellow, usually with the apical angles alone pale; 
apex of elytra narrowly reddish ; tibiae and tarsi pale, femora piceous. 
Thorax more closely punctate toward the sides. Elytra rather closely and 
more coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; Steuben County, rare. April 
21-December 23. 

1015 (3153). Scymnus cervicalis Muls., Spec. Sec, 1850, 984. 

Oval, convex. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous, 
at apex very narrowly margined with reddish-yellow ; abdomen black, the 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



531 



terminal segments pale. Thorax very sparsely punctate, the basal marginal 
line distinct. Elytra rather coarsely but not closely punctate. Length 
1.8-2.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-November 28. 

1016 (3156). Scymnus tenebeosus Muls., Spec. Sec, 1850, 989. 
Broadly oval, strongly convex. Uniform black, shining ; sparsely pubes- 
cent; legs red or reddish-brown. Thorax narrowed in front, sides feebly 
curved, surface finely, equally and sparsely punctate. Elytra much more 
coarsely and closely punctured than thorax. Length 1.8-2.3 mm. 

Three specimens from near Pine and Hessville, Lake County, 
and one from "Warren County. May li-July 14. Should occur 
throughout the State. 

S. nanus Lee, legs reddish, length 1.3-1.5 mm., is known from 
Michigan and Florida. S. pumtatus Melsh., length 1.5 mm., is 
recorded from Canada, Pennsylvania and Texas. 

XVII. Stethorus Weise. 1891. (Gr., 1 ' breast + margin.") 

The members of this genus are nearly as small as those of Smilia. 
They differ irom Scymnus, as shown in the generic key, mainly in 
the structure of the front of head and prosternum. 

1017 (3160). Stethokus punctum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci., VI, 

1852, 141. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black, shining; antennae and legs yellow, the 
femora black, with the apex pale. Thorax narrowed in front, the surface 
sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and coarsely at sides. Elytra 
sparsely but distinctly punctate ; covered with a sparse and fine pubescence. 
Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 17-October 17. Taken 
by sifting rubbish from damp hillsides and borders of marshes. 

XVIII. Cephaloscymnus Crotch. 1873. (Gr., "head + cub.") 

Small, oblong-oval, rather depressed pubescent species, having 
the front coxal cavities open behind; head large, front vertical; 
last joint of maxillary palpi long, slender, pointed ; thorax at base 
narrower than elytra; prosternum short and broad. 

1018 (3169). Cephaloscymnus zimmermanni Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc, IV, 1873, 382. 
Broadly oval, feebly convex. Black, slightly bronzed, sparsely clothed 
with gray pubescence; legs piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler. Thorax three 
times as wide at base as long at middle, coarsely and closely punctured : 
front angles prominent on account of the deeply emarginate apex. Elytra 
more sparsely and coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 1.5-2.2 mm. 



532 



FAMILY XVI. C0CCIXELLID3£. 



Knox County ; rare. July 2. A southern form known hereto- 
fore from Maryland, South Carolina and Ohio. 

Tribe VII. EPILACHXIXI. 

This tribe is represented in the United States by two or three 
large pubescent species, belonging to the single genus Epilaclma. 
They have the margin of the elytra rather strongly reflexed; epi- 
pleurae horizontal, broadly concave: legs moderately retractile: 
tarsal claws cleft, the lower cusp being nearly as long as the upper 
one. One species occurs sparingly in southern Indiana. 

XIX. Epilachxa Chev. 1844. (Gr., ' ' above + woolly hair. ") 
1019 (3171). Epilachna boeealis Fab.. Syst. Ent.. 1775, 82. 

Very broadly oval. Pale orange yellow, shining, the pubescence short, 
rather abundant. Thorax with an apical and basal black spot on the rue- 




Fig. 197. Epilachna borealis: a, larva; b, pupa; c, adult beetle; d, egg; e, surface of same. All highly 
magnified. (After Chittenden,~Bull. XIX, Dir. Ent,, U. S. Dep. Agr.) 

dian line, the basal the larger, and one at each side near the margin. Ely- 
tra each with seven black spots, three sub-basal, three median and one sub- 
apical, the last named the largest ; the inner sub-basal and median on each 
side uniting to form two common sutural spots. Metasternum blackish, legs 
pale. Length 7-8 mm. (Fig. 197.) 

Orange, Perry. Crawford and Posey counties; frequent, April 
9-Xovember 9. Taken beneath bark in early spring and late fall, 
and at other times on foliage. Hibernates in large colonies beneath 
leaves in low ground. This insect, known as the "squash lady- 
bird," presents a remarkable exception in food habits to other mem- 
bers of the Coceinellida?. the larvae being herbivorous and feeding 
upon the leaves of pumpkin, squash and allied plants. It is yel- 
low, armed with forked spines, and feeds upon the lower side of the 
leaf, while the adult usually feeds upon the upper surface. They 
first mark out a circle or semicircle on the leaf and then feed within 



THE LADY BEETLES. 



533 



this and nowhere else, consuming the epidermis and parenchyma 
and leaving the veins and nervures almost intact. Hand picking oi 
the adults and large egg-clusters is the best remedy, if done when 
they first appear; arsenates, either dry or in solution, can also be 
applied with success. 

Tribe VIII. COCCIDULINI. 

Small pubescent species having the antennae long and slender, 
with loose, serrate. 3- jointed club ; thorax narrowed at base, feebly 
sinuate at apex: presternum bicarinate. rather widely separating 
the coxa? ; legs free, rather stout ; claws feebly bifid. One genus is 
known. 

XX. Coccidula Kug. 1798. (Gr. ; ''scarlet berry.") 

1020 (3170). Coccidula lepida Lec... Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. VI, 1S52. 
132. 

Elongate-oval. Head and part of under surf ace black : thorax dull yel- 
low with a transverse black spot near apex; elytra dull yellow, black at 
base and along sides to behind The middle and with a common transverse 
sutural black spot at apical third. Punctures of elytra rather coarse, deep 
and uneven, the larger ones in somewhat irregular rows. Length 3 mm. 
(Fig. 195, d.) 

One specimen in Field Museum collection labelled Ind. 
Probably from St. Joseph County. A species of northern range 
which is said by LeConte to occur on plants near water. 

Family XVII. EXDOMTCHIDJE. 

The Haxdsome Fuxgus Beetles. 

To this family belong a limited number of small-sized, oval or 
oblong beetles, which occur on woody fungi, in decaying wood or 
beneath logs and bark. Some of them are very prettily marked 
with black or red. and most of them feign death or "play possum" 
when first uncovered. The name of the typical genus. Endomych us. 
is derived from two Greek words, meaning "within'' and "'a con- 
cealed place," and probably refers to the concealed habitations of 
the beetles and their larvae in the substance of tree fungi, rotten 
wood. etc. They differ from the Coecinellidas, to which they are 
the most closely allied, by having the form usually less convex and 
more elongate, in having much longer antenna?, and by the terminal 
joint of the maxillary palpi being oval or triangular instead of 
securiform or hatchet-shaped. 



534 



FAMILY XVJT. ENDOMYCHIDJE. 



In addition to the characters mentioned they have the antennae 
situated upon the front, usually about half the length of the body, 
9-, 10- or 11-jointed, the last three joints forming a 
distinct club; head moderate in size, prolonged in 
front into a short muzzle; thorax usually nearly 
square, trisuleate at base, often with distinct wide thin 

Fjg. 198 Maxillary 

palpus Endomychm. margins turned up at the sides ; elytra rounded at tin 

(After LeBaron.) n A , - r 

and covering the dorsal segments ; front and middle 
00X33 globose, hind ones transverse ; front coxal cavities open hehind ; 
-abdomen with five free ventral segments ; legs of moderate length, 
not retractile; tarsi either 4-jointed or apparently 3-jointed, but 
then with a- small concealed joint at the base of the terminal one ; 
tarsal claws simple. 

The larvae are usually moderately elongate, only slightly con- 
vex, scaly above and with the sides of the body bearing a number of 
appendages. While not injurious, the larvae cannot be said to be 
especially beneficial, their food consisting principally of fungi and 
perhaps the juices of decaying wood. Fully 500 species of the 
family are known, less than 30 of which have been described from 
the United States. Of these ten are known from Indiana, while a 
few others doubtless occur. 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
of the family is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Endomychid;e of the United 
States." in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 357-360. 

Crotch.— ' Synopsis of the Endomychidae of the United States." 
in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, IV. 1873, 359-363. 

Wickliam'.— il The Endomychida? and Erotylidaa of Ontario and 
Quebec," in Can. Ent,, XXVI, 1894. 337-339. 

Our representatives of the family may be divided among two 
subfamilies, separated as follows: 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF ENDOMYCHIDJE. 

a. Tarsi distinctly 4-jointed; size smaller, less than 4 mm. 

Subfamily I. Mycetjeiisle. p. 534. 
aa. Tarsi dilated, apparently 3-jointed, the third joint minute and hidden 
between the lobes of the second ; larger, usually more than 4 mm. 

Subfamily II. Endomychin.e, p. 537. 

Subfamily I. MYCETAEINAE. 

Very small species having the tarsi narrow, the third joint dis- 
tinct, though shorter than second. The following genera are per- 
haps represented in the State : 




THE HANDSOME FUNGUS BEETLES. 



535 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF M YCETiEINiE. 

a. Body rounded or oval, pubescent. 

b. Antenna? 10-jointed; thorax with well marked basal lines, extending 

half the length. I. Rhymbus. 

1)1). Antenna? 9- join ted ; thorax with a large, finely margined basal lobe 
and a basal line each side running forward and then curving in- 
wards. Anamorphus. 
aa. Body oblong or elongate. 

c. Pubescent ; base of thorax not, or very feebly, narrower than middle. 

but slightly narrower than base of elytra. II. SymbIotes. 

cc. Glabrous ; base of thorax distinctly narrowed, that of elytra very evi- 
dently the wider. 

d. Thorax unspotted, with deep basal impressions and lines extend- 
ing from base half the length. III. Rhanis. 
dd. Thorax with black spot on center and with deep impressions, with- 
out lines; antennal club of male very large. (Fig. 4. No. 8.) 

IV. Phymaphora. 

I. Rhymbus Gerst, 1858. 

Very small, convex, pubescent species, having the thorax deeply 
impressed on each side; labrnm prominent and truncate; antennal 
club abruptly 3- join ted and sides of thorax strongly margined. 
They resemble the members of the genus Scymnus of the Cocci nel- 
lidae, but are readily distinguished by the narrow. 4- jointed tarsi. 
Two species and one variety occur in the State on old fungus-cov- 
ered logs. 

1021 (3175). Rhymbus ulkei Crotch. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 

362. 

Subhemispherical, globose ; strongly pubescent. Disk of thorax and ely- 
tra dark reddish-brown, the margins and suture narrowly paler ; antennal 
club black. Thorax obsoletely punctulate ; elytra finely and rather sparsely 
punctate. Length 1.7 mm. 

Vigo, Posey. Crawford and Dubois counties; frequent. April 
18-August 10. 

1021a ( ). Rhymbus ulkei granulatus var. nov. 

Differs from ulkei in having the elytra densely granulate-punctate and 
the pubescence a little more sparse. Length 1.6 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. April 15. 

1022 (3176). Rhymbus minor Crotch loc. cit. 

Smaller and less globose than ullcei. Uniform light reddish-brown 
throughout. Length 1.3 mm. 

Monroe. Dubois, Posey, Clark and Perry counties; scarce. April 
20-Oetober 10. 

Anamorphus pusillus Zimm., pale reddish-brown, length 1-1.2 
mm., has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati. 



536 



FAMILY XVII. ENDOMYCHIDiE. 



II. Symbiotes Redt. 1849. (Gr.. "living together.") 

Small, elongate-oval species, having the body pubescent with re- 
cumbent hairs; antenna- 11 -jointed, first two joints thick, 3 to 8 sub- 
equal, 9-11 forming a prominent club; thorax with a prominent 
transverse basal impression, from which a narrow impression or 
sulcus extends forward on each side nearly one-half the length of 
thorax; elytra with punctures arranged irregularly or in rows; 
sutural stria distinct, One species has been taken in Indiana. 

1023 ( ). Symbiotes ddeyi Walton MS. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Uniform dull brownish-yellow, sparsely pubes- 
cent with bright yellow hairs. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides evenly 
curved on apical two-thirds, parallel on basal third, apex truncate; disk 
with an oblique carina on each side extending from middle to near hind 
angle, this the outer boundary of the lateral sulcus extending forward from 
the basal impression ; margins reflexed but not flattened ; surface finely and 
evenly punctate. Elytra with sides nearly parallel to beyond middle, thence 
narrowing to a rounded apex, margins distinctly reflexed; surface with 
rows of very fine punctures. Length 2.2 mm. 

One specimen in Wolcott collection from near Battle Ground, 
Tippecanoe County. July 4. 

III. Rhanis Lec. 1853. (Gr., "a spot,") 

Here belongs one narrow, elongate, nearly glabrous species, hav- 
ing the last joint of the maxillary palpi cylindrical; prosternum 
obsolete between the front coxa?. 

1024 (3178). Rhanis tjnicolor Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 

272. 

Elongate, subparallel. Reddish-brown, shining; elytra usually black 
with the shoulders often indistinctly and the apex very broadly, reddish ; 
sometimes uniform reddish-brown throughout. Upper surface rather finely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 4-September 21. Some- 
times found in autumn on the flowers of thorough wort (Eupa- 
torium) • more often sifted from the debris of beech stumps. 

IV. Phymaphora Newm. 1S3S. (Gr., "tumor + bearing. ") 

Small elongate species having the prosternum narrow but dis- 
tinct between the front coxa> ; mesosternum bicarinate; antenna! club 
of male very large, perfoliate, its basal joint as large or larger than 
the head. (Fig. 4, No. 8.) One species occurs in the State. 



THE HANDSOME FUNGUS BEETLES. 



537 



1025 (3179) Phymaphora pulchella Newm., Bntoni. Mag,, 
V, 1837, 389. 

Elongate-oblong. Thorax rod with black spot on disk; 
elytra reddish with two black crossbars, the front and 
broader one near the middle, the other, less distinct, sub- 
apical. Length 3.8 ram. (Fig. 199.) 

Posey County ; scarce. May 11. Occurs usually on 
old beech logs. 

Subfamily II. ENDOMYCHINAE, 

The species of this subfamily are larger and broader than those 
of the preceding group, though none of them exceed 6.5 mm. in 
length. The following genera are known from the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEKA. OF ENDOMYCHIN.ZE. 

a. Ligula oblong, rounded at tip; thorax black, elytra red, each with two 
black spots. V. Endomychus. 

aa. Ligula transverse, emarginate or truncate; color not as above. 

b. Prosternum not prolonged behind; front coxes contiguous or nearly 
so ; thorax and elytra nearly uniform piceous black above. 

VI. Lycoperdina. 

bb. Prosternum prolonged behind, partly covering the mesosternum ; front 
coxae separated. 

c. Prosternum narrow between the coxae ; elytra in our species with 
lengthwise stripes. VII. Aphoeista. 

cg. Prosternum wide, margined; elytra without stripes, either uni- 
colorous or with spots. 
d. Thorax without an impressed submarginal line ; body glabrous. 

VIII. Mycetina. 
dd. Thorax with an impressed submarginal line ; body pubescent. 

IX. Stenotaesus. 

V. Endomychus Panz. 1795, (Gr.. "within + nook or corner. ") 

Antennae elongate, with a loose, not large club ; sides of thorax 
feebly sinuate, strongly but narrowly margined; longitudinal basal 
impressions deep, the usual transverse line represented only by a 
very fine basal margin ; prosternum flat, spoon- 
shaped, not margined. One species represents 
the genus in North America, 

*1026 (3198). Endomychus biguttatus Say, Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, 1824, 96; 
ibid. II, 234. 

Oblong-oval. Head, antennae, thorax, legs and scu- 
telluin black, shining; elytra red with two black spots 
on each, the larger subapical, the smaller before the 
middle. Length 3.5-4.2 mm. (Fig. 200.) 




Fig. 199. X 4i 
(After Wickham.) 




538 



FAMILY XVII. ENDOM i'CHID.l- 



Throughout the State; frequent, January 8-November 14. 
This and the next species hibernate, passing the winter months be- 
neath logs, rails and chunks, especially those deeply covered with 
dead leaves in fence corners or along the margins of upland woods. 

VI. Lycoperdina Lat, 1807. (Gr., "a wolf + to break wind.") 

Here belongs a single oblong species having the front coxae con- 
tiguous ; thorax subquadrate. feebly narrowed behind, its base with 
a deep transverse line and a short longitudinal one each side, the 
sides sinuate and margined; elytra convex, the suture very finely 
margined ; scutellum broad and semicircular. 

*1027 (3181). Ltcopeedina februginea Lee, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist, I, 1824, 
172. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous-black, shining; antennae, head, legs and narrow 
margins of thorax and elytra brownish-red. Length 4.5-5.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-December 28. Oc- 
curs most abundantly inside the little round fungus Lycoperdon 
pyriforme Schasff., which grows on old logs, where it feeds upon the 
spores. By squeezing the ball, the beetle, if present, can be readily 
felt. 

VII. Aphorista Gorh. 1873. (Gr., "to mark off by boundaries. ") 

Differs from Lycoperdina mainly by having the front coxae nar- 
rowly separated, the prosternum being distinctly prolonged between 
them. One species occurs in the State. 

*1028 (3186). Aphoeista vittata Fab., Mant., I, 44. 

Oblong-elongate. Brownish-red, shining; antennae 
piceous, the terminal joint paler; thorax with an in- 
distinct dusky spot each side of disk ; elytra with a 
common sutural stripe, and each with a shorter one 
on side, black. Length 5.5-6.2 mm. (Fig. 201.) 

A handsome and rather common species ; found 
Fig. 20i. x 5. (Original.) throughout the State. January 31-November 20. 

VIII. Mycetina Muls. 1846. (Gr., "fungus.") 

In this genus the prosternum extends behind the coxae, but is 
wider than in Aphorista and distinctly margined; thorax with deep 
transverse impression near base from each end of which a length- 
wise one extends forward to middle. One of the three North Ameri- 
can species occurs in Indiana. 




THE HANDSOME EENGES BEETLES. 



*1029 (3187). Mycettna perpulchra Newm, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 390. 

Oblong. Piceous-black, shining; thorax reddish-yellow, sometimes with 
a blackish discoidal stripe; elytra each with two reddish-yellow spots, the 
larger subhumeral. the other snbapical. Male with front and hind tibia? 
angulate within. Length 1 mm. 

Steuben, Hancock. Vigo and Crawford comities; scarce. May 
17-December 3. 

IX. Stenotarsus Perty. 1831. (Gr.. "narrow ^ tarsus. ") 

One species, listed as Mycetina testacea Zieg., but evidently be- 
longing to this genus, lias been taken in the State, while another may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENOTARSUS. 

a. Prosternnm spoon-shaped and prolonged over the mesosternnm ; elytra 
wholly dull yellow. 1030. testaceus. 

an, Prosternum dilated, not spoon-shaped, not prolonged over the mesoster- 
nmn ; disk of elytra usually black. hispides. 

*1030 (3189). Stenotarsus testaceus Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1815, 272. 

Elongate-oblong-. Reddish-yellow, shining, sparsely pubescent with pros- 
trate yellow hairs; head and sides of thorax often paler; club of antennas 
piceous. Thorax subquadrate. widest before the middle ; hind angles promi- 
nent, somewhat prolonged and excurved ; disk, as well as that of elytra, 
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 3.5—1 mm. 

Starke, Vigo. Posey and Crawford counties; scarce, except lo- 
cally. March 9-December 11. Occurs beneath logs in upland 
sandy woods. In such a locality I found it on a number of occasions 
in Vigo County, always beneath the same log and nowhere else. 
When I first took it the log Avas so large that I had to use great exer- 
tion to turn it part way over. Returning after ten years' absence 
I found the same log. reduced to a chunk, easily overturned by one 
hand, and beneath it I took twenty or more of the beetles. 

S. hispidus Herbst.. length 1-4.5 mm., is recorded from the 
middle and southern States and has been taken near Cincinnati. 

Family XVIII. EKOTYL1TLE. 

The Pleasixg Fungus Beetles. 

A family of moderate extent, comprising, for the most part, 
beetles elongate or oval in form, and of medium or small size. Many 
of them are very prettily bicolored. possessing a red thorax, with 
black or black and red elytra, or the reverse. A number, however. 



540 



FAMILY XVIII. EROTYLJDzE. 



are of one hue. The name is based upon the typical genus Erotglus,. 
a Greek word meaning "friendly" or "pleasing." probably in allu- 
sion to the contrasted colors of many of the species. They occur for 
the most part upon fleshy fungi growing upon logs or trees, though 
the members of the genus Languria are found upon plants and are 
more or less injurious in habit. 

The Erotylidae are most closely allied to the Endomychida? and 
differ mainly in having the tarsi 5-jointed, but with the fourth joint 
usually very small, the first three more or less broad and pubescent 
beneath. The thorax has not the deeply impressed sub-basal and 
longitudinal lines so often seen in the Endomychidae, and the form 
is usually more elongate and more convex. They have the mentum 
of variable form, its front margin bisinuate; maxillary palpi 4- 
jointecl, the fourth joint usually broadly triangular; antenna? 11- 
jointed, inserted at the sides of the front, on the inner front margin 
of the eyes, the last three or four joints forming a distinct club; 
head small, immersed in the thorax to the hind margin of the eyes ; 
thorax with side margins distinct ; front coxal cavities usually closed 
(open in Languria), always separated by the prosternum; elytra 
entire, covering the abdomen, the latter with five nearly equal seg- 
ments; tarsi claws simple. 

The larvae of but few species of the family are well known. That 
of Languria mozardi, which bores into and feeds upon the stems of 
clover, is elongate and subcylindrical. about S mm. in length, the 
anal segment slightly narrower than the preceding. In color it is 
light yellow, the mandibles and anal appendages brown. The larva 
of a common fungus feeding form. Tritoma humeralis, is moderately 
elongate, nearly cylindrical but tapering to each end. the ninth seg- 
ment bearing two short, erect, slightly recurved hooks. In color it is 
nearly white, the head yellowish. When full fed it pupates beneath 
the ground, the pupal stage lasting eight days. 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
of Erotylidm is embodied in the following papers: 

LeConte.—' 1 Synopsis of the Erotylidae of the United States." in 

Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci.. VII, 1854, 158-163. 
Crotch. — "Synopsis of the Erotylidae of Boreal America." in 

Trans. Amer. Bat. Soc, IV. 1873. 349-358. 
Wickham. — "The Endomychida? and Erotylidae of Ontario and 

Quebec." in Can. Ent., XXVI. 1894. 337-339. 
Schceffer. — "Synoptic Table of Languria." in Journ. N. Y. Ent. 

Soc, XII, 1904, 198-200. 



THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



541 



Nearly 1,800 species of Erotylidae are known, most of which are 
exotic and tropical. Only about 50 species, distributed among two 
tribes, are listed from North America. Of these 22, belonging to 
seven genera, have been taken in Indiana, 

KEY TO TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICAN EROTYLID^E. 

a. Front coxal cavities open behind; epimera of meta thorax not distinct; 
form very elongate, subo.vlindrical, the sides parallel; antennal club 
gradually formed, 5- or G-jointed. Tribe I. Langurini, p. 541. 

an. Front coxal cavities entire; epimera of metathorax separated from the 
episterna by a distinct suture ; form more robust, usually oval ; an- 
tennal club 3- or 4-jointed, more abruptly formed. 

Tribe II. Erotylini, p. r>4.">. 

Tribe I. LANGURINI. 
This tribe is represented in North America by the single genus : 

I. Languria Latr. 1802. (L., "a kind of lizard.") 

Long, narrow insects, somewhat resembling certain click beetles 
(Elaterida?) in form, and of shining black and red colors. They 
occur upon the leaves and stems of plants, especially Mesadenia, 
Lactuca and other genera of Composita?, and upon the flowers of 
Umbelliferse. Several of the species hibernate as imagoes and in 
early spring are to be found beneath logs and stones. Fifteen are 
known from the United States ; of these six have been taken in In- 
diana, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LANGURIA. 

a. Abdomen in great part red. 
1). Head red. 

c. Antennal club distinctly 6-jointed ; under side red, the last ventral 
segment black ; thorax red, usually with a black discoidal spot. 

1031. BICOLOR. 

cc. Antennal club 5-jointed ; last three ventral segments black. 

d. Thorax red, shining, without spot. 1032. mozardi. 

dd. Thorax alutaceous, or with a greasy aspect, its disk with a large 
elongate black blotch. discoidea. 
IjIj. Head either entirely or in great part black, 
e. Antennse wholly black. 

/. Metasternum blue ; epipleura and sides of elytra at middle red. 

1033. ANGUSTATA. 

ff. Metasternum red ; knees, tarsi and tips of tibiae black. 

var. uhlerit. 

re. Antenna* in pari reddish-yellow; elytra with a broad median red- 
dish crossbar. 1034. trifasciata. 
aa. Abdomen entirely black. 



542 



FAMILY XVIII. EROTYLID/E. 



g. Head black; thorax oblong, its sides nearly parallel, disk with a 
large greenish-black spot. 1035. lecontei. 

gg. Head more or less red; thorax elongate, distinctly narrowed behind 
the middle, its disk with a greenish-black stripe. 1036. geacilis. 

1031 (3199). Langueia bicolor Fab., Ent. Syst, Suppl., 1798, 50. 

Elongate. Head and thorax reddish, the latter with a black spot on 
disk; scutellum and elytra bluish-black, shining; beneath reddish-yellow, 
legs, last abdominal segment and antennae, black. Thorax quadrate, obso- 
letely punctate, rather narrowed in front, the sides rounded. Elytra! striae 
not impressed but marked by rows of punctures. Length 8.5-12 mm. 

Throughout the State ; more frequent southward. May 1-June 
25. Occurs especially on the leaves of the pale Indian Plantain 
(Mesadenia atriplicifolia L.) in the stems of which the larvae live. 

*1032 (3200). Langueia mozardi Lat, Gen. Crust, III, 1S07, 66. 

Elongate, parallel. Head and 
thorax red; elytra bluish- 
black, shining ; beneath red, 
the last two or three abdomi- 
nal segments, tarsi, antennae 
and apical half of femora, 
black. Head and thorax spar- 
ingly punctate. Elytra punc- 
tate as in bicolor. Length 5.5- 
8 mm. (Fig. 202.) 

Throughout the State; 
^ common. January 1-No- 

Fig. 202. Languria mozardi. a, egg; b, larva in clover stem; c, i i\/r x • t 

larva; d, pupa; e, adult. (After Comstock.) vember 8. Mates m June 

and may then be found es- 
pecially on wild lettuce (Lactuca.) The larvae, known as the 
clover-stem borer, ' ' live in the stems of clover and often do much 
injury to that crop. 

L. discoidea Lee, length 7-8 mm., is known from the southern 
States and may occur in southern Indiana. 

1033 (3204). Langueia angustata Beauv., Ins. d'Afi% 1805, 125. 

Elongate, rather narrowed behind. Head, antennae and elytra bluish- 
black, the latter narrowly reddish, near middle of sides; scutellum black; 
thorax reddish-yellow ; beneath reddish-yellow, the last two abdominal seg- 
ments, tarsi and tips of femora, black. Thorax sparingly and indistinctly 
punctate, the base strongly margined. Elytra punctate as in Mcolor. 
Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Marion, Orange and Posey counties; scarce. April 26-October 
6. Taken from flowers of Ranunculus and goldenrod. The speci- 
mens at hand belong to the color variety uhlerii Horn. 




THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



r,4:; 



1034 (3204a). Languria trifasciata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1823, 462; ibid. I, 86. 
Elongate; the elytra tapering to an obtuse point. Head, basal and 
apical thirds of elytra bluish-black ; thorax, a broad median band of elytra 
and joints two to six inclusive of antennae, reddish-yellow ; beneath as in 
angustata. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 16-May 29. Usually 
regarded as a variety of angustata. but in my opinion specifically 
distinct. Occurs especially on the foliage of the wild lettuce, Lac- 
tuca canadensis L.. but often found on flowers of buttercup (Ra- 
nunculus) . 

1035 (3207). Languria lecontei Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 

351. 

Elongate, parallel. Nearly uniform greenish-black; Hi >rax reddish-yel- 
low with a large greenish-black spot on center of disk. Head and thorax 
sparsely but distinctly punctate. Elytra 1 punctures in rows, with a few 
finer ones on intervals. Length 10.5 mm. 

Vigo County ■ rare. March 12. Described from Illinois. 

1036 (3209). Languria gracilis Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838. 

390.- 

Resembles lecontei, but more narrow. Head, at least 
in part, red ; greenish-black mark on thorax extended into a 
stripe reaching from base to apex. Varies with the thorax 
entirely greenish-black. Length 8.7-10 mm. (Fig. 203.) 

Southern half of State; frequent. May 21-October 
28. Occurs on ragweed (Ambrosia), fleabane (Eri- 
geron) and other low herbs from which it is taken by 
sweeping. 

Tribe II. EROTYLINL 

To this tribe, as defined in the key. belong the following genera 
from Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EROTYLINI. 

a. Tarsi distinctly 5-.iointed. (Group Dacnes.) 

t). Tarsi narrow, not dilated ; size small, not over 3.5 mm. 

c. Form oval, the sides curved ; elytra unicolored ; antenna? with 10th 
and 11th joints united. II. Plceosoma. 

cc. Form oblong, the sides nearly parallel ; elytra bicolored ; antenna? 
distinctly 11-jointed. III. Dacne. 

66. Tarsi dilated, spongy beneath ; size larger, 5-20 mm. 

IV. Megalodacne. 

aa. Tarsi apparently 4-jointed, the fourth joint very small, united with the 
fifth. 




Fig. 203. X 2§. 
(After ^Yickham.) 



544 FAMILY XVIII. — EROTYLIDJE. 

a. Last joint of palpi widely hatchet-shaped; thorax yellow with four 
black spots; length 7-8 mm. V. Ischyeus. 

(hi. Last joint of palpi oval or slightly triangular; thorax yellow or black, 
rarely with two spots ; length less than 6 mm. 
e. Middle area of mentum large, transverse. VI. Mycotbetus. 

ee. Middle area of mentum small, triangular. VII. Teitoma. 

II. Plceosoma Woll. 1854. 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States and In- 
diana by a single very small brown species. 

1037 (3212). Plceosoma punctata Lee. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. V. 1875. 

171, 

Oval, rather strongly convex. Uniform dark chestnut-brown; antenna* 
and legs paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra distinctly but rather sparsely and irregularly punctate, and nar- 
rowed to a rounded apex. Length 2-2,5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State: common. Hibernates. April 9- 
December 3. Gregarious in winter and early spring beneath bark, 
especially that of elm and willow. 

III. Dacne La.tr. 1796. (Gr.. "bite or sting.") 

This genus is represented in the United States by three small 
species, one of which ocenrs in Indiana. 

1038 (3213). Dacne 4-mactjlata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, 1835, 169; 

ibid. II. G45. 

Oblong, parallel. Black ; elytra each with a round reddish-yellow spot 
on humerus and another at apex; beneath piceous or dark reddish-brown, 
the antenna), legs and clypeus paler. Head and thorax closely but sparsely 
punctate ; elytra with numerous rows of fine punctures. Length 2.5-3.2 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties; less so 
northward. April 15-September 21. Occurs in fungi. 

IV. Megalodacne Crotch. 1873. (Gr.. "large + bite. ") 

Here belong the largest species of the family, handsome black 
and yellow forms, having the fourth joint of tarsi smaller but dis- 
tinct; last joint of palpi subcylinclrieal and the mentum triangular. 
Three species are known from the United States, all of which occur 
in Indiana^. 

key to tndiana species of megalodacne. 

a. Elytra without rows of punctures; length 1S-21 mm. 1040. iteeos. 

aa. Elytra with rows of fine punctures. 



THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



545 



1). Head and thorax nearly smooth ; elytra with black crossbars ; length 
12-15 mm. 1039. fasciata. 

&&. Head and thorax very coarsely and distinctly punctured; elytra each 
with four black spots; length less than 6 mm. 1041. ulkei. 

*1039 (3216). Megalodacne easciata Fab., Ent. Syst, II, 1798, 511. 

Oblong-ovate. Black, shining; elytra with two reddish crossbars, the 
basal one irregular in form and enclosing three black spots, one small 
round, near each humerus, the other large, quadrate behind the scutellum ; 
the subapical bar narrower and interrupted at suture. Thorax short, trans- 
verse, very finely and obsoletely punctulate ; sides straight, broadly mar- 
gined; base with a punctured impression each side. Length 9-15 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common in fungi. February 14-Septem- 
ber 21. Hibernates with the next in dry rotten wood beneath loose 
bark. Gregarious at all seasons but especially so in winter. 

*1040 (3217). Megalodacne heeos Say, Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1823, 

196; ibid. II, 125. 
Resembles fasciata very closely in form and 
color but much larger. Thorax longer with nar- 
rower side margins and elytra without rows of 
punctures. Black spot at scutellum smaller and 
more nearly enclosed by the red basal crossbar. 
Length 18-21. (Fig. 204.) 

Frequent throughout the State. February 
3-December 10. Much less common than 
fasciata and seldom more than two or three 
found together. Fig - m x 2 - (°»s ina1 -) 

1041 (3218). Megalodacne ulkei Crotch, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 
353. 

Elongate-oval, rather narrowed behind. Head and thorax black, shin- 
ing ; elytra brownish-red, each with four black spots, one near the humerus, 
two before the middle, and one, the largest, subapical ; beneath black, the 
sides of abdomen reddish. Thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate, with a 
smooth space before the scutellum; elytra with rows of fine but distinct 
puuctures. Front coxa; widely separated, the presternum forming a broad 
triangle with distinct margins. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

A prettily marked species of southern range, taken only in Jack- 
son, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 12-June 7. Oc- 
curs in dense woods, especially on the fungus Polyporus cuticularis, 
w T hich is usually found on beech or hickory logs. 

V. Ischyrus Lac. 1842. (Gr., "robust") 

One medium sized species, having the antenna! club 3-jointed 
and the eyes coarsely granulate, represents this genus in Indiana. 




546 



FAMILY XVTII. — EROTYLIDiE. 



*1042 (3219). Ischyeus quadripunctatus Oliv., Enc. Meth. Ins., VI, 1808, 
437. 

Ovate, subeloiigate, convex. Head black ; thorax yel- 
low, with four black dots in a row across the middle; 
elytra yellow, with a large common scntellar spot, a 
smaller one on humerus, a deeply dentate median band 
and an oblong spot on each at apex, black ; beneath black, 
the sides o£ abdomen yellow. Head and thorax sparsely 
and coarsely punctate ; elytra with rows of distinct punc- 
tures. Length 7-8 mm. (Fig. 205.) 

Frequent throughout the State. January 21- 

Eig. 205. X 3. . 

(After wickham.) December 8. Gregarious in winter, hibernating be- 
neath bark and logs. In early spring often found at sap • in sum- 
mer on fungi. 

VI. Mycotretus Lac. 1842. (Gr., " fungus + to perforate.") 

Small oval, red or black insects, having the last joint of palpi 
oval, antennas abruptly 3- jointed and eyes finely granulated. Two 
species are known from Indiana, while a third may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCOTRETUS. 

a. Thorax black ; elytra wholly or in great part dull red. 

1). Elytra and scutellum wholly dull red. 1043. sanguinipennis. 

1)1). Elytra partly black; scutellum black. 1044. pulchra. 

aa. Thorax reddish-yellow with two black spots; elytra wholly black. 

dissimulator. 

1043 (3222). Mycotretus sanguinipennis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., IV, 1825, 89 ; ibid. II, 229. 
Broadly ovate. Head and thorax black, shining; scutellum and elytra 
pale red ; beneath black, abdomen red. Head and thorax finely and sparsely 
punctured, the latter more coarsely near base, which is sinuate each side. 
Elytral stride with deep, rather close punctures; intervals finely but dis- 
tinctly punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Frequent in southern half of State; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. April 25-October 20. Occurs most commonly on fleshy fungi. 

1044 (3223). Mycotretus pulchra Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1826, 301 ; ibid. II, 345. 
Ovate. Head, thorax and scutellum black ; elytra red wfith the apical 
third obliquely black, the black space extending on side nearly to humerus. 
Surface punctate as in the preceding, but the punctures of elytral strire 
finer. Length 3.5 mm. 

Marion, ~Vigo, Knox and Pasey counties; frequent. April 9- 

June 19. 

M. dissimulator Crotch, length 4.5 mm., was described from 
Illinois. 




THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



547 



VII. Tritoma Fab, 1775. (Gr., "three + joint. ") 

Small oval or oblong* species, black or reel and black in color, 
having the antenna! club 3- or 4- jointed, the last joint of maxillary 
palpi broadly dilated and the middle area of mentnm small and 
triangular. Some of the species are to be found by hundreds in 
fungi during the summer and autumn, having resorted thereto to 
deposit their eggs, which hatch into maggot-like larvae which feed 
upon the juices of the fungi. About 15 species are known from the 
United States, eight of which have been taken in Indiana, while two 
others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRITOMA. 

a. Elytra more or less red. 

1). Red of elytra limited to spots on humerus. 

c. Under side piceous-black, the apex of last segment alone pale. 

1045. HUMEEALIS. 

cc. Under side entirely pale. 1046. biguttata. 

hb. Elytra nearly entirely red or with broad central reddish-yellow band. 

d. Form oval ; elytra red with outer margins black. 

1047. MIMETICA. 

<1<1 Form oblong; elytra with broad central band of reddish-yellow. 

1048. FESTIVA. 

aa. Elytra wholly black. 

e. Head and thorax of same color as elytra. 

f. Beneath piceous, the legs and palpi brownish-yellow. 

1049. AXGTJLATA. 

ff. Beneath black, the tarsi and palpi piceous. 1050. unicolor. 
ec. Head or thorax or both, paler than elytra. 

g. Head reddish-yellow, thorax and elytra concolorous. 

ERYTHROCEPHALA. 

gg. Head and thorax both yellow. 
h. Body beneath reddish-yellow. 
i. Antennae entirely black ; elytral intervals obsoletely punctulate. 

MACRA. 

U. Antennae black, red at base ; elytral intervals sparsely but dis- 
tinctly punctate. 1051. thoracica. 
hh. Body black beneath. 1052. flavicollis. 

1045 (3225). Tritoma hi meralis Fab., Syst. Eleut., II. 1801, 571. 

Broadly oval. Black; antennae, legs and a subquad- 
rate spot near the humerus of each elytron, reddish-yel- 
low. Head and thorax distinctly and rather closely punc- 
tate. Elytra with rows of fine punctures, the intervals 
very obsoletely punctulate. Length 3-4 mm. (Fig. 206.) 

Southern half of State ;~ frequent. Xot yet taken 
in the northern counties. April 22-September 29. (mL? wickhanT) 




548 



FAMILY XVIII. — EROTYLIM. 



-1046 (3226). Tkitoma biguttata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, 
1825, 89 ; ibid. II, 229. 

Resembles humeralis, but more narrowly oval. Entirely pale beneath 
and with the reddish-yellow spot of elytra larger, triangular, reaching near- 
ly from scutellum to humerus. Elytra more deeply striate, the punctures 
of intervals more distinct, especially at base. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties; common locally 
on decaying Agaricus. Hibernates. March 9-December 25. 

1047 (3227). Tritoma mimetica Crotch, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 
355. 

Rather broadly ovate. Head, thorax and club of antennae black ; elytra 
pale red, with the outer margins nearly to humeral angle and apex, black; 
beneath black, legs, sides of abdomen and sternum, reddish. Head and tho- 
rax finely but distinctly punctate. Elytra striate with rows of fine punc- 
tures; intervals rather thickly and finely punctulate. Length 4-4.3 mm. 

Vigo, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. April 18-October 11. 
Resembles Mycotretus pulchra but readily distinguished by the 
larger size and red scutellum. 

*104S (3234). Tritoma festiva Lac, Monog. des Erot., 1842, 208. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black ; thorax, scutellum and a broad 
median band on elytra reddish-yellow ; antennae black ; beneath reddish- 
yellow. Head and thorax sparsely but distinctly punctured. Elytra with 
rows of rather deep punctures which do not extend onto the humeral re- 
gion. Length 5-6 mm. 

A handsome and well marked species of southern range, taken 
only in Marion, Vigo and Knox counties : scarce. April 18-Deeem- 
ber 10. Hibernates. 

1049 (3230). Tritoma angulata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1S26, 
300; ibid. II, 345. 

Rather narrowly ovate, convex. Head dark piceous-red ; thorax and 
elytra uniform black ; beneath piceous, the legs, antennae and palpi brown- 
ish-yellow. Head and thorax finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra 
with rows of fine, close punctures ; intervals finely and sparingly punctu- 
late. Length 3-4 mm. 

Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. Taken on decaying fleshy 
fungi (Boleti). July 2-July 29. 

*1050 (3231). Tritoma unicolor Say, 7oc. cit. 

Broadly ovate. Entirely black, somewhat shining. Head closely, tho- 
rax more coarsely and deeply, punctate. Elytra with rows of distinct punc- 
tures which become finer toward the tips ; intervals smooth. Length 4-5 mm. 

Frequent throughout the State. March 7-October 9. Probably 
hibernates. Occurs beneath logs in early spring; in fleshy fungi in 
summer. 



THE PLEASING FUNGUS BEETLES. 



549 



T. erythrocephala Lac, length 3.5-4 mm., is known from near 
Washington, D. C, Georgia and Missouri, while T. macra Lee., 
length 5.5 mm., has been recorded from Illinois and near Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

1051 (3236). Teitoma thokacica Say, Journ. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci.. IV 

1825, 89 ; ibid. II, 229. 
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax yellow ; elytra and 
apical half of antenna? black ; beneath reddish-yellow. 
Head and thorax distinctly and closely punctate, the lat- 
ter with the sides rounded and somewhat narrowed in 
front. Elytra! stria? scarcely impressed, finely punctured ; 
intervals sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 3.5- 
5 mm. (Fig. 207.) 

Common on fleshy fungi and beneath bark, in 
southern half of State; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. March 12-September 21. 

1052 (3239). Teitoma flavtcoi.lis Lac, Monog. des Erotyl.. 1842, 218. 
Oblong-ovate. Head, thorax, antenna? and legs yellow ; antennal club, 

elytra and body beneath black. Head and thorax distinctly and rather 
closely punctate. Elytra! strife finely, the intervals sparsely and obsoletely, 
punctate. Length 3-4 mm. 

Southern half of State, common ; not noted in the northern coun- 
ties. April 12-October 9. 

Family XIX. COLYDILLLE. 

The Cylindrical Bark Beetles. 

This family includes a limited number of small beetles of an 
elongate or cylindrical form, which live beneath the bark of trees, 
in fungi or in the ground. They are closely allied to the Cucujido? 
and by Casey have been included as one of nine subfamilies of that 
family.* 

From their near allies they may be known by the following com- 
bination of characters: antennae 10- or ll-jointed, rarely 8- jointed, 
inserted under the margin of the front, sometimes gradually thick- 
ened, but, usually terminated by a small one- or two-jointed club ; 
elytra entire, always covering the abdomen; front coxal cavities 
either open or closed behind, the coxa? small, globular; hind coxa? 
transverse, not prominent; abdomen with five ventral segments, the 
first three or four grown together; legs short, tibia- not dilated; tarsi 
four-jointed, claws simple. The small globular front and middle 
coxae, the four- jointed tarsi and the entire elytra, form a trio of 
characters which readily distinguish the group. 

*Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V, 1890, 496. 




550 



FAMILY XIX. COLYDIIDJE. 



In habits the Golydiidae are in part carnivorous, as the larvae of 
certain genera are known to feed upon those of other small, wood- 
boring forms. About 600 species are known, 70 of which are from 
North America. These are divided among numerous tribes and 
genera, many of the latter containing but a single species. The only 
paper which treats of the f amily as a whole is by 

Horn. — "Synopsis cf the Colydiidae of the V. S.," in Proc. 
Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 555-592. 

Other short papers by Casey on isolated species have appeared 
in the Annals of the N. Y. Academy of Science. Fourteen species 
of the family, distributed among 11 genera, have been taken in 
Indiana. Several other genera are doubtless represented in the 
State, and are included in the generic keys which follow : 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF COLYDIIDJE. 

(/. Antennas inserted under a distinct frontal ridge; front coxa? distant 
from the inesosternum. 
b. Last joint of palpi not needle-shaped, 
c. Front coxa? slightly separated. 

• d. First joint of tarsi short ; form elongate or oval. 

Tribe I. Synchitini, p. 550. 
dd. First joint of tarsi longer than the second ; form cylindrical. 

Tribe II. Colydiini, p. 553. 
cc. Front coxa? widely separated ; form elongate, subdepressed. 

e. Antennae arising under a frontal margin; first ventral segment 
not elongate ; trochanters free. 

Tribe III. Pycnomerini, p. 555. 
ce. Antennas free at base; first ventral segment elongate; trochanters 
closely united to the femora. 

Tribe IY. Botiiriderini, p. 55G. 
bb. Last joint of palpi needle-shaped; antenna? free at base; form short., 
oval, depressed. Tribe Y. Cerylonini, p. 557. 

ar/. Antenna? inserted on the front; front coxa? inclosed behind by the ineso- 
sternum. Tribe YI. Muemidiini, p. 557. 

Tribe I. SYNCHITINL 

Elongate or oval species having the surface often ribbed and 
more or less bristly; tarsi short, the first three joints snbequal and 
together not longer than fourth. The following genera are known 
to be or should be represented in Indiana: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SYNCHITINI. 

a. Front coxal cavities open behind. 
1). Antenna? 10-jointed. club solid. 

c. Head beneath without antennal grooves. I. Synchita 



THE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES. 



551 



ce. Head with distinct grooves, II. Euciconks. 

bb. Antennae 11- jointed, club 2-jointed. 

d. Head without antennal grooves. III. Ditoma. 

del. Head with distinct antennal grooves; tibiae with terminal spurs. 

EUDESMA. 

aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 

d. Antenna 1 with a two-jointed club; tibiae without spurs. 

IV. Coxelus. 

ee. Antenna' with a .".-jointed club; tibia? with small spurs. 

Lasconotus. 

I. Synchita Hellw. 1792. (Or., ' ' together + skin or cover. ") 

Antenna? 10-jointed, terminating in an abruptly larger club 
joint, which is smooth at base and pubescent at tip; first three 
joints of tarsi very short, together bat little longer than half the 
fourth. Of the seven known species, two have been taken in Indi- 
ana,, while two others should occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SYNCHITA. 

a. Elytra with tine eosta' ; thorax with an elevated line each side. 

LATICOLLTS. 

aa. Elytra not costate. 

b. Elytra variegated with paler markings. 1053. parvula. 

bb. Elytra unicolorous. 

c. Thorax with a fine subapical impressed line, its disk finely granu- 
late; length 2.5 mm. fuliginosa. 
cc. Thorax without impressed line, its disk coarsely granulate; length 
4 mm. 1054. granulata. 

8. laUcollis lee., piceous, elytra with humeri and a spot near 
apex reddish, length 2 mm., is a southern form which has been 
recorded from Cincinnati. 

1053 (3247). Synchita parvula Guer., Icon. Regn. Ins., 1S30, 189. 
Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous brown; elytra variegated with paler 

crossbars. Thorax wider than long, sides feebly curved, margin finely ser- 
rulate, base slightly wider than apex, surface granulate. Elytra with rows 
of rather small, close-set punctures ; intervals granulate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. December 8. Taken from dry fungi on 
a dead beech tree. 

S. fuliginosa Melsh., rusty red-brown, antenme, under surface 
and legs paler, is also known from near Cincinnati. 

1054 (3249). Synchita granulata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 

1826, 266 ; ibid. II, 326. 
Oblong, parallel, moderately convex. Uniform dull reddish-brown, sub- 
opaque. Third joint of antennae as long as the three following together. 
Thorax wider than long, sides feebly curved, margin distinctly serrate, base 



552 



FAMILY XIX. — COLYDIID/E. 



slightly narrower than apex. Elytra coarsely granulate with traces of 
striae between the rows of granules ; sparsely pubescent on the sides. Length 
4 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 12. Taken beneath bark of honey 
locust, Occurs from Missouri to Pennsylvania and Georgia. 

II. Eucicones Sharp. J.894. (Gr., ' ' beautiful \ Cicones. ") 

Differs from Sync I tit a only in possessing distinct, deep antennal 
grooves along the lower margins of the eyes. One species is known 
from the State. 

1055 (3251). Eucicones marginal is Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 

1844, 112. 

Oblong-oval, depressed. Piceous, opaque; antenna* legs and margin of 
thorax reddish-brown ; elytra each with three or four small spots and a nar- 
row undulate crossbar at apical third, also reddish-brown. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, sides curved ; margins wide and flat, edges 
finely serrate; disk granulate and finely pubescent. Elytra with indistinct 
rows of punctures; intervals flat, with two irregular rows of punctures, 
each puncture bearing a short, semi-erect bristly hair. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Marion and Monroe counties; scarce. March 23- June 9. Taken 
from beneath the hark of old maple and beech stumps. 

III. Ditoma 111. 1807. (Gr., "two + joint.") 

Oblong flattened beetles having the antennae 11-jointed, inserted 
under the margin of the front, the last two joints forming an abrupt 
club. Eyes rather large and convex, coarsely granulated. One of 
the six known North American species has been taken in Indiana, 
while another is herewith described for the first time. 

1056 (3254). Ditoma quadriguttata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1826, 266; ibid. II, 326. 
Oblong-elongate, depressed. Blackish-brown, subopaque ; elytra each 
with three dull reddish spots ; one oblique, elongate, extending from humerus 
to suture, a round one behind middle and a smaller subsutural one near 
apex; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax broader than long, sides 
nearly straight, disk finely granulate and with four elevated lines, each 
curved inwards in front, the two median, ones united, forming an arch. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, each with four discal ridges, the broader 
intervals with two rows of coarse punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent, April 9- June 5. Occurs be- 
neath bark and logs. 

1057 ( ). Ditoma granulata sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Uniform piceous brown ; antennae and 
margins of thorax reddish-brown. Ninth joint of antennae not wider than 



THE CYLINDRICAL; BARK BEETLES. 



553 



eighth. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides feebly curved, from 
angles prominent, hind ones rounded; margins flattened, finely eremite; 
disk coarsely and roughly granulate and with four raised lines, the outer 
one on each side curving around the apex, the inner ones joined to the 
curve but not to each other, the interval between them wider than in quacl- 
riguttata. Elytra not wider than thorax, each with four discal ridges, in- 
tervals not punctate but each with two or three rows of small oblong gran- 
ules. Length 3.4 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. May 29. Described from a single speci- 
men taken by H. Morrison from beneath bark. Broader than quad- 
riguttata, elytra not marked with red as there, and with the in- 
tervals granulate instead of coarsely punctured. 

D. quadricollis Horn, narrower than qiiadriguttata, dark brown, 
length 2.5 mm., is listed by Dury from Cincinnati. 

Eudesma undulata Melsh., elongate, subcylindrical, piceous, 
length 5 mm., has also been taken by Dury. who found them running 
up and down and burrowing in the bark of a buckeye log. 

IV. CoxELUsLatr. 1829. (L., "coxa.") 

Antennas as in I) i Ionia but received in grooves beneath the eyes ; 
front coxal cavities closed behind. One species occurs in Indiana. 

*1058 (3261). Coxelus guttulatus Lee, New Spec. N. Amer. Col., 18G3, 65. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous-black ; antennae, legs and margins 
of thorax and elytra dull reddish -brown. Thorax twice as wide as long, 
apex deeply emarginate. front angles prominent ; sides broadly curved ; 
margins wide and flat, edges finely serrulate; surface coarsely granulate. 
Elytra with rows of coarse granules, and each also with spots of coarse 
gray pubescence forming an interrupted sinuous band near middle and an- 
other subapical. Length 4-5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frecpuent. February 10-November 19. 
Occurs on dry fungi and beneath close fitting bark of beech, maple 
and other trees. 

Lasconotus borealis Horn, thorax wider than long, elytra equally 
costate, piceous, length 2.5-3 mm., is known from Michigan, while 
L. pusillus Lee, thorax longer than wide, elytra broadly channeled, 
fifth interval strongly elevated, color and size the same, has been 
recorded from Cincinnati. 

Tribe II. COLYDIINI. 

Elongate, cylindrical beetles having the head horizontal; an- 
tennas capitate, retractile; front coxal cavities narrowly closed be- 
hind; first joint of tarsi as long or longer than the next two to- 
gether, the three longer than the fourth. They occur beneath bark. 
Two genera are represented in the State. 



554 



FAMILY XIX. COLYDIIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COLYDIINI. 

a. Front tibiae finely denticulate at outer apical angle ; form rather robust. 

V. Aulonium. 

aa. Front tibiae with outer apical angle prolonged ; form very slender. 

VI. COLYDIUM. 

V. Aulonium Erichs? 1832. (Or., "pipe or channel.") 

Antenna? 11-jointed, the last three joints forming a rather loose 
club; inserted in front of the eyes, which are emarginate in front 
by the sides of the clypeus; hind coxns separated by a triangular, 
acute abdominal process. Two of the four known species occur in 
Indiana, 

1059 (3272). Aulonium parallelopipedum Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., V, 1826, 263 ; ibid. II. 324. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous-black, rather shining; legs and an- 
tenna? reddish-brown. Head with two, often indistinct, tubercles on vertex. 
Thorax quadrate, the disk with a raised line on each side which curves 
and unites on front margin, and two obtuse tubercles in front of middle ; 
sides feebly curved, surface finely punctate ; hind angles rectangular. Ely- 
tra slightly wider than thorax, with rows of rather fine, close set punc- 
tures. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent, Not yet noted in northern 
counties. " Probably hibernates. March 17-November 22. Occurs 
beneath bark. 

1060 (3274). Aulonium tuberculatum Lee, New Spec. N. Am. Col.. 

1863, 67. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, rather shining, the apical 
half of elytra piceous. Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight, 
hind angles obtuse : disk with two raised lines on each side, one of which 
is near the margin, surface finely and sparsely punctate, the male with two 
tubercles near front margin. Elytra not wider than thorax, the rows of 
punctures very fine. Length 5.5 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. June 6-October 13. Known from the 
State by two specimens taken from beneath the bark of the north- 
ern scrub pine, Finns divaricata Ait. 

VI. Colydium Fab. 1792. (Gr., "sheath.") 

This genus is represented in the United States and Indiana by 
the single species : 



THE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES. 




1061 (3270). Colydium lineola Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, V, 182(3, 
264 ; ibid. II, 324. 

Elongate, cylindrical, slender. Piceons black, moderately ^ 
shining, legs and antennae paler. Thorax much longer than 
wide, the disk with a deep impressed line at center and an- 
other abbreviated one on each side, surface rather coarsely 
punctured. Elytra not wider than thorax, each alternate in- 
terval finely ribbed, the interspaces with two rows of punc- 
tures. Length 4-6.5 mm. (Fig. 208.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-October 
23. Occurs especially beneath bark of linden and locust Kg 2 ^ xQh 

(Original.) 

logs. 

Tribe III- PYCNOMERINI. 
Elongate, somewhat flattened species, covered with coarse punc- 
tures and having the elytra marked with rows of very large punc- 
tures; hind coxaa small, oval, widely separated; first joint of tarsi 
longer than either of the next two, the third longer than fourth. 
Two genera are known. 

KEY TO GENERA OF PYCNOMERINI. 

a. Antenna. 11-jointed, the club 2-jointed. VII. Penthelispa. 

aa Antenna? 10-jointed, the club composed of a single joint. 

VIII. Pycnomerus. 

VII. Penthelispa Fasc. 1861. (Gr., "sorrow + smooth. ") 
Two species belong here, both of which may occur in the State. 

key to species of penthelispa. 
a Thorax slightly wider than long, not narrowed behind; hind angles 

H^MATODES. 

prominent. , 
aa Thorax longer than wide, slightly narrowed behind; hmd angles not 

ail. -Liiuiu ^ 1(>62 reflex A. 

prominent. 

P. Kcematodes Fab., brownish, shining, length 3.5 mm, is said to 
occur rarely from Pennsylvania' to Texas. 

1062 (3285). Penthelispa reflexa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL. V, 
1826, 262 ; ibid. II, 322. 
Elongate subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Antennae stout, 
shorter than' thorax, the latter with disk deeply and coarsely punctured. 
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, disk flattened, deeply and broadly striate, 
the striae coarsely and closely punctured; intervals very narrow. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Marion, Perry and Posey counties; scarce. May 13-November 
28. Occurs on trunks of dead locust. 



556 



FAMILY XIX. COLYDIID.E. 



VIII. Pycnomerus Ericlis. 1832. (Gr., "close + joint. * J ) 

In this germs the eleventh joint of the antennae is closely nnited 
to the tenth, so that the club is solid and apparently one-jointed. 
It is represented in the United States by the single species : 

1063 (3286). Pycnomerus sulcicollis Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., 1863, 69. 

Elongate, subconvex. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining. Tho- 
rax slightly longer than wide, base very little narrower than apex, disk 
with two broad grooves at middle which do not reach the apex or base, 
margin slightly reflexed, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider 
than thorax, the strife with coarse, deep, elongate punctures. Length 5- 
5.5 mm. 

Putnam County; scarce. June 29. 

Tribe IV, BOTHRIDERINI. 

Somewhat flattened, oblong or elongate beetles, having the an- 
tennas short, 11-jointed, received in oblique antennal grooves, club 
2-jointed ; all the coxre widely separated ; first ventral segment elon- 
gate; first joint of tarsi longer than either the second or third. 
Both genera are probably represented in the State. 

KEY TO GENERA OF BOTHRIDERINI. 

a. Head horizontal or nearly so ; front coxae very narrowly enclosed be- 
hind ; outer apical angle of tibiae not prolonged. IX. Bothrideres. 
aa. Head deflexed ; front coxae very distinctly closed; outer apical angle of 
tibiae prolonged. Erotylathris. 

IX. Bothrideres Erichs. 1832. (Gr., "a small trench + neck. '') 

One of the two known species occurs in Indiana. 

*1064 (3287). Bothrideres geminatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V, 1826, 262 ; ibid. II, 323. 
Oblong, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, moderately 
shining, sparsely pubescent. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed behind, 
apex feebly emarginate ; sides slightly curved with a small tubercle on mid- 
dle of margin; disk vaguely concave, coarsely and rather densely punc- 
tured. Elytra slightly broader than thorax, striate, the striae finely punc- 
tured; intervals alternately wider with a single row of punctures, the nar- 
rower ones smooth. Length 3^1.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. February 25-November 24. 
Occurs beneath bark, usually that of living hickory, maple and other 
trees. 

Erotylathris exaratus Melsh., oblong, black, opaque, length 4-6.5 
mm., is a southern form which has been taken at Cincinnati. Dury 
finds it beneath the bark of dead elm. 



TITE CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLES. 



Tribe V. CERYLONINI. 

Small oblong or oval flattened beetles haying the Last joint of 
palpi small and pointed, next to last thick, oval; middle and hind 
coxae widely separated; first ventral segment as long as the three 
following; first three joints of tarsi short, together shorter than 
fonrth. Two genera are represented in Indiana, each by a single 
species. 

KEY TO GENERA OF CERYLONINI. 

a. Antennae 10-jointed, club composed of a single joint; front coxal cavi- 
ties closed behind ; tibia? with small terminal spurs. X. Cerylon. 
an. Antennae 11-jointed, club 2- jointed ; front coxal cavities open behind; 
tibiae without terminal spurs. XI. Philothermus. 

X. Cerylon Latr. 1802. (Gr., the name of a bird.) 

Head small, deeply inserted ; front coxa? widely separated, pre- 
sternum broad. 

*1065 (3290). Cerylon castaneum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1826, 259 ; ibid. II, 321. 
Oblong-elongate, depressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining. 
Thorax nearly square, hind angles rectangular, disk with a slight impres- 
sion on each side at base, rather coarsely but not densely punctured. Ely- 
tra scarcely wider than thorax, surface striate, the striae punctured. Length 
2-3 mm. 

Frequent in the southern half of State ; less so in the northern 
counties. March 25-December 28. Occurs in winter on the under 
side of deeply buried logs, and also then and at other seasons be- 
neath bark of elm and other trees. 

XT. Philothermus Aube. 1838. (Gr., "love + heat. ") 

♦1066 (3291). Philothermus glabriculus Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.. 
18G3, 09. 

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, shining. 
Thorax broader than long, broadest at base; sides regularly curved from 
apex to base, margin distinctly reflexed; disk sparsely and finely punctate. 
Elytra not wider than thorax, with rows of rather coarse punctures which 
are less distinct toward apex. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 12-December 25. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and rarely beneath stones. 

Tribe VI. MURMIDIINL 

The principal distinctive characters of this tribe, in addition 
to those given in the key, are the very small oval body, the 10-jointed 



558 



FAMILY XX.- — RHYSSODIDiE. 



antennae, usually received in a cavity at the apical angle of the tho- 
rax, and the widely separated coxa 1 . Five genera are recognized by 
Casey.* While no member of the tribe has as yet been noted from 
Indiana, two of the genera, each of which contains a single species, 
may be represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MURMIDIINI. 

a. Antennal cavities visible from above; prosternal lobe large, completely 
concealing the labrnm and month parts in repose ; legs strongly re- 
tractile. Murmiditjs. 
aa, Antennal cavities visible in front, but not from above ; prosternal lobe 
truncate, not concealing the mouth parts ; legs free. Mychocerus. 

Murmidius ovalis Beck., brownish, shining, elytra with rows of 
distant pnnctnres, length 1.3 mm., is widely dispersed by commerce. 

Mychocerus depressvs Lee, reddish-brown, depressed, length 1 
mm., is a rare southern species which has been taken near Cincin- 
nati. 

Family XX. RIIYSSODIDiE. 

The Wrinkled Bark Beetles. 

This family comprises only four North American species, two 
from each side of the continent. The name of the family is founded 
upon that of the typical genns Rhyssodes, meaning "wrinkled- 
form, ' ' and doubtless refers to the deep grooves of head and thorax. 
They are narrow, elongate, somewhat flattened brown beetles having 
the head strongly constricted behind into a neck, and furrowed by 
two deep grooves; antenna? composed of 11 nearly equal rounded 
joints (Fig. 4, No. 12), inserted under the frontal margin; thorax 
long, deeply grooved; scutellum wanting; elytra rounded at tip, 
covering the abdomen ; front coxal cavities widely separated, closed 
behind; abdomen with six ventral segments, the first broadly trian- 
gular, widely separating the coxae ; legs short, the front tibiae ter- 
minated by two hooks; tarsi 5-jointed, very slightly pubescent be- 
neath. 

The principal paper treating of the family is the following: 

LeConte. — "Notes on the Rhyssodidae of the U. S.," in Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1875, 162-168. 

The two~ species of the Atlantic slope both occur in Indiana, 
living under bark of decaying logs. They belong to different 
genera, separated as follows : 

*Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895, 451. 



THE WRINKLED BARK BEETLES. 



559 



KEY TO GENERA OF RHYSSODIDiE. 

a. Elytra not grooved, but with distinct rows of punctures. 

I. Rhyssodes. 

aa. Elytra deeply grooved, without punctures. II. Clinidium. 

I. Rhyssodes Dalman. 1825. (Or., "wrinkled + form.") 

In this genus the thorax has three deep, entire grooves and one 
finer line on each side. The eyes are rounded, distinctly granu- 
lated and situated on the sides of the head; the middle and hind 
tibiae have one terminal spur. 

*1067 (3295). Rhyssodes americanus Lap., Silberm. Rev., IV, 1836, 58. 

Elongate, narrow. Uniform dark reddish-brown, shin- 
ing. Thorax one-half longer than wide, broadly rounded on 
the sides; furrows very deep, the two outer ones dilated be- 
hind. Elytral strise composed of large punctures, the inner 
ones rather deeply impressed. Front femora of male armed 
with a distinct tooth. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 209.) 

Frequent throughout the southern half of the 
State ; less so in the northern counties. April 14-De- 
cember 18. Both this species and the next hibernate 
singly or in small colonies beneath the close fitting 

& • Fig. 209. X 4J. 

bark of beech, oak and elm logs, rarely beneath mul- (Original.) 
lein leaves. One of these colonies containing 18 specimens was 
noted on November 28, beneath the bark of an elm log. This is the 
species usually called exaratus Serv., which name was preoccupied. 

II. Clinidium Kirby. 1829. (Gr., "a slope + little.") 

In addition to the deeply grooved elytra devoid of punctures, 
this genus may be known by the thorax having one entire dorsal 
line, two short, deep basal impressions and a double line on each 
side ; eyes narrow, scarcely granulated, confined to the upper side 
of the head ; middle and hind tibiae, with two terminal spurs. 

*1068 (3297). Clinidium sculptile Newm., Nat. Hist., 1838, 666. 

Form and color as in R. americanus. Thorax oblong, nearly twice as 
long as wide, sides broadly rounded. Elytra with the intervals narrower 
than the deep intervening grooves. Front thighs of male distinctly toothed. 
Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-November 8 
Mating on April 9. 
[ 36— 23402] 




560 



FAMILY XXI — C UC V J IDJE 



Family XXI. CUCUJIDAE. 
The Flat Bark Beetles. 

The Cucujidae constitute a small family of very depressed elon- 
gate beetles. As Mr. Bury has well said : ' ' The members of the 
family are striking examples of forms modified for an existence 
under the loose, elose-lying\bark of trees, enabling them to squeeze 
into crevices, where they find food for their larvae, and which the 
eternally vigilant ant cannot penetrate." The name "Cucujus" 
is of South American origin, and its meaning is not certain. It is 
said to be applied by the natives to a luminous snapping beetle 
(Elater noctilucus L.) of Brazil and adjoining countries. 

From allied families the Cucujidae may be distinguished by 
having the antennae 11 -jointed, inserted at the margin of the front, 
sometimes long and slender, sometimes with the outer joints slightly 
enlarged; scutellum distinct; elytra rounded at tip and covering 
the abdomen, usually flat and strongly margined ; front coxal cavi- 
ties widely separated, usually closed behind, though open in some 
subfamilies, the coxae rounded or subglobular, not prominent; 
middle coxae small, subtriangular, not prominent ; hind coxae nearly 
contiguous, transverse; abdomen with five free ventral segments, 
equal in length ; legs rather short, femora large ; tibiae slender, ter- 
minated by two spurs. 

The larvae of the Cucujidae, as far as known, are flattened grubs 
with distinct antennae and several simple eyes, the terminal seg- 
ment ending in hooks or tubercles. Like the mature beetles they 
live under bark, and some of them are carnivorous, feeding upon 
mites, podurids and small larvae of wood-boring beetles, so that in 
general they may be regarded as beneficial. However, two of the 
beetles, Silvanus surinamensis , and Cathartus advena, infest stored 
grain, dried fruits and other stores, and are therefore often quite 
injurious. 

The principal literature treating of the North American forms 
is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Revision of the Cueuiides of the United States," 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Scl, VII, 1854, 73-79. 

Casey. — "Revision of the Cucujidae of America North of 
Mexico," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XI, 1884, 69-112. 

Wickham. — "The Cucujidae of Ontario and Quebec," in Can. 
Ent. XXVII, 1895, 25-29. 



THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 



563 



Almost 400 species of the family are known, about 60 of which, 
distributed among 17 genera, are from the United States. These 
are divided among five subfamilies, four of which are represented 
in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF CTICTJJIBvE. 

a. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 

6. Tarsi not lobed beneath, the fourth joint small ; antenna? with dis- 
tinct club, their third ioint never longer, usually shorter than the 
second. Subfamily I. Silvanin.e, p. 561. 

lil). Tarsi with the third joint lobed beneath ; fourth tarsal joint very 
small: antemne long and slender, filiform; last joint of maxillary 
palpi in our species large, hatchet-shaped. 

Subfamily IV. Telephanin.f. p. 5G9. 
aa. Front coxal cavities open behind; antennas usually without club: the 
third joint longer than second (except in some LmmopMwus) . 
c. Maxilla? concealed by horny plates which extend out from the sides 
of the mouth ; thorax as long or longer than broad. 

Subfamily II. Passandrinje, p. 564. 
cc. Maxilla? not concealed. Subfamily III. Cucu.jin-E. p. 565. 

" Subfamily I. SILVANINAE. 

Elongate, depressed brownish forms, less than 5 mm. in length, 
having the tarsi 5- jointed in both sexes ; the maxilla? exposed. Three 
genera occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF SILVANIN.F. 

a. Club of antennre formed by abrupt enlargement of last three joints; 
form very slender ; length less than 3 mm. 
J). The three joints of the club subequal. I. Silvanus. 

hi). The middle joint of the club slightly larger than either of the other 
two. II. Cathartus. 

aa. Club formed by gradual enlargement of the joints ; form broader; 
length 3.5-5 mm. III. Nausibius. 

I. Silvaxus Lat. 1807. (L., "pertaining to a wood or forest.") 

Small oblong or elongated species having the head sub quadrate, 
last joint of palpi obconical; antenna? with joints one and two 
larger, three to seven smaller, subequal: eighth smallest; nine to 
eleven forming an abrupt loose club. Elytra with large round 
punctures arranged in rows. They occur beneath bark, more es- 
pecially that of oak. elm or poplar, or in grain. Four species are 
known from the State. 



562 



FAMILY XXI. — CUCUJID.E. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILVANUS. 

a. Thorax suboval, its sides each with six teeth. 10G9. sukinamensis. 
a a . Thorax elongate, the sides not toothed. 

6. Thorax strongly narrowed behind, the sides more or less sinuate; 
head with a small tooth behind each eye. 
c. Thorax with a sharp divergent tooth at each front angle; elytra 
very opaque, strongly punctured. 1070. bidentatus. 

cc. Thorax with teeth less developed ; elytra somewhat shining, less 
densely punctured. 1071. planatus. 

1>1). Thorax very feebly narrowed behind, the sides nearly straight ; head 
without a tooth behind the eye. 1072. imbellis. 

*1069 (3299). Silvaxus sukixamensis L., Syst. Nat.. II, 1767, 565. 

Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown clothed 
with lighter pubescence. Antenme slightly longer than 
thorax. Thorax longer than wide, the disk with three 
raised lines; sides evenly curved and provided with six 
distinct teeth. Elytra each with four costae, the inter- 
vals granulate-punctate. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 210.) 

Marion and Vigo counties ; common. Probably 
throughout the State, as it has been carried by com- 
merce all over the globe. On account of damage 
done to stored grain, corn in particular, it is known 
as the "corn silvanus. " It also feeds on dried 
fruits. By closing the bin or fruit reeeptable air- 
Fig. 210. (After chit- tight, or as nearrv so as possible, and pouring in 

tenden. Far. Bull. 4o, ° . 

u. s. Dep. Agr.) bisulphide of carbon, a gill for each bushel capacity, 

and allowing it to evaporate for twenty-four hours, both beetles and 
larva? will be killed without leaving any odor or flavor behind. Hi- 
bernates as imago. April 25-December 28. 

1070 (3300). Silvanus bidextatus Fab., Syst. El.. I, 1801, 317. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, very opaque, densely 

punctured. Front angles of thorax sharply toothed the disk somewbat 
convex and with traces of the raised lines seen in surinamensis. Length 
2.7 mm. 

Marion. Putnam. Jackson, Lawrence and Crawford counties: 
frequent. March 20-June 12. Taken beneath bark and by sifting. 

1071 (3301). Silvanus flaxatus Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., 1S24, 466. 
Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown, less densely punctured. 

Thorax broader than in Mdentatus; sides parallel from apex to middle, 
thence distinctly converging. Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common, April 16-November 30, It is 
possible that this is the female of bidentatus. They often occur in 
company and Liaell stated (Entom. Amer. III. 171). that he had 
taken the two in coitu. 




THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 



563 




Fig. 211. (After Chit- 



1072 (3302). Silvanus imbellis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, VII, 
1854, 77. 

Elongate, rather narrow, depressed. Dark reddish-brown, subopaque, 
very deeply and densely punctured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the 
teeth of front angles but slightly developed; disk finely and densely punc- 
tate ; hind angles obtuse. Length 2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 4-November 8. 
Occurs in damp localities, often beneath the bark of sycamore. 

II. Cathartus Reiche. 1854. (Gr., "to cleanse.") 

Small brown forms very close to Silvanus but 
having the middle club joint larger than either of 
the others ; thorax broader than long except in quad- 
ricollis. Two species have been taken in the State, 
while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CATHAKTUS. 

a. Thorax either subquadrate or longer than wide, its 
sides nearly straight; body very feebly punctate. 

(Fig. 211.) QUADRICOLLIS. 

aa. Thorax broader than long. 

b. Front angles of thorax each with a distinct tooth. 

c. Second and third joints of antennae subequal ; tendon, Far. Bull. No. 45.) 
head and thorax minutely and densely punctate; form broader 
and more convex. 1073. advena. 

cc. Second joint of antenna? distinctly longer and stouter than third; 
head and thorax densely granulate-punctate; form more slender. 

1074. LON GULES. 

bb. Front angles of thorax not toothed. rectus. 
C. quadricollis Grier., elongate, slender, pale reddish-brown, 
shining, length 2.4-3 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Georgia, 

1073 (3305). Cathaetus advena Waltl., Si lb. Rev. Ent., II, 256. 

Oblong, subconvex. Rather pale chestnut 
brown, shining, finely pubescent. Thorax quad- 
rate, one-third broader than long, sides feebly 
curved, front angles with minute blunt teeth, 
hind ones rectangular. Elytra with rows of 
rather coarse punctures. Length 1.7-2 mm. (Fig. 
212.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent. Janu- 
ary 24-November 12. Probably occurs 
throughout the State, as it feeds on various 
articles of commerce, especially damp flour, 
meal, rice, figs, beans, apples, etc. If these 
articles be stored in a clean, dry, well-ven- 
tilated place the damage will not be serious. 




/ Mm 



Fig. 212. 



X 20. 



.0- 
(After Forbes.) 



564 



FAMILY XXI. CUCUJIMS. 



1074 (- — — ■). Cathartus longulus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax dark reddish-brown, 
subopaque ; elytra, antenna? and legs paler brown, more shining. Antennae 
slender, longer than head and thorax, joints 3-8 subequal, ninth two-thirds 
the width of tenth. Thorax slightly wider than long; sides almost straight, 
the margins flattened; front angles with an obtuse tooth, hind ones acute ; 
disk with dense elongate granules. Elytra scarcely wider at base than 
thorax, with rows of rather fine, close-set punctures. Length 2 mm. 

Starke County ; rare. June 16. Sifted from borders of sphag- 
num marsh. 

C. rectus Lee, pale chestnut-brown, length 2 mm., is known from 
Pennsylvania, Illinois and southward. 

III. Nausibius Redt. 1858. (L., "disgust 4- life.") 

Broader and more depressed than in Silvanus, the elytra costate 
and covering the entire abdomen. One species is known from the 
State. 

1075 (3308). Nausibius clavicoenis Kug., Schneider's Magaz., I, 1791, 511. 
Elongate, depressed. Dark chestnut brown, deeply and densely punc- 
tured. Antennae robust, rather short, placed on the front angles of the 
head in front of eyes. Thorax quadrate, disk with two indentations be- 
hind the middle; sides with six obtuse teeth. Elytra each with four 
slightly elevated lines. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Vigo County ; rare. September 17. Two specimens were taken 
with a dozen other species at sap beneath the bark of a soft maple 
tree. LeConte states that it occurs usually in rice, sugar and other 
articles of commerce throughout the United States. Listed as N. 
dentatus Marsh. 

Subfamily II. PASSANDRINAE. 

Elongate, slender, depressed or subcylindrical species, having 
the tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes; elytra covering the entire abdo- 
men; head quadrate; eyes coarsely granulated. One of the three 
genera is represented in the State. 

IV. Catogen.us Westw. 1835. (Gr., " inferior + chin. ") 

This genus is represented by a single species of wide distribution 
which is very variable in size. It has robust, bead-like antenna?, 
joints one to ten subglobular, first largest, second smallest; the last 
joint compressed and carinate. 

*1076 (3310). Catogenus eufus Fab., Ent. Syst. Emend., 1798, 123. 

Elongate, depressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown. Head with a 
transverse groove behind the eyes. Thorax narrowed behind, distinctly 



THE FLAT BxVRK BEETLES. 



565 



punctured but with a faint smooth median line on basal half. Elytra deeply 
striate, not punctate. Eyes almost invisible from above. Length 5-11.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 2-October 13. Hi- 
bernates in numbers beneath bark, especially that of sugar maple. 



Subfamily III. CUCUJINAE. 

The absence of the horn-like plates concealing the maxillae is the 
chief distinction between this and the preceding subfamily. The 
following genera are known to be represented or may occur in the 
State. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENEKA OF CUCUJIN.E. 



v. cucujtjs. 
Narthecius. 



a. Head widest behind the eyes ; color bright red. 
aa. Head widest across the eyes. 

6. Body elongate, cylindrical ; thorax margined. 
hi). Body depressed. 

c. Antennas shorter than head and thorax, the latter not margined. 

Pediacus. 

<■<■. Antenna* longer than head and thorax. 

d. Thorax not serrate at sides, sometimes with a single tooth at 
front angles. 

e. Elytra very short ; thorax not margined. Ino. 
ee. Elytra long ; thorax margined. 

/. First antennal joint about as long as head. Dendrophagus. 
ff. First joint much shorter than head; thorax with an im- 
pressed line each side of disk. 
g. Spurs of front tibiae unequal in length. 

VI. Lemophleus. 

gg. Spurs of front tibia? equal. Lathropus. 
dd. Thorax distinctly serrate at sides ; first joint of antennse nearly 
as long as the head. VIE Brontes. 



V. Cucujus Fab. 1775. (NL., a word of South American origin.) 

To this genus belongs our largest and most brilliantly colored 
member of the family. 

*1077 (3316). Cucujus clavipes Fab., Spec. Ins.. I. 1781, 257. 

Elongate, very depressed, sides parallel. 
Above bright scarlet red : beneath duller red : 
tibiae and tarsi darker. Antennse black, equal 
to head and thorax in length. Head broad- 
est behind the eyes, the hind angles being 
produced outward and backward. Thorax 
coarsely punctate: disk with three broad, 
slightly elevated ridges. Elytra finely punc- 
tate. Length 10-13.5 mm. (Fig. 213.) 

and side views of its anal 

Southern half of State, frequent ; less its head; 6, imago. (After 




Fig 213. 



e, enlarg 
joint; d, 
Riley.) 



566 



FAMILY XXI. — CUCUJIDyE. 



so in the northern counties. March 17-Deeember 20. Occurs be- 
neath bark, especially that of freshly felled ash and poplar logs. 
Sometimes gregarious in colonies of twenty or more. 

Narthecius grandiceps Lee, dark chestnut-brown, thorax nar- 
rowed behind, length 3 mm., is known froin Pennsylvania and Ne- 
braska, but is very rare. 

Pediacus depressus Herbst., reddish-brown, strongly punctured, 
length 3.3 mm., is a cosmopolitan species which has been taken by 
Dury near Cincinnati. He also records an undescribed species of 
Ino from the same locality. 

Dendrophagus glaber Lee, black, shining, elytra sometimes 
brown, length 6-7 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in the 
northern counties. 

VI. L^mophl/eus Lap. 1 837. ( Gr., 1 ' to eat + bark. ' ' ) 

Small, flattened or subconvex species, usually much broader 
proportionately than in Silvanus, the antennae frequently elongate, 
especially in the males; eyes rather small, near the front edge of 
thorax; labrum large,' transverse, rounded in front; middle and 
hind tarsi 4- jointed in the males. The following have been taken or 
perhaps occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEMOPHMDS. 

a. Second joint of antennae shorter than third. 

1). Labrum eniarginate ; elytra with a pale spot before the middle of 
each ; length 2.8-4 mm. 
c. Elytra! spot nearly circular, well defined; surface densely punctate. 

1078. BIGUTTATTS. 

cc. Elytral spot ill-defined, irregular in form ; surface finely and 
sparsely punctured. 1079. fasciatus. 

hi). Labrum entire ; elytra without spots ; length 1.5-2 mm. 
(I. Body convex. 

e. Front angles of thorax toothed. convexultjs. 
ee. Front angles of thorax rounded. 1080. adustus. 

del. Body depressed ; elytra shorter than abdomen. modesttjs. 
aa. Second joint of antennae equal to third ; pale reddish-brown, elytra with- 
out spots; length 1.5-2 mm. 
f. Head with transverse groove behind the eyes ; male without deep 
notch in front of base of antenna 1 . 1081. testaceous. 

ff. Head without transverse groove ; male with head deeply notched near 
base of antennse and first joint of the latter as long as the three 
following. 1082. punctatus. 



THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. OP* 

*1078 (3320). L^cMOPHLiEtJS biguttatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V, 1826, 267; ibid. II, 326. 
Oblong, depressed. Dark chestnut brown; legs and antennae slightly 
paler. Thorax narrowed behind; sides much curved, the margins obso- 
letely crenate. Elytra striate, twice as long as head and thorax together, 
strongly margined. Length 3-4 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. May 1-December 18. 

1079 (3321). L^emophlzeus fasctatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 113. 

Oblong, depressed. Pale reddish-brown ; elytra somewhat darker. An- 
tennae slightly longer than head and thorax, the last three joints broadest 
and flattened. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, sides curved and feebly 
sinuate. Elytra as in Uguttatuis, but only lightly punctured. Length 3- 
3.5 mm. 

Kosciusko, Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. 
March 24-November 23. Taken in spring at sap on maple and 
beech stumps. 

L. convexulus Lee, dark brownish-yellow, length 2-2.4 mm., is 
known to occur from Michigan and near Cincinnati. 

10S0 (3327). LiEMOPHLiEUS awstus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 
1854, 74. 

Oblong, subconvex. Head and thorax reddish-brown, thickly and 
coarsely punctured; elytra darker, shining, glabrous. Head as wide as 
thorax ; antennae two-thirds the length of body. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, narrowed at base, sides strongly rounded, sinuate near hind angles, 
which are sharp and prominent. Elytral striae hue, punctured. Length 
2 mm. 

lake, Kosciusko, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March 
27-June 20. Occurs on beech logs. 

L. modestus Say, dark brownish-yellow, sparsely and rather 
deeply punctate, length 1.8-2.3 mm., is known from Canada and 
Georgia. 

1081 (3328). L^emophl,ei7S testaceus Fab., Ent. Syst. Emend., I, 179S, 96. 

Elongate-oblong, depressed. Uniform light reddish-brown. Antennae of 
male nearly as long as body; of female equal to elytra. Head and thorax 
sparsely and rather finely punctured; the latter quadrate, sides almost 
parallel, front angles plainly toothed, hind ones rectangular, lateral grooves 
distinct. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 5- June 20. Found 
mating in April. Hibernates ; gregarious in winter. 



568 



FAMILY XXI. — CUCUJIMS 



1082 (3330). L^mophl^eus punctatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,* 
VII, 1854, 75. 

Form and color of testaceus. Head and thorax more coarsely punc- 
tured, the latter not as wide and feebly narrowed toward base. Elytra 
shorter, more distinctly striate, the outer stria deeper ; intervals each with 
two rows of fine punctures. Length 1.6 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. August 10. Hitherto recorded only 
from the southern states. 

Lathropus vcrnalis Lee,, dark chestnut-brown, legs, antennae and 
front of head paler, head and thorax covered with small elongate 
granules, length 1.3-1.7 mm., occurs in the "Atlantic and Missis- 
sippi regions/' 

VII. Brontes Fab. 1801. (Or., "thunder.") 

Rather broad and very flat species having the sides of thorax 
finely and acutely serrate, the front angles strongly toothed and the 
mesosternum emarginate in front. Two species occur in Indiana, 

*1083 (3349). Brontes dubius Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 97. 

Moderately elongate, very depressed. Nearly uniform brownish-black ; 
legs and margins of elytra paler ; head and thorax often paler than elytra, 
their surface coarsely and densely punctured. Antennae as long as body, 
densely pubescent. Thorax one-half broader than long; front angles very 
prominent and toothed, hind ones broadly rounded. Elytra broader at base 
than thorax, with a distinct costa from humerus to apex; sides strongly 
margined. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common beneath bark. February 21- 
November 17, The mandibles of male are armed with a slender 
curved horn which is turned upward to meet the one of the opposite 
side. 

1084 (3350). Brontes debilis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 76. 

Elongate, slender, depressed. Uniform pieeous-black, clothed with short, 
sparse yellowish hairs ; antennae and legs reddish-brown, the former as long 
as thorax and elytra together. Thorax about as long as wide, distinctly 
narrowed behind the middle, sides finely and evenly serrate; front angles 
acute, hind ones obtusely rounded ; surface densely and coarsely punctured. 
Elytra costate as in dubius and as there with a row of minute granules 
along each interval, the sides between the eostae and margin almost per- 
pendicular. Length 4-5 mm. 

Marion County; rare. November 1. Taken by sifting. The 
narrower and less serrate thorax, more slender form and darker 
color easily distinguish this from dubius. 



THE FLAT BARK BEETLES. 



569 



Subfamily IV. .TELEPH ANINAE. 

Two genera comprise this subfamily, one of which is repre- 
sented in the State by a single species : 

VIII. Telephanus Erichs. 1832. (Or., "distant + glitter.") 

Elongate, slender, subtle pressed species, having the first joint 
of antennae long, spindle-shaped; elytra broader than thorax, their 
tips rounded; hind femora swollen; tarsi 5-jointed, the last joint 
bilobed. 

*1085 (3353). Telephanus velox Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 
1846, 127. 

Pale brownish-yellow, closely and coarsely punctured; rather coarsely 
pubescent; head and often the apical third of elytra fuscous. Antennae as 
long as elytra ; apical half, except the last one or two joints, darker. Tho- 
rax one-half longer than wide, narrowed behind the middle. Length 4 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 27-November 27. 
Occurs more often beneath stones, chunks and dead leaves than be- 
neath bark. "When exposed it usually remains quiescent with an- 
tennae folded against sides, but if touched it runs with great swift- 
ness, whence its specific name. 

Family XXII. CRYPTOPHAGIDiE. 
The Silken Fungus Beetles. 

Belonging here are a number of beetles of small size, oblong or 
oval in form and never very depressed. They are usually less than 
2.5 mm. in length and often of a light yeilo wish-brown color, with a 
silken lustre produced by a very fine pubescence. Their habits are 
exceedingly variable, some living in fungi, others about wood and 
chip piles or in cellars, beneath dead leaves, in rotten logs or on 
flowers. They are to be taken in early spring by sifting and in 
summer by beating vegetation or examining fleshy fungi. The 
name Cryptophagidae implies that the insects com- 
prising the family feed upon cryptogamous plants, 
which include the mushrooms and fungi ; however, 
they are much less fungivorous in habit than the 
members of the next family. 

The principal distinguishing characters of the 
family, briefly stated, are the 11- jointed antennae, 
with joints 9 to 11 larger, forming a loose club ; 
thorax nearly or quite as wide as elytra, often with 
distinct basal impressions and usually with the 

dentatus. A European 

lateral edges modified by serrations or nodular bpecie& ' (After Sharp * 




570 



FAMILY XXII. — CRYPTOPIIAGIDzE. 



thickenings ; elytra rounded behind, entirely covering the abdomen,, 
the latter with five free ventral segments, the first usually somewhat 
longer than the others ; front coxas oval, moderate in size, separated 
by the prosternum, the coxa! cavities usually widely open behind; 
legs short, tarsi 5-jointed, the hind ones 4-;jointed in the males of 
certain genera, the joints clothed beneath with long hair. (Fig. 
214.) 

The family is closely allied to the (hicujidce, but the broader 
and shorter convex body, the oval front coxae and the usually greater 
length of the first ventral segment are sufficient to distinguish the 
two. The principal, and practically the only, paper treating of the 
North American representatives of the family is that of : 

Casey. — "Review of the American CryptophagidaB, " in Journ. 
N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900, 75-128. 1 

In it he has placed the genus Diplocodus, assigned by LeConte 
and Horn to the Mycetophagidae, and has listed and described from 
North America 127 species, distributed among 16 genera. For con- 
venience the family is first divided into two subfamilies as follows : 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF CRYPTOPHAGIDiE. 

a. Antennae remotely separated at base, inserted under the sides of the 
front; palpi dissimilar, the maxillary elongate and slender, with the 
fourth joint elongate and more or less acuminate at tip, the labial 
short with the last joint oval or hatchet-shaped. 

Subfamily T. Cryptophagin^e, p. 570. 
aa. Antenna* close together at base, inserted on the front ; palpi similar, 
short, stout and acuminate, the last joint of both small, narrow and 
awl-shaped. Subfamily II. Atomariin.e, p. 57S. 

Subfamily I. CRYPTOPHAGINAE. 

The species of this subfamily are generally larger, more oblong, 
less convex and more pubescent than in the Atomariinse. Of the 
127 species accredited the family by Casey, 59 belong here. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CRYPTOPHAGINAE. 

a. Thorax with two fine raised lines on each side of the disk ; antenna 1 
grooves before the eyes narrow and deep ; trochanters moderate in 
size, very obliquely attached at the side of the base of the femora. 

I. Diploccelus. 

aa. Thorax without raised lines on the disk (except in Crosimus) ; an- 
tenna 1 grooves obsolete; trochanters elongate, bearing the femora 
obliquely attached to their outer ends; antenna I club always loosely 
3-jointed 

T). Front coxal cavities completely closed behind ; first ventral segment 
but little longer than second and with two straight raised lines 



THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 



571 



diverging from the inner margin of the hind coxal cavities; first 
joint of hind tarsi as long as the next two combined ; eyes with 
coarse facets. H. Cryptophiltjs. 

&&. Front coxal cavities broadly and completely open behind; basal seg- 
ments of abdomen variable in length. 
c. Tarsi with third joint strongly and second joint less strongly lobed 
beneath, the fourth joint very small ; 5-jointed in both sexes. 
d. Body distinctly, rather densely pubescent, closely and irregularly 
punctured; ninth joint of antennae very little wider than 
eighth ; sides of elytra not margined at base ; prosternal process 
acute at tip. HI. Telmatophilus. 

dd. Body sparsely and feebly pubescent; ninth antennal joint as 
wide as the tenth ; sides of elytra margined at base ; prosternal 
process truncate at tip. 
e. Punctures of elytra in rows ; thorax transversely impressed at 
base. IV. Loberus. 

ee. Punctures of elytra few and irregularly distributed; thorax 
not impressed at base. V. Tomarus. 

cc. Tarsi filiform, simple, and never lobed beneath, 5-jointed in the 
females, the hind ones 4-jointed in the males; sides of elytra 
never margined at base and elytral punctures never in rows, 
f. Mesosternum deeply emarginate, receiving the prosternum ; eyes 
situated in front of base of head, small, not prominent; body 
large, for the family, oblong, densely clothed with yellow hair. 

VI. Antherophagus. 

ff. Mesosternum not emarginate ; eyes situated at base of head, con- 
vex, prominent. 

ff. Sides of thorax with three undulations — at the apex and near 
apical and basal thirds^the apical angles not more thick- 
ened; body short, broadly oval and convex, with long hairy 
covering. VII. Crosimtjs. 

gg. Sides of thorax not undulated. 

//. Thorax with apical angles thickened and obliquely truncate, 
the lateral edges even except a minute tooth near the mid- 
dle; basal fovea? very small and feeble. 

VIII. Cryptophagus. 
hh. Thorax with apical angles not thickened, the lateral edges 
serrulate with very fine teeth. 

i. Body oval, convex ; thorax with a distinct transverse basal 

groove. IX. Henotictjs. 

ii. Body oblong, parallel, rather strongly depressed; thorax 

without a basal groove, but with two small distinct basal 
fovea?. X. Pteryngifm. 

I. Diploccelus Guer. 1846. (Gr., "double + cavity.") 

This genus, formerly placed in the next family, comprises small 
elongate or oblong subdepressed beetles, most easily distinguished by 
the fine raised lines on the sides of the disk of thorax. The ant en- 



572 



FAMILY XXII. CRYPTOPIIAGIDJE. 



rial club is 3-jointecl. the ninth joint slightly smaller than tenth, the. 
eighth small and similar to seventh. Three species are known from 
the United States, two of which are known from Indiana, while the 
other may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIPLOCCELUS. 

a. Raised lines on .sides of thorax well marked. 

b. Thorax narrowed in front, its sides nearly straight, hind angles 
prominent, externally covering the base of elytra. AXGrsTicoixis. 
bl). Thorax not narrowed in front, its sides regularly curved. 

10S6. BRUNNETJS. 

aa. Raised lines of thorax almost obsolete. 10S7. rudis. 

D. angustieollis Horn, piceous, length 4.5 mm., was described 
from Marquette. Michigan. 

10S6 (3414). Diplocceixs bruxxeus Lee. New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 
1863, 73. 

Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Dull blackish-brown or piceous, feebly 
shining, rather sparsely pubescent. Thorax closely punctured, sides nearly 
parallel, disk with three elevated lines on each side, of which the inner is 
feeble and incomplete. Elytra with feebly impressed rows of close-set punc- 
tures, intervals each with a row of short, very fine, suberect hairs. Length 
3-3.5 mm. 

Marion. Putnam. Lawrence, Jennings and Posey counties; fre- 
quent. April 22-November 20. Probably hibernates. Taken in 
su m mer from fungi on beech and maple logs and in spring by sift- 
ing from about the roots of such trees. 

1087 (3415). Diploccelus bums Lee, loc. cit. 

Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Dark reddish-brown to fuscous, shin- 
ing. Thorax coarsely punctured, with only traces of raised lines on the 
disk ; hind angles rectangular, acute. Elytra with rows of very coarse 
punctures; intervals polished, each with a single row of very long suberect 
hairs. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

A southern species taken in Perry County ; rare. May 1. 

II. Cryptophilus Keitt. 1874. (Gi\, "a concealed place + 

loving.") 

A single, small oblong, pieeous-brown species, introduced from 
Europe, represents this genus in the State. It resembles several of 
our species of Cryptophagus but does not have the apical angles of 
thorax thickened. 

10SS ( ). Ceyptophiixs txteger Heer. Faun. Helvet, I. 1S40. 42C>. 

Elongate-oblong, subparallel, feebly convex. Piceous or dark reddish- 
brown, sparsely clothed with suberect yellowish hairs. Antenna? nearly 



THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 



573 



half the length of body, the club loosely three-jointed. Head coarsely and 
rather closely punctured. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly 
curved, margins rather wide and distinctly reflexed ; front angles rather 
prominent, hind ones obtuse ; disk convex, rather closely and coarsely punc- 
tate. Elytra a little wider at base than thorax, feebly narrowed from mid- 
dle to the rounded tips ; each with numerous closely placed rows of rather 
coarse slightly impressed punctures. Length 3 mm. 

Marion and Hancock counteis; frequent. April 6-October 15. 
Taken by Harold Morrison from a cellar in which wood had been 
stored. Resembles Typhoe fumaia L., but more coarsely punctate 
and less pubescent. 

III. Te lm atop niLUS Heer. 1 841 . (Gr., ' ' swamp + loving. ' ? ) 

In this genus and the next two the thorax, has two small, deep 
and widely separated foveas or pits near the basal margin. The 
genus is represented by the single species : 

1089 (3355). Texmatopiiilus amertcanus Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 

1863, 70. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, rather shining, 
the pubescence yellowish to ashy gray ; antennas and legs reddish-brown, 
the former scarcely as long as head and thorax. Thorax a third wider 
than long, finely and densely punctate, sides evenly curved, the edges very 
finely serrulate; apical angles obtusely rounded, hind angles acute. Elytra 
slightly wider than thorax, the punctures much less dense. Length 2.5- 
3 mm. 

Northern half of State ; locally common on the flowers and leaves 
of the semi- aquatic plant, arrow-arum, Peltanclra virginica L. May 
20-June 25. 

IV. Loberus Lec. 1861. 

Small oblong species resembling, at first sight, certain " flea- 
beetles ' ' of the family Chrysomelidse. From the members of allied 
genera they may be most readily known by the elytral punctures 
being arranged in rows, and bearing very short, fine, recurved hairs. 
One of the five known species occurs in Indiana. 

1090 (3356). Loberus impresses Lec, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1803, 70. 
Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, shining ; sparsely 

pubescent. Antenna) slightly longer than head and thorax, paler than body. 
Thorax narrower than elytra, nearly twice as wide as long; sides feebly 
curved, disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, basal depression broadly 
impressed. Elytra three and a half times as long as thorax, the apex 
rather narrowly rounded; intervals smooth and without punctures. Length 
2-2.3 mm. 



574 FAMILY XXII. — CRYPTOPIIAGID/E. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 6- July 15. Occurs be- , 
neath bark and on foliage of plants usually near water. Common 
at Hudson Lake July 15, on the louse-wort, Pedicularis lanceolata 
Michx. 

Y. Tomarus Lec. 1861. (Gr., "to cut.") 

Smaller and shorter than in Loberus. Elytra irregularly punc- 
tured; thorax not impressed at base; basal joint of antennal club 
about as large as second. One species occurs in Indiana. 

1091 (3357). Tomarus pulchellus Lec, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 71. 
Elongate-oval, convex, nearly smooth. Brownish-yellow 

to piceous ; legs and basal half of antennae paler ; elytra 
each with a large humeral space and a wide subapical cross- 
bar yellow. Antennae slightly longer than head and thorax. 
Thorax finely but distinctly punctured, narrower than ely- 
tra ; sides parallel and curved ; apex as wide as base. Ely- 
tra widest just before the middle, then gradually narrowed 
to the rather acute apex, finely and sparsely punctured. 
1 '"(Original?)"'' Length 1.3-l.G mm. (Fig. 215.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent, especially in spring, when it 
occurs in dead leaves and beneath mullein, stones and chunks. Hi- 
bernates. March 19-December 7. 

VI. Antherophagus Lat. 1806. (Gr., "blossom + eating. ") 

This genus comprises the. largest members of the family, distin- 
guished by having the eyes placed on the side of head ; male with 
clypeus deeply emarginate, and antennas thick and closely jointed; 
the body in both sexes densely clothed with short, appressed pubes- 
cence. 

1092 (3359). Antherophagus ochraceus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., II, 1844, 115. 

Oblong, subconvex. Pale brownish-yellow throughout ; antennae and 
base of tibiae blackish in male. Thorax transverse, sides parallel and al- 
most straight, the punctures fine and dense. Elytra as wide as thorax, 
very de:isely and finely punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent.; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. Occurs on flowers, especially those of the wild hydrangea, Hy- 
drangea arbor escens L. June 24-September 21. 

VII. Crosimus Casey. 1900. 

In addition to the characters mentioned in generic key, the mem- 
bers of this genus have a fine raised line on each side of the thorax, 
extending from base to apex ; and also have the basal fovae of thorax 




THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 



575 



connected by a deep channel along the basal margin. Two species 
are listed by Casey, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

1093 ( ). Ckosimus hibtus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, A r III, 1900, 90.- 

Broadly oval. Piceous or black; legs and antenna? somewhat paler; 
elytra dark red. black at apex, on middle of side margins and transversely 
behind the base near the suture. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, the 
sides feebly converging from base to apex, not continuing those of the ely- 
tra ; surface finely, deeply and densely punctate, the sub-marginal line 
parallel to the edge. Elytra with long, rather dense pubescence and with 
long, erect hairs in addition; surface irregularly, sparsely and rather 
coarsely punctate. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 6-April 25. I§aken 
from a large yellow well-decayed fleshy fungus, and by sifting. 
Known from Ohio and Iowa. 

VIII. Cryptophagus Hbst, 1792. (Gr.. " cryptogam + eating'.' 7 ) 

This genus comprises numerous oblong or oblong-oval species, 
distinctly though not densely pubescent, having the thorax trans- 
verse and bearing a short tooth on each edge near the middle, the 
apical angles thickened and base with two small foveas or pits con- 
nected by a fine groove ; front not margined. Casey lists 32 species 
of the genus, 25 of which he describes as new. Of these five have 
been taken in Indiana, while one or two others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOPHAGT. S. 

a. Sides of the thorax distinctly angulate at about the middle, the spicule 
or little point at apex of the angle therefore more prominent and 
separated from the thickened node of front angle by a rounded notch. 

1094. ACUTA NGULUS. 

a a. Sides of thorax broadly and evenly curved from base to apex, the spicule 
near middle very small and indistinct. 
&. Disk of thorax with four more or less evident smooth elevations and 
a short elevated ridge at middle of base, 
c. Thickened portion of front angles of thorax with a broadly oval, 
sharply defined flat or feebly concave disk, having a lafrge cen- 
tral puncture. 

cl, Dark reddish-brown ; disks of front angles of thorax large, as 
long as^the distance thence to the median spicule. 

1095. CROCEUS. 

M. Pale brownish-yellow; disks of front angles smaller, distinctly 
shorter than distance thence to the spicnles. 

109G. LATICLAVUS. 

cc. Thickened portion of front angles of thorax small, irregular, nar- 
row and without a puncture-bearing disk. 
c. Antemue long, rather stout, about half as long as body; length 

l.S mm. ANTENNATUS. 

[37—23402] 



576 



FAMILY XXII. CRYPTOPH AGIDiE . 




Fig. 218. x IX 



ee. Antennae much less than half as long as body ; length 2.2 mm. 

1097. FUNGICOLA. 

J)J). Disk of thorax evenly convex without elevations or ridges ; thickened 
node of front angles not flattened but protuberant. 

1098. NODANGUIAJS. 

1094 (9923). Cryptophagiis acuta ngxtlx-s Gyll., Insect. Suec, 1827. 
Oblong-elongate, subdepressed. Pale brownish-yellow ; 

head and thorax slightly darker ; eyes large, more than one- 
half the length of head. Thorax wider in front than at 
middle, finely and densely punctate ; nodes of the front an- 
gles prominent, slightly hooked behind; sides distinctly an- 
gulate at about the middle. Elytra three and a half times 
as long as thorax, more finely and less densely punctate than 
the latter. Length 2.3 mm. (Fig. 216.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 24-June 
'(Original.)^' 15 a boreal species, common to northern Europe 
and America. 

1095 (3372). Ceyptophagus croceus Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 

1869, 257. 

Oblong, the sides parallel. Dark reddish-brown, rather strongly pubes- 
cent. Thorax scarcely narrower than elytra (male) or distinctly narrower 
(female), strongly and closely punctured, the thickened nodes of apical 
angles conspicuous, Elytra about three times as long as thorax, less closely 
but equally coarsely punctured. Length 2-2.3 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce, January 24-November 12. 
Taken on the wing and by sifting rubbish - also feeding on apples in 
cellar. 

-109Q ( ). Ceyptophagus laticlavus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

VIII, 1900, 90. 

More oval and rather more convex than croceus. Pale brownish-yel- 
low throughout. Thorax smaller and more rounded at the sides ; punctures 
rather coarse and close-set. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, rather 
strongly rounded at tip. punctures moderately coarse, deep and close-set ; 
pubescence shorter and less conspicuous than in croceus. Length 2 mm. 

Posey and Dubois counties ; scarce. May Ti-J une 4. Taken by 
sifting damp leaves and rubbish. 

C. antennatus Casey, oblong-oval, pale reddish-brown, was de- 
scribed from Michigan. 

1097 (3374). Ceyptophagus fungicola Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 
1869, 257. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Dark brownish-yellow or reddish-brown, 
shining. Thorax but little narrower than elytra, the nodes of front angles 
small feeble, oblique; submedian spicule minute, slightly behind the middle 
and separated from the nodes by two to three times the length of the lat- 
ter; punctures small, deep, rather close-set. Elytra oval, obtusely rounded 
at tip finely, deeply and not very closely punctate. Length 2.2-2.4 mm. 



THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 



577 



Throughout the State; frequent. January 24- October 21. Oc- 
curs in fungi. 

1098 (3375). Ckyptophagus nodangulus Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

II, I860, 257. 

Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown, strongly shining. Antennse reach- 
ing base of thorax, the club less stout than in fungicola. Thorax finely, 
equally and rather closely punctured. Elytra more coarsely punctate. 
Length 2 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. April 7. 

IX. Henoticus Thorn. 1870. (Gr., ''in unity.'') 

Resembles Cryp I ophagus very closely, but is distinguished by the 
thorax having the edges finely toothed and without thickened apical 
space at front angles, and by the front above the base of antennae 
being finely margined. One of the two known species occurs in 
Indiana. 

1099 (3303). Henoticus serratus Gyll., Insect. Suec, 1827. 

Oblong, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, sparsely pubes- 
cent with yellowish hairs, the legs and antenna? paler. Thorax transverse, 
deeply and rather closely punctured, the sides nearly parallel, the edges 
with eight to ten fine teeth. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax, obtusely 
rounded behind, sparsely and coarsely punctured. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 23 -May 11. Occurs 
in dry fungi about the stumps of oak. 

X. Pteryngium Reitt. 1887.* (Gr., "wing + little.") 

The species of this genus are readily recognized by the rather 
narrow, strongly depressed, finely pubescent body. The basal seg- 
ment of the abdomen is as long as the next three combined. Of the 
two species known, one occurs in Indiana. 

1100 ( ). Pteryngium malacum Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900, 102. 

Oblong, parallel, depressed. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Antennae as 
long as head and thorax, rather slender. Thorax one-third wider than 
long, finely and closely punctured; sides distinctly curved, hind angles 
rounded. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax and about three times as 
long, finely and sparsely punctured; pubescence scarcely evident. Length 
1.7 mm. 

. Vigo County ; rare. February 10. One specimen taken from 
beneath a log in upland sandy woods. 



578 



FAMILY XXII. CRYPTOPHAGlDiE. 



Subfamily ATOMARIINAE. 

The members of this subfamily are most readily distinguished 
by the position of the antenna*, these organs being inserted upon 
the front and haying their bases close together. The body is 
smaller, as a rule, than in the Crytophagime. The following genera 
are known to be represented or probably occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ATOMARIINAE. 

a. Prosternal spine free, the tip passing over the edge of the flat or feebly 
concave surface of the mesosternuin ; antennae free, the grooves be- 
fore the eyes wholly obsolete, clnb loosely three-jointed; scutellum of 
moderate size. 

&. Spine of prosternum prolonged and acute at tip; side margin of tho- 
rax double : hind tarsi of male 4-joiiited ; form elongate, pubescent. 

XI. CLenoscelis. 

bb. Spine of prosternum shorter and truncate at tip; thorax with a sin- 
gle lateral edge ; hind tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes ; form variable, 
c. Elytra not margined at base ; body always distinctly pubescent. 
d. Body elongate and parallel ; thorax angulate and foveate close 
to the edge far behind the middle ; antennas very close at base, 
the basal joint obconical. Agathenois. 
dd. Body oval, more convex ; thorax rounded or angulate at or be- 
fore the middle; antenna; less close at base, the basal joint 
shorter and oblong. XII. Atomaria. 

cc. Elytra with a beaded margin at base; body minute and nearly 
glabrous. XIII. Tisactia. 

a a. Prosternal spine broader and flatter, the tip broadly curved and re- 
ceived closely within a depression at the apex of mesosternum ; scu- 
tellum cordate, very minute; body broadly oval, convex and almost 
glabrous. XIV. Ephistemus. 

XI. C^enoscelis Thorn. 1870. (Gt\. "common + tibia.") 

Rather elongate, strongly punctured and pubescent beetles, pos- 
sessing the characters mentioned in key and having the thorax 
broadly impressed at base ; antenna? stout, with the basal joint un- 
usually large and obconic. Three species have been taken in Indi- 
ana, while one other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CENOSCELIS. 

a. Color pale reddish-brown. 

b. Thorax one-third wider than long, strongly curved at sides, basal im- 
pression median and feeble; body narrow and rather elongate. 

1101. FERRUGINEA. 

bb. Thorax two-thirds wider than long; body stouter and more oval in 
form. TESTACEA. 

aa. Color piceous-brown to black; thorax broadly impressed at base. 



THE SILKEN FUNGUS BEETLES. 



579 



r. Antennae distinctly longer than head and thorax, with joints four, 
six and eight longer than wide. 1102. elongata. 

cc. Antennae scarcely longer than head and thorax, the fourth, sixth and 
eighth joints not longer than wide. 1103. subfuscata. 

1101 (3380). C^enoscelts ferruginea Sahib.. Ins. Fennica, I, 1817, 58. 
Elongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown, the pubescence distinct, fine*and 

sparse on elytra. Antennae stout, reaching base of thorax, the first joint 
of club much smaller than the other two. Thorax convex, finely and closely 
punctured, the apex narrower than base. Elytra oval, two-thirds longer 
than wide. Length 1.8 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. June 4-October 31. Taken beneath 
bark of oak logs in low moist woods. 

C. testacea Zimm., length 1.5-1.8 mm., is known from Kentucky. 

1102 ( ). CLenoscelis elongata Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900, 107. 

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown. Antennae stout, not quite half the 
length of body. Thorax more than one-half wider than long, strongly and 
rather densely punctured. Elytra distinctly wider than, and three times 
as long as thorax, finely, rather sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 
1.8-2 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; frequent. March 6-April 28. 
Taken by sifting. 

1103 ( ). CLenoscelis subfuscata Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900, .107. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Reddish-piceous or fuscous. Antenna; 
reaching base of thorax, the first joint equal in length to next two. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, finely and densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider 
and more coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 1.8 mm. 

Marion County; rare. April 28. 

Agathengis subnifens Casey, piceous, elytra paler, length 1.2- 
1.4 mm., was described from Michigan; while A. pumilio Casey, 
thorax more distinctly impressed at base, piceous, elytra brownish- 
yellow, length 1.3-1.5 mm., is known from Massachusetts to Iowa. 

XII. Atomaria Steph. 1830. (Gr., "an atom.") 

Very small, shining, oblong-oval, sparsely pubescent beetles, 
having the first two joints of antennal club about as long as wide ; 
thorax narrowed in front and concave at base. Five species have 
been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATOMARIA. 

a. Elytra unicolorous or only slightly darker towards the base. 

h. Second and third antennal joints elongate, subeqnal ; base of thorax 
straight or feebly curved. 



580 



FAMILY XXII. CRYPTOPITAGID2E. 



c. Thorax rather rounded than angulate at the sides at or before the ' 

middle. 1104. ochracea. 

cg. Thorax conspicuously though broadly angulate at the sides at or 
slightly before the middle, where it is distinctly wider than at 

base. 1105. GONODERA. 

1)1). Second antennal joint distinctly longer and thicker than third. 

d, Thorax dilated at or a little before the middle, narrowed toward 

base and still more strongly toward apex ; color dull yellow, ely- 
tra gradually blackish toward base. 1106. pusilla. 
dd. Thorax parallel at the sides from the base to or beyond the mid- 
dle, then strongly narrowed to apex ; color black or piceous. 

1107. OVALIS. 

aa. Elytra pale with a dark crossbar (often broken) just before the middle. 

1108. EPHIPPIATA. 

1104 (3388). Atomaria ochracea Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, II, 1869, 

258. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, moderately shin- 
ing ; antennas and legs paler. Antenna? slightly longer than head and tho- 
rax, the joints of club equal in size. Thorax three-fourths as wide as ely- 
tra, strongly narrowed at apex, deeply and closely punctate, the sides 
rounded. Elytra widest before the middle, acutely rounded at tip, finely 
and sparsely but distinctly punctured. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Throughout the State; common in spring beneath mullein, in 
decaying leaves, etc. April 18-November 8. 

H05 ( ). Atomaria gonodera Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900, 

122. 

Rather broadly oval, moderately convex. Reddish or chestnut-brown, 
polished. Thorax small, at its widest part not equalling the base of elytra, 
nearly two-thirds wider than long, angulate at middle, the sides thence to 
base distinctly converging, disk finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra, 
near the middle, about one-third wider than thorax, finely but sparsely 
punctate. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties ; scarce. March 26-April 16. 

1105 ( ). atomaria pusilla Payk., Faun. Suec, I, 1798, 295. 

Elongate-oblong, parallel. Dull reddish-yellow, shining; basal third of 

elytra blackish. Antenme slender, nearly half the length of body. Thorax 
short, convex, about as wide as elytra, disk finely and densely punctate 
and with a distinct basal impression. Elytra three times as long as tho- 
rax, obtusely rounded at tips, very finely and closely punctate. Length 
.8-1 mm. 

Steuben, Kosciusko, Marion, Hancock and Putnam counties; 
scarce. May 25-November 8. Sifted from borders of sphagnum 
marsh and other damp vegetable debris. A European species hith- 
erto recorded only from the Pacific slope in the United States. 



THE SILKEN Fi XOi'< BEKTLi;>. 



581 



1107 ( ). Atomabia ovalis Casey, Joum. X. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900, 

124. 

Oval, rapidly attenuate at each end. strongly convex. Black or piceous, 
shining; legs and antennae dull brownish-yellow. Antennae stout, one-half 
length of body in male. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly 
converging on apical half, apex two-thirds as wide as base: disk rather 
coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra widest a little in front of middle 
where, together, they are one-third wider than thorax, thence narrowing to 
a rounded apex: surface rather sparsely and finely nut distinctly punctured. 
Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Steuben. Kosciusko and Marion comities; frequent. April 11- 
July 11. Taken by sifting and on the wing in early spring. 

1108 (3389). Atomabia ephippiata Zimm.. Trans. Aimer. Ent. Soc. II. 

1869. 258. 

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Head and thorax 
piceous; antennae, legs and elytra reddish-yellow, the 
latter with a piceous crossbar before the middle, this 
sometimes reaching from side to side, sometimes 
broken into spots. Thorax strongly convex, sides 
rounded, minutely and sparsely punctured. Elytra 
distinctly wider, and two and a half times as long 
as thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Length 
1.5 mm. (Fig. 217.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 17- 

Fig. 21 t. x 20. 

Julie 22. (Original.; 

XIII. Tisactia Casey. 1900. 

Small, oval, convex species, having the thorax even and unim- 
pressed at base; antenna? more widely separated than in Atomaria, 
the club parallel and loosely 3- jointed ; prosternal spine broad, 
sharply margined each side. 

1109 ( ). Tisactia svbglabra Casey. Joum. X. Y. Ent. Soc. VIII. 

1900. 126. 

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Blackish-piceous. glabrous, shining ; ely- 
tra (in specimen at hand) indistinctly reddish near humeri and on apical 
third ; legs and antenna? paler. Thorax one-half wider than long, very con- 
vex, wider at base than apex, sides feebly curved, strongly margined : disk, 
as well as that of elytra, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra wid- 
est before the middle, as wide at base as thorax. Length 1-1.2 mm. 

Steuben County: rare. June 16. Sifted from sphagnum moss. 

Described from Indiana. 

XIV. Ephistemus Steph. 1829. (Gr.. '"'upon -to place.") 

Very small species, having the body evenly oval and rather 
pointed behind; sides of thorax and elytra continuous, their mar- 
gins not interrupted at the contiguous bases. 




582 



FAMILY XXIII. M V CETOPH A GIDJE . 



1110 (3390). Ephistemus apicalis Lee, N. Sp. N. A. Col., I : 1S63, 72. 

Oval, convex. Black or piceous-blaek, shining, without punctures ; ely- 
tra gradually feebly paler on apical half ; legs and antennae paler. Thorax 
transverse, the sides evenly curved. Elytra one-third wider than thorax 
and about three times as long, the tips narrowly rounded. Length 1 mm. 

Lake, Parke and Marion counties; scarce. April 23-Jnly 1. 



Family XXIII. MYCETOPHAGID.E. 

The Hairy Fungus Beetles. 

To this family belong a limited number of small, oval, slightly 
convex beetles, which live on fungi and beneath bark. They have 
the upper surface hairy and densely punctured and the elytra are 
brown or blackish, usually prettily marked with yellow spots or 
bands, or yellow with black spots. The name, Myceiophagidce, is 
from two Greek words meaning "fungus" and ''to eat," and is in- 
dicative of the habits of the insects. 

The principal distinguishing characters of the 
Myeetophagids are the 11-jointed antenna?, inserted 
immediately in front of the eyes, the outer joints 
gradually or suddenly enlarged ; eyes rather large, 
with coarse facets : thorax as wide as elytra at base ; 
elytra covering the abdomen and rounded at tip ; 
front eoxa^ oval, rounded, narrowly separated, the 
cavities either widely open or closed ; middle coxa? 

rounded, narrowly separated ; hind coxa? trans- 
Fig. 218. Litargus bi- '' 1 ' 

fascia tus. a European verse ; abdomen with five free and equal ventral 

species. (After Sharp.) 

segments ; legs slender, tibia? nearly linear, with 
small terminal spurs ; tarsi filiform, 4-jointed, the front ones of the 
males 3- jointed, more or less dilated and pubescent beneath. (Fig. 
218.) 

As already noted under the family Cryptophagida?, the genus 
Diploccelus has been transferred from this family to that; while 
the species listed by Henshaw r under the genus Triphyllus have been 
shown by Casey to belong to the family Melandryida?, and the one 
under Berg in ns to the Ptinida?. This leaves but five genera, and, 
according to Casey's list, about 25 species of Mycetophagida? from 
North America. Only about 100 species are known from the entire 
world . 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
is as follows : 




THE HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES. 



583 



LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Mycetophagidae of the United 
States," in Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, VIII, 1856, 12-15. 

fforn. — "Tables of the Species of Mycetophagus and Litargus,'' 
in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XVII. 1878, 603-608. 

Casey. — "Review of the American Tritomidae (Mycetophagi- 
da})," in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII. 1000, 128-138. 

Of the five North American genera, four are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYCETOPHAGID.^E. 

a. Basal angles of thorax well defined : length 1.5 or more mm. 

h. Eyes transverse, sinuate in front ; antenna? gradually enlarged, usual- 
ly without distinct club ; epipleura horizontal and flat. 

I. Mycetophagus. 

hh. Eyes more rounded, not sinuate; antenna- with joints 9-11 suddenly 
larger. 

c. Clypeal suture not deeply impressed ; body much smaller and more 
oval : epipleura concave, rapidly descending. II. Litargus. 

cc. Clypeal suture deep ; epipleura horizontal and flat. 

III. Typh.ea. 

an. Hind angles broadly rounded: length less than 1 mm. 

IV. Thrimolls. 

I. MvcETOPHACriis Hellw. 1792. (Or., "mushroom + eating. ") 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex insects, clothed rather sparsely 
with short, stiff, reclined hairs. Six species have been taken in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MYCETOPHAGUS. 

a. Antemne gradually larger toward tips; body broadly oblong-oval; sub- 
basal foveas of thorax deep and distinct. 
h. Thorax widest at base. 

c. Last joint of antennae elongate, distinctly longer than the two pre- 
ceding combined: size larger, 4.5 or more mm. 

1111. PUNCTATUS. 

cc. Last joint of antenna? shorter, never longer than the two preceding 
combined; size smaller, not over 1 mm. 
d. Prosternum nearly smooth at middle. 1112. flexuosus. 

(7(7. Prosternum densely and coarsely punctured ; antenna? with a 
feeble, parallel 4-jointed club. 1113. bipustulatus. 

hh. Thorax narrower at base than at middle; antennal club 5-jointed. 
e. Margin of thorax entire, the disk coarsely and deeply punctured. 

1114. melsheimeri. 

cc. Margin of* thorax serrulate: elytra with numerous small yellow 

Spots. 1115. PLURIPUNCTATUS. 

aa. Antenna? with last three joints rather suddenly larger; thorax without 
sub-basal fovea? ; elytra piceons spotted with yellow. 

111G. OBSOLETUS. 



584 



FAMILY XXIII. M Y C ET OPH AGIO JE . 



1111 (3301). Mycetophagus punctatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Scl, ' 

V, 1820, 260 ; ibid. II, 321. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Head and thorax black- 
ish ; elytra reddish-yellow with black spots ; one large, 
common, surrounding the scutellum ; another smaller on 
each] at middle, usually confluent with the lateral mar- 
gin and extending narrowly along it, and a third form- 
ing a common subapical erossband; antenna reddish, the 
apical half more or less fuscous. Thorax coarsely and 
evenly punctured. Length 4.5-5,5 mm. (Fig. 219.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the 
(Original.) northern counties. April 6-September 29. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Occurs beneath loose bark and in fungi, especi- 
ally in low moist woodlands. 

1112 (3393). Mycetophagus flexuosus Say, loc. cit. 

Resembles punctatus but much smaller. Elytral markings very vari- 
able, usually nearly as in punctatus, but the middle and subapical black 
spots are larger, with their edges very uneven, and there is usually a small 
round spot on humerus. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 11-Qctober 6. Occurs 
in fungi and in spring sometimes at sap. 

Casey's sub depress us is only a color variety of 'flexuosus in 
which the black spots have become enlarged so as to cover the 
greater part of the elytra, leaving only a narrow oblique reddish 
line composed of two or three spots on basal third, another similar 
line behind the middle and a spot near the apex. It occurs com- 
monly with typical flexuosus, and individuals showing the gradual 
merging of one color variety into the other are frequent, several of 
them being in the collection at hand. 

1113 (3394). Mycetophagus bipustulatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., II, 1844, 114. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown ; elytra each with 
an irregular subhumeral yellowish spot which sometimes extends nearly to 
suture, and also a transverse oblong one on apical third ; antenna? and palpi 
dull brownish-yellow. Thorax three-fourths wider than long ; sides slightly 
curved, surface coarsely, densely and unequally punctured. Elytral striae 
feebly impressed, finely punctate ; intervals densely punctulate, each with a 
single row of suberect yellowish hairs. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. April 16. Four specimens collected 
by H. Morrison from the wdndow of a cellar in which wood had 
been stored. 

1114 (3390). Mycetophagus melsheimeri Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VIII, 1850, 13. 

Elongate, parallel. Piceous brown; legs and basal half of antennae 
dull yellow; elytra each with a large oblique spot reaching from humerus 




THE HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES. 



585 



nearly to suture; another broader, behind the middle, and usually a smaller 
one on each side, dull yellow ; these sometimes confluent so as to make the 
larger portion of the surface yellow. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
sides strongly curved, disk sparsely, coarsely and equally punctured. Ely- 
tral stria? with deep, coarse punctures. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 9. Readily known by its elongate 
form, parallel sides and evenly punctured thorax. 

1115 (3397). Mycetophagus pluripunctates Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

ScL, VIII, 1856, 13. 
Elongate, narrow, parallel. Piceous-black ; elytra with numerous small 
reddish-yellow spots, often more or less confluent into oblique bands and 
sometimes covering the greater part of the surface ; under surface, legs and 
basal half of antenna? pale, the last five joints of the latter dusky and 
slightly larger. Thorax distinctly narrowed at base, the margin finely ser- 
rate. Elytral stria? finely punctured, indistinctly so at tip. Length 3.5- 
4 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. October 21. Occurs in fungi, especially 
that growing on hickory logs and stumps. 

1116 (3400). Mycetophagus obsoletus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 113. 

Oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black; legs and antenna? paler; 
elytra each with two irregular oblique reddish-yellow stripes, one extending 
from humerus nearly to suture, the other behind the middle ; an oval sub- 
marginal spot between the two and another at apex. Thorax less than 
twice as wide as long, widest at base, hind angles obtuse, disk coarsely and 
evenly punctate. Elytra with impressed, entire rows, of coarse deep punc- 
tures. Length 4.5 mm. 

Kcsciusko. Vigo. Dubois and Pesey counties; rare. April 13- 

Oetober 21. Taken from fungi on hickory stumps and by sifting 

debris. 

IT; Lita-rgus Erichs. 1832, (Gr.. "swift of foot.") 

The species belonging here are much smaller and more narrowly 
oval than in Mycetophagus. The antennae end in a 3- jointed club 
and the epipleura? are concave. Four species have been taken in 
the State, while a fifth probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES 0E LITAEGLS. 

a. Thorax without basal impressions. 

I. Elytra with the pubescence short and stiff, arranged in distinct rows ; 
last antennal joint short, rounded. HIT. tetraspilotus. 

Elytra with pubescence irregularly arranged. 

c. Last antennal joint short, not as wide as preceding, broadly 
rounded at tip ; thorax convex, coarsely punctured. 

HIS. DIDESMUS. 



586 



FAMILY XXIII. MYCETOPHAGIDiE. 



cc. Last antennal joint longer and broader than the preceding, oblique- 
ly truncate at tip. nebulosus. 
aa. Thorax with distinct basal impressions. 

d. Last joint of antennae nearly as long as the two preceding together, 
its tip truncate ; form depressed. 1119. balteatus. 

(hi. Last antenna! joint short, narrowly rounded at tip; thorax depressed 
and finely punctured. 1120. sexpunctatus. 

1117 (3406). Litargus teteaspilotus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VII L 1856, 14. 

Oval, subconvex. Piceous-black. shining ; elytra each with two reddish- 
yellow spots, one slightly in front of middle, the other one-third from apex. 
Thorax less coarsely punctured than elytra, the basal margin sinuate each 
side of middle. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 16- July 9. 

1118 (3407). Litargus didesmus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 

261 ; ibid. II, 322. 

Narrowly oblong-oval, rather convex. Piceous, shining; elytra with a 
narrow crossband behind the middle and each with an oblique humeral 
spot, yellow. Thorax rather coarsely punctate, the base squarely truncate. 
Elytra coarsely punctate, the punctures not in rows. Length 2 -2.2 mm. 

Frequent in southern half of State; much less so in northern 
counties. April 10-June 15. Taken in spring by sifting; later 
beneath bark. 

L. nebulosus Lee, dull yellow with a piceous dentate band be- 
hind the middle and another near apex, length 1.5-2 mm., ranges 
from New York to Mexico, and doubtless occurs in the State. 

1119 (3405). Litargus balteatus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 

1856. 14. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Piceous, feebly shining; thorax with 
patches of yellowish pubescence; elytra each with an irregular basal spot, 
widest along the suture, and a narrow oblique crossbar behind the middle, 
dull yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long; narrower at apex than 
base, sides rounded; disk densely and finely punctured and with a feeble 
basal impression each side. Elytra as wide as thorax and less distinctly 
punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 22. Taken by sifting. 

1120 (3404). Litargus sexpunctatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Y, 

1S26, 261 ; ibid. II. 322. 
Elongate-oval, depressed, riceous, moderately shining; elytra each with 
three yellow spots, one sub-basal and two close to suture; one of these be- 
fore the middle, the other one-third from apex. Thorax finely but not 
densely punctate. Elytra closely punctate, the pubescence fine and dark, 
and with widely separated rows of longer, semi-erect hairs. Length 2.3- 
2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 11-December 7. Occurs 



THE HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES. 



587 



beneath bark of beech in late autumn and winter; sometimes on 
foliage in spring. Hibernates. 

III. Typihea Steph. 1830. (Gr., "smoky or fuscous.") 

To this genus belongs a single small brownish beetle which has 
been distributed by commerce to all parts of the world. 

1121 (3409). Typhlea fumata Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 054. 

Narrowly oblong-oval, slightly convex. Dull reddish- 

yellow, elytra rarely piceous. Antennae distinctly shorter 

than head and thorax, the club 3-jointed. Thorax about 

twice as wide as long, the apex but slightly narrower than 

base, finely and rather closely punctured. Elytra with, rows 

of fine punctures which become obsolete toward the tip; 

pubescence short, moderately dense. Length 2.3-2.7 mm. 

(Fig. 220.) Fig. 220. 

n t -i -i a (After Forbes.) 

Throughout the State, but scarce. January 11-Au- 
gust 7. Beaten from vegetation; said to often occur in houses and 
where flour and grain are stored. 

IV. Thrimolus Casey. 1900. 

Here belongs a single minute species having the head large, 
transverse ; eyes basal ; antennal club cylindrical, stout, 3-jointed ; 
thorax broadly curved and finely beaded at base; scutellum well 
developed; front coxa? large, obliquely suboval, rather wudely sepa- 
rated by the presternum. 

1122 ( ). Thkimolus minutus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900, 137. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark brownish- or clay- yellow ; legs 
and antennae paler. Head and thorax without punctures, the latter more 
than twice as wide as long, the disk without basal impressions. Elytra 
one-third longer than wide, much wider than thorax ; finely, sparsely and 
somewhat roughly punctate. Length .7-9 mm. 

Marion County; rare. October 31. Two specimens sifted from 
w^oody fungi on side of maple log. Described from Texas; known 
also from near Cincinnati. 

Family XXIV. DERMESTIDJE. 

The Skin Beetles. 

Among the small beetles which prey upon dead or decaying ani- 
mal matter those belonging to the family Dermestida? are the most 
important; many of the species being exceedingly destructive to 
skins, furs and other dried animal substances. In form they are 
usually oval and plump, and in color dark, often having the surface 




588 



FAMILY XXIV. DERMESTIDA. 



partly covered with pale gray or brown spots composed of minute 
scales or hairs which are easily rubbed off. When disturbed they 
usually "play possum," folding back their legs and rolling over on 
their backs, where they remain quiescent for some time. The name 
of the typical genus, Dermestes, is derived from two Greek words 
meaning "a skin" and "to devour," whence the common name of 
skin-eaters or skin beetles. 

The principal distinguishing characters of the family are the 
small deflexed head; eyes rounded, with small facets, the front 
usually with a third simple eye or ocellus; antenna? short, inserted 
in front of eyes, usually 11-. sometimes 9- or 10- jointed, the last 
two or three joints forming a large club ; thorax short, in the ma- 
jority of species excavated beneath for the reception of the an- 
tenna?; elytra covering the abdomen, not striate; abdomen with five 
free ventral segments; front coxa? rather long, conical or oblique, 
the cavities open behind except in Byturus; middle coxa? oval, 
oblique; hind coxa? slightly separated, usually dilated into a plate 
partly protecting the femora and formed to receive the latter in 
repose ; legs short, tibia? with distinct spurs ; tarsi 5-jointed, claws 
usually simple. 

The larvae of the majority of Dermestids are brown, active grubs 
clothed with long hairs and usually with a brush of similar hairs at 
the end of the body. Many of them have a peculiar gait, running 
for a short distance, then stopping and vibrating the hairs with 
great rapidity. They are much more destructive than the adult 
beetles, but at times appear to be able to live for long periods with 
little or no food. 

Between 300 and 400 species of Dermestida? are known, about 85 
of which, with numerous varieties^ are from North America. The 
principal literature treating of these is as follows: 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Dermestida 1 of the United States, " 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 1854, 106-113. 

Jayne. — " Revision of the Dermestida? of. the United States," in 
Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XX, 1882, 343-377. 

Casey. — " Review of the American Dermestida?," in Journ. N. 
Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1900, 138-165. 

The members of the family which have a range including Indi- 
ana are distributed among eight genera. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DERMESTIDyE. 

a. Tarsi with second and third joints lobed beneath ; front coxa! cavities 
closed behind; claws armed with a large basal tooth. (Fig. 221.) 

I. Byturus, 



THE SKIN BEETLES. 



f)S!) 



aa. Tarsi simple; front coxal cavities open behind; tarsal claws simple. 

b. Head without a simple eye or ocellus on the front; length IS or 

II. Dermestes. 

more mm. 

hi). Head with a distinct ocellus; length not over 5 mm., usually less. 
c. Body either pubescent or covered with small scales; prosternum 
visible between the front coxae. 
d. Antennal grooves wanting; basal joint of hind tarsi much shorter 
than second; middle- cox;e narrowly separated. 

e. Antenna; ll-jointed; hind coxal plates narrow; mesosternum 

deeply emarginate in front. HI. Attagenus. 

ee. Antennae 9-jointed ; hind coxal plates short and wide; meso- 
sternum sulcate its full length. IV. Dearthrus. 
dd. Antennal grooves or pits distinct ; basal joint of hind tarsi but 
little shorter than the next two combined ; middle coxa- widely 
separated. 

f. Body pubescent. 

g. Antenna; stout, subserrate, the club 6- to 8-jointed in male. 
4- jointed in female ; mandibles and labrum not covered by 
prosternum in repose. Y- Trogoderma. 

gg. Antenna* with a large -compact 2-jointed club, received in a 
deep pit beneath side margin of thorax ; mandibles cov- 
ered, labrum not covered by prosternum. 

VI. Cryptorhopalum. 
ff. Body covered with small scales; antennal club received within 
a deep pit at the apical thoracic angles. VII. Anthrenus. 
cc. Body glabrous; the mouth in repose covered by front legs; pro- 
sternum not visible between the front coxa;. VIII. Orphilus. 

I. Byttjrus Latr. 1796. 
— 7^-<^^x\ Head very large, front as wide as long with- 

^^-^^^XX out ocellus ; eyes prominent, coarsely granulated ; 

P antennae ll-jointed, club 3- jointed, not received 
Fig. 22i. Tarsus of Byturw ■ - t grooves: scutellum large, quadrate. 

showing lobes of tarsal joints 111 pw^vi. 5^«v , o j. 

and basal tooth of claw. (After g p ec i es QCCUrS ill the State. 

1123 (3416). Byturus unicolor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., Ill, 1S23. 197; ibid. II, 126. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Uniform reddish-yellow or pale brown, 
rarely piceous. thickly clothed with flue, paler silky pubescence. 
Thorax one-third wider than long, coarsely and densely punc- 
tate ; sides regularly curved, margins broadly depressed, base 
slightly broader than apex. Elytra three times as long as wide, ^ 
rather coarsely and densely punctured. Length 3.7-4.5 mm. Fig 2 22. 

(Fig. 222.) (After Forbes.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 16-July 6. Occurs on 
the flowers of blackberry and raspberry, on which it feeds. The 
fruit is also often infested with the larva, a small white worm known 
as the "raspberry fruit worm," which clings to the inside of the 
berry. 




±6 



590 



F A M I LY XXI V. DER MESTID.E . 



II. Dermestes Linn. 1767. (Gr., " skin + devour.") 

Oblong or elongate black or piceous species having the front 
coxa? contiguous; head capable of retraction within the thorax; an 
tennag 11- jointed with a 3- join ted club; body clothed with short 
hairs. On the carcasses of dead animals, after the soft parts have 
been devoured by other scavengers and only the bones and skin re- 
main, they can usually be found in numbers; while one or two are 
common household pests, found about refuse lard, bacon, feathers 
and cheese. Five species have been taken in Indiana, while another 
doubtless occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DERMESTES. 

a. Abdomen thickly covered with long whitish pubescence and with a row 
of black spots on each side ; front portions of side margins of thorax 
not visible from above. 
6. Pubescence of thorax densely covering the entire surface, variegated 
with small spots of black, gray and reddish-brown. 
c. Thorax with three small, widely separated spots of pale pubes- 
cence, arranged transversely at about the middle of its lengfh ; 
form more robust ; pubescence of scutellum not conspicuously 
pale. 1124. canintjs. 

cc. Thorax without the three pale pubescent spots ; form more slender 
and parallel ; pubescence of scutellum dull yellow. 

1125. TALPIXUS. 

1)1). Pubescence of thorax gray and limited to the margins, the disk with 
a large triangular, nearly smooth spot, black. 1126. vulpixus. 
aa. Abdomen without whitish pubescence or rows of black spots; side mar- 
gins of thorax entirely visible from above. 
(1. Thorax and basal fifth of elytra covered with uniform reddish-brown 
pubescence ; abdomen reddish-brown. 1127. puecher. 

del. Thorax without trace of reddish pubescence; abdomen black. 

c. Basal two-fifths of each elytron grayish-yellow, enclosing three 
black spots. 1128. lardarius. 

ee. Elytra black, sparsely and uniformly clothed with paler pubescence, 
and with feeble but visible stria?; body subeylindrical. 

ELONGATUS. 

*1124 (3420). Dermestes caninus Germ.. Ins. Spec. Nov.. 1S24, 84. 

Elongate-oblong. Thorax with dense, variegated pubescence; elytra 
black, mottled, especially on basal half, with fine black and coarse gray 
pubescence, the latter often covering the greater part of the surface ; middle 
and hind femora with rings of white pubescence. Male with a median pit 
on the third and fourth ventral segments, from which arises a bunch of 
erect brown hairs. Length 7-S.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 6-Oetober 20. Hi- 
bernates. Gregarious in winter beneath mullein leaves, bark and 
logs. 



THE SKIN BEETLES. 



:,!)! 



1125 (3421). Dermestes talpinus Mann.. Bull. Mosc, II. 1843, 257. 

Elongate, subcylmdrical. Thorax densely clothed with variegated hairs ; 
elytra black, clothed with dark bluish-gray, clay-yellow and black hairs; 
antenna 1 fuscous ; femora with white rings at middle. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; scarce. May 9. Known heretofore from 
Idaho and Nevada, westward. Verified by II. C. Fall. 

*1126 (342S). Dermestes velpixus Fab., Spec. Ins.. I. 1781, G4. 

Elongate, subconvex. Elytra piceous. uniformly and rather sparsely 
clothed with a mixture of black and grayish-yellow hairs ; last ventral seg- 
ment brown with two white spots at base. Fourth ventral segment of male 
with a median pit bearing a bunch of brown hairs. Length 6-9 mm. 

Lake. Vigo. Putnam and Monroe counties; frequent. January 
13-Deeember 12. Hibernates. 

1127 (3424). Dermestes pelcher Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. ScL, VII. 
1854, 108. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and basal fifth of elytra uni- 
form pale reddish-brown ; remainder of elytra black. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. Hibernates. March 20-December 11. 
Taken from beneath bark of ash logs. 

*112S (3425). Dermestes lardaries Linn.. Faun. Suec. 140. 

Elongate, moderately convex. Black or piceous ; 
elytra with base marked as shown in Fig. 223 ; under 
surface and legs black with fine, sparse yellowish 
pubescence. Thorax black with a few small isolated 
tufts of yellowish pubescence, finely and densely punc- 
tate. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 223.) 

Throughout the State ; frecpuent. February 
7— July 21. This species, known as the "ham 
beetle." the "larder beetle/' etc.. has been 
widely distributed by commerce and is often a 
household pest, especially where bacon and hams 
are stored. It is said that they can be attracted 
by baits of old cheese and then gathered and de- 
stroyed. Where a smoke-house or storeroom is 
overrun with the beetle, its contents should be cleared out and the 
room either sprayed with benzine or subjected to strong fumes 
of bisulphide of carbon. "Where a ham or other object is already 
infested, the affected portion should be cut away and the surface 
of the remainder washed with a very weak solution of carbolic 
acid. If thereafter the windows arc screened with fine wire gauze 
and the doors kept tightly closed, the contents will probably be 

[38— 23402] 




Fig. 223. (After Howard. 
Bull, i X. Ser. Div. Ent, U. 
S. Dep. Agr.) 



592 



F ATVTTLY XXIV. DERMESTIDJE . 




safe. It is said that an entire generation of the beetle may be 
developed in six weeks, so under proper conditions of warmth and 
food supply the increase of the insect will be very rapid. 

D. elongatus Lee, length 9 mm., is a southern and western spe- 
cies which has been recorded from near Cincinnati. 

- 

III. Attagenus Latr. 1802. (Gr., "a woodcock.") 

Small oblong species clothed with rather sparse, dark pubes- 
cence, having the antenna? 11 -jointed ; hind coxal plate long, narrow 
and prominent ; mesosternum narrow and emarginate. 

1129 (3434). Attagenus piceus Oliv., Ent. Hist. Nat.. II, 1TS9. 9. 

Oblong, subconvex. Head and thorax black; ely- 
tra dark reddish-brown to piceous or black, clothed 
with short, sparse pubescence. Thorax coarsely punc- 
tate, base bi sinuate with a slight impression before the 
scutellum. Elytra more finely and densely punctate. 
Last joint of male antennal club as long as the entire 
remainder of antennae, pointed at the end. Length 3.5- 
5 mm. (Fig. 224.) 

Throughout the State; frequent in the south- 
ern counties, less no northward. March 16-Au- 
B U n g '4 2 KSer A Dh'. Int^u.' gust 26. A common museum and household pest 
s. Dep. Agr.j often found on windows while trying to escape. 

It is known as the "black carpet beetle," and the larva? often do 
much damage to carpets, silk and woolen goods, feathers, etc. The 
same remedies may be used as are given for the Buffalo carpet 
beetle on a succeeding page. Taken also on flowers of wild parsnip 
in July. 

IV. Dearthus Lec. 1861. 
One small oblong black species represents this genus in the State. 

1130 (3438). Deartheus longulus Lec, New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I. 

1863, 73. 

Narrowly oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black or piceous, clothed 
with short dark pubescence; under surface and legs dark reddish-brown 
to piceous, clothed with sparse gray hairs. Thorax nearly twice as wide 
as long, distinctly narrowed from base to apex, sides evenly and feebly 
curved, base broadly and feebly lobed and bisinuate; disk rather coarsely 
but not densely punctate and with a short, fine median line. Elytra coarsely 
but not closely punctate. Last joint of male antenna? almost three times 
as long as the two preceding united, obtuse at end. Length 2.5 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. May 3-May 8. Beaten 
from flowers of the red haw, Craiwgus punctata J acq. 



THE SKIN BEETLES. 



593 



V. Trogoderma Lat. 1829. (Gr., "to gnaw + skin.") 

Small, oblong-oval species, having the antennal club 4- to 7- 
jointed and the antennal grooves occupying the entire space be- 
tween the prosternum and the lateral margin of thorax; elytra with 
narrow, oblique crossbars formed by variegated pubescence. Three 
species are known from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TROGODERMA. 

a. Eyes entire, the inner frontal margin not emarginate; antennae of male 
serrate, the third and fourth joints equal. (Fig. 225.) 
h. Thorax strongly and rather closely punctate, especially toward the 
sides; pubescence persistent. 1131. ornatum. 

bl>. Thorax very minutely and sparsely punctate throughout; pubescence 
easily denuded. tarsale. 
aa. Eyes feebly notched or emarginate at about the middle of their inner 
frontal edge; male antennae compact, not serrate. (Fig. 226.) 
c. Elytra black with reddish bands. 1132. inclusum. 

cc. Elytra brown or piceous with dull faint yellow bands. 

1133. obsolescens. 

1131 (3442). Trogoderma ornatum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 1S6 ; ibid. II, 290. 

Oblong-oval. Black, rather shining, tho- 
rax variegated with reddish and gray 
hairs ; elytra with three irregular conflu- 
ent reddish bands bearing gray pubes- 

Mg.225. Head and antenna, of Trogoderma CenCe 5 beneath piceoUS brown. Apex Of 

ornatum. (After jayne.) elytra obtuse and as broad as base. Pro- 

sternum long and rather broad at tip, subcarinate. Club of male antennae 
formed of joints 6 to 11, which are strongly pectinate. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Vigo, Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March 23-October 
19. Found about houses and cellars; the larvre occurring, though 
rather rarely, as a museum pest in insect collections. 

0. tarsale Melsh., length 1.8-2.5 mm., has been recorded from 
near Cincinnati. 

1132 ( ). Trogoderma inclusum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, 

110. 

Oval, somewhat oblong. Black; thorax 
with lines of gray hairs ; elytra with four 
narrow, sinuous, more or less confluent red- 

dish bands bearing gray pubescence, the sub- <^\>^^ ^0C^> 
apical band enclosing a transverse rhombus 

r „, ' „ , . Fisj. 226. Head and antennae of Trogoderma 

on the suture. 1 horax of the female twice inc i U sum, showing notched eyes. (After 
as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate. Ja y ne -) 

Elytra more coarsely punctate ; scarcely narrowed from base to apex. Joints 
of male antennal club not pectinate. Length 2-3.5 mm, 





594 FAMILY XXIV. DERMESTID.E. 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 11 -July 30. Resembles ' 
the preceding but usually smaller. Readily distinguished by the 
emarginate eyes. 

1133 ( ). Teogodeema obsolescens Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1900. 154. 

Narrower and more elongate than inclusion. Head, thorax and under 
surface dull black or piceous: elytra brownish with a faint dull yellow 
band bearing gray pubescence near base and another near apex ; also a 
spot of similar pubescence on each at middle near suture and a second on 
side slightly behind the middle. Thorax twice as broad as long, its sur- 
face, as well as that of elytra, very finely and rugosely punctate. Length 
2-3 mm. 

Lawrence County; scarce. May 11. Beaten from flowers of 
red haAW Crataegus. 

VI. Cryptorhopalum Guer. 1838. (Gr., ' 'hidden + club. ") 

Small black or piceous, sparsely pubescent species having the 
antenna! club 2-jointed, the deep grooves beneath the margin of 
the thorax; prosternum covering all the mouth parts except the 
labrum, its process with broad tip widely dividing the mesosternum. 

1134 (3449). Cryptorhopalum h.emorrhoidale Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 

I, 1824. 170. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Head black ; thorax and elytra dark 
reddish-brown or piceous, the latter with apical third dull yellow and with 
two transverse bands of short, rather sparse yellow hairs. Head coarsely 
and densely, thorax more finely, punctate ; the latter with pale hairs on the 
sides and basal lobe. Beneath, black with long, sparse yellow pubescence. 
Joints of antennal club of male subequal, oval, together twice as long as 
the preceding joints united. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Tippecanoe, Marion. Owen. Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. 
May 3-June 23. Taken on flowers of the panieled cornel or dog- 
wood, Cornus candidissima Marsh. 

1135 (3452). Cbyptobhopalcm triste Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VII, 1854, 111. 

Rather narrowly oval, subconvex. Uniform black or piceous, clothed 
with sparse yellowish, semi-erect pubescence ; antenna? reddish-brown to 
piceous. Thorax finely and very densely punctured, the lobe at middle of 
base narrow, truncate; hind angles acute. Elytra more coarsely and less 
densely punctured. Antennal club of male of two unequal joints, the ter- 
minal one being only half as long as the preceding. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 27-September 19. Oc- 
curs in spring on the flowers of red haw. yellow puccoon and other 
plants, and on those of goldenrod in autumn. Whenever the plant 



THE SKIN BEETLES. 



595 



is touched or jarred they feign death and fall off. The proper 
name of this species is somewhat in doubt. C. triste was described 
from California and pickorne from "Pennsylvania to Georgia" by 
LeConte on the same page. Jayne says the two are synonyms. 
Casey says triste is a west coast species and that he has not seen 
picicome, but that it is probably a valid species. If the two are dis- 
tinct, our species should bear the latter name. 

VII. Anthrenus Geoff. 1864. (Gr., "a buzzing insect.") 

Short, compact species, readily known by having the thorax 
broad at base and narrow in front, its lateral margins bent under 
the body and divided by a deep groove or pit for the reception of the 
antennal club ; the mouth parts except labrum covered by the pro- 
jecting prosternum, and surface covered by small, variegated scales 
instead of the usual hairy pubescence. They are the worst of 
museum pests, being especially destructive to dried insects. Five 
or six species are known from the United States, four of which 
occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHRENUS. 

a, Antennae 11-jointed, the club 3-jointed. 

1). Eyes emarginate; scales of surface coarse, large, triangular, as wide 
as long; antennal club oval, 
c. White scales on elytra in two or three narrow, sinuous bands or 
spots; these usually connected with projections from a stripe 
of orange scales along the suture. 1136. scrophularue. 

cc. White scales of elytra confluent into a broad median or sub-basal 
band. 1137. thoracicus. 

blj. Eyes entire; scales fine, elongate, three times as long as wide; an- 
tenna! club oblong. 1138. verbasci. 
aa. Antennae 8-jointed, club 2-jointed; eyes entire; scales small, triangular. 

1139. CASTANE-E. 

1136 (3444). Anthrenus scrophularue Linn.. System Nat., II, 1766, 568. 

Ovate, rather convex. Elytra 
marked with a longitudinal sutural 
stripe and an apical spot of brick 
red or dull yellow scales, the stripe 
with three equidistant lateral projec- 
tions of the same color, the first two \ 
of which join narrow, sinuous white 
bands. Body beneath black, covered 
with white and orange scales. Length 
2.2-3.5 mm. (Fig. 227.) 

Lake, Cass. Wabash and Ma- J % ' : ^S9P^ N b 

rion counties; scarce. April 27- 

December 26. This is the carpet Fig. 227. (After miey.) 




596 



FAMILY XXIV. DERMESTIDJE. 



beetle, the larva of which is known as the Buffalo moth. It is 
a European species, which made its appearance in the eastern 
United States about 1874, and has since been widely distributed, 
becoming one of the worst of household pests. In the larval stage 
it feeds upon carpets and woolen goods, furs and feathers. The 
larva is a short fat grub about one-fifth of an inch in length, 
clothed with stiff brown hairs, with short tufts of similar hairs 
on the sides of each segment and a longer tuft at the extremity, 
forming a tail-like projection. (Fig. 227, b.) It occurs all the 
year round in well-heated houses, but more frequently in summer 
and fall, in the cracks of floors near the edges of rooms and beneath 
furniture. It feeds upon the woolen fibres of the carpet, often fol- 
lowing the line of a floor crack and cutting long slits. When full 
grown it contracts, sheds its skin and becomes a quiescent pupa. In 
this stage it remains for several weeks, or even months, the length 
of time depending upon the temperature and surroundings. The 
mature beetles begin to appear in October and are found about the 
house in winter, being most abundant in spring when they are mat- 
ing, and may be often taken at the windows while trying to escape. 

Where it his once become installed nothing but the most thor- 
ough and long- continued measures will eradicate this beetle. Dr. 
L. O. Howard, in writing of the known remedies says : "In Europe 
it is not especially noted as a household pest, and this is doubtless 
owing to the fact that carpets are little used. In this country car- 
pets once put down are seldom taken up for a year, and in the mean- 
time the insect develops uninterruptedly. Where polished floors 
and rugs are used, the rugs should be taken up and beaten, and in 
the same way woolens and furs should never be allowed to remain 
undisturbed for an entire year. It is a well-known fact that the 
carpet habit is a bad one from other points of view, and there is 
little doubt that if carpets were more generally discarded in our 
more northern States, the Buffalo bug would cease to be the house- 
hold pest that it is today." 

"Where convenience or conservatism demands an adherence to 
the old custom, however, we have simply to insist upon extreme thor- 
oughness and a slight variation in the customary methods. The 
rooms should be attended to one or two at a time. The carpets 
should be taken up, thoroughly beaten, and sprayed out of doors 
with benzine, and allowed to air for several hours. The rooms them- 
selves should be thoroughly swept and dusted, the floors washed 
down with hot water, the cracks carefully cleaned out and kerosene 
or benzine poured into the cracks and sprayed under the baseboards. 



THE. SKIN BEETLES. 



597 



The extreme inflammability of benzine, and even its vapor, when 
confined, should he remembered and fire carefully guarded against. 
Where the floors are poorly constructed and the cracks are wide it 
will be a good idea to fill the cracks with plaster of paris in a liquid 
state; this will afterwards set and lessen the number of harboring 
places for the insects. Before relaying the carpet tarred roofing 
paper should he laid upon the floor, at least around the edges, but 
preferably over the entire surface, and when the carpet is relaid it 
will be well to tack it down rather lightly, so that it can be occasion- 
ally lifted at the edges and examined for the presence of the in- 
sect. "* 

1137 (3441a). Anthkenus thoracicvs Mclsb., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 
II, 1844, 117. 

Resembles the preceding in form but smaller. The reddish sutural 
stripe is rarely present ; the first and second crossbars of white are wide, 
merging on the sides only, or throughout their entire extent, when they 
form a wide sub-basal or median crossband. Under surface covered with 
white scales. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Posey County; rare. Beaten from flowers of Cratcegus. This 
species is placed as a synonym of scrophuLarm by Jayne and Hen- 
shaw. but is very distinct. It was described from the ''middle and 
southern States" 30 years before the European species was known 
from the eastern United States. 

*113S (3445). Antheenus yekbasci Oliv.. Entom.. IV. 1795. 7. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Thorax black, the disk 
sparsely clothed with yellow scales, the sides more densely 
with white ones ; elytra black, with a large basal ring and 
two transverse zigzag bands of white scales, bordered by 
yellow ones. Under surface clothed with fine, long grayish- 
yellow scales. Length 2-3 mm. (Fig. 228.) 

Marion, Vigo and Knox counties, common; prob- ' Rg _ 228 x7 
ably throughout the State. February 12-June 16. (After ow.) 
Occurs especially on the flowers of the wheat-or corn-cockle. Lych- 
nis gitJiago Linn. It is also the most common and destructive of 
museum pests, being especially injurious to skins of birds, mammals 
and dried insects. If once infested, the only remedy is a teaspoon- 
ful or two of bisulphide of carbon poured into the boxes or drawers 
containing the specimens. They should then be closed as tightly as 
possible. Naphthaline flakes, kept in liberal quantities in or about 
the cabinet, will disguise the odor of the dried insects and repel the 
pests, but they serve only as a preventative and not as a remedy 

* "Principal Household Insects of the U. S." in Bull No. i, New Ser., U. S. Div. Entomology, 1896, 59-60. 




598 



FA MILY XXV. HISTERID JE . 



for boxes already infested. In heated buildings it begins to emerge 
from the pupal stage about February 15th: in open air probably 
not until spring. 

1139 (3446). Antheenus Castanet Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1844, 116. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Head and thorax black; the latter 
with the disk sparsely, the base and sides narrowly and densely, covered 
with small triangular yellow scales ; elytra chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed 
with similar scales arranged in three narrow zigzag crossbands, with a 
few scattered ones between. Under surface piceous-brown, the sternum 
densely, the abdomen sparsely, covered with yellowish scales. Length 2- 
2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 3-July 13. Occurs on 
the flowers of Hydrangea, C rata gas and Ceanothus. I have fol- 
lowed Casey in giving the name caslanecB to the species commonly 
listed as museeorum. He states that the latter is much larger and 
differs especially in the structure of the antennal joints. I have 
never seen castanece about houses or museum collections. 

VIII. Orpi-iilus Erichs. 1846. (Gr., "a sea fish.") 

Small, compact, oblong-oval black beetles having the surface 
nearly smooth; spine of prosternum short, reaching, but not passing 
between the front coxa?; front legs large, protecting the mouth 
parts; thorax as wide at base as the elytra, its base with a broad 
lobe at middle, the side margins beneath with a pit behind the an- 
tennal grooves for the reception of the front knees in repose. One 
species occurs in Indiana. 

1140 (3455). Oephilus atee Erichs., Nat. Ins., Ill, 1846, 463. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining, without pubescence. 
Antenna? reddish-brown. 11 -jointed, the club 3-jointed. Entire upper sur- 
face coarsely punctate. Elytra somewhat rugose, the punctures of the basal 
region coarser and densely crowded. Scutellum large, oval, with a few 
punctures. Length 2.3-2.8 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; not taken north of Fountain 
County. May 3- July 11. Occurs on the flowers of the Jersey tea. 
Ceanothus amerieanus, L., on those of the red haw, Craleegus, and 
other plants. Listed by Jayne and Henshaw- as 0. glabratus, a 
European species, but Erichson, LeConte and Casey claim it is 
distinct. 

Family XXV, ITISTERID.E. 

The TIister Beetles. 

A family of medium size, comprising small, usually black, shin- 
ing beetles having tin* elytra truncate behind, leaving two segments 



THE HI ST Eli BEETLES. 



of the abdomen uncovered. In form they are variable, either ob- 
long and flat or. more usually, round, oval, globose or cylindrical. 
All are very compact, have a very hard surface and the elytra are 
usually marked with a number of striae. According to species, these 
vary much in number, length and connection and are therefore 
much used in classification. The beetles live for the most part under 
the bark of logs, in decaying fungi, carrion, animal excrement or 
ants' nests. They were formerly thought to be scavengers, but it 
is now believed they are predaceous in all stages, and devour the 
larvae of Diptera and other forms which are feeding upon the de- 
caying matter. 

The name Ulster is usually supposed to have been derived from 
the Latin histrio, meaning a clown or mimic, and to have been ap- 
plied to these insects by Linnaeus on account of their habit of re- 
tracting the antennae and legs and feigning death when disturbed. 
However, LeConte states * that as a vast number of other insects 
feign death in the same manner, this derivation appears inappro- 
priate. He therefore suggests that as the Roman poet Juvenal, in 
one of his satires, mentions a filthy fellow of the name of Hister, 
Linnaeus, who was fond of alluding to the classic writers of Rome, 
on finding these beetles living in the most filthy condi- 
tions, in the midst of excrements and putrefaction, 
probably, and very properly, gave this name to them. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the mem- 
bers of the family have the antennae elbowed or ab- 
ruptly bent and retractile (Fig. 229), the first joint Fig. 229. 
long, the eighth and following joints forming a com- (After LeBaron - ) 
pact, rounded or rarely triangular club ; thorax closely applied to 
the elytra, usually with cavities beneath the side margins to receive 
the clubs of the antenna? ; prosternum frequently lobed in front and 
prolonged between the front coxae, the latter transverse or globose, 
the cavities open behind ; middle and hind coxae rounded or subquad- 
rate, widely expanded ; abdomen with five free ventral segments, the 
first very large, the fifth very short ; legs short, retractile ; tibiae com- 
pressed, front ones toothed and more or less fitted for digging ; tarsi 
slender, short, 5- jointed (except in Acritus and JEletes, where the 
hind ones are 4- jointed), the front ones usually received in grooves 
on the front face of the tibiae. 

The principal literature treating of the North American mem- 
bers of the family is as follows : 




*Proc Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XI, 1859, 310. 



600 



FAMTLY XXV. — 1IISTERIDJE. 



LeConte, John E. — "A Monograph of the North American His- 
teroides," in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 32-86, pis. 
T-YI. 

Horn,— "Synopsis of the Histeridae of the United States," in 

Proe. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873, 270-363. 
Casey. — "Descriptions of isolated Genera and Species of His- 

terida?," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 533-578. 
Nearly 2,000 species of the family are known, about 260 of which 
are from North America. Of these 68, distributed among 13 genera, 
have been taken in Indiana. The family is first divided into three 
tribes, and these in turn into genera. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF HISTERIDiE. 

a, Head stretched out forward or horizontal; mandibles very prominent; 
form very much depressed. Tribe I. Hololeptini, p. 600. 

aa, Head retracted, bent downward; mandibles not very prominent; form 
convex, usually rounded, oval or cylindrical. 
1). Presternum distinctly lobed in front (the lobe very short in Tribalus.) 

Tribe II. Histrtni, p. 601. 
hlj. Presternum not lobed in front. Tribe III. Saprini, p. 617. 

Tribe I. HOLOLEPTINI. 
This tribe contains in onr fauna the single genus : 

I. Hololepta Payk. 1 811. (Gr., 1 ' all i thin. ") 

Medium-sized, oblong or nearly square, very flat and thin beetles 
which live usually beneath the close bark of freshly felled poplar, 
tulip and elm trees. They have the labrum deeply and broadly 
grooved, its apex triangular and strongly bent downward ; front 
tibia? dentate on the inner edge ; an ten rial club without distinct 
cavity for its lodgment, being merely received in a slight depres- 
sion on the under side of thorax. Two species are known from the 
State. 

1141 (3460). Hololepta lucida Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 37, 
pi. I, fig. 2. 

Subquadrate, depressed. Thorax transverse, apex widely emarginate, 
base truncate, hind angles obtuse ; disk punctured at the sides, the margi- 
nal stria entire; apical angles of male with a deep pit. Elytra with first 
dorsal stria entire; the second very short, basal; third a mere puncture at 
base; subhumeral deep, abbreviated at both ends. Length S mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. March 10- April 21. Taken 
from beneath cottonwood bark in low damp woods. 



THE IIISTER BEETLES. 



601 




1142 (3461). Hololepta fossularis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 47 ; ibid. II, 271. 

Resembles closely the preceding, differing only in the 
striation of the elytra. The first stria is short, extending 
not over a fourth of the elytra, the second still shorter and 
the third merely a trace. Males with a deep pit near the, 
front angles of thorax, this lacking in females. Length 7- 
9.5 mm. (Fig. 230.) 

Southern half of State; frequent, April 6-June 
27. Appears to be much more common in spring. Fig 230 x3 
This and the preceding are very close and time will (0ngl ° aL) _ 
doubtless prove that they are the same, Say's name having priority. 

Tribe II. HISTRINI. 
To this tribe belong a number of genera, which live mainly in 
excrements or beneath bark. They vary much in form and have the 
mandibles capable of being applied to the front edge of the pro- 
sternum so as to conceal the mouth. Between the prosternal lobe 
and the.prosternum proper is a suture, so that the former appears 
to be a distinct piece. In a number of genera the lobe is very wide, 
extending to the under edge of the thorax and forming the floor of 
a cavity which holds the antenna? when the beetle is in repose. 
"When so extended, the widened portion is called the "pectoral 
plate." Six of the twelve known genera of the tribe are repre- 
sented in Indiana, while a seventh probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HISTRINI. 

a. Antennal cavities beneath the front angles of the thorax, open in front, 
but closed more or less completely beneath by the pectoral plate. 
J). Club of antenna? more or less oval, pubescent, and distinctly ringed 
or annulate ; thorax without a lobe on the side. 
c. Mandibles rather prominent, upper edge rounded; labrum trape- 
zoidal ; antennal club broadly oval ; elytra distinctly striate. 

II. HlSTER. 

cc. Mandibles retracted, upper edge acute; labrum short, very trans- 
verse. 

d. Form ovate; elytra scarcely striate; prosternum broad, the lobe 
short ; antennal club truncate. HI. Tribalus. 

del. Form more oblong ; elytra distinctly striate ; prosternum of mod- 
erate width, the lobe distinct ; antennal club rounded. 

IV. Epierus. 

bb. Club of antennas obconical, solid, glabrous; thorax with a distinct 
lobe on each side ; clypeus truncate. V. Hetjerius. 

aa. Antennal cavities beneath the middle of the mflexed sides of the thorax, 
in front of the outer portion of the coxa?, not closed beneath by a 
pectoral plate. 



'>"- FAMILY XXV. HTSTERIDiTO. 

e. Tibiae all dilated, the front ones with large terminal spurs. 

VI. Dendrophilis. 

ee. Middle and hind tibiae slender. 

f. Front tibiae dilated, with large terminal spur. VII. Paromalus. 
//• Front tibia? feebly dilated, with small spur. Anapleus. 

II. Hister Linn. 1765. (L., < £ a clown or mimic") 

A very large genus, comprising about 84 of the known North 
American species. Many of them are nominal only, being sepa- 
rated by characters which are variable or unstable, such as the 
length of the outer thoracic stria and the length and connection of 
certain of the elytra! striae. Since these striae are so much used in 
the separation of species in almost all of the genera, the following 
brief description of them is given : 

Near each side margin of the thorax there are usually two 
striae, known as the " outer and inner thoracic striae." The first of 
these is often very short or wholly wanting and in the same species 
is often variable in length. The stria? of each elytron are normally 
nine in number, but several of them are more or less abbreviated, 
so that the number apparent is much less. Six of these, when 
present, are found on the disk, and, beginning near the margin, 
are called ' 'first dorsal," ''second dorsal," etc.; the sixth one, 
nearest the suture, being known as the "sutural." The fourth, 
fifth and sixth are often very much abbreviated. On the margin of 
the elytron, outside of the first dorsal, there may be three other 
striae known as the "inner, outer and oblique subhumerals, " or if 
only one be present, as the "subhumeral. " The two dorsal seg- 
ments left exposed by the truncate elytra are known as the "pro- 
pygidium" and the "pygidium." and the character of their punc- 
tuation is also often used in the separation of species. To obviate 
the necessity of a very long key. the species of the genus Hister 
have been divided into six or seven groups or subgenera," four of 
which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SUBGENERA OF HISTER. 

a. Front tibise with the tarsal groove badly defined, straight; middle and 
hind tibiae with small spines. 

b. Mesosternum truncate or emarginate at apex; inner thoracic stria 

always present, usually entire. Subgenus I. Hister. 

1)1). Mesosternum more or less produced in front ; inner thoracic stria en- 
tirely absent. Subgenus II. Phelister. 
<ki. Front tibiae with the tarsal groove well defined; middle and hind tibiae 
subdentate ; inner thoracic stria absent. 

c. Front tibiae without a tooth on the inner side near the base; spine of 

presternum flattened at apex. Subgenus III. Platysoma. 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



003 



cc. Front tibiae with a small tooth on the inner side near the base; spine 
of presternum convex. Subgenus IV. Cylistiux. 

Subgenus I. (Histek.) 

Rounded or oval, convex species, having the elytra always 
striate; thorax nearly always with two marginal striae, the outer 
often short ; hind tibia? narrower at base than at apex, and with two 
rows of spines. Since the number of species and varieties of the 
subgenus taken in the State is 22, while five others may occur, they 
are for convenience arranged in four groups, separated as follows: 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS HISTEB. 

a. Margin of thorax fringed with short, hairs; antenna] cavities shallow. 

Group A. 

aa. Margin of thorax not fringed; antenna 1 cavities deep. 
1). Prosternum convex without strise on the sides. 

c. Mesosternum emarginate in front. Group B. 

cc. Mesosternum truncate in front. Group C. 

1)1). Prosternum more or less flattened with a stria on each side ; meso- 
sternum very feebly emarginate; outer thoracic stria usually en- 
tire. Grou P D - 

Group A. 

To this group belong two rather robust species having the en- 
tire margin of the thorax fringed with short yellowish hairs. One 
of the two has been taken in the State, while the other probably 
occurs. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Front tibia* bidentate ; outer marginal stria of thorax entire; color 
black and red. 1143. biplagiatus. 

aa. Front tibiae not dentate; outer marginal stria abbreviated; color wholly 
black. L^VIPES. 

1143 (3472). Hister biplagiatus Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. V, 1S45. 
55, pi. 3, fig. 4. 

Broadly oval. Black; elytra each with a large curved red space on 
the center. Thorax with two entire strife, its surface smooth or nearly so. 
Elytra without trace of subhumeral stria; each with three entire dorsal 
striee and a trace of fourth at base and apex, the sutural extending from 
apex one-third to one-half towards base. Pygidium sparsely and rather 
finely punctured. Length 5 mm. 

Cass County; rare. One specimen dug from a burrow in a 
sand bank by Dr. Robert Hessler. April 17. Probably occurs 
sparingly throughout the southern two-thirds of the State. 

H. Icevipes Germ., length 3.5—1.5 mm., is said to occur from 
Pennsvlvania to Georgia. 



604 



FAMILY X XV. — TJ "ISTERI DIE . 



Group B. 

All the members of this group have the mesosternum distinctly 
emarginate in front and the thorax without cilia? on the front and 
side margins. The following species have been taken or may occur 
in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Subkumeral stria entire ; elytra with four dorsal stria?, the fourth some- 
times abbreviated at base. 
b. Outer thoracic stria entire. 

c. Surface above sparsely but distinctly punctured. 1144. harrisii. 
co. Surface smooth. 

d. Apical tooth of front tibiae more prominent than the second; 
length 5-5.5 mm. 1145. merdarius. 

dd. Apical tooth much less prominent than the second, 
e. Sutural stria long, extending in front of middle. 

/. Size larger, 5-7 mm. 1146. interruptus. 

//. Size smaller, not over 3 mm. 1147. stygicus. 

ee. Sutural stria very short, apical ; length 5 mm. 

1146a. var. immunis. 
bb. Outer thoracic stria much abbreviated or entirely absent. 
g. Outer stria entirely obliterated ; prosternal lobe margined. 

h. Thoracic margin thickened ; inner stria entire ; length 4.5 mm. 

1148. MARGINICOLLIS. 

hh. Thoracic margin not thickened; inner stria abbreviated behind; 
length 2.5-3.5 mm. cognatus. 
gg. Outer thoracic stria visible, usually forming a short arc near the 
front angle; inner stria slightly abbreviated at tip; length 3.5- 
5.5 mm. 1149. fgedatus. 

aa. Subkumeral stria interrupted at middle, or often entirely obsolete. 
i. Front tibiae serrulate witk several spinules or small sharp teeth. 
j. Both outer and inner subkumeral striae present, the latter apical, 
deeply impressed; elytra with four entire dorsal striae; length 
3.5 mm. 1150. abbrevtatus. 

jj. Subhumerals entirely absent or with only a mere trace ; elytra with 
three dorsal striae ; length 4 mm. 1151. civilis. 

ii. Front tibiae tridentate, the teeth being processes of the tibiae itself. 
7c. Thorax with but one marginal stria. 
7. Elytra with three dorsal striae. 

m. Epi pleura with one stria ; front tibiae 4-dentate ; length 5 mm. 

SEMISCULPTUS. 

mm. Epipleura with two striae; front tibiae 3-dentate; length 3- 
4 mm. DisPAR. 
U. Elytra with four entire dorsal striae; epipleura unistriate; length 
5.5 mm. 1152. osculatus. 

I k. Thorax witk two striae. 

//. Elytra witk three entire striae. 

o. Inner subhumeral present at apex, moderately impressed ; epi- 
pleura witk two striae; lengtk 5.5 mm. 1153. depurator. 



THE IIISTER BEETLES, 



605 



oo. Subhumeral striae wholly absent. 

p ^ p ex of prosternal lobe truncate ; epipleura with two strife ; 

length 5-5.5 mm. 1154. furtivus. 

pp Apex of prosternal lobe rounded; epipleura with three striae; 
length 4-6 mm. 1153a. incertus. 

nn. Elytra with four entire strise ; outer thoracic stria abbreviated ; 
form oblong ; length 4.5 mm. curtatus. 

1144 (3477). Hister harrisii Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 124. 
Rounded-oval, convex. Surface sparsely and equally punctured. Tho- 
rax with two stria?, the outer entire and slightly curved at base, the inner 
often slightly the shorter. Elytra with four entire striae, fifth extending to 
middle, sutural longer than fifth, subhumeral entire. Front tibiae with four 
or five teeth, the apical shorter than the second. Length 4-5 mm. 

Lake, Laporte, Pulaski, Cass and Marion counties; frequent. 
April 10-June 26. Occurs principally in cows' clung. Frequent 
beneath chunks on beach of Lake Michigan. 

1145 (3479). Hister merdartus Hoffm., Ent. Hefte., I, 39. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Thorax with two entire striae which usually unite 

at the base, the inner somewhat sinuous, a few sparsely placed punctures 
along the sides. Elytra with four entire striae or with the fourth slightly 
abbreviated at base, fifth and sutural extending to middle, subhumeral en- 
tire, nearly straight. Front tibiae with four teeth, the apical one more 
prominent than the second and slightly notched at tip. Propygidium rather 
sparsely, pygidium more densely punctured. Notch of mesosternum deep 
and broadly rounded. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent, April 25-October 24. 

1146 (34S0). Hister interruptus Beauv., Ins., 1805, 180. 

Broadly ovate, convex. Thorax with two entire striae, not united at 
base, the inner rarely sinuate, surface without punctures. Elytra with 
three entire striae, fourth slightly abbreviated at base, fifth very short, su- 
tural extending in front of middle. Pygidium rather finely and sparsely 
punctured. Front tibia? with five teeth, the apical one shorter than the 
second and bifid. Notch of mesosternum broad but very shallow. Length 
5.5-7 mm. 

Common beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan ; 
taken elsewhere only in Vigo County, where it is scarce. May 6- 
October 11. 

1146a (3482). Hister interruptus immunis Erichs., Kl. Jahrbuch, 1834, 
143. 

Close to interruptus and, in my opinion, only a variety of that species. 
Differs by being shorter and proportionally broader, and by having the su- 
tural stria very short or often entirely obsolete. Front tibia- with five sub- 
equal teeth. Length 5-6 mm. 



606 



FA MIL Y XXV. — HISTBRIDiE . 



Common along the beach of Lake Michigan in company with in-' 
terruptus; not noted elsewhere in the State. May 20-June 10. 
The length of the sutural stria, the only character nsed by Horn in 
separating several species, is often uncertain and variable in the 
same species. 

1147 (3481). Hister STYGicus Lee, Best. Journ. Nat. Hist, V, 1845, 48. 
Resembles interrupt us in almost every particular except size. Form 

more broadly oval; thorax with striae entire, parallel, equidistant from each 
other and from the margin; disk very minutely punctulate. Propygidium 
coarsely but very sparsely punctulate; pygidium finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Length 2.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare, April 24. Taken by sifting about a 
deserted mouse 's nest, 

1148 (3483). His tee maeginicollis Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 

58, pi. 3, fig. 11. 

Broadly oblong-oval, subconvex. Thorax with margin thickened, con- 
vex ; outer stria wholly absent; inner one entire, close to margin; surface 
very finely punctulate, sides more coarsely punctate. Elytra with sub- 
humeral and three dorsal striae entire, fourth abbreviated at base some- 
times only on apical half, fifth short, apical; sutural extending beyond 
middle. Epipleura with one stria. Front tibia? with five rather acute 
teeth. Notch of mesosternum very shallow. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. March 13- August 26. 
Those on the earlier date were taken in company with several other 
beetles beneath honey-comb on the ground in dense woods. 

II. cognatus Lee, is said to occur in the Middle States, Illinois 
and Wisconsin. 

1149 (3486). Hister fcedatus Lee, loc. cit., 50, pi. 2, fig. S. 

Broadly oval, subconvex. Thorax with outer stria short, but variable 
in length ; inner stria usually abbreviated at tip, surface minutely punctu- 
late, more coarsely on sides between the striae. Elytra with subhumeral 
and three dorsal stria? entire, fourth slightly abbreviated at base, fifth 
usually one-third, sutural one-half, the length of elytra. Front tibire with 
six or more teeth. Length 4-6.5 mm. 

Marshall, Marion, Vigo and Putnam counties,; frequent, May 
6-October 11. Occurs beneath carrion. The outer thoracic stria 
varies from a mere arc at anterior angle to half the length of the 
inner stria. The fifth dorsal is also variable, the basal portion 
often being present either as a line or disconnected punctures. 



THE ULSTER BEETLES. 



607 




1150 (3490). Histek abbbe vpa.tu s Fab.. Syst. Ent, 1798, 
Broadly oval, convex. Thorax with inner stria en- 
tire, outer usually extending to middle, often shorter ; 
surface finely punctulate. Elytra with two subhumerals, 
the inner apical, the outer basal, the two with their ends 
overlapping near middle ; entire dorsal striae, four, strong- 
ly punctured, fifth short, apical, sutural reaching middle. 
Pygidium finely and sparsely punctate. Front tibiae with 
four feeble teeth, the apical one bifid. Length 3.5-5.5 mm. 
(Fig. 231.) 

■ .. ■ ' Fig. 231. X 5. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 12-Oc- (Original.) 
tober 9. Occurs especially beneath dead fish and turtles along sandy 
margins of lakes and ponds ; also rarely in fungi, cow dung, etc. 

1151 (3491). Hister civilis Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 55, pi. 3, 

fig. 5. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Thorax with inner stria entire, the outer 
represented only by an arc at front angle. Elytra without subhumeral and 
with only three dorsal .stria?, the fourth existing merely as a trace at apex. 
Propygidium coarsely and very sparsely, pygidium more finely, punctured. 
Front tibiae with very fine teeth or none at all. Length 4 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 11. One specimen from beneath a 
chunk in dry upland woods. 

H. semisculpius Lee, form oblong, is known from Illinois. H. 
dispar Lee, also with three dorsal striae, occurs in Georgia, Illinois 
and Kansas. 

1152 (— — ). Hister osculatus sp. nov. 

Broadly oval, convex. Thorax with inner stria entire, close to margin, 
outer one wholly absent; disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctate on 
sides, smooth at middle. Elytra with four entire dorsal stride, a trace of 
fifth near apex, sutural on apical third but not reaching apex; inner sub- 
humeral deeply impressed on apical third, outer absent. Propygidium and 
pygidium sparsely and finely punctate. Front tibia? with three teeth, the 
middle one the largest. Notch of mesosternum rather deep and broadly 
rounded. Length 5.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 28. The absence of outer thoracic 
stria, the coarse punctures on sides of thorax and the presence of 
four entire dorsals, readily distinguish this from all other members 
of the depurator group of Horn. 

1153 (3494). Hister depurator Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Y. 1825, 

33; ibid. II, 2(31. 

Broadly ovate, convex. Thorax with the inner stria entire, outer vari- 
able, usually reaching middle or beyond. Elytra with three entire dorsal 
stria?, fourth apical, rarely half the length of elytra, fifth a mere trace, 
sutural reaching middle; inner subhumeral moderately impressed at apex, 
[39—23402] 



608 



FAMILY XXV. IIISTERTD M . 



outer with only a trace. Propygidium coarsely and sparsely, pygidium more 
finely, punctured. Front tibia? with three teeth, the apical prominent and 
slightly bifid at tip. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; more frequent in the northern counties. 
June 10-September 18. Occurs in. putrid fungi and excrement. 
The subhumerai, fourth, fifth and sutural stria? are often partially 
represented by detached punctures and the sutural rarely reaches 
apex. 

1153a (3496). Hister depurator incertus Marsuel, Mon. Hist., 1854, 269. 

A variety of depurator without trace of subhumerai stria and with the 
epipleura tri-striate. Length 5-6 mm. 

Yigo County; scarce. June 11. 

1154 (3495). Hister fuetiyus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 313. 

Resembles depurator, differing only in having the subhumerai stria 
wholly absent and the apex of the prosternal lobe truncate or faintly einar- 
ginate, with the sides of the emargination slightly prominent. Length 
5-6 mm. 

Wells, Vigo and Jennings counties; scarce. June 11-Septem- 
ber 24. 

H. curtains Lee, without trace of subhumerai stria*, but with a 
short humeral appendix, is known from Pennsylvania and Illinois. 

Group C. 

In this group the front margin of the mesosternum is truncate 
and the side pieces of mesa- and metasterna grooved. Seven species 
occur in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Elytra bicolored. black and red; epipleura very narrow with one stria. 

1155. BI MACE LA TU S . 

an. Elytra wholly black: epipleura broader, with two stria?. 

I. Elytra with two subhumerai stria?, the outer entire; thorax with but 

one marginal stria. 1156. sedkcimstriatits. 

1)1). Elytra without subhumerai stria. 

c. Elytra with five entire dorsal stria?. 
d. Thorax with two marginal stria?, the outer one short. 

e. Surface smooth. 1157. amebicantjs. 

ce. Surface distinctly punctured. 1158. perplexus. 

(Id. -Thorax with only the inner stria present. 1159. exaratus. 

cc. Elytra with four entire dorsal stria? or less. 

/. Four entire dorsal stria? present; epipleura with two stria?. 

1160. nubiles. 

ff. Three entire dorsal stria? present, the fourth short, basal ; epi- 
pleura with three stria?. 1161. poixtjtus. 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



609 



1155 (3507). Hister bimaculatus Linn., Syst. Nat, XI, 567. 
Oblong-ovate, convex. Elytra black, with the outer diagonal half 

orange red. Thorax with one tine marginal stria, abbreviated at tip ; disk 
minutely punctulate and with a broad shallow impression on each side near 
the front angles. Elytra with five entire striae, the sutural extending in 
front of the middle ; the subhumeral absent. Front tibiae with three teeth ; 
mesosternum truncate. Length 4.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. April 13. 

1156 (3505). Hister sedecimstriatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 

V, 1825, 36 ; ibid. II, 263. 
Rounded-oval, convex. Thorax with inner marginal stria entire, outer 
wholly absent. Elytra with five entire dorsal striae, the fifth arching at 
base and joining the sutural, and with two subhumerals, the outer entire, 
the inner on apical half only. Front tibiae with three teeth, the apical one 
finely bifid. Length 4-5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 2-September 10. A 
prettily and well marked species, common locally beneath carrion 
and in excrement. 

*1157 (3507). Hister americanus Payk., Monograph Hist., 1811, 31. 

Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Thorax with inner stria entire, the 
outer varying from a mere arc at front angle to nearly entire. Elytra with 
five entire striae, the fifth curved at base and often joining the sutural ; sub- 
humeral absent. Upper surface smooth. Front tibiae with three teeth, the 
apical one prominent and finely bifid. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; one of the most common of the family. 
Hibernates. January 6-October 9. Occurs usually beneath logs or 
bark in low moist woods. Horn says that the fifth dorsal very 
rarely joins the sutural but in one-third of the 25 or more specimens 
at hand the two are united, while in one specimen they unite on one 
side and not on the other. 

1158 (3508). Hister ferplexus Lee, New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 61. 

Closely allied to americanus but larger, more oblong and distinctly but 
sparsely and finely punctured. Elytral striae more strongly impressed and 
punctured, the fifth joining the sutural. Length 4-5 mm. 

Lake. T aporte. Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and Posey counties; 
scarce. April 18-June 9. Occurs in same localities as ameri- 
canus and, as Horn suggests, it will probably prove only a better 
developed geographical race of that species. In one specimen at 
hand, with surface distinctly punctured, the elytral stria? are not 
punctured and the fifth does not join the sutural. In another the 
outer thoracic stria is very fine and entire. 



(310 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERIDJE. 



1159 (3509). Hister exaeatus Lee, Bost Journ. Nat Hist, V, 1845, 59;' 

pi. Ill, fig. 12. 

Also closely allied to americanus, but differing by having the outer 
thoracic stria wholly absent; the elytral stria; finer, the fifth joining the 
sutural ; surface smooth. Length 3.5 mm. 

Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. July 1-July 29. Taken 
from decaying fungi, Agaric es. 

1160 (3510). Hister nubilus Lee, Col. of Kansas, 1S59, 7. 

Broadly oval, subconvex. Thorax with inner stria entire; the outer, 
short, apical. Elytra with four entire stride; fifth short, apical; sutural 
extending in front Of middle. Front tibiae with four teeth, the apical one 
slightly bifid. Length 5 mm. 

A well marked species described from Kansas and represented 
in the collection by a single specimen taken in Vigo County, June 7, 
from beneath the carcass of a dead hen. 

1161 (3511). Hister pollutus Lee, Col. of Kansas, 1859, 7. 
Resembles nubilus, but differs by being less broad and by having the 

fourth dorsal short, basal only, or with a few disconnected punctures at 
apex. Epipleura with tbree stria?. Apical tooth of front tibia? larger. 
Length 5 mm. 

Lake and Crawford counties: rare. May 13-May 25. 

Group D. 

To this group belongs a single small species, separated from its 
allies by the characters mentioned in key. 

1162 (3502). Hister servus Erichs.. Jahrbuch, 1S34, 147. 

Oval, convex. Thorax with two marginal stria?, the outer usually entire, 
sometimes abbreviated to one-half or three-fourths. Elytra with four entire 
striae, fifth short apical ; sutural half the length of elytra ; subhumeral en- 
tirely absent. Pygidium convex, coarsely and rather densely, propygidium 
more densely and more coarsely, punctured. Front tibia? with three teeth, 
the apical one deeply bifid. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. May 20- June 11. H. defectus Lee, is 
probably a synonym of servus, as the two are separated on the length 
of the thoracic stria, which varies exceedingly in the specimens of 
servus before me. 

Subgenus II. (Phelister.) 

Very small, oval species, having the inner thoracic stria absent, 
the outer sometimes present and then very close to margin; prester- 
num with a stria on each side ; mesosternum prominent in front. Of 
the six species known from the United States, two occur in Indiana. 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



til 1 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PHELISTER. 

a. Thorax with distinct submarginal stria; elytra with live entire dorsal 
stride. 1163. subrotundus. 

a a. Thorax with no submarginal stria ; elytra with four entire dorsal striae. 

1164. VERNUS. 

*1163 (3515). Hister subrotundus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 39 ; ibid. II, 265. 
Broadly rounded-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, shin- 
ing ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax finely punctulate on the 
disk, more coarsely on the sides; the stria distinct but very close to mar- 
gin. Sutural stria of elytra extending in front of middle. Pygidium 
sparsely and minutely punctulate. Front tibia? with a number of fine teeth. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common beneath bark and often in fungi 
on oak stumps and logs. Hibernates. March 12-December 10. 

*1164 (3516). Hister vernus Say, loc. cit, 40 ; ibid. II, 266. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. 
Disk of thorax sparsely and finely, the sides much more coarsely, punctate; 
marginal stria absent. Elytra with four entire dorsal striae, the fifth and 
sutural extending from apex to middle. Front tarsi with eight or nine 
teeth, the apical three larger, subequal. Length 2.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. Hibernates. Occurs most 
commonly beneath logs and bark, in low, moist, sandy places. J anu- 
ary 6-October 9. 

Subgenus III. ( Platysoma. ) 

Small oval, oblong or cylindrical, often much depressed species, 
having the front tibiae with a deep, sinuate tarsal groove; thorax 
without inner marginal striae; middle and hind tibiae armed with 
two to four teeth or short spines ; front tibiae without a tooth on the 
inner side near the base ; presternum without striae. Six species of 
the subgenus have been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PLATYSOMA. 

a. Body broad, not twice as long as wide, more or less depressed ; elytra 
with not more than three entire dorsal striae. 
b. Sutural stria well marked ; front tibia? with five teeth. 

1165. CAROLINUS. 

/>/>. Sutural stria either obsolete or wholly absent ; front tibiae with four 
teeth. 

c. Sides of thorax punctured. 1166. lecontei. 

gc. Sides of thorax smooth. 1167. aurelianus. 

aa. Body elongate, always as long or longer than twice the width, either 
cylindrical or depressed; elytra with more than three entire dorsal 
striae. 



612 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERID-E. 



d. Sutural stria entire. 

c. Form subcylmdrical ; nil the dorsal stria* entire. parallelus. 

ec. Form dopivssed ; fifth dorsal abbreviated at base. 1168. ^quus. 
dd. Sutural stria abbreviated at base: form cylindrical. 
/. Thorax evenly punctured : mesosterual stria entire. 

1169. COARCTATVS. 

ff. Thorax nearly smooth at middle ; mesosterual stria broadly inter- 
rupted. 11 TO. BASALIS. 

*116o (3519). Hister caroltnds Payk.. Monog. Hist.. 1811, 45. 

Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black or pieeous, shining; 
leg's reddish-brown. Thorax with outer marginal stria pres- 
ent, very line : disk smooth. Elytra with three entire dorsal 
stria?, fourth and fifth apical, reaching the middle, sutural 
somewhat, longer. Front tibia? with five rather fine teeth : 
middle tibia? with four, hind tibia? with three, short spines. 
Length 3-3.S mm. (Fig. 232.) 

Probablv our most common species of Hister ■ 
(Original.) found throughout the State, especially m low. moist 
woods beneath bark and logs. January 11-November 30. Often 
gregarious in winter. 

*1166 (3520). Hister lecoxtei Marsuel. Monog. Hist.. 1S53, 273. pi. T. 
fig. 17. 

Oblong-oval, strongly depressed. Thorax smooth at middle; sparsely 
and rather coarsely punctured on sides, the marginal stria entire. Elytra 
with three entire dorsal stria?, fourth apical, extending to middle or beyond, 
fifth short, apical : sutural often wanting, sometimes as long as fifth. 
Propygidium coarsely but very sparsely punctured. Front tibia? with four 
teeth ; middle tibia? with three, hind tibia? with two. short spines. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. February Id—December 29. 
Occurs beneath the close-fitting hark of logs and stumps, especially 
that of oak and elm ; rarely on fungi or at sap. 

1167 (3521). Hister auseliawus Horn. Proc. Arner. Phil. Soc. XIII. 1S73. 

297. 

Resembles lecontei but more depressed. Thorax almost smooth at 
sides. Elytra with three entire dorsals, fourth very short, apical ; fifth 
and sutural wanting. Length 3 mm. 

Lawrence County ; rare. .May 23. Taken from decaying fungi. 
Described from Louisiana, hut since taken by Dury near Gin 
cinnati. 

II. parallelus Say. length 2.5 mm., is known from Georgia south- 
ward, hut may occur in southern Indiana. 

1168 (3523). Hister .eqeus Lec., X. Sp. X. Amer. Col., I, 1S63. 61. 
Oblong, strongly depressed. Black or piceous-brown. shining. Thorax 

finely and rather densely punctured. Elytra with four entire dorsal stride. 




THE H1STER BEETLES. 



613 



fifth abbreviated at base, sirtural entire or nearly so; intervals sparsely 
but distinctly punctured. Mesosternum deeply emarginate. its striae inter- 
rupted at middle. Front tibiae with four teeth; middle tibiae with three 
short spines. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Known from Indiana by three specimens taken by A. B. Wol- 
cott from beneath bark of pine near Clark Junction, Lake County. 
July 23. Described from Georgia, where it is said to be rare. 

1169 (3524). Hister coaectatus Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, V, 1845, 41, 

pi. I, fig. 6. 

Elongate, parallel, cylindrical. Black, shining; legs and antennae red- 
dish-brown. Thorax evenly but not densely punctured. Elytra with four 
entire dorsal striae, fifth one-half and sutural two-thirds the length of ely- 
tra ; a very short basal subhumeral. Propygidium coarsely and sparsely, 
pygidium finely, punctured. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marion County; rare. May 17. 

1170 (3526). PI is tee basalts Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, 343. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, shining; antennae red- 
dish-brown ; legs piceous. Thorax minutely punctulate on 
disk ; rather coarsely and sparsely punctured at apex and 
on sides. Elytra with four entire dorsal striae, fifth and 
sutural subequal, one-half the length of elytra ; a very short 
humeral. Propygidium and pygidium rather coarsely and c' 
sparsely punctured, the latter nearly smooth at apex. Mid- 
dle and hind tibiae each with three acute teeth on outer 
edge. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 233.) { 

Marion County: rare. November 22. Two speci- 
mens from the roots of a hackberry tree in low. open woods. Much 
more robust than coarctatus. 




Subgenus IV. (Cylistrix.) 

Small, elongate, cylindrical beetles, having the inner marginal 
stria of thorax absent, outer stria entire and close to the margin ; 
front tibia? spinose as mentioned in key. One of the three known 
species has been taken in Indiana. 

1171 (3529). Hister gracilis Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1S45, 41, 
pl. I, fig. 7. 

Elongate, cylindrical. Piceous black, very shining ; antenna? and legs 
reddish-brown. Head sparsely punctured ; clypeus concave. Thorax longer 
than wide, sparsely punctured with fine and coarse punctures intermingled. 
Elytra with four entire stria\ the fifth apical, extending to middle, sutural 
slightly longer. Pygidium nearly smooth. Marginal stria of prosternal 
lobe obliterated. Front tibiae four-, middle three-, hind two-toothed. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Vigo and Marion counties: scarce. May 1— May 21. Occurs 
beneath bark of elm and other trees in low. moist woods. 



614 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERIDiE. 



III. Tribalus Erichs. 1834. (Gr., "worthless.") 

This genus contains two small, dull blackish, ovate species, hav- 
ing the antennas inserted under the margin of the front, their 
cavities at the front angles of thorax open both in front and on 
sides. One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

1172 (3531). Tribalus americanfs Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1845, 

64, pi. IV, fig. 7. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black or piceous, feebly shining, densely punc- 
tured. Thorax without stria?. Elytra with four ill-defined dorsal stria?, 
the first and second apical, third and fourth basal. Pygidium and propy- 
gidiuni finely and densely punctured, the former vertical. Length 2.3- 
2.8 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. April 24— June 16. Occurs be- 
neath bark of hickory, black gum and elm. 

IV. Epierus Erichs. 1834. (Gr., "pleasing.") 

Small, oblong-oval forms, easily distinguished from Tribalus by 
the distinct elytral striae. As there, the antennal cavity is partly 
concealed by the pectoral plate and is open in front and on the 
side. Our two species have all the dorsal striae entire. 

1173 (3533). Epierus regularis Beauv., Ins.. 1805, 180. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining; legs piceous. Thorax rather 
sparsely punctate with larger and smaller punctures intermingled. Elytra 
each with six entire punctured dorsal striae; intervals sparsely and minutely 
punctulate; subhumeral entire; epipleural fold coarsely punctured and with 
two deep, distinct stria?. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 9-September 10. Oc- 
curs usually in fungi. 

*1174 (3535). Epieres pelicarius Erichs., Jahrb., 1834, 162. 

Oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, shining. 
Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with six entire dorsal stria?; 
subhumeral entire. Epipleura with one fine stria. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Southern half of State, common ; less so in the northern coun- 
ties. February 23-October 4. Gregarious in winter beneath bark 
and logs in low. moist ground. Easily distinguished from regu- 
laris by the smaller size, lighter color and one stria of epipleura. 

V. Het^rius Erichs. 1834. (Gr., "friendship.") 

Readily known by the peculiar lobe on each side of thorax. 
Pour species are listed from the United States, one of which occurs 
in Indiana. 



THE IUSTEK BEETLES. 



1175 (3542). HETiEBius brunnipennts Rand., J3ost. Journ. Nat. Hist., LI. 
1838. 40. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Pale chestnut 
brown, shining. Thorax with a groove on each 
side separating the disk from the lobe, the lat- 
ter divided by a shallow transverse groove 
slightly behind the middle. Elytra with sub- 
humeral and first dorsal entire; second dorsal 
three-fourths, third two-thirds, the length of ely- 
tra, with erect fine yellowish hairs sparsely 
placed along the strife. Length 1.5 mm. (Fig. 
234.) 

Marion and Lawrence counties; rare. 
April 28 -May 11. Occurs in nests of large x 12. (After wheeie,) 

brown ants, a variety of Formica rufa. 

VI. Dendrophilus Leach. 1817. (Gr,, "tree + love.") 

In this and the next two genera, the antennal cavities, instead 
of being beneath the front angles of the thorax are beneath the 
middle of its sides, and the lobe of the presternum does not form a 
floor for them as in the preceding genera of the subfamily. Den- 
drophilus is represented in the eastern United States and Indiana 
by the single species: 

1176 (3551). Dendrophilus punctulatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. s V, 1825, 45 ; ibid. II, 269. 
Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining; sparsely, 
evenly and rather coarsely punctured; marginal line of thorax finely im- 
pressed on basal half. Elytra with outer subhumeral entire; dorsal stria? 
faintly impressed, one and two nearly entire, three and four gradually 
shorter, basal ; fifth and sutural absent, or the former represented by punc- 
tures only. Notch of mesosternum deep. Prosternum with a stria on each 
side, the apex rounded. Tibia? all dilated in the middle. Length 3 mm. 

Fulton, Marion and Crawford counties; rare. April 14-July 
22. Beneath bark. 

VII. Paromalus Erichs. 1834. (Gr.. " almost flat.") 

This genus comprises about 20 small oval or oblong species with 
the antennal cavities located as in the preceding, but having only 
the front tibia? dilated at middle. Five of them are known to occur 
in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PAROMALUS. 

a. Form oblong, strongly flattened; elytra without entire stria?. 

1177. ^QUALIS. 

aa. Form more or less convex. 

J). Elytra with entire stria?; prosternum with a stria on each side. 




616 



FAMILY XXV. HISTEKIDiE. 



c. Fourth dorsal stria joining the sutural by an arc; elytra with 
deeply impressed striae, the intervals concave. 

1178. GEMINATUS. 

cc. Fifth dorsal stria joining the sutural, the fourth not arched at 
apex. 1179. 14-striatus. 

~bb. Elytra without entire striae; presternum without strise. 

cl. Elytra without trace of sutural stria ; form oblong, subdepressed. 

1180. BISTRIATUS. 

del. Elytra with a distinct abbreviated sutural stria ; form oval, more 
convex. 1181. seminulum. 

*11T7 (3552). Paromalus .equalis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 41 ; ibid. II, 269. 

Oblong, strongly depressed. Black, shining, sparsely and minutely 
punctulate. Elytra either wholly without strise or with traces at base or 
middle of two or three dorsals ; a deep, oblique humeral stria often present. 
Front tibiae 5-dentate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common beneath bark and logs, especially 
that of cottonwoocl and poplar. Hibernates. January 21-Decem- 
ber 8. LeConte's cs trim us is a synonym, the third dorsal varying 
from a mere trace to nearly half the length of elytron. 

1178 (3555). Paromalus geminatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859, 

314. 

Oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax evenly and 
finely punctulate. Elytra with a fine subhumeral, extending from apex 
three-fourths to base and with dorsal stride one to four entire, the fourth 
broadly arching at base to join the sutural ; fifth abbreviated at base ; in- 
tervals slightly concave, sparsely and finely punctate. Front tibiae with 
two teeth. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Putnam and Marion counties ; rare. March 25-May 10. Taken 
while sifting leaves from fence corners. Readily known Jby the 
peculiar striation of the elytra. 

1179 (3557). Paromalus 14-striatus Steph., Illust. Brit. Entom., V, 1832, 

412. 

Oblong-oval, rather strongly convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax 
sparsely punctulate, more distinctly so at sides. Elytra with a fine sub- 
humeral and dorsals one to five entire, the fifth arching and joining the 
sutural ; the intervals flat, finely and sparsely punctulate. Front tibiae with 
two teeth. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 6. Said to occur in Europe and to 
be widely distributed throughout the United States. 

*1180 (3564). Paromalus bistriatus Erichs., Jahrb., 1834, 171. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous black, shining ; legs and antenna? 
reddish-brown. Thorax rather finely and densely punctate, the marginal 
stria entire, very close to edge. Elytra more coarsely and sparsely punc- 



THE IIISTER BEETLES. 



()1T 



tate, the first and second stria very short, basal. Front tibia, with four 
teeth. Length 2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates beneath the bark 
of walnut poplar and elm logs; on tree fungi in summer. F<d>ru- 
ary 10— September 21. 

11S1 (3567). Pabomales seminulum Erichs.. loc. cit. 

" OYal rather convex. Piceous black, shining. Thorax as in Mstfiatus. 
Elvira more coarsely punctured than thorax, with traces of two stria? at 
base, and a short, faintly impressed sutural stria at middle. Length 2 mm. 

^ Southern half of State ; scarce. Occurs with the preceding and 
may be sexually different only. Hibernates. February ID-Octo- 
ber 4. 

Anapleus marglnaius Lee., broadly oval, piceous. coarsely punc- 
tured, elytra with traces of third dorsal stria at base, length 1.5 
mm., is known from Illinois and the District of Columbia. 

Tribe III. SAPRLNT. 
The different genera of this tribe vary much in size and form, 
but all agree in lacking a lobe on the front of the presternum. The 
members of the largest genus. Sapnnus, live mostly in carcasses, 
especially those of dead fish along the shores of rivers and lakes. 
The others occur mostly beneath bark and stones. Six of the seven 
genera are represented in the State. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF SATE1XI. 

a Antenna? inserted under the margin of the front, in repose received in 
cavities at the sides of the presternum ; size larger. 2.5 or more mm. 

VIII. Sapsintjs. 

aa Antenna? inserted on the front, in repose received in cavities beneath 
the sides of the thorax in front of the coxa?: size usually very small. 
6. Eyes finely granulated, not prominent ; length 1.5-2 mm. 

c Thorax with deep lateral groove: prosternum deeply bisulcate : 
tibia? not toothed. * x Peegaderes. 

cc. Thorax without deep lateral groove: form cylindrical; tibia? 

X. Teketries. 

toothed. 

7>7). Eyes coarsely granulated and very convex: form oval: length less 
than 1.5 mm. 

(1. Hind tarsi 5-jointed: scutellum invisible. XL Bacaxies. 

del. Hind tarsi 4-jointed. 

e. Scutellum distinct. XIL AcKITrs - 

cc. Scutellum invisible. xnL ^l^s. 

VIII Saprints Erichs. 1834. (Gr.. "rotten.") 
The members of this genus resemble in form those of the larger 
species of Bister, but almost all of them have the thorax and elytra, 
in part, at least, more coarsely punctate. The fifth dorsal stria 



618 FAMILY XXV. 1HSTEJRJM. 

is usually wholly absent and the other striae are not as well devel 
oped as in Ulster. As noted above, our species mostly occur alone 
shores beneath dead fish, though several of them may be found 
anywhere beneath carrion. The genus is a large one, 79 species 
being listed from the United States, while three others are here- 
with described. Since the form of and characters pertaining to the 
presternum are much used in classification, the under part of the 
body should be clean, and if too small to mount on a pin the speci 
men should be set with the card point attached to the abdomen so 
as to expose fully the front of the under side. 

For convenience the Indiana species are separated into two 
groups : 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SAPRINUS. 

a. Front of head not margined. G A 

aa. Front of head distinctly margined. G ^p B 

Group A. 

To this group belong the Indiana species of Groups II IV V 
and VI of Horn, his Groups I, III and VII not being represented in 
the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

Presternum fiat, its marginal striae horizontal and united in front - su- 
tural stria very short, basal ; length 2.5-3.5 mm. 1182. rotundatus 
. Prosternum at least moderately convex, distinctly striate. 
h. Striae of prosternum parallel, horizontal, abbreviated in front- inter- 
nal subhumeral stria represented by a row of rather coarse dis- 
connected punctures; length 3.5-4 mm. n 8 3. posthumus. 

Ob. StriaB of prosternum divergent in front and ascending 

c. Prosternum without a pit or fovea on each side near the front 
margin ; head with a distinct stria extending slightly along the 
front above the eye. 
d. Fourth dorsal stria feebly arched at base, not joining the su- 
tural, the latter short ; area between the dorsal striae coarsely 
and densely punctured; length 4-6 mm. 1184. lugens 

dd. Fourth dorsal strongly arched at base, usually joining the su- 
tural; area between the dorsal stria? very little or not at all 
punctured; length 4.5-5.5 mm. 
e. Sutural stria wanting at basal and apical portions, visible for 
a very slight extent at middle only. 1185. imperfecta 
ee. Sutural stria distinctly impressed at apical portion and join- 
ing the apical marginal stria; surface brilliant metallic 
green or bronze. 1186. Pennsylvania. 

cc. Prosternum with a small but distinct fovea on each side in which 
the stria ends ; stria on front above the eye rarely present. 
/. Pygidium with a deep marginal groove at apex. 

1187. ASSIMILIS. 



a. 



a a 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



//. Pygidiuni not grooved. 

g. Fourth dorsal and sutural united, the latter strongly impressed 
at base. 

Outer subhumeral stria short, distinct. 1188. confobmis. 
////. Outer subhumeral stria entirely absent. 

Fourth dorsal stria nearly as long as first; length -F 
4.5 mm. 1189. simulatus. 

it. Fourth dorsal distinctly shorter than first; length less 
than 2.5 mm. 1190. minutus. 

gff. Fourth dorsal arched at base; sutural stria very feeble, inter- 
. rupted at base and apex: length 3.2 mm. 1191. oyiformis. 

1182 (3571). Saprinus rotuxdatus Kugel. Schneider Mag.. III. 1792. 304. 

Broadly oval. Piceous or black, shining; legs and antennae brownish- 
red. Thorax rather coarsely punctate over its entire surface. Elytra with 
first dorsal entire but very fine beyond the middle ; second, third and fourth 
nearly equal, reaching middle; fifth represented only by a short basal arc. 
sometimes uniting the fourth and sutural. the latter very short, on basal 
fourth only; surface sparsely punctured on sides and base, more densely 
on apical third. Front tibiae with five teeth. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Marion. Yigo and Crawford counties: rare. May 15-October 9. 
Taken from decaying fungi at base of oak stumps. 

1183 (3579). Saprixvs posthumus Mars.. Monog. Hist. 1862, 4G0. 
Broadly oval. Black, strongly shining. Thorax with middle sparsely, 

sides and base more densely and coarsely, punctured. Elytra with first 
dorsal extending three-fourths to apex, second, third and fourth subequal, 
reaching middle, the fourth arched at base and joining the sutural. which 
extends nearly to apex; surface of apical third coarsely but rather sparsely 
punctured, the punctures extending from the first stria to the suture. Front 
tibia? with a number of fine teeth. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Marshall. Tippecanoe. Putnam and Posey counties: scarce. 
May 8-Oetober 17. 

11S4 (3583). Saprixus lugexs Erichs.. Jahrb., 1834, 181. 

Broadly oval. Black, moderately shining. Thorax feebly ini] >ressed on 
each side near the front angles, disk smooth, sides with punctured space 
broader in front and at base, narrower along the basal margin. Ely- 
tra with a large, well defined scutellar space and a much smaller sub- 
humeral one smooth : remainder of surface densely punctured : first and 
second dorsal stria? extending two-thirds to apex, third and fourth a little 
shorter and nearly equal, the fourth slightly arched: the sutural absent 
on basal third. Front tibia? with n number of line teeth. Length 4-0 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. June 4. Not before recorded east of the 
Mississippi Rrrer. but said to be abundant at the eastern base of 
the Rocky Mountains and westward. 



620 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERID,E. 



1185 (3584). Sapbinus imperfecta Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat Hist V 1845 
TO, pi. 5, fig. 3. " ' 

. , Bl '° adly ovaL BIack > ^onglj shining. Thorax smooth at middle the 
sides broadly and coarsely, the base narrowly and coarsely, punctured 
Elytra sparsely punctured on apical third, the punctures extending to the 
base on the interval between the first and second dorsal stria., this interval 
slightly rugose near base; oblique humeral stria bifid at tip, the outer 
branch joining the internal subhumeral, which is longer than the first dor- 
sal ; dorsals one, two and four, subequal, extending slightly beyond middle 
the third shorter, the sutural represented by a few close punctures at mid- 
dle. Front tibia- finely denticulate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Marion and Hamilton counties, rare; a single specimen having 
been -taken m each from beneath dead turtles. Mav 29-June 7 
Known heretofore only from Pennsylvania. 

1186 (3585). Sapbinus pennsylvanicus Payk., Monog. Hist, 1811, 62. 

Broadly oval, robust. Brilliant metallic green to bronze. Thorax- 
smooth, with a few rather coarse punctures along the sides and a double 
row of coarse ones on basal margin. Elytra coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tured on apical half, between first dorsal and suture; humeral stria fine 
oblique, not joining internal subhumeral, which is longer than first dorsal' 
the latter extending two-thirds to apex, second shorter, third very short' 
fourth shorter than second, broadly arching to join the sutural which is 
entire. Front tibiae coarsely serrate. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties; scarce. Probably throughout the 
State, as it is said to occur " everywhere east of Rocky Mountains " 
May 7-June 29. 

1187 (3590). Sapbinus assimilis Payk.. Monog. Hist, 1811, 63. 

Broadly oval. Black, shining. Thorax impressed 
near the front angles, the disk smooth, sides coarsely 
and densely punctured, the base with a few punctures 
and a distinct impression in front of scutellum. Ely- 
tra coarsely punctured on apical third ; humeral steia 
oblique, indistinct, not joining the internal subhumeral 
which is represented by punctures at apex ; first dor- 
sal extending three-fourths to apex, second, third and 
fourth gradually shorter and terminating in coarse 
.Eg.235. x 5. (Original) ]nmetm ' es - tbe fo "^ Joining the sutural, which is 
' : — ^deeply impressed at base, but does not reach apex 
lu-ont tibia* with a number of fine teeth. Length 4-5.5 mm. (Fig. 235.) 

Throughout, the State; frequent on carrion, especially that of 
reptiles and fishes. April 13-August 23. 

1188 (3592). Sapbinus confobmis Lee, Bost. Journ Nat Hist V 72 
pl. V, fig. 7. 

Broadly oval. Black, shining. Thorax with disk smooth, rather finely 
and densely punctured on the sides, one row of coarse punctures along the 




THE BISTER BEETLES. 



base and a single larger one in front of scutellum. Elytra with an irregular 
triangular space of rather coarse and sparse punctures on apical third; 
humeral stria very tine: internal subhuineral, short, subapical; first dorsal 
extending four-fifths to apex, second, third and fourth gradually shorter, 
the fourth arched to join to sutural. which extends two-thirds to apex and 
thence continued by punctures. Front tibia? finely denticulate. Length 3.5 
4.5 mm. 

Lake. Marshall, Tippecanoe and Putnam counties; scarce. May 
27— September 13. 

1189 ( ). Saprinus simflatus sp. nov. 

Oblong-oval. Black, shining; antenna? and legs 

pieeous. Head minutely and very indistinctly punc- 
tured. Thorax rather finely and densely punctured at 
the sides and with a single row of coarse punctures 
along the base. Elytra rather sparsely and finely punc- 
tured on apical fourth, with a few scattered ones ex- 
tending between the sutural and fourth dorsal to mid- 
dle or beyond ; internal subhumeral short, subapical : 
dorsal strife deeply impressed, obsoletely punctured, 
the first extending four-fifths to apex; second, third 
and fourth nearly equal and but little shorter than Fig. 236. x ei (Original.) 
first, the fourth arching at base and joining the sutural. which extends 
three-fourths to apex. Propygidiuin and pygidium rather finely and densely 
punctured. Front tibiae with five distinct teeth. Length 4-4.5 mm. ( Fig. 
236.) 

Vigo and Crawford counties: rare. April 2-May 11. Accord- 
ing to Horn's key. this runs to vescus Mars., but comparisons with 
examples of that species at Cambridge show vescus to be a smaller 
and much more shining species, with thorax more uniformly and 
pygidium much more sparsely punctate. 

1190 (3597L Saprinus minutus Lee, Bost. Journ. Xat. Hist.. Y. 1845. 73. 

pi. ¥, fig. 9. 

Broadly ovate. Piceous-blaek tinged with bronze : legs reddish-brown. 
Thorax smooth at middle finely and sparsely punctulate on sides. Elytra 
sparsely and coarsely punctate on apical third, the punctures extending 
along suture beyond the middle: oblique humeral continuous with internal 
subhumeral which, with first and second dorsals, extends three-fourths to 
apex : third dorsal reaching slightly beyond middle, fourth extending to 
middle only and joining the sutural. which is abbreviated at apex. Front 
tibue finely denticulate. Length 2 mm. 

Vermillion County: rare. August 11. The smallest species of 
the genus in the State. Horn in his Monograph states that the 
sutural stria of minutus attains the apex and joins the apical mar- 
ginal line, but LeConte in his original description says that it is 
"postice a~b~b)'cuiata" and figures it so. It reaches only three- 




622 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERIDJE. 



fourths to apex in the specimen at hand, and it is my opinion, judg- 
ing from descriptions only, that convexiusculus and minutus are 
synonymous, the latter name having priority. 

1101 ( ). Sapeixus ovifobmis sp. nov. 

Oval, convex. Black, shining; legs piceous. Head finely and sparsely 
punctate. Thorax with a large area near front angles, narrowing to base, 
rather coarsely and densely punctate, disk almost smooth. Elytra with 
apical third coarsely and sparsely punctate; oblique humeral distinct, sub- 
liumera] absent; first dorsal extending three-fourths to apex; second, third 
and fourth subequal, reaching but little beyond middle; sutural represented 
by a row of punctures from slightly in front of middle to apical fourth. 
Propygidium and pygidium coarsely and rather densely punctate. Front 
tibia? with six or seven sharp teeth. Length 3.2 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. June 10. Taken at carrion. Allied 
to waeoensis Horn, but differs by the larger and much more, coarsely 
punctured area of elytra and less uniformly punctate thorax. 

Group B. 

This group comprises the Indiana species of Groups VTII and 
IX of Horn. They are robust, rounded or oval species, having the 
front of head wider than long, distinctly margined and usually 
marked with one or two short curved grooves. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Prosternum compressed, its striae entire or nearly so, convergent in 
front ; hind tibiae with two rows of fine spines. 
h. Elytra with distinct sutural stria. 

c. Sutural stria entire; punctured space at apex of elytra of small 
extent, not entered by the dorsal stria?. 

d. Thorax sparsely punctured in front and at sides, its disk smooth : 

surface bronzed ; length 2.5-3.5 mm. 1192. spblf:eoides. 

dd. Thorax rather sparsely and evenly punctured over its entire sur- 
face ; black, strongly polished ; length 4.2 mm. 1193. lakexsis. 
cc. Sutural stria abbreviated at apex, or confused with the punctures. 

e. Elytral punctures apical only, the basal region smooth ; thorax 

with strigose punctures at sides and apex; surface bronzed: 
length 3 mm. 1194. seminitens. 

ee. Elytral punctures dense, extending to base between the stria\ 
f. Mirror, or shining smooth space about the scutellum. sharply 
defined; sutural stria entire, confused at tip; length 3.5- 
4 mm. 1195. fbateexus. 

ff. Mirror not well defined; sutural stria obsolete at apex; length 
3-4 mm. 1196. maxctjs. 

IjI). Elytra with sutural stria wanting; scutellar mirror well defined: 
length 2.8-3.2 mm. 1197. fitchit. 

aa. Prosternum compressed and earinate, its stria? short, united in front: 
hind tibiae with three rows of long spines: sutural stria entire; ely- 
tral punctures coarse. 1198. pateuelis. 



THE NIKT10R liKKTLRS. 



1192 (3614). Sapeinus sphjseoides Lee, Bost. Jour. Nat Hist, V, 1845, 78. 

pi. VI, fig. 5. 

Rounded-oval. Bronzed or cupreous, shining. Thorax sparsely punc- 
tured in front and at the sides; basal margin more coarsely punctured, disk 
smooth. Elytra finely punctured on apical third in space between the 
fourth dorsal and sutural; external subhumeral rather long, humeral finely 
impressed, not uniting with the internal subhumeral; first dorsal stria ex- 
tending four-fifths to apex and sinuate at tip; second, third and fourth 
gradually shorter, the fourth arching to join the sutural, which is entire. 
Front tibire coarsely denticulate, the apical three teeth longer than the 
others. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan, near Millers, Lake 
County ; scarce. May 12-June 9. 

1193 ( ). Sapeinus lakensis sp. nov. 

Broadly oblong-oval, convex. Black, strongly shining. Head distinctly 
margined, nearly smooth, rugose in front. Thorax with the disk sparsely 
and evenly punctured, the sides and apex with strigose punctures. Elytra 
very finely and sparsely but distinctly punctured near the suture on apical 
third, elsewhere wholly smooth, polished ; external subhumeral short, indis- 
tinct ; humeral finely impressed, not joining the internal subhumeral, which 
is obsolete towards apex ; dorsal striae very fine, the first extending four- 
fifths to apex, second, third and fourth gradually shorter, the fourth arched 
at base and joining the sutural, which is entire. Pygidium and propy- 
gidium finely, densely and evenly punctured. Front tibiae with five or six 
teeth, the apical three broader and more flattened. Length 4.2 mm. 

Described from a single specimen taken from beneath a log on 
the beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, Lake County. July 25. 
It is readily known from sphceroides by its larger size, its polished 
black hue, by having the entire surface of thorax punctured, and 
by the much smaller and more finely punctured space of elytra, 

1194 (3615). Sapeinus seminitens Lee, New Spec. N. A. Col.. 1863, 61. 
Resembles spliwroides but the punctured space of thorax is larger and 

more distinctly strigose on sides and in front; that of elytra is also larger 
with coarser punctures and the sutural stria reaches only two-thirds to apex. 
Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Beneath rubbish and dead fish on beach of Lake Michigan near 
Pine and Millers, Lake County ; scarce. May 14-July 27. Re- 
corded heretofore only from Nebraska, 

1195 (3617). Sapeinus feateenus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 

1825, 40; ibid. II, 266. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black tinged with bronze, subopaque. Thorax 
rather densely punctured, the punctures on sides somewhat strigose, a broad 
triangular space on disk nearly smooth. Elytra everywhere densely punc- 
tured except on a well defined, shining scutellar space which is limited at 

[40—23402] 



624 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERIDiE. 



the sides by the fourth dorsal; internal subhumeral entire, external obso- 
lete; first dorsal long, curved at tip, second, third and fourth gradually 
shorter, extending nearly to middle, fourth joining the sutural, which is 
entire. Front tibiae with seven or eight teeth. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Vigo counties ; common on dead fish and tur- 
tles along the beach of Lake Michigan. Probably occurs on sandy 
beaches throughout the State. April 29 -June 26. 

1196 (3618). Saprinus mancus Say, loc. cit., p. 41; ibid. II, 267. 
Resembles fraternus in form, color and size. Thorax rather densely 

punctured over its entire surface. Elytra densely, strigosely punctured, 
the scutellar mirror ill-defined and sometimes almost obliterated; sutural 
stria basal, extending to middle only. Front tibiae with six teeth. Length 
2.8-4 mm. 

Occurs with the preceding along the beach of Lake Michigan, 
but much less common. May 20-June 25. 

1197 (3620). Saprinus fitchii Mars., Mon. Hist, 1862, 494. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Black, distinctly bronzed, shining. Thorax with 

a broad space at sides and apex coarsely punctured, finely strigose near 
margin; base narrowly and coarsely punctured; disk smooth, polished. 
Elytra everywhere densely and coarsely punctured except a well defined 
scutellar mirror; first dorsal nearly entire; second and third shorter, in- 
distinct ; fourth very short, curved at base ; sutural entirely absent. Length 
2.8-3.2 mm. 

Lake County; rare. Five specimens were taken from beneath 
the carcass of a dead hen near Hammond. May 27. 

1198 (3625). Saprinus patruelis Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, V, 1845, 76, 

pi. VI, fig. 2. 

Broadly oval, robust. Surface shining, with a bluish-green or slightly 
bronzed lustre. Thorax with a narrow band of coarse punctures along the 
sides and apex, distant from margin except at base ; disk smooth. Elytra 
very coarsely and sparsely punctured on apical half, the punctures extend- 
ing along the suture two-thirds to base ; humeral oblique, fine and long, not 
uniting with the short internal subhumeral; dorsal stride subequal, reaching 
slightly beyond the middle, the fourth arched to join the sutural, which is 
entire. Front tibia* with six teeth, the apical three much coarser. Length 
3-4.2 mm. 

Take. Starke. Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. May 13-Sep- 
tember 20. 

IX. Plegaderus Erichs. 1834. (Gr., "a blow + neck.") 

Small oblong species having a broad prosternum with a deep 
channel on each side extending from the lobe to the tip, and also a 
broad transverse groove which divides the median convex portion of 
the prosternum into two unequal portions. The thorax has a deep 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



625 



groove on each side and also, usually, a transverse impression which 
divides it into two unequal parts. Of the nine species known from 
the United States, one has been taken in Indiana, while another 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PLEGADEKUS. 

a. Elytra with strigose confluent punctures. ■ 1199. transversus. 

a a. Elytra with coarse rounded punctures ; body beneath coarsely and rather 
closely punctate. sayi. 

1199 (3633). Plegaderus transversus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

V, 1825, 45 ; ibid. II, 270. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Brownish-black, moderately shining. Tho- 
rax slightly broader than long, the side margins convex with a narrow and 
deep marginal stria on outer side and a deep lateral groove on inner ; the 
disk divided unequally by a moderately impressed transverse groove, the 
front portion smaller and more closely punctured than the hinder. Elytra 
with elongate, confluent punctures and a short, moderately impressed, 
oblique humeral stria. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. 

Taken in small numbers by Woleott from beneath the bark of 
the Norway pine, near Clarke Junction, Lake County, and Dune 
Park, Porter County. June 27-July 23. Occurs from Canada to 
Texas. 

P. sayi Mars., brownish, length 1.5 mm., is recorded from the 
''Middle States." 

X. Teretrius Erichs. 1834. (Or., "cylindrical + form. ") 

Small subcylindrical beetles having the presternum emarginate 
at tip, receiving the mesosternum, the tibiae toothed. Three species 
are known from the United States, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

1200 (3640). Teretrius americanus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XI, 

1859, 316. 

Oblong, subcylindrical. Piceous-black, shining, the narrow margin of 
elytra reddish. Thorax longer than wide, finely punctured ; marginal stria 
entire but fine and very close to the margin. Elytra without stria?, sparsely 
and rather coarsely punctured, the punctures coarser at base; truncate at 
apex. Front tibiae with five or six fine teeth. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Dubois and Posey counties; rare. May 5-May 14. Taken be- 
neath the bark of soft maple and by sifting rotten debris. Widely 
distributed but scarce. 

XI. Bacanius Lee. 1853. (Gr., "radish seed.") 

Minute brownish-red species possessing, the characters given in 
generic key and having the first joint of antenna} gradually thicker 
to tip, second joint broader than long, third longer than the two 



626 



FAMILY XXV. HISTERlDyE. 



following ; prosternum broader than long, truncate at tip ; mesoster- 
num truncate ; front tibia? dilated and two-toothed. Six species are 
listed from the United States, two of which have been taken in In- 
diana, while another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BACANIUS. 

a. Pro- and mesosterna smooth or very sparsely punctured; elytra! punc- 
tures simple, rounded. 
6. Subhumeral and first dorsal striae of elytra both entire, the latter not 
arching at base ; pygidium very minutely punctulate. miselltts. 
lil). Subhumeral striae abbreviated at apex, first dorsal short ; pygidium 
distinctly punctured. 1201. tantitxtjs. 

aa. Pro- and mesosterna coarsely punctate; first dorsal striae entire, broadly 
arching at base ; elytral punctures elongate, substrigose. 

1202. PUNCTIFOEMiS; 

B. misellus Lee. brownish-red, length .8 mm., is recorded from 
"the Middle States region." 

1201 (3645). Bacanies tantilltjs Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1853, 

291. 

Broadly oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax distinctly 
but not densely punctured. Elytra more coarsely punctured than thorax : 
the subhumeral stria abbreviated at base and apex. Pygidium strongly in- 
dexed, rather coarsely and distinctly punctured. Length 1-1.2 mm. 

Monroe Comity ; scarce. June 0. Sifted from debris of beech 
stump. Larger and less convex than the next species. 

1202 (3646). Bacaxies pexctiformis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

1853. 288. 

Rounded-oval, subglobose. Dark brownish-red. moderately shining. Tho- 
rax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with dense aciculate. elongate 
punctures. Length 0.75 mm. 

Marion. Putnam. Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. March 
25-July 4. Taken while sifting in early spring and also beneath 
bark of half decayed elm logs. Probably more common than indi- 
cated, but overlooked on account of minute size. 

XII. Ackitus Lee, 1853. (Gr., < l indistinguishable.") 

The species of this genus are very minute and may be known by 
the four-jointed hind tarsi and distinct scutellum. As in the two 
preceding and the following genera, the scape of the antenna? is 
lodged, when at rest, in a deep groove in front of the eye. Eleven 
species are listed from the United States, two of which have been 
taken in Indiana. 



THE HISTER BEETLES. 



627 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACBITUS. 

a. Thorax without a row of punctures across the base. 1203. exigutjs. 
0(7. Thorax with a row of punctures across the base; prosternum much 
longer than wide, its striae not more divergent in front than at base. 

1204. STRIGOSUS. 

1203 (3649). Acritus exigutjs Erichs., Jahrb., 1834, 208. 

Broadly oblong-oval, slightly convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining. 
Thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra more coarsely but 
not more densely punctured than thorax, the marginal stria rather deep, 
entire. Prosternum more than twice as long as wide, its surface with very 
few punctures. Front tibia? slender. Length 1 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent beneath bark of elm and other 
logs. Gregarious and probably hibernates. April 9-November 22. 

1204 (3654). Acritus stbigosds Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1853, 289. 
Rounded-oval, moderately convex. Dark brown, shining. Thorax sparsely 

and rather finely punctured, the basal row of punctures slightly curved and 
not extending on either side beyond the middle of the base of elytra. Ely- 
tra coarsely punctured, less distinctly on basal third. Metasternum coarsely 
and rather sparsely punctured. Length 0.8 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. Taken by H. Morrison from the sides 
of a bridge abutment on which they had alighted to bask in the sun- 
shine ; also by sifting. April 23-November 8. 

XIII. deletes Horn. 1873. 

The species of this genus are separated from those of Acritus ' 
only by the absence of a scutelium. In such minute forms this 
character is very difficult to distinguish except under very high 
power. Four species are known from the United States, two of 
which have been taken in Indiana. 

1205 (3657). .33letes politus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1853, 290. 
Rounded-oval, convex. Brown, shining, surface wholly devoid of punc- 
tures. Prosternum twice as long as wide ; mesosternum with longitudinal 
grooves. Length 0.8 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Occurs beneath bark and in 
dead leaves and other rubbish about the base of trees where it may 
be taken by sifting. April 9-November 28. 

1206 (3660). JSletes simplex Lee, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., V. 1845. 84. 
Oval, moderately convex. Reddish-brown, shining. Thorax and ely- 
tra very sparsely and finely punctured, the former with a basal row of 
coarser punctures the middle ones of which are linear or sulciform. Pro- 
sternum nearly as broad as long. Meso- and metasterna smooth, the suture 
coarsely punctate. Length 1 mm. 



628 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULID-E 



Putnam County : rare. April 1 i . Sifted from debris near a 
hillside spring. 

Family XXVI. XIT1DULIDJE. 
The Sap-feedixg Beetles. 

This is a family of medium size, comprising small and usually 
somewhat flattened beetles. In most species the thorax has wide, 
thin side margins and the elytra are often truncate at apex, thus 
leaving the end of the abdomen exposed. In food habits they Vary 
much, a few being found on flowers and others on fungi or carrion. 
The great majority, however, feed on the sap or .juices of various 
trees and fruits, especially that which has begun to ferment or sour. 
They can be found in numbers in early spring wherever sap exudes 
from trees, especially those of maple. 

Dury says that he has trapped hundreds by laying chips on top 
of a freshly cut maple stump. Under these chips, in a day or two. 
were congregated twenty or more species and hundreds of indi- 
viduals. A mixture of vinegar with brown sugar or molasses will 
also attract them if spread on a log in the woods and then covered 
with chips. In late summer and early autumn certain species, es- 
pecially those of //■-•. are often found in or under partially decayed 
apples, pears or melons. They are therefore to be classed as in- 
noxious, rather than either beneficial or harmful in habit ; though 
the larva? of the genera Ips. Carpophilus and Rhizopliagus have 
been shown to be. in part at least, carnivorous, subsisting upon the 
soft bodied larvae of 3ther beetles which live under bark. 

The name Xitidula. applied by Fabricius to the typical genus, 
is very inappropriate for the family, since it literally means sinning 
or elegant, whereas the great majority of the species are clothed 
with a fine pubescence which does not permit of their shining to any 
great extent. 

The principal characters distinguishing the Xitidu- 
lida? are : Antenna? 11- rarely 10- jointed, terminating 
in a round or oval club of three, rarely two. joints and 
inserted under the margin of the front: thorax with 
base sometimes closely uniting with that of elytra. 
Fig. 237. Mtiduk. sometimes passing over the base of the latter (Fig. 
JennfaSwe^ 237) ; elytra usually truncate, sometimes entire: front 
wood) coxae transverse, separated, not prominent: middle 

and hind coxae transverse, flat, widely separated, the latter extend- 
ing almost to the margin of the body ■ abdomen with five free ven- 




THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES, 



tral segments; legs short, somewhat stout, retractile or partly so; 
tarsi short, usually dilated arid hairy beneath, usually five-jointed, 
with the fourth joint very small, rarely four- or three- jointed. 

Practically the only available paper treating of the North Amer- 
ican species of the family is that of 

Horn. — -"Revision of the Nitidulidas of the United States," in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII, 1870, 267-336. 

About 120 species of the family, divided among 32 genera, are 
known from North America. Of these 49 species, belonging to 22 
genera, have been taken in Indiana. For convenience the family 
was first divided by Horn into eight tribes, seven of which are rep- 
resented in the collection at hand. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF NITIDULlDvE. 

a. Antennae 11-jointecl, ending in a three-jointed club;* all the tarsi similar 
in both sexes. 
1). Tarsi 5-jointed. 

c. Labrum free, more or less visible ; color rarely shining black. 
d. Maxillae with two lobes ; antennal club elongate, loose. 

Tribe I. Beachyptekini, p. 629. 
dd. Maxillae with one lobe; antennal club rounded, compact. 
e. Thorax not margined at base ; head horizontal. 
f . Abdomen with two or three segments exposed. 

Tribe II. Carpophilini, p. 631. 
ff. Abdomen wholly covered or with but one segment exposed. 

Tribe III. Nitidttlini, p. 635. 
ce. Thorax margined at base, covering the base of elytra ; head 
more or less bent downward. 

Tribe IV. Cychramini, p. 645. 
cc. Labrum united with the front or lower part of face ; color usually 
shining black or piceous with reddish or yellow markings. 

Tribe VI. Ipini, p. 648. 
&&. Tarsi four-jointed; body contractile; thorax margined at base, cover- 
ing the base of elytra. Tribe V. Cybocephalini, p. 647. 
aa. Antennae 10-jointed, the club two-jointed ; hind tarsi of males 4-jointed. 

Tribe VII. Rhyzophagini, p. 650. 

Tribe I. BRACHYPTERINI. 

The members of this tribe occur usually on flowers and have 
the antennal club gradually formed and not of compact construc- 
tion ; maxilla? with two lobes ; labrum distinct, usually small, often 
deeply emarginate. The males have a small additional apical dorsal 
segment. Four genera constitute the tribe, two of which are rep- 
resented in Indiana. 



*In some species of Cercus the club has but two joints. 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIB IXLIDiE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRACHYPTERINI. 

a. Tarsal claws distinctly toothed at base. I. Brachypterus. 

or/. Tarsal claws simple or very nearly so. II. Cercus. 

T. Brachypterus Kug. 1794. (Gr.. short + wing.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi- 
ana by one species, which was probably introduced from Europe. 

1207 (3661). Brachypterus uRTiaas Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 235. 

Oval, convex. Piceons with a tinge of bronze, shining and very sparse- 
ly pubescent; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as 
wide as long, convex, coarsely and rather densely punctured; sides curved 
and feebly sinuate near base. Elytra a little more coarsely but less densely 
punctured than thorax, truncate at apex. Length 2 mm. 

Steuben. Marshall and Wayne counties; scarce. May 25— July 
15. Occurs usually on flowers of nettle, whence the specific name: 
also sifted from sphagnum moss. 

II. Cercus Latr. 1796. (Gr.. "tail of a beast.") 

Two species represent this genus in the eastern United States, 
both of which occur in Indiana. 

1208 (3664). Cercus abdominalis Erichs., Germ. Zeits.. IV. 1843, 229. 
Oval, convex. Metallic blue or greenish, shining; legs and abdomen 

red; antennae reddish-brown, the club piceous. three-jointed. Thorax con- 
vex, one-third wider than long, rather coarsely and evenly, but not densely 
punctate; base a little wider than apex, hind angles rectangular. Elytra, 
together, a little longer than wide, rather more coarsely punctured than the 
thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, April 11-July 6. Occurs on 
flowers of blood root (Sanguinaria) in early spring and later on 
foliage of various shrubs and trees, especially those in low ground. 

1209 (3665). Cercus pennatus Murr., Trans. Linn. Soc, XXIV. 235. 
Oval, subconvex. Light brownish-yellow to piceous. feebly shining. 

sparsely pubescent. Antennal club two-jointed. Thorax nearly twice as 
wide as long, apex feebly emarginate, sides regularly curved and hind an- 
gles obtuse in male ; sinuate behind and hind angles distinct in female ; disk 
convex, rather densely punctate. . Elytra, together, longer than wide, apex 
rounded-truncate, surface rather coarsely but not densely punctate. Length 
2.3 mm. 

Steuben. Whitley, Marion and Jackson counties; scarce. June 
19- July 19. Occurs on flowers of elder and wild hydrangea. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLE?. 



Tribe II. CARP0PII1L1NI. 

Small oval or elongate subdepressed species having the antenna' 
ending in an abrupt 3-jointed club and, in repose, received in dis- 
tinct grooves. Males with a small sixth dorsal segment attached to 
the abdomen. The species live on flowers or rarely beneath bark. 
Of the four genera composing the tribe, three are represntecl in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF CARPOPHILINI. 

a. Form not especially elongate ; last ventral segment not long and conical. 
Z>. Second and third ventral segments short, first, fourth and fifth longer. 

III. Carpophiias. 

hb. First to fourth ventral segments short, fifth as long as the others 
united. IV. Colastus. 

aa. Form elongate; last ventral segment long 
and conical. V. Conotelus. 

III. Carpophilus Stephens. 1830. 
( Gt. . ' £ fruit -»• loving. ' ' ) 

The members of this genus have the 
labrum bilobed; club of antennae flat- 
tened and oval; tarsi dilated, with sim- 
ple claws. About 15 species are known 
from the United States, seven of which 
have been taken in Indiana, while one or 
two others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARPOPHILUS. 

a. Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded or very obtuse. 

&. Thorax narrowed in front, its front angles rounded ; elytra piceous, 
with yellow basal and apical spaces. 1210. hemipterus. 

1)1). Thorax quadrate, its front angles distinct. 1211. dimidiatus. 

aa. Hind angles of thorax distinct but sometimes retracted. 

c. Elytra wholly different in color from head and thorax ; surface finely 
and densely punctured. 1212. melanopterus. 

cc. Elytra, at least in part, of same hue as head and thorax. 
d. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base. 

e. Sides of thorax curved ; surface opaque, piceous or black. 

1213. NIGER. 

ee. Sides straight ; surface feebly shining, dark reddish-brown. 

MARGINATUM. 

dd. Thorax subquadrate, not or very feebly narrower at apex. 

f. Surface densely punctured, opaque. 1214. corticinus. 
ff. Surface sparsely or inconspicuously punctured, moderately shin- 
ing. 

g. Elytra uniform piceous or nearly black ; prosternum in front 
nearly smooth. 1215. brachypterus. 




Fig. 238. Carpophilus paUiperniis Say. 
X 11. (After Forbes.) 



632 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULIDiE. 




gg. Elytra bicolored, the base reddish-brown, apex piceous ; pro- 
sternum in front densely and rather coarsely punctured. 

1216. ANTIQUUS. 

1210 (3672). Caepophilus hemipterus Linn., Syst. Nat, I, 1766, 565. 

Oblong. Piceous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent ; 
elytra each with a humeral spot and large irregular 
apical space dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax one-third 
wider than long, narrowed at apex, sides feebly curved, 
hind angles obtuse; surface sparsely punctured at 
middle, more densely near sides. Elytra and abdo- 
men above and below sparsely and finely punctate. 
Prosternuin coarsely and sparsely punctured. Length 
4 mm. (Fig. 239.) 
Fig. 239. X 6*. -r> n + v r o k 

(After Smith.) Posey County ; rare. May 25. 

1211 (3674). Caepophilus dimidiatus Fab., Ent. Syst., I. 1795, 261. 

Oblong, moderately robust. Pale brownish-yellow to piceous ; feebly 
shining, sprrsely pubescent. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides curved 
on apical third, thence nearly straight to base, hind angles obtuse, surface 
rather densely punctured, more so on sides. Elytra together longer than 
wide, more sparsely and finely punctured than thorax. Abdomen above and 
below finely and sparsely punctured. Prosternum coarsely and densely 
punctured. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Wells and Vigo counties; rare. July 21-September 23. Taken 
on rotten melon. 

1212 (3675). Carpophilus melanopterus Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV. 

1843, 262. 

Oval, moderately robust. Uniform pale reddish-yellow, above and be- 
low, except the elytra, which are black or piceous. Thorax one-third wider 
than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, hind angles small, re- 
tracted; disk convex, together with the elytra rather finely and densely 
punctured. Prosternum coarsely but not densely punctured. Length 4 
4.5 mm. 

A southwestern species, collected in Marshall and Putnam coun- 
ties; scarce. June 4— October 15. 

1213 (3678). Caepophilus Niger Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei.. III. 

1823, 195 : ibid. II, 124. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Uniform brownish-black or piceous, sparsely 
pubescent ; legs, scape of antennae and abdomen reddish-brown. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, sides regularly curved, hind angles rectangular : 
disk, as well as that of elytra, slightly flattened, densely punctured. Hu- 
meral angles of elytra prominent. Length 3.5-4.2 mm. 

Steuben and Vigo counties, scarce ; at sap of soft maple. Prob- 
ably occurs throughout the State. June 18-September 22. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



1214 (3GS0). Carpophilus corticinus Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV, 1843, 

263. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Piceoiis, feebly shining, minutely alutaceous, 
sparsely pubescent; legs and antennae dark reddish-brown. Thorax one- 
half wider than long, as broad at apex as at base, sides feebly curved, hind 
angles rectangular; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely but 
not coarsely punctured. Prosternum densely and rather coarsely punc- 
tured. Length 3 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. April 4-October 17. Resem- 
bles a small niger but known by the form of thorax and more shin- 
ing- surface. Taken from beneath leaves of mullein and beaten 
from flowers of linn. 

G. marginatus Erichs.. length 1.5-2 mm., with sides of thorax 
and elytra continuous, has been taken near Cincinnati. 

1215 (3681). Carpophilus brachypterus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., V, 1825, 183 ; ibid. II, 288. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, very finely and sparsely pubes- 
cent; legs and antenme reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as wide as 
long, apex and base equal, sides moderately curved, punctures of the disk 
rather coarse and not dense, those of sides finer and denser. Surface of 
elytra more finely punctured than thorax. Prosternum nearly smooth. 
Length 2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-October 17. Oc- 
curs on flowers of cherry, apple, black haw and other shrubs and at 
sap. Resembles the preceding, but distinguished by its smaller and 
broader form and smooth prosternum. 

1216 (3683). Carpophilus antiqtjus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 105. 

Oblong. Piceous, moderately shining; base of elytra reddish-brown, 
gradually passing to piceous. Thorax one-third wider than long, base and 
apex equal, sides feebly curved, hind angles rectangular; surface sparsely 
punctured at middle, more finely and densely on sides. Surface of elytra 
coarsely but sparsely punctate. Prosternum coarsely and rather densely 
punctured on sides. Hind tibiae of males suddenly dilated at apical half. 
Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Southern half of State ; common. Hibernates beneath mullein 
and rubbish in fence corners. Taken by sifting in early spring; 
also at sap. March 17-December 7. 

IV. Colastus Erichs. 1843. (Gr., "to mutilate.") 

The members of this genus are broadly oval or oblong, strongly 
flattened and sparsely pubescent beetles, which live beneath bark 
and feed upon sap. The males have the last ventral segment emar- 



634 



FAMILY XXVI. XITIDULIDJE. 



ginate and a small additional segment visible. Five are known 
from the eastern United States, all of which may occur in Indiana, 
though but three have as yet been taken. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF COLASTUS. 

(7. Hind angles of thorax distinct. 
6. Scntellum smooth at tip. 
c. Form broadly oval. 
d. Thorax with an oblique pit or fovea in each hind angle. 

1217. MORIO. 

dd. Thorax without fovea; elytra each with four reddish spots. 

MACULATES. 

vc. Form oblong, much depressed : elytra dull yellow, the sides and 
apex narrowly piceous. 121S. semitectus. 

bh. Scntellum densely punctured; color uniformly piceous. uxicolok. 
aa. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rounded; form oblong-oval, depressed. 

1219. TRUNCATES. 

1217 (3685). Colastus moeeo Eriehs.. Germ. Zeitschr.. IV. 1843, 242. 
Broadly oval, depressed. Piceous black, shining, sparsely pubescent: 

under surface piceous; antennae and legs reddish-brown, the club darker. 
Head coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
long, sides broadly curved, apex emarginate ; base Insinuate, twice as wide 
as apex; disk coarsely and rather closely punctured, with a vague depres- 
sion each side of scutellum and a distinct oblique one near each hind angle. 
Elytra together wider than long, with somewhat irregular rows of coarse, 
close-set punctures. Length 4-5 mm. 

Putnam County: rare. March 6. Taken from under surface 
of hickory slab. 

1218 (3687). Colastes semitectus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V. 

1825, 1S2; ibid. II, 288. 

Elongate-oval, much depressed. Piceous. moderately shining: elytra 
dull reddish-yellow, narrowly piceous on sides and apex. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, apex narrower than base, surface coarsely but not densely 
punctate. Elytra rather densely punctate, the punctures near suture in ill- 
defined rows. Prosternum very sparsely punctate. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Lake. Crawford and Posey counties: scarce. May 21-July 3. 

1219 (3689). Colastus truxcatus Rand.. Best. Jour. Nat. Hist.. IT. 1838, 18. 
Oval, slightly oblong, strongly depressed. Dull reddish-brown: head 

usually piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, 
width of apex equal to length, disk feebly convex ; surface, as well as that 
of elytra, rather densely punctate. Apex of elytra broadly emarginate- 
truncate. Prosternum nearly smooth. Length 2-2.: 5 mm. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



685 



Starke, Marshall, Marion and Clark counties; scarce. April 9- 
July 30. Occurs in spring at sap of maple and other trees; in 
summer on flowers. 

C. maculatiis Brichs., -and G. unicoior Say, both 4.5 mm. in 
length and piceous in hue. are of wide distribution in the Atlantic 
region. The first named has been taken at Cincinnati. 

V. Conotelus Eriehs. 1843. (Gr., "cone + end.") 

The members of this genus have an elongate form, and resemble 
those of Trogophlmis of the Staphylimdw. This is due to the ab- 
domen being much elongated, three joints being exposed above. 
Beneath, the first two segments are short and equal; the third and 
fourth are of equal length, each as long as the first two together; 
fifth elongate, flattened conical, longer than the preceding two 
together. The males have the terminal dorsal segment truncate 
and feebly emarginate. with a small additional segment exposed. 
Three species are known from the United States, one of which, oc- 
curs in Indiana. 

1220 (3692). Conotelvs obscurus Eriehs.. Germ. Zeits., IV, 1S43, 252. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Black or piceous. opaque, sparsely pubescent ; 
legs and antennae brownish-yellow, the club piceous. Thorax one-third 
wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, hind angles obtusely rounded; 
surface finely rugulose, sparsely punctate. Elytra together nearly square, 
usually less black than thorax, surface finely granular, with numerous 
irregular rows of obsolete punctures. Length 3.5—1 mm. 

Tippecanoe. Putnam. Marion, Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce. 
June 15— July 15. Occurs on flowers of dogwood (Comus) and 
hollyhock. 

Tribe III. NITIDULIXI. 

This tribe is the largest of the family and is composed of 
elliptical, usually depressed and often widely margined, species. 
The elytra cover the entire abdomen or leave only the pygidium 
exposed. Its members live on sap. on flowers, in fungi, under bark 
or on dried animal matter. Twelve genera comprise the tribe, nine 
of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NITIDULINI. 

a. Prosternum depressed behind the front coxae, not prolonged. 

h. Tarsi very distinctly dilated on all the feet: tips of elytra usually 
Truncate. 

c. Apical segment of abdomen usually exposed; elytra without eosta* 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULID/E. 



or rows of punctures ; autennal grooves strongly convergent. 
d. Labrum bilobed ; males with a sixth dorsal segment ; length 
2-4.7 mm. VI. Epur^a. 

dd. Labrum feebly emarginate ; males without sixth segment ; length 
3.5-5.5 mm. VII. Nitidula. 

cc. Abdomen wholly covered; elytra with either costa? or rows of punc- 
tures; antennal grooves parallel, passing directly backwards; 
length 2.3 mm. VIII. Stelidota. 

l)l>. Tarsi not dilated or very feebly so; tips of elytra rounded, wholly 
covering the abdomen. 
e. Mentum broad, covering the base of the maxillae ; margin of thorax 
and elytra very wide and flat, translucent ; length 5-6 mm. 

IX. Prometopia. 

ee. Mentum not covering the maxilla?. 
f. Front not lobed over the antenna?. 
g. Elytra subcostate ; mandibles with tip slightly bifid; length 
more than 5.5 mm: X. Phenolia. 

gg. Elytra without trace of costse ; mandibles not bifid at tip ; 
length less than 4 mm. XI. Omosita. 

ff. Front lobed over the insertion of antenna? ; margin of thorax and 
elytra as in Prometopia; length 4-5 mm. XII. Soronia. 

aa. Prosternum elevated behind the front coxa?, often prolonged. 

h. Mesosternum not carinate; body oval or rounded, convex, pubescent; 
tarsi not dilated ; length 3-4 mm. XIII. Pocadius. 

hli. Mesosternum carinate; body oblong, subdepressed ; tarsi all dilated; 
length 2-2.5 mm. XIV. Meligethes. 

VI. Epurtka JErichs. 1843. (Gr.. "upon + tail.) " 

This is the largest genus of the family and is composed of small 
depressed species very difficult to separate. They have the labrum 
bilobed; antenna? with an abrupt 3-jointed club and elytra either 
truncate or entire. The males possess an additional anal segment, 
and often have the middle and hind tibia? dilated at tip. They 
must be mounted with legs spread and the hind coxae visible, else 
they cannot be classified at all. Horn divides the species into three 
groups, two of which are represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF EPURyEA. 

a. Middle tibia? dissimilar in the two sexes, that of the male sinuate 
within and thickened at tip ; that of the female slender. Group A. 
aa. Middle tibia? similar in the two sexes, slender ; hind tibia? of both sexes 
similar and slender. Group B. 

Gkoup A. 

The greatest number and the largest of our species belong here. 
In the male the middle tibia? are sinuate on the inner margin, the 
apex being prolonged inward to a greater or less extent. The fol- 
lowing species have been taken or probably occur in the State : 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. <> ; > ' 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Process of abdomen between tbe hind coxae broad, truncate. 

&. Sides of thorax moderately curved, gradually broader to base; form 
broadly oval, color yellow ; length 4-4.5 mm. hoenii. 
bb. Sides of thorax strongly curved, at base narrowed or sinuate, hind 
angles acute; color dark reddish-brown. 
c. Form broadly oval ; elytra narrower at tips. 1221. helvola. 

cc. Form more oblong ; elytra scarcely narrowed at tips. 1222. rufa. 
aa. Process of abdomen between the hind coxae narrow, acute ; metasternum 
usually acutely notched behind for its reception; elytra truncate at 
tip. 

d. Form oblong-oval. 

e. Middle tibire of male strongly sinuate within, the inward prolonga- 
tion of tip well marked. 
/. Thorax broadest at base, hind angles rectangular; color pale 
reddish-yellow. 1223. erichsonii. 

//. Thorax slightly narrowed at base. 

g. Sides of thorax simply curved; hind angles not prominent; 
color uniform dull reddish-yellow. 1224. rufida. 

gg. Sides of thorax sinuate near hind angles, which are rather 
acute; color dull reddish-brown, the disk of elytra clouded 
with- fuscous. 1225. corticina. 

ee. Middle tibiae of male feebly sinuate, the tips merely thickened. 

h. Color reddish-yellow; sides of thorax obliquely narrowed near 
the base. avara. 
7/7/. Color pale yellow; sides of thorax slightly curved near the base. 

i. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, margin not flattened. 

FULVESCENS. 

ii. Hind angles acute and prominent, margins flattened and re- 

flexed. 1226. DURYI. 

del. Form elongate-parallel ; color piceous, feebly shining ; thorax sinuate 
behind. 1227. truncatella. 

E. hornii Crotch is known from Grimsby, Canada, and probably 
occurs in northern Indiana, 



1221 (3696). Epur^a helvola Erichs., Germ. Zeits., IV, 1843, 273. 

Broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent ; 
the margins often paler. Thorax rather more than twice as wide as 
long, apex deeply emarginate ; sides strongly curved, slightly narrowing at 
base, hind angles subacute ; margin broadly flattened, slightly reflexed ; 
surface, as well as that of elytra, finely granulate, rather densely punctate. 
Elytra oval, together a little longer than wide, margin reflexed. Length 
3 mm. 

Steuben, Laporte, Lawrence, Vigo and Crawford counties, fre- 
quent; probably throughout the State. May 26-August 11. Oc- 
curs in summer in decaying fleshy fungi ; in spring at sap. 



638 



FA MILY XXVI. NITIDULID.E. 



1222 (3697). Epub/tca btjfa, Jourii. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1825, 180; 

ibid. II, 2SG. 

Resembles helvola in color and size, and often confounded with that 
species. It is, however, more oblong, with longer elytra, which are scarcely 
narrowed from base to apex and very narrowly margined. Thoracic mar- 
gins not at all reflexed. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 6-October 17. Occurs 
in early spring beneath leaves, mullein and other rubbish, from 
whence it is taken by sifting; also at sap and in fungi. 

1223 (3700). Epuilea ebichsonii Reitter, Verhandl. Nat. Yerein. 1874, 35. 
Oblong-oval. Dull clay yellow, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubes- 
cence. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, 
apex feebly emarginate ; sides feebly curved and subparallel behind, mar- 
gin slightly reflexed; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely and 
coarsely punctate. Elytra one-third longer than wide, slightly narrower 
to apex. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, March 31 -August 25. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Occurs beneath bark and at sap in early spring ; 
later on flowers of huckleberry and other marsh plants. 

1224 (3701). Epub,ea bufida Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II, 1S44. 

106. 

Oblong-oval. Dull reddish-yellow. Thorax less than twice as wide as 
long, slightly narrower- at apex than base; sides moderately curved, nar- 
rowed obliquely for a short distance in front of base, hind angles rectangu- 
lar ; margins rather widely flattened, slightly reflexed; surface, as well as 
that of elytra, densely punctured. Elytra one-half longer than wide, sides 
parallel in front, slightly curved and narrowing on apical third. Length 
3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. April 11-July 11. Occurs 
beneath bark of oak and on flowers of linden. 

1225 (3703). Epue^ea cobticina Erichs.. Germ. Zeitsch.. IV, 1S43. 270. 
Oblong-oval. Dull reddish-brown; disks of thorax and elytra clouded 

with darker; legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides rather 
strongly curved, sinuate near base : hind angles acute, margin narrowly 
reflexed; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely granulate-punc- 
tate. Elytra one-third longer than wide, sides feebly curved and slightly 
narrower toward the tips. Length 3.5 mm. 

Orange County; rare. September 9. Taken beneath oak bark. 
1 1 Occurs especially in the Gulf States. ' ' 

E. avara Rand., dull reddish-yellow, length 3-3.5 mm., is said to 
occur all over- the United States and Canada, but has not yet been 
noted from Indiana. E. fulvescens Horn, pale yellow, length 
3.-3.5 mm., was described from Canada and is recorded from near 
Cincinnati. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



639 



1226 ( ). Epub.ea dubyi sp. nov. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Uniform pale yellow. 

sparsely pubescent, distinctly shining. Head finely and 
sparsely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, 
widest at middle, the sides thence converging and nearly 
straight to apex, feebly curved to base; disk finely and 
rather sparsely punctate, broadly and shallowly im- 
pressed near the hind angles. Elytra together a little 
longer than wide, tips subtruncate ; disk finely and rather 
sparsely punctate. Abdomen finely granulate-punctate. 
Intercoxal process rather broad, but acute at apex. Length 
3.5-4.7 mm. (Fig. 240.) 

Crawford County: rare. June 27-. June 28. Taken also by 
Chas. Dury near Cincinnati and named in his honor. The largest 
species taken in the State. 

1227 (3709). Epub.ea tbuxcateela Mann.. Bull. Mosc., II, 1846. 514. 
Elongate, parallel. Piceous-brown to nearly black, sparsely pubescent. 

Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly curved and obliquely nar- 
rowed on basal third; hind angles subrectangular. margins narrowly flat- 
tened : surface densely punctate. Elytra slightly narrowed near tips, less 
densely punctured than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lawrence County: rare. April 13. Taken from decaying 

fungi. 

GrBOTJP B. 

In this group the tibiae present no sexual characters whatever. 
Two of the seven species comprising the group have been taken, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GBOEP B. 

a. Process of abdomen between the hind coxa?, broad, obtuse. 

~b. Elytra narrowly margined ; hind femora of male simple ; color dark 
reddish-brown, the margin of thorax yellowish translucent. 

122 S. OVATA. 

hh. Elytra widely margined ; hind femora of male obtusely subangulate ; 
piceous. the elytra each with four paler spots. peltoides. 
an. Process of abdomen triangular, more or less acute; color pale reddish- 
yellow. 1229. i a runs. 

122S (3711). Epub-Ea ovata Horn. Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc. VII. 1S79. 29S. 

Broadly oval. Piceous. moderately shining: margins of thorax and 
elytra paler. Thorax twice as wide as long ; apex narrower than base and 
deeply emarginate; sides strongly curved, suddenly sinuate near the hind 
angles, which are rectangular ; margins widely flattened and moderately 
reflexed ; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather densely punctate. Ely- 
tra very little longer than wide at base : sides curved and gradually nar- 
rowing to the tips, which are rounded : margin narrowly reflexed. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Steuben. Kosciusko. Putnam and Marion counties; scarce. 
[41—23402] 




Fig. 240. X 4. 
(Original) 



640 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULJDiE . 



April 22-June 19. Taken from beneath dead leaves by sifting; 
also beneath bark of beech. Described from Michigan and Canada.' 
Resembles helvola but readily distinguished by the smaller size and 
rounded tips of elytra. 

E. peltoides Horn, 2.5 mm. in length, was described from Michi- 
gan and Maryland. 

1229 ( 3714). Epuk^a labilis Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., IV, 1843, 272. 
Oval. Dull reddish-yellow, rather shining, sparsely pubescent. Tho- 
rax twice as wide as long ; sides regularly curved and gradually narrowing 
from base to apex, which is feebly emarginate; margin narrowly reflexed, 
hind angles rectangular ; surface, as well as that of elytra, coarsely and 
rather densely punctured. Elytra one-third longer than wide, tips trun- 
cate, sides feebly recurved and slightly narrowing behind the middle. Length 
2-2. h mm. 

Throughout the State • frequent. May 16-August 29. Resem- 
bles ericksonii, but smaller and the males distinguished by charac- 
ters given in key. Occurs on flowers of elder, dogwood, etc. 

VII. NittduijA Fab. 1775. (L., " shining or bright.") 

The members of this genus are known as "bone beetles" and 
are distinguished from Epurwa by their larger size and by the 
labrum being feebly emarginate instead of bilobed. They have 
the antennas 11-jo.inted, the club abrupt and 3-jointed; abdominal 
segments 2 to 5 equal, the first very little longer. Three species 
occur in the United States, all of which are found in Indiana. 
The first two have been introduced from Europe. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NITIDULA. 

a. Thorax coarsely and rather densely punctured. 

6. Piceous ; elytra each with a rounded reddish spot on disk. 

1230. BIPUNCTATA. 

66. Piceous ; elytra without spots. 1231. kufipes. 

aa. Thorax sparsely and rather finely punctured ; elytra usually with irregu- 
lar dull yellow spots. 1232. ziczac. 

1230 (3719). Nitidula bipunctata Linn., Fauna Suec, 1758, 148. 

Oval, feebly convex. Piceous black, finely pubes- 
cent: each elytron with a round reddish spot near the 
middle. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, nar- 
rower at apex; margins moderately flattened, hind 
angles nearly rectangular. Elytra together longer than 
wide, rather sparsely and finely punctured. Length 
4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 241.) 

Vigo, Lawrence and Knox counties ; scarce. 
April 15- July 11. Occurs on or beneath bones 
Fig. 24i. x5. and skins of dry carcasses, and probably to be 

(After Smith.) througllout t h e State. 




THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



641 



1231 (3720). Nitidula rufipes Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 1766, 573. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; antennae (ex- 
cept clubs) and legs reddish-brown. Thorax less than twice as wide as 
long, apex but little narrower than base; sides moderately curved, margin 
narrowly flattened; surface, as™ well as that of elytra, densely and rather 
coarsely punctured. Length 3.5^ mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Crawford, Posey and Lawrence counties; frequent. 
March 26-August 7. Occurs with preceding on bones of carrion; 
also on foliage. 

1232 ( 3721). Nitidula ziczac Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

179 ; ibid. II, 285. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; elytra usually with basal 
spots and a median S-shaped spot dull yellow. Thorax a little less than 
twice as wide as long, apex slightly narrower than base ; sides feebly curved, 
surface rather sparsely and finely punctured. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake, Lawrence and Posey counties; rare. April 13-August 7. 
Occurs on dead birds and reptiles. Varies to the elytra wholly de- 
void of spots. 

VIII. Stelidota Erichs. 1843. (Or., ' <a column.") 

The members of this genus resemble those of Epurcea, but have 
the elytra subcostate or with rows of punctures and covering the ab- 
domen, so that, looking from above, no segment of the latter is vis- 
ible. The antennas end in an abrupt club, and when folded back 
repose in rather deep, subocular grooves which are parallel. Three 
species are known, two of which occur in Indiana. 

1233 (3722). Stelidota geminata Say, Joum. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 181 ; ibid. II, 287. 
Oval, narrower behind. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the margins 
paler; elytra with two crossbars of indistinct paler spots, one basal, the 
other behind the middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, broadest at base, 
apex deeply emarginate; sides regularly curved from base to apex, margin 
broad, flattened; hind angles rectangular, disk coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowed to apex; 
tips rounded; disk subcostate, the ridges with a single row of fine punc- 
tures, each bearing a short hair, the grooves closely punctured. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 22-September 23. Oc- 
curs in spring at sap and beneath leaves; in autumn on decaying 
fruit and melons. 

1234 (3723). Stelidota octomaculata Say, loc. cit. 

Resembles the preceding, but a little larger and darker. The thorax 
with sides more curved at base, so that the latter is narrower than a little 



642 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDTLIDJE. 



in front. Elytra with the ridges less distinct, but with the rows of fine 
hair bearing punctures, between which are rows of larger round, shallow 
punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Starke. Marion, Putnam. Crawford and Posey counties; less fre- 
quent than geminata, April 10- June 18. Occurs beneath chips, 
stones and decaying fruit. The spots on elytra are reddish and usu- 
ally located two at base, one on sutural margin near middle, another 
behind the middle and one on tip. 

IX. Prometopia Erichs. 1843. (Gr.. "before + spot. ") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi- 
ana by a single species having the thorax deeply emarginate in front, 
with sides broadly flattened ; mandibles prominent and bifid at tip ; 
antenna? slender, first joint stout, third very long, club elongate- 
oval. 

*1235 (3725). Pbometopia sexmaculata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

V, 1825, 179 ; ibid. II, 285. 
Broadly oval, depressed. Piceous, with the margins, un- 
der parts, an irregular humeral band and a spot on apical 
third of each elytron, pale reddish-brown. Thorax twice as 
wide as long, narrower in front, sides feebly curved, hind 
angles rectangular; disk rather sparsely punctate with 
coarse and fine punctures intermingled. Elytra as wide as 
Fig. 242. x 3i long (male) or longer than wide (female) , the surface sparse- 
(Original.) ly coarse iy punctate. Length 5-6 mm. (Fig. 242.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; much less so in the northern 
counties. Hibernates with the next species beneath logs and bark 
and remains motionless, adhering closely to logs when shelter is re- 
moved ; in spring at sap. January IS-December 20. 

X. Phenoma Erichs. 1843. (Gr.. "a cloak.") 

This genus is also represented over the same range as the pre- 
ceding by a single species, one of the largest of the family. 

*1236 (3726). Phenolia geossa Fab., Syst. Eleut.. I. 1S01, 347. 

Elongate, oval. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra each with seven in- 
distinct reddish spots, arranged one on each side of scutellum, an oblique 
row of three between humerus and suture and a second oblique row of 
three near the middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, apex a little nar- 
rower than base, deeply emarginate ; sides moderately curved, sinuate near 
the hind angles, which are subacute ; surface coarsely but rather sparsely 
punctate. Elytra as wide as thorax : disk feebly costate, each ridge with 
a row of fine punctures bearing a short hair; the grooves with three ill- 
defined rows of punctures. Length 6.5-S mm. 




THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



643 



Throughout the State ; common. Hibernates. January 1-No- 
vember 25. Occurs beneath bark and in fungi. 

XL Omosita Erichs. 1843. (Gr., "wild.") 

To this genus belong two small, piceous beetles, distinguished by 
characters given in generic key. Both occur also in Europe. One 
of them inhabits Indiana. 

1237 (3727). Omosita colon Linn., Faun. Suec, 151. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous, the margins of thorax dull yellow ; elytra each 
with three or four small dull yellow spots on basal half, and a large com- 
mon yellowish space on apical portion enclosing on each side a piceous 
dot. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides regularly curved, sur- 
face somewhat rugose and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 24-October 9. Prob- 
ably hibernates, According to field notes, it was found on flowers 
of skunk cabbage in April • beneath bones and skin of dead calf in 
June and July, and on dry fungi in autumn, so that it may be said 
to be omnivorous in taste. An introduced European species. 

XII. Sokonia Erichs, 1843. (Gr., "old oak.") 

Five species of this genus are listed from the United States. 
Our single species resembles Prometopia sexmaculata in form but is 
smaller, differently colored and the side of the head in front of the 
eyes bears a distinct lobe. 

*1238 (3730). Soronia undulata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci„ V, 
1825, 179 ; ibid. II, 286. 
Broadly oval, depressed. Under surface and margins above dull yel- 
low ; disk of thorax piceous with pale spots ; that of elytra piceous with a 
zigzag band behind the middle and numerous small spots, paler. Thorax 
more than twice as wide as long at middle, narrower in front, apex deeply 
emarginate, sides moderately curved, hind angles obtuse; surface rather 
densely punctured at middle, more sparsely on sides. Elytra slightly wider 
than base of thorax, the disk a little more coarsely punctured. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Lake, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. Hibernates. 
February 25-September 22. Occurs beneath logs in winter, at sap 
in spring and autumn. 

XIII. Pocadius Erichs. 1843. (Gr., "the hair.") 

This genus belongs to that division of the Nitidulini having the 
presternum convex between the front cox*e, the tip with a conical 



644 



FAMILY XXVT. — -NITIDULIDiE. 



protuberance. Head with distinct antennal grooves; tarsi slender 
on all the feet ; the claws simple. Two species are known from the 
United States, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

1239 (3734). Pocadius helyoiajs Erichs., Gerin. Zeitsch., IV, 1843, 320. 
Broadly oval, convex, robust. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubes- 
cent; sides of elytra often darker. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate; base and sides curved, the lat- 
ter narrowly margined; disk convex, coarsely and irregularly punctured. 
Elytra as wide as thorax, tips rounded- truncate ; disk of each with ten 
rows of slightly impressed punctures; intervals with two irregular rows 
of fine punctures, each bearing a short yellowish hair. Length 3^ mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent, April 5-September 1. Oc- 
curs in the "giant puff ball," Lycoperdon giganteum. 

XIV. Meligethes Steph. 1830. (Gr., "honey + rejoice.") 

Small, subdepressed, black or bronzed species, having the labrum 
nearly concealed; antennas with an abrupt 3 ; jointed club; point of 
prosternum enlarged, free and overlapping the mesosternum ; elytra 
truncate at apex, exposing the tip of abdomen. They feed on vari- 
ous flowers, eating the pollen and nectar. Five species are listed 
from the United States, two of which have been taken in Indiana. 
Both have the front tarsi finely toothed and tarsal claws simple. 

1240 (373S). Meligethes jeneus Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, 78. 
Oblong-oval. Head and thorax bronzed; elytra black with a bluish 

tinge, sparsely and finely pubescent; antennae and legs piceous, the front 
tibiae often paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, mar- 
gins narrowly flattened their full length, hind angles obtusely rectangular; 
surface finely and rather densely punctate. Elytra as in the next species ; 
intervals between the punctures not alutaceous. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Monroe and Lawrence counties ; rare. May 11-May 13. Sifted 
from debris of beech stumps. More oblong and less convex than 
mutatus and with the flattened. margins of thorax extending the 
full length instead of only to the basal fourth. M. rufimanus Lee, 
is a synonym. 

1241 (3739). Meligethes mutatus Harold, Col. Heft., IV. 

ruflcornis Lee, Col. Kans., 1859, 6. 
Oval, subdepressed. Black, tinged with bronze, sparsely pubescent. 
Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower in front ; sides moderately curved, 
margin flattened from in front to near the basal fourth; hind angles ob- 
tusely rectangular, disk convex, rather- densely punctured. Elytra one- 
fourth longer than wide, slightly narrowed to apex; rather finely and 
sparsely punctate, the intervals between the punctures finely alutaceous. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. 



THE SAP- FEEDING BEETLES. 



645 



Franklin Connty ; scarce. May 1.3. Occurs on flowers of nettle 
and other plants. 

Tribe IV. CYCHRAMINI. 

Rounded or oval convex species, living mostly in fungi and hav- 
ing the thorax margined at base and covering the base of elytra, 
which in turn cover the abdomen, so as to leave only the tip of the 
terminal segment exposed; head more or less deflexed; labium dis- 
tinct; prosternum more or less prolonged at apex. Four of the 
six genera composing the tribe have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CYCHRAMINI. 

a. Mesosternum protuberant in front ; middle coxse widely separated. 
6. Body glabrous; punctures of elytra in rows; prosternum prolonged, 
broadly dilated at tip, covering entirely the inesosternum. 

XV. PSILOPYGA. 

J)b. Body pubescent; punctures of elytra confused; prosternum less pro- 
longed, feebly dilated at tip, not covering entirely the mesosternum. 

XVI. Amphicrossus. 

aa. Mesostemum small, oblique, not protuberant in front ; middle coxae nar- 
rowly separated. 
c. Body glabrous; hind tarsi longer than the others. 

XVII. Pallodes. 

cc. Body pubescent; all the tarsi equal in length. 

XVIII. Cychramus. 

XV. Psilopyga Lec. 1853. 

Labrum prominent, deeply bilobed ; antennal club abrupt, oval, 
three-jointed, the grooves deep, subocular; base of thorax with a 
short truncate lobe ; scutellum large, broadly triangular ; elytra 
truncate; front tarsi dilated. Males with a small additional seg- 
ment. The genus Psylopyga is said by Dr. Sharp to be distinct 
from Oxycnemus Er. 

1242 (3742). Psilopyga histrina Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 
1853, 287. 

Broadly oval, robust. Black, shining. Head coarse- 
ly punctured. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
long, narrowed in front, apex broadly emarginate; 
base curved, sinuate each side of median lobe; disk 
sparsely, rather finely punctured, with a double row 
of larger punctures near the apex. Elytra as broad 
as long, each with ten rows of rather coarse punc- 
tures; intervals slightly convex, sparsely and irregu- 
larly punctate. Length 5 mm. (Fig. 241a.) 

Montgomery County ; rare. July 4. Occurs Rg - 241a - (After Hom) 
in the stink-horn fungus. 




646 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULIDiE. 



1243 (3743). Psilopyga nigeipennis Lee, N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 64. 
Form of histrina. Reddish-yellow ; elytra alone black, shining. Disk 

of thorax more sparsely and less coarsely punctured than in Mst?*ina, with- 
out coarse punctures near apex. Elytral stride less deep, the punctures 
smaller ; intervals flat. Length 4^1.5 mm. 

Montgomery County; rare. July 4. Both this and the pre- 
ceding were taken by Earl Grimes of Russellville, Indiana, from 
the same stink-horn fungus. As stated by Horn, this may prove 
to be but a variety of histrina. Both resemble species of Bister 
very closely and are usually placed with that genus by beginners. 

XVI. Amphicrossus Erichs. 1843. (Gr., "on both sides + 

fringe. ") 

Oval, brownish or piceous species having the labrum bilobed; 
front tarsi distinctly dilated, hind ones simple ; claws not toothed. 
One species occurs in the State. 

1244 ( 3744). Amphiceossus ciliatus Oliv., Encyc. Meth., VIII, 210. 
Broadly oval. Piceous, subopaque, pubescent; thorax with margins 

and a spot in front of scutellum paler ; elytra each with three paler spots 
at base and sometimes a fourth near apex; legs yellowish. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, apex deeply emarginate; 
sides feebly curved, hind angles broadly rounded; surface rather closely 
punctate. Elytra as long as wide, surface more finely and less densely 
punctured than thorax. Males with a small tuft of stiff hairs, resembling 
a spine, near the middle of the suture. Length 3.5^.5 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Knox counties; frequent, April 7-Sep- 
tember 21. Occurs at sap in spring; on flowers of Eupatorium and 
allied plants in autumn. 

XVII. Pallodes Erichs. 1843. (Gr., "a ball + like.") 

In this genus the presternum is but slightly prolonged and not 
dilated at tip ; mandibles bifid ; front and middle tarsi dilated. But 
one species is known. 

1245 (3747). Pallodes pallidus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 157. 
Oval, convex. Dull reddish-brown, shining; elytra somewhat irides- 
cent. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front, 
apex emarginate, sides curved, hind angles rectangular; surface sparsely 
and finely punctate. Scutellum large, sparsely punctate. Elytra longer 
than wide, each with nine rows of fine punctures ; intervals each with a 
single row of very fine ones. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent on fleshy fungi. May 2-Sep- 
tember 29. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



647 



XVIII. Cychbamus Kug. 1794. (Gr., "name of a bird.") 

The members of this genus resemble those of Amphicrossus in 
form and pubescent surface, but differ in having the labrum feebly 
emarginate instead of bilobed; prosternum not prolonged at tip; 
metasternum bent upwards at tip between the coxae, but not protu- 
berant; thorax not lobed at middle of base and seutellum of medium 
size. One of the two known species occurs in Indiana. 

1246 ( 3748). Cychramus adustus Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., IV, 1843, 346. 

Broadly oval, convex. Reddish-brown, opaque, pubescent; elytra with 
the sides usually piceous, or rarely wholly black ; legs paler. Thorax twice 
as wide as long, narrower in front, apex deeply emarginate, base truncate ; 
sides curved, hind angles obtuse or rounded; surface rather coarsely and 
closely punctate. Elytra as broad as long, slightly narrower behind the 
middle ; tips obtusely truncate ; disk with fine elongate punctures arranged 
in quite regular rows. Length 3-4 mm. 

Near Mitchell. Lawrence County ; rare. June 4-July 28. Taken 
from fleshy white fungi. Ranges from Virginia and Pennsylvania 
to Georgia and Missouri. 

Tribe V. CYBOCEPHALIXI. 
This tribe is represented in our fauna by the single genus : 

XIX. Cybocephalus Erichs. 1844. (Gr., ' 'inflected + head. ") 

It comprises two minute species, the smallest of the family, hav- 
ing the tarsi 4-jointed ; antenna? scarcely longer than the width of 
head; prosternum acutely carinate in front, not prolonged behind 
the front coxa? ; thorax margined at base, covering the base of ely- 
tra ; body retractile and when so bent, ovate and very convex. One 
of the two occurs in Indiana, 

1247 (3750). Cybocephalus xigbitulus Lee, X. Sp. X. Amer. Col., 1863, 64. 
Ovate, convex. Black or piceous, strongly shining, very finely alu- 

taceous; legs piceous. Thorax with margin not flattened, narrowly trans- 
lucent, surface smooth. Elytra with very fine, sparse punctures in basal 
area. Length 1-1.5 mm. 

Dubois County; scarce. April 29. Probably throughout the 
State, but overlooked on account of small size, as the range is given 
as ''Michigan to Georgia." Occurs in colonies on fungus covered 
logs. Resembles in form the species of AgatMdium of the family 
Silphidae. 



648 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULID;E. 



Tribe VI. IPINI. 

Medium-sized species having the labrum firmly united with the 
front of head, the suture more or less distinct; antenna? 11-jointed, 
club 3- jointed. Three genera compose the tribe, two of which are 
represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF IPINI. 

a. Body pubescent; thorax margined at base, slightly overlapping base of 
elytra. xx - Ceyptaecha. 

aa. Body glabrous ; thorax not margined at base. XXI. Ips. 

XX. Cryptarcha Shuck. 1839. (Gr. 3 "hidden + anus.") 

Oval, piceous or reddish-brown species having the labrum in- 
distinct; prosternum prolonged and plate-like at tip, partly con- 
cealing the mesosternum. Two species are known from the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEYPTAECHA. 

a. Punctures of elytra in ill-defined rows ; length 6-7 mm. 1248. ampla. 
aa. Punctures of elytra all confused; length less than 4 mm.; sides of tho- 
rax flattened, those of elytra rather widely reflexed. 

1249. CONCINNA. 

1248 ( 3752). Ceyptaecha ampla Erichs., Germ. Zeitsch., IV, 1843, 356. 
Oval, more obtuse in front. Uniform piceous or dark reddish-brown, 

sparsely pubescent. Thorax feebly emarginate and but little narrowed in 
front, margin not flattened, narrowly reflexed, hind angles obtuse; surface 
rather closely punctate. Elytra gradually narrowing behind, margin nar- 
rowly reflexed, the tips separately rounded. Length 6-7 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. June 13-September 
28. Taken in Vigo but once, when a number were found at sap of 
soft maple in a swamp. 

1249 (3754). Ceyptaecha concinna Mels., Catalogue, 1806, 41. 

Oval. Piceous, moderately shining, sparsely pubescent ; margin of tho- 
rax, two narrow transverse, sinuous bands and a scutellar spot on elytra, 
dull yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides gradually curved, 
hind angles rectangular ; surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely punc- 
tate and with short, erect, stiff hairs, those on elytra in seven rows. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties ; rare. March 20-April 22. Taken 
by sifting ; also occurs at sap. 

XXI. Ips Fab. 1776. (Gr., "a worm that eats horn and wood.") 

Smooth, shining black beetles, having the elytra marked with 
reddish or yellowish spots. They occur at sap or in decayed fruits, 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



649 



and among them are one or two of the most common and best known 
species of the family. Six species are listed from the United States, 
four of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF IPS. 

a. Thorax broader at base than apex ; bind tarsi nearly as broadly dilated 
as those in front. 

6. Larger, length 8 or more mm. ; middle and hind tibise of males sud- 
denly broader at apical half. 1250. obtusus. 
1)1). Smaller, length not over 7 mm. ; middle and hind tibiae not different 
in the sexes. 

c. Body wholly black beneath. 1251. qtjadrig uttatus. 

cc. Abdomen and metasternum red. 1252. sanguinolentus. 

aa. Thorax narrower at base; hind tarsi slender; elytra with large dull 
yellowish space enclosing black spots. 1253. confluentus. 

1250 (3755). IPs obtusus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, I, 1S35, 15S ; ibid. 
II, 644. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Piceous black, shining ; elytra each with two 
rounded, reddish-yellow spots, one at middle of base, the other slightly be- 
hind the middle. Entire upper surface rather finely and regularly punc- 
tured. Tips of elytra slightly oblique in both sexes. Length 8-12 mm. 

Yigo and Floyd counties; rare. May 3-September 29. Occurs 
in the middle and southern Atlantic States. 

*1251 (3756). Ips quadriguttatus Fab., Syst. Eleut. II. 1801, 580. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous, 
shining ; elytra usually with broad, irregular yel- 
lowish humeral spot and another smaller one be- 
hind the middle, these often reduced and vary- 
ing much in size, becoming at times mere yel- 
low points. Upper surface finely and sparsely 
punctured. Tips of male elytra oblique; those 
of female rounded. Length 4-7 mm. (Fig. 243.) 

Throughout the State ; common. Hiber- 
nates beneath logs, chips, etc. Hundreds 
sometimes accumulate in a small space at 
sap of oak or maple. February 14-Sep- Fig - 24: " x7 ' (After Forbes ° 
tember 22. Listed as I. fascial us but the name here given has 
priority. 

1252 (3757). Ips sanguinolentus Oliv., Ent.. II. 1791, S. 

Oblong-oval. Black, shining; elytra in great part bright red; the tip. 
a small humeral and larger round discal spot black; abdomen red. Tips 
of elytra of the two sexes as in the preceding. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake. Yigo. Putnam. Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. 
March 20-September 22. Taken at sap and on decaying fleshy 
fungi. 




650 



FAMILY XXVI. NITIDULLlLE. 



1253 (375S). Ips confldenttjs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill, 1823, 
195 ; ibid. II. 125. 

Elongate-obloug. Head and thorax piceous black: elytra largely dull 
yellow ; the tips, au oblique humeral spot, a small spot ou each side of 
scutellum. the suture at base, and a large discal spot connected with the 
margin, piceous. Surface coarsely punctured. Sexual characters as in 
quadriguttatus. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marion, Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties ; scarce. June 27- 

December 8. 

Tribe VII. RHIZOPHAGIXI. 

This tribe is represented by a single genus of small, slender, 
elongate species which live beneath bark. They have the antennas 
10- jointed with two-jointed club ; presternum not prolonged at tip ; 
abdomen with the first and fifth segments long, the intermediate 
three, short, equal; elytra truncate, exposing the last segment of 
abdomen, and tarsi -±- and 5-jointed in the males. 5-jointed in the 
females. 

XXII. Khizophagus Herbst. 1793. (Or., ' ' root + eat,") 

Xine species of this genus are listed from the United States, 
only two of which have been taken in the State, though three others 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EHIZOPHAGUS. 

a. Thorax longer thau wide. 

7j. Elytral rows of punctures distinctly impressed and reaching the tips: 
length 3-3.5 mm. 1254. scaeptukatus. 

l)~b. Elytral rows of punctures not impressed. 

c. Thorax beneath nearly smooth ; in male very decidedly narrowed 
from apex to base, its sides nearly straight ; length 4.5 mm. 

CYXINDBICUS. 

cc. Thorax beneath distinctly punctured, scarcely or not narrowed be- 
hind iu male, sides feebly curved in both sexes; piceous, elytra 
each with two red spots. 1255. bipunctatus. 

c/(7. Thorax as wide or wider than long: length 2.5 mm. 

d. Elytra pitchy black. eemotus. 
(7(7. Elytra each with two oblique reddish spots. minutes. 

1254 (3765). Rhizophage's scalptueatus Mann.. Bull. Mosc. II. 1S52. 362. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown or piceous. Tho- 
rax longer than wide, sides feebly curved, gradually narrowed to base : disk 
at middle subdepressed. sparsely and coarsely punctured, sides more finely 
punctured. Elytra not wider than apex of thorax, the stria rather coarsely 
punctate ; intervals flat. Length 3-4 mm. 



THE SAP-FEEDING BEETLES. 



651 



Lake and Vigo counties; rare. March 11-May 20. Occurs in 
sandy localities, beneath logs or bark. Probably hibernates. 

B. cylindricus Lee., rnfo-piceous in line, is known from Ten- 
nessee and Georgia, and may occur in southern Indiana. 

1255 (3770). Rhizophagus bipunctatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 
III. 1823, 324 ; ibid. II. 1S3. 
Elongate., cylindrical. Black, shining ; antennas and legs reddish-brown ; 
elytra with usually two reddish spots, one oblique behind the base, the other 
smaller, oval, at apical third. Thorax longer than wide, its disk convex, 
sparsely punctured. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides parallel, surface 
not striate but with rows of punctures which become finer toward apex. 
Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake. Marion, Putnam. Floyd and Harrison counties ; frequent. 
April 9— November 14. Occurs most frequently beneath bark of 
maple. The basal spots on elytra are often obsolete. 

B. remotus Lee. and B. minutus Mann, are both boreal species 
known from Canada and Michigan, and may occur in northern In- 
diana. 

Family XXVII. LATHRIDIIDJE. 

The Minute Brown Scavenger Beetles. 

Very small oval, oblong or linear beetles, usually of a reddish- 
yellow or brownish hue. rarely black or with distinct markings and 
never metallic. They are of a graceful form, the elytra being 
usually wider than thorax, and a number of them have the thorax 
prettily marked with elevated lines. They occur for the most part 
under bark and stones or in vegetable debris, especially decaying 
leaves, but some species are also found in drugs and other commer- 
cial products, and some on the flowers or foliage of certain plants. 
The larva? have not been studied, and their food habits are. there- 
fore, practically unknown. The name of the typical genus. Lath- 
ridius, is derived from a Greek word meaning " secret or hidden.'"' 
and was probably given these beetles on account of their living, 
for the most part, in concealed places. About 700 species are 
known, scarcely any of which are more than one-tenth of an inch 
(2.5 mm.) in length. 

The most prominent and distinguishing characters of the family 
are: the 9- to 11- jointed antennae, terminating in a club of three, 
rarely two. joints, and inserted at the sides of the front: eyes 
usually large and prominent, but small and minute in certain 
genera ; thorax of variable form, but rarely as wide as elytra, the 
margin often finely toothed, especially near the hind angles, the 
disk usually with either a transverse impression or a fovea at base ; 



652 



FAMILY XXVII. L AT HRIDII DJE . 



elytra entirely covering the abdomen, or very rarely slightly trun- 
cate and with the punctures usually arranged in six to eight rows ; 
prosternum more or less visible between the front coxge, the side 
pieces not separate, the coxal cavities usually enclosed; abdomen 
with five, rarely six, free ventral segments which are subequal in 
length; front coxa? conical, prominent, usually more or less sepa- 
rated; middle coxae rounded and less prominent; hind coxee trans- 
verse, widely separated; legs moderate, tibiae slender without ter- 
minal spurs; tarsi 3-jointed, the third joint equal in length to the 
other two ; claws simple. 

The most important papers treating of the North American 
members of the family are as follows : 

Bom.— ' Synopsis of the Lathridiides of the United States and 

Northern Contiguous Territories," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., VII, 1855, 299-305. 
Fall,— 11 Revision of the Lathridiidae of Boreal America," in 

Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc, XXVI, 1899, 101-190. 
According to the latter paper, this family is represented in 
North America by 103 species, distributed among 13 genera. The 
family is divided by Fall into four tribes. Two of these are known 
to be represented in Indiana, while a third probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF LATHRIDIIDAE. 

a. Front coxal cavities open behind, the coxae separated by a prosternal 
plate ; antennae clavate ; body not costate. 

Tribe I. Merophysiini, p. 652. 

aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 

&. Body often costate, glabrous or virtually so, the hairs, when present, 
sparse and erect ; epistoma or lower face on a lower plane than the 
front and separated from it by a deep suture. 

Tribe II. Lathridiini, p. 653. 
&&. Body never costate, always pubescent, the hairs more or less inclined 
or recurved; epistoma on the same plane as the front, separated 
from it by a distinct but scarcely impressed suture. 

Tribe III. Corticariini, p. 656. 

Tribe I. MEROPHYSIINI. 

One genus, Holoparamecus, represents this tribe in the United 
States. Belonging to it are six species, two of which may occur in 
Indiana. They have the antennas 9-jointed in the male, 10-jointed 
in the female ; thorax bistriate at base, hind angles without fovea ; 
elytra with an entire sutural stria but without rows of punctures. 

B. ragusce Reitt., dull yellow, 1-1.2 mm. in length, eyes small, 
distant about their own diameter from the antennaa, thorax without 
discal fovea, is known from Pennsylvania and Missouri. 



THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



653 



R. Jcunzei Aube, dull reddish-yellow, 1-1.2 mm. in length, eyes 
larger, distant by only half their diameter from the antennas, tho- 
rax with small discal fovea, is recorded from New York and Cali- 
fornia. 

Tribe II. LATHRIDIINI. 

In addition to characters given in above key, the members of 
this tribe have the thorax with pronounced sculpture, often cos- 
tate, and usually with impressions or foveas, the side margins with- 
out teeth but often lightly crenulate ; elytra each with six or eight 
rows of punctures, the intervals often more strongly elevated ; front 
coxae distinctly separated, and abdomen composed of five segments 
in both sexes. Eight genera are recognized as composing the tribe, 
four of which should be represented in Indiana, though specimens 
of but three have as yet been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEN EE A OF LATHRIDIINI. 

a. Disk of thorax marked with costae or ridges; eyes on sides of head; 
elytra not connate. 
&. Prosternurn not reaching the hind border of the prothorax, the epi- 
mera uniting on the median line. I. Lathridius. 

Kb. Prosternurn reaching the hind margin of the prothorax and thus 
separating the epimera. Coninomtjs. 
aa. Disk of thorax without costae. 

c. Eyes large, not very distant from antennae; scutellum distinct. 

II. Enicmtjs. 

cc. Eyes small or minute, remote from antennae ; scutellum indistinct ; 
middle coxae separated. III. Cartodere. 

I. Lathridius Herbst. 1793. (Gr., "secret or hidden.' •) 

Small, glabrous, shining brown species, having the front angles 
of thorax more or less lobed and the sides sinuately convergent to 
a point near the middle, thence divergent to base. Elytra fully 
twice as wide as thorax, broadly ovate with the apex somewhat 
pointed. Seven species are recognized by Fall as belonging to the 
North American fauna. Of these one occurs in the eastern United 
States and Indiana, while another, breviclavus Fall, known by the 
2- jointed club of antennae, was described from Michigan and may 
inhabit the northern part of the State. 

1256 (3779). Lathridius liratus Lee, N. Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 72. 

Oblong. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining ; legs and antennae 
slightly paler. Antennae reaching hind angles of thorax, rather slender. 
Thorax a little longer than wide, margin reflexed ; disk with two entire 
longitudinal ridges which are nearly parallel on basal two-thirds, diverging 



654 FAMILY XXVII. LATHRIDIIDiE. 

toward apex; sub-basal depression distinct and divided by the costse into 
three portions; surface rather coarsely and irregularly punctate. Elytra 
broadly impressed behind base; striae coarsely and distinctly punctate; in- 
tervals convex, the third slightly, the seventh more prominently, elevated 
at base. Length 2 mm. 

Steuben, Putnam and Marion counties ; scarce. Taken while 
sifting. April 22-June 18. 

Coninomus Thorn. 1863. 

Small, glabrous species, having the sides of thorax deeply 
notched behind the middle and usually with a semi-transparent 
whitish margin. 

C. constrictus Gyll., having the elytra without tubercles, anten- 
nal club 2-jointed, length 1.3-1.8 mm., is a cosmopolitan species 
known from Michigan, Illinois, etc. 

II. Enicmus Thorn. 1859. (Gr., "in + moisture.") 

Small brown, black or piceous species having the eyes of normal 
size ; thorax without ridges or costse ; prosternal spine reaching the 
hind margin of the thorax, completely separating the epimera ; first 
and second tarsal joints of equal length. The body is somewhat 
broader than in Lathridkis and the thorax much wider in propor- 
tion to the width of elytra. But two species have as yet been taken 
in the State, though a number of others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ENICMUS. 

a. Prosternal spine not elevated into a crest, the coxae more prominent. 
1). Color usually black, legs and antennae brownish; elytral intervals 
nearly equal ; thorax transverse, front angles not lobed ; length 2- 
2.2 mm. 1257. consimilis. 

1)1). Color usually brown; alternate elytral intervals more convex, at 
least on sides; thorax larger, more transverse, front angles lobed; 
length 1.2-2 mm. 1258. minutus. 

aa. Prosternal process elevated into a erest which reaches above (or below) 
the tips of the coxae. 
c. Antennal club abruptly formed, the ninth joint nearly or quite as 
wide as the eighth and but slightly narrower than eleventh. 
d. Elytra black or reddish-brown. 

e. Rows of elytral punctures equidistant. aterrimus. 
ee. Rows of elytral punctures in pairs, each pair separated by a 
wider interval. duplicata. 
dd. Elytra dull yellow with black markings. maculatus. 
cc. Antennal club much more gradually formed, ninth joint elongate- 
obconic, scarcely wider at base than eighth and decidedly narrower 
than eleventh; elytra distinctly impressed behind the base; head 
with median longitudinal sulcus. tenuicornis. 



THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



1257 ( ). Enicmus consimilis Mann., Germ. Zeitschr., V, 99. 

. Moderately elongate, feebly convex. Color given in key. Thorax nearly 
square, sides feebly convergent behind the middle; surface with a shallow 
median channel, its sides or carinse distinctly cutting the sub-basal trans- 
verse depression, an additional impression on each side near the front an- 
gles. Elytra striate with rows of coarse, subquadrate punctures ; intervals 
slightly convex, each with a row of very fine punctures. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. Several specimens were taken by 
Harold Morrison from a cellar in Indianapolis in which wood was 
stored. January 11- January 24. A European species, known in 
this country heretofore only from Michigan. 

1258 (3781). Enicmus minutus Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 

1766, 675. 

Ovate, subconvex. Usually brown, rarely blackish or 
brownish-yellow. Thorax larger, subquadrate, sides dis- 
tinctly converging from front angles to base, disk finely 
and thickly granulate. Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 244.) 

Marion County; scarce. June 3. Collected by 
Harold Morrison. Also in Webster collection from 
Indiana. Occurs throughout the United States. Fig. 244. (After sharp.) 

E. aterrimus Mots., length 1.6-1.9 mm. and E. duplicatus Lee, 
length 1.9 mm., are both known from Illinois and Michigan. 

E. maculatus Lee, 1.9-2.1 mm., occurs in Ohio and Michigan; 
E. tenuicornis Lee, length 1.6-1.9 mm., is also recorded from New 
York and Michigan westward. 

III. Cartodere Thorn. 1859. (Gr., "strength + neck. ") 

Small, narrow, often depressed beetles, having the antennas 
shorter than head and thorax, their clubs abruptly two- or three- 
jointed ; eyes small, situated far behind the base of antennas ; thorax 
without costas, more or less deeply and transversely impressed near 
base; elytra each with six to eight close set rows of large, rounded 
punctures; front coxa? distinctly, hind ones widely, separated. 
One species has been taken in the State and four others perhaps 
occur but have been overlooked on account of their small size. 
They live about dwellings, stores or barns in ground cereals, vege- 
table drugs, or decaying and dust-like vegetable matter. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARTODERE. 

a. Antenna 1 club three- jointed. 

h. Thorax much narrower than elytra, the latter each with seven rows 
of punctures. 1259. ruficollis. 

[42—23402] 




656 



FAMILY XXVII. L AT HTvIDIIDyE . 



66. Thorax but slightly narrower than elytra. 

c. Eyes minute, situated, at about their own length from the hind 
angles of the head. 

d. Elytral intervals 3, 5, 7 higher than the others. costulata. 

dd. Elytral intervals subequal ; form more narrow. filifokmis. 

ce. Eyes much larger, occupying the hind angles. aegus. 
aa. Antennal club two-jointed ; thorax with a large rounded fovea on front 

of disk. FILUM. 

1259 (3786). Cartodeee euficollis Marsh., Ent. Brit., I, 111. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Pale reddish-brown, elytra darker. An- 
tennal club rather abruptly three-jointed, its first joint large, orbicular; 
second less thick, elongate-oval ; third small and subglobular. Thorax sub- 
cordiform, sides rather strongly rounded in front of middle, deeply con- 
stricted, near base ; surface densely and rather finely punctate. Elytra 
elongate-oval, each with seven rows of coarse, closely-set punctures; inter- 
vals narrow, very feebly convex except the sixth, which is more prominent. 
Length 1-1.3 mm. 

Howard County; frequent locally about a barn. June 24. An 
introduced species widely distributed throughout the United States. 

C. costulata Reitt. and C. filiformis Gyll., both reddish-yellow 
and 1-1.5 mm. in length, are known from Michigan and near Cin- 
cinnati ; C. argus Reitt. and C. filum Aube, also dull reddish-yellow, 
length 1.3 to 1.6 mm., range from Canada, Michigan and westward. 

Tribe II. CORTICARIINI. 

This tribe has the thorax without distinct sculpture, its sides 
more or less crenulate or denticulate, the disk with nearly always a 
rounded or transverse impression before the base ; front coxae 
usually continguous or nearly so ; abdomen with five or six ventral 
segments; elytra without costse but with hairs arranged in rows. 
Three genera compose the tribe, two of which are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF CORTICARIINI. 

a. Abdomen of female with five segments, a sixth usually visible in the 
males; form more elongate. IV. Corticaria. 

aa. Abdomen of both sexes with six segments, except in picta, where the 
male has but five; form more oval. V. Melanophthalma. 

IV. Corticaria Marsh. 1802. (Lat., "bark.") 

Small elongate or oblong-ovate species having the pubescence 
more or less long and conspicuous, that on the elytra arranged in 
rows ; eyes large and rather prominent ; antenna? usually not quite 
reaching the hind angles of thorax, 11- jointed, the club 3-jointed; 
thorax usually subcordate, w 7 ith front and hind angles obtuse, sur- 



THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



657 



face without carina? and disk with a distinct rounded or transverse 
fovea before the base; elytra each with eight rows of punctures 
which are moderately large toward the base but become finer api- 
cally. The males have the first joint of the front tarsi distinctly 
dilated. Of the 26 species of the genus listed from the United 
States, the following have a range which may include Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COETICAEIA. 

a. Pubescence more conspicuous, the hairs of elytral intervals longer, more 
erect and bristling than those of the striae; middle coxa? separated 
by less than one-third their own diameters ; form moderately convex. 
&. Punctures of stria? and intervals not very different in size, somewhat 
confused ; front and middle tibia? of male not bent at tip ; length 
2.3-3 mm. pubescens. 
1)1). Punctures of elytra! intervals distinctly finer than those of stria?, 
not confused; front and middle tibia? of male bent and mucronate 
on the inner side at tip. 
c. First joint of antennal club not distinctly longer than wide; tho- 
rax cordate ; color pale brownish-yellow ; length 1.7-2 mm. 

FULVA. 

cc. First joint of club distinctly elongate ; thorax feebly cordate ; color 
piceous brown, the elytra often paler ; length 2.1-2.3 mm. 

VAEICOLOB. 

aa. Pubescence shorter, more appressed and uniform ; middle coxa? sepa- 
rated by nearly one-half their own diameters ; form often depressed. 
d. Metasternum subequal to or shorter than first ventral ; joints of an- 
tennal club all longer than wide; thorax without fovea; length 
2.3-2.6 mm. valida. 
dd. Metasternum distinctly longer than first ventral. 

e. Size larger, 2-2.5 mm. ; sculpture of both upper and lower surface 
coarser and closer ; margin of thorax distinctly serrate. 

1260. SEBBATA. 

ee. Size smaller, always less than 2 mm. 

f. Fifth ventral segment not longer than fourth, the sixth usually 
distinctly visible; last three joints of antennal funicle trans- 
verse. BEEVICOENIS. 
//. Fifth ventral at least one-half longer than fourth, the sixth not 
visible; outer joints of funicle not evidently transverse. 
g. Color yellowish to dull reddish-yellow ; elytral intervals with 
a single regular row of punctures. 1261. elongata. 

gg. Color reddish-brown ; elytral intervals more or less irregularly 
punctulate ; form less parallel and less depressed. 

1262. FEEBUGINEA. 

C. pubescens Gyll.. fuscous to fuscous-yellow in hue, is known 
from Michigan and northern Illinois; C. fulva Com., is recorded 
from Kentucky and Michigan ; C. v (tricolor Fall was described from 
Michigan, Dakota and westward; while C. valida Fall has been 
taken in northern Illinois. 



658 



FAMILY XXVII. LATHRIDIIIMC. 



1260 (3805). Cobttcabia SEBBATA Payk., Faun. Suec, I, 1798, 300. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull reddish-yellow to dark reddish- 
brown ; pubescence grayish, recumbent. Thorax distinctly wider than head, 
three-fourths as wide as elytra, transverse, sides rounded in front of mid- 
dle, moderately convergent behind, surface closely and rather coarsely punc- 
tate; sub-basal fovea rounded, moderately impressed. Elytra with sides 
subparallel, apex broadly and rather obtusely rounded, striae feebly im- 
pressed; punctures rather coarse toward the base, those of intervals finer. 
Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the northern counties; much 
less so southward. April 7-November 1. Occurs in fungi and 
about houses and electric lights in May. Dury reports the taking 
of 31 from the deserted nest of a wild rabbit. 

C. brevicornis Fall, elongate, depressed, dull reddish-yellow, 
length 1.6-1.8 mm., is known from Michigan and near Cincinnati. 

1261 (3806). Cobticabia elongata Gyll., Ins. Suec, IV, 1827, 130. 
Elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Light brownish or reddish-yellow ; 

elytra faintly clouded with fuscous each side of scutellum ; pubescence pale, 
rather long, recumbent. Thorax transversely quadrate, sides feebly rounded 
in front, slightly convergent behind ; surface finely and sparsely punctate ; 
basal fovea rounded, moderately deep ; side margins finely crenulate in 
front, denticulate behind. Elytra oblong, parallel, obtusely rounded at 
apex ; the rows of punctures fine, those of intervals still finer. Length 1.4- 
1.8 mm. 

Northern half of State; frequent. April 17-November 18. 
Taken while sifting dead leaves and other vegetable debris in damp 
localities. 

1262 ( ). Cobticabia eebbuginea Marsh., Ent. Brit., I, 111. 

Oblong, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown ; head often darker ; pubes- 
cence short, sparse, appressed. Head sparsely and finely punctate; an- 
tennae reaching base of thorax, the ninth and tenth joints wider than long. 
Thorax slightly wider than long, base and apex equal, sides broadly 
rounded, margin feebly serrate ; disk finely and sparsely but deeply punc- 
tate ; basal fovea round and rather deep. Elytra oblong-oval, striae shal- 
low, finely punctate; intervals with two irregular rows of minute punc- 
tures. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Starke, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 11-Oc- 
tober 17. 

V. Melanophthalma Mots. 1866. (Gr., "black + eye. ") 

The members of this genus have the antennal club 2- or 3- 
jointed ; when the latter, the abdomen, with a sixth segment more or 
less distinctly visible in both sexes. Twenty species are listed by 
Fall, of which the following may occur within the State : 



THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



659 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANOPHTHALMA. 

a. Antennal club 2-jointed ; first and second joints of tarsi subequa'l ; ely- 
tra yellowish or reddish-yellow, usually with a median crossbar, and 
often a basal and apical cloud, piceous ; pubescence short. 

1263. Pier a. 

aa. Antennal club 3-jointed ; pubescence longer and more conspicuous. 

b. Second joint of tarsi as long as or slightly longer than the first; 
male with tips of front tibiae provided with a longer, denser and 
more bristling fringe of hairs. 
c. Claw-joint of front tarsi toothed beneath in the male. 
d. Tips of elytra slightly sinuate and minutely toothed near the 
sutural angles, which are slightly prolonged; length 1.6- 
1.9 mm. villosa. 
dd. Tips of elytra not sinuate or finely toothed before the sutural 
angles, which are not at all produced; eyes large, separated 
on the front by less than one and one-half times their diame- 
ter; elytra nearly always darker than thorax. 

1264. DISTINGUENDA. 

cc. Claw-joint of front tarsi not toothed beneath in the male; pro- 
sternum swollen before the coxae and armed with a spine at tip 
in the male; color reddish-yellow throughout. 1265. pumila. 
bb. Second joint of tarsi distinctly shorter than first; front tibia? of male 
with a short acute tooth on inner side beyond the middle. 
e. Thorax scarcely more than half as wide as elytra and with a deep, 
sub-basal transverse impression extending from side to side; 
color brown. 1266. gibbosa. 

ee. Thorax distinctly more than half as wide as elytra, the sub-basal 
impression confined to the disk. 
f. Sides of elytra nearly straight behind the middle, their tips dis- 
tinctly truncate ; color pale yellow. 1267. longipennis. 
ff. Sides of elytra curved throughout, their tips feebly or scarcely 
truncate. 

g. Color usually dull reddish-yellow; elytra less broadly ovate, 
widest at middle, relatively longer and more obtuse at apex. 

1268. AMERICANA. 

gg. Color usually dull sooty brown, the thorax often paler ; elytra 
shorter and more broadly ovate, widest a little before the 
middle. 1269. cavicollis. 

1263 (3826). Melanophthalma picta Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1855, 303. 

Oval, rather robust. Dull reddish-yellow ; elytra varying as mentioned 
in key, rarely fuscous with only a pale spot near base and tip ; pubescence 
whitish, very fine, soft and indistinct. Thorax slightly wider than head, 
subquadrate ; sides feebly angulate at middle ; surface finely and sparsely 
but distinctly punctulate and without basal fovea. Elytra one-half wider 
than thorax, rather short, ovate, the sides curved ; surface finely striate, 
the stria? with widely separated fine punctures ; intervals minutely punctu- 
late. Length 1.3 mm. 

Lake and Starke counties ; scarce. May 5-Jnne 3. Taken by 

sifting damp leaves. 



660 



FAMILY XXVII. LATHRIDIIM5. 




M. villosa Zimra., dull reddish-yellow, larger than distinguenda, 
with eyes smaller and more widely separated and pubescence longer 
and more bristling, occurs throughout the northern United States. 

*1264 (9992). Melanophthalma distinguenda Com., Coleop. Prov. Novae, 
38. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Dull 
fuscous or brownish-yellow, the elytra usually 
darker. Thorax transverse, sides angulate at 
middle, margin obsoletely crenulate ; surface 
rather strongly punctate, the sub-basal im- 
pression moderately deep, extending nearly 
from side to side. Elytra elongate-oval ; stria? 
not impressed, punctures coarser at base than 
behind the middle ; pubescence yellowish, long 
and conspicuous, the hairs arising from the 
intervals more erect than those from the 
stria?. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. (Pig. 245.) 

Throughout the State ; common. Hi- 
bernates. January 6-November 28. Oc- 
Fi g . 245. x 24. (After Forbes.) curs m winter beneath bark and logs ; 

taken by sifting in spring and in sum- 
mer often from flowers of the black haw (Viburnum prunifolium 
L) and allied shrubs. 

1265 (3S23). Melanophthalma pumila Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VII, 1855, 302. 

Resembles the preceding but more parallel. Pubescence rather long 
and bristling. Punctuation of thorax and elytra coarser. Different other- 
wise as mentioned in key. Length 1.5-1.6 mm. 

Marshall and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 20-June 24. 
Taken by sifting. 

1266 ( ). Melanophthalma gibbosa Herbst., Kaf., V, 5, pi. 44, fig. 2. 

Oval, convex. Uniform piceous brown, rarely paler ; antennae and legs 

reddish-brown ; pubescence short, appressed. Head rather coarsely and 
closely punctate ; eyes large and prominent. Thorax slightly wider than 
head, very little wider than long ; sides rounded in front, then feebly con- 
vergent and nearly straight to base; disk closely and rather finely punctate. 
Elytra with rows of rather coarse punctures ; intervals more finely punc- 
tate. Length 1.1-1.5 mm. 

Steuben and Floyd counties; frequent locally. April 16-May 
25. Beaten from flowers of swamp huckleberry. Occurs from 
New Hampshire westward across the northern border of the United 
States. 

1267 (3808). Melanophthalma longipennis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 

VII, 1855, 300. 

Elongate-oval. Uniform pale yellow, the club of antennae darker; 
pubescence short, recumbent. Thorax broad, sides rather strongly rounded. 



THE MINUTE BROWN SCAVENGER BEETLES. 



661 



margins very finely crenulate, hind angles with a distinct denticle ; surface 
sparsely and finely punctate, the basal fovea a little transverse and some- 
what shallow. Elytra elongate, tips broadly truncate, exposing the tip of 
abdomen in male ; punctures of striae rather coarse. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Putnam County; scarce. Taken by sifting dead leaves. April 

22. 

1268 (3810). Melanophthalma ameeicana Mann., Germ. Zeitschr., V, 50. 

Resembles the next species but more elongate and usually paler in 
color. Elytra widest at middle in both sexes, and longer in proportion to 
length of thorax; the latter more transverse and more regularly rounded 
at the sides, with the basal fovea less deeply impressed. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. March 20-May 11. Widely 
distributed throughout the United States and probably occurs 
throughout the State. 

*1269 (3818). Melanophthalma cavicollis Mann., loc. cit., p. 57. 

Short, ovate, convex. Color variable, but usually with head and tho- 
rax dull reddish-brown, the elytra darker sooty brown; tip of abdomen, 
legs and base of antennae paler ; pubescence rather short, recumbent. Tho- 
rax transverse, subcordate, strongly rounded in front ; hind angles ending 
in a distinct denticle; surface evenly and rather finely punctate; basal 
fovea rounded, deep. - Elytra rather broadly ovate, base but slightly wider 
than that of thorax, tips rounded; striae but slightly impressed, the punc- 
tures moderate, those of intervals finer. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. March 20-De- 
cember 23. Taken by sifting in early spring and beneath logs in 
winter. 

Family XXVIII. TKOGOSITID^E. 

The Grain and Bark-gnawing Beetles. 

A family of small size, which includes medium or small oblong 
or oval, usually somewhat flattened beetles of a black or reddish- 
black hue which live, for the most part, under bark, though some 
inhabit granaries and have been widely distributed by commerce. 
They have the maxillge 2-lobed, the inner lobe sometimes very small; 
antennae short, 11-jointed, inserted under the margin of the front, 
the last three joints widest, forming a loose club of varied form; 
thorax with its hind margin not overlapping the base of elytra ; the 
latter never truncate, always covering the abdomen, which is com- 
posed of five free ventral segments; front coxse transverse, sepa- 
rated by the presternum, the cavities usually closed behind ; middle 
and hind coxa? transverse, flat, the former separated, the latter 
contiguous; tarsi 5-jointed, not dilated, first joint very short, second 
slightly longer, fourth very long ; claws simple. 



662 



FAMILY XXVIII. TROGOSITIPiE. 



The name of the typical genus, Trogosita, derived from two 
Greek words meaning "to gnaw" and "corn or grain," was given a 
common European species which occurs in great numbers in worm- 
infested granaries. Recent observations, however, go to show that 
its larvae probably live upon the larva? of more injurious insects 
which do the real damage to the grain. The larvae of the members 
of the principal genus, Tenebroides, are whitish flattened grubs with 
a pair of black spots on the top of each of the first three segments, 
and with the last segment ending in two horny points. That of T. 
corticaria was observed by Le Baron to feed upon the larvae of the 
coddling moth. 

The only paper treating of the family is that of 

Horn. — "Monograph of the Species of Trogosita (Tenebroides) 
Inhabiting the United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1862, 82-88. 

It embodies but one of the nine genera among which the 30 or 
more known species from North America are at present distributed. 
Three of these genera are known to be represented in Indiana, while 
members of four others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TROGOSITIDiE. 

a. Form elongate, margins not flattened ; head relatively large, eyes not 
prominent ; front coxal cavities closed. 
1). Eyes rounded. Nemosoma. 
bl>. Eyes transverse. 

c. Tibiae with spines; form cylindrical. I. Alindria. 

cc. Tibia? without spines. 

d. Thorax truncate at apex, the side margin bent downward at mid- 
dle. Trogosita. 
del. Thorax emarginate at apex, the side margin not bent downward. 

II. Tenebroides. 

aa. Form oval, margins flattened; head small, eyes prominent; mentum 
transverse, emarginate ; front coxal cavities open behind, except in 
Calitys. 

e. Mentum transverse, emarginate ; antennal grooves feeble. 

f. Front tibia? with terminal hook. Peltis. 
//. Front tibia? without terminal hook. 

g. Front coxal cavities closed. Calitys. 
gg. Front coxal cavities open behind. III. Grynocharis. 

ee. Mentum minute, oval; antennal grooves deep; front tibia? without 
hook. Thymalus. 

Nemosoma cylindricum Lee, linear, cylindrical, black, the base 
of elytra, antennae and legs reddish, length 4.5 mm., has been taken 
near Cincinnati. 



THE GRAIN AND BARK-GNAWING BEETLES. 



663 



I. Alindria Erichs. 1844. (Or., "to roll or turn.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States by two 
species, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

1270 (3831). Alindkia cylindeica Geoff., Encyc. Method., X, 719. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown or pic- 
eous. Thorax subquadrate, slightly and gradually narrowed from apex to 
base, hind angles obtuse, surface finely, sparsely and evenly punctate. Ely- 
tra with base well separated from that of thorax, sides nearly parallel, tips 
rounded; surface striate, the stria? with rather fine serrate punctures; in- 
tervals very finely punctulate. Length 5-14 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 14-September 20. 
Occurs beneath bark of hickory, elm, etc. There is a wide varia- 
tion in size between the sexes, the males being much the smaller. 

Trogosita virescens Fab., greenish- 
black, 12 mm. in length, occurs beneath 
bark of pine, etc., and has been taken at 
Cincinnati. 

II. Tenebroides Pillar & Mett. 1783. 
(Gt., ' ' Tenebrio + resemble. ") 

Oblong, subdepressed species having the 
thorax widely emarginate at apex, nar- 
rowed behind the middle and somewhat 
distant from elytra; front of head tri sinu- 
ate or emarginate in front; tibise without 
spines. Twelve species and a number of 
varieties are listed from the United States. 

.-, f> n • i i ,n Kg. 246. T. mauriianka L. Adul t 

Ol these the lOilOWmg have been taken Or beetle with antenna, the latter greatlv 
, . T n . enlarged. Bull. 4, U. S. Div. Ent. 

perhaps occur m Indiana : (After Howard.) 




KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TENEBROIDES. 

a. Eighth joint of antennae equal to the ninth ; length 9.5 mm. (Fig. 246.) 

MAURITANIA. 

aa. Eighth joint much smaller than the ninth. 

&. Thorax subquadrate, but little broader than long, sides feebly 
rounded, hind angles acute, 
c. Color black or piceous ; sides of thorax sinuate near base ; form 
more convex. 

d. Size larger, 7.5-8 mm. ; sides of thorax more rounded than in 
the next. 1271. corticalis. 

dd. Size smaller, not over 6.5 mm. ; sides of thorax feebly rounded. 

1272. DUBIA. 

cc. Color reddish or chestnut brown ; sides of thorax not sinuate ; form 
more depressed. 1273. nana. 



664 



FAMILY XXVIII. — TROGOSITIDiE. 



aa. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides much rounded, hind angles 
small, obtuse. 
d. Elytra unicolorous without spots. 

e. Size larger, 10-11 mm. ; intervals of elytra subconvex, minutely 
rugulose. 1274. Americana. 

ee. Size smaller, not over 8.5 mm. ; intervals of elytra nearly flat. 

/. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. 1275. laticollis. 

ff. Light reddish or brownish-yellow. 1276. obscura. 

del. Elytra each with an irregular shaped yellowish spot in front of mid- 
dle. 1277. BIMACULATA. 

T. mauritanica Linn., blackish-piceous and easily known by 
having the joints of antennae gradually increasing in width, is a 
cosmopolitan species which has been taken near Cincinnati. (Fig. 
246.) It is commonly known as the "cadelle." 

1271 (3838). Tenebroides corticalis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Elongate-oblong, sub con- 
vex. Black or piceous, feebly 
shining ; antennae and legs pic- 
eous. Head and thorax coarse- 
ly punctate, the latter nar- 
rowed, with sides sinuate be- 
hind the middle, margins re- 
flexed, base subtruncate. Ely- 
tra shallowly striate, the striae 
f with rows of rather coarse, 

Fig. 247. a, larva; "c, its mandible; a, antenna; e, under side ol ' 
head; /, the 2-horned anal plate; b, the beetle; h, its antenna; i, (Jeep oblong punctures ', inter- 
mandible; g, labium and its palpi; j, one of the maxillse and its 

palpus. (After Riley.) vals nearly flat, slightly rugu- 

lose, each with two irregular rows of very minute, oblong, distant punc- 
tures. Length 7.5-8 mm. (Eig. 247.) 

Southern half of State : scarce. April 18-October 10. 

1272 (3838b). Tenebroides dubia Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 110. 

Resembles corticalis but smaller. Thorax more quadrate, sides scarce- 
ly at all rounded; punctures more sparsely placed and coarser; those of 
intervals of elytra distinctly larger and in more regular rows. Length 
5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-November 8. 
Occurs beneath bark and logs, where it hibernates. 

1273 (3839). Tenebroides nana Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 10. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Dark reddish or chestnut brown. Tho- 
rax more depressed, slightly broader than long, sides moderately rounded 
and feebly converging, but not sinuate behind the middle; punctures, as 



II, 1844, 109. 




THE GRAIN AND BARK-GNAWING BEETLES. 



665 



well as those of head, rather fine and sparse. Elytra twice as long as wide, 
slightly broader behind the middle, intervals subconvex, each with two rows 
of distinct punctures. Length 6 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. February 14. 

*1274 (3843). Tenebeoides Americana Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., 1837, 166. 

Oblong, moderately depressed. Black or piceous, shining; under sur- 
face and legs dark reddish-brown. Head and thorax finely alutaceous, 
rather sparsely and finely punctate ; the latter two-thirds wider than long, 
the margins reflexed, sides sinuate near base, hind angles acute. Elytra 
elongate-oval, the striaa shallow and rather finely punctate ; intervals slightly 
convex, densely and distinctly rugulose, each with two rows of fine punc- 
tures. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; more so in the southern half. 
February 4-September 5. Gregarious in winter. This is the spe- 
cies usually listed as castanea, Kirby 's name having priority. 

1275 (3843a). Tenebeoides laticollis Horn, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1862, 86. 

Form of americana. Dark reddish-brown to piceous. Thorax twice as 
wide as long, strongly depressed ; sides feebly curved, not sinuate, hind an- 
gles more obtuse, less -distinct. Elytral intervals very finely rugose. Length 
7.5-8 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 27. Listed as a variety of ameri- 
cana but the much wider and shorter thorax, with smaller hind 
angles, shows it distinct. 

1276 (3843b). Tenebeoides obscuea Horn, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1862, 86, 87. 

Oblong, depressed. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Head and thorax 
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate ; the latter twice as wide as long, 
sides feebly curved, but little narrowed behind the middle. Elytra oblong- 
oval, the striae more strongly impressed and with coarser punctures than 
in any of the preceding species ; intervals almost flat, very finely punctu- 
late. Length 5 mm. 

Harrison County; rare, November 14. Usually considered a 
variety of americana but appears to be very distinct. 

1277 (3845). Tenebeoides bimaculata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 110. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Black, tinged with bronze, shining; elytra each 
with an irregular yellowish spot slightly in front of middle ; club of an- 
tennae and tarsi yellowish. Thorax transverse, finely and densely punctate ; 
sides rounded, margin slightly reflexed. Elytral striae shallow, their punc- 
tures obsolete on apical third. Length 5 mm. 



nfifi 



FAMILY XXIX. MONOTOMIDJE. 



Putnam County; rare. September 7. Readily known by the 
brassy tinge and the yellow spot on elytra. Occurs on foliage of 
the laurel or shingle oak, Quercus imhricarm Michx. 

Pettis ferruginea Linn, and Calitys scabra Thunb., both mem- 
bers of the boreal fauna, have been recorded from Michigan. 

III. Grynocharis Thorn. 1659. (Gr., fire-brand + rejoice. '') 

Oval, subdepressed beetles, having the margins of thorax and 
elytra flattened; front truncate; antenna! grooves feeble; front 
tibia? without a terminal hook. Three species are known from the 
United States, one of which has been taken in Indiana. 

1278 (3851). Geynochaeis 4-lineata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 104. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, feebly sliming ; -an- 
tennae and under parts piceous. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, slightly wider at base than apex, hind margin 
truncate ; sides nearly straight, margins reflexed. hind 
angles obtuse ; disk alutaceous, finely and sparsely punc- 
tate and with a transverse impression behind the mid- 
dle. Elytra oblong, sides parallel, each with four nar- 
row costse ; intervals each with three or four rows of 
coarse punctures. Length 6 mm. (Fig. 248.) 

Lawrence County; rare. April 13. Occurs be- 
(Original.) neath loose bark of walnut and oak. 

Family XXIX. MONOTOMIDiE. 

The Moxotomid Beetles. 

To this family belong a few small, depressed beetles, resembling 
rather closely those of certain genera of the family Cucujidse and 
also those of the genus Rhizophagus of the Nitidulida?. They live 
beneath the bark of trees or in the nests of ants. The word 31ono- 
toma means literally "a single cut," and probably refers to the 
small subapical tooth of the mandibles. 

From closely allied families they may be separated by having 
the antenna? 10- join ted, inserted under the sides of the front, the 
last one or two joints enlarged to form a club; front coxas small 
and round, the cavities widely closed behind; elytra truncate be- 
hind, leaving the last dorsal segment exposed; abdomen with five 
free ventral segments, the first and fifth elongated, the others 
shorter and equal ; tarsi three- jointed, the last joint longer than the 
others united. 




THE MONOTOMJD BEETLES-. 



f>f>7 



The principal paper treating of the family is by 

Horn. — 1 1 Synopsis of the Monotomi,dag of the United States, ' ' in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, 257-267. 
In ITenshaw's list the genera are (by mistake?) combined with 
those of Trogositidw. Eighteen species, distributed among five 
genera, represent the family, as far as known, in the United States. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEN EE A OP MONOTOMID^E. 

a. Head slightly prolonged behind the eyes, then suddenly narrowed. 
6. Process of abdomen between the hind coxae broad, feebly rounded in 
front. 

c. Terminal joint of antennae suddenly broader, joint nine not wider 
than eight. I. Monotoma. 

cg. Last two joints of antennae enlarged, ninth joint not as wide as 
the tenth ; punctures of elytra in rows. Hespeeob/Enus. 
&&. Process of abdomen between the hind coxae triangular, acute ; ninth 
joint of antennae as wide as the tenth ; elytral punctures in rows. 

Eueops. 

aa. Head parallel behind the eyes, not at all narrowed ; last joint of an- 
tennae suddenly enlarged, ninth not wider than eighth. 

II. Bacteidium. 

I. Monotoma Herbst. 1793. (Gr., "one + cut.") 

In addition to the distinctly larger terminal joint of antennae, 
the members of this genus have the head and thorax usually densely 
punctured and the elytra with rows of punctures, each bearing a 
short hair. The surface has a tendency to become coated with for- 
eign matter, which adheres to the minute hairs and renders the 
sculpture difficult to study. Of the nine species known from the 
United States five have been taken in the State, while two others 
perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOTOMA. 

a. Antennae slender, joints 4 to 9 longer than wide. peoducta. 
aa. Antennae stouter, joints 4 to 9 bead-like or submoniliform. 

ft. Metasternum densely punctured at middle and sides ; thorax densely 
punctured. 

c. Head with a rather deep oblique impression on each side of vertex. 

1279. picipes. 

cc. Head regularly convex, vertex not impressed. 

d. Thorax longer than wide. 12S0. fulvipes. 

dd. Thorax nearly square, or even slightly wider than long. 

e. Thorax with four rather deep impressions. quadeifoveolata. 
ee. Thorax at most with two feeble impressions near base. 



668 FAMILY XXIX. MONOTOMIDZE. 

f. Thorax distinctly wider behind the middle, its hind angles 
prominent. 1281. Americana. 

//. Thorax parallel, its hind angles not prominent. 

1282. PAEALLELA. 

hi). Metasternum nearly smooth; thorax sparsely punctate, narrower near 
base. 1283. longicollis. 

M. product a Lea, black, opaque, sparsely clothed with whitish 
hairs, antennas and legs paler, length 3 mm., is recorded from near 
Cincinnati. 



1279 (3856). Monotoma picipes Hbst, Kafer, V, 1801, 24. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black or brownish, 

opaque ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax slight- 
ly longer than wide, sides finely crenate, front angles ob- 
tusely prominent, hind ones indistinct ; disk coarsely and 
densely punctured and with a distinct fovea on each side 
near base. Elytral striae rather coarsely punctured, the 
hairs yellowish in hue. Length 2-2.3 mm. (Fig. 249.) 

Marion County: frequent. January 17-October 
15. Taken by Harold Morrison from the windows 
of a barn and cellar in which wood had been stored. 

1280 (3857). Monotoma fulvtpes Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, IT, 

1844, 111. 

Moderately elongate, rather slender, subconvex. Black to piceous, sub- 
opaque ; legs and antennae reddish-brown. Head coarsely and densely punc- 
tured, not impressed. Thorax longer than wide, narrower in front, sides 
straight and finely crenate; front angles prominent, obtusely rounded, hind 
angles broadly rounded; disk coarsely and densely punctured with two 
faint impressions on basal third. Elytra with rows of fine punctures. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Marion County; frequent. April 11-June 7. Taken with the 
preceding. ' 

M. quadrifoveolata Aube, reddish-brown, length 2 mm., is known 
from the District of Columbia. 

1281 (3859). Monotoma ameeicana Aube, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., VI, 461. 
Elongate-oblong. Black, subopaque; antennae and legs reddish-brown. 

Head as in fulvipes. Thorax distinctly wider than long, front angles ob- 
tuse, hind ones rectangular ; sides subcrenate, straight ; disk convex, coarse- 
ly and densely punctured, the basal impressions almost obsolete. Elytra 
rather coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Last ventral of male with 
an oval flattened space. Length 2.2 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; rare. April 17-June 2. Sifted 
from decaying fleshy fungi; also on flowers of Amorpha fruticosa. 




THE MONOTOMID BEETLES. 



669 



1282 (3860). Monotoma pakallela Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 

305. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Piceous, opaque ; antennse and legs red- 
dish-brown. Head coarsely and densely punctured, not impressed on the 
sides. Thorax nearly square, sides parallel, front angles not prominent, 
hind angles rounded ; disk coarsely and densely punctured and with faint 
basal impressions. Elytra with strise of rather fine punctures. Body be- 
neath densely and rather coarsely punctured. Length 2 mm. 

Jackson County; rare. September 9. 

1283 (3863). Monotoma longicollis Gyll., Ins. Suec, 635. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining; legs 
and antenna? paler. Head coarsely, not densely punctate, its hind angles 
ending in a tooth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, front angles distinct, 
hind ones obtuse, sides almost straight; disk finely and rather sparsely 
punctate and with two distinct fovea? near base. Elytra with rows of fine 
simple punctures ; intervals alutaceous. Length 1.5-1.7 mm. 

Webster collection from "Indiana." Known from all others by 
the finely punctured and shining thorax. 

Hesperobeenus rufipes Lee. piceous, antennas and legs reddish- 
brown, length 3 mm., is known from Illinois and Missouri. 

Europs pallipennis Lee, piceous, elytra dull yellow, thorax as 
wide as long with a curved basal impression, length 2.8 mm., is 
known from Pennsylvania. 

II. Bactridium Lee. 1861. (Gr., "a stick + little. ") 

Besides the distinctive characters given in the key, the mem- 
bers of this genus have the intercoxal process of abdomen rather 
broad, truncate in front and the elytra with rows of punctures. 
Four species are known from the United States, two of which have 
been taken in Indiana. 

1284 ( 3869). Bactridium ephippigerum Guer., Icon. Reg. Anim., 1830, 190. 
Oblong, depressed. Piceous, shining ; antenna?, legs and elytra reddish- 
brown, the sides and tips of the latter usually darker. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, sides feebly curved and somewhat narrowed to the base, 
margin with two small teeth behind the middle; surface vaguely concave, 
sparsely punctured at middle, much more densely at sides. Elytra slightly 
wider than thorax, finely striate, the strise at sides closely and finely placed, 
those of disk with fine, rather closely placed punctures. Length 2 mm. 

Marshall, Starke, J ennings and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 
20-November 20. Taken by sifting the mold and leaves about the 
roots of trees ; also beneath bark of honey locust. 



670 



FAMILY XXX. DERODONTIDxE. 



1285 (3871). Bacteidium steiolatum Reitt., Verhand. des Nat. Vereins 
in Brunn., XII, 1872, 14. 

Moderately elongate, subdepressed. Uniform piceous or dark reddish- 
brown, antennae and legs paler. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides 
feebly curved and gradually narrowed behind the middle; disk rather 
coarsely but not densely punctured, punctures of the middle forming a 
vague U-shaped mark. Elytra slightly convex, surface striate, the striae 
at sides replaced by sparse punctures, those on disk with fine, not closely 
placed punctures ; intervals finely wrinkled. Length 2 mm. 

Putnam, Posey and Jennings counties; scarce. April 13-No- 
Yember 20. Darker than the preceding, elytra more convex and 
with the stria? on sides semi-obsolete. 

Family XXX. DBKODONTIDiE. 

The Tooth-necked Fungus Beetles. 

This is a very small family comprising only three known North 
American species. They are small brown or dull brownish-yellow 
beetles, in our species having the head deeply impressed, and with 
a small, smooth tubercle on the inner side of each eye. This at first 
sight resembles a large ocellus or simple eye. The name of the 
typical genus, Derodonius, is derived from two Greek words mean- 
ing "neck" and "toothed," and was applied to these beetles on 
account of their having the thorax much narrower than the elytra, 
resembling a neck, and with the lateral margins strongly toothed. 

From allied families they are chiefly distinguished by having 
the front and hind coxa? transverse ; the former conical, somewhat 
prominent and contiguous ; the latter slightly separated and dilated 
on the inner side to form a small plate which protects the insertion 
of the thigh. In addition they have the head suddenly but not 
strongly constricted behind, the antenna? 11-jointed, inserted before 
the eyes upon the side of the front, joints nine to eleven somewhat 
larger than those preceding, except the first and second, which are 
thicker ; abdomen with five free, equal ventral segments ; tarsi 5- 
jointed, clothed beneath with long, gray hairs, the fourth joint 
somewhat smaller than those preceding. 

Two genera comprise the family. One of these, 

I. Derodontus Lee, 1861. (Gr., "neck + tooth") 

is represented in the eastern United States and Indiana by the 
single species: 



THE TOOTH-NECKED FUNGUS BEETLES. 



671 



*12S6 (3873). Derodontus maculatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 115, 

Oblong-oval, convex. Dull brownish- yellow ; ely- 
tra with a number of irregular, indistinct, more or 
less connected, darker spots. Thorax about as wide 
as long, disk coarsely granulate and with a deep me- 
dian impression ; margins flattened and armed with 
three or four uneven teeth. Elytra slightly wider be- 
hind the middle, tips rounded, covering the abdomen ; 
each with ten rows of large, quadrate punctures. 
Length 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 250.) 

Throughout the State; common on fungi and 
beneath bark of fungus-covered logs. Hiber- 
nates. April 11-December 10. Kg. 250. x 10. (After sharp.) 

Family XXXI. BYRRHID.E. 

I 

The Pill Beetles. 

Included in this family are short, very convex beetles of small 
or medium size, having the upper surface more or less clothed or 
ornamented with hairs or minute scales. The legs of most of the 
species are very contractile, being capable of being folded up so 
closely against the body that it is with difficulty that they can be 
seen. The name Byrrhus, that of the typical genus to which the 
larger species belong, is derived from the Greek word "bursa," a 
"hide, " and was given the genus by Linnasus, probably on account 
of some fancied resemblance in texture of their upper surface. He 
also gave the specific name pilulus, meaning "a little pill," to a 
European species, on account of its resemblance to a pill or little 
ball, and the name "pill-beetle" has been since applied to the mem- 
bers of the family. The beetles are most common in sandy locali- 
ties, where they are usually found upon the ground, either beneath 
cover or burrowing about the roots of the tufts of coarse grasses 
which grow in such places. The beach of Lake Michigan is a fa- 
vorite locality for them, and along it most of the species known to 
occur in the State have been taken. However, one or two species 
live beneath bark and probably occur throughout the State. 

The principal characters distinguishing the family are the trans- 
verse mentum; the 11- (rarely 10-) jointed antennae, the outer 
joints usually forming an elongate club ; presternum short, truncate 
in front, slightly prolonged and fitting into the mesosternum be- 
hind; elytra covering the abdomen, which has five ventral seg- 
ments; front coxas transverse, separated by the prosternum, the 
[43—23402] 




672 



FAMILY XXXI. — BYRRHID/E. 



eoxal cavities open behind; hind coxte extending to the margin of 
the body, transverse and dilated into a plate partly protecting the 
hind thighs; tarsi short, five-jointed, last joint nearly as long as the 
others united. 

The literature treating of the North American species is as 
follows : 

LeConle.—' 'Synopsis of the Byrrhid* of the United States," in 

Proc. Phil.' Acad. Nat, Sci.. VII, 1854, 113-117. 
Horn,— 1 ' Table of Species of Limnichus," in Bull. U. S. Geol. 

Survey, V, 1879, 514. 
Casey.— "Limnichus," Synopsis of," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

V, 1890, 145-160. 
Forty-six species, distributed among 11 genera, represent the 
family in the United States. Of these 8 species, belonging to four 
genera, have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BYEEHID.E. 

a. Head prominent ; mentum large, elongate, semi-elliptical, coarsely punc- 
tate, entirely closing the mouth below. I. Nosodendron. 
aa. Head retracted; mentum small, quadrate, largely exposing the base of 
the maxilla?. . 

b. Antennae 11-jointed, clavate ; lower face or epistoma not distinct; size 
medium, 5 or more mm. 
a. Front tarsi only retractile. II. Cytilus. 

cc. All the tarsi retractile. Ill- Byrrhus. 

bh. Antenme 10-jointed ; epistoma corneus, separated by a fine suture; 
size small, less than 3 mm. IV. Limnichus. 

I. Nosodendron Lat. 1807. (Gr-.-, "disease + tree. ") 

This genus comprises two oval, convex beetles, having the head 
advanced in front ; mentum as described in hey ; antenna? 11-jointed, 
situated under the side of head. They live beneath the bark of 
trees. One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

1287 (3876). Nosodendron unicolor Say, Long's Exped. to St. Peter's Riv., 
II, 274 ; ibid. I, 180. 
Rounded-oval, strongly convex. Black, somewhat shining ; antenme pic- 
eous. Above uniformly, rather densely and coarsely punctate, more spar- 
ingly and coarsely beneath. Elytra not striate but with rows of short, 
stiff, erect- yellowish hairs, plainly visible only in side light. Length 5- 
5.7 mm. 

Lake, Putnam. Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 
22-July 4. 



THE PILL BEETLES. 



673 



II. Cytilus Ericlis. (Gr., "covering + mud. ") 

In this genus and the next the head is vertical or bent down- 
ward, the labrum distinct and fitting close to the front, and the 
body covered with a line, easily removed pubescence forming varied 
patterns. Two species of Cytilus are known, both of which occur 
in Indiana. 

12SS (3887). Cytilus sericeus Forst, Nov. Spec. Insect., 1771. 

Subovate, narrowed in front, strongly convex. Bronzed black, shining ; 
densely covered with a fine pubescence which, on head and thorax, is nearly 
uniform bronzed ; on elytra the four or five inner intervals are alternately 
narrow and uniform metallic green, and wider, slightly elevated, and green 
tesselated with black. Head and thorax rather finely and densely, elytra 
more sparsely and coarsely, punctate ; the punctures visible only after the 
pubescence is removed. Length 5 mm. 

Lake and Warren counties ; frequent along the beach of Lake 
Michigan. May 28-July 28. 

12S9 (3S88). Cytilus trivittatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1844, 117. 

Resembles the preceding in form and structure but a little larger. Uni- 
form dull bronze ; thorax with a patch of golden hair at middle of base ; 
elytra with the alternate intervals slightly elevated and tesselate with 
squarish black spots. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties, beneath rubbish along the beach of 
Lake Michigan ; scarce. Taken with sericeus, and may eventually 
prove to be the female of that species. May 20-May 28. 

III. Byrrhus Linn. 1766. (dr., "a hide.") 

To this genus belong the largest members of the fam- 
ily. They resemble closely those of Cytilus, but have all 
the tarsi strongly retractile. Two of the eight known 
species from North America have been taken in the State. Byrrhus puliusL. 

(Fig. 251.) A European spe- 

1290 (3889). Byrrhus americanus Lee, Agassiz Lake Sup., 1850, 224. 
Oval, strongly convex, narrowed in front. Black, densely covered with 

fine grayish pubescence; thorax indistinctly marked with gray; elytra each 
with three or four narrow interrupted black lines and a double, narrow, 
sinuous gray crossbar at middle. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties, along the beach of Lake Michigan; 
scarce. May 20-June 10. 

1291 (3895). Byrrhus murinus Fab., Syst. El., I, 1801. 104. 
Rounded-ovate, strongly convex. Black, closely pubescent and covered 

with numerous short, erect, bristle-like hairs; elytra each with four or five 




674 



FA MILY XXXI. — BYR RHID7E . 



narrow, black, slightly elevated lines and a double row of small grayish 
spots arranged crosswise, just behind the middle. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. July 25. 

IV. Limnichus Latr. (Gr., "a pool or marsh + love. ") 

Here belong nearly a score of very small species having the la- 
brum distinct; antenna? inserted at the sides of the front; head 
strongly retracted, the eyes, labrum and mandibles concealed in 
repose. They are found along the borders of streams and lakes, 
where they burrow in the ground and emerge when water is thrown 
on the banks. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIMNICHUS. 

a. Body beneath densely and coarsely punctured; blackish-bronzed, densely 
clothed with yellowish pubescence. 1292. punctate s. 

aa. Body beneath finely, in part sparsely punctured. 

6. Under surface shining; above black, shining, very sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence. 1293. nitidulus. 

&7>. Under surface opaque; above dark brown to piceous, rather densely 
clothed with pale brown or yellowish pubescence. 1294. ovatus. 

1292 (3901). Limnichus punctatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1854, 116. 

Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, densely covered with golden gray pu- 
bescence. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides feebly and evenly 
curved ; surface, as well as that of elytra, coarsely and densely punctate ; 
median groove fine, distinct. Prosternum coarsely punctate, and with a 
wide and deep longitudinal groove. Abdomen coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. May 5-Decem- 
ber 7. In October I once found a number of this species sunning 
themselves on the vertical cliffs of sandstone along the Ohio River 
at Cannelton, Perry County. 

1293 (3907). Limnichus nitidulus Lee, loc. cit., p. 117. 

Oval, narrowed before and behind. Black, shining, very sparsely clothed 
with yellowish pubescence. Thorax sparsely and finely punctate, median 
groove short but distinct; scutellum one-third longer than wide at base, 
highly polished. Elytra sparsely and feebly punctured, the punctures on 
side and near suture semi-obsolete. Prosternum sparsely punctate, median 
groove distinct except on apical fourth. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely 
punctate. Length 1.7 mm. 

Shores of Bass Lake, Starke County; frequent locally; also in 
Webster collection from Indiana, May 18-August 20. Known 
heretofore only from Georgia. 



THE MINUTE MiTD-LOVINf.' BEETLES. 



675 



1294 (3909). Limnichus ovatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 
1854, 117. 

Ovate, rather acutely pointed behind. Above dark brown to piceous, 
shining, conspicuously clothed with pale brownish-yellow pubescence ; an- 
tennae and legs dark reddish-brown ; under surface paler piceous. Thorax 
more than twice as wide as long, sides straight, disk sparsely and very 
finely punctate, without median groove. Elytra nearly four times as long 
as thorax and one-fourth wider, very finely and sparsely punctate. Pro- 
sternum with a deep median groove, which reaches neither base nor apex. 
Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Putnam County; scarce. April 17-October 17. A half dozen 
specimens were sifted during a severe drouth from debris just above 
a hillside spring. Known heretofore only from the "Southern 
States. ' ' 

Family XXXII. GEORYSSIDiE. 

The Minute Mud-loving Beetles. 

A very few minute, rounded, convex species comprise this fam- 
ily. They have the surface roughly sculptured ; antennas short, 9- 
jointed, inserted under the sides of the front, the last three joints 
forming an oval club ; head cleflexed, eyes rounded ; presternum very 
small; mesosternum short and w T ide, sloping downward in front; 
elytra entire ; abdomen with five free ventral segments ; front coxas 
rather prominent, with a deep fissure between them; middle coxae 
oval, w r ell separated; legs short, slender, tarsi 4-jointed, claws 
simple. 

They live on the margins of streams and cover themselves with 
a coating of mud or fine ?and, so that they can be detected only 
when they move. One genus represents the family. 

Georyssus Lat. 1807. (G-r., "earth f dig up.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in 
the United States by two known species. One of these, G. pusillus 
Lee., black, thorax rugosely punctate, strongly margined, with an 
interrupted elevated line on side, elytra with rows of rather coarse 
punctures, length 1.7 mm., doubtless occurs in the State, but no 
verified Indiana specimen has been seen. 

Family XXXIII. PARNIDiE. 

The Long-toed Water Beetles. 

This is a small family of aquatic beetles which live for the most 
part in swift running water, where they cling to flat stones, logs or 



676 



FAMILY XXXIII. PARXID.L. 



aquatic plants. They feed upon decomposing matter in the water 
and thus form one of the agencies which nature has provided for 
purifying streams. The legs are not fitted for swimming, but the 
fifth or last joint of the tarsi is longer than the other four united, 
and is armed with long, simple claws, whence the common name 
above given. This structure of the tarsus is the principal distin- 
guishing character of the family and enables its members to grasp 
firmly objects resting in strong currents of water. By taking an 
old limb or rough stone from the water at a suitable locality and 
placing it in the sun, the insects will move as the water dries, 
though at first nothing can be seen of them, so perfectly do they 
resemble the surface on which they rest. The surface of the body is 
clothed with fine silken hairs which have the property of repelling 
or shedding water and enable the insect to surround itself with a 
film or globule of air while clinging to objects beneath the water. 

The larva of our largest species, Pseplienus leeoniei, resembles in 
appearance a trilobite, being flat and nearly circular in outline, and 
measuring about 8 mm. in length. It is found clinging to stones in 
rapid water or in muck near springs or ponds. The larvae of the 
genera, El mis and Sienelmis are said to be similar in form, except 
that the segments are not united to the margin, which thus appears 
notched or incised. 

Among the more distinctive characters of the family are the 
usually retractile head, with distinct labrum and small mandibles ; 
presternum distinct in front of the coxae, usually elongate behind 
and forming a process received into a definite cavity in the meso- 
sternum ; front coxal cavities widely open ; hind coxa? transverse and 
usually dilated into a plate, which partly protects the thighs ; elytra 
entire ; abdomen usually with five ventral segments, the front ones 
connate or firmly united. 

Nearly 400 species of the family are known, about 50 of which 
occur in North America. The principal literature treating of these 
is as follows : 

LeConte.r— "Synopsis of the Parnidie of the United States," in 

Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, ScL, VI. 1852. 41-44. 
Horn. — "Synopsis of the Parnida? of the United States," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870, 29-42. 
The North American species are distributed among three sub- 
families, all of which are represented in Indiana. 



THE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 



677 



KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PARXID.E. 

a. Abdomen with more than five ventral segments; front coxse with very 
large trochantin ; body subdepressed. 

Subfamily I. Psephenin^:, p. 677. 
aa. Abdomen with only five ventral segments; body convex. 

ft. Front coxse transverse, with distinct trochantin; body clothed with 
a dense silky pubescence. Subfamily II. Parxix.e, p. 678. 

hb. Front coxa? rounded without trochantin ; body feebly pubescent. 

Subfamily III. Elmix.e. p. 679. 

Subfamily I. PSEPHENINAE. 

In this subfamily the head is free, not retractile ; labium broad, 
entirely covering the mandibles; maxillary palpi elongate, the last 
joint wide, hatchet-shaped; antenna? widely separated, serrate, 11- 
jointed. longer than head and thorax; prosternum carinate. pro- 
longed behind into an acute point which fits into a narrow groove 
extending the full length of the mesosternum ; abdomen of male with 
seven ventral segments, the first and second united, fifth broadly 
emarginate. sixth deeply bilobed. visible only around the notch of 
the fifth; seventh rounded, entire, filling the notch of the sixth; 
female with the segment corresponding to the sixth in male absent. 
The subfamily is represented by the single genus 

I. Psephenus Hald. 1863. (Gr.. "dark or obscure.") 

Four species represent the genus in the United States, one of 
which occurs in Indiana. 

1295 (3914). Psephexus lecoxtei Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI.. 
1S52. 41. 

Oval, subdepressed. narrowed in front, obtusely 
rounded behind, very finely punctate and pubescent. 
Black or dull brownish-black ; head and thorax usually 
darker, always deep black in the female. Base of 
thorax twice as wide as apex, bisinuate, distinctly 
lobed at middle ; hind angles acute, sides regularly 
curved. Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 252.) 

Hudson Lake, Laporte County and pool near 
Delong. Fulton County; scarce. August 20. 
Probably occurs throughout the lake region of 
the northern third of the State. LeConte says that "the perfect 
insect lives on bushes oi^er the surface of running water and is also 
found creeping over wet stones in the torrents. ' ' 




FAMILY XXXIII. PARNKLE. 



Subfamily II. PARNINAE. 

In our geuera of this subfamily the head is retractile and pro- 
tected beneath by the prosternum. which is lobed in front; antennse 
short, 11-jointed. the first and second joints enlarged: prosternal 
spine wide ; mesosteriium broad, einarginate ; hind coxa? dilated into 
a plate. Four genera are known, three of which may occur in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE PABXI]^. 

a. Body rounded; eyes not hairy; last joint of maxillary palpi hatchet- 
shaped ; length 3 mm. Ltjtrochus. 
aa. Body elongate; last joint of maxillary palpi elongate; larger. 5-6.5 mm. 
1). Antennae close together at base, their clubs pectinate ; eyes hairy. 

Peloxomes. 

IjIj. Antennae widely separated, their clubs lamellate; eyes glabrous. 

EL Deyops. 

Lutrockus fattens Lee. oval, bronzed, densely clothed with clay- 
yellow hairs, has been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati. 

Pelonomus obscurus Lee. subcylindrical. piceous. densely clothed 
with erect hairs, length 6.5 mm., is recorded from the " Southern 
and Western States." 

II. Dkyops Oliv. 1790. (A mythological name.) 

Oblong species of medium size, having the head retractile and 
when bent downward protected beneath by the lobe of the pro- 
sternum ; joints 4 to 11 of antenna? distinctly lamellate ; prosternal 
spiue wide. Five species are known, from North America, two of 
which have been taken in Indiana, while a third probably occurs. 

KEY TO IXDIAXA SPECIES OF DEYOPS. 

a. Body finely and densely clothed with silky pubescence. 

1296. LTTHOPHEEES. 

aa. Body coarsely pubescent. 

Base of thorax and space along elytral suture without pubescence. 

1297. EASTIGIATUS. 

bl). Surface everywhere pubescent; alternate intervals of elytra more 
convex. striates. 

1296 (3921). Deyops leth ophites Germ.. Ins. Spec. Nov.. 1S21. SS. 

Oblong, subconvex. everywhere covered with a dense and evenly dis- 
tributed silky pubescence which has a slightly bronzed lustre. Thorax 
broader than long, disk convex, base Insinuate, front and hind angles acute. 
Elytra rapidly narrowed behind the middle to an acute apex; last ab- 
dominal segment, as in the next species, nearly devoid of pubescence and 
reddish in hue. Length 5-5.5 mm. 



TTTE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 



679 



Lake, Laporte, Lawrence and Putnam counties; frequent. July 
21-August 20. 

1297 (3922). Deyops fastigiatus Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 275; ibid. 



Similar in size and form to the preceding. Differs in having the basal 
region of the thorax rather suddenly depressed, smooth, shining and wholly 
without pubescence. Sides of elytra densely pubescent, but a space on each 
side of the suture, reaching the second or third row of punctures on basal 
half and widening to the fourth row on apical half, with only a few scat- 
tered hairs; punctures large, coarse. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Wells, Hancock, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. August 10- 
October 20. The Vigo County specimen was taken from beneath a 
log in a deep ravine. 

D. striaius Lec, elongate, blackish-olivaceous, 6 mm. in length, 
is a boreal species extending across the continent. 



Here the front coxae are rounded without trochantin ; abdomen 
with five ventral segments, the fifth rounded at tips; antennas sim- 
ple, inserted upon the front near the eyes ; middle coxas w T idely sepa- 
rated ; hind coxae separated, not dilated into a plate, protecting the 
thighs. Four genera are known, all of which may occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE ELMINiE. 

a. Head protected beneath by a prosternal lobe. 
1). Antennae 11-jointed. 

c. Front tibiae pubescent on the inner side ; thorax in our species with- 



er. Front tibia? glabrous on the inner side ; thorax with a distinct me- 



I, 181. 



Subfamily III. ELMINAE. 



out median groove. 



III. Elmis. 



dian groove. 
bb. Antenna? 6-jointed. 
era. Head free ; presternum not lobed ; antenna? 11-jointed. 



IV. Stenelmis. 
Mackonychtjs. 
Ancyronyx. 



III. Elmis Latr. 1802. (Gr., "I drive.") 




This genus comprises about 20 small, elongate 
or oval species (Fig. 253) , of which the following 
may occur in Indiana : 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELMIS. 



a. Thorax with even surface ; i. e., without elevated 



lines or folds. 



J). Thorax more or less reddish-brown, slightly nar- 
rower from base to apex. 



Fig. 253. 



129S. VITTATUS. 



bb. Thorax black, slightly bronzed. 
aa. Thorax with more or less uneven surface. 



QUADRINOTATUS. 



680 



FAMILY XXXIII. — PARNID^E, 



c. Thorax with a short elevated line each side at base ; elytra each with 
an oblique clay-yellow stripe. 
d. Elytral intervals distinctly punctured; oblique pale stripe entire, 
extending from humerus nearly to apex. fastiditus. 
dd. Elytral intervals scarcely punctured ; oblique pale stripe broken. 

1299. ovalis. 

cc. Thorax with oblique folds converging backward, its sides sinuate. 

PUSILLUS. 

1298 (3925). Elmis vittatus Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844,99. 
Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Piceous black, shining; elytra each 

with a yellowish stripe, broadest at base, extending from humerus nearly 
to apex ; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax slightly broader 
than long, gradually narrower from base to apex, sides feebly rounded; 
disk convex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytral stria? feebly im- 
pressed, the punctures fine, separated one from another by a space greater 
than their own diameters. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marshall and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 16- August 5. 

E. quadrhwtatus Say, elytra with a pale spot at base and an- 
other behind middle; length 2.3 mm., is known from the Middle 
States and Canada. E. fastiditus Lee, bronzed black, elytra with 
an entire reddish-yellow stripe, length 4 mm., is a boreal species 
which may occur in northern Indiana, 

1299 (3931). Elmis ovalis Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 74. 

Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, finely and sparsely pubescent; elytra 
each with an oblique narrow, dull yellow, usually interrupted, stripe reach- 
ing from humerus to apex ; tarsi and antenna? reddish- yellow. Thorax 
with an elevated line each side at base; sides feebly curved; disk convex, 
densely and finely punctate. Elytra deeply striate, stria? with coarse punc- 
tures ; intervals very finely punctulate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. 

Kosciusko, Fountain, Starke and Knox counties, rare; Lawrence 
County, frequent in the swift stream emerging from Hamer's Cave, 
east of Mitchell. June 8-September 7. 

E. pusillus Lee, black, elytra each with a humeral and subapical 
yellowish spot and with the second, fourth and sixth intervals cari- 
nate, length 2 mm., is known from the Middle States and Canada. 

IV. Stenelmis Dufour. 1835. (Gr., "narrow + Elmis.") 

Elongate, subcylindrical species, very closely allied to Elmis. 
Six are listed from the United States, three of which may occur in 
the State, while a fourth is herewith described. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STENELMIS. 

a. Second elytral interval not elevated at base; elytra black with a broad 
yellow stripe; length 2-2.5 mm. linearis. 
aa. Second elytral interval elevated on basal third. 



THE LONG-TOED WATER BEETLES. 



GS1 



b. Form subdepressed ; thorax with sides strongly rounded, its disk 
with tbree oblique tubercles each side of the median channel. 

CREXATUS. 

bb. Form elongate, convex; sides of thorax less rounded, more or less 
sinuate at middle. 
c. Thorax scarcely broader at base than apex; pale stripe of elytra 
always entire. 1300. bicaeixatus. 

cc. Thorax distinctly wider at base than apex; pale stripe of elytra 
broadly interrupted at middle. 1301. sulcatus. 

S. linearis Zimm. and S. crenatus Say have both been recorded 
from Cincinnati by Dury. 

1300 (3949). Stexelmis bicaeixatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat ScL. VI, 

1852, 44. 

Elongate, subeylmdrical. Dull black ; thorax tinged with bronze ; ely- 
tra each with a rather broad yellow stripe extending from humerus seven- 
eighths to apex ; tarsi and antennae reddish-brown. Thorax with the sides 
parallel in front of and behind the middle, scarcely broader at base than 
apex ; the dorsal channel and an oblique groove each side distinct. Second 
elytral interval distinctly but feebly carinate near base, the fifth earinate 
its full length; stria? rather deeply and coarsely punctured on base, more 
faintly near apex. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Spencer County: rare. June 13. Described from Ohio. 

1301 ( )• Stexelmis sulcatus. sp nov. 

Broader, more robust and less convex than bicarinatus. Deep black; 
elytra each with an oblong yellow spot behind humerus and a more elon- 
gate one on apical third ; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax finely 
and sparsely granulate and with a deep median groove extending from 
base three-fourths to apex, the sides of groove convergent near base ; disk 
also with two oblong oblique tubercles each side of groove, the hind one 
separated from the latter by an oblique depression. Elytra with second 
interval elevated on basal third, fifth carinate its full length ; stria? coarsely, 
shallowly and rather closely punctate. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake Maxinkuckee. Marshall County: frequent. October 26. 
Specimens were sent me by H. Walton Clark, of the IT. S. Fish Com- 
mission, who reported it as -'apparently spending its life in the 
intervals of the marly growth on mussels, etc.. at the bottom of the 
lake, and can usually be procured in numbers by examining the 
concretions of marl." From the descriptions I at first thought it 
to be qu ad rimac Hiatus Horn, but comparison with eotypes of the 
latter at Cambridge, shows the sculpture of thorax to be wholly 
different. Several unnamed specimens of sulcatus from New York 
were in the Cambridge collection. 



682 



FAMILY XXXIV. — HETEROCERIDiE. 



Macronychus glabratus Say, blackish, antennae pale reddish- 
brown, seventh interval carinate, length 3-3.5 mm., is known from 
Pennsylvania. 

Ancyronyx variegatus Germ., black, elytra with yellow stripes, 
length 3-3.5 mm., is recorded from the Middle States and Ten- 
nessee. 

Family XXXIV. HETEBOCERIDiE. 

The Variegated Mud-loving Beetles. 

To this family belong a small number of subdepressed, oblong or 
elongate, semi-aquatic beetles which live in galleries which they ex- 
cavate in the sand or mud along the borders of streams and lakes. 
When disturbed they run from their galleries and take night, as do 
certain species of Bembidium, They are of a brownish or blackish 
color, usually variegated with undulated bands or spots of dull yel- 
low, and have the body very finely punctate and densely clothed 
with short, silky pubescence. From the Parnida?, with which they 
were formerly grouped, they differ mainly in having the front and 
middle tibiae widened and armed with spines on the outer edge, thus 
enabling them to burrow in the wet sand which they and their larvas 
inhabit. 

The name Heterocerus, that of the typicai and only genus, comes 
from two Greek words meaning '''different" and "horn," and was 
so given from the irregularity of the 11-jointed antennae, joints 5 to 
11 of which form an oblong, serrate club (Fig. 4, No. 9). 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the members of the 
family have the mentum large, oblong, deeply emarginate in front ; 
thorax transverse with rounded angles ; presternum lobed in front, 
acute behind; mesosternum very short, deeply emarginate; elytra 
entirely covering the abdomen, which is composed of five nearly 
equal ventral segments, the fifth only being movable, the others 
connate; front coxa? oval, transverse, the cavities widely open be- 
hind; tarsi 4- jointed, the second and third joints shorter than the 
others. 

The only paper treating of the North American species is that bj 
Horn,— ' ' The Species of Heterocerus of Boreal America," in 
Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, XVII, 1890, 1-16, pi. I. 

I. Heterocerus Bosc. 1792. (Gr., "different + horn. ") 

In the paper above cited, Dr. Horn reduced the 1 6 species of the 
genus listed by Henshaw to nine, and added two new ones. One of 
the principal characters used by him in separating the species is the 



THE VAKIEGATEE MUD-LOVING BEETLES. 683 

presence or absence of the post-mesocoxal line This is ;m elevated 
line on the metasternum which "begins at the middle of the hind 
border of the middle coxa? and extends obliquely backward, joining 
the suture between the metasternnm and its episternum." The 
first ventral segment bears a stridulating organ in the shape of an 
elevated curved ridge which is finely striate transversely, and when 
rubbed by the hind legs, produces a quite distinct sound. Of the 
11 species recognized by Horn, seven have been taken in Indiana, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HETEEOCERUS. 

a. Thorax with a pale median stripe; stridulating ridge of first ventral 
segment complete, forming nearly a semicircle; an elevated oblique 
line on the epipleura near the base. (Fig. 256, c.) 

1302. AUBOMICANS. 

aa. Thorax without a pale median stripe; stridulating ridge of first ven- 
tral incomplete, extending from the front angle in a curved line to 
hind border; epipleura without an oblique elevated line near the 
base. 

Jj. Metasternnm without a post-mesocoxal line ; elytra never with a spot 
at base near suture. 

c. Labruni of male narrowed at tip and prolonged forward in a 

process ; size larger, 6 mm. ; elytra obsoletely substriate. 

1303. VENTEALIS. 

cc. Labrum of male not prolonged forward in a process; size smaller, 
not over 4.5 mm. ; elytra usually distinctly substriate. 

1304. TINDATUS. 

hi). Metasternum with a post-mesocoxal line. 

d. Elytra usually brownish or piceous, always with more or less dis- 

tinct dull yellow spots or markings ; mandibles of male without 
basal lobe extending over the labrum. 
e. Elytra without a pale spot at base near suture. 

/. Elytra usually substriate, the pale markings much broken; 
legs more or less piceous ; larger, 3.5—4 mm. 

1305. BRUNNEUS. 

ff. Elytra not substriate. the markings well defined and broad: 
legs wholly pale ; length not over 3 mm. schwarzi. 
ee. Elytra wuth a pale spot at base near suture. 

g. General color of upper surface brownish or pale ; thorax mere- 
ly slightly darker at middle; mandibles of male with an 
angulate basal lobe on outer side. 1306. collabis. 

gg. General color piceous ; thorax piceous, often sharply bordered 
with pale; mandibles of male not prominent at base. 

1307. teistis. 

dd. Elytra pale without yellow marks, often with a broad fuscous 
sutural space; mandibles of male with a basal lobe extending 
over the base of labrum, 130S. pusillus. 



684 



FAMILY XXXIV. — HETEROCERIDrE. 



1302 (3958). Hetekocerus auromicans Kies., Rev. Linn. Ent., V, 1851, 

287. 

Oblong, convex. Piceous, sparsely clothed with golden, short, scale- 
like, recumbent hairs ; sides and median stripe of thorax pale. Elytra with 
sides, two sinuous entire bands and short subapical lunule, yellow; femora 
and tarsi reddish-yellow, tibiae piceous. Elytra parallel, faintly substriate. 
Labrum of male, transverse, narrowed in front, apex emarginate-truncate. 
Length 3.5^t.5 mm. (Fig. 256, c.) 

Starke, Fountain and Vigo counties; frequent. April 26- Au- 
gust 20. Easily known by the pale median stripe of thorax, and 
the entire stridulating ridge on first ventral segment. 

1303 (3957). Heterocerus ventralis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 98. 

Oblong, feebly convex. Piceous, clothed 
with short, semi-erect yellowish or brownish 
pubescence ; front angles of thorax yellow ; 
elytra with three sinuous bands of dull yel- 
low spots, which are interrupted on the disk 
and not united at the margin by a pale bor- 
der ; rarely a basal spot near scutellum ; 
femora reddish-yellow, piceous at base, tibiae 
piceous, tarsi pale. Thorax of male slightly 
wider than elytra, not narrowed in front ; 
that of female distinctly narrowed in front, 
not broader than elytra. Elytra parallel in 
both sexes, faintly substriate. Length 6- 
6.5 mm. (Fig. 254.) 

Lawrence County; scarce. August 18. Our largest species. 

1304 (3970). Heterocerus undattjs Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 98. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Piceous or brown ; thorax often with the 
front angles yellow, or the sides narrowly yellow ; elytra with two sinuate 
bands more or less interrupted (often united at the margin by an entire 
pale border), a rounded subapical spot and an apical lunule, yellow; body 
beneath piceous, the sides of abdomen narrowly yellow. Elytra usually 
substriate. Length 4^t.5 mm. (Fig. 255, a.) 

Throughout the State ; 
common. April 6-Oetober 
21. Resembles the next 
species very closely, but 
distinguished by the ab- 
sence of post meso-coxal 
lines, and by having the 
front angles or sides of tho- 
rax reddish-yellow. Fig. 255. a, H. undatus, female; b, H. coUaris, male; c, H. cdkris, 

small var. (After Horn.) 





Fig. 254. H. ventralis, a, male; b, female, 
var. (After Horn.) 






THE VARIEGATED MUD-LOVING BEETLES. 



685 



1305 ( ). Heterocerus brunnevs Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844. 99. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Piceous, slightly shining; elytra with the 
usual three sinuous bands of dull yellow, often broken into spots, some- 
times scarcely distinct : the front band usually with a dash projected for- 
ward from the middle; the hind one usually forming two rounded spots 
near apex but not touching margin: body beneath entirely piceous. Ely- 
tra more distinctly substriate than in the other species. Length 3-4 mm. 

Frequent about the lakes of northern Indiana ; elsewhere taken 
only in Marion and Lawrence counties. May 11-December 7. 

H. schwarzi Horn, is known from Pennsylvania, Lake Superior 
and Texas. (Fig. 256, &.) 

1306 (3965). Heterocerus collaris Kies.. Revis. Linn. Ent, Y. 1851, 292. 
Oblong, moderately convex. Dull sooty brown or piceous. clothed with 

brownish hair; sides of thorax pale; elytra each with an indistinct spot 
near scutellum and two sinuous bands, often more or less interrupted and 
sometimes indistinct, yellow; body beneath piceous, sides and apex of ab- 
domen yellowish : legs entirely reddish-yellow. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, sides and base curved, the latter Insinuate. Length 2.5-4 mm. (Fig. 
255. 1) and c. ) 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 11 -August 17. 




Fig. 256.. a, H. tristis, female; b, H. schwarzi, female; c, H. auromkans; d, H. pus'Jlus. (After Horn.) 

1307 (3960). Heterocerus trtstis Mann., Bull. Mosc. Ill, 1853, 21S. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous, sparsely clothed with short, brownish 
pubescence; sides of thorax indistinctly paler: elytra with the side margins 
entirely but narrowly pale, the usual sinuous bands broken into short longi- 
tudinal lines as follows : an oblique stripe on each side of scutellum. on each 
side of this one-third from base a short stripe ; behind this near middle a 
pair of oblong spots, and another pair on apical fourth ; beneath piceous. 
the sides of abdomen narrowly pale. Elytra vaguely substriate. epipleura 
pale. Length 3.5—1 mm. (Fig. 256. a.) 

Lake. Starke and Kosciusko counties: scarce. July 18-Au- 
gust 25. 



686 



SERIES III. — SERRICORNIA. 



1308 (3969). Heterocerus pusillus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 200 ; ibid. II, 128. 
Oblong, moderately convex. Dull yellow to pale sooty-brown, either 
uniform in color or with a broad darker median band extending from base 
of head to tips of elytra ; epipleura and legs pale. Elytra parallel, not sub- 
striate. Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 256, d.) 

Putnam and Crawford counties, scarce; frequent on border of 
pond near University farm east of Mitchell. July 10-August 7. 
Readily known by its small size and absence of usual yellow spots 
on elytra. 

Series III. SERRICORNIA. 

This series is primarily distinguished, as its name indicates, by 
the serrate or saw-tooth character of the antennas. The serrate an- 
tenna is, like the filiform, usually slender and of nearly the same 
width throughout, but differs in having each joint project more or 
less inwards, this projection being sometimes so long as to form 
what is called the pectinate or comb-toothed antenna. As w^e have 
already noted, some of the families connect so closely with those of 
the Clavicornia that they are included in both tables. In all but 
two the tarsi are 5-jointed. 

Their food is variable in character, but consists for the most 
part of either living or decaying wood or other vegetable matter, or 
in those species with soft body covering, mainly of larvae, small 
worms, snails and other living matter. All the families of the series 
are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF SERRICORNIA. 

a. First and second ventral segments firmly united ; antennas serrate, never 
elongate (pectinate in the male of Xenorhipis) ; tarsi with mem- 
branous lobes beneath ; prosternal spine received in a cavity of the 
mesosternum ; thorax fitting closely to the elytra. 

Family XXXIX. Buprestid^e, p. 776. 
act. Ventral segments all free and movable. 

1). Tarsi 4-jointed; antennae short, terminal joints thicker (flabellate 
in Rhipidandrus ) ; form cylindrical ; length less than 3.5 mm. 

Family XLVII. Cioidje, p. 895. 

l)b. Tarsi in part or wholly 5-jointed. 

c. Hind tarsi 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed ; form oval, convex ; 
length less than 3 mm. Family XL VI II. Sphindid^e, p. 901. 
cc. Tarsi all 5-jointed. 

d. First joint of tarsi very short and imperfectly separated from 
the second ; antenixal club 3- or 4-jointed, first ventral segment 
not elongated (subfamily Bostrichinw) ; antennal club Si- 
jointed, first ventral elongated (subfamily Lyctince). 

Family XLIV. Bostrichid^, p. 8S6. 
dd. First joint of tarsi distinct (except in some Gleridw), often 
longer than the second ; first ventral not elongate. 



; 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF SERRICORNIA: 687 

e. Hind coxa! plates with grooves for the reception of the femora 
in repose. 
/. Front" coxae globose. 
if. Thorax loosely jointed, its hind angles usually prolonged 
backwards; prosternal spine loosely received in a notch 
in mesosternuin. so as to admit of a springing motion ; 
front coxal cavities entirely surrounded by the pro- 
sternum. Family XXXVII. Elaterid.e. p. <"»iH». 
gg. Thorax firmly attached to the remainder of the body; pro- 
sternal spine prolonged but not movable; front coxal 
cavities closed behind by the mesosternum ; length less 
than 5 mm. Family XXXVIII. Throscid.e. p. 77."5. 
if. Front coxa? transverse. 

//. Onychium (pad between the tarsal claws) large and hairy ; 
antenna? of males usually flabellate ; length 11 or 
more mm. Family XXXVI. Rhipkeridje. p. 696. 

lih. Onychium small or wanting. 

i. Head constricted behind : eyes smooth ; flanks of thorax 
(in our species) excavated for the reception of the 
front legs; body- .covered with small scales. 

Family XLV. Ccpesiile. p. S92. 
li. Head not constricted behind ; eyes granulated. 

./'. Epimera of mesothorax reaching the middle coxa?; 
body coverings rather soft and flimsy; form usually 
oval or hemispherical, convex ; length less than 
6.5 mm. Family XXXV. Dascyllidje. p. 6SS. 

/./'. Epimera of mesothorax not reaching the coxa?; pro- 
sternum very short : thorax usually extending as a 
form of hood above the head, the latter bent under 
and rarely visible from above : length less than 
7 mm. Family XLIII. Ptixtd-E. p. S62. 

ee. Hind coxal plates not grooved. 
k. Hind coxa? flat. 

I. Presternum not prolonged behind; tarsal joints 1-1 with 

membranous lobes beneath, the first joint often indis- 
tinct. Family XLII. Clerid.e. p. 846. 

II. Presternum prolonged behind. 

m. Front coxal cavities entirely surrounded by the pro- 
sternum : hind coxa? without plates ; trochanters of 
middle and hind legs very long. 

Subfamily (XXXVII ). Oerophytinw, p. 773. 
mm. Front coxal cavities partly formed by the mesosternum: 
antenna? without club : length less than 4.5 mm. 

Genus ( XXXVITI). Dra petes, p. 774. 
1:1c. Hind coxa? prominent. 

tii Front coxa? conical, prominent, without trochantin : tarsi 
slender ; form elongate, narrow : length 10 or more mm. 
(only 2.2 mm. in Micromaltlius) . 

Family XLV I. Eymexyloxid.e. p. 894. 

[44—23402] 



688 FAMILY XXXV.— DASCTLLIDJK. 

nn. Front coxae long with distinct trochantin ; body and ely- 
tra softer than usual, flexible, the parts not well co- 
adapted; thorax usually with a broad, thin margin. 
o. Visible ventral segments seven or eight, some of them 
often with light-giving power ; fourth joint of tarsi 
more or less bilobed. 

Family XL. Lampyridje. p. SOT. 
oo. Visible ventral segments five or six. none with light- 
giving power : fourth joint of tarsi entire ; elytra more 
or less truncate and widest near their tips ; length less 
than 6 mm. Family XLI. Malachiid-E. p. 839. 

Family XXXV. DASCYLLID.E. 

The Soft-bodied Plant Beetles. 

A family of small size, composed, for the most part, of small, 
hemispherical or oval, subeonvex species of rather soft texture and 
dull color. They occur mostly on plants near water, though some 
are found on dead timber, a few in running water and others in 
rotten wood. The name of the typical genus. Dascyllus, comes from 
the Greek words meaning ''thick" and "shaded." and probably re- 
fers to the dusky or piceous hue of many of the species, or perhaps 
to the shaded places along streams which they inhabit. 

The most important characters possessed by the family are the 
widely separated. 11- jointed, more or less serrate antenna? which 
are inserted beneath a slight ridge immediately in front of the eyes; 
head sometimes prominent but usually defiexed; elytra covering 
the abdomen, which has five free ventral segments, the fifth rounded 
at tip ; front coxae transverse, either with large trochantin or none 
at all. the cavities widely open behind; middle coxa? smaller, sub- 
transverse: hind coxa? transverse, nearly contiguous, dilated into a 
plate partly covering the thighs: tarsi 5-jointed, claws simple or 
pectinate. 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Atopida? and Cyphonida? of the 
United States." in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI. 1853, 
350-357. 

Horn. — "Synopsis of the Dascyllida? of the United States." in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VIII. 1880. 76-114. 

Only about 400 species of the family are known. 50 of which are 
listed from the United States. These are distributed between two 
subfamilies. 



THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 



KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF DASCYLLIDJE. 

a. Front coxa? with large and distinct troehantin ; covering of body usually 
firm. Subfamily I. Dascyllix.e, p. 689. 

aa. Front coxa? without troehantin; covering of body usually soft and thin. 

Subfamily II. Helodix.f:, p. 690. 

Subfamily I. DASCYLLINAE. 

In addition to the distinct troehantin. the mandibles are more 
prominent than in the Helodina? ; tibia? never biearinate on outer 
side and bearing smaller spurs. The following genera are perhaps 
represented in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DA S C Y LLI X JE . 

a. Hind coxa? narrowly separated; lower face prolonged, concealing the 
mandibles and most of the labrum. 
Jj. Antenna? slender, elongate, joints 2-3-4 very short, subequal, to- 
gether not longer than fifth. Macropogox. 
hb. Antenna? subserrate. joints 2 and 3 only short, together equal to 
fourth. I. Eurypogox. 

aa. Hind coxa? contiguous : lower face short, labrum and mandibles visible. 
c. Claws pectinate ; thorax acutely margined. Odoxtoxyx. 
cc. Claws simple : thorax not acutely margined : middle coxa? not more 
widely separated than the front ones. Axchytarsus. 

Macropogon rufipes Horn, oblong, piceous. legs and antenna? red- 
dish-brown, length 5.5 mm., is recorded from Illinois. 

I. E urypogox Motsch. 1859. ( Gr. . ' ; wide - beard. ' ' ) 

Head free, slightly -deflexed and received in the thorax as far as 
the eyes: antenna? slender, more than half the length of body, joints 
4-11 slender, subequal : prosternum prolonged, meeting the meso- 
sternum. carinate on each side. Two species are known, one of 
which occurs from Pennsylvania to Kansas, including Indiana. 

1309 (3974). Eurypogox xiger Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, II. 1844, 
309, 

Oblong, convex. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent. Thorax one-half 
broader than long, slightly broader at base, sides straight, surface sparsely 
and coarsely punctate. Elytra oblong, parallel, slightly wider than thorax, 
with rows of coarse, closely placed punctures ; intervals much narrower 
than the stride, each with a row of very fine punctures. Length 4-^.5 mm. 

Marshall. Vigo. Orange. Floyd and Posey counties ; rare. May 
30-June 23. Beaten from leaves of hickory and oak. 

Odonionyx trivittis Germ., oblong-oval, piceous. thorax reddish- 
yellow with two large black spots, length 8-9 mm., occurs in the 
Middle States. 



690 



FAMILY XXXV. D AS C YLLI DM . 



Anchytarsus bicolor Melsh., oblong-oval, piceous, femora paler, 
length 5-6 mm., ranges from New York to Georgia. 

Subfamily II. HELODINAE. 

Species less than 6 mm. in length, occurring on plants near 
water. The following genera are probably represented in the 
State : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HELODIX-E. 

a. Tarsi with the fourth joint very small, the third lobed beneath ; form 
more elongate: antenna] joints of male with an articulated appen- 
dage. II. Ptilodactyla. 
oa. Tarsi with the fourth joint as large or larger than the third; form 
usually oval or hemispherical. 
J). Hind coxae very large; form elongate-oval. III. Eucinetvs. 
1)1). Hind coxae at most dilated on the inner side. 

c. Front narrowed by the insertion of the antenme ; prosternum dis- 
tinct before and between the front coxae. 

d. Tarsi slender,- fourth joint smaller than third and not prolonged 

beneath the fifth. IV. Ectopeia. 

dd. Tarsi slightly dilated, joints 2-3-4 feebly emarginate, the fourth 
slightly prolonged beneath the fifth. Dicbaxopselaphes. 
cc. Front moderately broad; prosternum very short before and very 
narrow between the coxae. 

e. Third joint of labial palpi arising from the side of the second. 

f. Hind femora normal ; tibial spurs moderate ; hind tarsi flat 
above and bicarinate: color usually variegated. 
g. First joint of antennas expanded. V. Pbioxocyphox. 

gg. First joint of antennas not expanded. 

li. Hind tarsi convex above, not carinate. third joint nor- 
mally visible : color brownish-yellow. Microcara. 
////. Hind tarsi flat and bicarinate above, third joint in great 
part concealed by the prolonged upper edge of the sec- 
ond joint. VI. Helodes. 
ff. Hind femora broad, fitted for jumping: spurs of hind tibia} 
long; color usually dull, uniform. VII. Scibtes. 
ee. Third joint of labial palpi arising from the end of the second ; 
tarsi convex above, not carinate: color usually dull. 

VIII. Cyphox. 

II. Ptilodactyla Latr. 1829. (G-r., " wing + toed.") 

Head deflexed and partially concealed from above by the thorax ; 
antenna? of female simple, those of male with joints 1 to 10 each 
furnished with a slender, articulated cylindrical appendage arising 
from the base and as long as the joint itself: prosternum narrowly 



THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 



691 



prolonged between the front coxie : tarsal claws with a broad, rec- 
tangular tooth at base. 

1310 (3986). Ptilodactyla serricollis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1823, 186; ibid. II, 119. 

Oblong-oval. Chestnut brown to piceous, 
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent; legs 
and antennae pale. Thorax viewed from above, 
nearly semicircular, apex slightly prolonged 
over head, lateral margin acute ; basal mar- 
gin with three small teeth opposite scutellum ; 
surface coarsely and rather densely punc- 
tured. Elytra not wider than thorax, with 
striae of rather coarse punctures; intervals 
sparsely punctulate, scutellar stria long. Tooth 
of tarsal claw basal, not reaching the mid- 
dle of claw. Length 4-6 mm. (Fig. 266.) 

Throughout the State, frequent in 
the northern counties; less so in the 
southern portion. May 29-July 5. 
Beaten from vegetation about the border's of lakes and marshes. 




Fig. 266. Male. X 5. (Original.) 



III. Eucinetus Germ. 1818. (Gr.. "well + moving.") 

Head strongly deflexed, resting on the front coxae, the front pro- 
longed in a feeble beak; thorax short, narrowed in front; proster- 
num very short in front of the coxae, which are long and conical ; 
hind coxae formed of broad oblique plates which reach the side mar- 
gin of the body and cover the greater part of the first ventral seg- 
ment ; tarsal claws small, simple. The following species may occur 
within the State : 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUCINETUS. 

a. Elytra punctured ; hind tibia? with two spurs. 
1). Punctures rather coarse ; body ovate, convex. 

c. Elytra substriate near the tip ; color piceous. ovifoemis. 
cc. Elytra without striae except the sutural ; color dull brownish-yel- 
low. TESTACEUS. 

hi). Punctures dense and rather fine; elytra with sutural stria only ; 
brownish or piceous. punctulatus. 
aa. Elytra not punctate but with fine transverse wrinkles or strigse. 

d. LTind tibiae with two spurs ; nearly black. 1311. moeio. 

del. Hind tibiae with one long spur. 

e. Tips of elytra reddish ; strigae very close. 1312. terminalis. 

ee. Tips not reddish ; strigae much farther apart, surface more shining. 

strigosus. 



692 FAMILY XXXV. DASC YLLID JE . 

E. ou iformis Lee., length 4 mm., is known from Illinois and 
Ohio: E. testaceus Lee., more slender, length 3.5 mm., is said to oc- 
cur from Canada to Pennsylvania: E. punctulatus Lee., length 2.5 
mm., is recorded from Michigan and Virginia. 

1311 (3992). Eittxetus morio Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Set, VI, 1S53, 

357. 

Elongate-oval, narrower behind, convex. Blackish-piceous. sparsely pu- 
bescent : bead and thorax with a reddish tinge. Thorax wider than long, 
the sides strongly sloping downward, disk finely and sparsely punctulate. 
Elytra distinctly snbstriate. their surface densely transversely strigose. 
Sixth segment of abdomen visible in female, a small seventh segment in 
male. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Kosciusko and Knox counties: scarce. May 1— June 25. Taken 
from beneath bark and in a hard, woody, yellowish fungus on oak 
stumps. Narrower than terminalis and more acutely attenuate 
behind. 

1312 (3993). Eucixetus termixalis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Set, VI. 

1853.' 357 i no name I : List Col. N. Amer.. 1S65. 50. 
Form and sculpture of inorio. Piceous or black, finely pubescent; ely- 
tra with a well defined rufous spot at tip : antenna? and legs pale. Head 
and thorax finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake and Marion comities : rare. April lOr-May 28. One speci- 
men was taken from beneath a log close to a dead shrew. It leaped 
like a flea very rapidly several times in succession, then buried itself 
in the dirt. 

E. strigosus Lee. black, legs and antennae reddish-brown, length 
2.5 mm., is recorded from Ohio. 

IV. Ectopria Lee. 1S53. (Or.. " outside - to make a harsh 

sound.") 

Head small, nearly vertical, received in the thorax as far as the 
eyes, which are partly concealed: antennas half the length of body, 
distinctly serrate in the male : tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth 
in both sexes, those of male bifid at tip. One species is known from 
the eastern United States and Indiana. 

1313 (3995). Ectopria nervosa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 

1844, 222. 

Oval, broadest behind the middle, moderately convex, sparsely pubes- 
cent, Color variable, usually piceous: thorax often with pale lateral mar- 
gins; elytra of female often paler than thorax and with three dark lines 
which unite before the apex. Thorax twice as wide as long, much nar- 
rowed in front; apex truncate, half as wide as base, hind angles subacute; 



THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 



693 



surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not wider at base than tho- 
rax, gradually broader to apical third, surface sparsely punctate. Length 
3-5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 19. Beaten from foliage in low 
ground. 

Dicranopselaphus variegahis Horn, broadly oval, brownish, tho- 
rax darker, elytra clouded, length 3 mm., is recorded from Illinois. 

V. Prionocyphon Redt, 1S58. ( Gr., ' 4 a saw + bent, ' ' ) 

Head de/flexed; antennas slender, longer than half the body. 
Prosternum very short in front of coxae, prolonged in a slender plate 
between them; hind coxae suddenly dilated into an oval plate on 
inner side ; tarsal claws simple. 

1314 (3998). Pbionocyphon discoideus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V, 1825, 161 ; ibid. II, 272. 
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Yellow ; elytra with a large 
disCal black spot of variable size, sometimes covering three-fourths of the 
surface. Antenme yellow, those of the males bipectinate, joints 4 to 10, 
each being furnished with a cylindrical appendage on each side at base, 
this longer than the joint itself (Fig. 3, No. 3). Thorax short, transverse, 
very little narrowed in front, base Insinuate, surface sparsely punctulate. 
Elytra coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Orange, Perry and Posey counties; rare. May 12- June 1. 
Taken by beating foliage, and at electric light. 

Microcara explanata Lee, elongate- oval, brownish-yellow, length 
5-5.5 mm., is known from Canada and Michigan. 

VI. HELODEsPayk. 1798. (Gr., "marshy.") 

Head deflexed, usually concealed from above by the prolonged 
thorax ; antennae slender, first joint oval, second round, scarcely half 
the size of first ; third minute, fourth as long as the preceding three ; 
5 to 11 equal, a little shorter than the fourth. Prosternum not pro- 
longed between the coxa?, which are prominent and contiguous ; sec- 
ond joint of tarsi with two dentiform projections which nearly con- 
ceal the small third joint; claws simple. Two species have been 
taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELODES. 

a. Form oval, longer than broad. 

b. Elytra yellow with two black spots on each. 1315. pulchella. 

N). Elytra entirely black. fuscipennis. 
aa. Broadly ovate, nearly as broad as long; elytra entirely black. 

1316. THORACICA. 



694 



FAMILY XXXV. DASCYLLTD7E. 



1315 (4003). Helodes pulchella Guer., Spec, et Icon., Ill, 1845, 13. 

Elliptical, finely pubescent. Yellow ; elytra each 

with an oval basal piceous spot, and another much 
larger, reaching from before the middle to apex. 
Thorax semicircular, base bisinuate, entire margin 
slightly reflexed, disk sparsely and finely punctate. 
Elytra rather densely punctured. Length 3.5-5 mm. 
(Fig. 267.) 

Orange, Posey and Crawford counties; 
scarce. April 18- June 1. Eight or ten speci- 
mens were secured on the former date by sift- 
ing the rotten debris from the center of an 

Fig. 267. X 7. (Original.) ^ ^ stump> 

H. fuscipennis Guer., yellow, elytra black or piceous, length 4.5- 
5 mm., ranges from Pennsylvania to Texas. 

1316 (4005). Helodes thoeacica Guer., loc. cit., p. 14. 
Broadly oval, nearly as broad as long. Black, tho- 
rax and antennae yellow ; body beneath and femora pic- 
eous, tibiae and tarsi paler. Thorax as in pulchella. Ely- 
tra not densely punctured. Last ventral segment of male 
emarginate. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. (Fig. 268.) 

Marshall and Vigo counties; rare. June 10- 
September 28. 

VII. Scirtes Illig. 1807. (Gr., "a dancer.") 

Fig. 268. 

Head derlexed; antenna; slender, half as long as 
body ; presternum short, not prolonged between the coxae, which are 
prominent and contiguous; hind coxae suddenly dilated on inner 
side into a small plate ; hind femora oval, very much enlarged, the 
tibiae with one long and a shorter spur; tarsi with fourth joint bi- 
lobed, the first joint of the hind ones as long as the other joints com- 
bined. 

1317 (4006). Scirtes orbiculatus Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 503. 
Broadly oval, sparsely pubescent. Black or piceous, shining; elytra 

with an oblong-oval reddish-yellow spot on middle of suture ; thorax with 
sides usually broadly reddish-yellow ; femora piceous, tibiae, tarsi and an- 
tennae paler. Head and thorax sparsely, elytra more densely and coarsely 
punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. Beaten from plants near margin of 
water in Clear Lake. June 17. 

1318 (4007). -Scirtes tibialis Guer.. Spec, et Icon., Ill, 1845, 3. 
Broadly oval. Uniform piceous or nearly black, moderately shining. 

sparsely pubescent; antennae, tibiae and tarsi paler. Head and thorax 
nearly smooth. Elytra rather densely punctulate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Common on vegetation about the borders of lakes and marshes in 





THE SOFT-BODIED PLANT BEETLES. 



605 



the northern half of the State ; taken only in Knox County in the 
southern portion. June 3.— August 31. 

VIII. Cypkon Payk. 1798. (Gr., "bent or sloping.") 

The species of this genus are distinguished from those of Helodes 
only by having the third joint of the labial palpi arising from the 
end instead of the side of the second. Five species are known from 
the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYPHON. 

a. Joints 2 and 3 of antenme short, their united length less than that of 
the fourth. 

I). Form oblong, subparallel ; thorax reddish-yellow, with the center of 
disk piceous. 1319. ruficollis. 

hi). Form oval, moderately robust ; thorax and elytra uniform piceous. 

1320. OBSCUEUS. 

aa. Joints two and three of antenna? together always longer than the 
fourth, the third a little longer and more slender than the second. 
c. Bicolored, thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous or black ; sides of 
thorax flattened. 1321. collaris. 

cc. Thorax and elytra of the same color, the sides of the former not or 
very feebly flattened. 
d. Thorax more densely punctured at the sides than middle ; color 
usually pale brown. 1322. variabilis. 

dd. Thorax not more densely punctured at the sides ; color piceous, the 
tips of elytra yellow. 1323. padi. 

1319 (4010). Cyphon -ruficollis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

162; ibid. II, 273. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous, finely pubescent ; thorax reddish with a piceous 
spot on disk, rarely wholly piceous or wholly yellow ; three basal joints of 
antennae pale ; the second and third short, together scarcely longer than 
half the fourth, the third much shorter than second. Thorax nearly three 
times as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, base bisinuate ; surface 
sparsely punctate, more coarsely near the sides. Eiytra slightly wider than 
thorax, coarsely and rather densely punctured. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 4-July 6. Taken by 
beating leaves of shrubs and trees. 

1320 ( 4014). Gyphon obscurus Guer., Spec, et Icon., Ill, 1845, 4. 

Ovate, moderately convex, sparsely pubescent. Black or piceous, shin- 
ing. Antennae, tibia? and tarsi usually entirely pale, the former sometimes 
with terminal joints darker. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, 
front angles distinct, side margins gradually sloping downward ; surface 
sparsely punctate. Elytra vaguely tricostate. not very densely punctate. 
Length 3-3,5 mm. 

Steuben, Kosciusko and Wayne counties ; scarce. May 25-Au- 
gust 21. Swept from grass in low ground. 



696 



FAMILY XXXVI . RHIPI CERIDJE . 



Cyphox collabis Guer., Spec, et Icon.. III. 1845, 4. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous black, sbining. finely pubescent : 
thorax, tibia?, tarsi and base of antenna? reddish-yellow. 
Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, front angles 
rounded, sides distinctly flattened, especially towards the 
hind angles, which are rectangular : surface sparsely and 
finely punctate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, sur- 
face rather coarsely and moderately densely punctate. Fe- 
males witb a large oval flattened or slightly depressed 
space behind tbe scutellum. which is very feebly punctured. 
Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 269.) 

Steuben, Marshall and Orange counties; scarce. June 2-July 6. 

Taken by sweeping herbage at edges of woods and by beating limbs 

of tamarack. Resembles ru fie oil is closely, but witb basal joints of 

antenna? longer and never with central black spot on thorax. 

1322 (4016). Cyphox vakiabilis Thunb.. Mus. Ups., IV. 54. 

Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, pubescent. Color uniform 
but variable from piceous to pale brown or dull yellow. Antenna? slightly 
longer than half tbe body, tbe outer joints darker. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, margin not flattened. Elytra a little wider than thorax, about a 
third longer than wide, surface rather finely and densely punctured. Length 
2.5-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common in the northern half ; much less 
so in the southern portion. April 8-September 19. 

1323 (4017). Cyphox padi Linn.. Syst. Nat.. II, 1766, 5SS. 

Ovate, moderately convex, finely pubescent. Piceous or black : elytra 
with the tip yellow, the spot sometimes well defined, often extending for- 
ward in an irregular stripe ; antenna? piceous. the basal joints pale ; femora 
piceous. tibia? pale. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly nar- 
rowed in front, surface everywhere very finely and sparsely punctulate. 
Elytra wider than the thorax at base, rather densely punctate, very sparsely 
pubescent. Length 2 mm. 

Lake. Steuben, Knox and Vanderburgh counties; scarce. May 
25-August 12. Known by its small size, nearly smooth thorax and 
yellow tips of elytra . Those from the northern counties were beaten 
from the flowers of the tall swamp huckleberry. 

Family XXXVI. KHIPICERID.E. 

The Cedar Beetles. 

This is a family comprising only two genera and five species, all 
of medium or large size, elongate form and black or chestnut-brown 
in color. They are found on plants, the species of Sandalus especially 
on cedars. The name of the typical genus Rhipicera is derived from 
two Greek words meaning "a fan'' and "horn," the antenna? of cer- 
tain males having long, flat processes, which fold like a fan. 




THE CEDAR BEETLES. 



697 



The members of the family are mainly characterized by having 
the antenna? 11-jointed, inserted before and on the inner side of the 
eyes, serrate in the females and with fan-like processes (flabellate) 
in the males of Sandalus; elytra covering the abdomen, which has 
five free ventral segments; front and middle coxae conical, promi- 
nent, the former with large trocbantins; hind coxae transverse, di- 
lated into a small plate partly covering the thighs ; tarsi 5-jointed. 
claws simple, each pair with a long, hairy pad or cushion (ony- 
chium) between them. 

The only literature dealing with the North American species is 
as follows : 

Haldeman, — "Observations on the Genus Sandalus," in Proc. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI, 1853, 362. 
Horn. — "Notes on Phipiceridae/' in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, 

IX, 1881. 85-86. 

KEY TO GENERA OF RHIPICERID.E. 

a. Joints of tarsi not lobed; antenna? moderately long, serrate in both 
sexes. I- Zenoa. 

aa. Joints of tarsi lobed: antennae short, serrate in the female, flabellate 
in the males. - II. Sandalus. 

I. Zenoa Say. 1835. (Gr., "a stoic") 

In addition to the characters above mentioned this genus may be 
known from Sandalus by having the mandibles much smaller, emar- 
ginate or bifid at tip ; the side pieces of metathorax much narrower, 
the epimera not visible. One species occurs in the eastern United 
States. 

1324 (4020). Zenoa picea Beauv., Ins. Africa and America. 1S05. 7. 

Elongate-oblong. Uniform dark reddish-or blackish- 
brown. Antennas reaching to or slightly beyond the base 
of thorax, the joints wide, serrate on the inner side. 
Thorax one-third wider than long, front and hind an- 
gles prominent ; disk with a small rounded impression on 
each side of the middle and another much larger irregii- j 
lar one at base ; surface finely and evenly punctate. Ely- I 
tra each with four raised lines, the first uniting with the 1 
second on apical third, the others uniting near apex ; in- 
tervals between the lines marked with large, more or 
less confluent punctures ; a short, oblique raised line on 
each side of scutellum. Length 11-15 mm. (Fig. 270.) 

Yigo. Putnam and Posey counties ; scarce. May 
2-August 3. Occurs beneath logs and bark in dry Fi 
upland woods. 




698 



FAMILY XXXVI. 



RHTPICER1D.K 



II. Sandalus Knoch. 1801. (Gr., "slipper or sandal.") 

Mandibles large, stout, prominent and toothed on the inner 
side near base; antenna} but little longer than head; metasternum 
short, with wide side pieces and large epimera. Four species are 
known, two from Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SANDALUS. 

a. Thorax obtusely subangulate behind the middle ; elytra but little wider 
than thorax. 1325. peteophyus. 

aa. Thorax regularly conical ; elytra distinctly wider than thorax. 



1325 (4021). Sandalus peteophyus Knoch., Neue Beytr., 1S01, 131. 



slightly widened behind the middle, as in the latter sex. Length 12-17 mm. 
(Fig. 271.) 

Marion and Putnam counties ; rare. May 31-August 2. Oc- 
curs beneath bark or on trunks of trees near clumps of red cedars. 
Ranges from Pennsylvania to Illinois, 

1326 (4023). Sandalus nigee Knoch., loc. Git., p. 140. 

Elongate, convex. Black, somewhat shining. Thorax conical, much 
narrowed in front ; base bisinuate, sides rounded without distinct edges ; 
median dorsal line distinct ; disk with a basal and two lateral impressions, 
finely and densely punctulate with very few coarser punctures intermingled. 
Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, the costse very faint or obsolete ; 
punctured as in petrophyus. Length 21-24 mm. 

Marion,. Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. Occurs on cedar 
or beneath cover in their vicinity; also on the lower trunks or about 
the roots of ash trees in late summer. July 14-October 1. 



1326. NIGEE. 




Fig. 271. a, male; b, female. (After Horn.) 



Elongate, subconvex. Dark 
chestnut brown to black. Thorax 
about twice as wide as long; sides 
with distinct, rather sharp edges, 
subangulate on basal third ; surface 
densely punctate with fine and 
numerous coarse punctures inter- 
mingled ; median dorsal line fine, 
slightly impressed. Elytra each with 
three faint costae or raised lines ; in- 
tervals very coarsely and reticulate- 
ly punctured. Male one-third or 
more smaller than female and with 
the elytra narrowing, instead of 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



699 



Family XXXVII. ELATEKID^E. 
Click Beetles. Spring Beetles. Snapping Bugs. Skipjacks. 

Every country boy in Indiana has found beneath the bark of 
logs or stumps either a big grayish-black beetle an inch or more in 
length, or smaller, slender brown ones, which feign death when first 
picked up, but, when placed on their backs, after a few seconds give 
a click, and spring several inches into the air, turn over in their 
descent, alight on their feet and crawl rapidly away. These beetles 
are typical representatives of the great family Elateridae. This 
power of springing into the air when placed on the back is effected 
by bending back the head and thorax, thus bringing the prosternal 
spine to and slightly above the front edge of a cavity in the meso- 
sternum (Fig. 272, e), and at the same time raising the base of 
elytra slightly above the surface upon which the beetle is resting; 
then by suddenly relaxing the muscles the spine descends with 
force into the cavity, causing the base of elytra to strike violently 
against the supporting surface, and by their elasticity the whole 
body is propelled upwards. To bring about the motion in the 
manner indicated there must be a loose articulation, so as to give 
free movement between the pro- and mesosternum, and this char- 
acter is a prominent one in the majority of the genera of Elateridse. 
The hind angles of the thorax are prolonged backward into a point 
so as to embrace the base of the elytra, and as the bases of the tho- 
rax and elytra slope downwards toward each 
other, a slight separation between them is suffi- 
cient to permit the freedom of motion necessary 
to the upward movement. 

The great majority of Elateridse are small or 
medium in size; elongate in form, tapering more 
or less toward each end ; dull brown or blackish 
in color and have the surface clothed with a 
fine pubescence. They occur beneath bark, logs 
and stones, or on the foliage of various plants, 
most commonly in dry upland localities. The 
word "Elater" means literally a "driver or 
hurler, ' ' and refers to the elastic power of Fig. 272. 

. , , 1 ji a, antenna in repose; 

IllOtlOn possessed by these beetles. 6, antennal groove; 

. ... , p c > tarsal groove; 

The principal distinguishing characters or d, prosternal spine; 

. e, mesosternal cavity; 

the family are the 11- jointed, more or less ser- /, metastemum; 

* g, hind coxal plates. 

rate (rarely flabellate or pectinate) antennae, (Original.) 



c--- 




700 



FAMILY XXX VII. EEATERTDyE. 



which are inserted in grooves on. or under the margin of the front; 
the frequently retracted, sometimes advanced head ; elytra covering 
the abdomen, which has five free ventral segments; prosternum 
long, usually lobecl in front, prolonged behind into an acute spine 
moving in the mesosternum. the latter short, with a cavity in the 
middle for the reception of the prosternal spine (Fig. 272, d and 
e) ; front coxa? small rounded, without trochantins, the cavities 
open behind.; middle coxa? small, rounded with distinct trochantins; 
hind coxa? transverse, oblique, contiguous, dilated (except rarely) 
into a plate covering in part or entirely the thighs (Fig. 272. g) ; 
tarsi 5-jointed, simple or lobecl beneath; claws simple, toothed or 
pectinated. 

All the species of Elaterida? are vegetable feeders, and are hence 
to be classed as injurious, though many of them feed upon the 
juices of rotten wood. The larva 3 are long, narrow, worm-like crea- 

^^I[?^0QlC7lQ^^^t>^_^ tnres. very even in width and with a 
^p^^*sas^^ ^m^^ hard, brownish or yellowish-white 
Fig. 273. (After Forbes.) body covering. (Fig. 273.) They 

are commonly known as "wire-worms," and those species which live 
in the ground feed upon seeds and the roots of grasses and grain, 
and often do much damage, especially to sprouting corn and other 
cereal crops. Working as they do beneath the surface of the 
ground, they are exceedingly difficult to destroy. In many of the 
more injurious species the larva requires several years to complete 
its growth, and when full grown usually changes in late summer 
into a pupa in a little cell in the ground. Either the pupa or adult 
beetle remains in this cell until spring, and it has been found that 
much can be done towards keeping them in check by fall plowing, 
which breaks up these cells and exposes the pupa 3 or young adults 
to the rigors of winter. 

About 7.000 species of Elaterida? are known, more than 560 
being listed from the United States. 

On account of the large size of the family and the strong general 
resemblance of many of the species, their classification is very diffi- 
cult, especially to beginners. The genera belonging to the principal 
subfamily, the Elaterina?, have, for the most part, been treated in 
special synopses or monographs, which will be mentioned under the 
proper generic headings. The principal works dealing with the 
family or the other subfamilies of the North American forms are as 
follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Eucnemides of Temperate North 
America," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci., VI, 1852, 45-49. 



THE CLICK BEETLES, 



701 



LeConte. — "Revision of the ElatericUe of the United States," in 
Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., X, 1853, 405-508. 

Horn. — "A Monograph of the Species of the Subfamilies Eucne- 
minae, Cerophytinae and Perothopinas inhabiting the United 
States," in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XIII, 1886, 5-58. 

For convenience the family is first divided into subfamilies, and 
these, in turn, into tribes and genera. Of the five subfamilies rec- 
ognized, representatives of three have been taken in Indiana, while 
those of a fourth perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SUBFAMILIES OF ELATERIDiE. 

a. Hind coxae dilated into plates which cover in part or entirely the 
thighs ; trochanters of middle and hind legs very small. 
h. Labruin concealed; antennae somewhat distant from the eyes, their 
insertion narrowing the front. 

Subfamily I. Eucnemtn.e, p. 701. 

hh. Labruin visible. 

c. Labrum free ; antennae arising near the eyes under the frontal mar- 
gin. Subfamily II. Elaterin^, p. 713. 
cc. Labrum transverse, connate with the front; ventral segments five; 
claws serrate. Subfamily III. Perothopinje, p. 772. 
aa. Hind coxae not dilated into plates ; trochanters of middle and hind legs 
very long; labrum short, transverse, connate with the clypeus ; tarsal 
claws serrate. Subfamily IV. Cerophytin^, p. 773. 

Subfamily I. EUCNEMINAE. 

Head convex, deflexed, and resting against the sternum in re- 
pose ; labrum absent or very slightly visible ; antenna? inserted upon 
the front at the inner extremity of transverse grooves ; prosternum 
movable, but less so than in the Elaterina?, without a lobe in front. 
The majority of the species are rare, and the larvae have a striking 
resemblance to those of the family Buprestida?, both in form and 
habits, being abruptly enlarged in front, and usually occurring in 
wood which has just begun to decay. Representatives of twelve of 
the 22 genera are known from Indiana, while those of four others 
perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUCNEMINAE. 

a. Last joint of maxillary palpi acute ; prosternal sutures and side margin 
parallel ; bases of antennae moderately distant. 
h. Tibia? broad, compressed ; length 0-8 mm. I. Melasis. 

hh. Tibiae slender ; length 4-7 mm. II. Tharops. 

aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi dilated ; prosternal sutures and margin 
converging; bases of antennae close together. 



702 FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEBIDiE. 

c. Under side of thorax with antennal grooves usually sharply limited, 
and close to the lateral margin. 
d. Prosternal sutures strongly curved; length 6-9 mm. 

III. Stethon. 

dd. Prosternal sutures straight. 

e. Antenna! grooves continuing directly from the thorax to the 
head. j 

/. Metasternum with a fine groove, limited by finely elevated 
lines, prolonged backward from the outer side of the mid- 
dle coxae; length 6 mm. Eucnemis. 
ff, Metasternum without groove. 

g. Antennal grooves of thorax wide, usually wider behind : 
length 3-5 mm. IV. Deltometopus. 

gg. Antennal grooves narrow, not wider behind; length 5.5- 
8.5 mm. V. Dbom^olus. 

ee. Antennal grooves more or less interrupted by the eyes ; antenna? 
slender ; fourth joint of tarsi emarginate and slightly lobed 
beneath ; length 7-17 mm. VI. Fornax. 

cc. Under side of thorax without marginal antennal grooves. 

li. Antennal grooves present on under side of thorax close to suture; 
side margin of thorax formed by two finely elevated lines, the 
one starting from the front margin and prolonged backward, the 
other from the hind angles becoming inferior. 

i. Antennal grooves near the suture very short, merely slightly in- 

dicated in front ; length 3.5-4 mm. - Adelothyeeus. 

ii. Antennal grooves near the suture entire ; length 3-6 mm. 

j. Second joint of antennae alone small. VII. Miceobhagus. 
jj. Joints two and three of antennae small, moniliform. 

Entomophthalmtjs. 

lih. Under side of thorax without antennal grooves; side margin of 
thorax single or sometimes nearly obsolete. 
Jc. Hind coxal plates either parallel or wider on the outer side. 
h Antennae slender, filiform, the third joint much longer than 
second ; length 8-9 mm. VIII. Hylochabes. 

II. Antennae biserrate in the female, bipectinate in male; length 
6.5 mm. Saepedon. 
klc. Hind coxal plates narrower on the outer side. 
m. Mandibles stout, rugose. 

n. Last ventral segment prolonged in a point; length 6-9 mm. 

IX. Nematodes. 
nn. Last, ventral segment obtuse at tip; length 4-5.5 mm. 

X. Hypoccelus. 

mm. Mandibles slender, not rugose ; side margins of thorax distinct, 
o. Clypeus very deeply sinuate each side, so as to appear tri- 
lobed ; length S mm. XI. Schizophilus. 

on. Clypeus regularly curved in front ; coxal plates gradually 
broader on inner side; last three joints of antennae ab- 
ruptly longer ; length 9.5-11 mm.' XII. Phlegon. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



703 



I. Melasis Oliv. 1790. (Gr,. "black.") 

Elongate, cylindrical beetles having the antennse distinctly pecti- 
nate in male, feebly so in female; prosternal sutures distant and 
parallel: no antennal grooves on under side of thorax: hind coxal 
plates very broad on inner side, narrow externally: last ventral seg- 
ment prolonged, with a slight elevation before the apex. One of the 
two known species occurs in Indiana. 

1327 (4025). Melasis pectinicornis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II. 1844, 148. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous or black, opaque: sparsely clothed 
with very short grayish pubescence; antennse reddish-brown, barely reach- 
ing middle of thorax. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrowed be- 
hind: sides rather deeply sinuate in front of hind angles, which are acute 
and divergent, male; or faintly sinuate, the angles not divergent, female; 
disk with a distinct median impressed line, coarsely punctured and with 
elevated granules. Elytra slightly narrowing behind the middle, the tips 
acute: surface with rather deep, punctured stria?; intervals slightly con- 
vex, granulate and rugose. Length 6-8 mm. 

Posey County.; scarce. April 9-April 15. Emerging from bark 
of standing beech on the former date ■ beneath bark of soft maple 
on latter. Occurs from Pennsylvania to Texas, but usually rare. 



II. Thaeops Cast. 1835. (A mythological name.) 

This genus comprises two small species, one of which was de- 
cribed by Say from Indiana. 



HE 



1328 (4027). Thaeops euftcoents Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci. 
1S23. 166 : ibid. II. 107. 626. 
Subcylindrical. slender, slightly narrowed behind the 
middle. Piceous black : elytra usually with an elongate, 
triangular sutural yellowish space. Antennse and less 
reddish-brown, the former not passing the hind angles 
of thorax; those of male with joints 4 to 10 each fur- 
nished with a branch as long as the entire antennse, 
eleventh joint as long as the branch of the tenth, but 
stouter. Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, 
hind angles short : disk moderately convex, rather dense- 
ly punctured. Elytra striate, rather densely and roughly 
punctured. Last ventral segment acute at tip. Length 
4-7 mm. (Pig. 274.) 

Kosciusko. Lawrence. Dubois and Perrv conn- Fi - 27i - Female - x 6 - 

^ i , „ ' (Oris^nal.) 

ties: scarce. May 12-June 20. Occurs on beech 
and soft maple. Say. after describing this species from Arkansas, 
found other specimens near New Harmony. Posev County, and re- 
[45—23402] 




704 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKID2E. 



described it under the name of Eucnemis olliquus. The males are 
rare, but three of the 21 specimens taken being of that sex. 

III. Stethon Lec. 1866. (Gr., "breast.") 

Medium-sized cylindrical species, having the head convex, deeply 
inserted in thorax ■ antennas reaching base of elytra, their grooves 
deep, narrow, marginal, closed behind; last ventral segment more 
or less prolonged at apex. 

1829 (4029). Stethon pectorosus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, 
386. 

Cylindrical, robust, slightly narrower behind the middle. Uniform brown 
or piceous, subopaque. Antenna flattened, first joint stout, as long as the 
next three; joints 4 to 10 gradually very little shorter. Head coarsely and 
densely punctured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides curved in 
front, straight and parallel behind the middle, hind angles obtuse; disk 
strongly convex, densely and rather rugosely punctured. Elytra striate; 
intervals convex, densely and roughly punctured. Hind tarsi with the 
first joint as long as the next four. Length 6-9 mm. 

Posey and Crawford counties; rare. June 4-July 1. Occurs 
beneath bark of hickory. Known from Ohio, Illinois and Missouri. 

Eucnemis americana Horn, oblong, piceous-black, antennae and 
legs brownish, is known from Kentucky and Ohio. 

IV. Deltometopus Bonv. 1871. (Or., ' 1 triangle + forehead.") 
Small, slender-bodied, black species, having the elytra gradually 
narrower to apex and first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next 
three. One of the two species has been taken in the State, while the 
other doubtless occurs. 

1330 (4030). Deltometopus amcenicornis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 
VI, 1836, 189 ; ibid. II, 628. 

Elongate, moderately convex. Piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence; legs and two basal joints of antenna* reddish- 
brown. Antenna* not quite as long as half the body; joints 5-10 pectinate 
in male, serrate in female, the groove distinctly wider behind the middle. 
Thorax a little wider than long, narrower in front; sides straight, male, 
or widest behind the apex with sides in front curved, female; disk convex 
rather densely punctate. Elytra striate, intervals slightly convex, rather 
densely rugosely punctate. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. June 5-July 25. Beaten from 
vegetation ; more frequently in damp localities. 

D. rufipes Melsh., brown or piceous, antennae longer than hali 
the body, male, filiform in both sexes, length 3.5-5.5 mm., is re- 
corded from Canada and Ohio. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



705 



V. Drom^eolus Kies. 1858. (Gr., "to run.") 

Antennas filiform or very feebly serrate ; head convex, deeply in- 
serted in the thorax; mandibles robust, the exposed surface large 
and rugose; antennal grooves deep, sharply limited, open behind. 
One species has been taken in the State, while two others perhaps 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DROM^EOLUS. 

a. Clypeus at base half as broad as the apical margin ; body above black. 
6. Elytra faintly striate ; abdomen rather densely and finely punctured ; 
pubescence conspicuous. harringtoni. 
66. Elytra without striae ; abdomen coarsely punctured ; pubescence very 

SparSe « 1331. CYLINDRICOLLIS. 

aa. Clypeus at base very narrow; color above piceous ; antenna- half as 
long as body ; elytra not striate. pusillus. 

D. harringtoni Horn, elongate, length 5.5-6 mm., is recorded 
from Ohio ; D. pusillus Horn, oblong, length 3.5 mm., was described 
from northern Illinois and Texas. 

1331 (4033). DROMiEOLUs cylindricollis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 
VI, 1835, 188 ; ibid. II, 627. 
Elongate, moderately convex, slightly narrower behind the middle. 
Black, shining, sparsely clothed with inconspicuous yellow hairs. Antennaa 
piceous, subserrate, not extending beyond hind angles of thorax. Head 
coarsely and deeply punctured. Thorax longer than wide, sides straight 
and parallel behind the middle, obliquely converging on apical third ; me- 
dian line deeply impressed on basal third ; surface rather densely punctate 
on sides, less so at middle. Elytra without stria?, except the sutural, which 
extends two-thirds from apex to base ; surface rather coarsely but not very 
densely punctured. Length 7-8.5 mm. 

Kosciusko and Posey counties ; rare. June 11-August 11. 

VI. Fornax Lap. 1835. (L., "a furnace. ") 

Beetles of small or medium size, having the head convex, deeply 
inserted; prosternal sutures distinct, slightly divergent; antennal 
grooves deep, sharply limited on each side; elytra striate; last 
ventral segment obtuse; hind tarsi with the first joint as long as the 
others combined, the fourth broader, excavated above and slightly 
lobecl beneath. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while 
two others probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF FORNAX. 

a. Second joint of antenna- as long, or very nearly as long as fourth. 
6. Color pale chestnut brown ; front without trace of carina between the 
eyes - RADIUS. 



706 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEEJDiE. 



b~b. Color piceous ; front with a transverse carina between the eyes. 

1332. hornii; 

aa. Second joint of antennae small, not half as long as fourth. 

c. Size smaller, not over 6 mm ; front with a distinct transverse carina 
between the eyes ; color piceous. 1333. calceatus. 

cc. Size larger, 10 or more mm. ; carina wanting. 

d. Joints 4 to 8 of antenna? serrate, the last three more slender and 
not serrate. molestus. 
eld. Joints 4 to 10 serrate, the last joint alone slender. 

1334. ORCHESIDES. 

F. badius Melsh., length 8-11 mm., is said to occur from Penn- 
sylvania to Illinois ; F. molestus Bonv., dark reddish-brown, length 
13 mm., is recorded from Cincinnati. 

1332 (4042). Fornax hornii Bonv., Eucn., 1875, 891. 
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark chestnut brown to piceous, feebly 

shining, the thorax usually darker than elytra. Antenna- feebly serrate, 
a little longer than head and thorax, which are coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. Base of elypeus less than a third the width of its apex and less 
than half the distance to the eyes. Thorax as long as wide, sides parallel 
on basal half, arcuate and narrowing in front of middle. Elytra striate, 
faintly at middle, more deeply at sides, densely and subrugosely punctate. 
Hind coxal plates abruptly broader at middle. Length 7-8 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. May 1-May 18. Occurs in 
half rotten wood of elm and other logs. Resembles calceatus but 
more robust, with larger second joint of antennae and more abruptly 
dilated hind coxal plates. 

1333 (4041). Fornax calceatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

188 ; ibid. II, 626. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Dark brown or piceous. feeblv shining, 
sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs. Antennae nearly half as long as 
body, slender, the grooves deep and sharply limited. Head and thorax 
coarsely, deeply and roughly punctured; the latter longer than wide, dis- 
tinctly narrower in front, sides straight behind the middle. Elytra nar- 
rowed at apical third, faintly striate, coarsely and rather densely punctate. 
Hind coxal plates gradually but rather widely dilated. Length 5-6 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 16-May 29. Be- 
neath bark of beech and oak. 

1334 (4044). Fornax orchesides Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 384. 
Oblong, moderately elongate, slightly narrower behind, convex. Dark 

reddish-brown to piceous, feebly 'shining. Antennae slightly compressed, 
extending a little beyond the hind angles of thorax. Head and thorax 
coarsely and densely punctured; the latter as long as wide, sides feebly 
narrowed behind the middle, obliquely narrowed to the front on apical 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



707 



half; median impression distinct on basal third, a small fovea each side 
of scutellum on basal margin. Elytra distinctly striate, intervals slightly 
convex, punctuation dense, finer than on the thorax ; epipleura flat, roughly 
punctate. Length 11-16 mm. 

Wells County; rare. July 14. Collected by E. B. Williamson. 
Our largest species of the subfamily. 

Adelothyreus dejeani Bon v., elongate, slender, piceous, was de- 
scribed from Maryland, and has been recorded from near Cin- 
cinnati. 

VII. Microrhagus Esch. 1836. (Gr., "small + fissure.") 

Small elongate beetles having the body sparsely clothed with 
short yellowish or brownish pubescence ; antennas at least one half 
as long as body, second joint small, third nearly as long as the next 
two, 4 to 10 serrate, sometimes pectinate in the male; antennal 
grooves entire, located near the middle of under side of thorax. 
Nine species are known from North America, five of which have 
been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. They live 
on dead timber, where they are to be found running about in the 
sunshine or resting in crevices during cloudy or stormy weather. 
The "posterior supplementary carina" mentioned in the key to spe- 
cies is a raised line beginning at the tip of the hind angles of thorax 
beneath, and extending forward more or less sinuously. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MICROEHAGUS. 

a. Hind coxal plates parallel, not dilated near the coxse; posterior sup- 
plementary carina nearly entire. 
6: Presternum prolonged and acute at tip; outer carina of antennal 
groove obliterated behind the middle; elytra usually reddish at 

baSe - 1335. HUMEEALIS. 

66. Presternum obtuse at tip; outer carina of antennal groove entire; 
elytra uniform black. im bonvouloiee 

aa. Hind coxal plates dilated near the coxse, narrow on the outer side. 
c. Thorax with a fine raised line beginning on the apical margin near 
front angles, and extending obliquely backward, but not reaching 
the middle; antennas of male not pectinate. 
d. Posterior supplementary carina very short; outer carina of an- 
tennal groove much abbreviated behind; disk of thorax not im- 
pressed at middle. 1337. impeefectus. 
dd. Posterior carina extending at least to the middle of thorax, some- 
times longer. 

e. Episterna of metathorax very narrow in front, broader behind. 
f. Thorax without a carina in front of scutellum, the median 
line impressed on basal half. subsinuatus. 



708 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEEIDiE. 



ff. Thorax with a distinct though fine carina in front of scu- 
tellum, without median impressed line, the sides parallel 
or slightly wider in front. 1338. triangularis. 

ee. Episterna of metathorax broad and parallel; disk of thorax 
deeply impressed at middle. impressicollis. 
cc. Thorax with raised line reaching the middle; antennae of male pec- 
tinate; posterior supplementary carina entirely wanting. 

1339. PECTINATUS. 

1335 (4049). Microrhagus humeralis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sac., VI, 

1836, 189 ; ibid. II, 628. 
Cylindrical, moderately robust. Piceous, subopaque; elytra reddish at 
base ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Antennae half as long as body and 
serrate, male, shorter and not serrate, female. Thorax longer than wide, 
sides parallel, curved near front angles ; hind angles short, carinate ; disk 
with a faint median line, coarsely, densely and roughly punctate. Elytra 
vaguely striate, intervals slightly convex, surface punctured like thorax. 
Length 4-6 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. June 26. Probably throughout the State. 
The extent of red at base of elytra varies from a narrow space to 
one third or more. The front and hind margins of the thorax are 
often reddish. 

1336 (10,029). Miceokhagus bonvouloiei Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

XIII, 1886, 35. 

Moderately elongate, rather slender. Piceous black, moderately shin- 
ing; antennse, tibise and tarsi reddish-brown. Antenna- more than half the 
length of body, slightly serrate in the male. Thorax as long as wide, sides 
parallel, rounded near the front angles, hind angles carinate; surface 
coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Elytra vaguely striate, punc- 
tures as on thorax but less dense. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Kosciusko County ; scarce. July 11. Smaller and more slender 
than Kumeralis, and with a longer thorax. 

1337 (4051). Microrhagus imperfectus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL> 

VI, 1852, 48. 

Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, feebly shining; an- 
tennas and legs reddish-brown, the tarsi paler. Thorax as long as wide, 
sides parallel behind, curved at apical third; disk coarsely but not densely 
punctured, with a median impressed line on basal half. Antennal groove 
deep, the outer carina reaching barely more than one-half from apex to 
base. Elytra substriate, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Length 
5-5.5 mm. 

Vigo and Jefferson counties; rare. June 7-July 15. One of 
the two specimens at hand was taken from the leaves of milkweed. 
Both have a distinct rounded fovea on each side of thorax near the 
middle. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



709 



M. subsinuahts Lea, piceous or nearly black, posterior supple- 
mentary carina very long, length 3.5-5 mm., is recorded from Can- 
ada, Ohio and Virginia; M. impressicollis Bonv., reddish-brown, 
length 5.5-6.5 mm., is a southern species recorded by Dury from 
near Cincinnati. 

1338 (4055). Miceobhagus triangularis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III, 1823, 170; ibid. II, 110, 628. 
Elongate-oblong, slender, narrower behind the middle. Piceous or 
black, feebly shining; antennae and legs brownish. Antennae feebly ser- 
rate, one-half, female, or three-fourths, male, the length of body. Thorax 
nearly as wide as long, sides straight and parallel, hind angles carinate, 
disk rather coarsely and densely punctured. Posterior supplementary 
carina reaching the middle of thorax. Elytra obsoletely striate, closely 
and roughly punctate. Length 3-4 mm. 

Koscuisko, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. May 1-July 11. 

1339 (4054). Microrhagus pectinatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1866, 387. 

Elongate-oblong, slightly narrowed behind the middle. Piceous, mod- 
erately shining; legs brownish, tibiae and tarsi paler. Antennae two-thirds 
the length of body and pectinate, male ; one-half the length of body, acutely 
serrate, female. Thorax wider than long, sides parallel, rounded in front, 
hind angles finely carinate; surface rather coarsely but not densely punc- 
tured. Antennal grooves slightly wider behind, the outer carina entire, 
extending to hind angles of thorax. Elytra as wide at base as thorax,' 
vaguely striate, densely and coarsely punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marion and Crawford counties ; scarce. April 20-May 1. Oc- 
curs in partially rotten elm and other logs. 

Entomophthalmus rufiolus Lee, pale reddish-brown, antenna? 
nearly as long as body, second and third joints very small, together 
shorter than fourth, length 4 mm., is known from Ohio and Illinois. 

VIII. Hylochares Latr. 1834. (Gr., 11 forest + rejoice. ") 

Small robust species, having the antennae short, not passing hind 
angles of thorax, joints 4-10 equal, as broad as long; clypeus nar- 
rowed at base, trilobed in front; hind coxal plates parallel; first 
joint of hind tarsi as long as the next two, lobed beneath. 

1340 (4067). Hylochares nigricornis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci 
III, 1823, 165 ; ibid. II, 107. 
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, feebly shining; apical and sometimes 
basal margins of thorax reddish. Head and thorax coarsely, densely and 
deeply punctured. Thorax broader than long, sides curved on apical half • 
disk with a deep and broad median line and an oblique impression near 
hind angles. Elytra deeply striate, striae coarsely punctured; intervals 
finely and rugosely punctate. Length 8-9 mm. 



710 FAMILY -XXXVII. ELATEBIDJE. 

Crawford County; rare. June 5. Taken from decaying beech 
log. Known heretofore only from Ohio. 

Sarpedon scabrosus Bony., black, apical margin 
of thorax reddish, length 6.5 mm., is known from 
Canada. Tennessee and Nebraska. (Fig. 275.) 

IX. Nematodes Latr. 1825. (Cr.. "thread-like.") 

Elongate, cylindrical species, having the anten- 
na? filiform: mandibles rather broad and coarsely 
punctured; prosternal sutures straight; hind coxal 
plates widely dilated on inner side: fourth joint of 
Kg.* 275. Sarpedon scab- tarsi exea vate-emarginate and slightly lobed be- 

rosus Bonv. (After Horn.) 

neath. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEMATODES. 

a, Joints 4, 5 and 6 of antennae distinctly longer than wide, and very little 
shorter than the following joints. 1341. atbopos. 

aa. Joints 4 and 5 small, not longer than wide. 7 to 11 equal, rather ab- 
ruptly longer. 

6. Sixth joint of antennae not longer than fifth, distinctly shorter than 
the seventh : size smaller, not over 6 mm. 1342. penetrans. 

IjIj. Sixth joint of antennae as long as seventh, distinctly longer than 
fifth; size 8 or more mm. 1343. collaris. 

1341 (4058). Nematodes atropos Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc... VI, 1836. 

1ST; ibid. II, 626. 

Elongate, snbcylindrical. Dark brown, almost black, subopaque ; an- 
tennae and legs reddish-brown. Antenna? slightly less than half the length 
of body, second joint longer than fourth, third nearly equal to the next 
two. 4 to 11 gradually longer, each longer than wide. Thorax distinctly 
longer than wide, widest one-third from apex, hind angles acute; disk 
slightly flattened at middle, median line impressed nearly to apex, a more 
or less distinct fovea on each side ; surface densely and rugosely punctate. 
Elytra gradually narrowed from base to apex, surface striate: intervals 
flat, densely but less coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 6.5-9 mm. 

Wells County: scarce. Collected by E. B. Williamson. July 1. 
Described from Posey County. 

1342 (4059). Nematodes peneteans Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 47. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. slender. Dark brown or piceous, feebly shin- 
ing; antenme and legs reddish-brown. Antennae less than half the length 
of body, second joint longer than fourth, third as long as the next two. four, 
five and six. short; seven to eleven each as long as third. Thorax dis- 
tinctly longer than wide, sides at apical third narrowing to the front, basal 
two-thirds straight and parallel; disk with a distinct median impression 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



711 



extending two-thirds from base to apex and a subobsolete fovea on each 
side slightly in front of middle. Elytra distinctly striate ; intervals flat, ' 
densely but not rngosely punctate. Length G mm. 

Posey County ; rare. May 27. Occurs from Canada to Georgia. 

1343 ( ). Nematodes collaris Bonv., Monog. Eucn., 1875, 663. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, moderately robust. Piceous, feebly shining; 

legs paler. Antennae slightly more than one-third the length of body; sec- 
ond and fourth joints subequal, third slightly longer, double the length of 
fifth; sixth to eleventh equal, slightly longer than third. Thorax and ely- 
tra nearly as in penetrans, the former with median line more deeply im- 
pressed and visible nearly to apex, the fovea each side deep, distinct ; sur- 
face more coarsely punctate. Length 9 mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 1. This species was named for me 
by Chas. Dury, w 7 ho has taken nine of them 'near Cincinnati. It 
was not included in Horn's Monograph of the Subfamily and was 
described from Brazil, South America, by Bonvouloiri, who also 
gave "La,, N. A.," as a doubtful locality. Mr. Dury identified it 
from a translation of the original description and. his identification 
was afterwards verified by comparison with the type. 

X. Hypoccelus Esch. 1836. (Gr., "beneath + hollow. ") 

Small oblong species having the antennae filiform ■ elytra striate ; 
first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three, the fourth joint 
not dilated or lobed beneath. One of the two known species was 
described from Indiana and the other probably occurs. 

1344 (4056). Hypoccelus fkontosus Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., VI, 

1S36, 187; ibid. II, 625. 
Oblong, slightly attenuate behind. Piceous black, antennae and legs 
reddish-brown. Antennae less than half the length of body, second joint 
shorter than fourth, third longer, fourth to tenth very gradually longer 
and slightly broader, eleventh oval, acute at tip, very little longer than 
tenth. Front of head with a distinct transverse ridge, clypeus concave. 
Thorax a little wider than long, median line distinctly impressed its en- 
tire length, surface very densely and rugosely punctate. Elytra distinctly 
striate, intervals flat, punctured as the thorax. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Say's types came from near New Harmony. Posey County. 
Dury has taken it and also the other species, terminalis Lee, near 
Cincinnati. The latter is distinguished by having the terminal joint 
of antennae longer than the preceding, the front with a fine longi- 
tudinal carina, clypeus flat, median thoracic line less impressed. 
Both species occur on dead hickory. 



712 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELAIEBIDJE. 



XL Schizophilus Boiiv. 18 i 5. (G-r., ' ' cleave - love. ") 

The only member of this genus has the antennas passing but 
slightly the base of thorax, first joint stout, second one-third as long, 
third one-half longer than second and nearly equal to the next two. 
four to ten very gradually longer and broader. 11th one-half longer 
than tenth and acute at tip ; prosternal sutures straight, well 
marked: hind coxal plates broad, triangular: first joint of hind 
tarsus as long as the next three. 

1345 (4061). Schizophili-s sttbeitfus Rand... Bost. Jour. Nat Hist.. II. 

1838., 38. 

Oblong, narrow, subdepressed. Pale reddish-brown, feebly shining, 
sparsely pubescent. Thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides 
straight, hind angles acute, not carinate. surface coarsely and densely punc- 
tate. Elytra finely striate; intervals flat, each with two rows of rugose 
punctures. Length S mm. 

A single specimen in Dury's collection from Marion County. 
Taken from the trunk of a beech. A rare species, known only from 
Xew York and Canada, 

XII. Phlegon Lap. 1835. (A mythological name.) 

Oblong brown beetles having the antenna? slightly shorter than 
half the body, with second joint small, third shorter than half the 
first and nearly as long as the next two. four to eight small, last 
three joints much longer and broader, the eleventh longest; anten- 
nal grooves absent : hind coxal plates very broad on inner side; tarsi 
slender, first joint of middle and hind pairs as long as the next 
three; the joints not lobed beneath. One of the two species has 
been taken in Indiana. The other. P. ullcei Horn, dark brown, 
with thorax parallel behind, length 9.5-10 mm, was described from 
Ohio. 

1346 (4063). Phlegox heteeocebus Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc v VI. 1836, 

186; ibid. II. 624. 

Oblong-elongate, more obtuse in front, gradually narrowed behind. 
Light reddish-brown, feebly shining. Head coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. Thorax one-third wider than long, gradually narrowed from base 
to apex : disk convex with a vague median line on basal half ; surface 
rather closely but not coarsely punctate. Elytra distinctly but finely stri- 
ate; intervals slightly convex, densely but more finely and roughly punc- 
tate than thorax. Length 10-11 mm. 

Represented by a single specimen taken from beneath bark near 
Fountain. Fountain County. Described from Posey County. 
Known elsewhere only from Maryland and Pennsylvania and very 
rare in collections. 



THE CLICK P.EETIE5 



713 



Subfamily II. EL AT ERIN AE. 

The click beetles belonging To this subfamily have The antennae 
widely separated and inserted in small pits before the eyes and 
under the margin of the front : head usually horizontal, with the 
mouth in front : mandibles small and retracted: middle coxa? with a 
small but distinct troehantin : tibiae slender in all the genera. The 
subfamily is divided into five tribes, three of which are represented 
in Indiana, while a single species of another probably occurs. 

KEY TO IXDIA^A TP. IB E 5 OE E.IATEBEN" JE . 

a. Antenna? in repose received in deep grooves on the under side of thorax, 
i Fig, 272. 5.) Tribe I. Agetp^ixi. p. 713. 

a(7. Antenna? nor received in grooves on presternum. 

5. Meso- and met a sterna firmly united without visible suture: size very 
large. Tribe II. Chalcoleptdecs-i. p. 716. 

IjTj. Mesosternal suture distinct. 

c. First joint of antenna? very long. 

Tribe III. Hemtehtpi^i. p. 71S. 
cc. First joint of antenna? moderate: apex of mandibles obtuse or 
emarginate. Tribe IV. Elateeixi. p. 71S. 

Tribe I. AGRYPNIXI. 

]\ledium sized elongate-oblong, subdepressed beetles, usually oc- 
curring beneath the bark of dead trees. They are easily recog- 
nized by the distinct antennal grooves lying alongside the prosternal 
sutures. The base of tinder side of thorax is also deeply grooved 
for the reception of the front femora. In front of these is often an 
additional groove for the tarsi. When the three sets of grooves are 
present the presternum presents a very remarkable sculptured ap- 
pearance. 'Fig. 272. h and c. The mandibles are emarginate or 
toothed at tip: antenna? serrate: tarsal joints slightly dilated be- 
neath but not lobed. Two of the four genera are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEXEEA OE AGBYPXIXI. 

a. Antennal grooves occupying the whole, or nearly the whole of the pro- 
sternal suture i Fig. 272. ~b i : third joint of antenna? equal to the 
fourth. XIII. Adeeoceba. 

'la. Antennal grooves much abbreviated behind: front tarsi received in 
grooves : third joint of antennae smaller than fourth. XIV. Laco^s. 

XIII. Adelocera Latr. 1529. 'Gr.. ''invisible -horn.''') 

The principal characters of this genus have been set forth under 
the tribe heading and in the above key. Our species are coarsely 
punctured above and beneath and have a portion or all of the upper 



714 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKIDiE. 



surface covered with small oblong scale-like hairs. Five species 
have been taken in the State, while two others perhaps occur. For 
a table separating the North American species see : 

Horn. — Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII, 1879, Appendix, XIV-XV. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ADELOCERA. 

a. Front tarsi in repose received in grooves on the under side of the tho- 
rax. (Fig. 272, c.) 
h. Tarsal grooves deep, oblique, distinctly limited, uniting behind with 
the antennal grooves. (Fig. 272, T) and c.) 

c. Punctures of elytra in regular rows; impression of thorax shallow. 

1347. IMPRESSICOLLIS. 

cc. Punctures of elytra dense, not in rows; impression of thorax dis- 
tinct; surface of elytra irregularly spotted with brown and dull 
yellow scales. 1348. marmokata. 

T)~b. Tarsal grooves feebly impressed, neither distinctly limited nor join- 
ing the antennal grooves. 

d. Head and sides of thorax densely covered with closely appressed 

golden yellow scales. 1349. discoidea. 

dd. Head and thorax without yellow scales ; elytra spotted with brown 
and dull yellow. maculata. 
aa. Tarsal grooves entirely absent. 

e. Disk of elytra convex; thorax feebly channeled; antennal grooves 
long, reaching the coxae. 1350. avita. 

ee. Disk of elytra depressed; thorax broadly channeled; antennal 
grooves abbreviated behind. 
/. Impression of thorax entire, extending from base to apex; hind 
angles divergent. 1351. obtecta. 

ff. Impression of thorax limited to basal half; hind angles not di- 
vergent, compressed and feebly carinate ; antennae very short. 

BREVICORNIS. 

1347 (4071). Adelocera impressicollis Say, Ann. Dye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 

I, 1825, 260 ; ibid. I, 394 ; II, 619. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely covered 
with short, curved yellow hairs. Thorax oblong, disk convex, with an in- 
distinct median sulcus and two shallow foveae each side near base, sides 
nearly parallel, sinuate near hind angles, which are oblique and rather 
short; surface densely, coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra with regu- 
lar rows of coarse, close, deep punctures. Under surface punctured like 
the thorax. Length 9-11.5 mm. 

Sonthern half of State, frequent • Fulton County, scarce. April 
12-November 10. 

1348 (4072). Adelocera marmorata Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 227. 
Elongate, robust, rather strongly depressed. Dark reddish-brown, sub- 
opaque; sparsely covered with dull yellow scales which, on the elytra, 
form irregular blotches. Thorax as long as wide, disk subconvex, with a 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



715 



deep median sulcus: sides nearly straight, surface densely and coarsely 
punctured. Elytra gradually but feebly narrowed from base to tip, densely 
and rather coarsely punctate. Length 15-17.5 mm. 

Throughout the State : frequent. Occurs beneath bark of dead 
trees, usually in low. damp woods. Often gregarious. April 4- 
August 10. Our largest and broadest species of the genus. 

:;: 1349 ('4076). Adelocera discoidea Web.. Obs. Ent.. 1801, 77. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining: head and broad margin 
of thorax densely covered with narrow golden yellow scales. Thorax ob- 
long, with a rather deep median sulcus: sides nearly straight, curved on 
apical fourth ; surface, as well as that of elytra, densely and coarsely punc- 
tured. Tarsal groove long, shallow, parallel to the antennal groove. Length 
8-11 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. January 18-December 20. 
Hibernates beneath bark and logs : most common in April and May. 

A. maculata Lee. black, length 13 mm., is recorded from near 
Cincinnati. Dairy has also wrongly recorded A. aurorata Say from 
there, the specimens being avita. A. brevicorms Lee. sooty-brown, 
thickly and irregularly blotched with whitish scales, length 11-1 i 
mm., is known from Michigan and Wisconsin. 

1350 (40SO). Adelocera avita Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI. 1S36.. 1S2; 

ibid. II. 620. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely covered 
with elongate yellow scales : legs and antennae paler. Thorax oblong, con- 
vex., sides sinuate in front of hind angles, thence slightly curved to apex: 
disk distinctly sulcate on basal half, often with a shallow rounded fovea 
each side near base. Elytra convex, irregularly and densely but less 
coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 12-14 mm. 

Putnam and Crawford counties: scarce. July 1— July 2. De- 
scribed from Posey County. Kesembles impressicolUs but larger, 
more convex, and with tarsal grooves wholly absent. 

1351 (40S1). Adelocera obtecta Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI. 1S3G, 

181 : ibid. II. 61S. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown, with 
sparse, widely scattered pale scales. Thorax oblong, sides feebly curved 
from near hind angles to apex, margins rather broadly flattened : disk with 
a wide and deep median groove, hind angles rather broad and distinctly 
divergent. Elytra with two indistinct elevated lines on basal half, one of 
which extends beyond the middle : surface, as that of thorax, densely and 
coarsely punctured. Length 15 mm. 

Steuben and Marshall counties ; rare. A northern species which 
belongs to the Transition life zone of the State. July 6-July 30. 



716 



FAMILY XXXTII. ELATEBIDJE. 



Readily known by the dark color, distinct ridges on each side of 
median groove of thorax, and absence of tarsal grooves. Known 
only from Maine. Vermont and Pennsylvania. 

XIV. Lacon Lap. 1836. (Gr., 1 'short.'' referring to the antennal 

grooves.) 

This genns differs from Adclocera by its shorter and propor- 
tionally broader form and by having The antennal grooves very 
much shortened behind: second and third joints of antenna? sub- 
equal and much smaller than those which follow : tarsal grooves 
oblique, shallow and subobsolete. 

*1352 (4085). Lacon bectanguiaeis Say. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. I. 1S25. 
263 ; ibid. I, 397. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Dull sooty brown, sparsely 
clothed with short, suberect. stiff whitish hairs, those 
of the elytra in a double row on each interval. An- 
tennas paler, reaching only two-thirds to base of tho- 
rax : legs reddish-brown. Thorax sulxniadrate. con- 
vex, rapidly narrowing before the middle, hind angles 
rectangular, sides rounded, front margin finely cre- 
nate; disk convex, without trace of a median im- 
pressed line, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytra 
with rows of rather distant medium sized punctures : 
intervals flat, wider than the stria?. Length S-9.5 mm. 
( Fig. 276.) 

Kg. 276. x 5. (Original.) Lake. Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce, ex- 
cept locally in Vigo County, where it was found rather abundantly 
on the slope of a high sandy ridge, five miles north of Terre Haute. 
Here it hibernated beneath chips and chunks. January 1-Deeeni- 
ber 12. 

Tribe II. CHALCOLEPIDIIXI. 

To this tribe belong our largest click beetles. In addition to the 
characters mentioned in tribal key. they have the hind eoxal plates 
gradually dilated on inner side and strongly toothed at the inser- 
tion of thighs: mandibles witli tips entire, but not prolonged: 
tarsi not lobed but very densely pubescent beneath and claws simple. 
Two genera compose the tribe, one of which is represented through- 
out Indiana, while the single species of the other perhaps occurs in 
the southern portion. 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



717 



KEY TO GENERA OE CHALCOLEPIDIINI. 

a. Thorax without large velvety black spots ; scutelluin obcordate ; margin 
of elytra obsolete on basal half ; antenna? of male pectinate. 

Chalcolepidius. 

aa. Thorax with two large velvety black spots on disk; scutellurn oval; ely- 
tra strongly margined. XV. Alaus. 
Chalcolepidius viridipilis Say. black, densely clothed with mi- 
nute olive-gray scales, length 22.5 mm., occurs in the Middle and 
Southern States and is recorded from Cincinnati. 



XV. Alaus Esch. 1S36. (Gr., ' 1 wander. ") 

The characters of this genus are sufficiently set forth above. 
Two of the five known North American species occur in Indiana. 

1353 (4093). Alaus oculatus Linn.. Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 651. 
Elongate, subconvex. Black, shining ; marked with 

small, irregularly disposed blotches of pale silvery 
scales ; each side of thorax with a large rounded black 
eye-like spot surrounded by a ring of pale scales. Ely- 
tra distinctly striate; intervals convex, finely and 
sparsely punctulate. Length 28-45 mm. (Fig. 277.) 

Throughout the State; frequent in the south- 
ern portion; less so in the northern counties. 
March 16-October 21. This is the best known 
member of the family in the State. The adult 
usually begins to occur in numbers about mid- 
April and is then to be found beneath the loose 
bark of half-rotten stumps or logs, in orchards 
or dry. open woodland. I once took a single 
male from beneath some honeycomb in a dense woods in Marion 
County on March 16. It was as lively as though it were midsum- 
mer, though the mercury had been far below the freezing point 
only two days before. The larva, when nearly full grown, is a 
smooth cylindrical worm nearly two and a half inches long and 
four-fifths of an inch wide across the middle of the body; of a 
creamy yellow color, with the head and one or two front segments 
brown and the last segment black, with a semicircular notch at 
end. It lives upon and in decaying wood and is often to be found 
in the trunks of old apple trees. 

1354 ( 4094). Alaus mtops Fabr.. Syst. Eleut.. II, 1S01. 222. 

Elongate, subconvex. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with 
irregular pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, feebly convex, slightly 
wider in front ; disk with eye-like spots narrow, elliptical, black, smaller 




Fig. 277. (After Harris.) 



718 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEPiIPJE. 



than in oculatus. their margins of grayish hairs indistinct. Elytra finely 
but distinctly striate, densely and finely granulate-punctate. Length 24- 
3S rum. 

Pine. Lake County: rare. June 6. One specimen taken by 
Wolcott from beneath bark of pine. Common in the Southern 
States : rare north of the Ohio River. 

Tribe III. HEMIRHIPIXI. 

This tribe is represented in the eastern United States by the 
single species Ilemirhipus fascicularis Fab., a large black beetle, 
having the elytra dull yellow, varied with small dusky spots and 
densely clothed with short brown pubescence; length 19 mm. It 
has been taken near Cincinnati and should be looked for in south- 
ern Indiana. 

Tribe. IV. ELATERIXI. 

By far the larger number of our native click beetles belong to 
this tribe. The 38 genera which compose it differ widely in various 
peculiarities of structure, but all agree in having the prosternum 
devoid of antennal grooves; mesosternal suture distinct : side pieces 
of metathorax narrow and the mandibles short, never extending 
far beyond the labrum. In order to shorten the generic keys, the 
tribe is divided into two subtribes. defined as follows : 

KEY TO SEBTBIBES OF ELATERIXI. 

a. Hind coxal plates suddenly dilated about the middle, the outer part 
much narrower than the inner. Subtribe A. Elateeixi. p. 718. 

aa. Hind coxal plates gradually, sometimes scarcely, dilated on the inner 
side. Subtribe B. Cobymbitixi. p. 737. 

Subtribe A. (Elaterixi.) 

In addition to the suddenly dilated plates of hind coxa?, the 
members of this subtribe have a strong tooth at the insertion of the 
thighs; the prosternum lobed in front; mandibles emarginate or 
toothed at tips ; tarsal claws very rarely serrate. Of the 19 genera 
composing the subtribe representatives of fourteen have been taken 
in Indiana, while those of one other doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEXERA OF ELATEEIXI. 

a. Margin of the front elevated behind the labrum : size small or medium, 
rarely over 14 mm. 
l>. Prosternal spine truncate at apex, fitting like a wedge into the deeply 
cleft notch of mesosternum ; scutellum heart-shaped, 
c. Tarsi simple, not lobed beneath. 
d. Marginal line on side of thorax becoming inferior, not visible 
from above ; body winged, elytra free. XVI. Cabdiophoeus. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



71!) 



(Id. Marginal line of thorax, strictly lateral, visible from above 
throughout its full length; elytra yellow, with black crossbar; 
length less than 5 nam. XVII. Horistonotus. 

cc. Tarsi with fourth joint lobed beneath ; length 7 mm. 

XVIII. Esthesopus. 

bh. Prosternal spine acute at apex; scutellum oval. 

e. Presternum very broad, sutures single, straight or convex on outer 
side. 

/. Tarsal claws simple; tarsi of moderate length, clothed with stiff! 
hairs. 

g, Prosternal sutures straight, either parallel or converging very 
little behind the middle ; side pieces of mesothorax reaching 
the middle coxae ; length over 5 mm. 

XIX. Cbyptohypnus. 
gg. Prosternal sutures curved and very evidently converging be- 
hind the middle ; side pieces of mesothorax not reaching the 
coxae ; smaller, less than 5 mm. ; elytra usually with yellow 
spots. XX. Hypnoidus. 

ff. Tarsal claws with a tooth at middle ; tarsi long, pubescent ; uni- 
form piceous black. XXI. GEdostethus. 
ee. Presternum of moderate width, sutures double, either straight or 
concave on outer side. 
h. One or more of the tarsal joints lobed beneath. 

i. Second joint of tarsi without lobes. 

j. Third joint alone lobed. XXII. Anchastus. 

jj. Fourth joint alone lobed. XXIII. Monocrepidius. 

ii. Second and third joints of tarsi with long lobes ; color brown ; 

length 10 or more mm. 
k. Mesosternum horizontal ; front of head with two crests unit- 
ing above with frontal margin. XXIV. Dicrepidius. 
kk. Mesosternum oblique ; front of head not crested. 

XXV. ISCHIODONTUS. 

hh. Tarsal joints not lobed beneath. 

I. Prosternal sutures excavated in front; joints 1 to 4 of tarsi 

gradually increasing in length, ciliate beneath ; color usually 
variegated. XXVI. Elater. 

II. Prosternal sutures not excavated in front. 
m. Third joint of antennae longer than second. 

XXVII. Drasterius. 
mm. Second and third joints of antennae small, equal. 

Megapenthes. 

i. Margin of the front not elevated behind the labrum ; size larger, 15 or 
more mm. in length. 
n. Sides of mesosternal cavity sloping downward, not prominent; ely- 
tra black. XXVIII. Ludius. 
nn. Sides of mesosternal cavity protuberant, prominent; color brown. 

XXIX. Orthostethus. 

[46—23402] 



720 



FAMILY XXXVII. TCLATERIDiE. 



XVI. Cardiophorus Esch. 1836. (Gr., 'meart + bearing.'') 

Small convex species, clothed with more or less abundant, pros- 
trate pubescence. The antennae usually vary considerably in the 
two sexes, those of the male longer and with joints 3 to 10 broader 
in the middle than in the female ; scutellum distinctly heart-shaped, 
emarginate at base. The North American species are treated by 
Blanchard. — "Revision of the species of Cardiophorus Esch. of 
America North of Mexico," in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, XVI, 
1889, 1-27. 

In this paper 31 species are recognized, three of which have 
been taken in Indiana, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CARDIOPHORUS. 

a, Thorax with hind angles obliquely truncate ; elytra each usually with 
two yellow spots ; hind margin of side pieces of prosternum straight. 

1355. CARDISCE. 

aa. Thorax with hind angles produced and carinate ; elytra without spots ; 
hind margins of side pieces of prosternum with a deep notch next to 
the outer angle. 

1). Sides of mesosternal cavity prominent and nearly vertical in front ; 
upper surface densely covered with short prostrate yellowish hairs ; 
legs reddish-yellow. 1356. convexus. 

1)~b. Sides of mesosternal cavity not prominent, oblique in front. 

c. Second joint of antennae longer than wide and more than one-half 
as long as third. 

d. Prosternal process margined behind the coxae; pubescence of 
upper surface sparse ; legs wholly black. 1357. gagates. 

dd. Prosternal process not margined behind the coxae ; tarsi reddish- 
brown. CONVEXULUS. 

cc. Second joint of antennae small, one-half as long as third; pro- 
sternal spine distinctly margined ; surface feebly bronzed. 

ROBUSTUS. 

1355 (4104). Cardiophorus cardisce Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 
1836, 169; ibid. II. 604. 
Elongate, convex. Black, rather thickly clothed with short grayish 
pubescence; elytra each with a yellow spot before the middle and another 
before the apex; these variable in size and shape, sometimes wholly lack- 
ing, the front one sometimes extending obliquely forward to the humerus ; 
legs black, knees and tarsi reddish-yellow. Thorax very convex, slightly 
longer than wide, sides rounded, less narrowed behind than in front. Ely- 
tral striae punctate; intervals feebly convex, punctulate. Body beneath 
shining, punctulate with finer and coarser punctures intermingled. Length 
5.5-7.5 mm. 

Frequent beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan. 
May 13- June 15. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



721 



1356 (4097). Caediophokus convexus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1S23, 169; ibid. II, 110. 
Elongate, subconvex. Dark sooty brown or piceous, shining; legs and 
two basal joints of antenna? reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, 
widest at middle, strongly convex, narrowed in front; hind margin with 
a short groove each side, tridentate at middle ; disk very finely and evenly 
punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, gradually tapering from base to apex, 
striate, the striae punctate ; intervals slightly convex, very finely punctulate. 
Body beneath clothed with fine brownish pubescence, closely punctulate. 
Length 8-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 7-July 26. Frequents 
leaves and branches of various shrubs in May and June, and then 
one of the most common Elaters taken by beating. 

1357 (4109). Caediophobus gagates Erichs., Zeitschr., II, 297. 

Oblong, rather stout, convex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with 
fine grayish pubescence. Antennae stout, strongly serrate in male, joints 3 
to 6 one-half longer than wide. Thorax very convex, slightly longer than 
wide, sides strongly rounded; base tridentate at middle and with a short 
groove each side; surface densely and finely punctate. Elytra either sub- 
parallel or narrowed and rounded from the humeri, striate, punctate; in- 
tervals convex and finely punctulate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Northern half of State, frequent ; Lawrence and Posey counties 
only in the south. April 21-August 15, 

C. convexulus Lee, black, shining, length 7.2-10 mm., is known 
from Canada, New England and Ohio; C. robustus Lee, stout, 
black, feebly bronzed, legs reddish-brown, length 7-10 mm., ranges 
from Massachusetts to Texas. 

XVII. Horistonotus Cand. 1860. (Qr., " denned + back.") 

Small slender species, having the margin of thorax well defined, 
the edge running along the suture which divides the dorsal from 
the pectoral region. 

1358 (4129). Hoeistonotus cueiatus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, VI, 

1836, 173 ; ibid. II, 609. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous, feebly shining ; legs, antenna? and 
elytra dull reddish-yellow, the latter with a blackish crossbar at middle 
which extends narrowly along the margin to apex. Antenna? slender, very 
little longer than thorax, feebly serrate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, 
narrower at apex than at base, sides feebly curved, disk convex, sparsely 
punctate, hind margin with a short groove each side near the spines. Ely- 
tra not wider at base than thorax, feebly narrowing to apex, deeply striate, 
stria? punctate; intervals convex, sparsely punctulate. Tarsal claws den- 
tate from the middle to the base. Length 4-4.5 mm. 



722 



FAMILY XXX YI I . E L A TEEIDJE. 



Southern two-thirds of State: frequent, April 22-NoYember 
20. On leaves of May apple. Podophyllum pelfatum L.. and other 
herbs in May and -June. 

XVIII. Esthesopus Esch. 1836. (Gr.. ' £ vestiture - foot,") 

Side margin of thorax acute from base nearly to apex; the 
fourth tarsal joint dilated and somewhat lobed beneath: tarsal 
claws dentate from middle to base. Of the six species known, one 
was described from Indiana. 

1359 (4134). Esthesopus clabicolus Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 YI. 

1S36, 179 ; ibid. II. 616. 
Oblong, moderately robust. Piceons black, shining, sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence ; antennas and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, narrower in front ; sides nearly parallel behind the mid- 
dle, curved on apical third; hind angles not divergent, obtusely rounded, 
without carina; basal folds small but distinct; surface finely and rather 
densely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides feebly curved, nar- 
rowing on apical third, striate, the stride rather coarsely and closely punc- 
tate ; intervals slightly convex, finely and closely punctulate. Length 7 mm. 

Described from Posey County : taken by Dury near Cincinnati. 
' ' Occurs from Virginia to Indiana and Texas. 

XIX. Cryptohypnus Esch. 1836. (Gr.. "hidden -f sleep.") 

But one Indiana species belongs to this genus as now restricted. 
It is an oblong piceous form haYing the side pieces of mesothorax, 
together with the meso- and metasterna uniting to close the middle 
coxal cavities on the outer side. The principal papers treating of 
the North American species of this and the next genus are by 

Eom. — "A Monograph of the Species of Cryptohypnus of 
Boreal America," in Trans. Amer. But. Soc, XVIII. 1891. 
1-29. 

Horn. — "A Note on Cryptohypnus." in Entom. News. V, 1891. 
6-7. 

1360 (4149). CKYPTOHYrxrs abbbeviatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 

III. 1823, 173 : ibid. II. 112. 
Oblong, moderately convex. Piceous with greenish-bronze lustre: ely- 
tra often dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with brownish or yellowish 
pubescence, more conspicuous on scutellum and on sides of elytra behind 
the middle r legs reddish-yellow. Head coarsely, not closely punctate; 
frontal margin depressed, scarcely distinct from that of labruin. Thorax 
slightly broader than long, narrowed on apical two-thirds, sinuate in front 
of hind angles, which are acute, carinate. scarcely divergent ; disk convex, 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



723 



with usually a distinct median impression extending from base to apex, 
deeper behind ; surface rather coarsely not closely punctate. Elytra widest 
one-third from base, thence gradually narrowing to apex ; disk striate, striae 
finely but indistinctly punctured; intervals flat, rather sparsely and finely 
punctate. Length 5.2-6.5 mm. 

A species of northern range taken in Lake, Laporte and Starke 
counties. April 16- June 4. Occurs especially beneath rubbish 
and bark of trees along the dune region bordering Lake Michigan. 

XX. Hypnoidus Steph, 1830. ( Gr., " sleep + form.") 

Small species readily known by the broad prosternum, with the 
sutures single and convex on the outer side ; the simple tarsal claws 
and stiff hairs of the tarsal joints. The epimera of the mesothorax 
do not reach the middle coxae and the latter are therefore closed on 
the outer side only by the meso- and metasterna. About 20 of the 
species formerly listed under Cryptohypnus belong here. Of these 
eight have been taken in the State, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPNOIDUS. 

a. Elytra with all the striae entire. 

6. Form depressed, the dorsum quite flat; opaque, densely punctulate 
and pubescent; color uniform piceous. 1361. steiatulus. 

hi). Form convex. 

c. Thorax coarsely granulate, often in part or wholly finely, longi- 
tudinally rugose or strigose. 
d. Apical margin of thorax truncate at middle. 

e. Base of thorax strigose like apex; a distinct, smooth elevated 
median line ; larger, 3 or more mm. 
/. Elytra yellow with two sinuous blackish crossbars ; apical 
third more or less attenuate ; legs wholly pale. 

1362. choris. 

ff. Elytra piceous, each with two yellow spots; apical third 
scarcely attenuate ; femora fuscous or piceous. 

1363. exiguus. 

ee. Base of thorax smoother than apex ; median line indistinct ; 
size smaller, not over 2.5 mm. 1364. melsheimeri. 

dd. Apical margin of thorax curved at middle, slightly prolonged 
over the head. ctjculeatus. 
cc. Surface of thorax equally punctate, not finely strigose. 

g. Elytra each with two yellow spaces, humeral and subapical ; ely- 
tral humeri obtuse, striae scarcely more punctate than the in- 
tervals. 1365. jestivus. 
gg. Each elytron with a humeral spot only ; humeri rounded, striae 
more coarsely punctate than the intervals. 1366. perplextts. 
aa. Elytra with the striae wholly obliterated. 

h. Surface subopaque, distinctly punctate, especially on the thorax : 
color variable from dull yellow to piceous. 1367. pectoralis. 



724 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIDiE. 



hh. Surface moderately shining, very indistinctly punctate; each elytron 
with an oblique yellow band at middle, not reaching the suture, 
and an oval apical spot. 1368. obliquatulus, 

1361 (4154). Hypnoidus steiatulus Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1853, 488. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous black, opaque, finely pubescent with 
yellowish hairs ; legs pale, the femora darker. Head densely rugosely punc- 
tate. Thorax slightly wider than long, narrowed in front, sides curved, 
slightly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are stout and with a short 
carina; disk feebly convex, densely and finely punctate. Elytra as wide 
as thorax; sides nearly parallel to apical third, thence curved to apex; 
disk rather flat, striate, strise punctate; intervals feebly convex, densely 
and finely punctate. Length 3-4 mm. 

Marion and Franklin counties; rare. June 11— June 20. De- 
scribed from Lake Superior region and probably occurs sparingly 
throughout the State. 

1362 (4157). Hypxoidus choeis Say, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VI, 1836, 
172 ; ibid. II, 608. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, opaque, sparsely 
clothed with yellow hairs; elytra dull yellow with a black 
spot each side of scutellum, and two black crossbars, 
often interrupted on suture and with very sinuous edges ; 
one median, the other subapical, these connected on sides 
with a marginal line extending nearly from base to apex. 
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly curved, 
narrowed in front, nearly straight on basal half; hind 
angles divergent, the carina long, extending three-fourths 
to apex ; disk convex, coarsely and closely rugose. Elytra 
widest in front of middle, thence gradually narrowed to 
apex : disk deeply striate, striae punctured ; intervals con- 
vex, roughly and sparsely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm. 
(Fig. 278.) 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 25-June 28. Occurs 
especially in sandy localities near ponds and streams; also beaten 
from flowers of swamp huckleberry. 

1363 (10,051). Hypxoidus exiguus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, II, 

1838, 35. 

Oblong, subconvex. Black, subopaque; elytra each with two dull yel- 
low spots, one subhumeral, oblique-oblong, the other subapical, rounded. 
Thorax slightly longer than wide, narrowed on apical third; sides on basal 
two-thirds parallel, hind angles slightly divergent, the carina extending 
three-fourths to apex ; disk densely covered with oblong granules. Elytra 
widest slightly behind the middle, thence feebly narrowed to apex, which 
is broadly rounded; disk rather deeply striate, the striae very indistinctly 
punctate; intervals convex their entire length, sparsely and roughly punc- 
tate. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



725 



Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. May 24-June 
29. Beaten from vegetation near water. 

1364 (10,053). Hypnoidus melsheimeki Horn., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

XVIII, 1891, 19. 

Oblong, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining, sparsely and finely 
pubescent; elytra each with a humeral and subapical yellow spot; antennae 
fuscous, joints 2 and 3 paler ; legs reddish-yellow. Thorax wider than 
long, narrowed in front ; sides curved, straight on basal third ; hind angles 
broad, acute at tip, the carina long ; disk convex, quite smooth near the 
base. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, sides nearly parallel, narrowed 
on apical third; disk striate, striae very finely punctured; intervals slightly 
convex, sparsely and minutely punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Putnam County ; rare. March 20-April 11. Taken by sifting 
the debris of a locust stump. 

H. cucullatus Horn, black, elytra feebly bronzed, length 3.5 mm., 
is recorded from Ohio. Texas and Utah. 

1365 (4164). Hypnoidus jestivus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 1871, 304. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous, moderately shining, sparsely pu- 
bescent ; basal joints of antennae, hind angles of thorax, legs, a humeral and 
subapical spot on each elytron, dull yellow. Thorax not longer than wide, 
slightly narrowed in front, widest a little in front of middle ; sides curved, 
distinctly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are slender, acute and dis- 
tinctly divergent, with short carina ; disk sparsely and finely punctate. Ely- 
tra with sides feebly curved, disk striate, striae punctured ; intervals slightly 
convex, punctured as the thorax. Length 4-5 mm. 

Floyd and Posey counties : scarce. May 30-June 23. 

1366 (4165). Hypnoidus perplexus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 1871, 

304. 

Resembles wstivus but smaller, with the thorax distinctly longer than 
wide, the median smooth line more evident. The elytra have only a humeral 
pale spot, and are more distinctly striate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. May 14. 

*1367 (4161). Hypnoidus pectoealis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 
1836, 173; ibid. II, 608. 
Oblong, feebly convex, subopaque, sparsely and finely pubescent. Color 
variable from entirely dull yellow to wholly piceous; often piceous with a 
humeral space on elytra paler, or dull yellow with a transverse fuscous 
band behind the middle of elytra and extending narrowly along the suture 
to apex; antennae and legs pale yellow. Thorax as wide as long, slightly 
narrowed in front, widest at middle, sides curved ; hind angles small, acute, 
not divergent, the carina short ; disk convex, very distinctly and rather 
closely punctate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sides curved, disk with- 
out striae ; surface less distinctly punctate than thorax. Length 1.5-2.5 mm 

Lake, Vigo and Harrison counties : scarce. January 7-June 24. 
Hibernates beneath chunks and bark. 



726 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKIDJE. 



*1368 (4162). Hypnoidus obliquatulus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., II, 1844, 214. 

Resembles pectoralis but usually a little larger aud more convex ; tho- 
rax more distinctly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are slightly di- 
vergent. Color piceous, each elytron with an oblique median yellowish 
band, reaching the margin but not the suture, and an oval apical spot of 
variable size, also yellow. Length 2.3-2.7 mm. 

Marion. Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties ; frequent. January 
3-May 30. Occurs in sandy localities where it hibernates beneath 
partially buried logs and chunks. Taken in early spring by sifting. 

XXI. OEdostethus Lec. 1853. (Gr., " swollen + breast,") 

Thorax distinctly margined, without basal fissures; mandibles 
prominent; antenna? long, the third joint one-half longer than sec- 
ond; tarsi long, slender, pubescent. One species only is known 
from the eastern United States. 

1369 (4166). OEdostethus femobalis Lec, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1853, 489. . 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Piceous-black, very sparsely pubescent with 
yellowish hairs ; two basal joints of antennae, base of femora, tibiae and 
tarsi yellow. Thorax as wide as long, convex, narrowed at apex and in 
front of hind angles, which are small, acute, diverging and with a long 
carina ; surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with sides par- 
allel to apical third, thence rounded to apex ; striae indistinct on disk, wholly 
wanting on sides. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Marion, Posey and Franklin counties; scarce. April 28-June 

10. 

XXII. Anchastus Lec. 1853. (Gr., "to strangle.") 

Third joint of tarsi furnished beneath with a membranous lobe ; 
fourth joint small and received upon the third; front very convex, 
its front margin rounded; hind coxal plates very narrow on the 
outer side, suddenly dilated and strongly toothed on the inner; 
tarsal claws simple. 

1370 (4174). Anchastus binus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

177 ; ibid. II, 614. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, pubescent with short yellowish 
hairs ; elytra each with a large dull yellow spot extending from base nearly 
to middle, not reaching the suture, and another, smaller, on apical fourth : 
antennae and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed on 
apical third; sides parallel and straight on basal two-thirds; hind angles 
acute, the carinae long. Elytra striate, the striae deeply punctate ; intervals 
densely and rugosely punctulate. Length 7-7.5 mm. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



727 



Described from New Harmony, Posey County. One dead speci- 
men taken near there by Wolcott; also taken by Dury near Cin- 
cinnati. Should occur sparingly throughout the southern third of 
State. 

XXIII. Monocrepidius Esch. 1829. (Gr., "single + little shoe.") 

Fourth joint of tarsi obliquely prolonged into a membranous 
lobe; first joint of antennae longer than usual; hind coxal plates 
suddenly dilated on the inner side with the angles rounded and a 
tooth at the origin of the thighs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOCREPIDIUS. 

(/. Lobe of fourth tarsal joint very broad. 

1). Size larger, 12 or more mm. ; color uniform brown. 1371. lividus. 
1)1). Smaller, not over 7.5 mm.; elytra dull reddish-brown with a broad 
fuscous stripe along the suture. 1372. sutuealis. 

ua. Lobe of fourth tarsal joint narrow. 
c. Length 5 or more mm. 
(/. Form elongate, slender; thorax distinctly longer than wide. 

1373. VESPERTINUS. 

dd. Form short, oblong, robust ; thorax about as wide as long. 

1374. AURITUS. 

cc. Length not over 4 mm. ; elytra reddish with narrow black lines. 

1375. BELLTJS. 

1371 (4181). Monocrepidius lividus DeGeer, Mem. 

Hist, des Ins., IV, 1763, 162. 

Elongate, subconvex. Dull brown, densely covered 
with short, prostrate hair ; antenna? reddish brown ; 
legs yellow. Thorax one-fourth longer than wide, 
slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly curved; hind 
angles prominent, acute, divergent, with a short and 
rather feeble carina. Elytra gradually tapering from 
base to apex, striate, the stride with close set, oblong 
punctures ; intervals flat, finely punctulate. Length 
14-17 mm. (Fig. 279.) 

Southern two-thirds of State ; frequent prob- 
ably throughout. May 30- August 11. Beaten 
from branches of trees and shrubs, especially Rg^ 2 ? 9 ; x 3 - 
those of walnut and hickory. 

1372 (4183). Monocrepidius suturalis Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1853, 482. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Above dull reddish-brown, finely and sparse- 
ly pubescent with grayish hairs ; head, median line on thorax and sutural 
stripe on elytra, expanding at base and on apical third, sooty brown or 
fuscous ; beneath fuscous, the presternum and inflexed portion of thorax 
reddish-yellow ; antennge and legs pale brownish-yellow. Thorax one-half 
longer than wide, sides broadly rounded, hind angles finely carinate ; sur- 




728 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKIDiE. 



face sparsely but distinctly punctate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical 
third, thence feebly converging to a rounded apex ; stria? indistinctly punc- 
tate ; intervals very finely punctulate. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Dubois County; rare. May 27. Beaten from oak. A member 
of the Austroriparian fauna, described from Alabama, 

1373 (4185). Monoceepidius vespertinus Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 200. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Color 
variable, usually yellow beneath and 
dark reddish-brown above, with middle 
and sides of thorax and a broad stripe 
from humerus two-thirds to apex of 
elytra and a spot on the latter, yellow ; 
rarely nearly black with one or two 
small spots, tips and humeri of elytra, 
yellow ; scutellum always yellowish. 
Thorax one-fourth longer than wide, 
narrowed in front ; sides feebly curved, 
sinuate in front of hind angles, which 
are rather long, acute and with a 
feeble carina close to edge. Elytra 
striate, the striae indistinctly punctate; 
intervals nearly flat, very finely punc- 
tulate. Length 7.5-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 22-August 11. Occurs 
on mullein and foliage of various trees, (Fig. 280.) The larva 
is said to prey upon beans, and is also injurious to cotton in the 
Southern States. 

*1374 ( 4190). Monoceepidius auritus Hbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 145. 

Oblong, robust. Color above exceedingly variable, three distinct types 
being usually preseut. These are (a) uniform piceous or piceous with only 
a median stripe on thorax reddish; (b) dull red, with two small spots on 
thorax, one on elytra surrounding scutellum, and a subapical crossbar, 
black; (c) red, with two stripes on thorax, margin, suture and apex of 
elytra black; beneath piceous or fuscous, legs and two basal joints of an- 
tennae yellow. Thorax convex, scarcely longer than wide, sides obtusely 
rounded, hind angles nearly straight, finely carinate ; surface densely, deeply 
and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical fourth, 
thence slightly curved to a broadly rounded apex ; disk striate, striae punc- 
tured ; intervals subconvex, finely but roughly punctulate. Length 5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 4— December 25. Hi- 
bernates beneath mullein leaves, logs and rubbish along fence rows 
and on side hills, especially in sandy localities. Mates in May and 
June. 

*1375 (4191). Monoceepidius bellus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III, 1823, 16S; ibid. II, 108. 
Oblong, subconvex. Black, sparsely pubescent ; thorax with a median 
line and hind angles reddish ; elytra dull red, each with two or three black 




Fig. 280. M onocrepedius vespertinus. a, larva, 
side view; b, larva, dorsal view; c, beetle — all three 
times natural size.. (After Chittenden, Bull. 33, X. 
Ser. Div. Ent„ U. S- Dep. Agr.) 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



729 



lines, these often connected at middle and near apex by two narrow and 
sinuous black crossbars; antennae and legs yellow. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, convex, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved on apical half; 
hind angles short, obtuse, divergent; surface densely and rather coarsely 
punctured. Elytra gradually tapering from base to apex, striate-punctate. 
Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. January 19-December 25. 
Hibernates beneath rubbish in damp localities. At electric lights 
in summer. 

XXIV. Dicrepidius Esch. 1829. (Gr., " two +* little shoes, i. e. 

lobes.'" ) 

Elongate brown hairy insects separated from the next genus 
only by the characters given in the key. The hind coxal plates in 
both are strongly dilated inwards and toothed. One of the three 
recognized species has been taken in the State. 

1376 (4195). Diceepidius palmatus Candez., Mon. de Elat, II, 1859, 146. 
Elongate, very slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, very sparsely 

pubescent with yellowish hairs. Antennae of male branched or pectinate; 
second joint (in both- sexes) globular, one-sixth the length of third, the 
latter as long as fourth. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, sides feebly 
rounded; disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; hind angles long, 
strongly carinate. Elytra gradually attenuate from middle to apex, striae 
coarsely punctate; intervals subconvex, finely and sparsely punctulate. 
Length 14-16 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. July 21. Taken from beneath the bark of 
pine. 

XXV. Ischiodontus Cand. 1860. (Gr., "coxa + tooth.") 

Clypeus strongly margined but not crested; prosternal sutures 
excavated in front and concave on outer side; tarsi with lobes be- 
neath both second and third joints. 

1377 (4197). Ischiodontus soleatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 

1836, 176 ; ibid. II, 612. 
Elongate-oblong, slender, convex. Dark chestnut brown; sparsely pu- 
bescent with short, suberect hairs; antennae and legs reddish-brown. An- 
tennae strongly serrate, second joint not more than one-third the length of 
third, the latter as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than broad, sides 
nearly straight, feebly divergent from near apex to tips of hind angles, 
which are prominent, subacute and finely carinate; surface rather densely 
and coarsely punctured. Elytra feebly tapering from near base to apex; 
disk with coarsely punctured striae; intervals slightly convex, finely and 
irregularly punctate. Length 10-11 mm. 



730 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIM. 



Lake, Posey and Crawford counties; rare. May 10-July 21. 
Probably occurs throughout the State, as it is known from Michigan 
and Ohio. 

XXVI. Elater Linn. 1748. (Gr., "to drive or set in motion.") 

This, the typical genus of the family, comprises about 50 known 
North American species having the body more or less wedge-shaped 
and pubescent; front convex, distinctly margined, base of labrum 
on a lower level ; antennas serrate, third joint frequently but little 
wider than second, though often as long as fourth ; thorax narrowed 
m front, hind angles long, acutely carinate : prosternal sutures 
double and excavated near the front lobe, which is rounded and 
moderately long ; scutellum rounded ; elytra strongly striate ; tarsi 
as long as the tibiae, joints 1 to 4 gradually shorter, the 5th long ; 
claws simple. 

For a synoptical table of the North American species see 
LeConte.— "Short Studies of North American Coleoptera— 
Elater/' in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1884, 8-15. 

The following species have been taken or perhaps occur in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELATER. 

a. Hind angles of thorax with two carinas; thorax rather densely and 
coarsely punctured. 
6. Third joint of antenna? shorter than fourth ; uniform chestnut-brown ; 
length 9 mm. 1378 . H epaticus. 

bb. Third joint of antennae as long as fourth; color piceous-brown ; 
length 14 mm. insignis'. 
aa. Hind angles of thorax with but one carina. 

a Antenna? feebly serrate, joints longer than wide, their outer angles 
not acute. 

a. Dark brown, coarsely pubescent ; thorax equally, deeply and rather 
coarsely punctate. 1379. manipularis. 

eld. Black, finely pubescent; thorax more finely and sparsely punc- 
tured on basal half; third joint of antennae shorter than fourth. 

1380. pedalis. 

cc. Antennae strongly serrate, joints not longer than wide, their outer 
angles acute. 

e. Antennae with third joint triangular in both sexes. 

/. Legs pale; elytra pale, dull yellow, margins blackish near tips. 

1381. NIGRICOLLIS. 

ff. Legs black. 

g. Elytra in great part black or fuscous. 

h. Basal and lateral margins of elytra scarlet. discoideus. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



731 



hh. Base of elytra and sides for one-fourth the length red. 

LiESUS. 

gg. Elytra pale dull yellow. 

i. Narrow sutural margin and tip black. 1382. linteus. 

ii. Broad sutural stripe and narrow lateral margin black. 

1383. sayi. 

ee. Antennae with third joint not triangular or very feebly so in male. 
j. Third joint of antennae very nearly equal to fourth and much 
longer than second. 
1c. Pubescence of thorax rather long and coarse; legs reddish- 
brown. IMPOLITUS. 
kJc. Pubescence of thorax very short. 

I. Thorax red. 1384. rubricollis. 

II. Body uniformly dark brown, nearly black ; length 11-16 mm. 

1384a. var. socer. 

jj. Third joint of antennae very little longer than second and dis- 
tinctly shorter than fourth. 
m. Black, legs and antennae alone reddish-brown; thorax finely 
and sparsely punctate; joints 2 and 3 of antennae together 
scarcely longer than fourth. 1385. subtilis. 

mm. Black ; thorax or elytra in part or wholly red or brownish-red. 
n. Size larger, more robust ; length 6.5 or more mm. 
o. Thorax wholly or partly red. 
p. Apex of thorax black, base and sides red. 

1386. RUBRICUS. 

pp. Thorax wholly red. 1387. collaris. 

oo. Thorax black, elytra scarlet or dull red. 

1388. SANGUINIPENNIS. 

nn. Size smaller, slender ; length less than 5 mm. 

q. Elytra blackish with large oblique basal spot and some- 
times the tip dull yellow ; thorax often yellow. 

1389. AREOLATUS. 

qq. Elytra dull brownish, the thorax paler. 1390. pusio. 

1378 (4200). Elater hepaticus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1844, 160. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Uniform dark brown, sparsely clothed 
with coarse yellowish pubescence. Antennae with second and third joints 
together a little longer than fourth. Thorax wider than long, sides rounded ; 
hind angles acute, straight, finely bicarinate. Elytra with punctured striae ; 
intervals flat, wrinkled, sparsely and finely pimctulate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. April 11- 
June 22. Occurs beneath bark and on vegetation. Resembles a 
small form of the common Melanoius communis Gyll., but readily 
known by the form of the hind coxal plates. 

E. insignis Lee, antennae and legs dull red, length 14 mm., is 
recorded from Ohio and Texas. 



732 



FAMILY XXXVII.— EL ATEEIDiE. 



1379 (4214). Elatee maniptjlaris Candez., Mon. Elater, II, I860, 478. 
Oblong, subconvex. Uniform dark reddish-brown; rather sparsely but 

coarsely pubescent with yellowish hairs. Antennas as long as thorax sec- 
ond joint small, one-half length of third, the two together equal to fourth 
Thorax wider than long, sides rounded on apical half; hind angles rather 
short, divergent, with distinct oblique carinas. Elytral striae feebly im- 
pressed with fine, oblong punctures; intervals flat, rather densely and 
roughly punctulate. Length 8.5-10 mm. 

Lake, Marshall and Fulton counties ; scarce. April 21-August 
15. Taken beneath cacti and rubbish in sandy localities. Resem- 
bles hepaticus but more slender ; hind angles of thorax shorter and 
with but one carina. 

1380 (4217). Elatee pedalis Germ., Zeitsch., V, 1844, 176. 
Elongate-oblong, convex. Black, shining, sparsely' clothed with brown- 
ish pubescence; three basal joints of antenna? and legs reddish-brown the 
tarsi paler. Thorax scarcely longer than wide, convex, widest at base 
sides feebly rounded; hind angles straight, subacute, finely and obliquely 
carmate; surface rather finely and sparsely punctured. Elvira with the 
punctures of strife longer than broad; intervals nearly flat, transversely 
wrinkled. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Steuben, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 16-July 5. 
Beaten from vegetation, especially that of tamarack. 

1381 (4221). Elater, nigeicollis Herbst, Kafer, X, 1S06, 73. 

Oblong, subdepressed, sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs Head 
thorax, scutellum and under surface, black; elytra and legs dull whitish 
yellow ; antennae fuscous, the two basal joints paler ; third joint shorter 
than fourth, much longer than second. Thorax as broad as long, broadest 
at base, sides rounded on apical third, straight and slightly divergent on 
basal two-thirds; hind angles acute, carmate; surface densely and coarsely 
punctate. Elytral striae feebly impressed with rather coarse punctures; 
intervals subconvex, finely punctulate. Length 8.5-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-November 17. Oc- 
curs beneath bark and in rotten willow, ironwood and other logs in 
low. damp woods. Probably hibernates. 

E. discoideus Fab., length 10 mm., is known 
from Canada, Ohio and Georgia; E. kesus Lee. 
dull black, opaque, length 12 mm., is recorded 
from Massachusetts. Ohio and Georgia. 

1382 (4222). Elater linteus Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. 

Soc, VI, 1836, 168 ; ibid. II, 114. 603. 
Resembles nigricollis and mentioned by Say as a 
variety of that species. Differs in having the legs, 
narrow sutural margin of elytra and small space at 
apex, black. Head and thorax more roughly punctate. 
Fig. 281. x 5. (Original.) Tnird antennal joint of male as long as fourth. Length 
7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 2S1.) 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



733 



Frequent throughout the State. April 11-June 2. Occurs be- 
neath bark of red oak and other logs, usually in dry, sandy locali- 
ties. 

1383 (4226). Elatee sayi Lee, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 465. 

In form, size and general color this species resembles the two preced- 
ing. Elytra with a broad black stripe along the suture gradually narrow- 
ing near the scutellum, and a narrow black marginal one reaching from 
apex three-fourths to base. Third joint of antennae distinctly narrower 
than fourth in both sexes. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. A single specimen taken from a hollow 
in an ash tree. April 22. Recorded only from New York. 

E. impolitus Melsh., black, legs reddish-brown, length 12 mm., 
is known from Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

1384 (4229). Elater rubricoixis Herbst, Kafer, X, 1806, 49. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, feebly shining, rather densely 

clothed with short yellowish pubescence ; thorax, except the apex and hind 
angles, and front of head, dull red. Third joint of antennae more than 
twice the length of second. Thorax slightly broader than long, widest at 
base, hind angles feebly divergent, surface rather densely and coarsely 
punctate. Elytral stria? with fine punctures ; intervals convex, rather densely 
and coarsely punctured. Length 12.5-14 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 26. Taken from stem of wheat. 
1384a (4228). Elater rtjbricollis socer Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 
1853, 467. 

Resembles rubricollis in form and structure but has the entire upper 
surface black, sparsely clothed with short grayish pubescence. Thorax 
slightly longer than wide, with a faint median impression on basal half. 
Length 11-16 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties; rare. May 20- June 12. Taken 
from beneath the bark of pine. A female from Laporte County 
measures 16 mm. Blanchard claims that socer and rulricollis are 
synonyms, Herbst 's name having priority, but I prefer to retain 
socer as a variety. 

1385 (4232). Elater stjbtilis Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1884, 12. 
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Black, clothed with fine, short, brown 

pubescence; antennae not longer than thorax, the second and third joints 
very short, nearly equal. Thorax slightly longer than wide, feebly nar- 
rowed from base to apex, slightly rounded on the sides. Elytra with punc- 
tured-striae ; intervals subconvex, finely punctate. Length 7 mm. 

Lake County; rare. June 12. Described from Lake Superior. 

1386 (4236). Elater rubricus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 261; 

ibid. II, 395. 

Oblong, subconvex. Black, sparsely pubescent with yellow hairs ; tho- 
rax and sides of prosternum red, the former with a broad, polished black 
spot extending from apex to middle; tarsi and three basal joints of an- 



734 



FAMILY XXXVII. BLATEBTMi. 



tenrae paler. Thorax nearly a, broad a S long, sides feebly carved; surface 
finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral striae with rather coarse, closelv 
Placed punctures; intervals nearly flat, very sparingly and finely punetu 
late. Length 7-9 mm. 

Northern half of State, scarce: not taken south of Marion 
County. Mar 30-Julv 29. Occurs on flowers of Viburnum and 
roliage of various plants. 

1387 (4239). Elateb collabis Say, Ann. Lye. Nat Hist. L 1S25. 268: ibid 
I, 400. 

Oblong rather slender, subconvex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence; thorax above and its sides beneath bright red 
antennae and legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer than wide 
sides feebly curved on apical half, hind angles acute, scarcely divergent 
surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytral striae feebly impressed 
punctured: intervals sparsely and rather coarsely punctate/ Length S- 
8.5 mm. 

Marion, Putnam. Vigo, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. 
March 3-June 6. Taken in early spring beneath partly buried 
logs and stones on wooded hillsides: later on foliage. 

*13SS (4242). Elates saxguixipexxis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 
III. 1823. 177; ibid. II. 115. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with vel- 
lowish pubescence; elytra uniform pale brick red; tarsi reddish-brown 
Thorax as broad at base as long, feebly tapering from base to apex hind 
angles short, acute; surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctured Elv- 
-tral striae feebly impressed with rather coarse distant punctures: interval, 
rather flat, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 7.5-8.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. February 6-June 28 An 
easily recognized species which occurs beneath 'loose bark, usually 
in damp, low woods. 

1389 (4247). Elatee areolatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill 
1823. 167; ibid. II. 108. 610. 
Elongate-oblong, slender, subconvex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown 
sparsely clothed with. rather long yellowish hairs : elytra each with a large 
oblique subhumeral spot, and often a common space near tip dull vellow ■ 
sides, and often the disk, of thorax yellowish. Thorax as broad as long' 
sides feebly rounded, hind angles short, acute; surface finelv and sparsely 
punctate. Elytral striae feebly impressed with large punctures; intervals 
sparsely and finely punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent: less so in the northern coun- 
ties. April 17-July 24. Beaten from vegetation, usually about 
the margins of low woods. This is the species commonly known as 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



735 



obliquus Say. described in 1836. The form with yellow space at 
apex of elytra was described by him as areola t us 13 years previous, 
and hence that name has priority. 

1390 (424S). Elater pusio Germ.. Zeitschr.. V, 1844, 169. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex, pubescent with rather long yellowish hairs. 
Head, thorax and under parts dull reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown. 
Thorax broader than long, but slightly narrowed in front; hind angles 
short, acute, feebly divergent; surface very finely and sparsely punctured. 
Elytral stria 11 feebly impressed with rather coarse punctures: intervals finely 
and sparsely punctulate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Kosciusko, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. June 24- 
July 11. Beaten from vegetation. Our smallest species of the 
germs. 



XXVII. Drasterius Esch. 1829. (Gr.. "active.") 

In this genus the dilated part of 
the hind coxa is truncate and not 
em ar gin ate in front of the trochanter : 
antennae feebly serrate, the third joint 
longer than seconcb the two together 
longer than the fourth. For a synop- 
tical table and notes on the eight 
known North American species, see 

LeContc. — Trans. Amer. Ent. So- 
ciety. XII. 1884. 4-6. 

But one species has been taken in 
Indiana, though another one probably 
occurs. 

1391 (4253). Deasterivs elegaxs Fab.. 

Ent. Syst.. I. 1798, 230. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Dull red- 
dish-brown, finely and sparsely pubescent ; 
head, median spot or stripe on thorax, scutelium. spot before the middle on 
each elytron and subapical crossbar, black. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, feebly narrowed in front: hind angles acute, prominent: surface 
rather finely but very distinctly punctured. Elytral striae with rather 
coarse punctures: intervals slightly convex, sparsely and linely punctulate. 
Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 2S2.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 12-December 26. 
Hibernates beneath rubbish in same localities as Monocrr pidius 
aun'tus and often confused with that species. The black discal 
spot of thorax is sometimes reduced to a mere point. 
[47—23402] 




Fie. 2S2 



FAMILY XXXVII. — ELATERIM. 



The larva is' one of the smaller injurious wire 
worms, often doing much damage to corn and 
wheat, It is of a light waxy yellow color, nine 
to 12 mm. in length, sparsely hairy and consid- 
erably flattened in form; the last segment is 
pearly tlat, rugose above, without bristle-bearing 
tubercles and with an acute apical notch. (Fig. 
282 a, ) It attacks sprouting corn and wheat, 
especially that planted on sod, eating part of the 
softened grain and boring up into the tender 
stem. No effective remedy has yet been discov- 
ered, though fall plowing for corn will greatly 
lessen their numbers. 

D. amabilis Lee, color of elegans, length 3 
mm., is recorded from Maryland, Ohio and 
Texas. 

Megapentkes limbalis ITerbst, black, disk of 
thorax (in great part) and sides of elytra red- 
dish-yellcw. length 8-11 mm., occurs in the 
Middle and Southern States and has been re- 
corded f r mi Cincinnati. 

XXVIII. Ludius Esch. 1829. (Or., "a stage 
player or gladiator.") 
Large black or dark reddish-brown Elaters, 
having the prosternal sutures concave on the outer side; tarsi 
simple, pubescent beneath ; hind coxal plates less suddenly dilated 
on inner side and strongly toothed at insertion of the thighs ; sec- 
ond and third antenna! joints always small, third a little shorter 
than second, the two together shorter than fourth, the terminal 
joint suddenly narrower near apex, presenting the appearance of a 
false joint. (Pig. 3, No. 1.) For a synopsis of the genus see 
LeConte— Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1884, 45-49. 

1302 (4271). Ludius attenuates Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., I, 1825, 
257 ; ibid. I, 392 ; II, 600. 
Elongate, moderately robust, gradually narrower behind the middle 
Dark reddish-brown or black, feebly shining, clothed with very fine silky 
pubescence ; thorax usually reddish with elytra black. Thorax as long as 
wide, or longer in the male, gradually narrower from base to apex, sides 
feebly curved ; hind angles rather short, strongly carinate ; disk coarsely 
but not densely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, rapidly narrowing 
to apex, tips acute ; surface obsoletely substriate, densely and rather roughly 
punctate. Cavity of mesosternum into which prosternal spine fits with sides 
parallel and elevated. Length 14-22 mm. 




Fig. 282a. 

X 

(After Forbes.) 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



737 



Throughout the State ; frequent. June 30-Septembef 26. One 
was noted emerging from pupal stage on the former date. Occurs 
beneath bark of decaying walnut, mulberry and other stumps and 
logs. 

1393 ( 4275). Ludius abruptus Say, loc. cit., 253; ibid. I, 389. 
Elongate, moderately robust. Black, shining, clothed with fine black, 

silky pubescence; antennae and legs piceous, the former reaching tips of 
hind angles of thorax in male, shorter in female. Thorax as wide as long, 
female, somewhat narrower, male; sides curved and narrowing to the 
front; hind angles scarcely divergent, carinate; disk convex, shining, rather 
coarsely, not closely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, sides grad- 
ually curved and narrowing to apex, the tips together rounded; surface 
substriate, finely and densely punctured. Sides of mesosternal cavity 
strongly convergent behind, not elevated. Length 15-20 mm. 

Starke, Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. July 4-Au- 
gust 7. 

XXIX. Orthostethus Lac. 1857. (Gr., " straight breast.") 

This genus is represented in the southern Atlantic States and 
southern Indiana by the single large species: 

1394 (4278). Orthostethus infuscatus Germ., Zeitschr., V, 1S44, 183. 
Elongate, strongly attenuate behind the middle. Uniform dark reddish 

or sooty brown, densely clothed with brownish-yellow prostrate hairs. An- 
tennas with second joint less than half the length of third, the latter shorter 
and much narrower than fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sub- 
convex, sides rounded on apical third, straight and parallel on basal two- 
thirds ; hind angles long, acute, divergent, strongly and obliquely carinate ; 
surface rather densely and finely punctate. Elytra gradually tapering from 
base to apex, obsoletely striate, more densely punctate than thorax. Length 
26-30 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. July 2-July 26. 
Occurs beneath loose bark of old snags, on high wooded hills. A 
typical example of the Austroriparian fauna of the southern third 
of the State. 

Subtribe B. (Corymbitini.) 

In this subtribe the hind coxal plates are gradually, sometimes 
scarcely, widened on the inner side, the hind margin being nearly 
straight, and often not toothed over the insertion of the thighs. 
The claws are serrate or pectinate in several of the genera. Of the 
20 North American genera composing the subtribe 14 are known to 
be represented in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. 



738 



FAMILY XXX VII. ELATERILLE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE COKYMBITINI. 

ft. Front or clypens convex, its edge higher than the labrmn ; mouth in- 
ferior and applied to the prosternum in repose. 
b. Front truncate, not margined behind the labrum. though higher than 
it; tarsal claws simple; size 7 or more mm. 
c. Side margins of thorax bent downward in front. 

XXX. Agriotes. 

cc. Side margins of thorax straight. XXXI. Dolopius. 

bT). Front margined behind the labrum ; tarsi slightly lobed. the claws 
with comb-like teeth ; size small, not more than 6 mm. 

XXXII. Glyphoxyx. 
mi. Front flattened; mouth horizontal or anterior (except in Serious), 
d. Front margined. 

e. Tarsal claws with comb-like teeth ; color usually dull reddish- 
brown or piceous. XXXIII. Melaxotus. 
ee. Tarsal claws simple. 

f. Hind tarsi with first joint scarcely longer than second ; color 
dull sooty brown. XXXIY. Limoxius, 

if. Hind tarsi with first joint elongate. 
g. Prosternal lobe very short. 

//. Antennae 11-jointed; metasternum acute. Campylis. 
lih. Antennae 12-jointed; metasternum obtuse. Pityobiis. 
gg. Prosternal lobe long. 

i. Sutures of prosternum single ; thorax usually distinctly 
longer than wide. XXXY. Athous. 

ii. Sutures of prosternum double ; thorax scarcely longer than 
wide, more convex. XXXYI. Leptoschema. 

(hi. Front not margined : usually slightly concave. 

j. Sides of mesostemal cavity not protuberant ; size usually medium 
or small ; color rarely uniform black. 
Jc. Tarsi simple, filiform. 

/. Prosternum not lobed in front, the sutures straight; third joint 
of antenna? small : length 6.5-7 mm. XXXYII. Blades. 
//. Prosternum lobed in front. 
m. Lobe of prosternum short, the sutures excavated in front ; 
elytra striate ; length 11-12.5 mm. XXXYIII. Xothodes. 
mm. Lobe of prosternum long. 

;/. Front convex; hind coxal plates scarcely narrower at the 
outer end ; length 6.5-7.5 mm. XXXIX. Serices. 

;///. Front more or less flattened; coxal plates distinctly nar- 
rower at outer end. 
o. Tarsal claws simple ; color often variegated. 

XL. CORYMBITES. 

oo. Tarsal claws with a broad tooth at base; piceous- 
bronzed. elytra reddish-brown. XLI. Oxygoxits. 

/,•/>•. Tarsi with the second and third joints lobed beneath. 

XLII. Asaphes. 

jj. Sides of mesosternal cavity protuberant; size large. 18 or more 
mm., color uniform black. XLIII. YIelanactes. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



739 



XXX. Agriotes Escii. 1829. ((Jr., "wild.") 

Moderate sized oblong species, having the presternum lobed.in 
front, its sutures double ; antennas slender, scarcely serrate, the 
first joint a little longer than usual; hind coxal plates but slightly 
broader on the inner side, and with a large tooth above the inser- 
tion of the thighs. For a synoptical table of the North American 
species with notes, see 

LeConie. — " Short Studies of Xorth American Coleoptera — 
Agriotes." in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XII. 1884. 15-19. 

Six species have been taken in Indiana, while another probably 
occurs in the northern counties. 

KEY TO IXMAXA SPECIES OF AGEIOTES. 

a. Hind coxal plates very gradually dilated from without to inner side 
and not twice broader at inner third than at outer end. 
b. Form robust: mandibles thick, the tips broad, chisel-shaped: thorax 
very convex, coarsely and densely punctate. 1395. maxcus. 

bb. Form more slender : mandibles much more slender, tips subacute. 
c. Thorax coarsely punctured in front, very finely and densely punc- 
tured behind the middle. 1396. stabilis. 
cc. Thorax similarly, usually coarsely, punctured over the entire sur- 
face. 

d. Antenna? with joints two and three each distinctly shorter than 
fourth : side margin of thorax distinct in its entire length, 
c. Hind angles of thorax not visibly carinate; color pale brown 
with dense grayish pubescence : smaller. 7-8 mm. 

1397. ixsaxus. 

ec. Hind angles of thorax very distinctly carinate: color variable; 
larger. 9-12 mm. fucosf/s. 
dd. Antenna? with joints two and three each eo.ua 1 in length to. and 
scarcely narrower than, joint four : side margin of thorax in- 
distinct in the middle of its length and very much denexed in 
front: color dark fuscous. . 139S. pubescexs. 

as. Hind coxal plates rather suddenly dilated within, more than twice as 
broad at inner third than at outer end. 
f. Joints two and three of antenna? each shorter than fourth, the third 
shorter than second: thorax distinctly longer than wide. 

1399. 0BLOXGIC0LLIS. 

ff. Antenme with joints two. three and four very nearly of equal length : 
thorax scarcely longer thau wide, coarsely and deeply punctate. 

3400. avuxsus 



740 



FAMILY XXXVIT. — ELATE!? ! O.K 




mm 



JO m 

frail- ill 
ilflllflHI 



f 



mmmm 



v 



Fig. 283. X 7. (After Forbes.) 



1395 (4279). Agriotes mancus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, III. 1823. 
171; ibid. II, 111. 
Oblong, subconvex. Dull brownish- 
yellow, dusky beneath, sparsely clothed 
with short yellowish pubescence ; head 
and thorax often fuscous ; tibia? and 
tarsi paler. Thorax slightly wider than 
long, sides regularly curved from base 
to apex ; hind angles short, feebly di- 
vergent; disk with a shallow median 
line on basal half. Elytra with sides 
parallel on basal half, thence gradually 
rounded to apex ; striate, the stria? fine- 
ly punctate; intervals nearly flat, finely 
and transversely wrinkled. Length 7.5- 
S.5 mm. (Fig. 283.) 

Lake County ; frequent. March 
26-June 24. Should be found 
throughout the State. The larva is 
known as the "wheat wireworm," 
and is injurious to corn, wheat and other cereals espec ally those grow- 
ing in low, wet lands. It is a cylindrical, pale brownish-yellow 
species, having two conspicuous black circular pits near the front 
.margin of upper surface of last segment. (Fig. 
284.) It bores into the stems of corn from the time 
the latter appears above the ground until it is a 
foot or more high, causing the infested stalks to 
wither and die. About three years are necessary 
for the larva to reach maturity, when it pupates in 
earthen cells. If disturbed by fall plowing, many 
of the pupa? or matured beetles are killed. As yet 
no other effective remedy has been discovered. 

1396 (4280). Agriotes stabilis Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc, X, 1853, 457. 

Elongate, rather robust. Color variable, head and 
thorax usually piceous ; elytra often dull red, pubescent; 
antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-third longer 
than wide, sides nearly parallel, rounded in front ; hind 
angles feebly divergent, not, or very obtusely, carinate ; 
surface distinctly but finely punctate in front, very dense- 
ly and finely punctate behind the middle. Elytral stria? 
finely and deeply punctured; intervals flat, minutely punc- 
tulate and with fine transverse wrinkles. Length 9-11 mm. 

Lake and Steuben counties; rare. June 17. 
Beaten from sassafras. A member of the Alle- 

Fig. 284. (After Forbes.) ghanian faiUia. 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



741 



1397 (4281). Agkiotes insanus Cand., Elat, IV, 370. 

Elongate-oblong; slender, convex. Pale dull brown; head and thorax 
somewhat darker: legs paler. Thorax slightly longer than broad; sides 
rounded on apical third: hind angles feebly diverging, subacute, not visibly 
carinate: disk with a median impressed line on basal half, rather densely 
and finely punctate. Elytral stria? rather finely punctate; intervals densely 
and roughly punctulate. Length 7-8 mm. 

Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties; frequent. April 16- 
June 6. Occurs on flowers of the red haw. Cratmgus, and later on 
the foliage of the horseweed. Ambrosia trifida. 

A. fucosus Lee. piceous or with the sides of thorax dark red, 
sometimes with elytra or even entire upper surface reddish-brown, 
is a northern species ranging 1 from New England to California. 



1398 (4286). Agbiotes pubescens Melsh., 

Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci.. II, 1845. 217. 
Elongate, convex, rather densely 
clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence. 
Dark fuscous or sooty brown ; antennas 
and legs dull reddish-brown. Thorax dis- 
tinctly longer than wide, sides parallel and 
straight from base to apical fourth, thence 
suddenly rounded to apex : hind angles 
slightly divergent, carinate ; surf ace deep- 
ly, rather densely and equally punctate. 
Elytra with sides parallel to beyond the 
middle, thence gradually narrowed to tips, 
which are acutely rounded: striae with 
fine punctures : intervals nearly flat, dense- 
ly and roughly punctulate. Length 9 mm. 
(Fig. 2S5.) 

Lake and Wells counties ; scarce. 
May 17-June 24. Eecorded from Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

1399 (4290). Agriotes obloxgicollis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., II. 

1845. 218. 

Elongate, slender, convex. Dark reddish- to fuscous-brown, sparsely 
clothed with yellowish pubescence ; antenna? and legs pale reddish-brown, 
the former longer than head and thorax. Thorax subcylindric. convex; 
sides nearly straight to apical fourth, then curved to apex; hind angles 
acute, divergent, feebly carinate; surface finely and densely punctate. Ely- 
tral stria? fine, impressed with oblong punctures; intervals minutely and 
rather densely punctulate. appearing as if transversely wrinkled. Length 
6-9 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent in the southern half, less so 
northward. April 17-August 13. Occurs in April and May on 




742 



FAMILY XXX VI I . EL A T E R I DIE . 



flowers of Cratctgiis, and later on foliage of various plants. Noted 
as mating on April 26. 

1400 (4293). Agriotes avulsus Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. See, X, 1S53, 457. 

Elongate-oblong ; convex. Piceous-black, shining ; sparsely clothed with 
yellowish pubescence ; legs and antennae pale reddish-brown. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, sides rounded on apical third ; hind angles feebly diverg- 
ing, strongly carinate ; surface rather sparsely and very coarsely punctate. 
Elytra 1 striae rather coarsely punctate ; intervals nearly flat, sparsely and 
roughly punctulate. Length 8 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. May 24-June 9. Beaten from foliage. 
Known heretofore only from New England and Pennsylvania. 
Resembles pubescens but readily distinguished by the form of hind 
coxal plates, more shining surface and more coarsely punctured 
thorax. 

XXXI. Doloptus Esch. 1829. (Gr., "crafty.") 

Differs from Agriotes only in having the side margin of the 
thorax straight instead of being bent downward in front. One 
species only is known from North America. 

1401 (4207). Dolopius lateralis Esch., Thon. Archiv., But. II, 1S29, 34. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Piceous or sooty brown, sparsely clothed 
with short yellowish pubescence; apex and hind angles of thorax, more or 
less distinct subhumeral stripe of elytra, legs and basal joints of antennas, 
yellowish. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides parallel, rounded on 
apical fourth ; hind angles acute, prominent, not divergent ; disk densely 
and rather finely punctate, and with a faint median impressed line on 
basal half. Elytra! stria? with distinct, close-set punctures; intervals flat, 
finely, densely and rugosely punctulate. Length 7-8 mm. 

Northern half of State ; frequent. April 15-October 12. Beaten 
from foliage, especially that of tamarack; often occurs on flowers 
of blackberry. In some specimens the yellow on elytra is reduced 
to a mere trace on humeral angles. 

XXXII. Glyphonyx Cand. 1863. (Gr., "carve + claw. ") 

Small, slender, brownish beetles, attenuate behind the middle 
and having the clypeus more or less angulate ; hind angles of tho- 
rax not carinate; third and fourth joints of tarsi slightly lotted 
beneath. Five species are known from the United States, four of 
which occur in Indiana. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPHONYX. 

a. Front of clypeus distinctly anguiated. 

b. Head at least, and usually the sutural line, dusky. 

6. Larger, more robust; third and fourth tarsal joints lobed beneath; 

length 5.5-6 mm. 1402. recticollis! 

ce. Smaller, more slender ; fourth tarsal joint only lobed beneath ; 
length 4.5-5 mm. 1403. inquinatus'. 

bb. Color uniform dull reddish-yellow or "rufo-testaceous" ; length 4- 

5 - 5 miU - 1404. TESTACEUS. 

aa. Front of clypeus rounded or very obtusely anguiated; color sooty or 
blackish-brown; length 4.5-5 mm. 1405. quietus. 

1402 (4299). Glyphonyx recticollis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci 

III, 1823, 168 ; ibid. II, 109, 622. 
Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull brownish-yellow; head, disk of thorax 
and sutural margins dusky ; legs and antennae paler. Clypeus strongly de- 
scending with the apex almost rectangular. Second and third joints of 
antennae short, subequal, together one-half longer than fourth. Thorax as 
broad as long, sides straight, rounded on apical fourth; disk rather sparsely 
and finely punctulate ; hind angles not carinate, scarcely divergent. Elytral 
striae punctate; intervals subconvex, with numerous minute punctures. 
Length 6 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. March 8-November 1. 
Readily known from the next three by its larger size. 

1403 ( 4302). Glyphonyx inquinatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 

1836, 175 ; ibid. II, 611. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Pale brownish-yellow, rather densely pubes- 
cent with long yellowish hairs; head and often a narrow sutural line dusky. 
Thorax slightly broader than long; sides nearly straight, slightly rounded 
on apical fourth, hind angles acute, not carinate, feebly divergent ; surface 
finely and densely punctate: Elytra with finely punctured striae; intervals 
nearly flat with minute punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. January 5-December 25. 
Hibernates beneath rubbish along fence rows and in dry, open 
woods; most frequent in June on vegetation. 

1404 (4300). Glyphonyx testaceus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci 

II, 1S45, 219. 

Resembles recticollis but smaller and entirely dull reddish-vellow in 
color. Thorax with sides straight except immediately at apex, where they 
are rounded; hind angles not divergent. Clypeus acutely anguiated at 
apex. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-December 23. Oc- 
curs in spring beneath chunks and stones in sandy localities; in 
summer on foliage. 



744 FAMILY XXXVII. — elatebtm:. 

1405 (4301). Glyphonyx quietus Say., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VI, 1836, 
1S4; ibid. II, 622. 

Elongate, slender, convex. Blackish-brown or piceous. rather densely 
clothed with short yellowish hairs ; antennae reddish-brown : legs pale yel- 
low. Clypeus obtusely rounded in front. Thorax as in recticoUis, the hind 
angles scarcely diverging. Tarsal claws with few rather robust teeth. 
Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Southern half of State. Marshall County only in the north: 
frequent, March 25- June 10. Beaten from vegetation. 

XXXIII. Melanott/s Esch. 1829. (Gr., "black + back.") 
This genus contains a number of small or moderate-sized click- 
beetles, usually uniform dull brown in color and having the clypeus 
margined in front ; antennae serrate, with the first joint broad, the 
second and third variable; presternum lobed in front, the sutures 
double and concave on outer side; hind coxal plates gradually 
dilated inwards and toothed above the insertion of the thighs: tarsi 
not lobed beneath, the claws with distinct, comb-like teeth. The 
males usually have the antenna! joints pilose or clothed with erect 
bristling hairs. 

The larva? of three or four of the species are among the most 
destructive of the wireworms. The adults usually occur beneath 
bark or on the foliage of trees, to which their pectinate claws en- 
able them to readily cling. They are so similar in form and hue 
that they are very difficult to separate. There is no special litera- 
ture on the genus, the descriptions being widely scattered and many 
of them doubtless synonymous, and the group has given me more 
trouble than any other genus treated in the paper. All the Indi- 
ana specimens have been compared with such types and named spe- 
cies as are in the Horn collection at Philadelphia and the LeConte 
and Meisheimer collections at Cambridge. Of the 15 species listed 
from the United States. 19 have been taken in Indiana, while 9 
others are herewith described for the first time. For convenienc 
they are first separated into two groups and these in turn into 
species. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF MELANOTICS. 

a. Third joint of antenna- but little if any longer than second, the two 
together almost always shorter than fourth. Group A. 

aa. Third joint of antenme at least one-half longer than second, the two 
together equal to or longer than fourth. Group B. 

Group A. 

This group comprises seven of the 28 species. The third joint 
of antennae may be slightly longer than second, but never one-half 
longer. 



e 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



745 



KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Size larger, 14.5 or more mm. 

p. Sides of thorax straight or nearly so; those of elytra distinctly con- 
verging on apical half. 
c. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base, the sides straight 
from base to apex ; last ventral of male very coarsely punctate ; 
length 15-16 mm. 1406. corticinus. 

cc. Thorax very slightly narrower at apex than base, .the sides dis- 
tinctly rounded near apex ; length 17.5-18 mm. 

1407. GLANDICOLOR. 

1)1). Sides of thorax feebly but distinctly rounded, slightly sinuate in 
front of hind angles; those of elytra parallel or nearly so; color 
darker; length 1S-21 mm. 140S. castanipes. 

aa. Size smaller, not over 12.5 mm. 

cl. Disk of thorax evenly and rather coarsely punctate ; carina? of hind 
angles acute, distinct, close to and parallel to outer edge and reach- 
ing beyond the middle of thorax. 1409. ignobilis. 
del. Disk of thorax unevenly and sparsely punctate; carina} of hind an- 
gles more or less oblique, not reaching middle. 
e. Thorax more densely and coarsely punctured on sides than on mid- 
dle, its sides straight or nearly so from base to apex; antenna? 
of male very long. 1410. longicornis. 
ee. Thorax rather finely and sparsely punctured on both sides and 
middle, its sides distinctly rounded on apical half. 
f. Ventral segments of abdomen, except the last, finely and rather 
sparsely punctate ; reddish or chestnut brown ; length 7-9 mm. 

1411. AMERICANUS. 

ff. Ventral segments with coarse, dense, elongate, more or less con- 
fluent punctures; piceous or dark fuscous-brown; length 10- 
11 mm. 1412. cribriventris. 

1406 (4304). Melanotus corticinus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill, 

1823, 174 ; ibid. II. 113, 621. 

Elongate, subconvex. Chestnut or dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed 
with long grayish hairs. Second and third joints of antenna? small, rounded, 
subequal; together much shorter than fourth. Thorax one-fourth longer 
than wide ; disk with a median impressed line on basal half ; surface rather 
sparsely and coarsely punctate, more densely on sides; hind angles feebly 
diverging, strongly carinate. Elytra.] stria? feebly impressed with rather 
large, close-set punctures ; intervals sparsely and finely punctulate. Length 
14.5-15.5 mm. 

Knox, Orange, Crawford and Posey counties ; scarce. May 15- 
June 8. The seven specimens at hand are all males. 

1407 (4321). Melanotus glandicolor Melsh., Proo. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci 

II, 1844, 152. 

Elongate, the sides straight and parallel from near the front angles of 
thorax to beyond the middle of elytra. Chestnut-brown ; sparsely pubes- 
cent with grayish-yellow hairs. Second and third joints of antennae sub- 



74(5 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIDJE. 



equal, together a little shorter than fourth. Thorax subquaclrate, convex, 
rather sparsely punctate at middle, very coarsely and closely on sides and 
with a faint median impressed line near base; hind angles strongly and 
acutely carinate. Elytral striae with crenate punctures ; intervals flat, finely 
and sparsely punctulate. Length 17.5-18 mm. 

Orange and Crawford counties; rare. June 1-June 26. This 
species may prove to be the female of corticimis. The single type 
at Cambridge is a female, as are also both of my specimens. 

1408 (4320) . Melanotus castanipes Payk., Faun. Suec. Insect., Ill, 1S00, 23. 
Elongate, the sides parallel. Very dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubes- 
cent. Second and third joints of antennae subequal, together slightly shorter 
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than wide, distinctly narrower at apex 
than base, sides feebly but distinctly rounded from base of hind angles to 
apex ; disk coarsely and densely punctured, the median impressed line dis- 
tinct on basal third; hind angles elongate, acute, divergent, strongly and 
obliquely carinate. Elytra with sides straight and parallel from base nearly 
to apex ; stria? feebly impressed with elongate punctures. Length 18-21 mm. 

Laporte County ; rare. May 20. Taken from beneath the bark 
of pine, and probably occurs only in the northern counties. 

1409 (4312). Melanotus ignobilis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 152. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous or very dark reddish-brown, sparsely pu- 
bescent. Antennae elongate, joints broader and more strongly serrate than 
usual, the third one-fourth longer than second. Thorax subquaclrate, slightly 
longer than wide, a little narrowed in front, sides straight; carina? of hind 
angles continued onto elytral humeri. Elytra feebly but distinctly narrowed 
from base to apex, marked with rows of large, round, deep punctures ; in- 
tervals minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 10.5 mm. 

Fountain County- rare. June 16. Described from Pennsyl- 
vania. The long parallel carina? of hind angles, carinate humeri 
of elytra and broad antenna] joints make this an easily distinguished 
species. 

-[410 ( ). Melanotus longicornis sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Chestnut or reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with 
prostrate grayish hairs. Antenna? of male reaching middle of elytra, of 
female one-fourth shorter ; joints 2 and 3 subglobular, the third one-fourth 
longer than second, together much shorter than fourth. Clypeus concave, 
coarsely and densely punctate, its front margin feebly angulate at middle. 
Thorax one-fourth longer than wide, sides straight and diverging from apex 
to base; disk very sparsely and rather finely punctate at middle, more 
coarsely and closely on sides. Elytra with rows of coarse, close-set punc- 
tures ; intervals smooth or nearly so. Abdomen coarsely and rather densely 
punctate. Length 9.5-10 mm. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



747 



Kosciusko, Vigo, Orange and Posey counties; frequent. May 
31-June 6. This species occurs in collections under the name corti- 
cimis, but is very distinct in size, length of male antenna- 4 and 
punctuation of thorax, from that species as above described. 

1411 (4336). Melanotus americanus Hbst, Kafer, 10, 1806, 74. 
Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent with 

grayish hairs. Second and third joints of antenna? short, subequal. together 
about equal to fourth. Thorax not longer than wide, distinctly narrower 
at apex than base, sides feebly rounded on apical half ; disk finely and 
sparsely punctate, with a faint median impression on basal third. Elytra 1 
stria? very feebly impressed with large oblong punctures ; intervals finely 
and sparsely punctulate. Length 7-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 27-August 11. The 
thorax is more convex and rounded on sides in female than in male. 

1412 ( ). Melanotus ceibbiventeis sp. nov. 

Elongate, rather robust. Uniform piceous, sparsely clothed with gray- 
ish pubescence; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Antenna? slender, reach- 
ing basal fourth of elytra, second and third joints subglobular, subequal, 
together one-third shorter than fourth. Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely 
punctate, its front margin rounded. Thorax slightly longer than wide, 
sparsely and rather finely punctate ; disk with a distinct median impression 
on basal two-thirds ; hind angles rather short, scarcely divaricate, strongly 
carinate. Elytra very slightly tapering from the base, the punctures small, 
close-set; intervals smooth or nearly so. Length 10-11 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. July ,11. 

Geoup B. 

In this group the third antennal joint is always fully one-half 
longer than second and sometimes more than as long again. The 
following species, except one, are represented in the collection at 
hand : 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GEOUP B. 

a. Hind angles of thorax with two carinas, the inner one much less dis- 
tinct than the outer. 
b. Thorax with a more or less distinct median impressed line. 

c. Fourth joint of antenna? nearly or quite double the length of third: 
thorax slightly longer than wide ; last ventral of male distinctly 
tumid or convex at middle ; larger, 15 or more mm. 

1413. DECUMANUS. 

cc. Fourth joint of antenna? but little if any longer than third: thorax 
not longer than wide : smaller, not over 14 mm. 

1414. COMMUNIS. 

bl). Thorax without a median impressed line. 



748 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERTDJE. 



d. Clypeus flat or slightly concave; thorax slightly wider at middle 
than elytra, strongly narrowed in front ; length 14-17 mm. 

1415. FISSILIS. 

dd. Olypeus strongly concave; thorax not wider at middle than elytra; 
length 15-17 mm. 1416. canadensis. 

a a. Hind angles of thorax with but one carina. 

e. Fourth joint of antennae at least one-third longer than third. 
/. Size larger. 12.5 or more mm. ; form rather robust. 
g. Surface of thorax sparsely and rather finely punctate, the sides 
straight from base to near apex ; clypeus subangulate at apex ; 
length 12.5-14 mm. 1417. sagittaeius. 

gg. Surface of thorax, at least on sides, coarsely and rather densely 
punctured; sides more or less rounded toward apex; clypeus 
broadly rounded ; elytral intervals coarsely and distinctly punc- 
tate ; length 14-15 mm. 1418. difficilis. 
f f. Size smaller, not over 12 mm. ; form usually much more slender. 
li. Thorax very finely and so densely punctate as to make the sur- 
face dull; pubescence short, erect; length 10-11 mm. 

OPACICOLLIS. 

hh. Thorax normally punctate, the punctures either much more 
sparse or much coarser. 
i. Surface closely pubescent with long gray prostrate hairs; ely- 
tra but slightly narrowed from base to apex ; length 10- 
11.5 mm. 1419. pilosus. 

it. Surface sparsely pubescent with much shorter hairs; elytra 
(except in macer) distinctly narrowed behind the middle. 
./'. Carina? of hind angles very long, and close to margin ; third 
joint of antennae one-half longer than second, the two to- 
• gether slightly shorter than fourth : length 11 mm. 

1420. CAKINUS. 

jj. Carina? of hind angles not reaching middle of thorax ; third 
joint more than one-half longer than second. 
7c. Length not more than 9 mm. ; form very slender. 

1. Clypeus rounded in front, convex; thorax short, not 
longer than wide. 1421. teapezoideus. 

//. Clypeus subtruncate, concave; thorax more slender, 
longer than wide. 1422. pbasixus. 

kk. Length 10-12 mm. ; form more robust. 

m. Clypeus strongly concave; sides of thorax straight; ely- 
tra parallel or nearly so. 1423. macer. 
mm, Clypeus flat or subconvex ; sides of thorax more or less 
rounded; elytra distinctly narrowing behind the mid- 
dle. 

n. Dark reddish-brown or fuscous; disk of thorax coarse- 
ly and rather sparsely punctate. 

1424. VERBEBANS. 

nn. Pale reddish-brown; disk of thorax very finely and 
more sparsely punctate. 1425. angustatus. 

ee. Fourth joint of antenna? but little, if any. longer than third. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



740 



o. Punctures on basal half of thorax minute, very dense and some- 
what rugose; those on apical half much coarser; length 13- 
14 mm. 1420. gradatus. 

oo. Punctures on basal and apical halves of thorax not varying greatly 
in density and coarseness. 
p. Carinas of hind angles very distinct, and strongly diverging from 
apex to their bases, the space between carina and side at base 
with three or four rows of coarse punctures; length 12- 
11.5 mm. 1427. divarcarinus. 

pp. Carina? of hind angles less distinct and much less divergent, not 
over two rows of punctures between their bases and sides of 
thorax. 

q. Larger and more robust species ; length 11 or more mm. 

r. Thorax very sparsely punctured, finely on the middle of 
disk, a little more coarsely on the sides ; length 11-12 mm. 

1428. PARAMPUNCTATl S. 

rr. Thorax coarsely and closely punctured on sides. 

s. Clypeus broadly but not deeply concave; color dark red- 
dish-brown; length 15 mm. 1429. lixus. 
ss. Clypeus subconvex ; color fuscous or smoky brown ; length 
13.5 mm. 1430. debilis. 
qq. Smaller and much more slender species ; length not over 
10.5 mm. 

t. Punctures of elytral intervals very fine and indistinct. 
u. Reddish or sooty brown ; clypeus subconvex ; thorax as 
long as or slightly longer than wide, very finely and 
sparsely punctate at middle, more closely on sides. 

1431. DEPRESSUS. 

mi, Piceous-black ; clypeus subconcave ; thorax slightly wider 
than long, its punctures coarser. 1432. pertinax. 

tt. Punctures of elytral intervals almost as coarse as those of 
stria? ; form very slender ; color piceous ; length 7.5-S.5 mm. 

1433. tenax. 

1413 (4307). Melanotus decumanus Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., Ill, 1S42, 
104. 

Elongate, robust. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with 
grayish hairs. Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely and densely punctate. An- 
tenna? slightly longer than head and thorax, third joint twice the length 
of second, three-fifths as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, 
sides sinuate near base of hind angles, distinctly curved in front of middle : 
disk very coarsely and densely punctate on sides, more sparsely at center 
and with a smooth, more or less impressed line on basal two-thirds. Ely- 
tral stria? feebly impressed, rather finely punctate; intervals finely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 14-18 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April S-July 14. Beaten 
from pine and beech foliage ; also beneath bark. The sides of tho- 
rax are more broadly rounded in females than in males. 



750 



FAMILY XXX VII. — E LATEBID2E. 



*1414 (4323). Melanotus communis Gyll., Schon. Syii. Ins., Ill, 1817, 138. 

Resembles ftssilis but more slender 
and paler brown in color. Thorax not 
wider than elytra, not longer than wide 
and with a distinct median impressed line 
on basal half ; disk less densely and more 
linely punctured than in ftssilis or decu- 
manus. Length 11.5-14 mm. (Fig. 2SG.) 

The most abundant click beetle in 
the State. Hibernates in the same 
places as fissiUs and often occurs in 
company with that species. January 
1 -J.— December 25. Both this species 
and fissiUs are attracted by electric 
light in May and June. Their larvae 
are among the most injurious wire- 
worms preying upon corn. The larval 
stage extends over three or four years 
and the change to a pupa takes place in July or August. From 
these pupae the hibernating beetles begin to emerge in about one 
month. 




Fig. 2S6. X 4. (After Forbes.) 



*H.'5 (4322). 



VI. 1830, 



Melanotus fissilis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 
1S3 ; ibid. II. 621. 
Elongate, rather robust. Dark smoky 
brown or pieeous, sparsely pubescent. Third 
joint of antennae mjre than twice the 
length of second, one-third shorter than 
fourth. Thorax slightly wider than long, 
widest at middle, sides rounded ; basal fis- 
sures very distinct ; surface coarsely punc- 
tured, more densely on sides. Elytra grad- 
ually attenuate from base to apex, striae 
with crenate punctures ; . intervals flat, 
sparsely and finely punctulate and trans- 
versely wrinkled. Length 13-17 mm. (Fig. 
287.) 

Throughout the State, common ; 
more so in the southern counties. 
January 5-November 23. Hibernates 
beneath locse bark, mullein leaves and 
rubbish and in cracks of logs in dry 
localities ; usually three to a dozen or 
more close together. The females are 
much larger and have the disk of thorax more coarsely and densely 
punctate than the males. 




Fig. 287. X 4. (After Forbes.) 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



751 



1416 (4308). Melanotus canadensis Caiid., Monog. Elat, III, 1860, 342. 
Elongate, robust. Ficeons or dark chestnut brown, sparsely pubescent. 

Antennae slightly longer than head and thorax, third joint double the length 
of second, one-half as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than broad, 
apex distinctly narrower than base, sides rounded on apical half; disk 
coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra feebly but distinctly tapering from 
base to apex, stria* coarsely punctate. Length 15-15.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 2. Resembles both fissilis and decu- 
manus. Differs in the strongly concave clypeus and in having the 
presternum much more coarsely and closely punctured than in 
either. 

1417 (4343). Melanotus Sagittarius Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1S53, 480. 

Elongate, slender. Dull sooty or reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with 
grayish hairs ; legs paler. Second and third joints of antennae together dis- 
tinctly shorter than fourth. Thorax but slightly convex, a little longer 
than wide, feebly narrowed from base to apex, sides slightly rounded on 
apical third ; disk sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, with an impressed 
line on basal half. Elytra with rows of rather coarse, feebly impressed 
punctures; intervals sparsely and finely punetulate. Length 12-13 mm. 

Steuben and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 17-July 10. 
Beaten from elm. 

1418 ( ). Melanotus diffictlis sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Pale reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. 
Clypeus short, coarsely punctate. Antennae slender, third joint twice the 
length of second, one-half as long as fourth. Thorax slightly wider at base 
than long, narrowed in front ; disk, viewed from above, with sides obviously 
sloping downward toward front angles, coarsely, evenly, not closely punc- 
tate; carinas of hind angles prominent, strongly diverging from their tips. 
Elytra almost parallel, striae feebly impressed, finely punctate. Length 14- 
15 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties; rare. July 2-July 8. Resembles 
corticimis and Sagittarius in form. Elytral intervals more coarsely 
punctate than in any of our species except tenax. 

M. opaeieollis, Lee, fuscous, third joint one-half longer than 
second, was described from Rock Island, Illinois. 

1410 ( ). Melanotus piloses sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Pale reddish-brown, densely clothed with 
long grayish prostrate hairs. Third joint of antennae in male two-thirds 
longer than second, one-half the length of fourth ; iu female twice as long 
as second, two-thirds the length of fourth. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, sides nearly straight, feebly rounded on apical half ; disk densely and 
rather coarsely punctate, a faint median impressed line behind the middle. 
Elytra with sides parallel from base to apical fourth, thence converging to 
a rounded apex; punctures of striae large, feebly impressed; intervals 

[48—23402] 



752 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIDJE. 



sparsely and finely punctulate. Prosternal flanks sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Length 10-11.5 mm. 

Vermillion, Vigo, Knox and Posey counties; scarce. June 6- 
July 24. More densely pubescent than any other member of the 
genus taken in the State. Occurs on vegetation, especially that of 
milkweed. 

1420 ( ). Melanotus carinus sp. now 

Elongate, rather robust. Fuscous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely pu- 
bescent with long gray hairs ; antennas and legs paler. Clypeus feebly con- 
cave, coarsely punctate. Third joint of antennae much narrower than and 
one-half the length of fourth. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at 
apex than base, sides almost straight, the punctures very coarse, rather 
dense at sides, sparse at middle ; disk with a vague median impression on 
basal third. Elytral striae feebly impressed, coarsely punctate; intervals 
minutely and indistinctly punctate. Last ventral of male with coarse, 
dense, elongate punctures. Length 12 mm. 

Lake County; rare. June 4. 

1421 (4315). Melanotus trapezoideus Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1853, 475. 

Elongate, slender. Dark chestnut or sooty brown, sparsely pubescent 
with long grayish hairs ; -antennae and legs paler. Third joint of antennae 
twice the length of second, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, sides nearly straight, feebly rounded on apical third, disk 
very sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; carinae of hind angles long, 
close to the margin. Elytra subparallel to apical third, thence gradually 
narrowed to tips ; punctures of stria? feebly impressed. Length 8-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. March 21-July 3. Probably 

hibernates. Resembles depresses, but the thorax is shorter, and in 

that species the third joint of antennae is more nearly the length of 

fourth. 

1422 ( — — ). Melanotus prasinus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining, sparsely pu- 
bescent. Clypeus subconcave, coarsely punctate. Third joint of antennae 
twice as long as second, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax distinctly 
convex, slightly longer than wide, sides straight to apical third, thence 
feebly rounded to apex, disk everywhere very finely and remotely punctate. 
Elytra strongly tapering from base to apex ; striae rather coarsely punctate ; 
intervals finely and sparsely punctate. Length 8.5-9 mm. 

Vermillion and Posey counties; rare. June 15-July 3. Re- 
sembles depresses, but readily distinguished by the shorter, nearly 
truncate clypeus, narrower and more convex thorax and shorter 
third joint of antennas. 

1423 (4306). Melanotus macer Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 473. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Rather pale reddistcbrown, sparsely clothed 

with grayish hairs. Clypeus concave, coarsely and densely punctate. An- 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



753 



tennae reaching basal third of elytra in male, third joint one-halt' longer 
than second, the two together slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax a little 
longer than wide, sides nearly straight, disk rather sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Elytra very little or not at all narrowed from base to apex, striae 
feebly impressed, rather finely punctate ; intervals finely, sparsely and some- 
what roughly punctate. Length 10.7-12 mm. 

Lake County; rare. June 7- July 11. The slender, parallel 
form, strongly concave clypeus and straight sides of thorax easily 
distinguish this species. 

1424 (4327). Melanotus verberans Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 

478. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish or fuscous-brown, sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence; antennae and legs smoky reddish-brown. Third 
joint of antennae twice the length of second, one-third shorter than fourth. 
Thorax about as wide as long; sides nearly straight on basal two-thirds, 
thence distinctly rounded to apex; finely and sparsely punctured on disk, 
more densely and coarsely on sides; hind angles sometimes with a faint 
inner carina. Elytra feebly attenuate from base to apex, punctures of striae 
slightly impressed; intervals subconvex, finely and very sparsely punctu- 
late. Length 10-11.5 mm. 

Orang'e and Knox counties; scarce. June 1-June 6. Resem- 
bles communis, but the punctures of thorax much finer on disk and 
without trace of median impressed line. 

1425 (4314). Melanotus angustatus Erichs., Germ. Zeitschr., Ill, 113. 
Elongate, slender. Pale reddish-brow, sparsely pubescent with pale 

yellowish hairs. Clypeus feebly convex, coarsely and closely punctate, its 
front obtusely rounded. Third joint of antennae double the length of sec- 
ond, one-third shorter than fourth. Thorax a little wider than long, sides 
straight from hind angles to middle, thence strongly rounded to apex ; disk 
rather sparsely and finely punctate, more closely on sides, the carina? of 
hind angles close to" and parallel with margins. Elytra finely striate-punc- 
tate; intervals very minutely punctate. Length 9 mm. 

Steuben and Fulton counties ; rare. May 6-June 16. A mem- 
ber of the Alleghanian fauna. 

1426 (4338). Melanotus gradatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866, 

390. 

Elongate, rather robust. Reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with short 
pubescence. Third joint of antennae twice as long as second, but little 
shorter than fourth. Thorax convex, distinctly longer than wide, sides 
rounded in front of middle ; punctures tine and very dense on basal half, 
gradually becoming sparse and coarse near front margin ; disk feebly chan- 
neled behind the middle. Elytra 1 striae with rather distant moderately im- 
pressed punctures. Length 13-14 mm. 

Vermillion, Lawrence, Clark and Spencer counties ; scarce. May 
24-June 21. Beaten from foliage of elm. Known elsewhere only 



754 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERTDiE. 



from Ohio and Maryland. Easily recognized "by the peculiar sculp- 
ture of thorax. 

1427 ( ). Melanotus divarcarinus sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Dull reddish or fuscous-brown, sparsely pubescent. 
Clypeus feebly concave, coarsely and densely punctate. Antennae of male 
reaching middle third of elytra, third joint more than twice as long as. sec- 
ond, nearly equal in length to fourth ; of female, reaching base of thorax, 
third joint slightly longer than fourth. Thorax as wide at base as long, 
sides feebly curved and distinctly converging to apex, disk coarsely, evenly 
and rather closely punctate and with a distinct median impression on basal 
half; hind angles feebly inflexed rather than divergent at tips. Elytra 
gradually tapering from base to apex, the striae with rather coarse, well 
impressed, close-set punctures; intervals very sparsely and finely punctate. 
Length 12-14.5 mm. 

Vermillion, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. April 23— 
July 6. Resembles communis in general appearance, but darker, 
and with a single strongly diverging carina on each hind angle. 

142S (4325). Melanotus parampunctatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., II, 1844. 151. 

Elongate, rather slender. Chestnut brown, sparsely pubescent ; antenna? 
and legs reddish-brown. Clypeus subconvex, coarsely and densely punc- 
tate. Antennae slightly longer than thorax, third joint twice the length of 
second, nearly as long as fourth. Thorax subquadrate, distinctly narrowed 
toward apex, sides nearly straight from base to middle, feebly curved to 
apex; disk punctured as mentioned in key and with a faint median im- 
pressed line on basal two-thirds. Elytra gradually tapering from base to 
apex, the striae with feebly impressed punctures ; intervals very sparsely, 
minutely and roughly punctate. Length 10.5-11.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 2-July 4. 

1429 ( — — ). Melanotus lixus sp. nov. 

Elongate, robust. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Clypeus 
broadly rounded, coarsely punctured. Third joint of antennae twice or more 
longer than second, as long as fourth. Thorax convex, distinctly longer 
than wide; sides sinuate near base of hind angles, thence nearly straight 
to apical fourth, where they are feebly rounded into apex; disk sparsely 
and rather finely punctate at middle, densely and coarsely on sides. Ely- 
tra feebly tapering from the base, striae rather coarsely and closely punc- 
tate ; intervals very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 15 mm. 

Posey County; rare. July 6. 

1430 ( ). Melanotus debilis sp. nov. 

Elongate, robust. Dark smoky or fuscous brown, sparsely pubescent; 
antennae and legs paler. Clypeus less broadly rounded, coarsely punctate. 
Third joint of antennae three-fourths longer than second, slightly shorter 
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than broad, sides feebly rounded; disk 
finely and sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and somewhat more 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



755 



coarsely on sides and with a vague median impression on basal half; hind 
angles slightly divergent. Elytra as in lixus. Length 13.5 mm. 

Marshall County ; rare. June 26. 

1431 (4313). Melanotus depressus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 151. 

Elongate, slender. Fuscous or dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent ; 
antennas and legs paler. Third joint of antennas more than twice as long 
as second, subequal to fourth. Thorax as long as wide, sides straight al- 
most to apex, then feebly rounded; median line obvious from base to mid- 
dle; carinas of hind angles long, parallel and close to margin. Elytra dis- 
tinctly narrowed from base to apex ; the strias feebly impressed, finely punc- 
tate. Abdomen coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; much more so in the northern 

counties. April 17- July 6. Beaten from vegetation. Close to 

both trapezoidens and pertinax. From the former it may be known 

by the longer thorax and the more nearly equal third and fourth 

joints of antennae; from pertinax by the paler color, less rounded 

sides, and finer punctures of thorax. 

1432 (4333). Melanotus pertinax Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc, YI, 1836, 

185; ibid. II, 623. 

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, sparsely clothed with very fine 
pubescence; antennae and legs much paler. Third joint of antennas twice 
as long as second, slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax slightly wider at 
middle than long, thence strongly rounded to apex ; disk rather coarsely 
and very sparsely punctured, a faint median impression on basal half. Ely- 
tra gradually attenuate from near middle to apex ; strias with feebly im- 
pressed punctures ; intervals sparsely punctulate, transversely wrinkled. 
Length 10-10.5 mm. 

Starke and Marshall counties; scarce. May 9- June 26. 

1433 (4335). Melanotus tenax Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

185 ; ibid. II, 623. 

Elongate, slender. Blackish-piceous ; legs and antennas paler. Third 
joint of antennas one-half longer than second, a little shorter than fourth. 
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides almost straight to apical fourth, 
thence rounded to apex ; disk rather finely and evenly, not closely punctate, 
with a vague median impression on basal third. Elytra feebly narrowed 
from the base; punctures of strias rather fine, feebly impressed. Length 
7.5-8.5 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. May 16-July 8. Easily known by the 
distinct and numerous punctures of elytral intervals. 

XXXIV. Limonius Esch. 1829. (Or., "found in meadows.") 

Small or medium-sized rather slender click beetles, usually dull 
sooty-brown in color and having the front margined, the mouth 
anterior; first joint of tarsi scarcely longer than second; tarsal 
claws simple. In some of the species the margin of the clypeus is 



756 FAMILY XXXVII. ELATER1D2E. 

almost obsolete at the middle. No synopsis of the 30 or more spe- 
cies listed from the United States has been published. They begin 
to reach maturity in May and are most common from then until 
about August 1, when they mostly disappear. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIMONIUS. 

a. Clypeus strongly and deeply emarginate in front ; head and thorax 
rather densely covered with golden yellow hairs. 1434. aukipilis. 
aa. Clypeus not, or broadly and shallowly, emarginate in front. 

&. Legs and antenna? black ; thorax brilliant metallic purple, very 
sparsely pubescent. 1435. aurifer. 

bl). Legs and antennae reddish-brown or piceous ; thorax more or less 
densely pubescent, not metallic, 
c. Hind angles of thorax distinctly produced and rather strongly 
carinate. 

d. Color dull sooty brown ; length 9 or more mm. 

e. Front of clypeus broadly emarginate, indistinctly margined in 
the middle. 

f. Form slender ; antenna? distinctly paler than the body, the 

third joint notably longer than the second ; thorax longer 
than broad, its hind angles straight and median impressed 
line indistinct ; smaller, 10-14 mm. 1436. griseus. 

ff . Form broader ; antenme fuscous or sooty brown, the third 
joint scarcely longer than second; thorax as broad as long, 
hind , angles slightly but evidently divergent, median im- 
pressed line distinct ; larger, 12.5-17.5 mm. 

1437. INTERSTITIALIS. 

ee. Front of clypeus broadly rounded or truncate, not emarginate, 
distinctly margined. 

g. Clypeus rounded in front ; antennae entirely black ; thorax 

with a median impressed line. 1438. confusus. 

00- Clypeus truncate in front ; antenna) with basal joints red- 
dish ; thorax without median impressed line. 

1439. PLEBEJUS. 

dd. Color black ; length not over 7.5 mm. 

h. Second and third joints of antennae together longer than fourth ; 
hind angles of thorax not paler. 1440. quercinus. 

hh. Second and third joints of antennae small, rounded, together 
distinctly shorter than fourth ; hind angles of thorax pale 
reddish-yellow. 1441. basillaris. 

cc. Hind angles of thorax short, scarcely produced, feebly and indis- 
tinctly carinate. 

i. Elytra uniform sooty brown or piceous ; length 9-11 mm. 

AGONUS. 

ii. Elytra bicolored, piceous and dull reddish-brown ; length 5- 

6.T5 mm. 1442. ornatipennis. 

1434 (4348). Limonius auripilts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 172 ; ibid. II, 112, 602. 
Elongate-oblong. Piceous black ; head and thorax densely, elytra sparse- 
ly, clothed with yellow hairs; basal joint of antenna?, legs, narrow basal 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



757 



margin of elytra and epipleura. reddish-yellow. Third joint of antenna 1 
as long as fourth and more than twice as long as second. 'Thorax slightly 
longer than broad, sides rounded; disk strongly convex, densely and rather 
coarsely punctured; hind angles very short, feebly carinate. ' Elytra with 
punctured striae; intervals flat, densely and coarsely punctulate. Length 

9- 10.5 mm. 

Steuben. Kosciusko and Starke counties; scarce. June 1-July 
5. A handsome and easily recognized species. 

1435 (4353). Limonius aubifee Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X. 1853. 429. 
Elongate-oblong, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with grayish hairs; 

head and thorax shining metallic purple. Second and third joints of an- 
tennae small, rounded, equal, together slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax 
slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded ; disk strongly convex, rather 
sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytral intervals with punctures almost 
as large as those of the stria?. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Marion. Jackson and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 20-July 
20. Beaten from vegetation. 

1436 (4355). Limonius geiseus Beauv.. Ins. Air. et Amer.. 1805, 214. 
Elongate, rather slender. Dull grayish or sooty brown, head and tho- 
rax densely, elytra more sparsely, clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence : 
legs and basal joints of antennae brownish-red : epipleura. inflexed portion 
of thorax and narrow apical and side margins of thorax and side margins 
of elytra, often dusky reddish. Third joint of antenna? nearly one-third 
longer than second, the two together longer but narrower than fourth. Tho- 
rax slightly longer than wide, distinctly narrower at apex than base, sides 
feebly rounded : disk strongly convex, densely and rather coarsely punc- 
tured. Elytral stria? feebly impressed with rather large punctures ; inter- 
vals flat, each with three irregular rows of smaller distinct punctures. Length 

10- 14 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. May 12— July 12. Taken by 
sweeping grass and beating vegetation. 

1437 (4356). Limonius ixteestitialis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., 

II. 1S45. 215. 

Elongate, robust, subdepressed. Dull sooty brown, sparsely clothed 
with yellowish hairs, more densely on head. Third joint of antenna? scarce- 
ly one-fourth longer than second, slightly shorter than fourth. Thorax as 
wide as long, sides nearly straight on basal half, feebly rounded in front 
of middle; disk rather densely and coarsely punctate, a median impressed 
line on basal two-thirds : hind angles acute, strongly carinate. Elytral stria? 
with fine punctures ; intervals subconvex, distinctly and rather coarsely 
punctate. Length 13.5-17.5 mm. 

Southern half of the State, frequent ; much less so in the north- 
ern counties. May 16-September 18. Occurs on vegetation and 
beneath cover. Our largest species of the genus. 



758 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIDzE. 



143S (4357). Limonius confusus Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1S53, 
430. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull sooty brown or piceous, slightly bronzed, 
sparsely pubescent ; antennas entirely piceous ; legs and margin of epipleura 
reddish-yellow. Second and third joints of antennas short, subequal, to- 
gether about as long as fourth. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides 
feebly rounded ; disk > convex, densely and rather finely punctured, an im- 
pressed median line on basal half ; hind, angles short, feebly carinate. Ely- 
tral striae feebly impressed with close-set punctures ; intervals flat, densely 
punctulate. Length 9-9.5 mm. 

Marion, Lawrence, Monroe and Posey connties; scarce. April 
1 2-September 20. Occurs beneath bark of oak and other trees. 

1439 (4358). Limonius plebejus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1S25, 263; 

ibid. I, 396. 

Resembles the preceding, but the clypeus is truncate in front; three 
basal joints of antennae dull red, the second and third together longer than 
fourth; thorax without a median impressed line and with the sides (es- 
pecially in the female) more broadly rounded. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

Posey County; scarce. April 18-May 21. 

1440 (4363). Limonius quekcinus Say, loc cit. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with grayish pubes- 
cence ; antennae piceous, three basal joints reddish ; legs reddish-yellow. 
Clypeus broadly emarginate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, strongly 
convex, sides feebly rounded ; disk finely and rather densely punctate ; hind 
angles short, subacute, feebly carinate. Elytral striae finely' impressed, 
deeply punctate ; intervals finely and sparsely punctulate. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 16-August 11. Occurs 
most frequently on the leaves of oak and hazelnut. 

1441 (4366). Limonius basillaris Say, Journ. Phil. Acad^ Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1S23, 172; ibid. II, 111. 

Closely resembles quercinus but usually a little smaller, with the hind 
angles of thorax more obtuse and always reddish-yellow. Antennae with 
joints one and two often reddish-brown. Lobe of prosternum and legs red- 
dish-yellow. Length 4.2-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 19-October 12. Beaten 
from vegetation. 

L. agonus Say and L. maculieollis Mots, have both been recorded 
from near Cincinnati. I have seen no specimen or description of 
the latter, and hence have not included it in the key. 

1442 (4376). Limonius ornatipennis Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1, 1S63, 84. 
Elongate-oblong, slender. Black or piceous, finely pubescent with yel- 
lowish hairs ; elytra each with an oblong, oblique spot reaching from hu- 
merus to middle, a common crossbar behind the middle and a narrow space 
on tips, dull reddish-yellow r ; hind angles of thorax, legs and basal joints of 
antennae also reddish-yellow. Clypeus truncate ; second and third joints of 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



759 



antennae short, nearly equal, together a little longer than fourth. Thorax 
slightly longer than wide, convex, narrowed on basal third ; hind angles 
short, obtuse, not earinate; surface finely and rather densely punctate. Ely- 
tra striate, the stria? punctate. Length 5.5 mm. 

Lawrence Comity ; rare. June 5. Beaten from sassafras. De- 
scribed from Pennsylvania. 

Campylus denticornis Kirby. black with paler margins, elytra 
bronzed-pie eons, length 11 ram, is recorded from Pennsylvania and 
Ohio. 

Pityobvus angmnus Lee. long, parallel, blackish-pieeous, thorax 
with a deep median groove, length 20-25 mm., occurs on pine in the 
Southern States and New Hampshire. 

XXXV. Athous Esch. 1829. (Gr.. "slow.") 

Differs from Limonius in having the first tarsal joint much 
longer than second. In all of our species but one. the second and 
third tarsal joints are slightly lobed beneath and the thorax is dis- 
tinctly longer than broad. Four species have been taken in Indi- 
ana, while two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATHOUS. 

it. Second and third tarsal joints lobed beneath. 

I). Hind angles of thorax not earinate. the apex rounded. 

c. Pale chestnut brown : size larger. 11-14 mm. 1443. brightwelli. 
cc. Dark sooty brown or piceous : thorax sometimes pale with darker 

median stripe : smaller, not over 10 mm. 1444. acanthus. 

bb. Hind angles of thorax distinctly earinate. 

d. Second joint of antenna? much smaller than third, the latter equal 

to fourth. 

e. Dull reddish- or sooty-brown. 1445. cucullatus. 

ec. Black, the bases of thorax and elytra narrowly yellow. 

1446. SCAPULARIS. 

dd. Second and third joints of antenna? small, equal: black, base of 
thorax reddish-brown. posticus. 
aa. Second and third tarsal joints not lobed beneath. eufifeons. 

1443 (4384). Athous brightwelli Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer.. 1S37. 146. 

Elongate, slender. Pale dull brown, sparsely pubescent with yellowish 
hairs. Third joint of antenna? more than twice the length of second, nearly 
equal to fourth. Thorax one-half longer than broad, narrower than elytra : 
sides straight, feebly rounded at middle, margin flattened at front angles : 
bind angles compressed, obtusely rounded, with margin slightly reflexed : 
disk densely, rather finely punctate, usually with a median transverse line 
on basal half. Elytral stria^ deeply and rather coarsely punctured: inter- 
vals subconvex. finely punctate, transversely rugose. Length 11-1S mm. 

Throughout the State: scarce. May 12-July 5. Occurs on 
grass and foliage of oak. beech and hickory. A single specimen 



760 



FAMILY XXXVII. — ELATEKIDJL. 



from Kosciusko County is 4 mm. larger than any others in the col- 
lection, measuring 18 mm. in length. 

1444 (4385). Athous acanthus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

ITS ; ibid. II, 615. 

Differs from the preceding only ii) its smaller size and usually darker 
color and in having the thorax more convex and more finely punctured. 
Rarely the thorax is reddish-yellow, with a narrow discal black spot. Length 
7.5-10 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; Kosciusko County, scarce. 
May 20-June 24. 

1445 (4390). Athous cucullatus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 264; 

ibid. I, 397 ; II. 613. 

Elongate, slender. Dull reddish or sooty-brown, sparsely pubescent 
with short, suberect yellowish hairs. Clypeus obtusely rounded and with a 
large triangular impression. Thorax one-third longer than wide, sides 
straight, male ; broadly rounded on apical half, female ; disk convex, densely 
and rather finely punctured ; hind angles obtusely rounded and with a dis- 
tinct oblique carina. Elytral striae feebly impressed with somewhat distant 
punctures; intervals subconvex, finely and sparsely punctulate, transversely 
wrinkled. Length 10.5-11.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko, Putnam and Posey counties ; scarce. May 12- 
September 30. The species in hand is the one recognized by 
LeConte as Say 's cucullatus. In the original description Say states 
that the "second joint of antennae is not much shorter than third," 
whereas it is not more than one-third the length of third. It is 
possible that Say meant that the "third joint is not much shorter 
than fourth." Otherwise LeConte was wrong in his determination, 
as the comparative length of these antenna! joints seldom varies. 

1446 (4395). Athous scapularis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

178 ; ibid. II, 615. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Black, 
opaque, finely and sparsely pubescent; hind an- 
gles of thorax and a rather broad humeral 
lunule on each elytron reddish-yellow; legs pic- 
eous. Antenme longer than head and thorax, 
second joint one-third the length of third. Tho- 
rax longer than wide, sides feebly curved, disk 
densely and finely punctate ; hind angles short, 
obtuse, with a distinct but fine carina. Elytral 
intervals subconvex, densely and roughly trans- 
versely wrinkled. Length 9.5-10.5 mm. (Fig. 
288.) 

Kosciusko, Knox, Lawrence, Posey and 
rig. 288. x 4*. (Original.) Crawford counties ; scarce. May 28-July 
4. Beaten from vegetation, especially that of oak. 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



761 



A. posticus Melsh., length 12 mm., and A. rufifrons Rand., tho- 
rax reddish with black center, elytra brownish with paler sides, 
length 15 mm., have both been recorded from near Cincinnati. 

XXXVI. Leptoschema Horn. 1885. (Gr.. " slender + form. " ) 

Differs from Athoiis only in having the prosternal sutures 
double. The antenna? are as long as head and thorax : first joint of 
hind tarsi much longer than second, the joints not lobed beneath. 
Three species are listed from the United States, two of which have 
been taken in Indiana. 

1447 (4409). Leptoschema bicolob Lee. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X. 1S53. 
428. 

Elongate-oblong, broadest behind the middle. Above black or dark 
reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with short, suberect. grayish-yellow pubes- 
cence: beneath uniform pale reddish-brown. Clypeus of female obtusely 
rounded in front, impressed above. Antenna? with second and third joints 
each nearly as long as fourth : this and the following joints without promi- 
nent angles in either sex. Thorax one-third longer than wide, strongly 
convex, sides feebly rounded, disk finely, evenly and densely punctured; 
hind angles slightly diverging, strongly carinate. Elytra] striae fine, the 
punctures small, close-set : intervals flat, rather densely and roughly punc- 
tulate. Length 8.5-12 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. August 12. A single female taken 
from beneath the bark of a maple log. It is more robust, less shin- 
ing and more densely punctured beneath than the single male type 
in the Cambridge collection. 

144S (4410). Leptoschema discalceatem Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 
AT. 1836. 169: ibid. II. 604. 

Elongate, rather slender. Reddish or pale chestnut-brown, very sparse- 
ly clothed with fine yellowish pubescence: beneath pale, dull brownish-yel- 
low. Clypeus prominent, subtmncate. Second and third joints of antenna? 
shorter than in bwolor. the outer joints broader, with the angles better de- 
fined, thus causing them to appear more serrate. Thorax slightly longer 
than broad, sides broadly rounded on apical half: disk more sparsely, 
coarsely and unevenly punctured than in bicolorj hind angles slightly di- 
varicate, strongly and obliquely carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to 
apical fourth, thence converging to a broadly rounded apex; stria? finely 
punctate ; intervals subconvex. sparsely punctulate. Length 11.5-13 mm. 

Laporte and Fulton counties: rare. May 26- August 3. Taken 
from beneath bark of dead tamarack and pine. 

XXXYII. Bladus Lee. 1861. 

Front not margined behind the labium : tarsi not lobed beneath ; 
prosternum not lobed in front, the sutures straight and excavated 
hi front. But one species is known and was described from Indiana. 



762 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEEID.E. 



1449 (44H). Bladtjs quadkicollis Say. Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

ISC ; ibid II, 024. 

Elongate-oblong. PIceous-black, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. 
Second and third joints of antenna- equal, each nearly as long as fourth, 
the second more robust than third. Thorax transversely quadrate, sides 
nearly parallel; disk densely and coarsely punctured; hind angles nearly 
rectangular, not extending backward behind the line of base. Elytral striae 
punctate; intervals minutely punctured. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Described from Posey County. One specimen taken by Dury 
near Cincinnati. Not seen by me from the State. 

XXXVIII. Xothodes Lec. 1861. (Gr., ' ' false - appearance.") 

This genus is represented by a single species which resembles so 
closely Limonius griscus that it can with difficulty be separated. 
The elypeus is truncate, suddenly de flexed at tip and not margined 
at middle; presternum with a short lobe, the sutures feebly exca- 
vated in front. 

1450 (4418). Nothodes dubitaxs Lec, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X, 1S53. 

433. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dull sooty- 
brown or piceous. tinged with bronze ; rather dense- 
ly clothed, especially on head and thorax, with yel- 
lowish hairs : legs and antenme paler. Second and 
third joints of antennae subequal. together longer 
than fourth. Thorax nearly as broad as long, 
strongly convex, scarcely narrower in front than 
at base, sides feebly rounded; disk rather densely 
and finely punctate, with a feebly impressed me- 
dian line; hind angles short, subacute, but faintly 
carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical third, 
thence rounded to apex, striae with punctures; in- 
tervals nearly flat, densely punctulate. Length 11- 
Fig. 289. X 3|. (Original.) 12.5 mm. (Fig. 289.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 14-June 20. Taken by 
sweeping grass and low herbs: also especially on leaves of the 
greater ragweed. Ambrosia trifida L. One specimen was taken from 
the clutches of a large bumble-bee like fly, MallopJwra sp.f which 
had just captured it and settled down for a feast. 

XXXIX. Serious Esch. 1829. (Gr, " silken.") 

Slender, fusiform species having the front convex, not mar- 
gined; prosternal lobe long; hind coxal plates scarcely narrower cm 
outer end. Sericosomus Steph. is a synonym. 




THE ('LICK BEETLES. 



763 



1451 (4422). Sebicus siiaceus Say. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. I, 1825, 260; 

ibid, i; 395. 

Oblong, slender. Dull reddish-yellow to sooty-brown, rather densely 
clothed with yellow hairs: head and thorax often paler than elytra. Sec- 
mid and third joints of antennae subequal, together slightly longer than 
fourth. Thorax one-half longer than broad, scarcely narrowed in front: 
sides rounded on apical third; disk densely and finely punctate; hind an- 
gles long, distinctly diverging, not carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to 
apical third: the striae with rather large moderately impressed punctures: 
intervals subconvex, sparsely punctulate. transversely wrinkled. Length 
0.5-7.5 mm. 

Putnam. Knox and Posey counties: scarce. May 22— June 11. 

1452 (4424 i. Sebicus flavipexxis Mots.. Bull. Soc. Mosc, 1S43. 
Elongate, slender. Fuscous- or dusky-brown, sparsely clothed with 

yellowish hairs: legs and basal half of elytra dull yellow. Second and 
third joints of antennae short, equal, together one-third shorter than fourth. 
Thorax two-thirds longer than broad, sides nearly straight, disk finely and 
very densely punctate : hind angles long, feebly divergent, finely but dis- 
tinctly carinate. Elytra with sides attenuate behind the middle, stria 3 punc- 
tate : intervals rather densely and roughly punctulate. Eength 6.5-7 mm. 

Lawrence County : rare. May 23. 

XL. Cortmbites Lat. 1834. (Gr., "a brush or pencil. ") 

This genus comprises a large heterogeneous group, into which 
have been shifted species widely different in form, size and color. 
They all agree in having the clypeus more or less flattened and not 
margined in front: tarsal joints without lobes, the claws simple: 
prosternum with a long lobe ; hind coxal plates narrow on the outer 
end. The genus is badly in need of revision, and no literature ex- 
cept the widely scattered descriptions is available. About 80 spe- 
cies are known from the United States, of which the following have 
been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CORYXl BITES. 

a. Joints three and four of antenna? subequal. or joint three rarely slightly 
longer than four. 
&. Antenna? serrate: joints 4 to 10 more or less triangular. 

c. Third joint of antennae triangular, not much narrower than fourth : 
form not strongly robust. 
d. Color above not uniform brown or piceous. 
e. Elytra yellow, thorax black. 

/. Elytra with a common sutural spot and two spots on each. 

black. 1453. verxalis. 

ff. Elytra dull yellow, without spots. 1451. tarsaijs. 

ee. Elytra black or piceous. 



764 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKIM. 



1)1). 



g. Thorax red with a black stripe on disk. 

1455. SIGNATICOLLIS. 

gg. Thorax piceous with hind angles dull yellow; tips of elytra 
dull yellow. copei. 
dd. Color above uniform dull brown or pieeous. 

h. Form elongate, slender, subeylindrical ; elytra with sides par- 
allel to apical fourth, thence rounded to apex; length 11- 
12.5 mm. 1456. cylindeifoemis. 

hh. Form shorter, more robust; elytra distinctly attenuate behind 
the middle; length 9-10 mm. 1457. divaeicatus. 

cc. Third joint of antennae cylindrical, distinctly narrower than fourth ; 
form robust. 

L Color black, shining ; length 15-23 mm. 1458. ^ethiops. 

it. Color not black ; length 8-12 mm. 

j. Elytra dull yellow with two undulated darker bands; form 
subdepressed. 1459. hieeoglyphicus. 

jj. Uniform bronzed piceous; form much swollen. 

1460. IN FLATUS. 

Antenna? not distinctly serrate; joints 3 to 10 generally subeylin- 
drical. 

Jc. Form elongate, slender ; thorax distinctly longer than wide. 
/. Elytra uniform dull reddish-brown; length 15 or more mm. 

1461. PYEBHOS. 

II. Elytra with alternate narrow stripes of brown and dull yellow ; 
length S-10.5 mm. 1462. bivittatus. 

kJc. Form oblong, rather robust; thorax as wide as long; color dark 
chestnut brown. 1463. eotundicollis. 

Joint three of antenna? distinctly shorter and more narrow than joint 
four. 

m. Elongate, parallel ; uniform chestnut brown, shining. 

1464. SULCICOLLIS. 

mm. Oblong, dilated behind the middle. 

n. Elytra dull yellow, each with a single dusky hooked line on apical 

na lf- 1465. HAMATUS. 

nn. Elytra uniform cupreous or brownish-bronzed. splendens. 

1453 (4427). Coeymbites veenalis Hentz., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1827, 374. 

Elongate-oblong. Color given in key Antenna? 
strongly serrate, subpectinate in male, third joint 
as long as fourth, its outer angle not as much pro- 
duced. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides 
feebly curved, disk densely and finely punctate, a 
basal median impressed line; hind angles short, 
divergent, faintly carina te. Elytra strongly at- 
tenuate on apical third, stria? punctate; intervals 
flat, minutely punctulate. Length 8-10.5 mm. (Fig. 
290.) 

Posey County; frequent in spring on a 
perpendicular loess bank one-half mile south 
of New Harmony. April 22-April 26. Taken 



a a. 



n 




Fig. 290. X 4. (Original.) 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



765 



at the same place on three different years, only on sunny clays, when 
they flew to the face of the bank and often crawled into small open- 
ings. They evidently pupate in burrows in such banks and in the 
earth clinging to the roots of uprooted trees. 

1454 (4450). Corymbites tars a lis Melsli., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, p. 157. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, sparsely and finely pubescent ; elytra, 
except the very narrow sntural and side margins, dull yellow ; legs reddish- 
brown. Antenna? half the length of body, second joint very small, obconic, 
third as wide as and slightly longer than fourth. Thorax one-half longer 
than wide; sides nearly straight, feebly curved on apical third; disk mod- 
erately convex, rather densely and finely punctured; hind angles obtuse, 
slightly excurved and divergent, not carinate. Elytra with sides nearly 
parallel to apical third, thence converging to the acute tips ; striae feebly 
impressed, punctate ; intervals subconvex, densely punctulate. Length 10.5- 
11 mm. 

Starke and Posey counties; scarce. May 19-June 11. Beaten 
from blossoms of cherry trees. 

1455 (4448). Corymbites signaticollis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1845, 216. 

Oblong, rather slender. Black, shining ; labrum and thorax red, the 
latter with a broad median black stripe. Antennae strongly serrate, with 
second joint small, obconic ; third as long and nearly as wide as fourth. 
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded ; disk sparsely and 
rather coarsely punctate ; hind angles moderately divergent, with a distinct 
oblique carina. Elytral striae with deep, coarse punctures ; intervals sub- 
convex, sparsely and roughly punctulate. Length 7.5-9.5 mm. 

Orange and Crawford counties; May 26-June 12. Twenty or 
more specimens were taken from stems of wheat in an upland field 
near Wyandotte Cave, and a few beneath logs and stones along the 
margin of the same field. 

C. copei Horn, length 12 mm., was described from Virginia and 
has been taken near Cincinnati. 

1456 (4434). Corymbites cylindriformis Herbst., Kafer, X, 1806, 93. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull sooty-brown or piceous, faintly 

bronzed, sparsely pubescent ; legs, epipleura and often the very narrow mar- 
gins of thorax and elytra and suture of latter dusky reddish. Third joint 
of antennae three times as long as second. Thorax one-half longer than 
broad, male, one-fourth, female ; sides nearly straight, disk densely and 
finely punctured, with a median basal impression ; hind angles rather strong- 
ly diverging, indistinctly carinate. Elytral striae finely punctate ; intervals 
flat, rather coarsely and densely punctulate. Length 11.5-16 mm. 

Porter, Marion, Lawrence and Vigo counties; frequent. March 
22-May 6. Occurs on vegetation, usually close to the ground. The 
females are scarce and much larger than males, with shorter anten- 
na 3 and thorax. 



766 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEEIDJE. 



1457 (4437). Corymbites divaricates Lee. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc. X. 

1S53, 446. 

Oblong, robust. Dull sooty-brown or piceous. sparsely and finely pubes- 
cent. Third joint of antenna? slightly longer than fourth, much longer than 
second. Thorax of male subquadrate. feebly convex, sides nearly straight, 
disk coarsely and densely punctate, hind angles strongly diverging; that 
of female wider than long, strongly convex, sides broadly rounded, a deep 
impression each side along front margin. Elytra! stria? feebly impressed 
with rather coarse punctures: intervals of male flat, densely and roughly 
punctulate; of female subconvex. finely and sparselv punctulate. Length 
9-12 mm. 

Crawford County: scarce. June 25-Jrme 28. Beaten from 
foliage of oak. The so-called female is very different in appear- 
ance from the male. In addition to the distinctions above given, 
the body is much more robust, dark shining chestnut-brown in color 
and much less pubescent. It was described as C. crassus Lec. and 
may yet prove to be a distinct species. The mere fact that two 
beetles widely different in appearance are sometimes found in com- 
pany, or even rarely in coitu. does not furnish absolute proof of 
their identity. 

1458 (446S). Corymbites ^ethiops Herbst., Kafer. X. 1S06. 70. 
Elongate, broad, subdepressed. Black, shining, finely and very sparsely 

pubescent ; legs and .antenme piceous or dark reddish-brown. Third joint of 
antenna? twice the length of second, slightly shorter and much narrower 
than fourth. Thorax a little longer than broad, narrowed in front, sides 
feebly rounded; disk finely and sparsely punctate on middle, more densely 
on sides, with a faint median impressed line; hind angles slightly diverging, 
distinctly cariuate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical third, thence strongly 
converging to apex ; stria? finely and closely punctate ; intervals subconvex. 
sparsely and rather coarsely and roughly punctulate. Length 15-23 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent: more so in the southern coun- 
ties. May 10-June 26. Occurs usually beneath stones and rubbish 
on high, dry hills; also on Virginia creeper. Parthenocissus quinquc- 
folia Michx. Our largest species of the genus. 

1459 (4482). Corymbites hieroglyph rcrs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 

VI. 1S3G. 172 : ibid. IT. 607. 
Oblong, robust. Head and thorax piceous. bronzed, densely clothed 
with very fine, silky grayish-yellow pubescence; elytra dull yellow, with an 
oblique undulated blackish band from the humerus, connected by a narrow 
sutural stripe with another similar but broader band behind the middle, 
the latter with a sutural spur nearly to apex : antenna? and legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax as in 7/ a mat us. the carina? of hind angles indistinct. Ely- 
tra with punctures of the stria? smaller than in ha mat us. otherwise similar, 
Length 11-12.5 mm. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



767 



Northern third of State; scarce. June 7-Junc 27. Beaten 
from foliage of shrubs and trees about the margins of lakes and 
marshes. 

1460 (4496). Cobymbites inflates Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat, Hist., I, 1825, 258; 

ibid. I, 392 ; II, 609. 
Oblong, very robust or swollen. Black, bronzed, rather densely clothed 
with short, prostrate grayish and yellow hairs; antennae and legs dull red- 
dish-brown. Third joint of antennae more than twice the length of second, 
slightly longer but more slender than fourth. Thorax convex, as broad as 
long, sides rounded; disk densely and rather finely punctured, with an im- 
pressed line on basal half; hind angles short, feebly divergent, distinctly 
carinate. Elytral stria; faintly impressed with tine punctures ; intervals 
subconvex, male, flat, female, rather densely and very minutely punctulate. 
Length S.5-11 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; frequent. April 23- June 19. 
Taken by sweeping grass or beating foliage ; usually in low. open 
woods. 

1461 (4443). Cobymbites pyebhos Hbst, Kafer, X, 1806, 30. 

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish brown, finely and rather sparsely pu- 
bescent with yellowish hairs. Third joint of antennae equal to fourth and 
nearly three times as long as second. Thorax narrower than elytra, two- 
thirds longer than wide, subconvex, sides nearly straight ; disk rather dense- 
ly and coarsely punctate ; hind angles moderately diverging, finely carinate. 
Elytra with sides parallel to apical third, thence converging to apex ; stria? 
finely punctate ; intervals nearly flat, finely and rather sparsely punctulate. 
Length 15-19 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Steuben counties; scarce. June 7-July 12. 

1462 (4444). Cobymbites bivtttattjs Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II, 

1845, 219. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous black or dark sooty brown, sparsely pubes- 
cent with yellowish hairs ; legs, hind angles of thorax, and intervals 1 to 3 
and 5 to 7 of elytra, dull yellow. Antennae as in pyrrlios. Thorax narrower 
than elytra, one-half longer than wide, sides nearly straight; disk densely 
granulate-punctate ; hind angles elongate, moderately divergent, indistinctly 
carinate. Elytra with sides parallel to apical fourth ; striae punctate ; inter- 
vals flat, roughly punctulate. Length 8-10.5 mm. 

Jefferson and Posey counties; scarce. June 4- June 15. The 
dull yellow on upper surface varies in extent. Sometimes the entire 
elytra except a narrow sutural line and side margin are of this hue 
and it often forms a narrow median line on thorax. 

*1463 (4498). Cobymbites botundicollis Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. 1. 1825. 
259 ; ibid. I, 394. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark chestnut-brown, shining, not pu- 
bescent ; thorax often reddish-brown. Third joint of antenna? slightly shorter 
[49—23402] 



768 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERILVE. 



than fourth. Thorax rounded, subquadrate, strongly convex, sides rounded • 
disk sparsely and finely punctate ; hind angles short, acute, divergent, strong- 
ly carmate. Elytra parallel, male, or slightly dilated behind the middle 
female; stride deeply impressed without punctures; intervals convex, sparse- 
ly and very finely punctulate. Length 9.5-10.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. September 29-Deeember 12. Hibernates 
beneath logs on sandy hillsides. Occurs on foliage of Virginia 
creeper, Parthenocissus guinguefoUa Michx. 

1464 (4466). Coeymbites sulcicollis Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825 
256 ; ibid. I, 391 ; II, 602. 
Elongate, rather slender. Uniform chestnut-brown, shining, not pubes- 
cent. Third joint of antenna- twice as long as second, nearly one-third 
shorter and slightly narrower than fourth. Thorax one-third longer than 
wide, widest at the front angles, slightly convex; disk finely and rather 
densely punctate, with an entire and deeply impressed median line ; hind 
angles acute, slightly divergent, distinctly carinate. Elytra with sides par- 
allel to apical third, thence rounded to apex, stria* punctured; intervals sub- 
convex, finely and densely punctulate. Length 14-16 mm. 

Whitley, Marion and Lawrence counties ; frequent. March 14- 
August 7. On the earlier date a half dozen or more were taken 
from beneath the loose bark of an ash snag, so that the species prob- 
ably hibernates as imago. 

1465 (4479). Corymbites hamatus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 
170; ibid. II, 605. 

Oblong, robust, dilated at middle. Head, thorax and under parts dark 
reddish-brown to piceous ; thorax densely clothed with yellow hair ; elytra 
dull yellow, with a brownish stripe on outer side from tip to near middle, 
where it curves inward and backward. Second and third joints of antenna 
small, subequal, together scarcely as long as fourth. Thorax convex, scarcely 
longer than wide, sides broadly rounded; disk finely and densely punctured, 
with a faintly impressed median line on basal half, hind angles feebly di- 
vergent, distinctly carinate. Elytral strife deeply impressed with rather 
coarse punctures; intervals subconvex, densely punctulate. Length 9.5- 
11 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 1. Taken by Dury near Cincinnati 
from foliage of honey locust. 

C. splendens Zieg., hind angles of thorax and epipleura reddish, 
length 10-13 mm., has been recorded from New England, Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio. 

XLI. Oxygonus Lee, 1863. (Gr., "sharp + angle. ") 

Differs from CorymbUos only in having the tarsal claws armed 
with a broad tooth near the base. Of the two species known, one oc- 
curs in Indiana. 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



769 



1466 (4499). Oxygonus obesus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,, III, 1823, 
168; ibid. II, 109, 603. 

Oblong, rather robust. Antennae, head and thorax pic-eons, bronzed; 
densely clothed with fine yellowish hairs ; elytra and under parts dull red- 
dish-brown, more sparsely pubescent; legs and two basal joints of antenna? 
paler. Third joint of antennae twice as long as second, shorter than fourth. 
Thorax as wide at base as long, narrower in front ; sides feebly rounded ; 
disk finely and densely punctate ; hind angles divergent, not carinate. Ely- 
tra slightly widest behind the middle, then strongly attenuate to acute tips ; 
striae with indistinct punctures ; intervals subconvex, minutely punctulate. 
Length 10 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 5. 

XLII. Asaphes Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "obscure.") 

Differs from CorymUtes only in the structure of the tarsi which 
have the first joint as long as the next two together ; the second and 
third joints each dilated beneath into a short spongy lobe; fourth 
joint small and narrow, received upon the third; fifth joint elongate 
with simple claws. The known North American species are treated 
in the following paper : 

Horn. — "Notes on the Species of Asaphes of Boreal America," 
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 69-75. 

Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others prob- 
ably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ASAPHES. 

a. Hind angles of thorax carinate, basal margin with short, more or less 
distinct fissures. 
b. Hind angles not divergent ; prosternal spine curved. 
c. Third joint of antennae shorter than fourth. 

d. Thorax very sparsely and indistinctly punctured. indistinctus. 
dd. Thorax rather finely but distinctly punctured. 

1467. BEEVICOLLIS. 

cc. Third joint of antennas equal to fourth. 1468. memnonius. 

bt>. Hind angles of thorax divergent; prosternal spine horizontal. (Fig. 

291* ) DECOLORATUS. 

aa. Hind angles of thorax not carinate ; basal margin without fissures. 

1469. BILOBATUS. 

A. indistinctus Lee, piceons, length 11 mm., is a southern species 
recorded from Cincinnati. 

1467 ( ). Asaphes beevicollis Cand., Mon. Elat, IV, 212. 

Elongate, rather robust. Piceous-black or dark reddish-brown, shining, 
sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence ; antenna- paler, third joint two- 
thirds the length of fourth. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly curved. 



770 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATERIDJE. 



male; subquadrate, more convex, sides more distinctly curved, female; disk 
rather finely punctured, more densely and coarsely on sides; median im- 
pressed line distinct on basal half. Elytral striae finely punctured ; intervals 
subconvex, rather sparsely punctulate. Length 11-14 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. July 1-July 11. Horn placed this as a 

depauperate form of memnonhis, but the latter always has the third 

and fourth joints of antennas equal. Blan chard, who has given 

much study to the Elateridse, considers the two distinct. 

*1468 (4510). Asaphes memnonius Hbst. Kafer, X, 1806, 29. 

Elongate, robust. Piceous to pale brown, sparsely pubescent ; legs paler. 
Thorax as long as broad, sides nearly straight, less convex, male; broader 
than long, strongly convex, sides moderately curved, female; disk densely 
and coarsely punctate ; hind angles with carina parallel with the margin. 
Elytral stria? moderately deeply impressed with coarse shallow punctures; 
intervals subconvex, rather densely punctulate. Length 15-22 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent; less 
so in the southern counties. June 8-De- 
cember 27. Occurs beneath stones and 
rubbish in dry localities. Taken in win- 
ter from beneath the bark of red oak 
logs. 

A. decolor a his Say, piceous, black, 
often feebly bronzed, legs paler, length 
9-15 mm., is said to occur in the "At- 
lantic region as far west as Missouri." 
(Fig. 291.) 

1469 (4511). Asaphus bilobatus Say, Trans. 

Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 

Fig. 291. X 4- Asaphes decoloratus Say. ' 

(After Forbes.) Elongate, rather slender. Dark chestnut 

to paler brown, shining ; finely and very sparsely pubescent ; antennae and 
legs paler. Thorax of male longer than wide, sides straight, convergent in 
front; of female, nearly square, sides more or less curved, rarely slightly 
sinuate behind the middle; disk in both sexes moderately convex, finely 
and rather sparsely punctate; hind angles obtuse, not carinate. Elytra 
striate, the striae coarsely punctured ; those nearest the suture much less 
deep in female; intervals subconvex, each with two rows of fine punctures. 
Length 13-16 mm. 

Laporte and Posey counties ; rare. Jnne 25-August 20. 

XLIII. Melanactes Lee, 1853. (Gr.. " black + shining.") 

Large, smooth, shining black beetles, distinguished from allied 
genera by having the sides of the mesosternal cavity raised and 
swollen so as to be "protuberant, and the tarsal joints furnished be- 




THE CLICK BEETLES. 



771 



neath with a dense brush of hairs. The antenna? are serrate with 
third joint usually a little longer than fourth and the hind angles 
of thorax are prominent and strongly carinate. Four of the seven 
species known from the United States have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MEIANACTES. 

a. Striae on disk of elytra not at all impressed, their punctures very fine 
and separated one from another by more than their own diameters : 
intervals flat, very minutely and indistinctly punctulate. 

1470. piceus. 

aa. Stria? of elytra more or less impressed, the punctures more distinct and 
not separated by more than their own diameters ; intervals distinctly 
punctulate. 

fc. Elytral stria? deeply impressed, coarsely punctate ; intervals strongly 
convex. 1471. mobio. 

Elytral stria? feebly impressed, finely punctured: intervals nearly 
flat. 

c. Thorax rather sparsely and finely punctured. 



1472. prxcncoms. 



cc. Thorax very densely and coarsely punctured. 
1470 (4514). Melanactes picetjs DeGeer. Ins.. IV. l" 

Elongate, subdepressed. 
Black, strongly shining ; 
antenna? and tarsi piceous. 
Thorax a little longer than 
broad, slightly narrowed in 
front and at base of hind 
angles ; sides feebly curved, 
strongly margined: disk 
finely, sparsely and sb al- 
low ly punctate, more dense- 
ly at sides. Elytra with 
sides parallel to middle, 
tbence feebly narrowed 
into a rounded apex. 
Length 23-32 mm. 

Throughout the 
State ; scarce in the 
northern counties ; fre- 
quent in the southern 
part. May lg-July 23. 
Occurs beneath stones 
and rubbish in dry lo- 
calities. (Fig. 292.) 
The supposed larva . 
when full grown, is 



1473. 
102. 



C 0>~SOB5. 




Fig. 292. Melanadts pictus DeGL- 
as seen by night; c, beetle; d. enlarged head and port 
larged leg of same. (After Riley.) 



772 



FAMILY XXXVII. ELATEKIDJE. 



about three inches in length, subdepressed, and has a row of pale 
yellow spots along middle of back and another each side. In the 
dark these glow very brilliantly with a greenish-yellow phosphores- 
cent light. Henshaw claims that this is not the larva of M. piceus. 
but that of a species of PJiengodes. 

1471 (4516). Melanactes morio Fab., Ent. Syst, Emend. Suppl., 1798, 138. 

Resembles piceus in form and structure; differs mainly by characters 
given in key. The thorax is proportionally shorter, being as broad as long 
and is somewhat more coarsely punctured. Length 22-26 mm. 

Vigo and Parke counties ; rare. June 12- -June 17. 

1472 (4517). Melanactes puncticollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VI, 1852, 68. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining. Thorax longer than wide, 
somewhat narrowed in front, slightly rounded on sides, which are less 
strongly margined than in the two preceding species ; disk rather finely and 
sparsely punctured, more densely on the sides ; hind angles slightly di- 
vergent. Elytral intervals subconvex, finely and rather densely pmietu- 
late. Length 18-21 mm. 

Marion, Vigo and Knox counties ; scarce. May 23-June 25. Oc- 
curs beneath rubbish. 

1473 (4518). Melanactes consors Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1853, 

495. 

Elongate, robust. Black, not very shining. Thorax not longer than 
wide, as wide at middle as at hind angles, more convex than in any of the 
preceding species ; sides broadly rounded, strongly margined ; disk densely 
and coarsely punctured, median dorsal line not distinct, somewhat smooth. 
Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, more obtusely rounded at apex than 
in any except piceus; strife distinctly punctured; intervals slightly convex, 
finely punctulate, transversely wrinkled. Length 23 mm. 

Vigo County ; rare. June 19. A single specimen taken from a 
blackberry bush. Described from Nebraska. 

Subfamily III. PEROTHOPINAE. 

In this subfamily the antenna? are well separated at base and 
arise from small pits beneath well-marked frontal ridges, at a dis- 
tance in front of the eyes ; the mouth is inferior ; labrum transverse, 
curved in front, closely united with the clypeus ; presternum slightly 
lobed in front, the spine very short ; front coxa? small, globular, 
without trochantin ; middle coxa? oval with a small trochantin ; hind 
coxa? transverse, the plates broadly dilated on the inner side ; tarsal 
claws with comb-like teeth. The subfamily is represented by the 
single genus : 



THE CLICK BEETLES. 



778 



XLIV. Perothops Erich's, 1842. (Or., " to pierce + face.") 

To this genus belong two medium-sized, oblong, robust species 
having the first joint of antenna? elongate, conical, second one-third 
as long, third twice the length of second and one-half longer than 
fourth. One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

1474 (4538). Perothops mucida Gyll., Schon. Syn. Ins., 1827, 133. 

Oblong, parallel. Piceous, male; reddish-brown, female; feebly shin- 
ing; sparsely clothed with very fine grayish pubescence. Thorax short, 
wider than long, narrower in front, sides feebly curved, male, more strongly, 
female, slightly sinuate in front of hind angles, which are short, subacute, 
feebly diverging, not carinate; disk very finely punctate, with sparse and 
coarser punctures intermixed, a feebly impressed median line on basal half. 
Elytra striate, the striie indistinctly punctate ; intervals flat and equal, male, 
or alternately slightly narrower and more convex, female, finely punctu- 
late. Length 11-18 mm. 

Monroe, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. May 12- June 
11. Occurs on the trunks and branches of old beech trees. 

Subfamily IV. CEROPHYTINAE. 

While no member of this subfamily has been taken in Indiana, 
it is doubtless represented in the southern third of the State by a 
rare species, Cerophytum pulsator Hald., a single specimen of which 
was taken by Dury near Cincinnati. It is an oblong black beetle, 
7.5-8.5 mm. in length, with the hind coxal plates wholly wanting ; 
tarsal claws pectinate on basal half; antennae pectinate in male, ser- 
rate in female ; elytra deeply striate^ the striT coarsely and closely 
punctate. 

Family XXXVIII. THROSCID^. 
The Pseldo Click Beetles. 

This family contains only a few small oblong black or brownish 
beetles which resemble the Elaterids, and the next family, the Bu- 
prestids, in form and in having the prosternum prolonged behind 
into a spine which fits into a cavity in the mesosternum. They 
differ from the Elateridae in having the pro- and mesosterna firmly 
joined, thus preventing the power of leaping possessed by most click 
beetles. From the Buprestida? they are distinguished by having the 
ventral abdominal segments all tree. The adult beetles are found 
on flowers, while the habits of the larvae are as yet almost unknown. 

In addition to the characters above mentioned, the Throscids 
have the antennae ll-jointed, inserted on the front, and in repose 



774 



FAMILY XXXVHI . THRO S CTDJE . 



received in grooves along the inner margins of the inflexed portions 
of thorax : head immersed in thorax to the eyes : month inferior, 
applied in repose to the prosternnm ; thorax deeply silicate on under 
side along the sutures for reception of antenna?: presternum with a 
rounded lobe in front which protects the mouth : front and middle 
coxa? small, rounded, without trorhantins. the cavities of the former 
closed behind by the mesosternum : hind coxa? transverse and dilated 
into a plate partly covering the thighs: tarsi short, five-jointed, 
joints 1 to -1 being furnished beneath with long membranous lobes; 
claws simple. 

The name TJimscus. that of the typical genius, is ill-suited to 
these beetles, since it is derived from a Greek word meaning "to 
leap upon. " The fixity of the thorax upon the trunk precludes any 
such motion. The family is represented in the United States by 
three genera and IS species. Of these five species, belonging to two 
genera, have been taken in Indiana. The principal paper on the 
North American forms is by 

Horn. — ' ' Synopsis of the Throseida? of the United States." in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XII. 1SS5. 198-208. 

KEY TO IXBIAXA GEXEBA OE THEOSCID.E. 

a. Antennas serrate, their cavities on prosternnm short, straight; no tarsal 
grooves. I. De a petes. 

aa. Antenna? terminating in a three-jointed club, their cavities long and 
curved: tarsal grooves present on metasternum. II. Thboscus. 

I. Drapetes Eedt, 1849. (Gr., i ' to run away.") 

To this genns belong four species, one of which has been taken in 
the State, while two of the others may in time be found. Since the 
table by which they are separated is brief, it is herewith given. 

KEY TO SPECIES OE DBAPETES, 

a. Thorax black. 

1). Elytra red and black. 

c. Elytra with a broad sub-basal red crossbar. 1475. geminates. 
cc. Elytra with humeral and subapical red spots. 

QVADEIPESTE'IATES. 

1)1). Elytra wholly black. xitides. 

'/'/. Thorax red. elytra black. bebbicollis. 

1475 (4042 1. Deapetes gemixates Say. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. I. 1S23. 264: 
ibid. I. 398. 

Oblong, convex. Black, shining, very sparsely pubescent. Elytra with 
a broad sub-basal red crossbar, this sometimes divided at the suture or re- 
duced to a round spot on each side. Thorax as wide at base as long, grad- 



THE PSEUDO CLi'CIv BEETLES. 



775 



ually narrowing to front, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctured ; 
carina} of hind angles extending two-thirds to apex. Elytra slightly wider 
than thorax, not striate, sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Length 
4 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. May 25-June 26. Occurs 
especially on flowers of milkweed. 

D. quadripustulaius Bonv., more robust, thoracic carinas shorter, 
length 4 mm., ranges from Wisconsin to Florida and has been re- 
corded from Cincinnati. D. nitidus Melsh., wholly piceous black, 
length 4 mm., is known from Pennsylvania. 

II. TiiROSCUS Lat. 1796. (Gr., "to leap upon. ") 

In this genus the antennas vary in the two sexes. In the male 
the club is one and a half times the length and three times as broad 
as all the preceding joints together ; in the female it is very little 
longer than the six preceding joints and not more than twice as wide 
as they. The eyes of the male are larger and less separated in 
front. Four species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF THROSCUS. 

a. Eyes entire. 

J). Strife of presternum much shortened. 

c. Hind angles of thorax without trace of carina. 1476. punctatus. 
cg. Hind angles with a distinct but short carina close to the side mar- 
gin, 1477. invisus. 
hb. Strise of prosternum entire or nearly so ; hind angles not carinate. 

1478. constrictor. 

aa. Eyes with a narrow oblique impression very nearly dividing them into 
two equal portions; stria? of prosternum entire; elytral intervals with 
two rows of punctures. 1479. chevrolati. 

1476 (4547). Throsctjs punctatus Bonv., Monog. Throscidse, 1859, 15. 
Oblong, convex. Dark brown, moderately shining, sparsely and very 

finely pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly con- 
verging from base to apex, disk distinctly depressed on basal third, coarsely, 
equally and rather closely punctate. Elytra not wider than thorax, striate, 
stride rather closely punctate; intervals flat, each with two rows of close- 
set punctures which are almost as large as those of stria?. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. May 28, In a specimen at hand the elytra 
are reddish-brown and the thorax piceous. 

1477 (4548). Throscus invisus Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, XII, 

1885, 201. 

Resembles punctatus but somewhat larger, darker and more robust, 
with the basal region of thorax less impressed, the punctures of disk more 
widely separated and a fine but distinct carina close to the margin on hind 
angles. Length 3.5-4 mm. 



776 



FAMILY XXXIX. — BUPRESTIDJE. 



Owen and Posey counties; scarce. April 29-June 15. One 
specimen on the later date from flowers of Cornus. 

147S (4549). THBoscrs constrictor Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836 
1S9 ; ibid. II, 629. 

Oblong, convex. Reddish-brown to pieeous, moderately shining, sparsely 
pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, rather strongly narrowed 
in front, sides feebly curved ; surface coarsely and rather closely punctate, 
and strongly depressed each side on basal third. Elytra not wider than 
thorax, finely striate, striae punctate; intervals fiat, each with two rows of 
sparse, rather fine punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marion and Perry counties ; rare. June 12. Occurs from Can- 
ada to Georgia on flowers and leaves of May-apple and other low 
herbs. 

*1479 (4553). Throscus chevrolati Bonv., Monog. Throscidse, 1859, 21. 

Oblong, convex. Reddish-brown, clothed with rather 
coarse, yellowish pubescence. Clypeus with two distinct par- 
allel carinae. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, much 
narrowed in front, widest in front of hind angles, which 
are prolonged and indistinctly carmate ; surface rather finely 
and sparsely punctate, the basal region not depressed. Ely- 
tra slightly narrower than thorax, somewhat narrower be- 
hind the middle; surface with distinctly impressed and 
punctate striae; intervals each with two rows of fine punc- 

^rllnaL) 11 tU1 ' eS ' LeU S tn 2 - 5 " 2 - 8 mm - (Fig. 293.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 21-No- 
vember 18. Hibernates beneath rubbish. Readily known by its 
obliquely impressed eyes and bicarinate front. 

Family XXXIX. BTJPBESTIDJE. 

The Metallic Wood-boring Beetles. 

A family of moderate extent, comprising beetles which vary 
much in shape and size. The larger ones are usually oblong ellip- 
tical and somewhat flattened, while many of the smaller species are 
either elongate and subcylindrical or short and ovate. Their bodies 
are hard and inflexible, with usually a bronzed or metallic surface. 
The antenna? are short, rather slender and finely but distinctly ser- 
rate. Many of them resemble the click beetles in general form, but 
have the thorax and abdomen firmly united, so that they have no 
power of leaping. 

The Buprestiche are preeminently a tropical family, and in the 
torrid regions reach a large size and reflect the light from their 
polished bodies with an almost dazzling brilliancy. The adults of 




THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



777 



our Indiana species are usually found upon flowers or upon the 
trunks and limbs of trees, basking m the sunshine. When disturbed 
they drop to the ground and feign death. The name of the typical 
genus, Buprestis, is from two Greek words meaning "ox" and "to 
blow 'up or swell/" and was applied by the ancients to an insect 
whose sting caused a swelling in cattle, or which being eaten by 
cattle in the grass caused them to swell up and die. ' ' The name was 
afterward applied by Linnaeus to the members of the present family. 

The principal characters, other than those above mentioned, 
which distinguish the family are the 11-jointed antenna? inserted 
upon the front, the outer joints furnished with pores; head im- 
mersed in the thorax to the eyes ; presternum prolonged behind, fit- 
ting into mesosternum, the latter short, divided into two portions, 
which complete the front coxa! cavities; elytra covering the abdo- 
men or leaving but one segment exposed ; abdomen with five ventral 
segments, the first and second united, the others free ; front and 
middle coxae globular, with distinct trochantin ; hind coxa? trans- 
verse, concave behind, dilated into a plate partially covering the 
femora: tarsi 5-jointed, the first four joints each with more or less 
developed membranous lobes beneath. 

The larva? of the larger Buprestids are wood, borers, usually 
living under the bark of trees which are just beginning to decay, 
though some of them penetrate the solid wood. They are some- 
what flattened in form, wholly destitute of legs, and have the head 
small and the first two or three thoracic segments very much broad- 
ened, so as to give the grubs a hammer-like form. For that reason 
they' are known as "hammer heads" or "flat-headed borers," and 
some of them do much injury to orchards. Their burrows are broad 
and shallow, corresponding with the shape of the larger part of the 
body. ' These larger Buprestids are usually the first insects to at- 
tack trees which have been injured by sun scald, forest fires, or 
which have otherwise had their vitality weakened. They therefore 
occupy a position intermediate between the genuine wood borers, 
the Cerambycida? and Scolytiche, which bore into the solid wood, and 
those other wood, beetles, like some of the Elaterida? and Lucanida?, 
which inhabit only wood and bark in an advanced stage of decay. 

The larva* of some of the smaller Buprestids, notably those of 
the slender-bodied species of Agrilus, are shaped like the "flat- 
heads" above mentioned, and inhabit the stems of small trees and 
shrubs. One of the best known of these is the "raspberry cane 
borer," which causes galls on the stems of blackberry and rasp- 
berry. The larva? of other small, short-bodied forms, are slender 



778 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPKESTIDJE. 



and cylindrical, with three pairs of short, widely separated legs. 
These live in leaves and soft twigs and are known as leaf miners. 

The two principal papers treating of the North American forms 
are as follows : 

LeConte.-- 'Revision of the Buprestida? of the United States," 
in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, XI, 1859, 187-258. 

Crotch, G. E — -Notes on the Species of Buprestidse found in 
the United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 
84-96. 

In addition to these, monographs or synopses of several of the 
principal genera have appeared and will he mentioned under the 
proper heading. 

Nearly 5,000 species of Bnprestida 1 are known, only about 300 of 
which are from the United Slates. For convenience the family is 
first divided into tribes, and these, in turn, into genera. Of the six 
tribes recognized in the North American fauna, representatives of 
four occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF BUPRESTID M. 

a. Hind coxae with the plates distinctly dilated near base, cut off on the 
outer end by the prolongation of the abdomen; their front margin 
straight, hind margin oblique ; fourth tarsal joint not lobed. 

Tribe I. Buprestini, p. 778. 
a a. Hind coxal plates scarcely dilated internally or near base. 

b. Thorax lobed at the base ; front narrowed by the insertion of the an- 
tennae. 

c. Mesosternum emarginate. not divided ; species larger, 5-11 mm. 

Tribe II. Julodini, p. 792. 
cc. Mesosternum scarcely visible; species smaller, not over 3 mm. 

Tribe III. Mastogenini, p. 795. 
bb. Thorax truncate at base; clypeus not narrowed by the insertion of 
the antennae ; form slender. Tribe IV. Agrilini, p. 795. 

Tribe I. BUPRESTINI. 

To this tribe belong our largest and also some of the smaller spe- 
cies. They are more or less flattened in form and are distinguished 
by the characters given above and by the mesosternum being always 
divided so that the cavity for the reception of the prosternal spine 
is formed both by the meso- and metasternum. Nine genera are 
known to be represented in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BUPRESTINI. 

a. Prosternal spine obtusely angulated behind the front coxa? ; epimera of 
metathorax triangular, uncovered; scutellum small. 
b. Mesosternum and metasternum closely united; antennal pores scat- 
tered over the sides of the joints ; size large, 19 or more mm. 

I. Chalcophora. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



77!) 



hl>. Mesosternal suture distinct; pores of antennae in small pits on the 
under side of the joints ; size medium, rarely over 17 mm. 
c. Prosternal spine obtusely rounded at apex. 
(/. Mentum entirely horn-like; elytra without yellow markings. 
e. Scutellum small, rounded ; tarsi broad, shorter than the tibiae. 

II. DlCERCA. 

ce. Scutellum much broader than long, truncate behind. 

III. PCECILONOTA. 

del. Mentum membranous in front; elytra usually marked with yel- 
j IV. Buprestis. 

cc. Prosternal spine acute at apex; form very slender. V. Cinyba. 
aa . Prosternal spine acutely angulated behind the coxa?, acute at tip; epi- 
mera of metathorax partly covered by abdomen. 
f. Clypeus not contracted by the insertion of the antennae; size small, 
usually flattened. 
g. Mentum leather-like in front ; base of thorax sinuate. 

VI. Melanophila. ■ 

gg. Mentum entirely horn-like. 

h. Base of thorax truncate; antennae serrate in both sexes. 

VII. Anthaxia. 

hh. Base of thorax sinuate; antennae pectinate in male, serrate in 
female. Xenorhlpis. 
ff. Clypeus contracted by the antenna? being inserted at the inner ex- 
tremity of short oblique grooves ; size medium ; form rather broad 
and flat. 

i. Third joint of tarsi truncate: hind tarsi with first joint elongate; 

scutellum large, acuminate. VIII. Chrysobothbis. 

PL Third joint of tarsi much prolonged at side ; hind tarsi with first 

and second joints equal ; scutellum small. IX. Actenodes. 

I. Chalcophora Sol. 1833. (Gi\, "copper .+ bearing.' 7 ) 

Here belong the largest of our Buprestids, having the antennas 
inserted in small fovea?: mentum broadly emarginate in front; hind 
tarsi with first joint elongated. The males have a distinct sixth 
ventral segment. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHALCOPHOEA. 

a. Margins of elytra entire or very finely serrate; median dorsal impres- 
sion of thorax broad, more or less irregular. 
J) Sutural stria of elytra on apical half only; color dull black, feebly 
" bronzed. 14S0 - ™ixiexsis. 

m. Sutural stria of elytra entire ; coppery or brassy yellow. 

14S1. LIBERIA. 

aa. Margins of elytra strongly serrate on apical third; median impression 
of thorax deep, narrow. 1482. campestris. 



780 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIELE. 




1480 (4569). Chalcophoea vjrginiensis Drury. Ins. I, 1770 66 

Elongate-oval, robust. Dull black, feebly bronzed.' the impressions of 
thorax and elytra often brassy. Head with a deep, median groove thi 
broader and deeper in front. Thorax one-third wider than long site 
rounded on apical third, disk with a broad median impression and two 
others each side, in the regions of the front and hind angles. Elytra each 
with four to six elongate impressed spaces which are finely and rather 
densely punctate. Length 23-30 mm. 

Clark County; rare. June 30. Said to be common in the 
Middle, Eastern and Southern States. Occurs usually on pine. 

14S1 (4570). Chalcophoea libeeta Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov.. 1824, 38 

Elongate-oval. Bright copper or brassy yellow ; antennae 
legs and raised lines of thorax and elytra piceous brown' 
Thorax transverse, sides broadly rounded, disk with three 
broad raised lines, the middle one entire, the others inter- 
rupted at base, the intervals between them, as well as the 
sides, very coarsely and irregularly punctured. Elytra each 
with four raised lines, the second of which is wider than the 
■ Flg ;If- p ^!^ rSt or one next tIie su ture 5 and broadly interrupted before 

size. (After Packard and behmrl flip mirMlo K „ , 1 ^i.u±e 

in Fifth Rep u s li tne miaclle bj two impressed spots ; stria he- 

Ent.Comm.j tweeu tlle suture ' and first raised line entire. Length 19- 

24 mm. (Fig. 294.) & 

Frequent on the scrub pines.. Pin us banhsiana Lamb, in the dune 
region of Lake. Porter and Laporte counties; not noted elsewhere in 
the State. May 28-September 1 9. The adults feed upon the young 
buds and leaves of pine, while the young live as borers in the de- 
caying wood. 

1482 (4573). Chalcophoea cahpesteis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci 
III. 1S23. 1G5 ; ibid. I. 60. 
Elongate-oval. Uniform grayish bronzed a hove ; polished cupreous be- 
neath. Thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, sides nearlv straight ■ 
disk with a deep median channel, sides roughly and unevenly punctured 
Elytra each with four narrow and somewhat interrupted raised lines the 
broader intervals transversely roughened, a large slightly impressed 'spot 
before and another behind the middle. Length 22-28 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 11- July 7. Occurs on 
beech, oak and other trees. 

II. Dicerca Esch. 1829. (Gr. ; "two -{-tails.") 

Dull bronzed species of medium size, which, in addition to the 
characters mentioned in generic key. have the tips of elytra more or 
less prolonged and tapering, thus forming a kind of tail. About 20 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



781 



species are known from the United States, five of which have been 
taken in Indiana, while one other perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DICERCA. 

a. Elytra much prolonged at apex. 

&. Tips of elytra entire. 1483 divaricata. 

t>l). Tips of elytra bidentate. pugionata. 
(ml. Elytra not much prolonged at apex, the tips bidentate. 

c. Thorax and elytra uniform without elevated smooth ridges. 

d. Thorax narrowed from the base ; impressions of thorax and elytra 

distinct. 1484. obscuea. 

dd. Thorax narrowed from the middle; impressions indistinct. 

1485. LURID A. 

cc. Thorax and elytra uneven, the latter with short elevated smooth 
ridges. 

e. Front of head with a transverse carina ; middle tibiae of male den- 

tate. I486, spreta. 

ee. Front not car in ate ; middle tibise of male simple. 

1487. ASPERATA. 

1483 (4577). Dicerca divaricata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 163; ibid. II. 105, 590. 
Elongate-oval. Above brassy brown or grayish-cu- 
preous; beneath cupreous. Thorax nearly twice as wide 
as long, side margins subangulate at middle; disk with 
a median impressed line and an indentation before the 
scutellum, its sides roughly, coarsely and unevenly punc- 
tured. Elytra with tips much prolonged and usually 
somewhat divergent; surface substriate, coarsely and 
irregularly punctate and with numerous raised reticulate 
smooth spaces. Length 16-21 mm. (Fig. 295.) 

Fig. 295. (After Pack- 

Thron^hout the State ; scarce. May 24-June ard in Fifth Rep. u. s. 

° - Ent. Comm.) 

27. The larva? burrow in the wood of beech and 
cherry and the beetles are usually found on the trunks or branches 
of these trees, though sometimes on apple, maple and oak, all of 
which have light colored bark, thus serving to protect the basking 
beetle from its enemies. One specimen was taken on June 12 from 
the clutches of a large bumble-bee-like fly, MallopJwra sp.? 

D. caudata Lee. is a small variety, more convex in form and 
having the thorax feebly narrowed from base to apex instead of 
widest at middle. A single specimen was taken from the flowers of 
willow near Pine, Lake County, May 30. 

D. pugionata Germ., bronzed-cupreous, length 11-13.5 mm., is 
known from Pennsylvania and Maryland. 




782 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDiE. 



1484 (4579). Diceeca obscuea Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 190. 
Resembles closely the next species. Distinguished by its duller color 

more depressed form, and by having the punctured impressed spaces of 
elytra larger and more distinct. The thorax is feebly narrowed from base 
to apex, not broadest at middle, as in luricla, and has a large oblique im- 
pression on each side. Length 16-18 mm. 

Posey County; rare. November 9. One in Webster collection 
labeled "Ind." j 

1485 (4579a). Diceeca lubida Fab., Joe cit. 

. Elongate-oval. Grayish-bronzed above, dull cu- 

V )Vf N Preous beneath. Thorax one-half wider than long; 

\ /'"'""'^ side mar g in s broadly rounded on apical two-thirds; 
I J <* ' 1 surface rather evenly and coarsely punctured on the 
-| J sides, the disk smoother. Elytra striate, the intervals 
coarsely punctate; surface with a number of small, 
densely punctate impressions; apices but little pro- 
longed, the tips bidentate. Length 14-19 mm (Fi°- 
296.) 



11 

H 
\ 



Throughout the State; frequent. May 20- 
V0 August 16. Occurs on hickory, in the wood of 
,/ \: W Which the larva3 live ; also ben eath stones. Listed 
Fig. 296. (Aftfrackardin as a Variet ^ of pbscura, but probably a valid 

Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent, Comm. Species. 

I486 (4581). Diceeca speeta Gory, Mon. Buprest, IV, 1837, 108. 

Oblong-oval. Above brassy-bronzed, beneath cupreous. Front concave 
with a transverse carina between the bases of antennae. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, sides rounded in front, parallel on basal half; disk with 
four elevated smooth lines, between which and on the sides are a number 
of irregular and deep punctured impressions. Elytra with interrupted 
coarsely punctured striae and with a number of small scattered, elevated 
polished brown spaces ; tips short, bidentate. Apex of abdomen emarginate 
in male ; tridentate in female. Length 17 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. September 9. Taken from trunk of 
oak tree. 

1487 (4582). Diceeca aspeeata Lap. & Gory, Mon. Buprest, 1837, 105. 

Elongate-oval. Brassy-bronzed above, cupreous beneath. Front of 
head concave, coarsely and rugosely punctate, without transverse carina. 
Thorax one-half broader than long, sides rounded to near base ; disk with 
two wide, smooth, flattened ridges separated by a narrow punctured me- 
dian line, and also an irregular narrow, smooth ridge each side, the im- 
pressions deeply and coarsely punctured. Elytra each with a number of 
elongate smooth elevations, these more prominent near the suture ; the de- 
pressions each side coarsely punctate; tips short, bidentate. Length 14- 
16 mm. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORTNG BEETLES. 



783 



Lawrence Comity; rare. May 11. Beaten from blossoms of 
wild crab- apple. 

III. Pcectlonota Esch. 1829. (Gr., " variegated + back.'') 
Eiffers from Dicer ca in having the scutellum very transverse 
and truncate behind, with its hind angles well marked. The third 
joint of antennae is twice as long as second ; fourth triangular and 
nearly as broad as the fifth. 

1488 (4594). Pcecilonota cyanipes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 164 ; ibid. II, 106. 

Elongate-oval. Greenish-brassy above, dark cupreous beneath; an- 
tennas and tarsi bluish-green. Thorax one-third wider than long, side mar- 
gins feebly rounded, disk with an elevated smooth median line, sides very 
coarsely and irregularly punctured. Elytra with numerous short, irregu- 
lar, elevated smooth spaces, between which are coarsely punctured brassy 
depressions; tips prolonged, somewhat divergent, either entire and finely 
serrate, or with two teeth at apex. Length 11-15 mm. 

Northern half of State, scarce; not taken south of Marion 
County. May 28-July 29. Occurs on pine, sycamore and oak 
trees. 

IV. Buprestis Linn. 1735. (Gr., " ox + swell. ") 

Medium-sized species, having the front 
portion of mentum membranous; scutel- 
lum small and rounded. The elytra are 
moderately narrowed behind and are often 
very prettily marked with yellow. Four 
have been taken in Indiana, while one other 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BUPEESTIS. 

a. Prosternum not or indistinctly sulcate. 
&. Elytra with distinct spots. 

c. Elytra green with yellow spots. 
d. Elytra each with a basal stripe, two 
spots behind the middle, and the 
apex yellow. 1489. eufipes. 

dd. Elytra with a common yellow cross- 
bar behind the middle, and a yellow 
spot on each midway between the 
bar and apex. (Fig. 297.) 
cc. Elytra brassy black, each with four often more or less connected 
yellow spots. 1490. lineata. 

6&. Elytra brassy black without spots. 1491. maculiventris. 

aa. Prosternum distinctly sulcate throughout its full length ; bright green, 
the suture and sides of elytra cupreous. 1492. striata. 

[50—23402] 




Fig. 297. Buprestis fasciata Fab. 
(After Packard in Fifth Rep. U. S.Ent. 
Comm.) 



784" 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDZE. 




Fig. 298. 



1489 (459S). Buprestis rufipes Oliv., Nat. Hist, des Ins., II, 1801, 16. 

Elongate. Above green, tinged with brassy, 

shining; elytra spotted as described in key; an 
oblique yellow stripe near margin of thorax. Be- 
neath green, with a median stripe extending from 
mouth to second ventral segment and a row of 
small spots along the sides, bright yellow ; legs and 
last three ventral segments purplish-red. Thorax 
one-third wider than long, disk sparsely and coarse- 
ly punctured; an impressed spot before the scu- 
tellum. Elytra with narrow, deeply punctured striae ; 
tips bidentate. Length 18-25 mm. (Fig. 298.) 

Southern half of State: scarce. June 10- 
July 4. One of the most brilliantly colored 
and handsome of our native beetles. Usu- 
ally occurs on old beech or maple trees and 
logs, in the wood of which the larvae live. 

B. fasciata Fabr., length 20-23 mm., is a southern species re- 
corded from Cincinnati. 

1490 (4601). Bupbestis lineata Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 192. 
Elongate-oval. Above black, with a brassy tinge ; elytra each with four 

yellowish spots, one sub-basal, one before and another behind the middle, 
the fourth and smallest subapical ; these spots sometimes united to form 
two broad stripes ; beneath dull bronze, the head and front margin of pro- 
sternum yellowish. - Thorax strongly narrowing from base to apex, disk 
sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctured. Elytra striate, the stria} fine- 
ly punctate; intervals subconvex, very sparsely and coarsely punctate; tips 
bidentate. Length 11-15 mm. 

Lake County; rare. June 2 9- July 25. 

1491 (4606). Bupbestis maculiventeis Say, 

Long's Exped. to St. Peters 
Pviv., II, 1824, 272; ibid. I, 
178. 

Elongate-oval. Black, tinged with bras- 
sy ; front angles of thorax, a small spot above 
base of antennae and a row of spots along the 
sides of abdomen, reddish-yellow. Thorax at 
base one-half wider than long, sides rounded 
and suddenly curved downward in front of 
middle; disk coarsely, sparsely and unevenly 
punctate. Elytra with finely punctured stride ; 
intervals subconvex, more coarsely punctate. 
Length 16 mm. 

Putnam County ; rare. June 18. Pre- 
sented by Guy Wilson. 

1492 (4609). Bupbestis striata Fab., Syst. 

Eleut., II, 1821, 192. 



v 

liiif 

llili 

IIP 

Mii 
ill ii 

- * $ '.A ft 





• fx f 

fill 




Elongate-oval. Above brilliant green, the 



Fig. 299. 



(After Packard in Fifth Rep. U 
S. Ent. Comm.) 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES 



785 



dorsal median space of thorax, suture and narrow side margins of elytra 
cupreous ; beneath greenish, tinged with cupreous. Thorax one-third wider 
than long, sides nearly straight, disk coarsely, densely and unevenly punc- 
tured. Elytra each with four sparsely punctured narrow raised lines, the 
broader intervals densely and reticulately punctured. Tips together rounded, 
not dentate. Length 13-17 mm. ( Fig. 299.) 

Putnam and Lake counties ; scarce. February 16-June 21. 

Y. Cixyra Lap. & Cory. 1837. (Gr.. "the lyre.") 

To this genus belongs a single rather small oblong species, hav- 
ing the pores of the antennae in pits on the end of the joints and 
the prosternal spine acute at apex. 

1493 (4615). Cixyea gbacilipes Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. II. 

1S44. 145. 

Elongate-oblong, slender, subdepressed. Above dull fuscous, obscurely 
bronzed; beneath cupreous. Thorax quadrate, a fourth wider than long, 
sides straight, apex truncate ; disk coarsely and roughly punctured and with 
a distinct median groove. Scutellum triangular. Elytra feebly striate, the 
stria? punctate, disk with two subobsolete impressions, one before and the 
other behind the middle ; intervals alternately a little elevated ; tips nar- 
rowed but not prolonged, feebly bidentate. Eength 10-11 mm. 

Marshall, Marion and Posey counties: scarce. June 6— June 12. 
Beaten from branches of oak along the border of low woods. 

YI. :\Ielaxophila Esch. 1S29. (Gr.. ; 4 black -love.") 

This genus is separated from Anthaxia only by the characters 
given in key to genera, One species has been taken in the State 
and two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES 0E MELAXOPHELA. 

a. Elytra acute at tips : first joint of hind tarsi ecrualling the next three 
in length. 

l>. Front sparsely punctured : elytra with yellow spots. 1494. xotata. 
bb. Front densely punctured; elytra without spots: sides of thorax 
oblique behind, the disk widest in front of middle, appexdicueata. 
aa. Elytra rounded at tips ; first joint of hind tarsi not longer than the 
next two : thorax coarsely punctured over its entire surface ; tip of 
prosternum broadly triangular. .exeola. 

1494 (4617). yiEiAXOPHiiA xotata Lap. & Gory. Mon. Buprest.. I. 1S3T. 4. 
Elongate, depressed. Black : head and thorax shining : elytra less shin- 
ing, each marked with yellow as follows : a short stripe near middle of 
base which curves inward and terminates near suture in a rounded spot 
the latter sometimes separated: a short bar on apical third and often a 
small spot on middle near margin. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides 



786 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDJE. 




regularly curved; disk evenly granulate-punctate with a 
small impression in front of scutellum. Elytra with mar- 
gins serrate near tips, disk granulate-punctate. Length 
9-12 mm. 

Marion County; rare. June 22. One specimen 
taken from window of street car. Recorded from 
Georgia and Florida, 

M, appendienlata Fab. (longipcs Say.) (Fig. 
300), black, length 7-13 mm., has been recorded 
Kg 300. MdanophUa from Cincinnati; M.ceneola Melsh., convex, bronzed, 
EwdtS R ^ ^ 4.5-6,5 mm., occurs in the "Middle and 
s. Ent. Comm.) Southern States." 

VII. Anthaxia Esch. 1829. (Gi\, ' ' a flower + worthy of,") 

Small flattened species, having the mesosternum narrowly di- 
vided and separated from the metasternum by a distinct suture ; an- 
tenna? serrate in both sexes, the pores at the ends of the joints; 
head and thorax marked with shallow punctures with the interven- 
ing lines forming a fine network. The genus has been mono- 
graphed by 

Horn. — "Revisio7i of the species of some Genera of Buprestiche, " 
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, X, 1882, 106. 

Of the eight species recognized by Horn, four have been taken 
in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHAXIA. 

a. Body depressed, oblong-oval; last ventral segment punctured like the 
ones preceding. 
&. Tarsal claws simple or merely a little broader at base. 
c. Elytra roughly granulate. 1495. ^neogastee. 

cc. Elytra feebly sculptured, at most with small raised points. 

d. Body above and beneath uniform brownish-bronze, feebly shin- 
ing; elytra with fine raised points. 1496. vikidifkons. 
dd. Body nearly black with a slight purplish lustre ; front and sides 
of thorax broadly cupreous or bronzed; elytra scarcely wrin- 
kled. 1497. vieidicoenis. 
blj. Tarsal claws broadly toothed at base; color bright green, bluish or 
purple, shining. 1498. quebcata. 
aa. Body slender, wedge-shaped; last ventral segment much more coarsely 
punctured than those preceding. elayimana. 

1495 (4628). Antthaxia ^neogastek Lap., Mon. Buprest., I, 1S37, 32. 

Rather, broad, depressed. Above piceous or black, the surface with 
faint bronze lustre; beneath, bronzed, more shining. Head densely punc- 
tate, reticulate, front concave. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides 
feebly curved in front, slightly sinuate behind; disk coarsely reticulate, 
usually with four shallow fovese arranged in a curved transverse row. Ely- 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



787 



tra gradually narrowed on apical third, the tips obtuse; surface rather 
coarsely granulate, each with a shallow oblique impression from humerus 
towards middle of suture. Length 4-6.5 mm. 

St. Joseph Count}- ; scarce. June 1. A boreal species which 
will probably be found throughout the northern third of State. 

1496 (4630). Anthaxia vibidifbons Lap., Mon. Buprest., Supp., 1837, 284. 
Oblong, feebly convex. Dark coppery bronze, more shining beneath, 

head and narrow front margin of thorax often green. Front slightly con- 
vex, reticulate. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides irregularly curved, 
disk regularly reticulate, usually with two shallow transverse depressions 
on each side. Elytra shaped as in wneogaster, the surface distinctly rugu- 
lose and subopaque. Length 4-5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. April 18- July 7. Beaten 
from vegetation ; often attracted by light, 

1497 (4631). Anthaxia vieidicobnis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 

1823, 162; ibid. II, 105, 594. 
Oblong, moderately depressed. Above purplish-black, sides of thorax 
broadly cupreous ; beneath bluish, shining. Front cupreous or brassy, slightly 
depressed at middle. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, sides feebly 
curved, disk with a transverse depression each side, surface very regularly 
reticulate. Elytra with surface opaque, finely wrinkled. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 15-August 9. Often 
found in company with the preceding and perhaps will prove to be 
the female of that species. If so. Say's name has priority. 

1498 (4633). Anthaxia queecata Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 216. 
Oblong, parallel, subdepressed. Color variable, usually bluish or pur- 
ple, shining, often bright green with the middle of thorax and a broad 
stripe on each elytron brown. Front flat, often impressed at middle, sur- 
face coarsely punctured. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides straight 
at middle, curved at either end; disk with a deep impression each side. 
Elytra obtuse at tip, surface smoother on apical than on basal half. Length 
4-6 mm. 

Vermillion, Marion Knox and Crawford counties; 
scarce. May 19-July 2. A. cyanrtla Gory is the fe- 
male of this species. 

A. flavimana Gory, greenish-bronzed, thorax pur- 
ple-black at middle, length 3-5 mm., occurs in the J 
Middle and Southern States and has been recorded 
from Cincinnati. 

Xenorhipis brendeli Horn, dull black, feebly 
bronzed, length 5 mm., a very rare form, is knowm Y ^^ Xenorhipis 
from New York, Peoria, Illinois, and Texas. (Fig. gSfa^ Male. 
301.) 




788 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTID/E. 



VIII. Chrysobothris Esch. 1829. (Gr., "gold + a pit.") 

A large genus of rather broad and flattened beetles, small or 
medium in size and having the antenna- inserted at the inner end 
of short oblique grooves by which the front is narrowed ; mentum 
horn-like at base, membranous at apex ; prosternum acutely angu- 
lated on the sides behind the coxae and acute at tip ; scutellum large 
and acuminate; front femora strongly toothed; first joint of hind 
tarsi always as long as the next three, often much longer. 
The principal paper treating of the genus is by 
Horn.— 1 ' A Monograph of the species of Chrysobothris inhabit- 
ing the United States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc XIII 
1886, 65-124, pis. II-VII. 

The following species have been taken or may occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHRYSOBOTHRIS. 

a. Side margins of last ventral segment with fine teeth. 
b. Disk of thorax even, without pits or elevations. 

c. Sides of ahdomen densely punctate and clothed with fine recumbent 
white pubescence ; sides of thorax narrowing to base ; elytra with 
first costa faintly indicated and with indistinct foveae on the disk. 

DEBILIS. 

cc. Abdomen sparsely punctate and not pubescent; sides of thorax 
straight and almost parallel; elytra without trace of costae or 
foveae; color blue or green, with a median purple black stripe, 
surface shining. 1499. pu hp u reo v ittata.' 

bb. Disk of thorax irregular, median line more or less sulcate, often with 
small elevations. 

d. Front tibiae of male curved and with numerous fine teeth on the 
inner edge; clypeus acutely notched at middle, semicirculaiiy 
curved on each side. 1500. femorata. 

dd. Front tibiae of male curved but with not more than one tooth on 
inner side ; clypeus not as above. 
e. Front tibiae of male with a single acute tooth one-third from 
apex; clypeus with a short truncate median lobe. 

1501. FLORICOLA. 

ee. Front tibiae of male dilated at tip and without teeth. 

/. Prosternum without trace of lobe in front ; color dark bronze ; 
disk of thorax with median groove. 

g. Joints 4 to 11 of antennae more or less brownish-yellow. 

DENTIPES. 

gg. Joints of antennae wholly metallic bronzed; hind tibiae 
straight in both sexes. trinervia. 
ff. Prosternum distinctly lobed in front, the lobe short. 

h. Median groove of thorax well marked, the elevated smooth 

spaces conspicuous; front tibia of male abruptly dilated 
at tip; first elytral costa sinuous, especially near apex; 
length 10-12.5 mm. 1502. blanchardi. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



789 



hh. Median groove of thorax feeble; ventral segments without 
lateral smooth spaces, the last one without a submarginal 
ridge ; length 5.5-7 mm. pusilla. 
aa. Side margins of last ventral segment without teeth. 

i. Elytra with more or less distinct costae or elevated lines ; disk of tho- 

rax uneven. 

j. Color above dark bronze ; tooth of front femur serrulate. 

1503. SEX- SIGN ATA. 

jj. Color violaceous or coppery; tooth of front femur not serrulate. 

1504. AZUREA. 

ii. Elytra without trace of costae; thorax one-half wider than long. 

1505. SCTTULA. 

C. debilis Lee, dark brownish-bronze, sides of thorax cupreous, 
length 5-8 mm., is known from Ohio and Texas. 

1499 (10,071). Chrysobotheis purpureovittata Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. 

Soc, XIII, 1SS6, 76. 
Moderately elongate, feebly depressed. Bright blue or green, varying 
to violet or coppery bronze; elytra each with a moderately broad purple 
black stripe, reaching from humerus nearly to tip, indistinct on the violet 
or bronze forms. Third joint of antenna? very little longer than fourth. 
Clypeus broadly triangularly emarginate, the notch oval at bottom, curved 
on each side. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight, sur- 
face sparsely punctate at middle, more densely and slightly strigose near 
the sides. Elytra a little wider than thorax, parallel, margins rather coarsely 
serrate, tips obtuse ; surface with only the usual basal fovea and a depres- 
sion betweeu the humeri ; rather finely, sparsely and evenly punctate. Length 
5.5-7.5 mm. 

Horn's types came from "Indiana, Illinois and Texas," no spe- 
cial location indicated. I have not seen examples from the State. 

1500 (4639). Chrysobothris femorata Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 179S, 208. 
Oblong or elongate-oblong, 

subdepressed. Color usually dark 
bronze, sometimes slightly brassy 
or cupreous ; antennas greenish or 
cupreous, the third joint a little 
longer than the next two. Clyp- 
eus described in key. Thorax 
more than twice as wide as long, 
widest slightly behind the apex ; 
disk irregular, with an indistinct 
median depression, and a deeper 
one each side behind and parallel 
with the apical margin, with 
other i r r e g u 1 a r ones near the 
sides; surface rather coarsely punctured, more densely on the sides. Ely- 
tra a little wider than thorax, sides nearly parallel, gradually narrowed 
on apical third, margin serrate, tips obtuse ; sculpture of disk very variable. 




Fig. 302. a, larva; b, beetle; c, head of male: d, pupa, all 
twice natural size. (After Chittenden.) 



790 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIME. 



usually with first and second costse distinct near apex, and with two trans- 
verse-depressions on each side, the first a little in front of middle, second 
one-third from apex, the basal depression rather feeble ; surface coarsely 
and, on the sides, confluently punctured. Length 7-16 mm. (Fig. 302.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 15-June 28. Mating on 

June 7. Occurs especially on the trunks of white oak, peach and 

apple trees, in the wood of which the larva? bore. The grubs are 

known as the 1 1 flat-headed apple borer, ' ' and often do much damage 

to orchards where the trees are not in healthy condition. 

1501 (4640). Chbysobotheis floricola Gory, Mon. Buprest. Suppl., 1837, 
179. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Dark bronze, with slight cupreous tinge ; an- 
tennae bronzed, male, greenish, female. Thorax more than twice as wide 
as long, sides nearly parallel at middle, narrowed at apex and base; disk 
with a distinct median chauuel and some irregular depressions near the 
side ; surface coarsely punctate, less densely at middle. Elytra wider than 
thorax, usually widest slightly behind the middle, gradually narrowed at 
apical third, margin serrulate, tips obtusely rounded; first costa moderately 
elevated from apex to middle, the others indistinctly defined; basal and 
humeral depressions not deep, the one behind the middle double; surface 
densely punctured between the elevations, more sparsely at base. Pro- 
sternum distinctly lobed in front. Length 8.5-12 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 11. Occurs from the Middle States 
to Florida. 




Figs. 303-305. Chrysobothris dentipes. a, head, front view; b, last male ventral segment; c, last female ventral 
segment; d, front leg of male. (After Packard in Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.) 

G. dentipes Germ. (Figs. 303-305), length 10-16 mm., is said to 
occur throughout the area east of the Mississippi River, but has 
not yet been noted from Indiana. 

1502 (10,077). Chrysobothris blanchardi Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
XIII, 1886, 93. 

Moderately elongate, depressed. Dark bronze, shiniug ; antennae of male 
greenish, of female bronzed, third joint- as long as the next two. Clypeus 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



791 



broadly but not deeply triangularly notched at middle. Thorax twice as 
wide as long, narrowed at apex and base, sides regularly curved ; disk with 
a vague median densely punctured sulcus, wider in front, limited on each 
side by an elevated smooth space, between which and margin the surface 
is irregularly and densely punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, gradually 
narrowed from middle to apex; margins feebly serrate, tips obtuse; first 
costa distinct on apical half, the others replaced by broad smooth spaces 
of irregular shape, the surface between them densely punctate. Body be- 
neath very shining, the last ventral with submarginal serrate ridge. Length 
10-16 mm. 

Lake and Knox counties; scarce. June 6-July 28. Occurs on 
scrub pine in the former county. Ranges from Massachusetts to 
Lake Superior. 

C. trinervia Kirby, piceous, bronzed, elytra and abdomen more 
or less cupreous, length 9-14 mm., is said to occur from the Middle 
States westward; C. pusilla Lap., dark coppery-bronze, length 5.5- 
7 mm., occurs from Massachusetts to Wisconsin and has been taken 
near Cincinnati. 

1503 (4657). Chrysobotheis sex-signata Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 

VI, 1836, 158; ibid. II, 103, 591. 
Elongate-oblong, -subdepressed. Piceous with faint 
bronzed lustre ; elytra each with three rounded brassy 
spots, one basal, one in front of middle on second 
costa, the other one-third from apex ; beneath bright 
green, the sides cupreous ; antennae green in both sexes, 
the third joint as long as the next three. Clypeus tri- 
angularly emarginate at middle, curved on each side. 
Thorax twice as wide as long, abruptly narrowed in 
front, sides slightly curved, hind angles obtuse; disk 
with a vague median impression on basal half and a 
subapical oblique one each side, coarsely and densely 

rig. ouu. ^nnci x enjoin u ru 

punctured, transversely strigose. Elytra wider than Fifth Rep. u. S. Ent, Comm.) 
thorax, sides nearly parallel in front, obliquely nar- 
rowed behind the middle; surface with first costa nearly entire, the others 
represented by faintly elevated smooth Hues, coarsely and closely punctate. 
Prosternum not lobed in front. Length 6.5-11 mm. (Fig. 306.) 

Marshall, Putnam, Perry, Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. May 
21- July 25. A handsome and easily recognized species. 

1504 (4660). Chrysobotheis azueea Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, XI, 

1859, 239. 

Oblong, rather broad, subdepressed. Color variable from blue to green- 
ish-blue, violet or cupreous ; beneath blue, the sides sometimes cupreous ; 
antennae greenish, male, bronze, female, the third joint nearly as loug as 
the next three. Clypeus broadly, not deeply, triangularly emarginate at 
middle. Thorax twice as wide as long, without well marked depressions ; 




792 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDJE. 



surface coarsely punctate, much more densely on sides. Elytra wider than 
thorax, gradually wider to apical third, thence narrowing to apex, margins 
serrate ; surface sparsely punctate and with a faint trace of first costa and 
a basal and two discal impressions, one in front of middle, the other one- 
third from apex, these often bright blue or green. Prosternum very faintly 
lobed in front. Length 6-8 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties; scarce. May 20-June 7. 

1505 (10,091). Cheysobotheis scitula Gory. Mon. Buprest.. Supp., 1S37. 

169. 

Rather elongate, convex. Dark cupreous or deep violet, elytra each 
with three more brilliant blue or green spots; antemne piceous. the three 
basal joints greenish or cupreous, third joint as long as the next three. 
Clypeus with a small triangular notch at middle. Thorax with sides 
straight, rounded near front angles: disk without depressions, coarsely 
punctate and finely transversely strigose. Elytra wider than thorax, coarsely, 
deeply, not densely punctate, the colored spots in the position of the usual 
fovea?. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Starke and Perry counties ; scarce. May 20-June 27. 

IX. Actexodes Lac. 1857. (Gr.. "without -a comb or crest.") 

Buprestids of small or medium size having the antenna? inserted 
at the end of short grooves as in Chrysobotliris, but differing from 
the latter genus by the small scuteiium. the equal first and second 
joints of hind tarsi and the very narrow vertex between the eyes. 

1506 (4666). Actexodes acoexis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1S36, 

159; ibid. II, 592. 

Broadly oblong, subdepressed. Brassy black above, dull cupreous be- 
neath ; scuteiium green. Antennas short, the third joint as long as the next 
three; clypeus almost truncate. Thorax twice as broad as long, with a 
transversely sub-basal impression : surface densely and coarsely punctured, 
transversely strigose. Elytra broader than thorax; surface without costre 
or distinct impressions but densely and roughly transversely wrinkled : mar- 
gins serrate from near the humerus. Length 10-13 mm. 

Lake. Marshall. Orange and Vigo counties ; frequent in Lake, 
scarce elsewhere. Beaten from vegetation. June 2— June 28. 

Tribe II. JULODINI. 

Our species belonging to this tribe are convex and snbcylindrical 
in form, narrowed behind and clothed witli suberect pubescence. 
The front is not contracted by the insertion of antenna?; thorax 
truncate behind and closely applied to the elytra ; mesosternum 
deeply emarginate; first joint of hind tarsi elongate. The tribe is 
represented by four genera, two of which occur in Indiana. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



793 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF JULODINI. 

a. Scutellum indistinct; side pieces of metathorax partly visible. 

X. ACM.EODERA. 

aa. Scutellum visible; side pieces of metathorax covered by the elytra. 

XI. Ptosima. 

X. AcMiEODERA Esch. 1829. (Gr.. "in full bloom + skin.'/) 

This genus, as characterized above, is represented in the United 
States by 70 species, only three of which occur in the eastern United 
States, including Indiana. The others are found mostly in the 
Southwestern and Pacific States. The two principal papers treat- 
ing of the genus are by 

Horn. — "Revision of the Species of Acmaeoclera of the United 

States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII. 1878, 2-27, PL I. 
Fall, If. C. — "Synopsis of the Species of Acmseodera of America 
North of Mexico," in Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, VII, 1899. 
1-37. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE ACMiEODERA. 

a. Sides of thorax with an elongate yellow spot near hind angles. 

1507. PULCHELLA. 

aa. Sides of thorax without trace of yellow. 

1). Larger, 8.5-11 mm. ; bluish-black, elytra with a number of small, 
more or less connected yellow spots. 150S. obnata. 

hlj. Smaller, 5-7.5 mm. ; blackish-bronzed, spots smaller, distinctly sej> 
arated and usually in two rows. 1509. tubules, 

1507 (4699). ActoiEODERA pulchella Herbst, Col. IX, 1805, 211. 

Elongate-oblong or subcylindrical, convex. Thorax and under surface 
bronzed, the former with an oblong yellow spot in front of hind angles ; 
elytra black with variable yellow markings, these usually a small sub-basal 
spot, an elongate marginal spot reaching from humerus to beyond middle, 
this with an inward prolongation near middle, and two crossbars, inter- 
rupted at suture, on apical third. Thorax convex, nearly twice as wide as 
long, apex and base truncate, sides narrowing from base to apex; disk with- 
out distinct impressions, but with a small basal fovea on each side ; surface 
densely, evenly and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as wide at base as 
thorax, margin serrate ; surface striate, the striae rather finely punctured ; 
intervals flat, each with a single row of punctures, bearing short brownish 
hairs. Length 5.5-10 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 11-July 25. Occurs on 
flowers, especially those of Jersey Tea. Ceanoinus americanus L. 
The yellow spot on side of thorax is sometimes reduced to a mere 
point and in one specimen at hand is wholly lacking. 



794 



FAMILY XXXIX. — BUPRESTIDJE. 



1508 (4692). Acm^eodera oenata Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 220. 

Robust, subcylindrical, moderately depressed. Bluish-black, sparsely 
clothed with erect black hairs, each elytron with usually six or eight irregu- 
lar small yellow spots on the sides. Thorax twice as wide as long, apex 
emarginate, base truncate; sides rapidly converging from behind the mid- 
dle to apex; disk with distinct median triangular impression and oblique 
lateral impression, the latter terminating in a pit at base; surface coarsely 
and deeply punctured, more densely on sides. Elytra narrower at base than 
thorax, gradually narrowing from base, more rapidly on apical third ; mar- 
gins serrulate ; disk with coarsely punctured stria? ; intervals flat, each with 
a single row of punctures. Length 8.5-11 mm. 

Knox County; rare. June 24. Probably occurs sparingly 
throughout the southern half of the State. 

1509 (4707). Acm^eodera tubulus Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 200. 
Subcylindrical, convex. Black bronzed, with sparsely placed short erect 

whitish hair ; elytra each with a dorsal row of four or five, and a marginal 
row of three or four small yellow spots, these rarely connected to form an 
irregular stripe. Head densely punctured, front feebly impressed. Thorax 
convex, nearly twice as wide as long, sides curved and widest in front of 
base; disk with three small basal fovea?, coarsely and densely punctured. 
Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowed and finely serrate on 
apical third; stria? with rather coarse punctures; intervals coarsely punc- 
tate. Length 5-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State : common. April 13— June 24. Occurs es- 
pecially on the flowers of the wild cranesbill, Geranium maculatum 
L., the red haw, Crataegus, and other low herbs and shrubs. Mating 
May 27. Listed as A. culta Web. 

XL PtosimaSoI. 1833. (Gr., "to fall down.") 

The members of this genus are readily distinguished from Acmce- 
odera, which they resemble in form, by the presence of a distinct 
seutellum. One of the two known species occurs in Indiana. 

1510 (4713). Ptostma gibbicollts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 161 ; ibid. II, 104, 591. 
Subcylindrical, robust. Bluish-black, shining, finely and sparsely pu- 
bescent. Elytra each with a large oblong spot on side, reaching from base 
to beyond middle and a smaller transverse one on apical third, bright yel- 
low. Front concave. Thorax convex, with an obtuse subapical elevation 
each side, sides strongly deflexed, base truncate ; surface rather densely and 
coarsely punctate. Elytra without stria?, margin sinuate, serrate on apical 
third, disk rather finely and sparsely punctate. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Marion and Vermillion counties southward; frequent. May 11- 
July 22. Beaten from foliage of red bud, Ccrcis canadensis L., in 
the wood of which the larvre bores ; also occurs frequently on sassa- 
fras. A prettily marked species. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



795 



Tribe III. MASTOGENINI. 
This tribe is represented in North America by the single genus 

XII. Mastogenius Sol. 1851. (Gr., ' ' mother + chin.") 

It in turn is represented in the eastern United States by one of 
the smallest Buprestids known, subcylindrical in form and having 
the antennas inserted in large cavities, narrowing the front, which 
does not expand again in front of the cavities as in Agrilus; mouth 
small, deflexed but not applied to the prosternum ; thorax truncate 
at base, closely fitting against the elytra ; prosternum truncate be- 
fore and behind, with the lateral sutures parallel; scutellum small, 
triangular; legs not contractile, claws broadly toothed. 

1511 (4717). Mastogenius sf/bcyanefs Lee, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, XI, 
1859, 254. 

Subcylindrical. Bluish-black, shining. Head with a lengthwise groove. 
Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly wider than elytra, convex, sides 
strongly rounded ; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and rather 
sparsely punctate. Elytra with a deep but narrow transverse impression 
at base, sides parallel, tips obtusely rounded. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

A single specimen taken by sweeping on University farm near 
Mitchell, Lawrence County. May 11. LeConte states that it oc- 
curs rarely on leaves and flowers in the Middle, Southern and West- 
ern States. 

Tribe IV. AGRILINL 

Small-sized, usually slender, though sometimes short, broad and 
flat species, having the body narrowed on apical third. Their chief 
structural characters are the front strongly narrowed by the inser- 
tion of antenna, then expanded, thus forming two diverging lobes ; 
front part of head vertical, the mouth inferior and applied to the 
prosternum in repose; thorax lobed at base, receiving the convex 
bases of the elytra; legs contractile; tarsal claws strongly toothed. 
Six genera are recognized as composing the tribe, four of which are 
known to be represented in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF AGRILINI. 

a. Antennae free, in repose not received in grooves on the under side of 
thorax. 

b. Hind tarsi with first joint scarcely elongated. Efpristocerfs. 
1)1). Hind tarsi with first joint as long as the three following. 

XIII. Agrilus. 

aa. Antennae received in grooves on under side of thorax near the margin. 

c. Scutellum small ; tibiae linear. 



796 FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTDXE. 

(L Body elongate ; prosternuni pointed behind. XIV. Taphroceetjs. 
(hi. Body broad, ovate ; prosternuni obtuse behind. XV. Brachys. 
cc. Scutellum large; body triangular; prosternuni very broad, almost 
truncate behind ; tibire dilated. XVI. Pachyscelus. 

E upristocj&rus cogdans Weber, head and thorax obscure supre- 
ous. elytra black, with crossbars of grayish hairs, length 8-9 mm., is 
known from the "Middle, Southern and Western States." 

XIII. Agrilus Steph. 1830. (Gr., "field.") 

Small, slender, elongate forms, having the prosternuni pointed 
behind ; the scutellum transverse and acuminate. The larva? live in 
slender stems and twigs of shrubs and trees, and often do much 
damage, especially to blackberry and raspberry canes. The genus 
has been monographed by 

Born. — -"The species of Agrilus of Boreal America," in Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc, XVIII. 1891. 277-336, PI. VTTT 

In this paper Horn recognizes 54 species. 18 of which have been 
taken in Indiana, while several others doubtless occur. On account 
of the large number of species the Indiana members of the genus 
are classed in three groups. 




Fig. 307. 1 ( Antenna of Agrilus egenus; 2, of A, imbellis; 3, of .4. obsoletoguttatus; 4, of .4. ra,lcJLs; 5, tarsal 
claws of A. rujicollis: 6, claws of .4. bilineatus, a, male; b, female; 7, claws of A lecontei, 
a, male; b, female. (After Horn.) 



KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA AGRILUS. 

a. Antennse serrate, beginning at the fourth joint. (Fig. 307. Nos. 3 and 4.) 
b. Tarsal claws cleft in such a manner that the lower portion is turned 
inward, nearly or quite touching that of the opposite side. (Fig. 307, 
No. 5.) Group A. 

bb. Tarsal claws simply cleft, or almost bifid, the lower portions not 
turned inward. (Fig. 307, Nos. 6 and 7.) Group B. 

aa. Antennae serrate, beginning at the fifth joint. (Fig. 307. Xos. 1 and 2.) 

Group C. 

Group A. 

Whenever the fourth joint of antenna? resembles the fifth more 
than it does the third (Fig. 307, Nos. 3 and 4), the species comes 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORIXG BEETLES. 



797 



under a of the above key. If the low er lobes of the tarsal claws are 
bent inward as shown in No. 5 of Fig 1 . 307, the insect belongs to 
Group A. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Prosternuin parallel between and behind the front coxae, the apex ob- 
tuse or truncate; thorax not impressed at middle, carina of hind an- 
gles distinct ; length 8 or more mm. 
6. Thorax without a white pubescent space on sides; tips of elytra 
evenly serrate. 1512. difficilis. 

hh. Thorax with elongate space of dense whitish pubescence on sides; 
tips of elytra ending in a short, sharp spine, unevenly serrate. 

1513. FERRIS I. 

an. Presternum gradually narrowing, the apex acute. 

c. Last dorsal segment carinate. the carina prolonged at tip ; length 5.5- 
7 mm. 

d. Front with a deep median furrow ; hind angles of thorax not cari- 

nate in either sex. 1514. ruficollis. 

dd. Front feebly impressed; hind angles of thorax slightly carinate in 
female only. lateralis. 
cc. Last dorsal segment not carinate. 

e. Male with inner apical angle of tibiae on all three pairs of legs 

terminating in a sharp incurved spine ; form slender ; length less 
than 5.5 mm. 

/. Antennae very slender with a fringe of long hairs on the outer 
side; color olive-bronze. ceinicobnis. 
ff. Antennae stouter, not pilose on the outer side ; front of head and 
sides of thorax greenish. 1515. otiosus. 

ee. Hind tibia? of males not terminating in a spine : head not or feebly 
impressed; length 5-9 mm. 
g. Males with a densely pubescent space on middle of prosternum : 
color uniform dull olive-green or slightly brassy. 

1516. MASCULINUS. 

gg. Males with prosternum but slightly pubescent; head and thorax 
brassy or slightly greenish. 1517. arcuatus. 

1512 ( 4725). Agrilus difficilis Gory. Mon. Buprest.. Supp.. 1837, 224. 
Elongate. Piceous with a greenish or cupreous lustre, metallic beneath ; 

abdomen with two rows of yellowish pubescent spots on each side, one row 
above the lateral suture and partly visible from above. Front flat, occiput 
slightly impressed. Thorax broader than long, sides slightly curved, disk 
with a feeble oblique depression on sides and another in front of scutellum : 
surface rather finely transversely strigose. punctate at apex ; hind angles 
with a rather strong curved carina. Elytra with tips rounded, finely toothed, 
basal fovea? feeble, disk with faint eosta\ surface with imbricated scales. 
Prosternal lobe rounded, acutely emarginate. Length 9-13 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. June 19— July 21. 

1513 ( ). Agrilus ferrisi Dury, Entom. News, XIX, 190S, 36S. 

Resembles difficiUs. Differs by having the front of head and sides of 

under surface densely covered with white, wool-like pubescence, that on ab- 



798 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDzE. 




Fig. 308. a, anal end of body of larva; b, larva; c, 
beetle. Lines show natural size. (After Riley.) 



domeii being in triangular spots on sides of ventral segments. Occiput with 
a more distinctly impressed median line. Elytra with an indistinct costa, 
between which and suture the surface is broadly grooved; tips ending in a 
short, sharp spine and unevenly toothed. Length 8-12 mm. 

Warren and Posey counties; scarce. June 9-July 23. Occurs 
only on the hackberry, CeUis Occident aUs L., in the twigs of Avhich 
the larvae bore. 

1514 (4721). Agkilus buficollis Fab., Ent. Syst, I, 1798, 214. 

Elongate. Black or bluish-black ; 
head and thorax usually bright cupre- 
ous. Occiput with a deep median fur- 
row, somewhat strigose. Thorax broad- 
er than long, apex slightly wider than 
base ; disk with a rather deep oblique 
depression on each side, and a feeble 
one in front of scutellum ; surface faint- 
ly strigose and rather densely punc- 
tate. Elytra a little broadened behind 
the middle, nearly concealing the sides 
of abdomen from above, tips rounded, 
distinctly serrulate ; disk flat a basal depression on each side; surface with- 
out trace of carina?, closely granulate. Prosternum obtusely lobed in front. 
Length 5.5-7 mm. (Fig. 308.) 

Throughout the State; common. May 18-July 22. Occurs on 
the foliage and stems of blackberry and raspberry bushes, in the 
canes of which the larvae bore, forming galls on some varieties. 
These should be cut out in winter and burned with the enclosed 
grub ; or the shoots made up to the first of July should be cut off at 
the surface, because in them the larvae of a new brood are con- 
tained. The shoots formed later in the season will be sufficient for 
the next year's crop of fruit. 

A. crmicomis Horn, length 4.4 mm., is known to occur in Ohio 
and Illinois; A. lateralis Say, head and thorax cupreous, elytra 
black, with slight bronzed lustre, length 6-7 mm., is known from 
New England, Illinois and Missouri. 

1515 (4724). Ageilus otiosus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 163; 

ibid. II, 597. 

Elongate, slender, male sometimes linear. Dull greenish or slightly 
cupreous ; front of head, sides of thorax, antennae and under surface usually 
bluish or greenish. Occiput with a slight impression ; lower part of front 
usually with dense whitish pubescence. Thorax a little wider than long; 
hind angles indistinctly carinate, male, or with a well defined carina, fe- 
male; disk with an oblique depression each side and two on median line, 
the hind one the larger ; surface transversely strigose with fine punctures 
between the wrinkles. Elytra with a vague costa from the humeri to be- 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



799 



hind the middle, between which they are slightly flattened; tips rounded, 
finely serrulate; basal depressions distinct, surface densely covered with 
scales. Prosternal lobe obtuse, faintly emarginate. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 13-August 13. Occurs 
especially on foliage of oak and hickory. 

1516 (10,112). Ageilus masculinus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 

1891, 295. 

Rather slender, more robust than otiosus. Dull green or slightly brassy, 
feebly shining ; antennae greenish. Occiput feebly impressed, male ; distinct- 
ly so, female; front densely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long, a 
little narrowed at base, side margin sinuate; hind angles with a distinct 
carina ; disk with an oblique depression on each side and two faint ones on 
median line; surface finely, transversely strigose, punctate. Elytra obtuse 
at apex, finely serrate; disk with an indistinct costa on each side; basal 
depressions shallow; surface with close scales. Prosternal lobe broadly and 
rather deeply emarginate. Length 6-7 mm. 

Kosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. May 23-June 8. Oc- 
curs on foliage of buckeye. 

1517 (4720). Ageilus arcuatus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, I, 1825, 251; 

ibid. I, 387 ; II, 596. 

Moderately elongate, rather robust. Dark olivaceous ; head and thorax 
brassy or cupreous; sometimes (var. coryli) the whole upper surface uni- 
form bright brassy. Front moderately impressed from occiput nearly to 
base of clypeus, coarsely and rather closely punctate. Thorax one-fourth 
wider than long, not narrowed at base; disk with two depressions on me- 
dian line and a large oblique one each side; hind angles with a curved 
carina, more distinct in female; surface transversely strigose with punc- 
tures in depressions. Elytra dilated behind the middle, tips separately 
rounded, finely serrulate, sutural edge elevated behind the middle; surface 
rather densely scaled. Prosternal lobe broadly emarginate. Length 5-9 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 23-July 21. Occurs on 
foliage of oak and other trees, usually along the margins of marshes 
and lakes; var. coryli on hazelnut. 

Group B. 

In this group the antennae are serrate as in Group A, but the 
tarsal claws are cleft or almost bifid, with the inner portion not re- 
curved. (Fig. 307, Nos. 6 and 7.) 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Last dorsal segment with a projecting carina. 

6. Front deeply impressed ; head and thorax coppery red, elytra black ; 
hind angles of thorax not carinate ; coxal plates not pubescent 

VITTATICOLUS. 

bb. Front convex or feebly impressed ; color uniform. 
[51—23402] 



800 



FAMILY XXXIX. — BFPRESTIDJE. 



c. Sides of thorax with yellowish pubescence ; elytra each with a yel- 
low pubescent stripe ; hind angles of thorax not carinate. 

1518. BILINEATFS. 

cc. Elytra without a yellow pubescent stripe. 

d. Elytra with more or less evident pubescent spots ; last ventral 
segment obtuse or truncate at tip ; first two ventrals of male 
grooved. graxulatfs. 
dd. Elytra without pubescent spaces 

e. Last ventral segment obtuse or truncate ; first and second ven- 
trals of male with a smooth deep groove. blaxchabdi. 
ee. Last ventral segment oval at tip. 

f. Hind angles of thorax carinate in both sexes ; first ventral 
of male broadly grooved. 1519. axxfus. 

ff. Hind angles of thorax not carinate ; first ventral of male 
nearly flat. 1520. acutipexxis. 

aa. Last dorsal segment without a projecting carina. 

g. Elytra without pubescent spaces; prosternal lobe truncate or feebly 
emarginate. 1521. politus. 

gg. Elytra with pubescent spaces. 

//. Prosternal lobe entire; middle pubescent space of elytra rounded. 

1522. FALLAX. 

lih. Prosternal lobe deeply emarginate; first joint of hind tarsi longer 
than half the tibiae ; middle pubescent space of elytra elongate. 

1523. OBSOLETOGUTTATUS. 

A. vittaticollis Kand.. length 8-9.5 mm., is said to occur from 
" Massachusetts westward to Illinois." 



1518 (4727). Agrietjs bflineatus Web. 




Obs. Ent. 1801, 74. 

Elongate, moderately robust. 
Above black, with often a slightly 
greenish tinge ; sides of thorax 
and a narrow stripe reaching 
from humerus to beyond middle 
of each elytron clothed with 
dense yellow pubescence ; beneath 
more shining and greenish. Tho- 
rax one-third wider than long, 
distinctly narrower at base ; sides 
nearly straight on apical half, 
sinuate near the hind angles, 
which are rectangular ; disk with 
a vague median and a short lat- 

Fig 399. rr. adult beetle; b antenna of same; 9, claws of j obUque impression each side, 

hind tarsi of female; cT , same of male; c, larva; a, pupa. (Ai- 1 1 

ter Chittenden.) finely transversely strigose-pime- 

tate. Elytra broadened behind the middle, tips rounded, serrulate : surface 
densely granulate. Prosternal lobe truncate in front. Length 6-9 mm. 
(Fig. 309.1 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 1-July 2. Occurs on 
oak. honev locust and chestnut. A handsome and easily recognized 




d 



species. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



801 



A. gramdatus Say, brassy-bronze, elytra each with two or three 
pubescent spots, length 7.5-9 mm., occurs from the New England 
States westward to Missouri; A. blanchardi Horn, olivaceous-bronze, 
length 9 mm., is known from Massachusetts, New York and Lake 
Superior, and may occur in northern Indiana. 



1519 (4739). Agbilus anxius Gory, Mon. Buprest. Suppl 

Elongate, moderately robust. Above olivaceous, 
bronzed, subopaque. Occiput with an impressed line; 
front roughly punctured somewhat strigose. Thorax 
one-third wider than long, not narrowed at base, sides 
regularly curved; disk with a vague median depres- 
sion, on each side of which in front of middle is often 
a circular fovea, also a moderate depression each 
side; surface indistinctly strigose punctate. Elytra 
slightly broader behind the middle, tips subacute, ser- 
rulate; disk slightly flattened, with a vague costa, 
sutural edge elevated behind the middle ; surface with 
close granulate scales. Prosternal lobe distinctly 
emarginate at middle. Length 7.5-11 mm. (Fig 
310.) 

■ ; : \ I 

Lake County; rare. " June 29-July 12. 



IV, 1887, 220. 




Fig. 310. Female. Bull. 18, 
Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agr. (After 
Chittenden.) 



1520 (4738). Agbilus acutipennis Mann., Bull. Mosc, 1837, 109. 
Elongate, moderately robust. Blue or bluish-black to olivaceous, feebly 

shining. Occiput with a median impressed line extending to middle of 
front. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, not narrowed at base, sides 
curved, hind angles not or very obtusely carinate ; disk with a vague median 
depression divided at middle; lateral depressions well marked; surface 
finely transversely strigose, with small punctures between the wrinkles. 
Elytra as in anxius. Prosternal lobe subtruncate or faintly emarginate. 
Second ventral of male with a deep median groove. Length 8-10 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 16. Occurs on oak. 

1521 (1742). Agbilus politus Say, Ann. Eye. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 251; ibid. 

I, 3S7; II, 596. 

Moderately elongate, subdepressed. Color variable from bright brassy to 
purplish or greenish, moderately shining. Antenna short, not reaching mid- 
dle of thorax. Occiput strigose and with a feeble median depression. Tho- 
rax one-third wider than long, sides slightly curved, hind angles feebly cari- 
nate; disk with two faint median impressions, the smaller one in front, 
rather coarsely, transversely strigose-punctate. Elytra dilated behind the 
middle, more notably in female, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly 
flattened, basal depressions feeble ; surface closely covered with granulate 
scales. First two ventral segments finely transversely strigose on the sides 
Front and middle tarsal claws of male cleft near apex, nearly bifid ; hind 
claws cleft at middle, forming a broad tooth. Length 5-8.5 mm 



802 FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDiE. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 24-August 11. Occurs 
on oak and willow. The short, robust antennae, lack of projecting 
carina of last dorsal segment and lack of pubescent spots on elytra 
are the principal distinguishing characters of this species. 

1522 (4731). Ageilus faixax Say. Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc, VI, 1836, 163; 

ibid. II, 596. 

Moderately elongate, 
slender. Dark olivaceous, 
often with a greenish tinge ; 
each elytron with three 
small round pubescent 
spots, one basal, one before 
the middle and one on api- 
cal third. Antennae long, 
slender, reaching hind an- 
gles of thorax. Occiput 
with a feeble median im- 
pression. Thorax very lit- 
tle wider than long, sides 
curved in front, slightly 
sinuate near hind angles, 
which are acutely rectangu- 
lar and with a sharply de- 
fined straight carina; disk 
with a vague median depression on basal half and two lateral depressions ; 
surface transversely strigose-punctate. Elytra gradually narrowed at ap- 
ical third, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly flattened with a vague 
costa each side. Length 4-6 mm. (Fig. 311, a.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent ; more so in the southern coun- 
ties. May 17-October 17. Occurs on locust and oak. 

1523 (4732). Ageiltjs obsoletoguttatus Gory, Monog. Buprest. IV, 1S37, 

256. 

Elongate, slender. Brassy black or dark olivaceous, feebly shining; 
each elytron with three pubescent spaces, the middle one elongate; often 
also a small spot on side near the end of the middle one. Front flat, with 
a depression at its upper part. Thorax very little wider than long, slightly 
narrowed at base, sides feebly curved, hind angles with a well defined 
straight carina ; disk with a median depression near apex, lateral depres- 
sions feeble; surface transversely strigose-punctate- Elytra as in fallaz. 
the basal impressions deeper. Length 6-8 mm. (Fig. 311. ~b.) 

Northern half of State, frequent: Perry County in the south. 
May 29-June 19. The greater length, elongate middle spot of 
elytra and notched front margin of presternum readily distinguish 
this species from fallax. 




Fig. 311. a, Elytral markings of A. jaHax;'b, same of A. dbsoleto- 
guttatus; c, same of lecontei. (After Horn.) 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



803 



Geoup C. 

In this group the fourth joint is slender and very similar to the 
third, the fifth broader (Fig. 307, Nos. 1 and 2). The species are, 
for the most part, smaller and more slender, rarely over 6 mm. in 
length. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Hind angles of thorax not at all carinate. 

1). Elytra with pubescent spots or spaces forming a distinct design ; 
length 4-4.5 mm, 1524. subctnctus. 

h~b. Elytra without pubescent spaces, vaguely costate; thorax transverse- 
ly strigose and punctate ; scutellum carinate ; length 3 mm. 

1525. PUTILLUS. 

a a. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate. 

c. Elytra with pubescent spots; lateral margin of thorax as seen from 
the side, sinuous; length 4.5-6 mm. 
a. Front convex, not impressed ; prosternal lobe deeply emarginate. 

1526. LECONTEI. 

dd. Front more or less concave and distinctly impressed; prosternal 
lobe very feebly emarginate; last dorsal segment without a 
carina ; head roughly strigose. 1527. addendus. 

cc. Elytra without pubescent spots ; lateral margin of thorax straight, 
deflexed only in front. 
e. Male with under surface distinctly pubescent, the first two ventral 
segments deeply channeled; thorax without lateral impressions. 

LACUSTRIS. 

ee. Male with first two ventral segments flat or feebly channeled, not 
pubescent ; length 3-5 mm. 
/. Antennae slender, joints longer than wide. 152S. egenus. 

//. Antennae shorter, the serrate joints wider than long; prosternal 
lobe emarginate. 1529. pusilltjs. 

1524 (4734). Agrilus subcinctus Gory, Mon. Buprest, IV, 1837, 252. 

Elongate-oblong, moderately robust. Piceous, with faint bronze lustre ; 
elytra with two yellowish pubescent spaces, one extending from humeri to 
middle, with two interruptions, then turning obliquely outwards; the sec- 
ond oblique, one-fourth from apex. Occiput strigose and with a deep me- 
dian impression. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides regularly curved ; 
disk with a rather broad but shallow median groove extending the full 
length and a well marked depression each side ; surface transversely stri- 
gose at middle, obliquely so on sides. Elytra somewhat dilated behind the 
middle, tips rounded and serrulate; disk slightly flattened with a vague 
costa, surface with coarse scales. Prosternal lobe broadly emarginate. 
Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Vermillion, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. May 30-July 
21. Taken by beating. 



804 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTIDJE. 



1525 (4748). Ageilus putillus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 

163 ; ibid. II, 597. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Dark olivaceous bronze, moderately shining. 
Antennae scarcely reaching the middle of thorax. Occiput with a feebly im- 
pressed line. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides regularly curved, 
hind angles rectangular ; disk with a feeble linear median impression, lat- 
eral depressions deep along the sides ; surface transversely strigose. punc- 
tured near apex. Elytra very little sinuate at middle, tips rounded, serru- 
late; disk slightly depressed at middle, basal foveas feeble; a shallow groove 
between the suture and a vague costa on each ; surface covered with scales, 
but not closely. Prosternal lobe truncate or slightly emarginate. Length 
3-4 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 3. Our smallest species. De- 
scribed from Posey County. 

1526 (4730). Ageills lecontei Saunders, Cat. Buprest., 1871, 117. 
Elongate, rather robust. Dull olivaceous bronze, sometimes slightly 

brassy; elytra with a space on each basal depression, an indistinct, broad 
curved band at middle and another on apical third, whitish pubescent. 
Thorax a little wider than long, sides feebly curved; disk with a deep me- 
dian depression composed of two foveas united by a groove, the lateral 
oblique depressions moderately deep ; surface coarsely punctate. Elytra 
slightly broadened behind the middle, tips together rounded, serrulate ; disk 
slightly depressed at middle with a vague costa each side; surface sub- 
granulate. Tarsal claws cleft at middle, forming a broad tooth. Length 
4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 311, p.) 

Lake, Vermillion, Marion and Knox counties; scarce. May 17- 

July 10. 

A. lacv.stris Lee, dark bronze, green or blue, length 4-7.5 mm., is 
known from Illinois, westward. 

1527 (4737). Ageilus addendus Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1S73, 95. 
Moderately robust. Dull coppery or olivaceous bronze, subopaque ; each 

elytron with three pubescent spots, as in faMatn, these sometimes very faint. 
Antenme reaching the middle of thorax. Head from above concave, a rather 
deep impression from the occiput to clypeus. Thorax a little wider than 
long, sides feebly curved and slightly sinuate in front of hind angles ; disk 
with a faint median and a moderately distinct lateral impression each side, 
closely transversely strigose. Elytra but slightly broadened behind the mid- 
dle, the tips rounded, feebly serrulate ; disk slightly flattened and with a 
vague channel each side of suture. Length 5-6 mm. 

Posey and Perry counties; scarce. April 21-May 31. Taken 
from peach trees in blossom and by sweeping herbage. A south- 
western form, described from Texas. 

1528 (4746). Ageilus egenus Gory, Mon. Buprest., IV, 1837, 258. 
Moderately elongate, rather slender. Olive bronze, sometimes greenish. 

Antennae reaching middle of thorax, the third joint shorter than fourth. 



THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



805 



Occiput strigose and with a feeble median impression. Thorax one-fourth 
wider than long, hind angles with a distinct, slightly oblique carina; disk 
without a median depression, those on sides well marked, transversely stri- 
gose with small punctures between the wrinkles. Elytra slightly broader 
behind the middle; tips rounded, serrulate; disk slightly depressed; sur- 
face with imbricate scales. Prosternal lobe truncate, more or less emargi- 
nate; tarsal claws broadly toothed. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 24-July 25. Occurs on 
foliage of various trees, especially the black locust, in which the 
larva? dwell. 

1529 (4724a). Agrilus pusillus Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 252; 

ibid. I, 388. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Head and thorax brassy or bronzed; 
elytra purplish-black. Antennae reaching middle of thorax. Occiput with 
a feeble median impression. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, slightly 
narrowed at base ; sides curved in front, slightly sinuate near hind angles, 
which are distinctly carinate ; disk with a broad transverse depression in 
front of base, so that when viewed from the side the front half is more 
convex; lateral depressions moderate ; surface coarsely transversely strigose 
with coarse punctures between the wrinkles. Elytra distinctly dilated be- 
hind the middle; disk with a vague costa on each side and concave each 
side of suture ; surface with sparse, smooth scales. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Vermillion, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. June 8-July 7. 

XIV. Taphrocerus Sol. 1833. (Gr., "pit + horn.") 

In this and the remaining genera of the family the under side of 
the thorax is deeply grooved near the margin for the reception of 
the antennae in repose ; the legs very retractile, the tibiae being usu- 
ally sulcate for the reception of the tarsi, which are short. In 
. Taphrocerus the body is elongate and the presternum narrow and 
pointed behind. 

1530 (4755). Taphrocerus gracilis Say, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I, 1825, 

253 ; ibid. I, 389 ; II, 599. 
Elongate-oblong, strongly tapering on apical third. Blackish-bronzed, 
shining. Occiput with a broad but shallow median depression. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, very uneven, a transverse, slightly impressed line 
near apex and a triangular indented space on each side of basal half; sur- 
face very finely and densely punctate and with scattered shallow punctures 
of much larger size. Elytra with sides strongly sinuate ; disk with rows 
of rather large deeply impressed punctures which become obsolete on apical 
third; usually with vague patches of whitish pubescence arranged in two 
crossbars on apical half. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 6-August 21 ; mating on 
May 21. Occurs on the flowers and leaves of the button bush. 
Qephalanthus occidentalis'L.. and on herbs in low, wet places. 



S'06 



FAMILY XXXIX. BUPRESTID/E. 



XV. BrachysSoI. 1833. (Gr., " short"). 

In this genus the body is broadly ovate and snbdepressed ; the 
prosternnm obtuse behind. Five species are listed from the United 
States, three of which have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BBACHYS. 

a. Larger, 5-6.5 mm. ; pubescence of elytra white and reddish-yellow, ar- 
ranged in three sinuous crossbars ; last ventral segment truncate. 

1531. OVATA. 

aa. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm. ; last ventral segment rounded. 

6. Pubescence of elytra mostly fulvous or reddish-yellow, that on apical 
third more dense than elsewhere. 1532. jerosa. 

b~b. Pubescence of elytra mostly whitish and arranged as in ovata, that 
on apical third not more dense than in middle crossbar. 

1533. ^RTJGINOSA. 

1531 (4758). Brachys ovata Web., Obs. Ent, 1801, 76. 

Broadly ovate, obtusely triangular in front, narrowed 

behind. Blackish or purplish-bronzed, head and thorax 
sparsely, elytra more densely clothed with prostrate 
hairs; those on elytra in three irregular bands, one sub- 
basal, one median and one subapical; the latter forming 
two crescents ; the outer hairs in each band usually white. 
Occiput and front with a broad and shallow median 
groove. Thorax more than twice as broad as long, finely 
and densely punctate. Elytra with widely separated rows 
of shallowly impressed punctures, and each with a sin- 
(Originai.) uous raised line or narrow carina extending from hu- 
merus almost to apex. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Pig. 312.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 16-July 13. Occurs on 
oak, in the leaves of which the larvae dwell. 

1532 (4761). Brachys serosa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 

148. 

Resembles ovata in form and distinguished mainly by the characters 
given in key. On the apical third of elytra the pubescence covers the en- 
tire surface and is orange red or fulvous at center and yellowish on the 
edge. The punctures of elytra are more numerous and irregularly placed. 
Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; less so in the southern counties. 
May 16-June 18. Occurs on oak. hickory and elm. 

1533 (4762). Brachys aeruginosa Gory, Mon. Buprest, IV, 1837, 335. 
Differs- from wrosa only in its smaller size and in the arrangement and 

color of the pubescence. That of elytra is in irregular, sinuate transverse 
bands as in ovata, and is mostly whitish-yellow in hue. That on head and 
thorax is shorter and more sparse. Punctures of elytra less numerous. 
Length 3.5^1 mm. 




THE METALLIC WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



807 



Starke, Pulaski and Marshall counties; rare. June 11-June 19. 
Beaten from foliage of oak. 

XVI. Pachysoelus Sol. 1833. (Gr., " thick + leg.") 

This genus is distinguished from Brachys by the characters given 
in generic key. Of the four species known from the United States, 
two have been taken in Indiana. 

1534 (4764). Pachysceltjs ptjbpubeus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, VI, 

1836, 364; ibid. II, 599. 

Orate or triangular, subconvex. Head and thorax black, shining; ely- 
tra purple. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides broadly curved, 
disk without depressions; surface with a number of large shallow dis- 
coidal punctures, more numerous near hind angles. Elytra each indented 
at middle of base and behind the humerus; surface with rows of large, 
feebly impressed punctures, which become obsolete towards the tips. Ab- 
domen with a deep marginal groove ; last segment rounded, not serrate on 
edge. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake. Marshall and Starke counties ; rare. June 11- July 4. De- 
scribed from Posey County. Beaten from vegetation in marshy 
places. The larvae live in the leaves of the bush clover (Lespedeza). 

1535 (4766). Pachysceltjs LuEVigattjs Say. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.. I, 1825, 

252 ; ibid. I, 3SS ; II, 598. 
Broadly ovate. Black, shining. Thorax twice as wide as long; sides 
less curved: disk with a depression each side, punctured as in purpureas. 
Elytra with sides more rounded, less attenuate behind the middle ; surface 
irregularly and shallowly punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. June 2-August 11. Mating 
June 11. Occurs on the foliage of the black gum and the flowers 
of black haw. milk- weed, etc. 

Family XL. LAMPYRIDiE. 

The Fireflies or Lightning Bugs. 

The firefly in June-time doth glow at eventide. In central Indi- 
ana, during the dusk of the last days of May or first week in June, 
the signal lamps of these curiously formed beetles begin to appear. 
A fortnight later they are here by myriads, illumining by their 
flashes of light the gloom that overhangs low. moist meadows and the 
darker spots along the banks of streams and ponds or the borders of 
woodlands. Silently and slowly they wing their way. lighting their 
signals every few seconds in order to attract unto themselves another 
of their kind, or as an incitement to rivalry amongst the males when 
both sexes are winged. 



808 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRIDiE. 



The fireflies are medium or small-sized, elongate or oblong, , 
beetles of soft structured mostly plain black or brownish in color 
and often having the thorax bordered with red or yellow and ex- 
panding into a thin projecting margin which, in many species, 
covers the head. They have the maxillae exposed at the base and 
bearing two ciliate lobes, the inner of which is sometimes obsolete; 
antenme serrate, usually 11-jointed and inserted on the front ; elytra 
thin, flexible, sometimes short and never strongly embracing the 
sides of abdomen, the latter with seven or eight free ventral seg- 
ments; front coxal cavities large, transverse, the coxa? conical, with 
large trochantins ; middle coxa? oblique, usually contiguous ; hind 
coxa? transverse and prominent; legs long, slender, often com- 
pressed; tarsi 5- jointed, not lobed beneath, the fourth joint more or 
less bilobed. 

The name ' 'Lampyrida?" is derived from a Greek word meaning 
''to shine," and refers to the property above mentioned which many 
of the larger forms possess, viz., that of emitting a phosphorescent 
or luminous glow. This light-giving apparatus is located on the 
under side of one or more segments of the abdomen and is com- 
posed of a specialized portion of fatty tissue, situated directly under 
the soft chitinous cover and thickly supplied with nerves and fine 
tracheal branches. ' £ The cells of this luminous organ secrete, under 
the control of the nervous system, a substance which is burnt dur- 
ing the appearance of the light ; this combustion takes place by 
means of the oxygen of the air conveyed to the cells of the luminous 
body by the trachea?, which branch profusely in it and break up 
into capillaries." The burning takes place without producing 
sensible heat, is controlled by the will of the insect and is intermit- 
tent, being exhibited by flashes. It is a vital phenomenon and 
ceases after death, but the luminous segments can be recognized in 
dried specimens by their yellow hue. 

That the light-giving power is of especial importance to the true 
fireflies, which all belong to the subfamily I.ampyrina?, is shown by 
the fact that they usually have the eyes largely developed, and that 
they are nocturnal insects, being sluggish by day, when they rest 
upon the ground, the trunks of tree^ or the foliage of herbs or 
grasses. The property of emitting light is possessed both by the 
perfect insect and the larva?, the latter, as well as the wingless 
females of certain species, being known as "glow-worms." Those 
belonging to the other subfamilies are diurnal in habit and are 
usually found upon flowers or running actively about over leaves in 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



809 



search of their prey. All are for the most part carnivorous in 
diet, especially in the larval stage, feeding mostly upon small 
worms, larva? of other insects, and snails, and are therefore to be 
considered among our more beneficial beetles. The larva? are elon- 
gated, flattened, usually a little tapering toward each end, of a 
tough or leathery texture and often clothed with short hairs. They 
are furnished with sharp, slender projecting jaws with which they 
seize their prey. They occur usually beneath rubbish on the ground, 
or under the bark of logs and dead trees, where they lie -in wait for 
small wood-eating larva 1 . 

The principal literature treating of the North American species 
of the family is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Lampyridcs of Temperate North 

America," in Proe. Phil. Acad. Sci., V, 1851, 331-347. 
LeConte. — ' ' Synopsis of the Lampyridse of the IT. S.," in Trans. 

Amer. Entom. Soc, IX, 1881, 35-72. 
Nearly 1,500 species of LampyrMse are known, about 230 of 
which, distributed among 42 genera, are from the United States. 
Of these, 68 species, belonging to 25 genera, have been taken in In- 
diana. For convenience the family is divided into three subfam- 
ilies, all of which are represented in the State. 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF LAMPYRID.F. 

a. Middle coxaa separated ; elytra for the most part reticulate ; epipleura 
wanting ; abdomen without phosphorescent organs. 

Subfamily I. Lycin.e, p. 809. 
aa. Middle coxae contiguous; elytra not reticulate; epipleura distinct. 

&. Head nearly or quite covered by the thorax ; episterna of metathorax 
sinuate on the inner side; epipleura usually wide at the base of 
the elytra ; phosphorescent organs usually present. 

Subfamily II. Lampyrin.e, p. 816. 
Head wholly uncovered by the thorax ; episterna of metathorax not 
sinuate on the inner side; epipleura narrow at the base; phos- 
phorescent organs absent. Subfamily III. Tele piiortn.e, p. 825. 

Subfamily L LYCINAE. 
The members of this subfamily are diurnal and occur usually on 
the leaves and flowers of plants, where they seek insect food. They 
have the epipleura reduced to a narrow thickened marginal line, 
and the middle coxa- rather widely separated by the mesosternum. 
The elytra are usually costate and coarsely reticulate, with fine 
elevated lines forming a coarse network. The head is sometimes 
prolonged in front of the eyes into a long, narrow beak. To the 



810 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRIDJE. 



subfamily belong eleven genera, five of which are represented in the 
collection at hand, while members of three others probably occur 
within the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LYCTNiE. 

a. Under side of thorax (except in Ccenia) with a prominent tubular spira- 
cle behind and at the outer extremity of the front coxa?. 
1). Front prolonged into a beak; mouth anterior; antennae with third 
joint scarcely as long as fourth. Lycostomvs. 
&&. Front swollen between the antennae, the beak wanting; mouth de- 
flexed, inferior. 

c. Antenna? much compressed. I. Calopteron. 

cc. Antennae pectinate. 

d. Intervals of elytra with double rows of coarse quadrate reticu- 
lations; spiracle of thorax not tubular and prominent. 

Ccenia. 

dd. Intervals with single rows of quadrate impressions; spiracle of 
thorax prominent. II- Celetes. 

aa. Under side of thorax without a prominent tubular spiracle. 
e. Elytra costate, cross-barred or reticulate. 

/. Disk of thorax strongly carinate, its sides also divided by an 
oblique ridge from the hind angles. Lopheros. 
ff. Disk of thorax scarcely or not carinate. 

g. Thorax many celled, the sides divided by a strong transverse 
ridge. HI- Eros. 

gg. Thorax without distinct cells, feebly channeled behind the mid- 
dle, its sides not divided by a transverse ridge. 

IV. Plateros. 

ee. Elytra substriate, not costate or cross-barred ; beak short and broad ; 
thorax with thickened sides and short oblique ridges. 

V. Calochromtjs. 

Lycostomus lateralis Melsh., black, apex and sides of thorax and 
sides of elytra as far as middle, dull yellow, length 8-10 mm., has 
been recorded from near Cincinnati. 

I Calopteron Guer. 1830. (Gr.. " beautiful + wing.") 

This genus comprises our largest species of the family. In them 
the elytra gradually widen from base to apex and are each marked 
by six costa? with rows of transverse cells in the intervals. The an- 
tennas are long and strongly compressed, with the outer joints fre- 
quently broader than the others. Disk of thorax rather strongly 
carinate. the sides reflexed. Two species are known from Indiana. 

1536 (4775). Calopteron terminals Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 
1823, 178 ; ibid. I, 45, pi. 21. 
Elongate, triangular, depressed. Black, sides of thorax and basal two- 
thirds of elytra yellow; apical third of elytra purplish-black. Thorax 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



811 



small, not longer than wide; elytra and wings extending much beyond the 
end of abdomen, the former about four times wider near apex than at 
base. Length 11-17 mm. 

Throughout the State, but scarce. August 6-October 23. Oc- 
curs on foliage of plants usually near water. 

1537 (4776). Calopteeon reticulatum Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 203. 
Resembles in form the preceding, but usually more 

slender. Elytra dull yellow, with a broad black trans- 
verse band just in front of the middle, which sometimes 
extends along suture to base, and another on apical 
third. Elytra but three times wider near apex than at 
base, their first and third eostse finer and less elevated 
than second and fourth. Length 11-19 mm. (Fig. 313.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 31-No- 
vember 30. Occurs on flowers of wild hydrangea, Fig 31 g x 1}> 
goldenrod, and leaves of various shrubs. The (After Knobei.) 
specimen taken on November 30 was found beneath a piece of rail 
in a fence corner, where it was evidently attempting to hibernate. 

Ccenia dimidiata Fabr., black, sides of thorax and front half of 
elytra, except scutellar black spot, dull yellow, length 10 mm., is 
said to occur in the "Atlantic region." 

II. CELETEsNewm. 1838. (Gr., "a swelling.") 

Represented in the Atlantic region of the United States by a 
single species having joints four to ten of antennae each with a long 
basal process in the male or shorter and broadly triangular with 
acute angle in the female. Elytra gradually becoming twice as 
wide behind as at base ; each with six acutely elevated costse, with a 
single row of quadrate cells in each interval. 

1538 (4779). Celetes basalis Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1847, 76. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black or piceous; sides of thorax and line 

along humerus on basal half of each elytron dull yellow; base of femora 
yellowish. Thorax variable in size and form, the disk strongly carinate, 
the sides refiexed. Length 6-8.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 15. Taken from the foliage of the 
thorn or honey locust. 

Lopheros f rat emus Rand., black, thorax with a large orange 
spot behind middle, length 9-11 mm,, has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati. 




812 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYEIDJE. 



III. Ekos Newm. 1838. (Gr.. "the God of love.") 

The species of this genus are of medium size and have the last 
joint of maxillary palpus longer than the preceding, and acute at 
tip ; antennae moderately compressed, with the second joint at least 
half as long as third, which is not longer than fourth. Elytra 
never widely dilated behind, the intervals usually with double rows 
of small quadrate depressions. Ten species of Eros are listed from 
the United States, six of which have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EEOS. 

a. Thorax with five well defined cells, the median one rhombic, not cari- 
nate. 

b. Upper surface black ; humeral spot on elytra and sides of thorax 
dull yellow. 1539. thokacicus. 

1)1). Upper surface scarlet. 

c. Under surface of body black. 1540. atjkoka. 

cc. Under surface red. 1541. mundtjs. 

aa. Thorax with six cells, sometimes ill defined; the middle one of front 
row more or less carinate. 
d. Head strongly margined in front of antenna ; front middle cell of 
thorax with sides distinct. 1542. scvlptilis. 

dd. Head not margined before the antenna?; front middle cell of thorax 
with sides indistinct or wanting. 
e. Base of elytra and each side of thorax yellowish ; transverse 
carina? between the front and hind rows of cells strong, sinuate. 

1543. htjmeralis. 

ce. Elytra wholly black or piceous; transverse carina? separating the 
front and hind rows of cells indistinct at middle. 

1544. TKILIXEATUS. 

1539 (4783). Ebos thokacicus Rand.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. II. 1S3S. 14. 
Elongate-oblong, depressed. Black ; sides of thorax and humeral spot 

on elytra dull reddish-yellow. Antenna? with elongate slender joints, the 
second and third together about equal to the fourth. Length 5-8 mm. 

Yigo County; rare. May 31. Beaten from foliage of elm. 

1540 (4787). Ekos auroba Herbst., Nat. Insect.. 1789. 

Elongate, depressed. Head, antenna? and under surface black or pic- 
eous; thorax and elytra bright scarlet, the depressions of the former and 
the scutellum dusky. Thorax with two elevated lines, distant in the mid- 
dle and meeting on the front and hind edges, enclosing a rhomboidal cell : 
also with two cells on each side. Length 7-11 mm. 

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. September 22-Xovember 4. 

Those taken in Vigo County were found in dry upland woods 
beneath logs which had been partially burned, three beneath one 
log, six beneath another. They feigned death when the logs were 
overturned, 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



813 



1541 (4788). Eros mundus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. I Msi.. I. L835, 155 ; ibid. 

II, 633. 

Resembles the preceding but much smaller and with under side of 
body red or scarlet; antennae black, the two basal joints scarlet; ventral 
segments and tarsi often dusky. Length 6 mm. 

A species of southern range described by Say from Posey 
County. Taken by Bury near Cincinnati ; not represented in the 
collection at hand. 

1542 (4789). Eros sctlptilis Say. loc. cit. 150; ibid. IT, G33. 
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Black 

or piceous ; thorax reddish-yellow, usually 
with a blackish spot on disk. Antennas elon- 
gate, slender, third joint but little shorter 
than fourth, second minute, about one-third 
the length of third. Front middle cell of tho- 
rax quadrate, carinate ; hind middle cell nar- 
row. Elytra each with four strong discal 
costaa; the lateral edge and sutural line 
raised ; intervals each with a double row of 
alternating irregular cells. Length 5-7 mm. 
(Fig. 314.) 

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. 
June 3- June 22. Beaten from leaves of Fig. 3i4. (Original.) 

hickory and iron weed. 

1543 (4790). Eros humeralis Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 111. 

Resembles thoracicus in color, but distinguished by having six cells 
on thorax, the middle front one with sides indistinct but with a strong 
central carina ; hind middle cell narrow like a channel ; second joint of an- 
tenna? more than half as long as third. Length 8-10 mm. 

Lake. Kosciusko and Posey counties: rare. May 2 8- June 3. 
Described by Say from Posey County under the specific name 
obJiquus. 

1544 (4791). Eros trilixeatus Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 

1845, 303. 

Elongate-oblong, depressed. Black or piceous. often with a rusty or 
reddish-brown tinge; sides of thorax dull yellow. Walls of front row of 
thoracic cells obliterated, only the median carina remaining ; hind row of 
cells consisting of a very narrow median and two large lateral ones, the 
latter defined in front by the usual oblique transverse ridge, which is not 
complete. Elytra each with three costa?; the lateral edge and suture raised, 
the usual first costa of disk indistinct ; intervals each with a double row 
of quadrate cells. Length 5-7.5 mm. 

Jackson. Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. June 24- 
July 20. 




814 



FAMILY XL.— LAMPYRID^E. 



IV. Plateros Bourg. 1879. (Gr., " broad + Eros.") 

In this genus the sides of thorax are strongly reflexed ; the disk 
without the transverse ridge seen in Eros, and consequently with- 
out cells. The elytra have nine narrow and usually equal slightly 
elevated lines, separated by rows of line quadrate cells. Sometimes 
the alternate lines are a little stronger, so that the elytra become 
feebly 4-costate. The species are very difficult to separate. Eight 
are known from the United States, five of which have been taken in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PLATEROS. 

a. Antennae broad, not strongly serrate. 

6. Elytra with alternate lines distinctly more elevated, the intermediate 
ones very feeble. 1545. modestus. 

bb. Elytra with all the lines equal or nearly so. 

c. Thorax with a small notch at middle of base, the discal black spot 
with a pale margin on all sides. 1546. sollicitus. 

cc. Thorax not notched at base, the discal spot reaching the base and 
usually the apex. 

d. Median impressed line of thorax distinct, reaching from base to 
middle. 1547. canaliculatus. 

dd. Median impressed line of thorax obsolete, represented only by 
a small roundish impression in front of scutellum ; antennae 
shorter ; form more narrow. 1548. floralis. 

aa. Antennae strongly serrate; thorax with a median impressed line on 
basal third. 1549. lictor. 

1545 (4794). Plateros modestus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 153; 

ibid. II, 631. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Black, sides and apical margin of tho- 
rax reddish-yellow. Third joint of antennae one-half the length of fourth, 
the second much smaller. Thorax with sides strongly elevated, apex 
rounded, hind angles somewhat prolonged. Elytra as mentioned in key, 
the more elevated lines with two rows of cells in intervals, these rows 
separated by the finer lines. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Crawford Connty; rare. June 8. A broader species than those 
which follow. 

1546 (4796). Plateros sollicitus Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 2d 

Ed., I, 1847, 83. 

Elongate, subdepressed, narrower than canaliculatus. Dull black ; tho- 
rax reddish-yellow, with a large square, central, shining black spot. Tho- 
rax with sides strongly reflexed, the median impressed line extending from 
base to beyond middle, deepest on middle third. Elytra with well marked 
equal intervals and strongly cross-barred interspaces. Antennae of male 
long, the fourth joint twice as long as third, fifth twice as long as wide, 
outer ones narrower, with angles acute. Antennae of female shorter, sev- 
enth joint twice as long as wide. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Starke County ; scarce. Jnly 27. The thorax is narrower, with 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



815 



apex much more rounded' and hind angles less prominent than in 
the next. 

1547 (4795). Plateros canaliculatus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 

1835, 154 ; ibid. II, 632. 
Elongate, depressed. Black ; thorax with yellowish side margins ; ely- 
tra with humeri sometimes reddish-yellow. Thorax with a narrow basal 
channel extending almost to middle. Second joint of antennae minute, third 
half the length of fourth. Length 5-8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 10-July 27. Occurs on 
leaves of milkweed and various shrubs. 

1548 (4798). Plateros floralis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1845, 302. 

Elongate, slender. Black, the side margins of thorax broadly yellow. 
Antenna? compressed, shorter and much less serrate than in Victor. Tho- 
rax with apex more broadly rounded and sides straighter than in the next. 
Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 2-August 11. Beaten 
from vegetation. 

1549 (4797). Plateros lictor Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 382. 
Elongate, more slender than the preceding, with which it agrees in 

color. Antennae of male long, strongly serrate, third joint triangular, as 
wide as long, fourth longer, not wider; those of female broader, less ser- 
rate. Thorax subpentagonal, with the front margin raised and less broadly 
rounded; the disk with an elongate channel on basal half, this extending 
to middle in male, shorter and broader in female. Elytra with well marked 
equal lines and more finely cross-barred interspaces. Length 5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 30-July 15. 

V. Calochromus Guer. 1833. (Gh\, "beautiful + color.") 

This genus is mainly distinguished by the pubescent velvety 
surface and feebly striate, not reticulate, elytra. They have the 
head ending in a short, broad beak; antennae rather widely sepa- 
rated, subserrate, with joints thicker and less compressed; thorax 
with an entire median groove, toward which a short, oblique ridge 
runs from the middle of the thickened margin. 

1550 (4805). Calochromus perfacetus Say, Amer. Entom., II, 1825, 46; 
ibid. I, 46, pi. 21. 

Elongate, depressed. Black, velvety with fine pubes- 
cence; sides of thorax broadly reddish-yellow. Antennae 
with second joint one-third the length of third, the latter as 
long but not as wide as fourth. Side margin of thorax im- 
pressed at the middle, the basal lateral impressions deep. 
Middle and hind tibiae curved. Length 6.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 

. v ° big. Slo. X 2. 

315. ) (After Knobel.) 

[52—23402] 




816 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRID^E. 



Putnam and Gibson counties; rare. July 1-Septeniber 1. 
Beaten from flowers of the linden, Tilia americana L. 

Subfamily II. LAMPYRINAE. 

The members of this subfamily have the middle coxae contiguous 
and the epipleura? wide at the base of elytra. They are divided 
into two tribes, both represented in the State. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF LAMPYRINI. 

a. Head more or less concealed beneath the thorax; antennae usually ap- 
proximate at base ; epimera of metathorax long. 

Tribe I. Lampyrini, p. 816. 
aa. Head exposed; antennae widely separated at base; epimera of metatho- 
rax wide. Tribe II. Phengodini. p. 824. 

Tribe I. LAMPYRINI. 

To this tribe belong our true fireflies, most genera possessing a 
light-giving apparatus on the hind abdominal segments. The head 
is deeply immersed in the thorax, the edges of which are usually 
expanded into a wide, thin margin. The tribe is separated into 
twelve genera, representatives of eight of which have been taken in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LAMPYRINI. 

a. Antennae with second joint small, usually transverse; head completely 
covered by thorax. 
b. Antennae bipectinate, somewhat distant at base, last joint simple ; 
margins of thorax not flattened. VI. Polyclasis. 

1)1). Antennae not pectinate, approximate at base. 
c. Last joint of antennae elongate, simple. 
(1. Eyes small ; light organs feeble ; ventral segments without stigma- 
like pores. 

e. Antennae very much compressed, not serrate ; second joint very 
short, transverse. VII. Lttcidota. 

ee. Antennae with second joint one-half as long as third, or near- 
ly so. 

/. Last dorsal segment of male rounded ; light organs wanting. 

VIII. Ellychnia. 
ff. Last dorsal segment of male Insinuate and truncate. 

IX. Pyropyga. 

dd. Eyes large, but larger in male than female; light organs well 
developed; male with strongly marked stigma-like pores. 
g. Thorax subcarinate ; female with light organs on the sides of 
abdomen. X. Pyractomena. 

gg. Thorax not carinate, frequently grooved; female with light 
organs on the middle of abdomen. XL Photinus. 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



817 



cc. Last joint of antennae bearing a small, jointed, needle-shaped ap- 
pendage ; female with short elytra. XII. Lampbohiza. 
aa. Antennae with second joint not transverse; head exserted, narrowed be- 
hind the eyes. XIII. Photubis. 

VI. Polyclasis Newm. 1838. (Gr.. ''many + branches.'') 

Antenna? moderately separated at base, and strongly bipectinate 
from the third to tenth joint in the male, less so in female ; second 
joint small, third not shorter than fourth. The two processes 
spring from the base of the joints in male and from the middle of 
the sides in female. One species occurs in the eastern United 
States. 

1551 (4809). Polyclasis bifaria Say. Bost. Jonrn. Nat. Hist, I. 1S35, 157; 

ibid. II, 635. 

Elongate-oval, densely and roughly punctured. Black; thorax with 
sides and apex reddish-yellow and with a median impressed line. Male 
with seventh and eighth ventral segments dull yellow, seventh with a small 
triangular notch, eighth narrow, parallel. Female with sixth and seventh 
segments yellowish, the seventh triangular, rounded behind. Length 9- 
10 mm. 

Marshall and Crawford counties; scarce. -June 2-June 15. Oc- 
curs on trunks of trees in upland woods. 

VII. Lucidota Cast. 1833. (L., ''shining.") 

This genus and the next four are grouped by LeConte under 
the name Pkotini. All five genera have the head covered by the 
hood-like thorax. The elytra vary in color, but in all our species 
without well developed light organs they are black. Of the group 
he says: "There are in many families of Coleoptera strong resem- 
blances between species of different genera, but I know of none 
more deceptive than those presented by this group of Pkotini. The 
inexperienced student should, therefore, always ascertain the genus 
to which his specimen belongs before attempting its specific deter- 
mination." The genus Lucidota is easily known by the very 
broadly compressed antennas which are not serrate, but gradually 
narrowed externally, with the second joint very short and trans- 
verse. The light organs are feebly developed and indicated by yel- 
low spots on the last ventral of the female or last two ventrals of 
male. The two species belonging to it are diurnal and frequent 
shady places. 

1552 (4810). Lucidota atra Fab.. Ent. Syst.. I. 1798. 101. 
Elongate-oblong, depressed. Black, sides and apex of thorax dull yel- 
low, with a reddish or orange spot next the black median space. Thorax 



818 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYEIDiE. 



triangular, the apex rounded. Elytra finely granulate, with four or five 
longitudinal, slightly raised lines, which are abbreviated on apical third. 
Length 8-11 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. June 4-July 7. Occurs on 
low herbage and trunks of trees in woods. Also often noted in 
flight. When captured it exudes from the joints of the legs and 
sides of abdomen a milky fluid having a disagreeable odor. 

1553 (4811). Lucidota punctata Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851, 

333. 

Oblong, narrow, subdepressed. Black, opaque, sparsely clothed with 
grayish pubescence ; thorax with dorsal spot and basal margin black, the 
spot often almost disconnected from the base, and with a reddish or orange 
spot each side; hind angles usually dusky. Elytra coarsely granulate-punc- 
tate. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. Probably throughout the State. June 
25. Taken by sweeping low-ground herbage. 

VIII. Ellychnia Lec. 1851. (Gr., "a lamp-wick.") 

Antenna? narrow, strongly compressed, with the second joint 
but little wider than long and about one-third as long as third, 
which is not longer than fourth; dorsal segments not acutely lobed 
at sides and, except the next to last, not produced backwards. The 
light organs are lacking and the species therefore diurnal. Two 
species and one variety occur in Indiana. 

1554 (4815). Ellychnia cobbusca Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, II, 1785, 644. 

Oblong-oval. Black or rusty black ; thorax with disk 
and side margins black ; between these is a reddish and yel- 
low space or line. Third joint of antenna^ longer than wide. 
Thorax semi-oval, its apex regularly rounded. Elytra finely 
granulate and thinly covered with a fine, prostrate yellowish 
pubescence ; each with three or four rather indistinct costse. 
Length 10-14 mm. (Fig. 316.) 
Fig. 316. x if. Throughout the State ; common. April 1-October 

(After Knobel.) . . ' ■ ^ 

21. Occurs m spring on trunks of trees in open wood- 
land, especially on those of maple at or near flowing sap ; in au- 
tumn on flowers of goldenrod and asters. Noted mating on April 
26 and May 28. 

1554a (4815a). Ellychnia cobbusc a autumnalis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., II, 1845, 303. 
Much smaller and relatively broader than corriisca. More brownish 
in hue and with the raised lines of elytra almost obsolete. Length 7-7.5 mm. 




THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



819 



A well-marked variety of corrusca taken by Wolcott near 
Clarke, Lake County, and by myself in Steuben County; scarce. 
May 25-June 12. 

1555 (4815b). Ellychnia lacustris Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 334. 

Elongate-oblong, narrow, parallel. Dull sooty-black. Thorax semi- 
elliptical, its edges only indistinctly paler and sparsely punctate. Elytra 
finely granulate, with one costa only fairly distinct, the others obsolete. 
Length 5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 2. Smaller and much narrower than 
autumnalis and probably a distinct species, though classed as a 
variety of corrusca by LeConte in his Synopsis. A northern form 
described from the Lake Superior region. 

IX. Pyropyga Mots. 1853. (Gr.. " fire 4 rump.") 

Rather narrow forms, having the antennae moderately wide and 
compressed, with second joint transverse, one-third as long as third, 
the latter in our species longer than fourth ; last dorsal segment in 
both sexes broadly truncate with rounded angles ; segments lobed at 
the sides, with the angles but feebly produced backwards ; light 
organs but slightly developed. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PYROPYGA. 

a. Thorax with black disk and narrow piceous or dusky edges. 

b. Elytra costate ; length 6.5-8 mm. 1556. fenestralis. 

6&. Elytra not costate; length 4.5-6 mm. 1557. nigricans. 

a a. Thorax with black disk and reddish-yellow sides. 155S. decipiens. 

1556 (4817). Pyropyga fenestralis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1845, 304. 

Elongate-oval, slender. Black or blackish-brown ; thorax with a large 
reddish-yellow subtriangular space on each side of the black central disk. 
Elytra finely granulate and with two or three rather indistinct costa?. Length 
6.5-8 mm. 

Laporte. Steuben. Marshall and Yigo counties; frequent. June 
ID-August IT. Taken by sweeping grass and low herbage, usually 
in moist meadows. 

1557 (4818). Pyropyga nigricans Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 179 ; ibid. II, 116. 
Resembles the preceding in form and in color of thorax. Differs mainly 
in its smaller size and lack of raised lines on elytra. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Steuben. Starke and Marshall counties ; frequent about tam- 
arack marshes. June 17-JuIy 15. 



820 



FAMILY XTi. I , A iJ P Y RT . 



1558 (4S20). Pybopyga decipiens Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc, 1S36, 74. 
Elongate-oval. Black or rusty black ; thorax with a wide pale reddish- 
yellow margin. Antennae less slender than in the other two species, the 
joints one-half longer than wide. Elytra each with two subobsolete costae 
and with surface more coarsely granulate than in nigricans. Length 5- 
7 mm. 

Northern half of State: frequent. June 17-July 24. 

X. Pykactomena Lee. 1851. (Gr., "to set on fire.") 

Antenna narrow, not serrate: the thorax snbearinate with sides 
broadly refiexed. Light organs are well developed in both sexes : 
those of the male being located on the fifth and sixth ventral seg- 
ments and marked each side about half way between the middle and 
side by a large round stigma-like pore or spot ; those of female are 
at the sides of the segments, which are dusky or piceous at middle, 
and are also accompanied by distinct pores. The males have the 
last dorsal segment emarginate, seventh ventral truncate, and the 
eighth small. Three of the four known species have been taken 
in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PYKACTOMENA. 

a. Elytra with wide side margins. 1559. anguiata. 
aa. Elytra with narrow side margins. 

1). Antennae shorter than thorax. 1560. bokealis. 

&Z>. Antenna 1 longer than thorax. 1561. luctfera. 

1559 (4S23). Pyeactomena angtjlata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. V. 

1825, 162 ; ibid. II, 273. 

Elongate, depressed. Blackish-brown ; thorax with a 
dark median space and dusky lateral margins, between 
which the area is yellow tinged with reddish on basal half; 
elytra with suture and narrow side margins pale. Thorax 
with front margin obtusely angulate. Elytra finely granu- 
late, not punctured, each with two or three well marked 
Fie;. 3U- x H. costaj. Ventral segments of female dull yellow spotted with 
(After Knobel.) c i lis ky. Length S-15 mm. (Fig. 317.) 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 10-July 8. One of our 
most common fireflies. 

1560 (1821). Pyeactomena borealis Rand.. Post. Journ. Nat. Hist.. IP 

1838, 16. 

Resembles angulata closely in form and general appearance. The mar- 
gins of boththorax and elytra are narrower and those of the former are 
yellow instead of dusky as in angulata. The central black spot is usually 
smaller and the red one each side larger. Antenna? 8tout and shorter than 
thorax. Abdomen of female in great part dark. Pength 10-15 mm. 




THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



821 



Marshall and Orange counties; rare. May 28-June 10. A spe- 
cies of wide distribution, but everywhere much less common than 
angulata. 

15G] (4826). Pyractomena li cifera Melsh.. Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1845, 304. 

Elongate, narrow, parallel. Colors as in angulata except that the dusky 
spot on margins of thorax is mure distinct, and occurs only on middle third 
of the margin. Yellow margin of elytra much narrower and more parallel 
than in angulata. Male with ventral segments 1-4 piceous, seventh with 
a piceous spot ; female with fifth and sixth also piceous at middle. Length 
8-14 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; scarce. June 3-? June 24. Prob- 
ably throughout the northern half of State. 

XI. Photintjs Lap. 1833. (Gr., "shining.") 

Hood-like thorax not at all carinate, usually slightly grooved 
and more obtusely rounded in front. The light organs are always 
the larger in the male, where they occupy all the ventral segments 
behind the third or fourth and are accompanied by stigmatic pores 
on the fifth and sixth segments. In the female they occur on the 
middle part of the ventral segments, but the stigma-like impres- 
sions are barely or not visible. Five have been taken in Indiana, 
while one other perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHOTINUS. 

a. Fourth ventral segment dark. 

/>. Thorax with a black stripe and two roseate spots ; elytra with wide 
side margins. 1562. consanguineus. 

hb. Thorax with a dusky cloud or black spot; elytra with narrow side 
margins : form more narrow. 
c. Thorax with hind angles acute, somewhat produced, its disk 
smooth, margins punctate. 1563. ardens. 

cc. Thorax with hind angles not produced, its disk finely, margins 
densely and rather coarsely, punctate. punctulatus. 
an. Fourth ventral segment pale, at least in part. 

(1. Large species (9 or more mm.) ; disk of thorax roseate with a large 
black spot ; ventral impressions of male very distinct. 

1564. PYRAEIS. 

(1(1. Small species (less than S mm.) ; ventral impressions of male obso- 
lete. 

c. Elytra pale, widely margined ; female with long elytra and wings. 

1565. MARGTNELLUS . 

cc. Elytra dusky with pale margins, narrowly margined; female with- 
out wings, elytra short, widely separated at suture. 

1566. SCINTILEANS. 



822 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRID.F. 



1562 (4S27). Photinus con sanguineus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
V, 1851, 335. 

Elongate, rather slender. Dusky or piceous; thorax yellow, with a 
black median bar on basal half, this bordered with pinkish on each side; 



elytra with suture and side margins pale, 
late, with one or two subobsolete carinse. 
ment dark piceous. Length 8-12.5 mm. 

Porter, Marshall and Kosciusko 
June 19. 



Surface of elytra finely granu- 
Female with sixth ventral seg- 

counties ; scarce. June 3- 



1563 (4829). Photinus aedens Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V, 1851. 

334. 

Elongate, slender. Fuscous or piceous; thorax with side margins and 
apex pale; elytra with suture and narrow side margins yellowish. An- 
tennae very slender. Thorax semicircular, base truncate, margins wide, 
translucent, feebly reflexed. Elytra finely and densely granulate. Length 
6-11 mm. 

Kosciusko and Posey counties, scarce ; also two Indiana speci- 
mens in Webster collection. June 22- June 25. 

P. punctulata Lee, fusco-pieeous. thorax dusky with sides 
dusky, length 10-11.5 mm., is known from Illinois and Kansas. 

1564 (4835). Photinus fyealis Linn., Syst. Nat, Ed. XII, 1785, 644. 

Elongate -oblong, rather 
robust. Piceous-brown ; thorax 
with margins dull yellow, the 
convex disk roseate and with 
a central black spot. Elytra 
with suture and narrow side 
margins pale. Thorax with a 
short dorsal channel. Male 
with hind margin of fourth 
and whole of the succeeding 
ventral segments yellow ; female with dusky spots at base of fifth segment ; 
sixth dusky, margined with yellow. Length 10-14 mm. (Pig. 318.) 

Tippecanoe, Madison, Vigo, Marion and Lawrence counties; 
frequent. June 8-July 29. 

1565 (4836). Photinus maeginellus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 335. 

Elongate, slender. Pale, dull yellow; disk of thorax roseate without 
or with only a trace of a black spot ; antennae and legs dusky. Elytra finely 
granulate and pubescent. Length 6-8 mm. 

Kosciusko, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. June 2-Au- 
gust 11. The form here described is the pale variety casta Lec, 
The typical form is colored similar to scintillans. 




Fig. 318. a, larva; /, e, d. head, under side of segment and leg of 
same; 6, pupa in its earthen cell; c, beetle. (After Riley.) 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



823 



1566 (4837). Photinus scintillans Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 163 ; ibid. II, 275. 
Elongate, slender. Dusky brown ; thorax rosaceous with a yellowish 
margin and central black spot; elytra with suture and side margins pale; 
antennae dusky. Elytra finely and almost indistinctly granulate ; those of 
female not more than one-third the length of abdomen. Length 5.5-8 mm. 

Martin County; scarce. July 13. Said by Say to be ''our 
very abundant firefly and familiar to every inhabitant of the coun- 
try," but this does not hold good in Indiana. 

i 

XII. Lampeohiza Mots. 1853. (Gr., "to glow + a root.") 

Antennas simple with quadrate joints, the eleventh with a small 
jointed needle-shaped appendage near the tip. The females have 
short elytra and the males transparent spots on the thorax. One 
species has been taken in the State, while another may occur. 

1567 (4843). Lampeohiza inaccensa Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 

1878, 611. 

Elongate, gray, slightly pubescent. Thorax wider than long, semiclr- 
cularly rounded at tip and sides, the latter strongly incurved at base, hind 
angles dentiform ; disk dark, convex, smooth, sides very widely flattened, 
scabrous, pale gray; near the apex (in male) are two large colorless, trans- 
parent spots. Elytra' reticulate-punctate, with the longitudinal raised lines 
very faint, sides rather strongly margined. Beneath densely punctured, 
gray ; abdomen piceous, wholly without phosphorescent spots ; antennse and 
legs gray. Length 6.3 mm. 

A species of the Alleghanian fauna described from Marquette, 
Michigan. One specimen in the Dury collection is from near Mich- 
igan City, Laporte County. Probably occurs sparingly in the 
northern third of the State. 

L. splendidula Linn., fifth and sixth ventral segments yellow, 
thorax wider than long, length S.5 mm., is a European species re- 
corded from Maryland and Illinois. 

XIII. Photueis Lec. 1851. (Gr., " light + tail.") 

Eyes large, convex and widely separated ; head rounded, nar- 
rowed behind, not retractile and not entirely covered by the hood- 
like thorax; antennas longer than one-half the body, 
filiform, slender, not compressed, the second and third 
joints about equal and, together, as long as each of the 
following joints. The light organs in both sexes oc- 
cupy the whole of the fifth and following segments. 

1568 (4847). Photuris pennsylvanica DeG., Mem. Hist. 

fles Ins., IV, 176S, 52. %™kr>«Jf 
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax dull 




824 



FAMIL Y XL. LA M PYRIDJE. 



yellow, the latter with disk red with a narrow median dark stripe; ely- 
tra brown or piceons. with the suture, narrow side margins and a nar- 
row stripe on disk pale. Labrum tridentate. Thorax and elytra densely 
and rather roughly punctured. Length 11-15 mm. ( Fig. 319.) 

Throughout the State: our most common firefly. May 23-Au- 
gust 6. 

Tribe II. PHEXGODIXI. 

In this tribe the thorax, though rounded in front, does not cover 
the head. The eyes are convex, prominent and widely separated; 
antenna? not approximate, plumose or with fan-like processes in 
male; middle coxae contiguous. Two genera are represented in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PHEXGODIXI. 

a, Prosternum very short; front flat, labrum large; elytra short, awl- 
shaped; tarsi with fourth joint lobed. XIV. Phengodes. 
aa. Prosternum well developed; front convex, labrum small; antennas ser- 
rate. XV. Tytthoxyx. 

XIV. Phexgodes Illig. 1807. (Gr., "shining.") 

Medium-sized species, having the head deeply and transversely 
excavated behind the eyes; gular region deeply excavated, the su- 
tures confluent. .One species is known from the State. 

1569 (4S52). Phexgodes plemosa Oliv.. Ent.. II, 1790, 26. 

^ Elongate, robust, depressed. Dull yellow, finely pubes- 
r/ jd§ ceu t; head, antennae, tips of elytra and dorsal surface of 
abdomen fuscous. Antenna; of male feather-like, the third 
and following joints emitting long flexible branches. Tho- 
rax more than twice as wide as long, almost smooth. Ely- 
tra one-third the length of abdomen, very widely separated 
at tips. Length 11-12 mm. (Fig. 320.) 

Hg. 32o. x u. One in Webster collection labeled "lad." Seems 

(After Glover.) 

to be everywhere rare, though Say says: ' k Xot un- 
common for a short period in autumn when, attracted by candles, 
they enter the house in the evening and fly repeatedly against the 
ceiling in their efforts to escape." 

XV. Tytthonvx Lee. 1851. (Gr., ' £ small + claw.") 

Eyes small, rounded, convex ; antenna? nearly as long as the 
body, broadly compressed, strongly serrate, joints triangular, the 
second but one half as long and one half as wide as third; the 
outer joints of male longer, narrower and more prolonged at tip 
than the joints preceding. One species is known. 




THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



325 



1570 (4863); Tytthonyx erythocephaltjs F;il>.. Syst. Eleut, II. L801, 105. 

Oblong, compressed. Black, opaque, sparsely and finely pubescenl : 
front, occiput and under surface of head reddish-yellow. Thorax trans- 
verse, truncate in front, broadly rounded behind, the sides short, inflexed. 
Elytra one-half as long as abdomen, rounded at tip ; wings straight, extend- 
ing along the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Length 4 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. .May 17- July 3. Occurs 
on leaves of various shrubs. 

Subfamily III. TELEPHORINAE. 

The members of this subfamily differ from those of the two pre- 
ceding by having the mouth organs more strongly developed; eyes 
smaller ; antenna? more widely separated at base and by the straight 
or nearly straight outline of the inner side of the metathoracic 
episterna. Light organs are wholly lacking and the sexes are quite 
similar in form and the development of the wings. The subfamily 
is separated into three tribes, all of which are represented in In- 
diana. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF TELEPH0RI1NLE. 

a. Tarsi with joints three and four lobed beneath ; mentum short. 

Tribe I. Omethfni, p. 825. 
a a. Tarsi simple or with the fourth joint only lobed beneath. 

1). Mentum very long, wider in front; prosternum feebly developed, 
separated by a membrane from the surrounding parts. 

Tribe II. Chaf/uognathini, p. 826. 
hb. Mentum small, quadrate, often semimembranous ; prosternum normal, 
fully developed. Tribe III. Telephorini, p. 828. 

Tribe I. OMETHINI. 

This tribe comprises two genera of small oblong beetles pos- 
sessing the characters of the tribe Telephorini as set forth on a suc- 
ceeding page, but having the third and fourth joints of the tarsi 
prolonged or lobed beneath. The typical genus, Omethes, is repre- 
sented in the eastern United States by a single species, 0. margi- 
natus Lee which has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati and 
therefore probably occurs in the southern third of the State. The 
other genus is established for a new species, closely allied to 
Omethes, which has been taken in three of the southern counties. 

KEY TO GEXERA OF THE TRIBE OMEFH1XI. 

a. Elytra with finely impressed stria?; clypeus truncate; antenna? alike in 
the sexes. Omethes. 
aa. Elytra wholly without strap; clypeus broadly emarginate; antenna? un- 
like in the sexes. XVI. Bianchardia. 



626 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRIDzE. 



XVI. Blanchardia Gen. Nov. 

This genus differs from Omethes in the characters above given 
and in having the head broader, more finely and densely punctured 
on front and vertex ; eyes smaller and less prominent ; tarsal claws 
much smaller and more slender, with a smaller tooth at base. In 
the male the antennse are geniculate at the end of the fourth joint ; 
. the basal joint is large, strongly and distinctly clavate ; second and 
fourth subequal in length, the latter much more robust and closely 
united with the shorter third, the two appearing like one clavate 
joint; fifth shorter than sixth to tenth, which are subequal; eleventh 
longer, a little stouter and subacuminate. In the female the basal 
joint is less stout and not clavate ; joint two is a little shorter than 
three to ten, which are equal. The genus is named in honor of 
Frederick Blanchard, of Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, a well-known 
Coleopterist who has shown me many favors during the preparation 
of the present paper. 

1571 ( ). Blanchaedia geacilis sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender, clothed with fine, sparse, suberect yel- 
lowish hairs. Head, thorax, antennae, legs and under sur- 
face, except the abdomen, pale reddish-yellow ; elytra and 
abdomen piceous, the humeral angles of former and tip of 
latter reddish-yellow. Thorax transversely elliptical, more 
than twice as wide as long, sides rounded into base and 
apex ; margins, except the apical, distinctly reflexed ; sur- 
face minutely and very sparsely punctured. Elytra not wider 
at base than thorax, their margins slightly flattened and 
reflexed along their apical two-thirds, thus causing them to 
appear wider toward the apex ; surface finely, sparsely, shal- 
Fig ;ip. L . ^ lowly and somewhat rugosely punctured, each puncture bear- 

(Onginal.) 

mg a suberect yellowish hair. Length 4-4.5 mm. (Fig. 321.) 

Lawrence, Crawford and Perry counties; one specimen from 
each ; one male, two females. May 20-June 5. Taken by sweeping 
roadside herbage. 

Tribe II. CHAULIOGNATHINI. 

Head prolonged before and behind the eyes; maxillary palpi 
long and but slightly dilated; mentum elongate and wider in front; 
prosternum small, broadly triangular; middle coxae separated, meso- 
sterum membranous ; tarsal claws simple. The tribe is represented 
by the single genus 




THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



827 



XVII. Chauliognathus Hentz. 1830. (Gr., "with exposed + 

jaws or maxillae.") 

The species of this genus are known from all others by the 
elongate head, and by the singular structure of the maxillary lobe, 
which has a long, extensile, pilose, thread-like process which can be 
pushed out and used to gather food. In this respect it is somewhat 
similar to the tongue or proboscis of a moth or butterfly. The 
mature beetles are said to feed solely upon the honey and pollen of 
various flowers. The larva? are, however, strongly carnivorous, 
those of our more common species being very beneficial in that they 
feed upon the larva? of the plum curculio and other injurious forms. 
The last ventral segment of the male is elongate-oval, convex and 
more horn-like in texture than the other segments ; the next to last 
is broadly and deeply emarginate ; the males are also furnished with 
a pair of slender, curved clasping organs hooked at the end and 
fringed with hairs on the inner margin. Two species occur in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHAULIOGNATHUS. 

a. Thorax wider than long; head black. 1572. pennsylvanicus. 

aa. Thorax longer than wide ; head yellow with black spots. 

1573. MARGINATUS. 

1572 (4875). Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG., Mem. Hist, des Ins., 

IV, 1768, 78. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Head and under parts black; ^ ^ 
thorax yellow with a broad black spot on basal half ; elytra yel- 
low with an oblong-oval blackish spot on apical third, this some- 
times prolonged to cover two-thirds or more of the surface; 
ventral segments margined behind with yellow. Thorax with 
margin rather widely flattened and reflexed. Length 9-12 mm. 
(Fig. 322.) 

Throughout the State ; common. June 30-Septem- F jf .p 2 - >< ii. 

^ (After Riley.) 

ber 30. Occurs most abundantly in autumn upon the 
flowers of goldenrod and allied plants. Riley says that the larvge 
pass the winter in a nearly full grown stage ; feed ravenously in 
the spring and appear in the mature stage during August, Sep- 
tember and October. I have taken them mating in Putnam County 
on June 30, so that a few, at least, become mature by that date. 

1573 (4876). Chauliognathus makginatus Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 206. 

Resembles pennsylvanicus in form, but usually smaller and more nar- 
row. Head in great part yellow ; thorax with a broad black median stripe 
reaching from base to apex; blackish spot on elytra very variable in size, 




828 



FAMILY XI,. LAMPYRIDJE 



sometimes extending nearly their full length, rarely wholly lacking; base 
of femora and greater part of abdomen yellow. Sides of thorax narrowly 
margined. Length 8-11 mm. 

Throughout the State, common in the southern counties ; much 
less so in the northern portion. June 3-July 28. Occurs by 
thousands on the flowers of the linden; also abundant on those of 
wild hydrangea, Jersey tea and other shrubs. 

Tribe III. TELEPHORINI. 

Head but slightly prolonged before the eyes ; maxillae moderate 
in size, their palpi rather long and of variable form; front coxae 
contiguous ; presternum distinct in front of coxae ; middle coxae con- 
tiguous; mesosternum horn-like in texture. Eight of the nine 
recognized genera, are known to be represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TELEPHORINI. 

a. Elytra entirely covering the wings. 

1). Thorax truncate in front; head entirely exposed; gular sutures con- 
fluent. XVIII. PODABRUS. 

Thorax rounded in front; head partly covered; gular sutures sep- 
arate. 

c. Last joint of maxillary palpi dilated, hatchet-shaped. 
d. Hind angles of thorax of male notched ; head short and broad. 

XIX. Silis. 

(Id. Hind angles of thorax rounded. 

e. Head moderately long ; sides of thorax not notched. 

XX. Telephorfs. 

ee. Head short and broad; sides of thorax in male nicked at the 
middle. XXI. Polemifs. 

cc. Last joint of maxillary palpi suboval, obliquely truncate; sides of 
thorax in male distinctly notched at the middle and behind ; an- 
tennae strongly serrate. XXII. Ditemnus. 
ad. Elytra abbreviated; wings exposed; gular sutures confluent. 

f. Maxillary palpi with the last joint elongate, hatchet-shaped; side 
pieces of metathorax wide in front, strongly triangular ; claws with 
broad tooth near base. XXIII. Trypherfs. 

ff. Maxillary palpi with the last joint oval, pointed ; side pieces of meta- 
thorax narrow ; claws simple. 
ff. Mandibles toothed ; head wide, narrowed behind. 

XXIV. Maltiiinfs. 

fffj. Mandibles simple ; head not narrowed behind. 

XXV. Malthodes. 

XVIII Podabrus Fisch. 1839. (Or., "foot + delicate. ") 

Head prolonged and narrowed behind the eyes, so as to form a 
distinct neck which is not covered by the thorax ; the latter nearly 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



829 



truncate or even somewhat emarginate in front; seventh ventral 
segment of male truncate, the eighth exposed. The tarsal claws of 
all our known Indiana species are armed with a long acute tooth, 
causing them to appear broadly cleft. In another group, which 
may yet be found to be represented in the State, the claws are 
armed with a broad, nearly rectangular, basal tooth. Eight spe- 
cies have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PODABRUS. 

a. Eighth ventral segment of male triangular, flat, rounded at tip. 

1). Elytra distinctly dilated on the sides, their elevated lines strongly 
marked ; antennae stouter. 

c. Size larger, 11-13 mm. ; thorax more than twice as wide as long. 

1574. TRICOSTATUS. 

GO- Smaller, 7-8 mm. ; thorax not much wider than long, distinctly 
narrowed in front. 1575. rugosulus. 

bb. Elytra not or scarcely dilated on the sides, their elevated lines in- 
distinct. 

d. Elytra rather coarsely rugose. 

e. Thorax twice wider than long ; color smoky brown or dull black. 

1576. BASILARIS. 

ee. Thorax but little wider than long ; color, except sides of thorax, 
shining black. 1577. frater. 

del. Elytra finely rugose; thorax but little wider than long. 

/. Elytra black without pale margins ; median impressed line of 
thorax distinct. diadem a. 

ff. Margins and suture of elytra narrowly pale ; median line of tho- 
rax feeble or wanting; second and third joints of antenme sub- 
equal. 1578. modestus. 
aa. Eighth ventral of male oblong with sides parallel, obtusely rounded at 
tip. 

g. Head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes, neck short ; head and tho- 
rax uniform reddish-yellow. 1579. tomentoses. 
gg. Head much prolonged behind the eyes, neck long. 

Ti, Head sparsely punctured behind ; thorax feebly punctured. 

15S0. PROTENSUS. 

hh. Head and thorax both coarsely, the latter sparsely punctured. 

1581. BRUNNICOLLIS. 

1574 (4879). Podabrus teicostatus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 
158 ; ibid. II, 635. 
Elongate, robust. Black ; front of head and sides of tho- 
rax reddish-yellow. Antenna? about half the length of body, 
joints two to four increasing in length. Head and middle 
of thorax densely punctured, the sides of latter broadly flat- 
tened and reflexed. Elytra very broadly dilated on middle 
third, densely rugose, each with three strongly elevated lines. 
Male elytra less dilated and antennae longer than in female. Fig. 323. x li 
Length 11-13 mm. (Fig. 323.) (After Knobel.) 

Lawrence and Perry counties; rare. May 31- June 17. 




830 FAMILY XI;. LAMPYRIDJE. 

1575 (4880). Podabrus rugosulus Lee, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 229. 

Elongate, the sides of elytra less broadly dilated than in tricostatus^ 
Black; front of head and sides of thorax yellow. Head coarsely, thorax 
less coarsely punctured, the latter narrowed in front of middle, side mar- 
gins broad, deeply impressed before and behind, dorsal line well marked. 
Elytra densely rugose. Length 7-8 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 31 -July 4. Occurs on 
the leaves and flowers of various shrubs and herbs. One was noted 
feeding on a winged plant louse. In one specimen at hand the tho- 
rax is wholly black. 

1576 (4882). Podabrus basilaris Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 181 ; ibid. IT, 117. 

Elongate, parallel. Blackish or piceous ; front of head and margins of 
thorax reddish-yellow ; narrow side margins and suture of elytra pale ; an- 
tennae and legs piceous. Second joint of antenna? shorter than third, the 
two together scarcely longer than fourth. Thorax with sides rounded, 
broadly flattened and reflexed ; dorsal line distinct ; disk sparsely punctured. 
Length 8-13 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko. Starke and Lawrence counties; rare. May 
23-June 27. One of the largest species of the genus, which prob- 
ably occurs sparingly throughout the State. The thorax is much 
wider in proportion to its length than in modestus. 

1577 (4881). Podabrus frater Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851, 

344. 

Slightly larger than rugosulus, which it closely resembles. Head black, 
the mandibles and a narrow line between the eyes yellowish, coarsely and 
closely punctate behind the eyes. Thorax quadrate, apex truncate, front 
angles rounded, the convex portion of disk almost smooth. Length 9- 
10 mm. 

Steuben. Marshall, Starke and Vigo counties ; scarce. June 6- 
June 17. Taken by sweeping herbage in low, moist grounds. 

P. diadema Fab., black, front of head and sides of thorax pale, 
length 9-11 mm., is recorded from the Atlantic region and Lake 
Superior. 

1578 (4886). Podabrus modestus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 179 ; ibid. II, 116. 
Resembles basilaris very closely. Black or dusky black ; front of head, 
broad margins of thorax and femora in great part yellow; antennae and 
tibiae dusky. Thorax nearly one-half wider than long, hind angles rec- 
tangular, front ones rounded; margins reflexed. disk finely and sparsely 
punctate. Length 9-13 mm. 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



831 



Throughout the State; frequent. June 3-June 27. One spe- 
cies with thorax wholly pale is referred to var. flavicollis Lec. ; this 
being a variety of modestus and not of basilaris, as the form of the 
thorax and relative length of antenna! joints plainly show. 

1579 (4889). Podabrus tomentosus Say, Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

165 ; ibid. II, 275. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head, thorax, two 
basal joints of antennae, abdominal margin and fe- 
mora reddish-yellow; remainder of antenna?, tibise 
and tarsi dusky; elytra black with fine grayish pu- 
bescence. Thorax quadrate ; disk finely and sparse- 
ly punctate, with distinct median line. Length 9- 
12 mm. (Fig. 324.) 

Throughout the State ; common. May 21- 
October 15. Occurs most abundantly on the 
greater ragweed, Ambrosia irifida L., along "(Original.) 4 

the borders of streams; also noted at electric light. 

1580 (4890). Podabrus protensus Lec, New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1866, 91. 
Elongate, slender. Blackish; front of head, thorax, legs, basal fifth 

and outer margin of elytra as far as middle, reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly 
longer than wide, sides feebly curved ; disk very finely and sparsely punc- 
tate; dorsal line deep. Second and third joints of antennae nearly equal 
and together longer than fourth. Length 11-14 mm. 

Clark. Jefferson and Perry counties; scarce. May 21-June 17. 
In some specimens, var. fayi Lec, the elytra are wholly dull yellow. 

1581 (4891). Podabrus brunnicollis Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1901, 298. 
Resembles the preceding but more slender. Front of head, sides of 

thorax, margins of elytra, legs and base of antenna? yellow. Back of head 
and disk of thorax coarsely punctured. Thorax longer than wide, the sides 
parallel, not rounded. Length 7-10 mm. 

Orange County: scarce. May 28 -June 2. Beaten from foliage 
of oak, hickory and wild grape. 

XIX Silis Latr. 1829. (Or., "pug-nosed.") 

Small oblong species having the thorax broader than long and, 
m the male, notched near the hind angles and bearing two processes 
on each side near the base. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILIS. 

a. Base of thorax lobed, deeply foveate inside of hind angles ; notch near 
the base deep, the appendage behind notch long, compressed and 
rounded at tip. 1582. percomis. 

[53—23402] 




832 



FAMILY XL. — LAMP YRIDiE . 



aa. Base of thorax not lobed; process behind the notch not ante-basal but 
proceeding from the base itself by an extension of the hind angles ; 
both processes narrow, parallel, compressed and obtuse at tip. 

1583. SPATHULATA. 

1582 (4920). Silis percomis Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 159; ibid. 

II, 636. 

Oblong, depressed. Black, often with a bluish tinge ; thorax reddish- 
yellow. Thorax wider than long, obtusely rounded in front, the sides of 
female with a slight notch near hind angles ; those of male deeply notched 
as noted above ; surface of elytra finely granulate and pubescent. Length 
5 mm. 

Lake County ; scarce. May 28. 

1583 (4924). Silis spathulata Lee, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, IX, 

1881, 57. 

Form and color of percomis. Thorax strongly margined but not lobed 
at base, the basal margin blackish. Antennae of male nearly as long as 
body, joints 4-10 about four times longer than wide, slightly broader at tip, 
therefore subserrate ; those of female one-half length of body, not serrate. 
Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Lake, Marshall and Fountain counties ; scarce. May 12-May 
28. LeConte 's types were from Illinois. Occurs especially on the 
flowers of the wild eranesbill, Geranium maculatum L. 

XX. Telephorus SchafT. 1766. (Gr., " afar + bearing, " i. e. of 

wide distribution." 

The species belonging here are small or medium, soft-bodied 
forms, which are very difficult to separate. From allied genera 
they are distinguished only by the characters given in the generic 
key. They occur mostly on the foliage of 1ow t herbs and shrubs, 
especially in moist lowlands. About 36 species are known from 
the United States, 12 of which have been taken in Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TELEPHORUS. 

a. Claws of tarsi either in part or wholly toothed or cleft. 
&. Tarsal claws similar, all being toothed or cleft. 

c. All the claws appendiculate or broadly toothed at base. 

d. Thorax one-half wider than long ; last joint of maxillary palpi 

dilated, triangular. 1584. dentiger. 

dd. Thorax not wider than long ; last joint of maxillary palpi elon- 
gate, triangular. 1585. excavates. 
cc. All the claws cleft or acutely toothed. 

e. " Size larger, 9-10 mm. 1586. Carolines. 
ee. Size small, not over 7 mm. 

f. Elytra rather coarsely and densely rugose-punctured ; thorax 
yellow with a wide dorsal stripe black. 1587. lineola. 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



if. Elytra finely or sparsely rugose-punctured. 

g. Legs piceous or dull yellow; length 4.5-0 mm. 

1588. RECTUS. 

gg. Legs bright yellow. 

h. Black ; thorax and base of antennae orange yellow, the for- 
mer often with a black dorsal line. 1589. flavipes. 
hh. Piceous; thorax and margins and suture of elytra yellow. 
i. Thorax wider than long. 
./'. Form slender; thorax but little wider than long, its 
sides nearly parallel ; elytra usually pale with dusky 
stripes. 1590. scitulus. 

././'• Form more robust; thorax one-half wider than long, 
its sides rounded. 1591. luteicollis. 

ii. Thorax not wider than long, sides subsinuate ; elytra 
piceous with narrow pale stripes. 1592. pusillus. 
bb. Tarsal claws unlike; the outer claw of all the tarsi toothed at base, 
entire at tip, the inner claw simple. 
/.-. Eyes large and prominent ; size larger, 12-14 mm. ; thorax not wider 
than long. rotundicollis. 
Ick. Eyes smaller, not prominent; size less, not over 7 mm.; thorax 
wider than long. 
Z. Thorax yellow with a broad black dorsal stripe. 

1593. TUBE RC U LAT U S . 

II. Thorax reddish-yellow with two oblong-oval blackish spots. 

1594. BILINEATUS. 

W. Claws of tarsi simple, slender, not toothed or cleft ; thorax semiorbicu- 
lar. with a dorsal black stripe. 1595. simpliunguis. 

1584 (4920). Telephorus dentiger Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 341. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dusky black, clothed with fine grayish 
pubescence ; thorax yellow with a transverse angulated central dusky spot ; 
mouth and side margins of abdomen, and sometimes the margins of elytra, 
dull yellow. Head and elytra densely and roughly punctured. Thorax 
more sparsely and coarsely punctured, median impressed line distinct, front 
angles broadly rounded. Length 8-9 mm. 

lake, Wayne and Marion counties; scarce. May 6-May 28. 

1585 (4927). Telephorus excavatus Lee, loc. eit, 342. 

Elongate, slender. Black ; thorax reddish-yellow with a narrow dorsal 
black stripe, this sometimes wanting ; narrow side margins of elytra, tibiae, 
tarsi and basal third of .antennae, sometimes dull yellow. Head finely and 
densely punctured. Thorax as long as wide, nearly smooth, slightly nar- 
rowed in front, sides straight, excavated about the middle ; median line wide 
and deep, channel-like ; thorax of female wider and less excavated at sides 
than in male. Length 5-0 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-June 25. 
1580 (4932). Telephorus carolinus Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 290. 

Elongate, robust, subdepressed. Black, finely pubescent; thorax red- 
dish, with a large shining black spot at center ; mouth parts, three basal 



834 



FAMILY XL. LAMPYRID.L. 



joints of antennae and narrow margin of abdomen dull yellow. Thorax 
broader than long, sides and front angles broadly rounded. Tarsi broad, 
those of male broader than in female. Length 9-11 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 26-July 9. On flowers 
and leaves of Crataegus and other shrubs. 

1587 (4933). Telephoris lineola Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1798, 219. 
Elongate, slender. Black, with sparse grayish pubescence; thorax yel- 
low, with a wide median black stripe ; front of head and legs sometimes yel- 
low. Thorax wider than long, its front and hind angles rounded ; side mar- 
gins rather strongly reflexed, median line obsolete or indistinct, but usually 
a broad, shallow depression on middle of basal half. Length 4-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 24-July 4. Occurs on 
the flowers of blackberry and on the foliage of many shrubs. In 
several specimens at hand the thorax is wholly piceous or dusky. 

1588 ( 4936). Telephorus rectus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1845, 305. 

Elongate, parallel, slender. Black or piceous, sparsely clothed with 
grayish pubescence ; sides of thorax, mandibles, tibiae and tarsi dull yellow ; 
epipleura and sutural line of elytra whitish. Second joint of antennas one- 
fourth the length of third, the latter nearly as long as fourth. Thorax sub- 
quadrate, front angles obtusely rounded, side margins narrow, scarcely re- 
flexed, nearly straight. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 24-June 16. 

1589 (4939). Telephorus flavipes Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 341. 

Elongate, slender. Black ; front of head, base of antennas, legs and tho- 
rax orange yellow; the thorax with or without (var. clichrous Lec.) a black 
median stripe. Antennas but little shorter than body, second joint one-third 
as long as third (male) ; or two-thirds as long as body, second joint nearly 
half as long as third (female). Thorax slightly wider than long, disk 
broadly concave each side in front of middle, front and' side margins strong- 
ly reflexed. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 16- June 12. 

1590 ( 4940). Teeephorus scitulus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 168 ; ibid. II, 278. 
Elongate, slender. Piceous or dusky, disk of thorax with or without a 
piceous cloud. Elytra with wide marginal and sutural stripes pale yellow, 
that along the suture widest at base, often occupying half or more the width 
of elytra. Second joint of antennas more than half the length of third, the 
latter equal to fourth. Thorax wider than long, broadly concave on each 
side, the margins strongly reflexed. Length 4-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common, June 2- July 5. 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



835 



1591 (4942). Telephoeus luteicollis Germ., Ins. Nov., 1824, 70. 
Oblong, rather robust. Piceous ; front of head, thorax, legs, narrow 

marginal and sutural lines of elytra and basal half of antennae, yellow. 
Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded, margins narrowly reflexed. 
Length 5 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. May 24. 

1592 (4941). Telephoeus pusillus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 343. 

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous ; front of head, sides of thorax and 
legs yellow; elytra with narrow sutural and marginal lines pale yellow. 
Thorax not wider than long, sides nearly straight, not strongly reflexed. 
Elytra sparsely clothed with semi-erect grayish hairs, the marginal and 
sutural pale stripes much narrower than in scitulus. Length 4-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 12-July 5. Very close 
to scitulus and probably merges into that species. 

T. rotundicollis Say, yellow, elytra and ventral segments often 
piceous, is recorded from Illinois and Lake Superior. 

1593 (4953). Telephoeus tubeeculatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

V, 1851, 341. 

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; mouth and thorax yellow, 
the latter with a broad, black dorsal stripe which, in some specimens, is 
wider along the basal and apical margins. Antennas of male two-thirds as 
long as body, subserrate; those of female half as long as body. Thorax 
quadrate in male, wider in female, disk with a deep median impressed line 
and a transverse impression each side. Elytra coarsely rugose-punctate. 
Length 5-7 mm. 

Lake, St. Joseph, Kosciusko and Wayne counties; common on 
the foliage of alder (Alnus incana Willd.) and other shrubs along 
the borders of marshes. May 12-June 1. Resembles lineola and 
rectus, but readily separated by the form of the tarsal claws. 

1594 (4955). Telephoeus bilineatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

Ill, 1823, 182; ibid. II, US. 
. Oblong, robust. Dull reddish-yellow ; back 

of head, elytra, two oblong spots on thorax, >v ^ 
antennae, except the basal joint, and tibial 

and tarsi, black. Thorax suborbicular, widely / s jHr\ 

margined, sparsely punctured. Length 6-8 mm. // II ClV 

(Fig. 325.) / W. \ 

Throughout the State; common. Kg . 32 ' 5 . a , larva; ( head of sa * J 
April 22-June 11. Mating May 3. Oc- beetle - (After Riley - } 

curs abundantly on flowers of the red haw, Cratcegus, and the foli- 
age of many shrubs. 




S36 



FAMILY XL. LAMP YRIDiE . 



1595 ( ). Telephorus simpliunguis sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Piceous black ; thorax yellow, with a 
rather broad median stripe black, this wider near apex and base; front of 
head yellow, antennae piceous. Thorax suborbicular, one-half wider than 
long, more convex on basal half ; sides broadly rounded into base and apex ; 
margins narrow, not refiexed ; median impressed line deep, entire ; disk with 
a feeble impression each side near middle. Elytra finely rugose, sparsely 
and finely pubescent. Second joint of antennae nearly half the length of 
third, the latter equal to fourth. Length 6 mm. 

Described from a single specimen taken near Pine, Lake County. 
May 26. Beaten from the foliage of sand cherry, Pr units pumila 
L. Belongs in the group with marginellus Lee. in which the tarsal 
claws are simple and elytra finely scabrous. The shape of thorax, 
which is that of bilineatus, and the lack of pale margins of elytra 
distinguish it from marginellus. 

XXI. Polemius Lec. 1851. (Gr., ' ' war-like. " ) 

This genus is intermediate between Silis and Telephorus and is 
separated mainly by the characters given in the table. The an- 
tennas are compressed, more or less serrate, with second joint less 
than one-third the length of third, which is equal to fourth. Tarsal 
claws simple, the. outer one of hind pair with a blunt tooth at base. 

1596 (4966). Polemius laticornis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Y, 

1825. 168 ; ibid. II. 278. 
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Black or piceous black, finely hirsute; 
side margins of thorax and humeri (sometimes basal third) of elytra dull 
orange yellow. Antennae long and strongly serrate (male) ; shorter and 
less serrate (female). Thorax as broad as long, front angles obtusely 
rounded, side margins slightly notched a little before the middle and nar- 
rower in front of notch ; disk impressed each side near the margin. Elytra 
densely and finely scabrous, obscurely three-costate. Length 6.5-8 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 17. Occurs on the greater ragweed, 
Ambrosia trifida L., in low. moist grounds. Also in Webster col- 
lection from Indiana and Illinois. 

1597 (4967). Polemius undulatus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 341. 

Oblong, rather robust. Piceous; thorax rosaceous and yellow, with a 
dark dorsal stripe; base of femora, margins of abdomen and elytra, and 
sutural line of latter dull yellow. Thorax as wide as elytra, front angles 
obtusely rounded, hind ones rectangular ; side margins wide, notched at mid- 
dle, bisinuate. Elytra finely and densely scabrous. Length 6-7 mm. 

Steuben and Marshall counties; rare. August 11-August 15. 
Say described a beetle from Posey County, Indiana, under the name 
Cantharis invalida (LeConte Ed. Say's works. II, 636), which is 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



837 



at present unrecognized by entomologists, but which is probably 
this species. He gives the length as less than one-fourth of an inch 
and there are some minor details of color which do not agree with 
the specimens at hand. 

XXII. Ditemnus Lec. 1861. (Gr., "twice + to cut or split." 

Antenna? stout, compressed and serrate; sides of thorax lobed 
in such a manner as to present two notches, one near the tip formed 
by the thickened apical margin, the other between two narrow lobes 
or processes which extend outward near the base. In our species 
the base of thorax is strongly margined and its disk excavated. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DITEMNUS. 

a. Hind lobe at side of thorax very little wider than the one before it; 
smaller, not over 3.5 mm. 159S. bidentatus. 

aa. Hind lobe at side of thorax more than twice the width of the one be- 
fore it; larger, 4.5-5.5 mm. 1599. latilobus. 

1598 (4969). Ditemnus bidentatus Say, Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., V. 

1825. 169 ; ibid. II, 278. 
Oblong, sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence. Black; thorax dull 
yellow. Second joint of antennae not dilated, about one-third as long as 
third, which is equal to fourth. Thorax slightly wider than long, the ap- 
ical lobe of sides well defined, middle and hind lobes narrow, parallel. 
Length 3.5 mm. 

Lake. Laporte, Spencer and Dubois counties: scarce. May 12- 
July 25. Occurs on low herbs along roadsides. 

1599 ( ). Ditemnus latilobus sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong. Black or pic- 

eous. feebly shining ; thorax reddish- 
yellow. Second joint of antenna? 
rounded, not pubescent, less than 
one-fourth the length of third, the 
latter equal to fourth. Thorax one- 
third wider than long, the base more 
strongly margined than in bidenta- 
tus; basal side lobes prominent, the 
front one narrow, its apical half a 
little wider and bent slightly down- 
ward and backward, the tip Oblique- Fig. 32(3. LL.e shows natural length. (Original.) 

ly truncate ; the hind one more than 

twice as broad and a little shorter, concave, its apex rounded and bent for- 
ward or slightly toothed so as to touch the front lobe, leaving only a small 
rounded notch between the two, its hind margin overlapped at base by the 
hind angles of thorax ; median impression of disk distinctly larger than in 
bidentatus, its limits marked by four slight tubercles, its margins indistinct. 
Elytra finely scabrous, sparsely and very finely pubescent. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. (Fig. 326.) 




838 FAMILY XL. LAMPTRIDJE . 

Lake. Marion, Putnam. Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. 
April 20— July 30. Occur? on the flowers and foliage of black haw 
and other shrubs ; also on tall blue grass in open woods. Described 
from eleven specimens, all having the characters above given, and 
therefore all males, if that sex only has the thorax lobed. 

XXIII. Trypherus Lee. 1851. (Gr.. '''weak.") 

Here belongs a single elongate species, having the elytra ab- 
breviated as in the Staphylinida?. the inner wings much longer and 
covering the surface of the abdomen in repose. Eyes large and 
prominent in the male, which has also the middle femora decidedly 
thicker than in female. 

1600 (4972). Tbypheel s latipexxis Germ.. Ins. Sp. Nov... 1824, 72. 
Elongate, slender. Dull yellow beneath : piceons above, the margins of 

thorax and tips of elytra dull yellow. Antennae dusky, slender, one-half as 
long as body; third joint equal to second, a little shorter than fourth. Tho- 
rax slightly wider than long, transversely oval, broadly rounded in front, 
truncate behind. Elytra nearly twice as long as thorax, rugosely punc- 
tured, tips rounded. Female with last dorsal segment trilobed at tip. 
Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent, April 22— Tune 28. Occurs 
especially on catnip and flowers of red haw; also on foliage of vari- 
ous plants. 

XXIV. Malthixus Lat. 1806. (Gr.. "soft wax.") 

Head large, narrowed behind the eyes into a neck: antenna? 
slender, with second joint equal to those which follow: elytra three- 
fourths as long as abdomen, marked with rows of punctures. One 
of the two known North American species occurs in Indiana. 

1601 (4975). Maithintjs occipitalis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat ScL, V. 

1851. 345. 

Elongate, slender. Dull yellow ; head, middle of thorax and an irregu- 
lar space behind the middle of elytra piceons ; tips of elytra lemon-yellow ; 
apical half of antennae dusky. Thorax as wide as long, sides rounded: disk 
sparsely and finely punctured and with a deep median impression on basal 
half. Length 3 mm. 

Tippecanoe. Orange and Floyd counties: scarce. May 28— June 
29. Hitherto recorded only from the Southern States. Occurs on 
grasses in low. moist places. 

XXV. Malttjopes Kies. 1852. (Gr.. "'soft - form.") 

Species of small size and weak structure, having short elytra 
which leave the inner wings partly exposed and folded along the 



THE FIREFLIES OR LIGHTNING BUGS. 



dorsal surface of the abdomen ; head not narrowed into a neck and 
mandibles not toothed. But two species have been taken in Indi- 
ana, though others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OP MALTHODES. 

a. Thorax piceous; next to last ventral segment of male inflated, deeply 
and broadly excavated, its side lobes large, broad, triangular. 

1602. CONCAVUS. 

aa. Thorax yellow or reddish-piceous ; last ventral of male with long com- 
plex processes. 

6. Last ventral of male narrow, prolonged, cleft or nicked at tip ; thorax 
yellow. 1603. EXILIS. 

66. Last ventral wider, parallel, channeled its full length, curved up- 
ward and forked at tip ; thorax rufo-piceous. curvatus. 

1602 (4979). Malthodes concavus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1851, 346. 

Elongate, slender. Piceous; head blackish; base of antenna* and part 
of abdomen dull yellow. Head wider than thorax ; eyes very large, convex, 
prominent. Antenna rather stout, reaching beyond tips of elytra, second 
and third joints equal. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides narrowly 
margined, impressed near front angles, which are rounded. Elytra two- 
thirds as long as wings. Last ventral elongate, slightly nicked at tip. 
Length 2-3 mm. 

Dubois County; rare. May 12. 

1603 (4981). Malthodes exilis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1845 

305. 

Elongate, slender. Dull brown; thorax and front legs yellow; head 
black ; antennae dusky, with two basal joints paler. Thorax one-third wider 
than long, finely margined, front and hind angles obtusely rounded, apex 
subtruncate, base feebly rounded. Elytra two-thirds the length of abdomen, 
separated at apex, surface finely rugulose ; a small rounded smooth spot at 
tip of each. Antennae of male two-thirds, of female half the length of body, 
the fourth and following joints longer than second or third. Length 2.5- 
3 mm. 

Kosciusko, Knox, Dubois and Perry counties ; scarce. May 12- 
June 8. Beaten from bushes along the margins of marshes. 

M. curvatus Lee, piceous, head black, legs dull yellow, length 
3 mm., was described from Illinois. 

Family XLI. MALAGHIID M. 

The Soft- winged Flower Beetles. 

A family of small extent, comprising small, soft-winged species 
which bear a general resemblance to the Lampyrida\ but are shorter, 
and have the elytra more or less truncate and broadest near the 



840 



FAMILY XLI. MALACHIID^E. 



tips. From the Jjampyrida) they are distinguished chiefly by hav- 
ing the antennas inserted upon the front at the sides, generally be-' 
fore the eyes ; by the presence of a separate piece between the labrum 
and the front and by the fourth joint of the tarsi not being bilobed. 
The great majority of our Indiana species also have the power of 
protruding from the sides of the abdomen a number of soft, orange- 
colored vesicles which are supposed to be scent organs used in 
defense. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Malaehiidge have 
the men turn small, quadrate and horn-like; antennae 11- jointed, 
usually serrate and often curiously knotted in the male; head ex- 
serted and prolonged into a short, broad beak; elytra usually en- 
tire, sometimes slightly abbreviated; abdomen with six free ventral 
segments; presternum short, not extending between the front coxae, 
which are large, conical, contiguous, with distinct trochantins, the 
coxal cavities large, transverse, open behind; tarsi 5-jointed, fili- 
form; claws usually with a large membranous appendage between 
them. 

The larva? of the Malaehiidge are, so far as known, carnivorous. 
The mature insects occur on flowers or herbage, some only in low, 
moist places, and are said to feed on insect eggs, larvae and small, 
soft-bodied insects, so that on the whole they may be classed as 
beneficial. 

The principal literature treating of the genera occurring in 
Indiana is as follows : 

LeConte. — " Catalogue of the Melyrides of the United States, 

with Descriptions of New Species," in Froc. Phil. Acad. 

Sci,, YI, 1852, 163-171. 
Horn. — -"Synopsis of the Genus Collops," in Trans. Amer. 

Entom. Soc, III, 1870, 79-84. 
Horn. — "Synopsis of the Malachiidae of the United States," in 

Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, IV, 1872. 109-127. 
Casey. — "Synopsis of the Meiyrida? of North America," in Ann. 

N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895. 456-606. 

About 140 species, distributed among 20 genera, are listed by 
ITenshaw from the United States, most of them inhabiting the 
region west of the Rocky Mountains. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF MALACHIDLE. 

a. Sides of body with extensible vesicles, the front pair proceeding from a 
fissure beneath the front angles of the thorax ; last joint of tarsi with 
two membranous appendages beneath the claws. 
1). Antennae apparently 10-jointed. I. Collops. 



THE SOFT-WINGED FLOWER BEETLES. 



841 



bl). Antennae distinctly 11-jointed. 

c. Front tarsi simple, joint two not prolonged. 

cl. Elytra similar in both sexes. II. Anthocomus. 

dd. Elytra of male prolonged at tip and bearing a hook-like append- 
age. III. PSEUDEBJEUS. 

cc. Front tarsi of male with second joint prolonged over the third 
(Fig. 328) ; elytra similar in both sexes. IV. Attalus. 

aa. Sides of body without vesicles ; angles of thorax not fissured beneath ; 
first joint of tarsi shorter than second ; claws without appendages ; 
edge of thorax and elytra serrate. V. Alymeris. 



I. Collops Erichs. 1840. (L., " embrace + eye or face.") 

To this genus belong our largest members of the family, yet none 
of them exceed 7 mm. in length. The antenna? are apparently 10- 
jointed (the true second joint being very small and concealed) ; 
second joint (really the third) of male much enlarged and -bearing 
near the base a curious slender articulated appendage furnished at 
the tip with a brush of stiff, curved hairs. This extends forward 
and is usually concealed in a deep cavity on the upper surface of 
the joint. It is supposed to be used in clasping the antennae of the 
female during mating. 

1604 (.4994). Collops tricolor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, III, 1823, 

182 ; ibid. I, 107. pi. 48. 
Oblong-oval, broadest behind the middle. Head, legs and under surface, 
except abdomen, black; palpi, thorax, abdomen and basal third of antennae, 
reddish-yellow ; elytra blue or bluish-black. Thorax much wider than long, 
nearly oval, sides broadly rounded ; surface, as well as that of elytra, 
sparsely clothed with black, erect hairs. Elytra densely punctured. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Lake and Marshall counties; rare. June 28-August 27. The 
figures of pi. 48, LeConte's edition of Say, are wrongly named, Fig. 
3 being this species. 

1605 (5004). Collops quadrimacuiatus Fabr.. Ent. Syst. 

Suppl., 1798, 70. 
Oblong-oval, widest behind. Head, abdomen and femora 
black ; thorax and elytra reddish-yellow, the latter each with 
a large basal and anteapical spot blue or bluish-black ; tibiae, 
tarsi and apical portion of antennae dusky or piceous. Other- 
wise as in tricolor . Length 4—6 mm. (Fig. 327.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent! May 30-Septem- 
ber 8. Taken by sweeping and beating grasses and 
foliage in damp localities. 




Fig. 327. 
(After Glover.) 



842 



FAMILY XLI. MALACHJIDiE. 



II. Anthocomus Erichs. 1840. (Gr., " flower + to revel.") 

Our two members of this genus may be known by having the 
1 1- jointed antenna? inserted at the sides of the front nearly or quite 
at the front margin ; tarsi simple and similar in both sexes. 

1606 (5038). Anthocomus ebichsoni Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1852, 165. 

Oblong-subdepressed, but little wider behind the middle ; sparsely clothed 
with grayish hairs. Head, under surface and femora black; thorax red- 
dish-yellow, the disk with a broad median black stripe ; elytra black with a 
bluish tinge; tibia?, tarsi and front coxre picedus. Front of head with a 
wide, shallow impression. Thorax broader than long, sides and angles 
strongly rounded, surface sparsely punctulate. Elytra parallel, finely punc- 
tured and rugulose. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 18-May 26. 

1607 (5039). Anthocomus flavilabeus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

V, 1825, 169 ; ibid. II, 279. 
Resembles the preceding in form and size. Black ; thorax narrowly 
margined with reddish-yellow, sometimes wholly black ; front part of head, 
prosternum, front and middle legs and basal third of antenna? - bright yel- 
low; front coxae and femora often with a dilated black line; elytra tinged 
with purplish. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Southern half of the State, frequent; Marshall County, rare. 
May 18-June 26. Occurs on flowers of dogwood, red bud, wild 
rose, etc. 

III. Pseudeileus Horn. 1872. (Gr., "false + ebasus. ") 

Very small species having the elytra in the male obliquely pro- 
longed, tipped with yellow, and with a hook-like process above. 
Three species have been taken in Indiana, while one other may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSEUDEBiEUS. 

a. Last ventral segment of male yellow, deeply grooved lengthwise and 
deeply notched at tip. 

6. Thorax yellow. 1608. apicalis. 

1)1). Thorax black. 1609. oblitus. 

aa. Last ventral of male black, not grooved, slightly emarginate at tip. 

c. Thorax yellow. 1610. bicolob, 

cc. Thorax black. pusillus. 

1608 (5041). Pseudeb^us apicalis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825. 170; ibid. II. 279. 

Oblong, rather broadly expanded behind the middle. Black, slightly 
tinged with bluish ; thorax and legs pale dull yellow ; antenna with termi- 
nal joints piceous or dusky. Thorax broader than long, sides and angles 
rounded. Elytra slightly broader at base than thorax, gradually widened 



THE SOFT-WINGED FLOWER BE HT I. 



843 



behind, sinuate near the tip and prolonged in the male ; broadly dilated and 
obtusely rounded in the female. Length 1.7-2.2 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. May 24— June 5. 

1609 (5045). Pseudeb.ees oblitus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1852, 

167. 

Form of apicalis. Color above wholly black; antennae at base and legs 
pale dull yellow. Male characters as in apicalis. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Steuben County: rare. June 17. Swept from herbage in tam- 
arack swamp. Ranges from Canada to Georgia. 

1610 (5042). Pseudebjeus bicoloe Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 

1S52. 167. 

Similar to apicalis but with the thorax shorter and more rounded on 
the sides. Head reddish-yellow but darker than thorax. Male with ely- 
tra yellow at tip. Length 1.8—2 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 14— June 24. Occurs on 
soft maple and allied trees. 

P. pusillus Say. bluish-black, length 1.5 mm., occurs in the 
Southern States. 

IV. Attalcs Erichs. 1840. (Gr.. after King Attalus.) 

Species of small size, having the sec- 
ond joint of front tarsus of male pro- 
longed over the third and grooved be- 
neath. fPig. 328.) Nine species and 
two varieties have been taken in Indiana. 

TVir> c-r^o^-lr^ ,-.-,-<- "U^ Fig. 328. Front male tarsus of A ttalus as 

1 lie Species are based mostly On COlor see n from above and from the side. (After 

and merge into one another, so that a Horn ' } 

number of them will, in time, probably have to be suppressed or 
listed as \~arieties. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATTALUS. 

a. Head, thorax and elytra black or nearly so. 

&. Apical margin of elytra in male bordered narrowly with yellow: 
female wholly black. 1611. tebminalts. 

1)1). Apical margin of elytra not pale. 

c. Legs all pale ; broadly oval : length 1-1.5 mm. 1612, cbaxulabis. 
cc. Middle and hind legs black ; larger. 2.5-3.5 mm. 

d. Head wholly black : elytra black, shining. 1613. mobulvs. 

(Id. Clypeus and front legs pale : elytra sooty, opaque. 

1614. PALLXFBONS. 

aa. Body above bicolcred. the head, thorax or elytra in part or wholly yel- 
lowish or reddish-yellow, 
e. Head and thorax both wholly reddish-yellow. 




FA M ILY XLT. AlALACHTI DJE. 



/. Elytra entirely black, shining ; legs wholly yellow. 

1615. MELAXOPTEBES. 

ff. Elytra not wholly black. 

g. Tips of elytra narrowly reddish-yellow ; tibia? and tarsi yellow, 
femora marked with black. 1615a. rai\ mabgixipexnis. 

gg. Elytra reddish-yellow with one or two black spots. 
h. Elytra each with one small black spot on humerus. 

HUMEEALIS. 

hliz Elytra each with two black spots, one basal, one anteapical. 

1616. PETTITI. 

ee. Head and thorax not of one color. 

i. Thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra sooty ; front and middle tibia? pale. 

1617. oticsus. 

it. Thorax with discal black spot, the margins broadly pale. 

./'. Elytra with suture and side margins narrowly pale ; abdomen 
black. 161S. cibcemscbiptes. 

././'. Elytra either nearly wholly pale or black without pale side mar- 
gins. 

k. Suture and margin of elytra often black, the remainder dull 
reddish-yellow. 1619. scixcetus. 

fcfc. Entire elytra except tips black or piceous. 

1619a. var. coxfuses. 

1611 (5052). Attales termixalis Erichs.. Entom.. I. 1S40. 10S. 

Oblong, depressed, dilated behind the middle. Black, shining, sparsely 
pubescent ; tips of the male elytra and a narrow margin along their sides 
to beyond the middle pale yellow ; front and middle tibia? dusky or dull 
yellow. Length 2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 2-July 20. 

1612 (5054). Attalus gbaxulabis Erichs., Entom.. I, 1S40, 112. 
Broadly oval, much dilated behind the middle. Piceous black : legs all 

dull yellow. Elytra of female nearly as broad as long. Length 1.5 mm. 

Steuben and Kosciusko counties ; rare. .June 17— June 20. 
Taken by sifting debris in low. moist woods. 

1613 (5055). Attales mobiles Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI. 1S52. 

167. 

Oblong, feebly dilated behind. Wholly black, shining, very sparsely 
pubescent : legs piceous or dusky. Length 2.5 mm. 

Martin County; scarce. July 13. The females of this species 
are almost inseparable from those of terminalis. 

1614 (5056). Attalus pallifboxs Motsch.. Bull. Mosc. IV. 1859. 40S. 
Elongate-oblong, nearly parallel. Piceous black : clypeus. front legs 

and sometimes the narrow front margin and hind angles of thorax, dull 
yellow; elytra subopaque with a sooty appearance, sparsely and finely pu- 
bescent; middle and hind femora dusky, their tibia? paler. Length 3- 
3.5 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties ; scarce. May 11-July 10. 



THE SOFT - WIN G E D FLOWER BEETLES. 



845 



1615 (5057). Attalvs melanopterus Eriehs., Entoiu., I, 1840, 110. 
Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. Head, thorax, abdomen and 

legs, pale or reddish-yellow ; elytra and body beneath black ; hind femora 
piceous at tip. Surface shining and scarcely pubescent. Length 2.5 mm. 

Crawford and Jennings counties; scarce, -lime 26-July 10. 
Also a species of southern range. 

1615a ( ). Attalus melanopterus aiarginipennis var. nov. 

Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. Head, thorax, presternum and 
abdomen reddish-yellow; elytra black or blnish-black, their tips narrowly 
bordered with orange or reddish-yellow : front and middle legs yellow, the 
femora with blackish lines: hind femora and tibiae blackish, the tarsi yel- 
low ; antennae blackish, their basal joints reddish-yellow. Surface shining, 
finely pubescent. Length 2.S-3 mm. 

Crawford County; scarce. June 26-July 5. 

A. humeralis Horn, length 3 mm., was described from Illinois. 

1616 (5060). Attalvs pettiti Horn. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, IV, 1S72, 

124. 

Oblong, rather broadly dilated behind. Head, thorax, prosternum and 
abdomen reddish-yellow ; elytra dull orange yellow, reddish at tips, each 
with a humeral and larger anteapical spot black; legs pale reddish-yellow, 
hind femora, except at tips, piceous. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Kosciusko and Putnam counties ; rare. July 4— July 24. Known 
heretofore only from Canada. 

1617 (5063). Attalus otiosi s Say, Amer. Ent, I. 1S2S, 109, pi. 4S ; ibid. 

I, 109. 

Oblong-oval. Head black, pale yellow in front; thorax dull yellow, 
rarely with a median black stripe ; elytra sooty-black with a bluish tinge ; 
hind legs more or less piceous. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

One specimen in Webster collection labelled "Ind. " Said to 
be widely distributed over the Atlantic region. 

1618 (5064). Attalus circumscriptum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III. 1S23, 1S5 ; ibid. II, 119. 

Oblong, robust for the genus, rather feebly dilated 
behind. Head black, labrmn dull yellow ; thorax with a 
black median stripe, the side margins broadly pale ; ely- 
tra black with lateral and apical margins and suture dull 
yellow ; beneath black, the ventral segments edged behind 
with yellow ; legs dusky varied with dull yellow. Length 
3 mm. (Fig. 329.) 

Crawford County; not rare about Wyandotte 
Cave. May 12-May 27. A well marked member 
of the Austroriparian fauna. Hern says "it ap- 
pears to be almost entirely confined to the extreme Southern 
States." Taken also by Dury near Cincinnati. 




846 



FAMILY XLII. — CLERIDzE. 



1619 (5068). Attalus scincetus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 

170 ; ibid. II, 279. 

Oblong, feebly dilated behind. Above, usually dull yellow; occiput, a 
broad median stripe on thorax, scutellum and sutural stripe on basal half 
of elytra, blackish ; under surface, antennae and legs yellowish ; metasternum 
black. Length 3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common in the southern portion ; less so 
in the northern counties. April 21-June 13. Occurs on flowers of 
dogwood, red and black haw. wild hydrangea, wild rose, etc., in 
company with several other members of the genus. The sides of 
elytra are rarely dusky or brownish. 

1619a ( ). Attalus scincetus confusus var. nov. 

A color variety of scincetus in which the elytra, except the tips, are 
wholly piceous black and the median black stripe of thorax usually a little 
broader. Length 3 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties ; scarce. May 11-June 9. 

V. Alymeris Casey. 1895. 

Small or moderate-sized species, having the upper surface very 
coarsely, closely and deeply punctate ; last joint of maxillary palpi 
cone-shaped and gradually pointed; epipleuras rather wide and al- 
most equal in width from base to sutural angles of elytra, flat and 
finely punctate, their lower edges strongly serrulate; last joint of 
hind tarsi as long as the three preceding together. One species oc- 
curs in Indiana. 

1620 (5123). Alymeris cribata Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852, 

171. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Uniform piceous black, shining ; 
clothed with short, sparse, scarcely evident pubescence. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, sides strongly curved, margins serrate, surface coarsely 
and densely punctate. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly 
wider than thorax, coarsely and closely punctured. Length 2.2-2.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 2. Three specimens beaten from 
flowers of the false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L. A species of 
southern range belonging to the Austroriparian fauna. 

Family XLII. CLE RID /E.* 

The Checkered Beetles. 

The Cleridse comprise a rather large family, over one hundred 
and sixty species being known from the United States. The adults 



*The manuscript and illustrations for this family were prepared by Mr. A. B. Wolcott, of the Field Museum 
of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, who is the leading authority on North American Cleridse. I have added some 
additional characters to Mr. Wolcott's keys to render them more easily followed by beginners. — W. S. B. 



THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



847 



are handsome in color and varied in form, being for the most part 
elongate, graceful and pubescent. The thorax is generally elon- 
gate and often much narrower than the elytra and head; this, to- 
gether with the rather long legs, short antennae and more or less 
cylindrical form, gives to many of the species a very ant-like ap- 
pearance. Others, especially some of the members of the tribe 
Enopliini, strongly resemble some of the Lampyridae or fireflies. 

From allied families the Cleridae may be known by having the 
antennae 11-, rarely 10-jointed, inserted at the sides of the front, 
generally serrate, the outer joints larger, forming an open, or, less 
often, a compact club ; elytra usually entire or nearly so ; tarsi of 
all the legs 5-jointed, the first and fourth joints often very small 
and inconspicuous, and all but the fifth furnished with membranous 
appendages ; front coxae prominent, usually contiguous, rather large, 
the cavities usually open behind; hind coxae flat; ventral segments 
free (mobile), the first ventral not elongate; presternum not pro- 
longed behind. 

The Cleridae occur chiefly on flowers, recently cut timber, trunks 
and foliage of trees and. low shrubs. The species are predaceous in 
both the larval and adult stages, wood-boring species (Scolytidae, 
etc.), such as burrow in the sap-wood, being especially to their lik- 
ing. The slender form and short legs of the larvae enable them to 
enter the bores of their prey to feed on the early stages, and the 
adults are sufficiently active to capture and devour the perfect 
stage of various xylophagous Coleoptera. Some of the species are 
found in the nests and ill-kept hives of bees. The genus Necrolia, 
which has been generally supposed to be a carrion feeder, is prob- 
ably also carnivorous, as the investigations of Perris make it likely 
that they infest such refuse to capture and eat the Dipterous larvae 
which are so numerous in such situations. 

The principal synoptic paper dealing exclusively with the North 
American species is out of print and very difficult to procure. It 
and others treating of the family, are : 

LeConte. — " Synopsis of the Coleopterous Insects of the Group 
Cleridae which inhabit the United States," in Ann. N. Y. 
Lyc. Nat. Hist., V, 1849. 9-35. 

Wickham.— 'The Coleoptera of Canada— The Cleridae of On- 
tario and Quebec." in Can. Ent., XXVII, 1895, 247-253. 

Horn. — "Synopsis of the species of Cymatodera and Trichodes 
of the United States." in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. V. 1876, 
220-232. 

[54—23402] 



S4S 



FAMILY XUI. — CLERIDiE. 



Wolcott. — "The North American Species of Chariessa," in Ent. 
News, XIX, 1908, 70-72. 

About 161 species of Cleriche. belonging to 27 genera, are known 
from America north of Mexico. Of these 28 species and one va- 
riety, representing 14 genera, have been taken in Indiana. LeConte 
and Horn divide the family into two tribes, both of which are rep- 
resented by species taken in the State. 

KEY TO TRIBES OF THE FAMILY CLERKLY. 

a. Tarsi with fourth joint of normal size; disk of thorax continuous with 
the hanks. Tribe I. Clerixi. p. 848 

aa. Tarsi with the fourth joint very small and indistinct; disk of thorax 
separated from the flanks by a marginal line. 

Tribe II. Exopliixi. p. S57. 

Tribe I. CLERIXI. 

This tribe, which contains more than two-thirds of the Indiana 
species, is sufficiently characterized by having the fourth joint of 
the tarsi about equal in size to the third and the flanks of thorax 
continuous with disk; middle coxae scarcely prominent, moderately 
distant, except in Hydnocera, where they are but slightly sepa- 
rated; body always elongate. Of the 14 genera belonging to this 
tribe eight are known from Indiana, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO IXDIAXA GEXERA OF CLERIXI. 

a. Five joints of tarsi visible from above. 

l>. Terminal joint of antennas as long or longer than the preceding joints 
combined; elytral punctures confused; thorax with a discal black 

Spot. I. MOXOPHYLLA. 

1)1). Terminal joint never exceeding the four preceding joints combined in 
length ; elytral punctures in rows, 
c. Eyes finely granulated ; tarsal claws bifid at apex. Tillfs. 
cc. Eyes coarsely granulated, tarsal claws simply toothed. 

II. Cymatodera. 

aa. Four joints only of tarsi visible from above, the first joint very small, 
covered by the second ; tarsal claws toothed. 
(1. Eyes emarginate in front. 

e. Antenna? without distinct club, serrate. 

/. Eyes coarsely granulated; head and thorax dark reddish or 
chestnut-brown. III. Priocera. 

//. Eyes finely granulated. Cleroxomfs. 
ee. Antenna? with distinct club of three joints ; eyes finely granulated. 
g. Last joint of maxillary palpi slightly broader than the preceding 
joint ; antennal club triangular ; head and thorax dark blue. 

IV. Trichodes. 

go. Last joint of maxillary palpi slender. 



THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



849 



ft. Hmd tarsi rather broadly dilated; thorax with at most a nar- 
row shallow groove near apex, and w ithout a median line. 

V. EXOCLERL'S. 

lift. Hind tarsi slender and longer: thorax with a very deep salt- 
apical groove and with a median impressed line. 

VI. Than a si mis. 

dd. Eyes entire. 

i. Antennal club gradually formed, 3-jointed; elytra bright red. 

VII. Zexodosus. 

H. Antennal club small, subglobose. 2-jointed; elytra black or black 
and dull yellow. VIII. Hydxocera. 

I. Monophylla Spin. 1841. (Gr., " single 4- leaf.") 

Eyes deeply emarginate in front, nearly divided ; maxillary 
palpi cylindrical: last joint of labial palpi strongly dilated, hatchet- 
shaped; tarsi elongate, distinctly five-jointed: claws bidentate. An- 
tennae with terminal joint large, compressed, about equally as long 
(female) or very much longer ('male than all the preceding .joints 
combined. Three species are known from North America, one of 
which occurs in Indiana. 

1621 (5127). Moxophyli.a termixata Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I. 1835, 
160; ibid. II. 637. 
El aigate. subcylindrical. Black, moderately shining : 
thorax yellow with a large or small discal black spot : ely- 
tral flanks from humeri to middle and a transverse spur at 
middle (the latter sometimes wanting) yellow; abdomen en- 
tirely yellow, male, the apical ( sixth ) ventral segment black, 
female. Pubescence of elytra and abdomen grayish, mod- 
erately sparse, of thorax yellowish : that of discoidal spot 
and of occiput of head black, moderately long, dense and 
erect. Thorax cylindrical, longer than wide : its disk and 
that of elytra rather coarsely, denselv punctate. Length 4- no „ 

_ ■ rig. 330. Male. 

i mm. ( Fig. 330. ) y 4. 

(Original.) 

Posey Conntv; rare. June 4— June 6. = — 




Tillus collaris Spin., is known from Georgia and Texas, and has 
been taken by Dnry near Cincinnati. It is black, the thorax en- 
tirely or with disk red: length 5-5.5 mm. 

II. Cymatodera Gray. 1832. (Gr., • 1 wave - neck.") 

Eyes moderately emarginate in front ; maxillary palpi cylindri- 
cal; last joint of labial palpi strongly dilated, hatchet-shaped: tarsi 
elongate, distinctly 5-jointed; antenna? more or less serrate. Fifty 
species are known from North America, three of which have been 
taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 



850 



FAMILY XLII. — CLERID^. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYMATODERA. 

a. Last ventral segment in both sexes smaller than last dorsal and never 
deeply emarginate in the males. 
&. Body black, thorax (except apex and base) and legs reddish-yellow; 
last dorsal segment of male broadly emarginate. 1622. bicolor. 
~b~b. Uniform dark brown above. 

c. Last joint of antennae longer than joints 9 and 10 (female), or 
7, 8, 9 and 10 (male) ; legs unicolorous with elytra; last dorsal 
segment of male rounded at apex. brunnea. 
cc. Last joint of antenna? shorter than joints 9 and 10 in both sexes ; 
legs paler than elytra ; last dorsal segment of male feebly notched 
at apex. 1623. inornata. 

aa. Last ventral segment broader than the last dorsal, the sides of the 
former reflexed, partly enclosing the latter; last ventral emarginate; 
elytra brownish, with from one to three pale undulating crossbars, 
sometimes in great part dull yellow. 1624. undulata. 

1622 (5136). Cymatodera bicolor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, V, 

1825, 174 ; ibid. II, 282. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining ; thorax 
(except apical and basal margins), legs (except knees and 
apical fourth of femora), labrum, palpi and first two joints 
of antennae reddish-yellow ; under surface piceous. Antenna? 
feebly subserrate, joint two slightly shorter than three, three 
to ten similar, eleventh longer. Thorax bell-shaped, one- 
half longer than wide, strongly constricted behind the mid- 
dle, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra at base twice as 
wide as thorax, rarely with a more or less distinct undulate 
„. 001 crossbar, the punctures coarse, deep and close-set. Length 

Jbig. 661. 

X3J. 5.5-10 mm. (Fig. 331.) 

(Original.) : \ 

Starke, Marshall and Crawford counties; scarce. 
May 28-June 18. Beaten from foliage of oak. 

C. brunnea Melsh., dark brown, abdomen paler; elytra very 
coarsely and densely punctured, length 7.5-15 mm., ranges from 
New Jersey and Ohio to Texas and Arizona, 

1623 (5137). Cymatodera inornata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835. 

161 ; ibid. II, 638. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, broader behind. Uniform dark brown, rather 
thickly clothed with suberect yellowish hairs; antennse and base of femora 
reddish-brown, the former with last joint scarcely longer than the tenth. 
Thorax cylindrical, more than twice as long as wide ; sides feebly contracted 
before and behind the middle ; disk finely and rather sparsely punctured 
and with a small fovea at middle of base. Elytra at base one-half wider 
than thorax, thence gradually but distinctly widening to apical fourth ; the 
punctures rather coarse and deep. Length 7-8.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare, June 28, Described from Posey County. 




THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



851 



1624 (5147). Cymatodera undulata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 174; ibid. II, 282. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Brownish, sparsely pubescent; legs 
and abdomen dull yellow ; elytra either largely dull yellow or with from 
one to three pale, dentate crossbars. Antennae reddish-brown, their form 
as in Mcolor, but slightly longer. Thorax cylindrical, one-half longer than 
wide, rather coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as wide 
as base of thorax, the punctures coarse, deep and rather distant. Length 
9-12 mm. 

Elkhart, Wells and Marion counties; scarce. August 18-No- 
vember 23. Those on the latter date were found beneath the bark 
of a soft maple tree. 



III. Priocera Kirby. 1818. (dr., 11 serrate + horn. ") 

Eyes emarginate in front, coarsely granulated; maxillary palpi 
cylindrical ; last joint of labial palpi dilated, scarcely transverse ; 
tarsi short, apparently 4- jointed, claws simple. Two species are 
known from within our faunal limits, one of which is found in 
Indiana, 

1625 (5152). Priocera castanea Newm., Ent. Mag., Lond., V, 1837, 380. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and legs dark 
chestnut-brown, very shining, pubescence long and sparse; 
elytra reddish-brown with a broad, irregular blackish cross- 
bar behind the middle, each also with two yellow spots, one 
of which is near the suture and just behind the middle, the 
other in front of this and near the flank ; a third yellow spot 
often also on base near scutellum. Thorax convex, bell- 
shaped, strongly constricted near base, sparsely and finely 
punctate. Elytra with rows of rather coarse punctures, 
these gradually obsolete toward apex. Length 6.5-10 mm. 
(Fig. 332.) 

Kosciusko, Marion and Hancock counties; rare. 
July 11-July 20. 

Cleronomus melanopterns Dury, black, shining, front of head 
dull yellow, thorax pink, with a broad black furcate mark, length 
8 mm., was described from Cincinnati. 




Fig. !332. 

X E 3. 
(Original.) 



IV. Trichodes Herbst, 1792. (Gr., "hairy or shaggy.") 

Eyes deeply emarginate in front, finely granulated; maxillary 
palpi subcylindrical. last joint longer and slightly broader than the 
preceding; labial palpi strongly dilated; tarsi apparently four- 
jointed; antennal club 3- jointed, triangular. Ten species are 
known from North America, one of which occurs in Indiana, 



852 



FAMILY XLII. CLERTDJil. 




Fig. 333. 



1626 (5159). Tkichodes nuttalli Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.. XII, 
1818, 394. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax, legs and under 
surface dark blue, sometimes purplish or greenish-blue; ely- 
tra blackish-blue, with basal, median and subapical cross- 
bars, interrupted at suture, and also with the margin from 
humerus to middle, reddish-yellow, the humeral umbone blue. 
Thorax bell-shaped, coarsely, sparsely and shallowly punc- 
tate. Elytra coarsely, shallowly and irregularly punctate. 
Length 8-10.5 mm. (Fig. 333.) 

Porter, Kosciusko, Elkhart and Crawford coun- 
(OrigSd.) tie>s ' sc ' ar ce. June 28- August 6. The Porter County 
specimens were taken from blossoms of Opuntia. 

V. Enoclerus Gahan. 1910. (Gr., "iri-s- insects noxious to 

hives. ") 

Eyes distinctly emarginate in front, finely granulate; maxil- 
lary palpi slender ; labial palpi dilated ; tarsi apparently 4-jointed, 
claws broadly dentate; antenna! club. 3- join ted, rather abruptly en- 
larged, conical. About 30 species of this genus are known from 
North America, six of which have been taken in Indiana. One ad- 
ditional species and one variety may also occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ENOCLERUS. 

a. Elytra more or less broadly red at base. 

&. Median pale elytral crossbar very broad, not lunate ; larger, 8-12 mm. 

c. Width of median pale crossbar less than one-fourth the length of 

elytra ; body beneath usually red. 1627. quadeisignatus. 

cc. Width of median pale crossbar about one-third the length of ely- 
tra ; meso- and metasterna usually dark. 1628. ichneumoneus. 
Median pale crossbar narrow, lunate on each ely iron ; smaller spe- 
cies, 4-7 mm. 

d. Abdomen red. 1629. quadeiguttatus. 
dd. Abdomen black. 

e. Shining, slender ; elytral sculpture finer. 1630. nigbifbons. 

ee. Subopaque, rather robust ; elytral sculpture coarse. 

/. Disk of elytra without trace of costa?, their tips black; an- 
tenna? entirely red. analis. 
ff. Disk of elytra obsoletely co-state, the tips pale; antennre red. 
club dusky. 1631. bosmabus. 

aa. Elytra black at base. 

g. Elytra entirely black ; abdomen black. 1632. thobacicus. 

gg. Elytra with pale median crossbar ; abdomen red. var. bufiventbis. 

1627 (5165) T Enoclerus quadeisignatus Say, Eost. Jouru. Nat. Hist., I, 
1835, 162; ibid. II, 638. 
Elongate, moderately robust, strongly convex. Head, thorax, basal 
third of elytra and under surface dull red; apical two-thirds of elytra 



THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 853 

black, with two yellowish-white crossbars narrowly interrupted at suture, 
the broader one at middle, the narrower one on apical fourth; antennas and 
legs black. Thorax bell-shaped with a faint transverse groove in front of 
middle, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra rather coarsely and very 
densely punctate. Length 8-12 mm. 

Crawford County; scarce. June 25-September 4. 

1G28 (5171). Enoclerus iciinrumoneus Fabr., Gen. Ins 
Mant.. 1777, 230. 
Elongate, robust, convex, feebly shining. Head and tho 
rax pale brick red ; antenna 1 , legs, pro-, meso- and meta 
sterna black. Elytra black with a very broad median yel 
lowish crossbar, their basal margin narrowly and suture be 
fore the crossbar red. Thorax as in the preceding, the trans 
verse groove less evident. Elytra coarsely and densely punc- 
tate, their apical fourth densely clothed with grayish hairs 
Length S-ll mm. (Fig. 334.) 

Clark County; rare. May 15. 

1G29 (5167). Enoclerus qtjadriguttatus Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, No. 76, 18. 
pi. 2, fig. 23, a, 1). 

Elongate, moderately robust, snbdepressed, subopaque. Head, thorax 
and basal two-fifths of elytra dull red ; antennas, legs, meso- and metasterna. 
spot on head (often wanting) and apical three-fifths of elytra black; black 
portion of elytra with a narrow crossbar very near its front edge and a 
crossbar or spot (rarely wanting) on apical fourth, whitish. Thorax as in 
quadrisignatus. Elytra rather coarsely and densely punctured, the pale 
crossbar and apex clothed with dense grayish pubescence. Length 4.5- 
7 mm. 

Wells, Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. March 23-No- 
vember 7. The var. rufiventris Spin, has a range which should in- 
clude northern Indiana, 

1630 ( ). Enoclerus nigrifrons Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 190; ibid. II, 121. 

Elongate, subdepressed, very shining. Black or fuscous, legs in part 
and basal third of elytra dull red. Upper surface more finely punctate than 
in quadriguttatus, which it otherwise resembles. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. 

Laporte County; rare. June 27. Two specimens beaten from 
pine limbs near Dune Park. Listed as a synonym of quadrigut- 
tatus, but now regarded as a distinct species. 

E. analis Lee., red, under surface in great part and legs black; 
elytra, except base, black with two whitish crossbars, length 5.5-7 
mm., is known from Ohio. Illinois and westward. 




Fig. 334. 

X 2\. 
(Original.) 



854 



FAMILY XLII. — CLER1D M 



1631 (5169). En oc lerds bosmajrus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., Ill, 

1823, 190; ibid. II, 121. 
Elongate, convex, slightly wider behind. Dull red, subopaque; elytra 
with a narrow crossbar in front of middle and a much broader one on apical 
third, black, the two separated by a curved yellowish-white bar, apex also 
yellowish-white or pale red ; tibia? and outer joints of antenna? fuscous ; ab- 
domen black, polished. Thorax bell-shaped, finely and densely punctate. 
Elytra with coarse, dense confluent punctures, arranged in very irregular 
rows; intervals subcostate, especially at base, the pale crossbar and apex 
clothed with rather dense whitish hairs. Length 4-7 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State, common; not taken north of 
Marion and Vermillion counties. May 21-September 16. Occurs 
especially on the foliage of the greater horseweed. 

1632 (5180). Enocleeus thoracicus Oliv., Ent, IV, 1795, No. 76, 18, pi. 2, 

fig. 22, a, &. 

Elongate, slightly wider behind, subdepressed. Black, often with a 
bluish or violaceous tinge ; thorax and sometimes the front of head reddish- 
yellow, the former with a large black discal spot on basal half (this rarely 
extending to front margin) ; legs and antenna? very rarely dusky yellow. 
Elytra rather coarsely and very densely punctate, obsoletely costate. Length 
5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 4-June 28. Occurs on 
foliage in damp meadows. 

VI. Thanasimus Latr. 1806. (Gr., "mortal.") 

Eyes emarginate in front, finely granulated; maxillary palpi 
slender; labial palpi dilated; antennal club loosely 3-jointed, very 
gradually enlarged; tarsi apparently 4-jointed, slender, elongate, 
claws broadly toothed. Four species are known from America 
north of Mexico, one of which occurs in Indiana, 

1633 (5184). Thanasimus dubius Fabr., Gen. Ins. Mant, 1777, 229. 

Elongate, depressed, subopaque, somewhat wider behind. 
Head, thorax, under surface and base of elytra dull red; 
antennae and legs varying from red to pitchy black, the legs 
usually red, the tibiae black ; elytra in great part black, with 
a narrow angulate crossbar in front of middle and a broader 
sinuate one near apex formed of dense recumbent grayish- 
white hairs. Thorax bell-shaped, finely and densely punc- 
tate and with a deep curved transverse groove in front of 
middle and a median impressed line behind the groove. Ely- 
tra with rows of coarse punctures on basal half, these grad- 
Fi s . 335. ^ ually indistinct toward apex. Length 7.5-9 mm. (Fig. 335.) 
(Original.) Lake and Elkhart counties; rare. July 23- Au- 

gust 9. . 




THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



855 



VII. Zenodosus Wolcott. 1910. (Gr. 3 a proper name.) 

Eyes small, entire, finely granulated; maxillary palpi moder- 
ately compressed; labial palpi triangular, moderately dilated; an- 
tennas stout, club loosely and gradually formed, 3-jointed; tarsi ap- 
parently 4-jointed, rather slender, claw joint as long as those pre- 
ceding united, claws simple. The only known species is North 
American. 

1634 (5186). Zenodosus sanguineus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. 
Hist., I, 1835, 162; ibid. II, 639. 
Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and under sur- 
face fuscous-brown; apical joints of antenme, legs and ab- 
domen usually dull red; elytra bright crimson or blood-red, 
feebly shining. Head and thorax densely and confluently 
punctate. Elytra coarsely, densely and rather deeply punc- 
tate, the sides subparallel. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 336.) 

Kosciusko, Marion. Putnam and Dubois counties; 
scarce. April 17-December S. Occurs beneath bark 
and moss. 

VIII. Hydnocera Newm. 1838. (Gr., "swollen + horn.") 

Eyes entire, finely granulated; maxillary palpi cylindrical, 
smaller toward apex of terminal joint; labial palpi elongate, 
strongly dilated; antenna? nearly filiform, club abruptly formed, 
compact, subglobose, 2-jointed, the terminal joint very small; tarsi 
apparently 4-jointed, rather slender, short, claws broadly toothed 
at base. About 45 species of this genus are known from America 
north of Mexico. Six of these have been taken in Indiana, while 
three or four others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDNOCEEA. 

a. Thorax broader than long or the length and width subequal. 
&. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen. 

c, Very elongate, strongly convex ; black, elytra with a whitish cross- 
bar just behind the middle. 1635. tjnifasciata. 
cc. More robust and less convex ; elytra without crossbar. 

d. Flanks of thorax distinctly tuberculate; elytra not densely pu- 
bescent, the humeri usually red. 1636. humeralis. 
M. Flanks of thorax broadly rounded; elytra very densely clothed 
with short grayish pubescence. pubescens. 
b~b. Elytra shorter than abdomen. 

e. Head including the eyes narrow; elytra parallel. pedaus. 
ee. Head including the eyes broad ; elytra more or less narrowing to- 
ward their tips. 




856 



FAMILY XLII. — CLERJDJS. 




/. Head black, feebly shining, finely rugose ; elytra coarsely, dense- 
ly, somewhat confidently punctate. 1637. pallipennis. 
ff. Head in part pale, very shining, nearly smooth, not rugose ; ely- 
tra coarsely, less densely, not confidently punctate. 

1638. VERTICALIS. 

aa. Thorax conspicuously longer than broad ; elytra shorter than abdomen 
(except in tricondylw) . 
g. Elytra at base narrower than at apical third. tricondyi^e. 
gg. Elytra at base as wide or wider than at apical third. 
h. Thorax fully one-half longer than broad. 

*. Flanks of elytra parallel, only slightly abbreviated. schustert. 
ii. Flanks of elytra convergent behind, but slightly more than one- 
half the length of abdomen. 1639. longicolus. 
lih. Thorax very nearly twice as long as wide. 1640. tabida. 

1635 (5189). Hydnocera unifasciata Say, Journ. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 176 ; ibid. II, 284. 
Elongate, rather strongly convex. Bluish-black ; sparse- 
ly clothed with erect yellowish hairs ; antenna? and tarsi dull 
yellow. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides tuber cu- 
late. Elytra coarsely, deeply, closely punctate, the narrow 
post-median Crossbar interrupted at suture and densely 
clothed with prostrate whitish hairs. Length 3.5^.5 mm. 
(Fig. 337.) 

R x5i 37 ' Orange and Crawford counties; rare. May 30- 

Jime 2. Beaten from foliage of oak and hickory. 

1636 (5193). Hydnocera humeralis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1823, 192; ibid. II, 122. 
Elongate, less strongly convex. Violaceous or bluish-black ; elytra dark 
blue, humeri usually red ; antennae and legs, especially the front pair, usual- 
ly in great part reddish. Thorax one-third wider than long, constricted 
near base and apex, the sides moderately tuberculate. Elytra parallel, 
more finely and densely punctate than in unifasciata. Length 3.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Starke, Elkhart and Crawford counties; scarce. June 1- 
June 24. The tips oE elytra are sometimes dull yellow. In var. 
difficiUs Lec. the elytra are unicolorous. 

H. pubescens Lec, dark blue, antenna? and front legs dull yel- 
low, length 3.5-4.5 mm., and H. pedalis Lec.-, black, with a bluish 
tinge, elytra only slightly shorter than abdomen, 4.5 mm. in length, 
are both known from Illinois. The latter has also been taken in 
Ohio. 

1637 (5199). Hydnocera pallipennis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 176 ; ibid. II, 283. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Black, with a tinge of bronze; antenna? and 
legs pale; elytra dull yellowish, the side margins, apex, suture and a me- 
dian crossbar brownish or black, the markings often reduced in extent. 



THE CHECKERED BEETL1&. 



857 



Thorax fully as long as wide, the sides feebly tuberculate. Elytra as de- 
scribed in key. Length 3-5 mm. 

I ake County ; rare. July 13. One specimen taken near Millers. 

1638 (5203). Hydnocera yeeticalis Say, Bost. Jonru. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 

164; ibid. II, 640. 

Elongate, moderately convex. Black, sparsely clothed with suberect 
hairs; head pale yellowish, with a black oblong spot (often wanting) on 
vertex ; antenme and legs pale ; thorax often with a pale stripe or triangu- 
lar spot each side ; elytra with base dull yellow, rarely entirely black, some- 
times entirely pale with tips only black. Thorax cylindrical, as wide as 
long. Elytra strongly narrowing from base to apex, two-thirds the length 
of abdomen ; coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 17-July 4. Beaten from 
hickory limbs. 

H. tricondylm Lee, greenish olive-bronze, antennas piceous, legs 
and palpi dull yellow, length 4-A.5 mm., and H. scJiusteri Lee, 5-5.5 
mm. in length, black, antenna? pale yellow, legs and elytra in part 
reddish-yellow, are both known from Illinois. 

1639 (5206). Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 44. 

Elongate, moderately convex. Bluish-black; antennre and legs and 
often the front of head, pale yellow ; elytra usually with a pale subsutural 
stripe at base, this sometimes dilated so as to leave only the extreme tips 
black. Thorax cylindrical, one-half longer than wide. Elytra rather closely 
but not very coarsely punctate, the sides converging towards apex. Legs 
elongate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Steuben, Lawrence, Dubois, Perry and Posey counties; scarce. 
May 23- June 17. Taken by sweeping low herbage, especially in 
moist places. Said to breed in hickory and witch-hazel. 

1640 (5205). Hydnocera tabida Lee, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist, V, 

1849, 29. 

Very elongate, subdepressed. Bluish-black; antenna?, mouth parts and 
legs pale reddish-yellow. Thorax subcylindrical, nearly twice as long as 
wide. Elytra parallel, distinctly shorter than abdomen, widely dehiscent at 
suture, coarsely and rather densely punctate. Legs very elongate. Length 
5-7 mm. 

Dubois County; rare. May 24-May 25. 

Tribe II. ENOPLIINI. 

The members of this tribe are easily recognizable by having the 
fourth joint of the tarsi atrophied, the tarsi thus appearing, when 
viewed from above, to be 4- jointed, except in Ortkopleura, where but 
three joints are visible. The flanks of thorax are separated from 
the disk by a more or less distinctly elevated marginal line. In 



858 



FAMILY XLII. — CLERIDJE. 



the males of most genera the inner angles of the first two joints of 
the antenna! club are much prolonged. Ten genera are represented 
in America north of Mexico, six of which are known from Indiana, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF ENOPLIINI. 

a. Three outer joints of antennae very large, flat, dilated ; six segments of 
abdomen visible. 
&. Eyes emarginate on inner side; antennae 10-jointed. 

c. Last joint of both pair of palpi elongate-triangular ; eyes broadly 

emarginate. IX. Phyllob^nus. 

cc. Last joint of labial palpi obconic; last joint of maxillaries sub- 
cylindrical, truncate at apex; eyes narrowly but deeply emargi- 
nate; body very elongate. Ellipotoma. 
~bb. Eyes emarginate in front. 

d. Basal joint of tarsi not smaller than second, visible from above. 
e. Antennae 11-jointed, joints 2 to 8 distinct. 

f. Sides of thorax rounded, not constricted before the base; form 
rather broad, resembling that of certain fireflies. 

X. Chaeiessa. 

ff. Sides of thorax sinuate, angulately enlarged behind the mid- 
dle, constricted before the base. XL Cregya. 
ee. Antennae 10-jointed, joints 2 to 8 indistinct. XII. Pyticeea. 
dd. Basal joint of tarsi small and short, covered by the second ; black, 
thorax yellow. XIII. Orthopleura. 
aa. Three outer joints of antennae forming a small compact club ; five seg- 
ments of abdomen visible. XIV. Necrobia. 

IX. Phyllob^nus Spin. 1844. (Gr., "leaf + to go.") 

Eyes emarginate on inner sides ; last joint of both pairs of palpi 
very elongate, triangular ; labial palpi a little larger than the maxil- 
lary ; antennas 10-jointed, joint 7 very small, joints 8, 9 and 10 much 
larger than the preceding, depressed, last joint ovate, club shorter 
than funicle; tarsi slender, short, fourth joint rudimentary, claws 
strongly toothed at base. Two species are known from the United 
States, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

1641 (5210). PHYLLOByENUs DiSLOCATUs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V, 1825, 176; ibid. II, 284. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, moderately shining ; an- 
tennae, mouth parts and legs yellow, often more or less fus- 
cous; elytra each with an oblique pale yellow stripe extend- 
ing from humerus to suture at basal third, thence along su- 
ture to just behind middle, where it usually connects with a 
narrow undulate yellow crossbar ; also usually a small yel- 
low subapical spot. Thorax subcylindrical, widest near base ; 
surface, as well as that of head, densely and rather finely 
Fig. 338. x 4. punctate. Elytra with rows of very coarse, quadrate, deep 
(Original.) an( j c i ose ]y placed punctures. Length 3.5-6 mm. (Fig. 338.) 




THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



859 



Kosciusko, Marion, Vermillion, Perry and Posey counties; 
scarce. March 31-June 20. Has been bred from twigs of butter- 
nut. 

Ellipotoma laticornis Say, very elongate, slender, black, with 
each side of thorax and a broad, lengthwise median stripe on head, 
orange-yellow, length 5-6.5 mm., ranges from Ohio and Illinois 
eastward. 

X. Chariessa Perty. 1830. (Gr., "pleasing.") 

Eyes emarginate in front; palpi subequal, last joint triangular, 
slightly longer than wide; antennae 11-jointed, joints 9, 10 and 11 
together as long or longer than the funicle, very large, dilated, 
triangular, first two joints of club more or less prolonged at inner 
angles; tarsi dilated, first three joints distinctly lamellate, fourth 
joint very small, claws simple. Five species are known from 
America north of Mexico, one of w T hich and its named variety are 
found in Indiana. 

1642 (5215). Chariessa pilosa Forst, Nov. Spec. Ins., 
1771, 49. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Black, subopaque; thorax red- 
dish, with two wide black stripes which are convergent and 
usually connected at base. Elytra rather finely, densely and 
somewhat roughly punctate. Length 7.5-13 mm. (Fig. 339.) 

Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko and Perry counties; 
scarce. May 30-June 24. Has been bred from the 
twigs of hickory and butternut. Male - (Original.) 

1642a (5215a). Chaeiessa pilosa onusta Say, Amer. Ent, III, 1828, pi. 41 ; 
ibid. I, 89. 

Differs from the typical form only in having the suture and side mar- 
gins of elytra yellowish, the femora usually pale at base. 

Crawford and Posey counties ; rare. May 16-June 4. 



XI. Cregya Lec. 1861. (Gr., "charming.") 

Eyes emarginate in front; both pairs of palpi hatchet-shaped, 
the last joint of labial pair larger; antennae 10- or 11-jointed, club 
3-jointed, about equal in length to funicle, first two joints triangu- 
lar, last joint elongate-ovate; tarsi short, rather broad, first joint 
equal to second, fourth very small, first three joints distinctly 
lamellate, claws thickened or feebly toothed at base. Of the seven 
species known from North America one has been taken in Indiana, 
while two others may occur. 




860 



FAMILY XTJ1. — CLERJD2E 




KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CBEGYA. 

a. Antennae 11-jointed; surface of thorax very uneven; elytra coarsely, 
sparsely punctate at apex. leucoph^ea. 
aa. Antennae 10- jointed. 

b. Thorax with longitudinal area on disk, sparsely and rather finely 
punctate; elytra pitchy black, the sutural and side margins pale. 

1643. oculata. 

M. Thorax with discal area coarsely, rather densely and somewhat 
irregularly punctate ; elytra pale yellowish, with black markings. 

MIXTA. 

C. Jeucophcm King, (vctusta Spin.), elongate; piceons, legs an- 
nulate with yellow; elytra white, base and apex widely brown; 
length 7.5-11 mm., has been taken at Lexington, Illinois. 
1643 (5218). Cbegya oculata Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 163; 
ibid. II, 639. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black or piceous, shining; tho- 
rax pale yellowish with an oblong black spot each side ; spot 
on front between the eyes, mouth parts, sutural and side 
margins of elytra, pro- and mesosterna and legs yellow ; 
knees, front tibiae and all the tarsi often piceous. Elytra 
nearly parallel, with rows of coarse, deep, quadrate punc- 
tures, these gradually smaller and becoming obsolete at apex. 
Length 4-6.5 mm. (Fig. 340.) 

Starke, 1 awrence and Posey counties; rare. June 
4-July 3. Beaten from the foliage of wild grape. 
C. mixta Lee, 3.5-4.5 mm. in length, is known from Maryland, 
Kentucky and Ohio, and probably occurs in southern Indiana, 

XII. Pyticera Spin. 1844. 

Eyes finely granulate, often deeply emarginate ; palpi elongate- 
triangular; antenna- 10- jointed, joints 8 to 10 forming a large 
dilated club, longer than the funicle ; tarsi short and broad, four 
joints visible from above, the first three lamellate; claws at base 
with a tooth-like thickening. 

1644 (5220). Pyticeea quadripunctata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
III, 1823, 188 ; ibid. I, 90. 
Elongate-oval. Black, shining; elytra bright red, each 
with two large rounded black spots, the first of these before, 
the other just behind the middle. Thorax subcylindrical, 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra gradually widened from 
base to apex, rather finely, shallowly and roughly punctate. 
Club of antennas in male three times as long as funicle, the 
inner angles of joints 8 and 9 produced into very long stout 
branches; club shorter in the female and rami wanting. 
Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 341.) 

Posey County; one specimen from near New Har- Ma^and inters of 
mony. May 6. Beaten from the flowers of Crataegus. ^ 



Fig. 340. X 4. 
(Original.) 




THE CHECKERED BEETLES. 



861 



. XIII. Orthopleufa Spin. 1S44. (Gr., "straight + side.") 

Eyes coarsely granulate, emarginate in front; palpi subequal, 
cylindrical or obconic ; antenna? 11- jointed, joints 9 to 11 forming 
a large club, internal angles of joints 9 and 10 more or less pro- 
duced, club much longer than funiele : tarsi rather short, first joint 
covered by the second, second and third furnished with lamellae, the 
fourth invisible, the fifth nearly as long as preced- 
ing joints combined, claws toothed. One of the two 
known North American species occurs in the State. 

1645 (5225). Orthopleura damicoenis Fabr., Ent. Syst. 
Suppl., 1798, 117. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Black ; thorax red, its base 
and apex usually black or infuscate ; elytra often with a 
more or less distinct pale crossbar at middle. Thorax 
cylindrical, sides sinuate, hind angles obtuse, disk finely 
and densely punctate. Elytra parallel, rather coarsely 
and densely punctate. Length 3.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 342.) 

Kosciusko, Monroe, Lawrence, Orange, Knox 
and Posey counties; scarce. June 2-August 7. ' 




Fig. 342. X 5. 
(Original.) 



XIV. Necrobia Latr. 1796. (Or., " corpse + to live.") 

Eyes entire, coarsely granulate; last joint of palpi nearly cylin- 
drical, slightly dilated; ante rime 11- jointed, club rather small, com- 
pact, 3-jointed ; tarsi moderately short and broad, fourth joint very 
inconspicuous, claws toothed at base. Three cosmopolitan species 
represent this genus in North America, all of which occur in In- 
diana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NECROBIA. 

a. Red; head, antennae and abdomen black; elytra blue or green, base 

broadly red. 1646. ruficollis. 
aa. Dorsal surface blue or green. 

1). Legs and basal joints of antennae red. 1647. rufipes. 

1)1). Legs and antennae dark. 1648. violacea. 

1646 (5231). Necrobia ruficollis Fabr., Syst. Ent, 1775, 57. 
Oblong-oval, robust. Color given in key. Head and tho- 
rax at sides densely, rather coarsely punctate. Elytra with 
rows of fine but very distinct punctures, becoming gradually 
finer behind but evident nearly to apex. Length 4-5 mm. 
(Fig. 343.) 

Indiana, Stein collection; frequent. 

1647 (5230). Necrobia rufipes DeG., Mem. Ius., V, 1775, 
105, pi. 15, fig. 4. 

Elongate-oblong, robust. Color given in key. Head and 
thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra finely 




Fig. 343. X 5. 
(Original.) 



862 



FAMILY XLTII. — PTHNTIDjE. 



transversely rugose with rows of rather coarse punctures at base. Length 
3.5-6 mm. 

Indiana, Stein collection; frequent. 

1648 (5232). Necbobia violacea Linn., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1758, 356. 

Elongate-oblong, robust. Uniform dark blue or green. Head and tho- 
rax rather coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra with rows of rather 
coarse punctures, becoming fainter behind the middle; intervals irregular, 
finely punctulate. Length 3.2-4.5 mm. 

Lake. Vigo. Dubois, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. 
April 11-Ma.y 17. This and the other two species occur together 
with Dermestids and certain Nitidulids on the bones and skins of 
old carrion. The Dermestids are known as "skin beetles" and the 
species of Necrobia and the Nitidulids which occur with them as 
"bone beetles." 



Family XLIII. PTINIDiE. 
The Death-watch Beetles. The Drug Store Beetles. 

A family of medium size containing species rarely exceeding 
one-fourth of an inch in length, which live for the most part on dry 
vegetable or animal matter, usually the former, which is just be- 
ginning to decay. Many of them are therefore found about cellars, 
old houses and outbuildings, into the woodwork of which they bore, 
making meanwhile a ticking sound that gives them the name of 
"death-watch." Others occur in drug and grocery stores, where 
they feed upon cayenne pepper, cigars, dried roots, etc., and still 
others in the forest and open woodland beneath the bark and dead 
leaves. They vary greatly in form, so that no general popular 
description is possible, and only the fact that the thorax extends 
forward in a hood-like fashion over the head is of general applica- 
tion. The head is usually well bent under, and not visible from 
above, and the general color is either cinnamon-brown or black. 
The name P turns, that of the typical genus upon which the family 
name is based, is from a Greek word meaning "to decay" or 
"destroy," and applies to the habits of the best known species, 
which have been carried by commerce over the entire globe. 

The principal characters of the Ptinidae, briefly stated, are as 
follows : Maxillae exposed at base, with two ciliate lobes, the palpi 
short, four-jointed; antennae inserted upon the front (Ptininae) or 
at the sides of the front in the other subfamily, variable in form, 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



9 to 11-jointed; head retractile, usually protected by the thorax; 
labrum distinct; thorax with the side pieces not separate; elytra 
entire, with distinct epipleurse ; abdomen with five free ventral seg- 
ments; front and middle coxa? cylindrical or sub-globose, the coxal 
cavities rounded, open behind; hind coxae transverse; tarsi five- 
jointed. 

The larva? of the Ptinidas occur with the adults, and are white, 
soft, grub-like creatures, covered with short, stiff hairs or bristles, 
and when at rest lie in a curved position like the common white 
grubs of the genus Lachno sterna, They have six legs, but usually 
move by drawing themselves along on their sides. Only a few spe- 
cies, comprising those feeding upon drugs and upon the wood of 
living trees, are economically important and injurious. The others 
may be classed as innoxious. 

The principal literature treating of the North American forms 
is as follows: 

jr eC ont "Prodromus of a Monograph of the Species of the 
Tribe Anobiini, the Family Ptinidaa inhabiting North Amer- 
ica," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 222-244. 
Fall, H. C.— 1 Revision of the Ptiniclae of Boreal America," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXI, 1905, 97-296. 
Casey.— 'Studies in the Ptinida\ Cioidae and Sphindidae of 

America," in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VI, 1898, 61-93. 
LeConte and Horn, in their "Classification," and Henshaw, in 
his Check List, recognize four subfamilies of Ptinidse. Fall, in his 
latest work, recognizes but two, viz., Ptininm and AnoUince, rele- 
gating the Lydince to the family Cucujidae, as proposed by Maj. 
Casey, and proposing a separate and independent family for the 
subfamily Bostrichina}. Sharp regards these two subfamilies as 
forming the family Bostrichidaj, and they are so recognized in the 
present paper. 

Fall, in his Revision, records 53 genera and 259 species of 
Ptinidae as belonging to the North American fauna, 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PTINIME. 

a. Antennse inserted upon the front of head and rather close together at 
base ; thorax without side margin. 

Subfamily I. Ptinin.e, p. S64. 
aa. Antennse inserted on the sides of head in front of eyes and usually dis- 
tant at base ; thorax usually margined at sides. 

Subfamily II. Anobiin.-e, p. S6G. 

155—23402] 



864 



FAMILY XLIII. PTINTMC. 



Subfamily I. PTININAE. 

Our members of this subfamily are small-sized species having 
the antennae inserted on the front and more or less approximate at 
base, rather long and moderately stout, filiform or feebly serrate. 
11- jointed. Head and thorax small, the latter without side mar- 
gins, the disk frequently swollen or tubereulate. Elytra much 
wider than thorax, usually oval or globose. Legs long, not con- 
tractile, with trochanters in the axils of the thighs ; tibia? with two 
small or minute terminal spurs; tarsal claws simple, strongly di- 
vergent. Representatives of but two of the eight genera have as 
yet been taken in Indiana, though those of one other should occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEBA OF PTININ.E. 

a. Elytra not punctured, polished, widely embracing the abdomen at the 
sides; ventral surface about one-third the width of elytra. 
h. Head and thorax entirely glabrous; eyes subfrontal; ventral seg- 
ments four. Gibbium. 
1)1). Head and thorax densely covered with small scales and scale-like 
hairs ; eyes on sides of head ; thorax tubereulate ; ventral segments 
five. I. Mezium. 

aa. Elytra with rows of punctures, pubescent, much less widely embracing 
the abdomen, parallel in males, oval in some females; ventral sur- 
face nearly equal in width to elytra ; eyes large ; thorax strongly con- 
stricted behind. II. Ptinus. 

Gibbium psylloides Czemp., upper surface glabrous, under sur- 
face with dense short, yellowish hairs, occurs in houses from Vir- 
ginia to California. 

I. Mezium Curtis. 1828. 

Small species having the eyes very small, elliptical, flat and 
widely separated; entire surface except the elytra densely clothed 
with pale yellow scales and scale-like hairs; elytra smooth, much 
inflated, highly polished; last antennal joint but little longer than 
tenth, oval, pointed; ventral surface greatly contracted, segments 
one to four short ; fifth equal to all the preceding united. One 
species occurs throughout the United States. 

1649 (5236). Mezium amekicanum Lap.. Hist. Nat. des Coleop., I, 1837, 
297. 

Oval, the elytra subglobose. Dull yellow ; elytra piceous, shining. Tho- 
rax subcylindrical, sulcate on middle of disk, sides with obtuse tubercles. 
Elytra very smooth, highly polished. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marion County; rare. June 20. A single specimen from box 
which had contained dried insects. Occurs in houses, where it is 
said to breed in all sorts of dried animal substances. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



865 



II. Ptinus Linn. 1767. (dr., "to decay or destroy.") 

Antennas filiform, first joint robust, second smallest, 3 to 11 
elongate, subequal; elytra variously clothed with recnmbent hairs 
or scales and erect bristles. Two species are in the collection from 
the State, and four others probably occur, two of them having been 
taken by Dury at Cincinnati. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTINUS. 

a. Elytra dissimilar in form in the sexes; elongate, subparallel in male; 
oval, more or less swollen in female ; fourth ventral segment short ; 
female without inner wings. 
J). Sehe of elytra! intervals equal or subequal in length. 

c. Erect hairs of elytra shorter ; sub-basal and subapical patches of 
pale scales on elytra conspicuous, especially in the female; head 
alutaceous. 1650. fur. 

cc. Erect hairs of elytra longer; sub-basal and subapical spots of scales 
wanting on male elytra, represented on those of female by coarse 
appressed hairs on the humeral region only ; surf ace of head pol- 
ished. 1651. BRUNNEUS. 

hi). Alternate elytra! intervals with longer erect hairs ; length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

VILLIGER. 

aa. Elytra oblong, more or less elongate, in both sexes; fourth ventral seg- 
ment longer ; both sexes winged. 
d. Elytra without recumbent hairs in addition to the erect ones; color 
black, head, thorax and sometimes base of elytra rufous. falli. 
dd. Elytra with pale recumbent hairs in addition to erect ones. 

e. Black, the humeri and apex of elytra bright rufous ; elytra with 
post-humeral and anteapical bands of white recumbent hairs con- 
spicuous. BIMACULATUS. 
ee. Rufous; elytra with a broad black or piceous median band, inter- 
rupted at suture; male with form very elongate and antennae as 
long as body; thorax not swollen. quadbimacuiatus. 

1650 (5239). Ptinus fur Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 1766, 566. 

Elongate-oval, male ; oval, more robust, female. Pale brown or dull 
reddish-yellow, male ; darker brown, female. Thorax a little narrower than 
head, nearly as wide as long, sides parallel in front, strongly constricted be- 
hind; disk feebly tuberculate and with a tuft of yellowish hairs each side 
of median impressed line. Elytra elongate, parallel, with prominent humeri, 
male ; elongate-oval without humeri, female : striae slightly impressed, 
coarsely punctate ; surface with patches of pale scales behind the humeri 
and on apical third, these conspicuous, especially in female. Length 2.8- 
3.5 mm. 

Hamilton and Posey counties; scarce. June 7— July 12. Prob- 
ably throughout the State. An Old World species, widely dis- 
seminated by commerce. Said to be often injurious to museum 
specimens. 



866 



FAMILY XLIII. PTTNTDJE. 



1651 (5240). Ptinus bsunjneus Duft. Faun. Austral.. III. 65. 

Very similar to fur, from which it is dis- 
tinguished mainly by characters given in key. 
Color more often pale brown in both sexes. 
Elytra without trace or patches of recumbent 
scales except near humerus in the female, 
and these often lacking. Head behind the 
antennae polished and with strong punctures, 
these visible only when the scales are re- 
moved. Length 2.7-3.5 mm. (Fig. 344. I 

Hamilton, Marion, Putnam, Craw- 
ford and Posey comities; frequent. 
April 24r-Deeember 22. Occurs in old 
buildings and outhouses. Also an intro- 
duced species. 

P. villiger Reit., is known from New England, Michigan and 
westward; P. falli Pic, length 2.3-3 mm., is recorded from Ohio 
and Kentucky; P. bimaculatus Melsh., length 2-2.8 mm., is re- 
corded from Michigan, Pennsylvania and Missouri, while P. quadri- 
maculatus Melsh., length 3-3.2 mm., is reported from Ohio. 




Fig. 344. Male. (After Forbes.) 



Subfamily II. ANOB INAE. 

The insects of this subfamily are mostly of a slightly depressed, 
sub cylindrical form, but vary to broadly oval or nearly globular. 
The antenna? are distant at base and inserted just in front of the 
eyes, which are rounded and usually prominent. Head deflexed 
and nearly or quite invisible from above. Hind coxa?, except in the 
first tribe, more or less sulcate for the reception of the femora. 
Fall divides the subfamily into six tribes, all of which are repre- 
sented in Indiana. 



KEY TO TEIBES OF AN0BIIN2E. 

a. Front of head not margined, nor with impressed line over the base of 
antennse ; hind coxae not grooved for the reception of thighs ; thorax 
not margined at sides. Tribe I. Hedobiini, p. ROT: 

aa. Front of head margined more or less acutely or with an impressed line 
above the antenna? ; hind coxa? more or less distinctly grooved ; tho- 
rax margined at sides, except very rarely. 
b. Antenna? of male never fan-shaped, at most pectinate; front tibiae 
not toothed and denticulate on the outer side ; form and sculpture 
similar in both sexes, 
c. Head in repose received upon the under surface of the thorax. 
(1. Thorax not excavated beneath, the head free. 

Tribe II. Dryoi-Iiliki. p. SC»7. 
dd. Thorax excavated beneath for the reception of the head. 

Tribe III. Anobiixi. p. Sf»S. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



867 



cc. Head very strongly deflexed and retracted, the mandibles nearly 
or quite reaching the metasternum. 
e. Metasternum and first ventral segment not grooved for the re- 
ception of middle and hind legs ; form oblong or elongate-oval ; 
head impressed or excavated beneath for the reception of the 
antennae. Tribe IV. Xyletinini, p. 873. 

ee. Middle and hind legs received in excavations on metasternum 
and first ventral segment; form varying from elongate-oval to 
globose; antennae usually received between the front coxae. 

Tribe V. Dorcatomini, p. 876. 
1)1). Antennae of male strongly fan-shaped; outer margin of front tibia? 
prolonged at tip in a horizontal tooth, the margin above the tooth 
finely denticulate; form and sculpture varying in the sexes, the 
former usually cylindrical ; thorax not distinctly excavated be- 
neath. Tribe VI. Ptilinini, p. 885. 

Tribe I. HEDOBIINI. 

The two genera comprising this tribe were placed by LeConte 
and Horn in the subfamily Ptininse, but were transferred by Fall 
to the Anobiinm. One of the two is represented in the eastern 
United States, including Indiana, by a single species. 

III. Eucrada Lee. 1861. (Gr., "good + rust,") 

Antennas widely separated at base, being inserted near the inner 
margin of the eye, pectinate in male, quite strongly serrate in fe- 
male ; elytra with somewhat irregular rows of punctures. 

1652 (5245). Eucrada humeralis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1845, 310. 

Oblong, moderately elongate. Dull 
black; thorax, except basal and apical 
margins, and humeri of elytra, reddish- 
yellow. Head granulate, densely clothed 
with grayish-yellow hairs. Thorax about 
as long as wide, sides rounded, surface 
granulate, disk obtusely elevated. Elytra 
with close rows of rather coarse punc- 
tures ; intervals narrow, feebly convex, pu- 
bescent, the humeral one more conspicu- Fig. 345. x 5. Male. (Original.) 
ously pubescent, giving the appearance of 

a costa or raised line along the sides. Length 4-5.5 mm. (Pig. 345.) 

Marion, Dubois and Posey counties ; scarce. March 23-May 11. 
Occurs on trunks of dead beech or beneath rubbish in open wood- 
land. 

Tribe II. DRYOPHILINI. 

The members of this tribe agree in having the head only moder- 
ately deflexed, the thorax not excavated beneath for its reception; 




86S FAMILY XLIII. — PTTNID/ft. 

legs not received in cavities ; antenna? in repose resting loosely upon 
the front coxa?, usually 11- join ted, the three outer joints more or 
less dilated and elongated. Two genera are probably represented 
in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF DRYOPHILINI. 

a. Front coxa? only , moderately prominent, distinctly separated by the 
process of presternum ; intermediate joints of antennae subequal. 

IV. Xestobium. 

aa. Front coxa? conical, very prominent and contiguous; thorax with sharp- 
ly defined side margins; fourth tarsal joint short, emarginate. 

Ernobius. 

IV. Xestobium Mots. 1845. (Gr., " smooth or dry + live. ") 

This genus comprises two oblong, moderately stout beetles, hav- 
ing the elytra parallel and irregularly punctate ; joints 9 to 11 of an- 
tenna? longer than those preceding; front coxa? distinctly but nar- 
rowly separated, the presternum short before them, and tarsi wide 
and densely pubescent beneath. One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

1653 (5261). Xestobium kufovillosum DeG., Ins., IV, 1774, 230. 

Elongate-oblong, rather stout, parallel. Dark brown, marked with small 
patches of sooty and yellowish hairs. Antennae a little longer than head 
and thorax, second joint much narrower than and half as long as first, 
third twice as long as wide, third to eighth subequal in length and gradually 
wider. Thorax two-thirds as long as wide, margin rather broadly flattened 
and slightly reflexed, angles all rounded ; surface, as well as that of head 
and elytra, densely granulate-punctate. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Fall says of this species: "Rather common locally from the 
New England States to Illinois,"' and mentions Indiana as one of 
the States from which the specimens examined by him were taken. 
Not seen by me from the State. 

Ernobius mollis Linn., ninth joint of antenna? shorter than the 
three preceding united, brown, length 4-5.5 mm., is recorded from 
Cincinnati; E. lacustris Fall, ninth joint as long as the five or six 
preceding united, piceous-brown, length 4.8-5.5 mm., was described 
from Michigan, while E. luleip.ennis Lee, ninth joint equal to all 
preceding in male, reddish or brownish-yellow, length 2.5-4 mm., 
is known from Ohio and Michigan. All occur on pine. 

Tribe III. ANOBIINI. 

Species of parallel and moderately elongate form in which, dur- 
ing repose, the head is received on the under sid-e of the thorax, 
which is distinctly excavated for its reception ; mandibles not reach- 



THE DEATH-WATCH AXD DRFC STORE liKKTI.KS. 



869 



ing met astern inn. the latter never grooved for the reception of the 
legs. The contractile or "doubnng-under" power is therefore 
much less than in the tribes which follow. Eight genera are either 
represented in the collection at hand or should occur in the State. 

KEY TO THE INDIAXA GENERA OF ANOBUNI. 

a. Front coxa? contiguous or narrowly separated (except in Oligomerus 
sericans) ; process of presternum usually ending in a sharp point. 
~b. Last joint of both labial and maxillary palpi elongate, spindle-shaped ; 

antennae usually 10-jointed. V. Oligomerus. 

IjI). Last joint of maxillary palpi parallel and obliquely truncate; last 
joint of labial palpi broadly triangular ; antennae 11-jointed. 

VI. Sitodrepa. 

aa. Front coxa? distinctly or even widely separated ; prostemal process with 
parallel sides : antenna^ usually received between the coxa? in repose, 
c. Antenna 1 not serrate, joints 9 to 11 long. 
d. Tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth : form oblong, densely pu- 
bescent and ornamented with tufts of erect hairs. 

YIT. Trichodesma. 

(hi. Claws not toothed. 

e. Ventral segments free, sutures distinct : tarsi narrow. 

/. Metasternum deeply excavated in front. Anobium. 
//. Metasternum not deeply excavated in front, at most a little 
concave. 

g. Third ventral segment short : tibiae not produced on the outer 
side at apex. Till. Hadrobregmus. 

<jg. Third ventral segment long: tibia? acutely produced on the 
outer side at apex. aTicrobregma. 
ee. Ventral segments firmly united, their sutures, except the first 
faint or obliterated at middle; tarsi stouter and broader. 

Cgelostethus. 

cc. Antenna? serrate, joints 9 to 11 not conspicuously longer than those 
preceding : elytra with rows of punctures ; ventral segments united 
at middle. IX. Trypopitys. 

V. Oligomerus E edt. 1848'. ( Gr . . ; small - femur. ' ' ) 

Front and middle coxa? without an intervening cavity for the 
reception of the antennae ; first, third and fourth ventral segments 
nearly equal and shorter than second and fifth. One species has 
been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OEIGOMERES. 

a. Front coxa? distinctly separated: pubescence of head and thorax erect. 

1654. SERICANS. 

aa. Front coxa? contiguous or virtually so: pubescence entirely recumbent. 

OBTUSE S. 



S70 



FAMILY XLIII. PTLNID^. 



1654 (5264). Oligomerus sericans Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., II, 1845, 

309. 

Elongate, cylindrical, slightly depressed. Piceous brown ; head and tho- 
rax shining with small scattered granules and clothed with short, erect fus- 
cous hair. Elytra finely scabrous, feebly ' striate, the strise with rows of 
punctures, the inner rows irregular and more feebly impressed; surface 
clothed with fine inclined hairs. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Marshall, Steuben and Putnam counties; rare. June 11-July 5. 
Beaten from foliage of oak and linden. 

0. ohtusus Lec., reddish-brown, length 4.8-7.2 mm., has been 
recorded from Ohio and Michigan. 

VI. Sitodrepa Thorn. 1863. (Or:, " food + pluck.") 

The single member of this genus has the antennas less than one- 
half as long as body, 11- jointed, the first joint elongate, rather 
stout ; joints three to eight small, ninth equal to the five preceding, 
tenth and 11th each equal to ninth; the last three united much 
longer than all preceding ; front coxas separated by a triangular in- 
tercoxal process. 

1655 (5267). Sitodrepa panicea Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1766, 564. 

Oblong, moderately robust. Reddish-brown, with 

rather long and somewhat bristling yellowish pubescence. 
Thorax as wide as elytra, a little narrowed from the 
base, side margin narrow in front, finely serrate; front 
angles somewhat rounded, hind ones broadly rounded, 
surface sparsely granulate. Elytra finely striate, the 
striae with rows of punctures ; intervals with a single line 
of punctures bearing semierect hairs. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 
(Fig. 346.) 

Kosciusko, Marion, Vigo and Knox counties; 
frequent. June 15-November 7. A cosmopolitan 
Fig. 346. species which has been widely diffused by com- 
pter Sharp. merce Usually found in drugs of various kinds, 
such as ginger, rhubarb, chamomile, boneset, licorice, peppermint 
and seeds of every description ; hence the common name "drug store 
beetle." It is also often called the "biscuit weevil," being found 
in households, where it feeds upon flour, meal, breakfast foods, 
dried beans and peas, chocolate, black pepper, coffee, etc., and is 
sometimes injurious to manuscripts and books. Its injuries are to 
some extent limited by the attacks of a small mite and a chalcis fly, 
which are parasitic upon its larva?. The best remedy for it is the 
subjection of the object attacked to the fumes of bisulphide of 
carbon. 




THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



871 



VII. Trichodesma Lec. 1861. (Gr., "hair + band.") 

The members of this genus arc readily known from all other 
Ptinidag by their oblong, convex bodies, which are densely pubescent 
and ornamented with tufts of erect hairs. The antennas are 11- 
jointed, the three outer joints large, elongate and together as long- 
as the preceding united; front and middle coxae widely separated, 
the prosternum broadly truncate behind. One species is frequent 
in Indiana, while another may occur in the southern counties. 

1656 (5277). Trichodesma gibbosa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 171 ; ibid. II, 2S0. 
Oblong, moderately robust, densely clothed, except on basal thirds of 
thorax and elytra, with grayish-white recumbent hairs. Thorax slightly 
narrower than elytra, sides feebly curved and convergent near hind angles, 
which are broadly rounded; disk strongly swollen, surface densely granu- 
late, each granule bearing a long, fine erect hair; the summit of the disk 
with a divided tuft of brown and brownish-yellow hairs, and in front of 
this two smaller similar tufts. Elytra with coarse punctures arranged in 
somewhat irregular rows and numerous small granules which are more 
conspicuous on basal third ; the grayish-white appressed hairs form a broad 
oblique band just behind the middle ; each elytron with two elongate tufts 
of brownish hairs in front of middle and four smaller tufts in a curved 
row on apical fourth. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 26— July 5. Occurs most 
commonly on foliage of hickory, maple and redbud. 

T. klagesi Fall, having the pubescence of elytra less dense and 
hairs of elytra tufts uniformly blackish-brown, is known from Ohio 
and Kentucky. 

Anobium striatum Oliv., elongate, sub cylindrical, brown, opaque, 
length 2.7-4 mm., is a true "death-watch beetle" which is common 
to Europe and America. 

VIII. Hadrobregmus Thorn. 1859. (Or., "thick + head.") 

Elongate, subcylindrical species covered with fine, short, re- 
cumbent pubescence: front and middle tarsi widely separated, the 
antennas in repose received between them. Our species have the 
antennae 10- jointed-, the three outer joints elongate, together longer 
than all the preceding. Two species have been taken in Indiana, 
while another doubtless occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HADROBREGMUS. 

a. First ventral suture straight, the second segment not quite as long as 
fifth ; size larger, 3.5-7 mm. 
t>. Disk of thorax slightly gibbous or humped, compressed behind, sides 
converging and usually feebly sinuate behind the front angles. 

1657. CARINATUS. 



^72 



PA MIL Y XLIII. — PT] N 1 DM . 



hh. Disk of thorax strongly gibbons or raised into an obtuse cone, sides 
nearly straight and parallel for more than two-thirds their length. 

165S. LINEARIS. 

aa. First ventral suture Insinuate, broadly curved backward at middle, the 
second segment a little longer than fifth ; smaller, not over 2.8 mm. 

PUSILIXS. 

1057 (5271). Hadrobregmus cabinattjs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. 
III. 1S23. 1S7: ibid. II. 120. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish- to piceous-brown. Thorax nearly 
equal to elytra in width ; sides rounded, convergent : hind angles undefined ; 
disk slightly swollen, finely granulate-punctate, compressed a little behind 
the middle and often with a median carina on basal third. Elytra with 
moderately impressed, strongly and closely punctate stria?. Length 3.5- 
0.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; f requeue. May 21— July 21. Occurs on 
soft maple and beech logs in low. moist woods : taken also at light. 

105S (5272). Hadrobregmus linearis Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. 
1S05. 232. 

Resembles carinutm, from which it is distinguished mainly by charac- 
ters given in key. Color blackish-brown. Punctures of elytral stria? obso- 
lete or very indistinct. Length 1.5 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. June 17. Taken from the split trunk 
of an oak. A northern species known from the Hudson Bay Region 
and near Detroit. Michigan. 

H. pusillus Fall, reddish-brown, disk of thorax strongly swollen 
and compressed behind, was described from Ohio and Wisconsin. 

Microbregma emarginatum Duft.. brown, thorax not as wide as 
elytra, length 4-5 mm., is known from Michigan. 

Coelostethus not at us Say. dark brown, pubescence of elytra 
variegated, length 3.2-4 mm., is said to occur from New England 
to Missouri on old oak branches. 

IX. Trypopitys Redt. 1848. (Gr., "'to bore + pine.") 

Antenna? more or less serrate, the three outer joints not con- 
spicuously longer than those preceding; sutures of ventral seg- 
ments obsolete at middle, the median area of abdomen rather 
densely punctate, the large punctures with an encircling ring. One 
of the two known species occurs in Indiana. 

1659 (5281). Tevpopitys sericeus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. V. 
1825. 172; ibid. II. 280. 
Oblong, subcylindrical. Sooty brown, sparsely clothed with short brown- 
ish-yellow recumbent hairs. Head deeply sunk within the thorax, the eyes 
almcst covered in repose. Thorax not quite as wide as elytra, about as 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STOKE BEETLES. 



873 



long as wide, sides parallel, broadly sinuate at middle ; hind angles nearly 
rectangular, sharply defined; disk evenly convex, with an impressed line at 
middle and a transverse impression each side on basal third. Elytra with 
regular rows of close-set, rather deep, quadrate punctures; intervals slightly 
convex, not much wider than the punctures. Length 5-6.2 mm. 

Starke, Putnam, Vigo and Lawrence counties; scarce. June 
12-October 12. Occurs beneath bark and on old branches of wild 
cherry and oak. 

Tribe IV. XYLETININL 

Usually elongate-oval species having the contractile power fairly 
well developed; thorax excavated beneath for the head, which is 
strongly benf under in repose, and more or less impressed or exca- 
vated on the under side, the antenna? curving into the cavities and 
resting against the front coxae. The antenna? are 11-jointed and 
variable in form. Two of the six genera comprising the tribe are 
represented in Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XYLETININI. 

a. Elytra striate ; head merely broadly impressed beneath in front, not dis- 
tinctly excavated for the reception of the antenna?, the latter strongly 
serrate, the three outer joints not elongate ; metasternum not sloping 
downward in front. X. Xyletinus. 

aa. Elytra not striate ; head deeply excavated beneath for the antenna?. 
1). Antenna? serrate, the outer joints not elongate ; metasternum strongly 
sloping downward in front. XI. Lasioderma. 

1)1). Antenna? not serrate, joints 9-11 elongate; metasternum more grad- 
ually sloping downward. Megorama. 

X. Xyletinus Lat. 1829. (Gr., "wood + destroy.") 

Oval to oblong species, having the thorax wider than long, the 
hind angles broadly rounded and undefined, the front angles nearly 
rectangular and scarcely rounded; elytra striate, the outer and 
inner stria? uniting on apical third ; ventral segments nearly equal, 
the first, second and fifth somewhat longer than the third and 
fourth. Three of the nine known species have been taken in In- 
diana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLETINUS. 

(/. Form cylindrical ; eyes, especially those of male, larger and more con- 
vex ; width of front about twice as wide as that of eye when viewed 
from the front ; color brown or reddish-brown. 
b. Last joint of maxillary palpus elongate, feebly triangular ; thorax 
more parallel, the side margins very narrow and not at all reflexed. 

1660. TELTATUS. 



874 FAMILY XLTII. PTIN1DJE. 

bb. Last joint of maxillary palpus broadly triangular; thorax less par- 
allel, the side margins narrowly but evidently reflexed; form more 
robust. HABEISII. 
ao. Form more oval ; eyes small, not very convex, scarcely larger in the 
male ; width of front five or six times that of eye as seen from front ; 
color piceous or dark brown. 
c, Antenna? acutely serrate; first two ventrals of male without line of 
erect hairs ; sides of thorax flattened. 1661. fucatus. 

cc. Antenna? subpectinate in the male : first two ventral segments of male 
with a median line of short, dense, erect hairs; sides of thorax not 
flattened. 1662. lugubris. 

1660 (5292). Xyletixus peltatus Harris. Trans. Hartf. Nat. Hist. Soc, I. 

1S36, 75. 

Elongate-oblong. Brown or reddish-brown, clothed with fine, silky yel- 
lowish pubescence. Antenna? moderately serrate, joints 3 to 10 triangular, 
terminal joint elongate-oval or nearly spindle-shaped. Head finely and 
densely punctate, feebly obtusely carinate at middle. Thorax moderately 
narrowed in front, disk convex, broadly impressed each side on basal third, 
leaving the median line very convex, resembling a carina : surface finely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra with narrow, lightly impressed stria?, which are 
finely, not closely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Putnam and Kosciusko counties ; rare. July 4-September 7. 
Beaten from the foliage of the Virginia Creeper. 

X. harrisii Fall, length 3.7-5.5 mm., was described from Ohio. 
Kentucky and Michigan. 

1661 (5295). Xyletixus fucatus Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 1S65, 23S. 
Elongate-oval, convex. Black or piceous black, clothed with fine, short 

and rather sparse pubescence. Antenna? with joints 3 to 9 almost twice as 
wide as long. male, or slightly wider than long, female. Eyes small, sep- 
arated on the front by about five times their longest diameter. Thorax 
strongly transverse, median line feebly elevated at base, sides flattened but 
scarcely reflexed. surface densely, finely punctured and with larger shallow 
punctures on the sides. Elytra finely rugose- wrinkled, deeply and finely 
striate, the stria? very feebly punctate; intervals nearly fiat. Length 3- 
5 mm. 

Marion County, scarce. May 28-May 29. Taken from the side 
of stone abutments, where they were basking in the sunshine. 

1662 (5296). Xyletixus lugubbis Lee. Proc. Ainer. Phil. Soc. XVII. 1S7S. 

612. 

Resembles fucatus. but smaller and more elongate. Antenna? subpecti- 
nate in male, acutely serrate in female, where the intermediate joints are 
about as wide as those of male fucatus. Sides of thorax less flattened and 
more strongly sloping downward on basal half. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Starke, Marion and Posey counties: scarce. March 23— June 
18. Beaten from foliage of oak. Probably hibernates beneath 
bark. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



875 



XI. Lasioderma Stephens. 1832. (Gr., " hairy + skin.") 

Oval, more or less elongate, moderately convex, species having 
the body clothed with recumbent pubescence; antennae serrate, but 
not strongly so, the outer joints not more elongate ; elytra not stri- 
ate; metasternum short, suddenly sloping downward in front from 
side to side, the declivity limited behind by a transverse raised line 
extending across the body. Two of the five known species occur in 
Indiana. 

1663 (5299). Lasioderma serricobne Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1798, 241. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Uniform dull reddish-yellow or brown- 
ish-red. Head broad, eyes small. Antennce rather narrow, second and third 
joints smaller than first, the third distinctly triangular; fourth to tenth 
about as wide as long ; eleventh oval. Thorax strongly convex, front angles 





Fig. 347. a, larva; b, pupa; c, beetle; d, same, side view, e, antenna. All enlarged. (After Howard and 
Marlatt in Bull. IV, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr.) 

acute, hind angles wanting. Punctuation of entire upper surface fine, uni- 
form, not dense. Length 2.2-3 mm. (Fig. 347.) 

Howard, Vigo, Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; fre- 
quent locally. April 10-November 7. Specimens in all stages 
were found in smoking tobacco put up in tin boxes on the earlier 
date. Widely distributed over the world by commerce and feeds 
on a variety of dried vegetable products, such as cayenne pepper, 
ginger, rhubarb, rice, figs, yeast cakes and prepared fish food. To- 
bacco it devours in every form, in the leaf and when made up into 
chewing plug, cigarettes and cigars. It is, therefore, often known 
as the 6 ' cigarette beetle. ' ' Both it and the larvae may be destroyed 
by submitting them to the fumes of bisulphide of carbon, or by 
steaming the substance in which they are found. Drugs which 
are badly infested should, however, be burned. 



1664 ( ). 



Lasioderma semtrufum Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXI, 
1905, 205. 

Elongate-oval. Head, thorax, under surface and appendages reddish- 
brown; elytra dark chestnut or piceous brown. Sculpture as in serricome, 



876 



FAMILY XLIII. — PTINlDiE. 



the pubescence a little shorter and more recumbent and the punctuation a 
little sparser. Metasternum with a fine raised line extending from the side 
margin obliquely inward and backward. Length 1.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. June 6. Swept from vegetation at 
side of wagon road. Known heretofore from New Jersey to Ohio. 
The small size, more elongate form and bicolored upper surface 
readily distinguish it from serricorne. 

Megorama simplex Lee, elongate-oval, blackish-brown, with fine 
recumbent grayish-yellow pubescence, length 3.5-4.5 mm, was de- 
scribed from Kentucky. 

Tribe V. DORCATOMINI. 

The members of this tribe are distinguished from all others of 
the family by their highly developed contractile power. The an- 
tennae and mouth organs are completely hidden in repose, the head 
being strongly refiexed and received into a deep cavity on the 
under side of the thorax and the legs withdrawn into suitable ex- 
cavations in the meso- and metasternum and first ventral segment. 
In form they are usually broadly oval, varying to elongate-oval 
or even globose; and all are less than 3.5 mm. in length. Fall 
in his Revision removes to this tribe a number of genera placed by 
LeConte and Horn in the Anobiini and Xyletinini, so that the 
classification and arrangement of the Henshaw List is much broken 
up. In all the genera so removed, the metasternum and first ven- 
tral segment are deeply excavated for the middle and hind pairs of 
legs, these excavations forming the principal characters upon which 
the tribe Dorcatomini is based. Of the eleven genera recognized 
by Fall, representatives of seven have been taken in Indiana. The 
genera, as well as the species of each, are very difficult to separate 
unless they are clean and opened up so that the under parts can be 
readily studied with a lens. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DORCATOMINI. 

a. Front coxa? expanded at apex into transverse horizontal plates which 
are not concealed in repose ; trochanter joined to the coxa from be- 
hind. 

Z>. Metasternum with broadly expanded front lobe which covers the 
mouth in repose ; hind coxal plates wider on the inner side ; form 
elongate-parallel. XII. Petalium. 

b~b. Metasternum with a short front lobe which does not reach the mandi- 
bles; form elongate-oval, 
c. Two outer joints of antenna? closely united ; front coxa? widely sep- 
arated ; hind coxal plates wider on the outer side ; mesosternum 
depressed. XIII. Eupactus. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRV (I STOKE BEETLES. 



cc. Two outer joints of antennae normally separated; trout coxae con- 
tiguous; hind coxal plates narrow and parallel ; rnesosternuni 
strongly elevated into a central keel which is horizontal and at- 
tains the level of the rneta sternum. Theca. 
aa. Front coxae not expanded into apical plates, entirely shut in in repose; 
trochanter joined to the apex of the coxa. 
d. Front coxae contiguous or nearly so; head impressed or excavated be- 
neath for the antennae. 
e. Punctures of elytra confused, not in rows; metasternum not lohed 
in front; epipleurse without small pits for the reception of hind 
knees ; antennae 10- jointed. XIV. Catorama. 

ee, Punctures of elytra in tows ; metasternum apparently broadly lobed 
in front, on account of deep and narrow excavations for middle 
tarsi ; epipleurae with small pits for the hind knees ; antennae 9- 
01* 11- jointed ; pubescence more or less bristly. XV. Protheca. 
dd. Front coxae widely separated, antennae received between them. 

/. Prosternum produced behind into two long, slender, horn-like proc- 
esses ; antennae 10-jointed ; form oval, moderately elongate. 

XVI. DORCATOMA. 

//. Prosternum truncate and emarginate behind ; antennae S-, 9- or 10- 
jointed. 

g. Eyes minutely emarginate ; elytra without striae on the disk ; 
form broadly oval. XVII. Eutylistus. 

<jg. Eyes deeply and acutely incised, the notch extending to or be- 
yond the middle; form nearly globose. XVIII. Cenocara. 

XII. Petalium Lec. 1861, (Gr., "a leaf.") 

Small, parallel, more or less elongate, rather strongly convex 
species, having the antenna 11 -jointed, about one-third the length 
of body, joints 9 to 11 together as long or slightly longer than all 
preceding ; thorax as wide as elytra and with a short curved, deeply 
impressed line on sides behind the front angles; strongly excavated 
beneath for the reception of the head : prosternum short, front 
coxse widely separated; second ventral segment as long as the three 
followdng united. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PET A LIU M. 

a. Punctures of elytral rows strong, close-set and distinct quite to apex, 
the two lateral rows not much deeper than those on disk. 

1665. SERIATUM. 

aa. Punctures of elytral striae finer, less close-set and becoming nearly obso- 
lete on apical third, the two lateral rows conspicuously deeper. 

1666. BISTRIATUM. 

16(35 ( ). Petalium seriatum Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXI, 

1905. 215. 

Moderately elongate. Brown, distinctly though sparsely pubescent. Head 
and thorax densely punctate throughout ; the latter with disk a little promi- 
nent, with well-defined oblique impressions each side, its front margin 



878 



FAMILY XLIII. — PT1NIDJE. 



thickened and reflexed. Elytra punctate as mentioned in key, the intervals 
with fine, confused punctures. Width of front of head less than the verti- 
cal diameter of the eye in male ; a little greater in female. Length 2- 
2.3 mm. 

Vigo and Orange counties; scarce. May 14-June 1. Taken by 
sweeping vegetation in low ground. Larger and a little stouter 
than the next, always brown, never black as there, with the eyes 
relatively larger and the front narrower than in the corresponding 
sex of bistriatum. 

1666 (5283). Petalium bisteiatum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825, 172 ; ibid. IT, 281. 

Moderately elongate, sides parallel. Black or dark reddish-brown, feebly 
shining, pubescence fine and sparse, legs and antennae usually paler. Tho- 
rax with disk slightly elevated at middle, and with oblique impressions each 
side; front margin thickened and evidently reflexed, surface finely and 
densely punctured, hind angles sharply defined. Elytral striae not impressed 
except the two marginal ones, which are deeply so ; intervals very finely 
and sparsely punctulate. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 1-July 12. Taken by 
sweeping or beating low vegetation. 

XIII. Eupactus Lec. 1861. (C4r., " well + joined. ") 

Elongate-oval, very convex species, either glabrous or with very 
line, short, appressed pubescence. Antennae 11-jointed, first joint 
large, curved; second scarcely narrower and much smaller; third 
much narrower, elongate-triangular; fourth to eighth as wide as 
third; ninth much wider, compressed and equal to 3 to 8 united; 
tenth and eleventh closely united, forming an oblong mass, rounded 
at apex. Thorax narrowed in front, deeply excavated beneath, 
side margins very narrow, not visible from above ; elytra irregularly 
punctate, very rarely with discal striae ; first ventral segment deeply 
excavated throughout, segments 2 to 4 gradually decreasing in 
length, fifth longer. 

1667 (5286). Eupactus nitidus Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 236. 

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, not quite twice as long as wide. Black 
or dark reddish-brown, polished, surface entirely glabrous. Thorax strongly 
narrowed in front, sides nearly straight; punctuation simple, sparse and 
rather fine on disk, closer and coarser on sides. Elytra wholly without 
striae. Last ventral segment with a deep marginal impressed line or groove. 
Length 2-3 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties; rare. July 2-July 3. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



879 



( ). Eupactus obsoletus Fall, Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc, XXXI, 

1905, 220. 

Narrowly oval, nearly two and a half times as long as wide. Brown, 
subopaque, finely and feebly pubescent. Thorax rather coarsely and closely 
punctate on sides, more finely at middle. Elytra with obsolete rows of 
closely placed punctures on disk ; marginal striae two, feebly impressed and 
marked by punctures toward the base, with a short inner third stria com- 
posed of punctures. Length 2-3.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. July 9. A species of southern range. 

TJieca profunda Lee,, elongate-oval, piceous, antennae, legs and 
abdomen reddish, length 2-2.5 mm., is known from Michigan. 

XIV. Catorama Guer. 1850. (Gr\, ' ' downward + to view. ") 

A large genus of small, broadly to narrowly oval, convex species, 
clothed above and below with short appressed pubescence. An- 
tenna? 10-jointed; first joint larger, second much smaller, obconic; 
third to seventh very small, about as long as wide; eighth large, 
triangular, as long as the six preceding united; ninth similar to but 
slightly smaller than eighth; tenth longer, oval. Thorax evenly 
convex; moderately strongly curved each side at middle, sinuate 
each side, front angles acute, hind ones broadly rounded; elytra 
irregularly punctate, usually with two marginal stria? extending 
from middle to apex, one or both of these often lacking. Meta- 
sternal process produced into a stout acuminate hook, curved back- 
ward and clasped by the mandibles in repose ; first ventral segment 
excavated for the reception of the hind feet and nearly concealed 
by them; segments 2-4 decreasing a little in length, the fifth longer. 
Seven species have been taken in Indiana, while three additional 
ones may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CATORAMA. 

a. Front tibiae with only a single well-defined groove on the outer face; 
metasternum not carinate; color varying from red-brown to piceous 
brown. ventrale. 
aa. Front tibiae with two grooves on the outer face. 
Z>. Middle tibiae with an evident marginal groove. 

c. Metasternum carinate; form strongly elongate; color brown. 

1669. PUNCTATUM. 

cc. Metasternum not carinate. 

d. Punctuation of upper surface fine and close throughout, coarser 
punctures absent ; elytra piceous, head, thorax and under sur- 
face reddish-brown. 1670. dichroum. 
dd. Punctuation of elytra of two kinds, the surface finely punctulate 
with coarser punctures intermixed. 
[56—23402] 



880 



FAMILY XLIII. — PTINIDJE 



e. Color black or nearly so; punctuation relatively sparse; sur- 
face shining. 1671. nigritulum. 
ee. Color rufous to piceous, usually some shade of brown ; punc- 
tuation closer ; surface less shining. 
/. Form more elongate, twice as long as wide; pubescence finer 
and shorter ; profile not in the least gibbous. 

1672. VEXATUM. 

ff. Form more oval, about three-fifths as wide as long; pubes- 
cence more conspicuous. 1673. grave. 
bh. Middle tibiae without marginal groove. 

g. Pubescence exceedingly short, sparse and indistinct ; color chestnut 
brown to blackish. 1674. castaxeum. 

gg. Pubescence normally developed. 

It. Form evidently gibbous in profile, elytra not parallel ; coarser 
punctures scarcely visible on any part. boeeale. 
Tilt. Form not gibbous in profile, elytra parallel. 

L Tuner lateral stria of elytra feeble or indistinct; size smaller, 
under 2 mm., and more elongate; coarser punctures lacking. 

GEACILE. 

ii. Lateral stripe of elytra well developed; size medium. 2-2.7 mm. ; 
coarser punctures evident on elytra and sides of thorax. 

1675. CONFUSUM. 

C. ventrale Lee., parallel, twice as long' as wide, length 2-2.4 
mm., has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

1669 ( 5308). Catorama prxcTATUvr Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 

240. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. more than twice as long as wide. Uniform 
reddish-brown, rather finely and sparsely pubescent. Elytra densely and 
rather finely punctured. Front tibia? with two deep grooves, middle tibia; 
with one. Length 2.1-2.8 mm, 

Marshall and Marion counties ; rare. May 22-June 10. Ranges 
from Indiana south and southwest ward. 

1670 ( ). Catorama dichroum Fall. Trans. Ainer. Entom. Soc. XXXI. 

1905. 240. 

Oblong-elliptical, twice as long as wide. Piceous brown; head, thorax 
and ventral surface reddish-brown. Upper surf nee finely, evenly and rather 
closely punctulate throughout. Eighth antennal joint broadly subquadrate. 
triangular, nearly as wide as long. Aletasternum with coarser and fine 
punctures intermingled, the former reaching the sides. Length 1.8-2.5 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. April 6. 

1671 (5318). Catorama xigritulum Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1S65, 

241. 

Elongate-oval, moderately robust, less than twice as long as wide, not 
narrowed behind.. Black or piceous; pubescence sparse and very fine. Head 
and thorax finely, closely and evenly punctulate without intermixed coarser 
punctures. Elytra finely punctulate with scattered larger punctures. Eighth 
antennal joint broadly triangular. Length 1.7-2.4 mm. 

Vermillion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 24-June 13. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



881 



1672 ( ). Catobama vexatum Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXI, 

1905, 245. 

Oblong-elliptical, twice as long as wide : pubescence fine and rather 
sparse. Brown, nearly uniform. Coarser punctures variable, but usually 
moderate in size and not prominent. Eigbtb antenna] joint slightly longer 
than wide, quadrate-triangular. Metasternum punctured from side to side. 
Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Knox, Orange and Crawford counties: scarce. May 28-July 
26. Resembles grave closely, but distinctly more elongate, with 
sparser, shorter pubescence, less flattened eyes and without im- 
pressed front. 

1673 (5309). Catoeama grave Lee. Proc. Pbil. Acad. Xat. Sci., 1858, 72. 
Oblong-elliptical, quite robust, slightly less than three-fifths as wide as 

long. Uniform dark brown : pubescence rather plentiful but not concealing 
the punctuation : coarser punctures distinct throughout, moderate in size. 
Eighth antennal joint triangular, a little longer than wide. Length 2.5- 
3.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 11— June 1. Our largest and most 
robust species of the genus. It and the other species are mostly 
taken by beating vegetation. 

1674 (10.155). Catoeama castaxeum Hamilton. Can. Ent.. 1S93, 307. 
Oblong-elliptical, distinctly more than half as wide as long. Dark red- 
dish or chestnut brown, highly polished: pubescence of elytra very short 
and sparse. Thorax finely and sparsely punctulate at middle, more coarsely 
on sides. Elytra with coarser punctures evenly distributed on disk but 
showing a tendency to be in rows on sides. Eighth antennal joint triangu- 
lar and as wide as long in female, transverse and subquadrate in male. 
Length 1.5-2.5 mm. 

Lake. Kosciusko and Tippecanoe counties ; scarce. June 11- 
July 12. Readily known by its color and shining surface. Occurs 
on huckleberry (V actinium) and other low bushes. 

C. boreale Lee. piceous. length 2.3-3 mm., is recorded from 
Michigan . and Ohio, and C. gracilr Fall, reddish-brown, length 1.7 
mm., was described from near Cincinnati. 

1675 ( ). Catorama coxfusum Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXI. 

1905. 252. 

Oblong-elliptical, about three-fifths as wide as 
long. Dark piceous brown, pubescence medium in 
length : coarser punctures numerous and rather 
large at the sides of the thorax and on the elytra. 
Eighth antennal j o in t quadrate-triangular, little M 
more than one-fourth longer than wide. Meta- 
sternum rather strongly punctate at middle, the 
sides without punctures. Length 2-2.7 mm. (Fig. 
348.) 

Throughout the State: frequent. April Fig34S - x 10 *- (On^i) 
26-Julv 4. Beaten from low vegetation along roadsides. 




882 



FAMILY XLI1I. PTINIDxE. 



XV. Protheca Lec. 1865. (Gr., "first + case or box.") 

Oblong-oval species clothed with semierect pubescence; thorax 
wider than long, gradually narrowed in front, sides nearly straight, 
hind angles rounded, front angles rectangular and sharply de- 
fined. Two species are known, one of which has been taken in the 
State, while the other probably occurs. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF PEOTHECA. 

a. Antennae 9-jointed; punctures of elytral series coarser, distinct to apex. 

1676. PUBEKULA. 

aa. Antennas 11-jointed ; punctures of elytral rows fine, obsolete behind the 
middle. hispida. 

1676 (5319). Peotheca puberula Lec, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 
241. 

Oval, less than twice as long as wide. Dark brown, moderately shin- 
ing ; pubescence inclined, fine and rather sparse. Antennae 9-jointed, the 
seventh to ninth joints forming a broad club, longer than the preceding 
united. Thorax rather coarsely but not deeply punctate, the punctures 
closer on the sides. Scutellum as long as wide. Elytra feebly striate, the 
punctures of the striae rather coarse and close. Length 1.7-2.2 mm. 

Marion and Knox counties; rare. June 8-November 17. Taken 
on the later date by sifting. 

P. hispida Lec, brown, length 1.6-2.4 mm., is recorded from 
Ohio and Michigan. 

XVI. Dorcatoma Herbst. 1792. (Gr., " deer + joints.") 

Small oval or moderately elongate convex species, having the 
antennas 10-jointed, the first joint large, ear-shaped; second much 
smaller, dilated at middle; third to seventh narrower and very 
small; eighth to tenth forming a broad club, much longer than all 
the preceding ; the tenth oval, one- third longer than ninth, more or 
less curved and rounded at tip. (Fig. 3, No. 6.) Thorax evenly 
convex, sides nearly straight. Prosternum short, concave, pro- 
duced behind into two long more or less widely separated horn- 
like processes which fit into cavities in the mesosternum, these vis- 
ible only when insect is unfolded. Elytra with two nearly entire 
marginal stria? and sometimes a short basal third stria. Two of 
the three known species occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DOECATOMA. 

a. Pubescence erect ; size smaller, not over 2 mm. ; elytra finely punctate. 

1677. SETULOSUM. 

aa. Pubescence of upper surface recumbent ; size larger, 2.5-3 mm. ; elytra 
more coarsely punctate. 1678. dresdensis. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRUG STORE BEETLES. 



883 



1677 (5321). Dorcatoma setulosum Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 

242. 

Oval, moderately elongate. Black, shining; pubescence sparse, short, 
erect ; antennas and legs paler. Head and thorax finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra with somewhat coarse punctures in more or less regular rows ; 
submarginal striae two. Under surface finely punctate. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. Juue 3-July 2. 

1678 (5323). Dorcatoma dresdensis Herbst, Kafer, IV, 1792, 104. 

Oval, moderately elongate, convex. Black, shining, clothed with fine, 
recumbent grayish pubescence ; tibiae more or less reddish ; antennae and 
tarsi paler. Joints of antennal club emarginate on their apical edge in 
female, so deeply emarginate as to become branched in male. Thorax short, 
with sides strongly convergent and nearly straight ; surface finely punctate. 
Elytra with well marked trace of third lateral stria; surface with punc- 
tures distinctly coarser and usually closer than those of thorax. Length 
2.5 -3 mm. 

Knox County; rare. June 9-July 9. 

XVII. Eutylistus Fall. 1905. 

Form more broadly oval than in Dorcatoma, the prosternum 
broadly truncate and notched behind and the fifth ventral segment 
relatively longer. The antennae vary in the number of joints 
present, there being from eight to ten, according to species. But 
one species has been taken in Indiana, though another probably 
occurs. 

1679 (5330). Eutylistus intermedius Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

XVII, 1878, 411. 

Broadly oval. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with suberect grayish 
pubescence; mouth and legs more or less reddish-brown. Head sparsely 
punctulate; thorax finely but more closely punctate. Elytra with irregular 
rows of rather strong punctures and with two entire lateral stria?, which 
are nearly equally deep from base to apex. Ventral segments finely and 
rather closely punctate, their sutures deep and scarcely or feebly curved at 
middle. Length 1.7-2.2 mm. 

Vermillion, Putnam, Knox and Lawrence counties; scarce. 
June 8-July 4. Antennae 8-jointed. 

E. incomptus Lee, brown or piceous, elytra finely and closely 
punctate in longitudinal bands, length 2.2-2.5 mm., is known from 
Michigan and Illinois. Antenna- 10-jointed. 

XVIII. C^nocara Thorn. 1859. (Gr., ' ' ordinary + beetle.") 

Easily separated by their more globose form, deeply incised eyes 
and second joint of antennal club, which is here narrow and but 



884 



FAMILY XLIII. PTTXIDJ5. 



feebly dilated at apex instead of broadly triangular. The lateral 
striae of elytra consist of two nearly complete outer and a third 
inner basal stria which scarcely reaches the middle: antenna? 9- 
jointed. But two have been taken in the State, though two others 
perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF (L3SNOCARA. 

a. Pubescence relatively short and much inclined; antennal club in male 
blackish, in female pale. scymnoides. 
(/(7. Pubescence longer and erect; antennae pale in both sexes. 

J). Eyes of male but little larger than in female, deeply, acutely incised 
or nearly divided in both sexes ; last joint of palpi broadly triangu- 
lar : punctuation rather sparse and coarse. 1680. oculata. 
T)h. Eyes of male larger than in female, the front narrower than longest 
diameter of the eye. 
c. Last antennal joint of male scythe-shaped, the tip acutely pointed; 

color black, head and thorax dark rufous. 1681. bicoloe, 

cc. Last antennal joint of male not curved; last joint of maxillary 
palpi slender, subparallel. texuipalpa. 

C. scymnoides Lee, black, length 1.8-2.3 mm., ranges from New 
England to Montana. 

16S0 (5326). Cjexocara oculata Say. Long's Exped. St. Peters. II. 1824, 
273; ibid. 1. ISO. 

Rounded-oval, strongly convex. Black, polished : head frequently ru- 
fous ; antenna? and legs reddish-brown : pubescence grayish-yellow. Seventh 
joint of male antenna? as long as the five preceding, strongly produced on 
its inner side ; eighth nearly as long as the width of seventh : ninth four 
times as long as wide, its outer edge broadly curved. Thorax sparsely and 
finely punctate at middle, more coarsely and densely at sides. Elytral punc- 
tures coarser than those of thorax. Fifth ventral segment as long as third 
and fourth united. Length 1.7-2.2 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 29-August 10. Occurs 
on low vegetation in damp localities: also in small puffballs (Ly- 

coperdon) . 

1681 ( ). C.enocara bicoloe Germ.. Ins. Sp. Nov.. 1824. 19. 

Form of oculata. pubescence less distinctly yellowish. Black; head and 
thorax dark reddish-brown. Male with seventh antennal joint nearly as 
strongly produced as in oculata. the terminal joint scimetar-shaped : eyes 
larger, the front of head less than their longest diameter, cleft only to mid- 
dle. Female with seventh joint triangular, the terminal one scarcely curved : 
eyes smaller, widely separated and nearly divided as in oculata. Length 
1.5-2 mm. 

Lake and Knox counties ; rare. May 29- July 2. Occurs through- 
out the eastern United States. 

C. tenuipalpa Fall, form and color of oculata. length 1.3-1.8 
mm., was described from Michigan and Illinois. 



THE DEATH-WATCH AND DRl'O STOKE BEETLES. 



885 



Tribe VI. PTIL1XIXI. 

This tribe is composed of a single genus, seperated from those 
preceding mainly by the characters given in the tribal key. The 
head is deflexed, less retractile than in the preceding group; an- 
tennae 11-jointed, serrate in female and branched in male 

XTX. Ptilinus Geoff. 1764. (Gr., "feather.") 

Small cylindrical species, covered with short, fine appressed 
pubescence. The antennae of male have the third joint elongate- 
cylindrical, with a basal process as long as the joint itself, and 
joints 4 to 10 strongly nabellate or with long flat processes folding 
like a fan; tarsi as long as the tibiae, with the first joint as long 
as the two or three following. Two species have been taken in In- 
diana, while another probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTIULNUS. 

a. Side margin of thorax tine but well defined and even throughout; sub- 
apical transverse carina of last ventral segment distinct. 

1G82. RUFieoBNis. 

a a. Side margin of thorax irregularly granulate-serrate and not well de- 
nned; subapieal ventral carina nearly or entirely wanting. 
b. Thorax equal to the elytra in width: branch of fourth antennal joint 
of male scarcely three times the length of joint : scutellum elongate, 
finely and densely rugose. lobatus. 
1)1). Thorax a little narrower than elytra : branch of fourth joint nearly 
rive times the length of joint: scutellum quadrate, coarsely rugose. 

16S3. peuixosus. 

1G82 (5332). Ptilixus ruficorxis Say. Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 
1823. 186 ; ibid. II. 110. 
Cylindrical, elytra not wider than thorax. Black or piceous. opaque, 
usually paler in female; antenna} and legs reddish-yellow, thighs often 
darker. Branch of fourth joint of male antenme six or seven times the 
length of joint. Thorax slightly wider than elytra, widest before the base, 
sides broadly curved, hind angles rounded, front ones rectangular, front 
margin rather strongly rounded, narrowly refiexed at middle ; surface finely 
grannlose at base, more coarsely in apical half ; median line feebly im- 
pressed, terminating at base in a feeble, smooth protuberance. Elytra a 
little more than twice as long as thorax and a little less than twice as long 
as wide, finely scabrous and rather closely and distinctly punctured. Length 
3-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. May 11-December 25. Oc- 
curs on dead branches of oak and maple, into which the larvae bore. 

P. lobatus Casey, dark pieeo-castaneous. antenna? paler, length 
3-5 mm., is recorded from Ohio. 



S86 



FAMILY XLIV. BOSTRICHIDiE. 



1683 ( ) . Ptilinfs peuinosus Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VI, 1898, 63. 

Form of ruflcornis. Uniform black, opaque, antennae and legs reddish- 
brown. Branch of third antennal joint one-half longer than the joint. Tho- 
rax a little narrower than elytra, the side margins plainly serrulate through- 
out median line finely impressed its full length, the small basal smooth 
protuberance obsolete. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, male, or 
scarcely three-fifths longer than wide, female. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 20. Casey's types were from "Indi- 
ana" and Fall recognizes the species from Ontario. 

Family XLIV. BOSTRICHID M, 
The Powder-post Beetles. 

This family, as here limited, consists of elongate, robust or slen- 
der species having the antenna? 9- to 11- jointed, inserted at the sides 
of the front ; eyes small ; labrum distinct ; elytra entire ; abdomen 
with five free ventral segments ; front coxa; prominent, contiguous, 
but little extended transversely; tarsi 5-jointed, the first joint very 
short and imperfectly separated from the second. All the species 
live in dry wood, either in cylindrical burrows or beneath the bark, 
and sometimes in such numbers that the timber is wholly destroyed 
by them. About 45 species of the family are known from North 
America. These are divided among two subfamilies, both of which 
are represented in the State. They differ widely in character and 
are placed together more for convenience and similarity of habits 
than on structural grounds. 

The principal papers treating of the North American species of 
these subfamilies are as follows: 

Horn.— "Revision of the Species of the subfamily Bostrichida? 
of the United States," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 
1878, 540-555. 

Casey. — " Coleopterological Notes — III," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. 
Sci., VI, 1891, 12-16. A synoptical table of the genus 
Lyctus is given. 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF BOSTEICHID^E. 

a. First ventral segment scarcely longer than those which follow; an- 
tennal club 3- or 4-jomted. Subfamily I. Bostkichin.f:, p. 886. 
aa. First ventral segment much longer than the others ; antennal club two- 
jointed. Subfamily II. Lyctf^e, p. 891. 

Subfamily I. BOSTRICHINAE. 

Rather robust, oblong or elongate species, having the head usu- 
ally deflexed and protected by the thorax; antennae widely sepa- 
rated and inserted immediately in front of the eyes, upon or under 



THE POWDER-POST BEETLES. 



887 



the frontal margin, the three outer joints always larger; front 
coxae large, globose, subcorneal ; spurs of middle and hind tibiae dis- 
tinct : front tibiae usually serrate and terminated by one long spur: 
first joint of tarsi short, sometimes obsolete: fifth joint long, with 
simple claws. Four genera are represented in the collection at 
hand, while another probably occurs in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BOSTRICHIN^. 

a. Thorax with distinct and entire side margins; head covered in part by 
the thorax. I- Bndecatomus. 

mi. Thorax without side margins ; head entirely covered by the thorax, the 
latter usually roughened in front by small elevations. 
1). Intermediate joints of antennas shorter than the first and second; 
tarsi long, slender, first joint very short. II. Sinoxyeon. 

IjIj. Intermediate joints of antenna 1 longer than the first and second. 
c. Tarsi as long as the tibiae, slender, second joint long. 
d. Front margined, at the sides at least. III. Bostriches. 

dd. Front not margined. IV. Amphiceres. 

cc. Tarsi short, second joint not elongated. V. Dinoderus. 

I. Endecatomus Mellie. 1847. (Gr.. "•eleven - joint.") 

Head in great part covered by the thorax, the latter margined 
from base to tip ; antenna? 11-jointed. with a loosely united 3-jointed 
club: terminal spur of front tibia? large and hooked: last joint of 
tarsi very long. Two species are known from the Eastern United 
States, both of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO SPECIES OE ENDECATOMES. 

a. Under surface conspicuously granulate: male with two small tuhercles 
in front. 1684. reticetlates. 

aa. Under surface absolutely granulate: male without frontal tuhercles. 

1685. REGOSES. 

1684 (5336). Endecatomes reticelates Hbst.. Kafer. Y. 70. 

Elongate, rather slender. Dull reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed 
with yellowish hair. Thorax broadly arched, sides rounded, disk with a 
median impressed line, both it and the elytra granulate and pubescent as in 
rugosus. Length 4.5 mm. 

Two in Webster collection labelled "Ind." Said to be an in- 
troduced European species. Paler and more slender than rugosus. 
and less densely pubescent above. 

*1685 (5337). Endecatomes regoses Rand.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. II. 
1S3S, 26. 

Elongate-oblong. Dark or piceous brown, opaque, covered with tufts 
of pale brown, wool-like hairs. Thorax rather closely and coarsely granu- 



888 



FAMILY XLIV. — BOSTRICTIID/E. 



late. Elytra with small granules arranged in a network of lines, the spaces 
between them smooth, their summits with pale brown hairs. Length 4- 
4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; common. March 9-December 21. Hi- 
bernates. Occurs on woody fungi and beneath bark of trees and 
shrubs; also at maple sap in spring. 

II. Sinoxylon Dufts. 1825. (Gr., "harm + wood. ") 

Cylindrical beetles having the head completely concealed from 
above by the thorax, which is truncate in front, with the apical half 
covered with small tubercles ; elytra obliquely truncate behind, their 
surface punctate. One of the eleven species occurs in the eastern 
United States and Indiana. 



1686 (5339) 



Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 




Fig. 349. 



Sinoxylon basilaee Say. Jonrn. Phil. 
1823, 121 ; ibid. II. 181. 

Cylindrical. Black ; elytra dull red- 
dish-yellow on basal third. Antenna? 
10-jointed ; last two joints of maxillary 
palpi equal. Thorax very convex, slop- 
ing downward on apical half, angles 
rounded ; surface densely punctate, and 
with numerous small tubercles in front. 
Elytra bent downward nearly at right 
angles on apical fourth, with three tu- 
bercles on each side of the declivity, the 
Length 5.5-6 mm. (Fig. 349.) 




a, larva; b, pupa; c, beetle. 
(After Riley.) 



latter coarsely punctured 

Fayette, Lawrence and Posey counties ; scarce. May 23-August 
23. Occurs beneath the bark of hickory, to the wood of which it is 
said to be very destructive. 

III. Bostrichus Geoff. .1764. (Or., " : hooked + hair. ") 

Elongate, subcylindrical species, having the joints of the anten- 
nal club short, subglobose ; hind angles of the thorax acute and 
prominent. Three of the five known species have been taken in the 
State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BOSTEICHUS. 

a. Thorax with two hooked processes in front. 

&. Elytra with two costa?, the surface clothed with patches of small ap- 
pressed scales. 1687. bicornis. 

IjIj. Elytra with one short basal costa, the surface clothed with hairs 
which are unevenly disposed in clusters. 1688. armiger. 

an. Thorax in front simply truncate; pubescence of elytra in spots irregu- 
larly arranged; elytra without traces of ridges. 

1689. TRUNCATICOLLIS. 



THE POWDER-POST BEETLES. 



889 



1687 (5350). Bosteichus bicobnis Web., Obs. Ent., 1801, 
Elongate, subcylin&rical. Piceous, subopaque, clothed 
with yellowish scales arranged in irregular patches. Tho- 
rax prolonged in front in two booked processes which are 
serrate, the apex between them truncate; apical region 
roughly granulate, basal half with smaller granules, me- 
dian line distinctly impressed. Elytra bicostate, the in- 
ner costa stronger; surface densely and coarsely punc- 
tured and clothed with yellowish scales in patches; tips 
in male with an acute subsutural spine. Length 7- 
12 mm. (Fig. 350.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 4-Sep- 
tember 20. Occurs beneath bark and in old fungi. 



91. 




Fig. 350. (After Pack- 
ard in Fifth Rep. U. S. 
Ent. Comm.) 



1688 (5351). Bosteichus akmiger Lee, New Spec. N. Am. Col., 1866, 100. 

Form of Ucorms, which it closely resembles. Elytra with trace of 
inner costa at base ; intervals tuberculate, especially near the suture ; sur- 
face clothed with longer hair-like scales arranged in patches. Length 7.5- 
9 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 21. Taken by Dury at Cincinnati. 
Probably throughout the State. 

16S9 (5352). Bosteichus teuncaticollis Lee, New Spec. N. Am. Col., I, 
1866, 101. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous, subopaque. Thorax slightly longer 
than wide, apex seen from above, truncate, without processes; otherwise 
as in bicornis. Elytra without costse or tubercles, surface densely and 
coarsely punctured and clothed with patches of yellowish appressed hairs. 
Length 7.5-10 mm. 

Wells, Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. June 4-July 5. 
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of sycamore. 

IV. Amphicertjs Lec. 1861. (Gr., ' 1 on both sides + horn. ") 

This genus differs from Bostrichus by having the front of head 
not margined; joints of antennal club strongly compressed and 
deeply bistriate from the apical margin; hind angles of thorax 
rounded. One of the seven species occurs in Indiana. 

1690 (5356). Amphicebus bicaudatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III, 1823, 320; ibid. II, 180. 
Cylindrical, moderately elongate. Piceous-brown, sparsely clothed with 
recumbent pubescence. Thorax as long as wide, strongly sloping before and 
behind, the front portion with many small tubercles and with two larger 
hook-like processes; the basal half granulate. Elytra rather coarsely and 
irregularly punctured, strongly sloping on apical fourth, the declivity 
oblique, coarsely punctured, with moderately long processes each side in 
male. Length 6.5-9 mm. 



890 



FAMILY XLIV. BOSTRIOHIDiE. 



Casey mentions Indiana as one of the localities from which his 
specimens came. Horn states that it occurs "everywhere east of 
the Rocky Mountains." I have not seen it from the State. The 
mature beetle is said to bore for feeding purposes in living twigs 
of fruit trees and grape vines, never, however, ovipositing in such 
twigs, but living as larvae in the dead and dry wood of forest trees. 

V. Dinodeeus Steph. 1830. (Gr., "huge + neck.") 

Species of cylindrical form having the tarsi short, the four basal 
joints each about the same length and together nearly equal to the 
fifth. The declivity of the elytra is normally convex, though some- 
times flattened. Four of the eight known species may occur in In- 
diana, though but two of them have been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DINODEEUS. 

a. Declivity of elytra convex, not acutely margined. 
Margin of thorax coarsely serrate. 

c. Head shining, smooth, granules small, flat; elytra polished or 
strongly shining. substriatus. 
cc. Head opaque, rather roughly granulate; elytra opaque. 

1691. PORCATUS. 

hi). Margin of thorax feebly serrate; elytral punctures in regular rows; 
color pale reddish- or chestnut-brown, pusilltjs. 
act. Declivity of elytra more or less flattened and acutely margined, the* 
marginal ridges short; second joint of antennae as slender as. the 
third - 1692. PUNCTATUS. 

1691 (5358). Dinoderus porcatus Lee, New Spec. N. Amer. Col., 1866, 101. 
Elongate, cylindrical. Brownish, opaque, sparsely clothed with short 

erect hair. Front opaque, roughly granulate. Thorax as long as wide, 
slightly narrowed in front, margin conspicuously serrate ; disk in front with 
spiniform tubercles; its basal half rather densely tuberculate and with a 
fine, smooth median line. Elytra with tubercles in rows. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. May 23. Probably throughout the 
State. 

1692 (5363). Dinoderus punctatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1S26, 258 ; ibid. II, 320. 
Elongate, cylindrical. Piceous or blackish-brown, sparsely pubescent. 
Thorax a little longer than wide, narrowed in front, margin very feebly ser- 
rate, tuberculate as in porcatus. Elytra densely and irregularly coarsely 
punctate; intervals not elevated; declivity feebly convex, acutely margined 
at sides of apex. Length 4.5 mm. 

Taken by Dury at Cincinnati. Casey's specimens were in part 
from Indiana. Not represented in the collection at hand. 



THE POWDER-POST BEETLES. 



D. substriatus Payk., picepus, length 4—1.5 mm., is said to occur 
in the Northern States and Canada; D. pusillus Fab., length 3 mm., 
is an introduced species which probably occurs throughout the 
United States. 

Subfamily II. LYCTINAE. 

Elongate slender species,, having the head prominent, somewhat 
narrowed behind the eyes, not covered by the thorax, which is 
trapezoidal in form and has fine side margins ; antennae 11-jointed, 
with rounded club composed of two joints ; front coxae entirely en- 
closed and separated by the presternum; hind ones widely sepa- 
rated; first ventral segment much longer than any of the others. 
The subfamily is represented by but one genus, Trogoxylon Lec. 
having been merged with Lyctus by Casey.* 

YI. Lyctus Fab. 1792. (A proper name.) 

The characters of the subfamily Lyctince as above given apply to 
the members of this genus. Four of the nine known North Amer- 
ican species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LYCTUS. 

a. Elytra with rows of large rounded, very shallow punctures; intervals 
with a single row of punctures bearing yellowish hairs, which form 
slightly raised lines; thorax with an ■ elongate-oval median impres- 
sion. 1693. STRIATES. 
aa. Elytra with smaller deeper punctures, usually arranged in more or less 
distinct rows; thorax rarely with a median impression. 
1). Thorax longer than wide, the front angles rounded. 

1694. opaceles. 

l>~b. Thorax not longer than wide. 

c. Front angles of thorax rounded ; punctures of elytra in rows ; color 
piceous black. 1695. plaxicollis. 

cc. Front angles of thorax not rounded ; punctures of elytra very fine 
and dense, arranged irregularly. 1696. parallelopipides. 

1693 (5374). Lyctus striates Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sen, II. 1844, 
112. 

Elongate, slender. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish 
pubescence. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed behind, sides straight 
nearly to apex ; front angles rounded, hind angles distinct, surface coarsely 
punctate, with a smoother median impression. Surface of elytra as de- 
scribed in key. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Marion and Yigo counties ; frequent. April 25-May 22. Bred 
from stems of hickory. Probably occurs throughout the State. 

* Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1891, 12. 



892 



F A MIL Y XLI V. — BOSTRI CHIDyE . 



1694 (5375) 




Fig. 351. (Original.) 



Lygtus opaculus Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1SG6, 103. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Blackish-pic- 
eous or dark reddish-brown, very sparsely clothed 
with yellowish hairs; head and thorax usually 
darker than elytra. Thorax distinctly longer than 
wide, much narrower than elytra, densely and 
coarsely punctate; sides nearly straight, evenly 
rounded into the front margin. Elytra with rather 
coarse deep punctures arranged in regular rows. 
Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig. 351.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 11- 
June 17. Occurs on dead limbs of oak and 
other trees. 



1695 (5376). Lyctus planicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 1858, 74. 
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pi ceo as-black, very sparsely and finely 

pubescent. Thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed behind the middle, 
front angles rounded, hind angles rectangular, side margins very finely ser- 
rate ; disk densely punctate, with an indistinct elongate median impression. 
Elytra with rows of fine punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. May 11. The thorax is wider, natter and 
with a less distinct median impression and the punctures of elytra 
much finer and deeper than in striatus. 

1696 (5376). Lyctus parallelofipidus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

II, 1844, 112. 

Elongate, subparallel. Dull reddish-brown, clothed with fine yellowish 
pubescence. Thorax nearly quadrate, a little wider at apex than base, sides 
almost straight, front angles subsulcate, hind angles rectangular; surface, 
as well as that of head and thorax, very finely and densely punctured. 
Elytra nearly three times as long and but little wider than thorax, the 
sides nearly parallel. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Orange and Perry counties ; frequent. May 16- June 1. Taken 
while boring into the skinned portion of the trunks of living honey- 
locust, Gleditschia iriacanthos L. Smaller and much more slender 
than any of the other species. 



Family XLV. CITPESLLlE. 
The Cupesid Beetles. 

This small family is represented in the United States by but 
two genera and five species of elongate and somewhat flattened 
beetles, having the elytra entire, with row^s of large square punc- 
tures and - intermediate ribs, and the body covered with small 
scales. They occur beneath bark and about old frame or log houses. 

The principal distinguishing characters of the family are the 
1,1- jointed filiform, rigid antennae inserted rather close together 



THE CHPES1D BEETLES. 



893 



upon the front; the tuberculate head, stretched out forward and 
suddenly constricted behind and attached to the thorax by a dis- 
tinct neck ; thorax small, quadrate, the side margins well denned ; 
presternum well defined with a slight point behind fitting into the 
mesosternum ; front coxa? small, not prominent, their cavities trans- 
verse, open behind ; mesosternum with the side pieces excavated for 
the middle legs ; hind coxaa transverse, flat, silicate behind, receiving 
the thighs in repose ; abdomen with five free ventral segments ; legs 
slender, contractile; tibiae without terminal spurs, tarsi 5- jointed, 
spongy beneath, their claws simple. 

The name of the family is based upon that of the typical genus, 
Cupes, which is derived from the Latin word of the same form 
meaning "dainty" or "fond of delicacies." "Why Fabricius gave 
such a name to these beetles is not manifest, as the larvae are said to 
breed in decaying wood. 

The principal literature treating of the family is as follows : 

LeConte. — "On the Cupesidae of North America," in Trans. 

Amer. Entom. Soc, Y, 1874, 87-88. 
Casey. — "Synopsis of the Genus Cupes," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. 

Sci., IX, 189T, 637-638. 
One of the two genera is represented in the eastern United 
States by three species, one of which occurs in Indiana. 

I. Cupes Fab. 1801. (NL., "fond of dainties.") 

This genus has the flanks of the thorax excavated for the recep- 
tion of the front legs and the eyes strongly convex. 

1697 (5382). Cupes concolor Westwood, Zool. Journ., V. 440. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pale brownish or ashy gray, densely 
covered with small scales ; elytra with darker brown oblong dashes or 
blotches, which form three indistinct undulated bands. Antenna? nearly as 
long as the body. Head with four feebly separated tubercles, with a nar- 
row impressed line between them. Thorax wider than long, about half the 
width of elytra ; disk with a median longitudinal carina and a deep impres- 
sion each side; side margins abbreviated near the front and hind angles. 
Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures; intervals convex, the alter- 
nate ones higher. Length 7-11 mm. 

Lake, Wells, Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties, one specimen 
from each. June 22 -July 25. One was taken from the cavity of 
a ripe apple, the others beneath bark. Say described it as C. cin- 
erea, stating that he had obtained numerous specimens in the vicin- 
ity of New Harmony, where it was common about old frame houses. 



894 



FA MILY XLVI. IA'MEXYLONIDiE. 



Casey, loo. ext., described as new C. oculatus from Indiana, stat- 
ing that it " differs from concolor by having the punctures of elytra' 
narrow and elongate, antenna? less elongate and elytra more de- 
pressed, with subobsolete first costa." It is probably to be ranked 
as a variety only. 

Family XLVI. L YMEX YL ONIDiE . 
The Ship-timber Beetles. 

This is another small family represented in North America by 
only three known species. They are elongated, narrow beetles 
with short serrate antenna?, which are 11- jointed and inserted at 
the sides of the head. Our species have the head deflexed, nar- 
rowed behind, the eyes large; maxillary palpi four-jointed, stout, 
very large and fiabellate in the male; thorax with the side margins 
well defined ; prosternum short ; mesosternum large, flat ; meta- 
sternum long, with narrow side pieces; elytra entire; front and 
middle coxa? conical, large, prominent, contiguous, their cavities 
open behind; hind coxa? transverse, prominent on the inner side; 
legs slender, moderately long, tibia? with small terminal spurs; 
tarsi five-jointed, filiform, their claws simple. 

The name of. the typical genus, Lymexylon, is derived from two 
Greek words meaning "to ruin" and "wood," the larva? of the 
best known European species, L. navale, causing great damage by 
boring small round holes in ship timber. The genera being mono- 
typic, there is no literature other than the isolated descriptions of 
the species, two of which have been taken in Indiana, while another 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LYMEXYLONIDJE. 

a. Elytra entire ; length 10 or more mm. 

Top of head with a small deep line at middle ; abdomen with six ven- 
tral segments. I. Hyleccetus. 
l)~b. Top of head without visible line; abdomen with five ventral seg- 
ments. II. Lymexylon. 
aa. Elytra a little shorter than abdomen ; length less than 3 mm. 

MlCROMALTHUS. 

I. Hyleccetus Lat. 1806. (Gr., "wood + bed.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States, including 
Indiana, by the single species : 

1698 (5384). Hyleccetus lugubris Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, I, 1S35, 
166 ; ibid. II, 642. 

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and prosternum rufous; elytra and 
mesosternum black ; abdomen and legs yellow ; antennas black, one to three 



THE SHIP-TIMBER BEETLES. 



805 



of the basal joints dull yellow. Body punctured, with short hairs ; thorax 
with an indented line; scutel glabrous and carinate in the middle; elytra 
with slightly elevated lines. Length 10-12 mm. 

The above is a modification of Say's original description. He 
took it from the vicinity of New Harmony, where he "observed it 
in considerable numbers on the 16th of April, flying about a pros- 
trate sugar maple and running briskly upon it. It is infested by 
a species of " Gamasus," (mite). A variety has the elytra dull 
yellowish on the basal half. Not represented in the collection at 
hand. 

II. Lymexylon Fab. 1775. (Gr., "destroyer + wood. ") 

This genus is also represented in the eastern United States by 
but one species. 

1699 (5385). Lymexylon sericeum Harr., Ins. Mass., 1838, 52. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pic- 
eous brown, clothed with very fine, silky, 
yellowish pubescence ; antenna?, under sur- 
face, tibiae and tarsi, paler. Antennae short, 
half the length of head and thorax ; third 
joint longest, 5th to 10th bead-like. Thorax 
twice as long as wide, broadly rounded in 
front, hind angles rectangular ; disk strongly 
convex on basal half, surface densely and 
rather coarsely punctured. Elytra with sides 
nearly parallel, their surface finely, densely 
and irregularly punctate. Length 11-13.5 mm. 
(Fig. 352.) 

Lake and Crawford counties; rare. 
June 29-July 21. Taken from beneath 
loose bark of oak logs. 

Micromalihus debilis Lee, elongate. Fig. 352. (Original.) 

piceous, shining, antenna? and legs yellow, length 2.2 mm., was 
described from Detroit, Michigan, where it occurred in August in 
decaying wood. 

Family XLVII. CIOIDiE. 

The Minute Tree-fungus Beetles. 

Very small, subcylindrical black or brownish beetles, rarely ex- 
ceeding 3 mm. in length, and having the head retracted, but not en- 
tirely concealed by the prolonged thorax. In the males of some 
species the. head and front margin of thorax are ornamented with 
small, horn-like processes. The family name comes from that of the 
[57—23402] 




896 



FAMILY XLII. — ClOID.E. 



typical genus, Cis, which is from a Greek word meaning "a worm 
in wood or grain. ' ' The beetles are mostly found under the bark of 
trees and in dry and woody species of fungi, and are usually 
gregarious. Some species occur in houses and are injurious in the 
larval stage to books, furniture and old woodwork, which they 
pierce with small round holes. The grubs which prey upon books 
are known as ' 'book- worm s. " 

The principal characters by which the Cioida? may be known are 
the 8- to 10-jointed antenna? (11 -jointed in one genus), inserted at 
the front margin cf the eyes, the last three joints larger, forming a 
loose club; eyes rounded, somewhat granulate; thorax with side 
margins distinct, cylindrical, rounded in front, and frequently pro- 
longed over the head. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen, the 
latter with five free ventral segments, the first longer than the 
others ; front and middle coxa? oval, not prominent, without troch- 
antins, the cavities small, separate, narrowly closed behind; legs 
moderately short; tarsi four-jointed, joints 1-3 very short, equal, 
fourth long with simple claws. 

The principal available paper treating of the North American 
species is that by 

Casey. — • ' Studies in the Ptinidoe, Cioida? and Sphindida? of 
America," in Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., VI, 1898, 61-93. 

Of the nine genera recognized by Casey, representatives of seven 
have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CIOID.5C. 

a. Antennae with last three joints larger, forming a loose club. 
7?. Antenna? 10-jointed. 

c. Prosternum simple or nearly so. 
d. Body with distinct erect bristly hairs; front tibia? usually pro- 
duced and toothed on outer side at apex. I. Cis. 
dd. Body glabrous or minutely pubescent ; front tibia? not toothed 
or produced ; body elongate ; head and thorax simple in male. 

II. Orthocis. 

cc. Prosternum carinate along the middle ; body either glabrous or 
with short decumbent pubescence. III. Xestocts. 

1)1). Antenna? 8- or 9-jointed; body glabrous. 

e. Front tibia? thickened and rounded on the outer side. 
f. Antennae 9-jointed ; body narrow, cylindrical. 

IV. Ennearthron. 

//. Antenna? 8- jointed. V. Ceracis. 

ee. Front tibia? narrowly triangular, the outer edge straight and 
minutely spinulose; antenna? 8-jointed. VI. Octotemntjs. 

aa. Antenna? with joints 5 to 11 forming a large pectinate mass, 11-jointed ; 
elytra silicate. - VII. Rhipidandrus. 



THE MINUTE TREE-FUNGI IS BEKTEE.S. 



897 



I. Cts Latr. 1798. (Gr., "a worm in wood.") 

This genus is sufficiently characterized in the above table. 
Casey recognizes 22 species, mostly from the Western and Southern 
States, 19 of which he describes as new. Of these but four have 
been taken in Indiana, while three others are herewith described 
for the first time. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CIS. 

a. Hairs of elytra stiff and bristle-like, sometimes very short and subde- 
pressed. 

b. Elytra deeply punctured throughout, some or all of the punctures 
arranged in rows ; apical angles of thorax obsolete ; body narrow, 
parallel. 

c. Elytral punctures deep, nearly uniform in size, all bearing hairs ; 

color dark reddish-brown or piceous. 1700. creberrimus. 

cc. Elytral punctuation dual, consisting of finer, deeper, seta-bearing 
punctures, with larger shallow nude punctures intermixed ; color 
black, shining. 1701. falli. 

bl>. Elytra with none of the punctures arranged in regular rows; usually 
with larger shallow ones mingled with smaller and deeper ones, 
which bear the seta?. 

d. Elytra with distinct stiff yellowish bristle-like hairs arranged in 

row^s ; body stouter, more convex. 
e. Thorax of male without a prominent suberect lobe in front. 
/. Elytra rugulose, the punctures indistinct; third joint of an- 
tenna? longer than fourth. 1702. fuscipes. 
ff. Elytra but slightly rugulose, the large shallow punctures very 
evident; third joint of antenna? equal to the fourth. 

1703. chevrolatii. 

ee. Thorax of male with a prominent suberect lobe in front; clypeus 
with two distinct triangular teeth. 1701. cornutus. 

dd. Elytra with very short, scarcely evident, bristles ; body narrow, 
parallel. 1705. confuses. 

aa. Hairs of elytra long, slender, not bristle-like, but erect and conspicuous ; 
elytral punctures confused ; last joint of maxillary palpi acutely 
pointed. 1706. tjrsulina. 

1700 (5388). Cis creberrimus Mellie, Ann. Ent France, VI, 1818, 357. 

Oblong, subcylindrical, narrow, parallel, more or less depressed. Dark 
reddish-brown ; antenna? and legs dull brownish-yellow. Thorax wider than 
long, sides feebly rounded into the front margin ; surface densely and rather 
coarsely punctate. Elytra with prominent stiff and bristle-like yellowish 
hairs, arranged in rows ; densely punctured, the punctures nearly uniform 
in size. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; Lake County, rare. March 
1-October 1. Occurs on fungus- covered stumps beneath bark; 
taken also by sifting. 



Vis 



FA MILY XliVn. — CIOIDiE. 



1701 ( ) . ClS FALLI Sp. UOV. 

Broader, more convex than creberrimns. Black, shining; antennas and 
legs reddish-brown. Thorax with front margin broadly rounded and slightly 
prolonged, the surface much more coarsely punctate than in creberrimus. 
Elytra with pubescence shorter and much less distinct than in that species ; 
the punctures differing in size, the larger ones, especially those close to the 
suture, forming indefinite rows. Length 2-2.2 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. April ll-September 20. 
Taken beneath bark of wild cherry stump in open pasture: also in 
woody fungi, and debris of beech stumps. 

1702 (5389). Cis rrscrrES Mellie, Ann. Entom. France, VI, 1848, 271. 
Oblong, subcylindrical. convex. Piceous black to dark reddish-brown, 

feebly shining, antennas and legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
the apex prolonged and broadly rounded over head, surface finely and 
evenly punctured. Elytra! bristles moderate in length and in distinct rows : 
punctures fine, rather sparse and indistinct, being hidden by the small 
transverse wrinkles. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Southern half of State, common: less so in the northern coun- 
ties. January 11-Xovember 28. Occurs beneath bark of logs and 
in fungi. 

1703 (5393). Cis chevbolatii Mellie, Ann. Entom. France, VI. ISIS, 249. 
Form and size of fuscipes. Dark chestnut brown, feebly shining : legs 

and antennae paler'. Thorax with front angles distinct but less prominent 
than in fuscipes, surface finely and densely punctured. Larger punctures 
of elytra distinct, not in rows, the pubescence shorter and less prominent 
than in f uscipes. Length 3 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. January 7. One specimen from beneath 
a chunk near the border of a swamp. 

1704 ( ). Cis cobntttus sp. nov. 

Oblong, subcylindrical. robust. Dark reddish- or chest- 
nut-brown, very thickly clothed with stiff, erect yellowish 
hairs ; beneath piceous. the legs and antenna? paler. Front 
concave ; clypeus with two prominent triangular teeth, their 
tips obtuse. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides 

\ rounded ; hind angles obtuse, front ones distinct, acute ; disk 
convex, finely and rather sparsely punctured, and with a 
broad, slightly recurved and notched horn-like lobe arising 
from the front margin. Elytra with rather coarse deep 
X1S ( Original) 11 ' punctures, none of them in rows. Length 2,2 mm. ( Fig. 

or. 1 ) \ 
oOo. ) 

Described from a single male taken from a fungus-covered 
stump near Grand Chain, Posey County. April 9. More robust 
but a little shorter than fuscipes, with longer and more dense 
pubescence, and remarkable for the processes of clypeus and thorax. 




THE MINUTE TREE-FUNGUS BEETLES. 



899 



1705 ( ). Cis confcjsus sp. nov. 

Resembles oreberrimus in form and size. Piceous, the head and front 
of thorax tinged with reddish ; legs, mouth parts and antennae reddish- 
brown. Thorax very slightly broader than long, narrowed in front, sides 
strongly rounded into the base, front angles obtuse, disk coarsely, deeply 
and evenly punctured. Elytra more finely punctured than thorax, the punc- 
tures deep and evenly distributed, but not in rows; the bristles very short, 
scarcely distinct. Length 2 mm. 

Marion and Perry counties ; rare. April 4-October 31. Taken 

by sweeping low herbage. The front angles of the thorax are less 

prominent, its surface more coarsely punctured and the elytra are 

less rugose than in the common fuscipes. 

1706 (- ). Cis ursulixa Casey, Journ. X. Y. Entom. Soc, VI, 1898, 83. 

Oblong, subcylindrical, robust. Uniform chestnut brown, shining, sparsely 

clothed with long, slender hairs. Thorax convex, one-half wider than long ; 
sides broadly rounded ; disk finely and rather sparsely punctate, and in male 
bearing a short, emarginate lobe at apex. Elytra slightly wider and more 
than twice as long as thorax ; more coarsely and sparsely punctured than 
there. Front tibiae simple at apex, not dilated or produced. Length 1.5 mm. 

Crawford County ; rare. May 25. Described from Alabama. 

II. Orthocis Casey. 1898. (Gr., "straight + Vis.") 

Elongate, parallel, glabrous species having the elytral suture 
impressed and margined toward the tip ; antennal club 3- jointed 
rather small and loose. 

1707 (5400). Oethocis punctattjs Mellie, Ann. Entom. France, VI, 1848, 

337. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, shining ; legs and antennae reddish- 
brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides almost straight, distinctly 
margined ; angles all rounded, apex broadly curved ; disk finely, deeply and 
rather closely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, finely, irregu- 
larly and rather sparsely punctate, each puncture with a very minute sil- 
very hair. Length 2.5 mm. 

Marshall County; rare. June 12. Sifted from debris of oak 

log. 

III. Xestocis Casey. 1898. (Gr., ' ' smooth or dry + Cis. ") 

To this genus Casey ascribes five species, having the prester- 
num carinate and the front tibiae strongly oblique and acute on the 
outer side at apex. One of the five was described from Indiana. 

1708 ( ). Xestocis levettei Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, VI, 

1898, 85, 

Suboval, glabrous. Very dark reddish-brown, polished. Thorax two- 
fifths wider than long, simple and rounded at apex in both sexes; sides 



900 



FAMILY XLVII. — CIOID/E. 



rather distinctly and evenly curved, feebly convergent from base to apex, 
the margins very fine; surface minutely and rather sparsely punctured. 
Elytra less than one-half longer than wide, narrowly rounded at apex, very 
feebly rugulose, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Marion and Dubois counties ; rare. April 4-October 31. 

IV. Ennearthron Meilie. 1847. (Gt„ "nine -f joints.") 

Small, smooth, cylindrical species having the antennae slender, 
with feeble club. The thorax of the male is armed at apex with 
two small, horn-like processes. Two species occur in Indiana. 

1709 (5404). Ennearthron thoractcoene Ziegl., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., II, 1845, 270. 

Oblong-cylindrical, robust. Dark reddish-brown, rather strongly shin- 
ing ; mouth parts, antennae, tibiae and tarsi paler. Front of clypeus in male 
elevated, slightly recurved and broadly emarginate. Thorax of male con- 
vex, sides rounded, surface finely and sparsely punctured; distinctly im- 
pressed behind the processes, which are rather short and divergent ; of 
female less convex, more broadly rounded in front, slightly prolonged over 
the head. Elytra very finely punctured and rugulose. Length 1.5 mm. 

Steuben, Marion, Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties; fre- 
quent. April 6-September 3. Occurs beneath moss and bark. 

1710 ( ). Ennearthron oblongus sp. nov. 

More slender and parallel than the preceding. Piceous black, strongly 
shining. Thorax of male feebly impressed behind the processes, the latter 
longer and less divergent than in thoracicorne ; thorax of female more 
strongly extended over the head ; disk in both sexes finely alutaceous and 
more evenly and coarsely punctate than in thoracicorne. Elytra more 
coarsely and rugosely punctured. Length 1-1.5 mm. 

Marion County; frequent locally. October 31-December 8. 
Taken in numbers from beneath dry, leathery fungi on dead beech 
trees. 

V. Ceracis Meilie. 1848. (Gr.. w horn + worm.") 

The members of this genus are very similar to those of Ennear- 
thron, but the antennas are only 8- jointed, one of the small joints 
near the middle being absent. One of the two species occurs in the 
State. 

1711 (5406). Ceracis sallei Meilie, Ann. Entom. Prance, VI, 377. 
Oblong-cylindrical. Dull reddish-yellow ; basal half of elytra blackish. 

Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly curved from base to the 
obtuse apical angles ; disk rather finely and sparsely punctured and, in the 
male, armed with a moderately long process which is deeply sinuate at 
apex. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, about one-half longer than wide, 
finely, sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 1.3 mm. 



THE MINUTE T REE -FUNGUS BEETLES. 



90] 



Jackson County; rare. April 12. Taken by Dury at Cincin- 
nati and probably occurs sparingly throughout the southern third 
of the State, on fungus-covered logs. 

VI. Octotemnus Mellie. 1847. (L., ''eight + cut or joint.'') 

Differs from Ennearthron by the characters given in generic 
key and also by the more oval outline of body and absence of male 
sexual characters of head and thorax. One of the two species oc- 
curs in Indiana. 

1712 ( ). Octotemnus i.^evis Casey, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VI, 1898, 91. 

Rather short and broadly oval, polished. Dull reddish-brown to black- 
ish. Thorax but little wider than long, circularly rounded at apex, the 
sides feebly diverging to base ; front and hind angles broadly rounded ; sur- 
face finely, sparsely but distinctly punctured. Elytra one-half longer than 
wide, distinctly wider than thorax and barely twice as long; surface with 
a few scattered erect hairs on apical half, minutely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 1.3-1.6 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Posey counties ; scarce. March 6-Novem- 
ber 10. Probably hibernates. Taken from beneath moss on trunks 
of beech stumps. 

VII. Rhipidandrus Lec. 1862. (Cr., "a fan + male. ") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States and In- 
diana by a single species, readily separated from other members of 
the family by the characters given in the key. 

1713 (5407). Rhipidandrus paradoxus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1S05, 

173. 

Oblong-oval. Blackish or piceous brown; antennae and legs yellow. 
Antennae with joints 5-11 strongly pectinate in male; gradually thickened 
on the outer side, with the middle portion subserrate in female. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, hind angles rectangular, front angles rounded, 
surface densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra finely but distinctly ribbed 
or sulcate, the depressions with coarse subquadrate punctures. Length 2- 
2.8 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. June 28. Occurs beneath bark of oak 
stumps. 

Family XLVIIT. SPIHNDIDiE. 

The Sphindus Beetles. 

This family is represented in the United States by only three 
small species, which occur in dry fungi on the trunks of trees and 
logs. They have the head short, prolonged into a short, broad 
muzzle; labrum distinct; antennae 10-jointed, inserted near the 



902 



FAMILY XLVTII. — SPHINIDIM. 



front margin of the eyes, the first joint large and stout, 3 to 7 slen- 
der, small, the third as long as the two following, 8 to 10 forming 
an oval, bifoliate club as long as the stem; thorax truncate before 
and behind, Avith distinct side margins ; prosternal sutures deep for 
the reception of the antenna?, which in repose are folded with the 
club bent suddenly outward, behind the front leg ; front coxag trans- 
verse, small, the cavities separated by the prosternum, narrowly 
closed behind ; elytra entire, epipleura narrow ; abdomen with five 
free ventral segments; front and middle tarsi 5-jointed, hind ones 
4-jointed ; claws small, simple. 

The three species comprising the family represent as many dif- 
ferent genera, and all probably occur in the State, though but one 
has been taken. 

KEY TO GENERA OE SPHINDIDyE. 

a. Sides of thorax with six or seven teeth, its flanks not concave ; body 
smooth. Odontosphindits. 
aa. Sides of thorax entire. 

1). Body finely pubescent ; flanks of thorax slightly concave. 

I. Sphindus. 

1)1). Body broadly oval, clothed with erect hairs ; flanks of thorax deeply 
concave. Eurysphindus. 



L. Sphindus Chev. 1833. (NL., a made word.) 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented by the 
single species: 

1714 (5409). Sphindus americanus Lee, New Sp. N. Anier. Col., I, 1866, 
104. 

Oblong, convex. Piceous-black, the elytra often dark brown; antenna? 
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly 
rounded, disk convex, finely and rather closely punctate. Elytral striae 
feebly impressed, coarsely but shallowly punctate; intervals finely punctu- 
late; uinbone prominent. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marshall and Marion counties; rare. May 20-June 7. Taken 
from fungus on beech and sifted from decaying linn stump. Prob- 
ably occurs throughout the State. 

The other two species of the family are Eurysphindus hirtus 
Lee, 1.6 mm. in length, blackish-brown, pubescent with erect hairs, 
and OdoniospMndus denticollis Lee, elongate, subcylindrical, 
brown, and 2.7 mm. long. Both were described from near Detroit 
and have been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati, 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAMEIJL.ICORNIA. 



903 



Series IV. LAMELLICORNIA. 

All members of this series have the tarsi 5-jointed and the an- 
tennas with three to seven of the terminal joints broader on one 
side,, so as to form a peculiar club, the parts of which are movable. 
The front tibia? are dilated and strongly toothed or scalloped on the 
outer edge. The larva? live on decaying vegetable matter, roots or 
dung. Two families comprise the series, both of which are repre- 
sented in the State. 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAMELLICORISTA. 

a. Antenna? usually elbowed, the outer joints or lamella? not flattened, but 
prolonged on the inner side to form a pectinate club, the joints of 
which cannot be brought closely together (Fig. 4. Xo. 13) ; elytra 
entirely covering the dorsal surface of the abdomen, tbe latter with 
five ventral segments visible at the sides. 

Family XLIX. Lucaxid.e, p. 903. 
aa. Antenna? not elbowed, the lamella? flattened and capable of forming a 
compact club (Fig. 359) ; elytra usually leaving the pygidium un- 
covered; six or seven ventral segments visible on the sides. 

Family L. Scarab.etd.e, p. 909. 

Family XLIX. LUCAXID.E. 
The Stag Beetles. "Pixchixg Bugs." 

A small family of large or medium-sized beetles distinguished 
by having the outer joints of antenna? leaf-like but not capable of 
being opposed or folded together into a compact club, as in the 
next family, the Scaraba?ida?, to which they are otherwise closely 
allied. The clubs of the antenna? are therefore pectinate,, or comb- 
toothed, rather than lamellate. In the majority of species the an- 
tenna? are elbowed or crooked, the second and following joints form- 
ing an angle with the first. The common names, "stag beetles" and 
"pinching bags," are given them on account of the great develop- 
ment of the mandibles, which, in the males of some species, are 
branched like the antlers of a stag. 

In addition to the characters above mentioned the Lucanida? 
have the mentum large, horn-like, quadrate (triangular in Nica- 
gus) ; maxilla? usually covered and with two lobes, one or both of 
which bears a fixed, horn-like terminal hook ; antenna? 10-jointed, 
inserted under the margin of the front: elytra rounded at tip. 
covering the abdomen, which lias five free ventral segments; legs 



904 



FAMILY XLIX. LUCANIDJE. 



fitted for digging ; front coxse large, transverse, without trOchantin, 
the cavities closed behind; front tibiae more or less toothed on the 
outer side; middle and hind tibiae each with two teeth on the 
outer side; tarsi slender, 5-jointed; claws simple, with a short 
bristle-bearing pad between them. 

The name Lucanicla? is from that of the typical genus Lucanus, 
which is derived from a Latin word meaning "to shine" or "sun- 
rise," in allusion to the glistening surface of the elytra in the mem- 
bers of that genus. The adult beetles live by day in or beneath 
decaying logs or stumps, and some of them take flight at dusk, when 
they are often attracted in large numbers by electric and other 
lights. Some of them are said to feed upon honey dew, or the exu- 
dations of the leaves and bark of trees. They lay their eggs in 
crevices in the bark of trees, especially near the roots, and the 
larvae feed upon the juices of wood in various stages of decay. In 
form the iarvaa resemble the ordinary white grubs of the genus 
Lachnosterna and they mature slowly, some of the large ones re- 
quiring six years to complete their growth. 

The principal literature relating to the North American species 
is as follows : 

Fuchs, Chas:— 1 1 Synopsis of the Lucanidae of the United 

States," in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc, V, 1882, 49-60. 
Wickham. H. F. — "The Lucanidae of Ontario and Quebec," in 

Can. Ent, XXXI, 1899, 21-25. 
Between 500 and 600 species of stag beetles are known. Of these 
only nineteen species and several varieties, distributed among eight 
genera, are recognized as belonging to the North American fauna. 
Eight species, representing six genera, have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LUCANIDJE. 

a. Antennae elbowed at end of first joint, which is nearly or quite as long 
as all the others united. (Fig. 4, No. 13.) 
ft. Elytra smooth or nearly so; front tibiae with large teeth on outer 
edge ; size large, 20-35 ram. I. Lucanus. 

~bl>. Elytra striate and punctate. 

c. Eyes strongly notched by the margin of the head ; front tibia? ser- 
rulate ; size larger, 15-25 mm. II. Dorcus. 
cc. Eyes entire or nearly so ; size smaller. 10-12 mm. 

III. Platycerus. 

aa. Antennae straight (not elbowed). 

d. Form oblong or elongate, sides parallel or nearly so; elytra striate, 
glabrous. 

e. Front of head simply excavated or with a depression ; size smaller, 
not over 15 mm. IV. Ceruchus. 



THE STAG BEETLES. 



905 



ee. Front of head with a short bent horn, pointing forward; larger, 
30 or more mm. V. Passalus. 

M. Form short, oval, convex, the sides not parallel ; elytra coarsely punc- 
tured, not striate, pubescent. VI. Nicagus. 



I. Lucaxus Linn. 1763. (L., "to shine.") 

Large, smooth, brownish species with very prominent mandibles, 
which are most strongly developed in the males. The mentum, as 
in the next two genera, is very broad, completely covering the maxil- 
la?. Three of the four known species occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LUCANUS. 

a. Mandibles of male as long as abdomen; female with black legs and 
chestnut brown elytra. 1715. elaphus. 

a a. Mandibles of male as long as thorax. 

b. Mandibles each with one tooth on the inner side; head of male 
broader than thorax; femora light brown. 1716. dama. 

hb. Mandibles straight, with several teeth on inner side in male, two 
ill-defined ones in female : head of male not broader than thorax ; 
femora dark brown or nearly black. 1717. placidus. 



1715 (5411). 



Lucanus elaphus Fab.. 
Syst. Ent.. 1T9S. 2. 



Dark chestnut-brown, shining ; legs 

and antenna? black or nearly so. Head 

of male much wider than thorax, with 

a strong crest above the eyes; mandi- 
bles very long, widely forked at apex, 

the inner edge with numerous small 

teeth ; mentum of female comparatively 

longer, much more quadrate and with 

front angles much less rounded than in 

those of female of dama. Antenna? of 

male more slender than in the other 

species. Length of male (not including 

mandibles) 31-40 mm.; of female 

2S mm. (Fig. 354.) 

A species of southern range, 
represented in the collection by five 
males and one female, taken in 
Yigo, Monroe and Crawford coun- 
ties. May 20-August 21. Occurs 
about old oak stumps, though sometimes in gardens. The females 
are verv rare. 




Fig. 354. Xatural_size. (After Fuchs.) 



1716 (5412). Lucanus dama Thunb.. Meinr. Mosc. 1S06. 19S. 

This species is sufficiently distinguished by the characters given in 
kev. It is the only one of the three which has light brown femora. The 



906 



FAMILY XLIX. — LUCANIDiE. 



elytra are smooth or very finely punctulate and the antennse of male stouter 
and comparatively shorter than in elaphus; mandibles of male twice the 
length of those of female. Length 22-35 mm. (Figs. 355-356.) 





Fig. 355. Lucanus dama Fabr. Larva and cocoon. 
(After Packard.) 

Throughout the State; fre- 
quent. May 10-July 16. It flies 

■i-t. 'ii l -it • • Fig. 356. Natural size. (After Packard.) 

by night with a loud buzzing noise v 
and is attracted by electric or house lights. The larvae live in old 
oak, beech, apple, willow or oak snags, and the freshly matured 
beetles are often found about the roots and beneath the bark of 
these trees in May and June. This and the next species are the 
ones commonly known as "pinching bugs," as when picked up they 
often grab the fingers with their protruding jaws and hold on with 
a strong grip. 

1717 (5414). Lucanus placidus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 
202 ; ibid. II, 302. 

From dama this species is known by the characters given in key and 
by its piceous or very dark reddish-brown color. The mandibles are curved 
only at tip, and they, as well as the entire upper surface, are more coarsely 
and distinctly punctured. Length 19-32 mm. 

Throughout the State; more common than dama. May 1-June 
20. Occurs at electric lights and is abundant in season along the 
beach of Lake Michigan. 



II. Dorcus McLeay. 1819. (L., "antelope.") 

Smaller, more parallel, and with the body more distinctly 
pedunculate than in Lucanus. One species and two varieties are 
known from the United States. 

*1718 (5415). Doecus paraulelus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 248; ibid. II, 146. 
Oblong, parallel. Dark brown, nearly black. Head and thorax shin- 
ing, finely and sparsely punctulate. Mentum strongly transversely striate, 
male; rugose, female. Males with head nearly as broad as thorax; mandi- 



THE STAG BEETLES. 



907 



bles with a large median tooth which points obliquely inward and upward. 
Elytra deeply striate, both striae and intervals finely and rather closely 
punctured. Length 15-26 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, April 27-December 8. Hi- 
bernates beneath old, partly burned logs. Occurs most commonly 
in June and July about the roots of oak, linn and maple trees and 
stumps, in the decaying wood of which the larvae bore. The word 
Dorcus means antelope, and this species is sometimes called the 
" antelope beetle." 

III. Platycerus Geoff. 1764. (Gr, " broad + antennas.") 
Small oblong beetles having the eyes nearly entire instead of 
being notched in front by the sharp side margin of the head; sixth 
ventral segment visible; front tibiae armed on the outer side with 
numerous fine, saw-like teeth. The mandibles of the males incline 
upward and are larger than those of the females. 

1719 (5416). Platycerus quercus Web., Obs. Ent, 1801, 85. 

Oblong, subdepressed. Blackish or dark reddish- 
brown, often tinged with brassy or greenish, shining. 
Mandibles of male as long as head and about 6-toothed 
at tip ; of female, much shorter. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, sides rounded, hind angles obtuse; surface 
sparsely punctured, male; more densely and coarsely, 
female. Elytra with three or four subobsolete strise 
next to suture, deeply and rather sparsely punctured. 
Length 10-12 mm. (Fig. 357.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 25- 

& Fig; Line snows 

October 29. Occurs beneath bark and logs, es- natural size, 
pecially those of oak. Begins to emerge as imago the latter part of 
March. Mates about May 1st. 

IV. Ceruchus McLeay. 1819. (Gr., "bearing a horn.") 
Larger and more convex than Platycerus, with antennae straight; 
body subcylindrical and front coxae contiguous. The head of the 
male is much broader and longer than that of female, and bears a 
deep frontal excavation. 

1720 (5422). Ceruchus piceus Web., Obs. Entom., 1801, 84. 

Subcylindrical, convex, highly polished. Piceous or dark reddish-brown. 
Male with mandibles as long as head and with a very large median tooth 
on inner side; head deeply striate on the sides; thorax and elytra finely 
and rather sparsely punctate. Female with mandibles half the length of 
head, with three or four blunt teeth on inner side: thorax and elytra more 
coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra shallowly striate in both sexes, 
the stria3 subobsolete on the sides. Length 10-15 mm, 




908 FAMILY XLTX.— LUCANID^E. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 10-October 25. Occurs 
in and about decaying beech, oak and other logs. 

V. Passalus Fabr. 1792. (Gr., "a post or peg.") 

Mentum deeply emarginate, the notch being filled by the large 
horn-like ligulaj; antennae stout, not elbowed, but in repose so curved 
as to appear so ; body distinctly pedunculate, the scutellum in front 
of the base of elytra. One species occurs throughout the United 
States. 

*1721 (5424). Passalus cornutus Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 256. 

Elongate, somewhat flat- 
tened, parallel, robust. Black, 
shining. Head armed with a 
short, bent hook. Thorax quad- 
rate, angles rounded; disk 
smooth, with a deep median 
impressed line. Elytra deeply 
striate, the strise finely punc- 
tured. Length 32-36 mm. (Fig. 
358.) 

This well-known spe- 
cies, commonly known as 
the "horn" or "bess-bee- 

Fig. 358. a, larva; b, pupa; c. beetle; d, hind leg of larva, showing tie," OCCUI'S abundantly 
atrophied joints; e, same, enlarged. (After Riley.) throughout the State. It 

hibernates in its usual 
abiding places, the juicy depths of half- decayed logs and stumps. 
They are often utilized as horses by country children, the horn 
furnishing an inviting projection to which may be fastened, by a 
thread or cord, chips and pieces of bark to be dragged about by the 
strong and never-lagging beast of burden. When tired of "play- 
ing horse ' ' they can make of the insect an instrument of music ; 
for, when held by the body, it emits a creaking, hissing noise, pro- 
duced by rubbing the abdomen up and down against the inside of 
the hard, horny wing covers. The larva is remarkable in having 
only the four front legs of normal size, the hind pair being aborted. 
January 11 -November 26. 

VI. Nicagus Lec. 1.861. (Gr., "to lead in victory.") 

The only member of this genus, usually placed among the Scara- 
bseidse, has been recently transferred to the present family. It 
differs widely in appearance from the other Lucanidse, more re- 
sembling a nearly smooth Trox. The joints of the antenna!- club 




THE STAG' UKKTIYKS. 



009 



are, like those of the other Lucanidae, pectinate and not opposable, 
but the triangular mentum, the small size of the aiouth organs and 
the form of body are distinctly Searabaeiad. The antennae are 10- 
jointecl, the club three- jointed, longer in the male than in female. 

1722 (5611). Nicagus obscurus Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ser. 2, 
I, 86. 

Oval, convex. Piceous or dark brown, sparsely clothed with very short, 
pale suberect hairs ; entire upper surface coarsely and rather densely punc- 
tured. Thorax one-half broader than long, widest at middle, apex one- 
half narrower than base, margins finely eremite, front angles prominent, 
hind ones obtuse. Elytra not striate, the pubescence more dense than on 
thorax. Length 7-9.5 mm. 

Vigo and Marion counties; scarce. May 1— June 7. Occurs 
about piles of drift in damp,, sandy localities. In the East it is said 
to frequent the vicinity of dead mussels {Unios). 



Family L. SCARAB JEIDJE. 
The Lamellicorn Beetles. 

A very large family, comprising beetles that vary greatly in 
size, form and habits. All agree, however, in having the antennae 
end in an oval club, composed of three to seven leaves or "lamel- 
la;." (Fig. 359.) These leaves can be folded 
closely together so that in repose the club ap- 
pears solid. It is this form of antenna! club 
which gives rise to the common name "lamelli- 
corn beetles." Another character possessed by 
all members of the family is the form of the 
front tibia?, which are fossorial, or fitted for dig- 
ging in the ground, being almost always broad, 
compressed and strongly toothed or scalloped on 
the outer edge. The tarsi of the middle and 
hind legs are generally long and always five- 
jointed. For the most part the beetles are short, 
convex and stout-bodied, the well-known "June 
bugs" or May beetles being familiar examples. 
Taking this form in connection with the lamel- 
late antennae and fossorial legs, the members of 
the family are easily recognized. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Scarabaeidae have 
the antennae 7- to 11-jointed, usually 10-jointed, and inserted before 
the eyes under the sides of the front; abdomen with six (rarely 
five) ventral segments; front and middle coxae large, transverse, 




Fig. 359. Antenna of a La- 
mellicorn beetle, showing the 
structure of club. (After 
Smith.) 



910 



FAMILY L - -S C AR ABiEIDiE . 



the front cavities very large and closed behind; hind coxas flat, 
transverse ; front tibiae palmate ; tarsal claws generally equal, rarely 
wanting. 

According to habits the adults of the Scarabaeids are popularly 
separated into two well-marked groups, known as the dung beetles, 
or scavengers, and the leaf-chafers. The former have the legs stout, 
the hind ones set far back behind the middle of the hind-body. 
They live upon putrefying or decomposing matter, such as the dung 
of animals, decaying fungi and carrion. Of this group the com- 
mon "tumble-bugs" and skin beetles (Trox) are well-known ex- 
amples. The leaf -chafers have the legs rather slender and with the 
hind legs attached at or before the middle of the hind-body. They 
feed either upon the leaves of trees or the pollen and petals of 
flowers, the "rose-bugs" and May-beetles being familiar forms. 

The larvae or grubs of the lamellicorns are either white or yel- 
lowish in hue, with a brown, horny head bearing prominent mandi- 
bles. They are usually much wrinkled and enlarged toward the 
hinder end, and when at rest lie partly coiled up, the tip of the ab- 
domen almost touching the long spiny legs. They live in the 
ground, in decaying wood or in excrement. Those which live in the 
ground are known as ' ' white-grubs, ' ' and often do much damage to 
the roots of grass, corn and other plants. They will be more fully 
mentioned in connection with their adults on later pages. Those 
which live in dung and other refuse matter render man much valu- 
able aid by removing from sight and smell a great deal of filth. 

The family Searabasidsc comprises about 13,000 described spe- 
cies, among them the largest beetles known, and is best represented 
in warm or tropical countries. The name of the family is from the 
Latin Scarabcmis or Scarab, meaning "a beetle." The Scarab of 
the ancient Egyptians was a sacred beetle belonging to this family, 
which they held in high veneration. It was placed by them in the 
tombs with their dead. Its picture was often painted on their 
stone coffins or sarcophagi and its image was carved in stone and 
precious gems. The name scarab was also given by them to a gem, 
usually of emerald, green feldspar or obsidian, cut in the form of a 
beetle and engraved on the under face. 

About 600 species of the family are known from North America. 
These are divided among three subfamilies, and these in turn into 
tribes and genera. The literature is scattered among many papers, 
mostly by Drs. LeConte and Horn, and will be mentioned under the 
tribal or generic headings. 



THE LAMELLICOEN BEETLES. 



911 



KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF SCARAB7EID/E. 

a. Abdominal spiracles situated in a line on the membrane connecting the 
dorsal and ventral horn-like plates, the last one, like the others, 
covered by the elytra ; upper surface of head usually much dilated 
on the front and sides; dung eating or skin beetles. 

Subfamily I. Laparosticti, p. 911. 
da. Abdominal spiracles, except the front one or two, not situated on the 
membrane above mentioned, the last one usually visible behind the 
elytra; upper surface of head rarely dilated; vegetable feeding spe- 
cies. 

b. Abdominal spiracles in part situated on the superior portion of the 
ventral segments, the rows of spiracles feebly diverging. 

Subfamily II. Melolonthin^e, p. 947. 
bl). Abdominal spiracles (excepting the three front ones) situated on the 
dorsal portion of the ventral segments, forming two rows which 
diverge strongly. Subfamily III. Pleurosticti, p. 980. 

Subfamily I. LAPAROSTICTI. 

In addition to the characters above given the Laparosticti, or 
Coprophaga, as they are sometimes called, are distinguished by hav- 
ing the suture separating the clypeus from the head distinct, and 
not transverse but extending upward toward the vertex; club of 
antennas consisting of only three joints. They all live on decompos- 
ing matter, most of them in dung or fungi. The subfamily is di- 
vided into eight tribes, six of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF LAPAROSTICTI. 

a. Abdomen with six visible ventral segments. 

b. Antenna? with eight to ten joints ; mandibles concealed by the cly- 
peus except in the genera Aigialia and Oclwdceus. 
c. Hind tibiae with a single terminal spur (except in Canthon nigri- 
eornis) ; form shorter, rounded; end of the abdomen exposed. 

Tribe I. Coprini, p. 912. 
cc. Hind tibiae with two spurs ; abdomen wholly covered by elytra ; 
size usually small. 
(1. Antennae 9-jointed ; form oblong-convex or subcylindrical. 

Tribe II. Apiiodiini, p. 920. 
dd. Antennae 10-;jointed ; form oval, convex. 

Tribe III. Orphnini, p. 935. 
bb. Antennae 11-jointed ; mandibles prominent, visible from above. 

Tribe IV. Geotrupini, p. 936. 
aa. Abdomen with five visible ventral segments. 

e. Body partially contractile, rounded, smooth, shining ; scutellum rela- 
tively large. Tribe V. Acanthocerini, p. 940. 
ee. Body not contractile, oblong, convex, roughly sculptured ; scutellum 
small. Tribe VI. Trogini, p. 941. 
[58—23402] 



912 



FAMILY L. — - SCARAB. EID.1t:. 



Tribe I. COPRINI. 

Beetles of rounded form and variable size, which live almost 
exclusively in excrement or decaying fungi. They have the clypeus 
expanded so as to cover entirely the mouth organs ; the mandibles 
principally membranous, with only the outer margin horn-like; 
middle legs widely separated; elytra subtruneate at apex, leaving 
the pygidium exposed. The tribe is subdivided into seven genera, 
five of which are represented in Indiana. The principal literature 
treating of the North American genera is by 

Horn. — "Notes on Some Genera of Coprophagus Searabaeidae of 
the United States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870, 
42-51. 

Horn. — ' ' Synonymical Notes and Descriptions of New Species of 
North American Coleoptera, " in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 
1875. The genera Chceridium and Onthophagus are treated 
on pp. 137-141. 

BlancJiard. Frederick. — "On the Species of Canthon and Pba- 

nseus of the United States, with Notes on other Genera," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1885. 163-172. 
Schceffer, Chas. — "On Bradycinetus and Bolboceras of North 

America, with Notes on other Scarabseidn?, " in Trans. Amer. 

Ent. Soc, XXXII, 1906, pp. 249-278. 

KEY TO INDIANA. GENERA OF COPRINT. 

a. Middle and hind tibia 3 , slender, curved, but little enlarged at tip ; bead 
and thorax never horned in either sex. I. Canthon. 

aa. Middle and hind tibiae much expanded at tip ; males usually with horns 
on the head or thorax. 
b. Third joint of labial palpi distinct. 

c. Size small, not over 7 mm. ; front coxae very transverse, not promi- 
nent. II. Chceridium. 
cc. Size larger, 10 to 27 mm. ; front coxa? short, prominent. 
cl. Front legs with tarsi ; tarsal claws distinct ; color black. 

III. Copris. 

dd. Front legs of males without tarsi; all tarsal claws wanting; col- 
ors metallic and green. IV. Phan^etjs. 
TjIj. Labial palpi 2-jointed ; scutellum invisible; size small, not over 8 mm. 

V. Onthophagus. 

I. Canthon Hoffm. 1817. (Gr., ' 1 a kind of beetle. ") 

Black or bronzed insects often seen along country roads and 
pathways, rolling balls of dung from place to place, hence popularly 
known as " tumble-bugs. " The balls are rolled often to a consider- 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



913 




Fig. 360. Canthon Icevis Drury. Male and 
female at work rolling a ball of dung. 



able distance, the long, slender, slightly curved hind tibiae having 
become modified and well adapted for 
this work. The beetles work in pairs, 
a male and a female together, and the 
ball which they roll is often several 
times as large as their combined size. 
(Fig. 360.) They finally bury the 
ball in the ground and the female 
then deposits an egg in one side of it, 
thus insuring the future larva a suit- 
able supply of food. Comstock says 
that "this is one of the instances, 
rare among insects, where the male 
realizes that he has some responsibil- 
ity as a father, and assists the female 
in providing for the young. This 

strange habit of rolling these balls has occasioned much speculation 
as to its object, and has been the source of many superstitions, espe- 
cially in ancient times. The only reasonable theory that we have 
met is that, as many predaceous insects frequent the masses of dung 
from which the balls are obtained, in order to prey upon the larvae 
which live there, the more intelligent tumble-bugs remove the food 
for their larvae to a safe distance." The sexes of Canthon are alike 
in appearance and the clypeus has prominent teeth at the middle. 
Five species have been taken in Indiana, while four others may 
occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CANTHON. 

a. Sides of thorax beneath without an entire transverse carina. 

7). Clypeus with four to six teeth ; hind thighs not margined in front ; 
size small or medium. 6 to 10 mm. ; color black, 
c. Hind tibiae with two spurs. 1723. nigricoknis. 

cc. Hind tibiae with one spur. 

d. Subhumeral stria not carinate ; surface coarsely granulate. 

e. Hind femora with bristle-bearing punctures ; thorax more 
coarsely granulate. ebenus. 
ce. Hind femora with fine setae, sparsely punctate ; thorax more 
densely, much less coarsely granulate. depressipennis. 
(hi. Subhumeral stria carinate ; surface not granulate, very smooth, 
almost shining. probus. 
bh. Clypeus with two teeth ; hind thighs margined in front; size larger. 
11-22 mm. 

f. Eyes larger ; antennae reddish-brown. yigilans. 
//. Eyes smaller ; antennae dark brown. 

g. Thorax distinctly granulate; pyg'idium and last ventral segment 
granulate. 1721. l.evis. 



914 



FAMILY U — SCAB A RiEIMG . 



gg. Thorax finely rugose without distinct granules; pygidium and 
last ventral smooth. 1725. chalcites. 

a a. Sides of thorax beneath with an entire transverse carina; size small, 
4-6 mm. 

h. Clypeus with two teeth ; bright bronze or greenish. 1726. vieidis. 
hh. Clypeus with four distinct teeth ; brown, bronzed, shining ; eyes 
larger. 1727. pekplextts. 

1723 (5425). Canthon nigkicoknis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1S23, 207; ibid. II, 133. 
Broadly oval. Black, subopaque, sparsely and finely granulate ; head 
and thorax often with a purplish reflection. Clypeus six-toothed, the two 
front ones more prominent, flattened and slightly recurved, the others 
smaller. Elytra with subobsolete stria?. Length 6-9 mm. 

Two specimens from near North Judson, Starke County. 
July 13. 

C. ebenus Say, deep black, length 7-10 mm., is known from 
Maine and Pennsylvania to Kansas and Texas; C. depressipennis 
Lec., greenish-black, length 7-10 mm., has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati; C. pr obits Germ., dull black, length 6 mm., occurs in Ken- 
tucky and southward ; C. vigilans Lec, length 17-22 mm., occurs 
from Pennsylvania and Ohio westward. 

1724 (5435). Canthon l^vis Drury, Exot. Ins., I, 1770, 79. 

Broadly oval. . Usually dull black, tinged with cupreous ; sometimes 
(south and west) varying to deep blue and bright green. Readily known 
by its larger size and distinct and rather dense granulations of thorax and 
elytra. The teeth of clypeus are blunt and but little prominent. Length 
11-19 mm. (Fig. 360.) 

Throughout the State ; common. April 23-September 29. This 
is our most abundant and best known "tumble-bug." Prom mid- 
April until after heavy frosts it can be found along every roadside 
or pathway where horses or cows have dropped their dung. 

1725 (5436). Canthon chalcites Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 

1843, 304. 

Form somewhat more robust, shorter and broader than Jmvis. Upper 
surface distinctly and uniformly bronzed ; under surface and legs black, 
moderately shining. Thorax finely and intricately rugose, not granulate. 
Elytra granulate, but much more sparsely than in Icevis. Male with front 
tibiae much longer and more curved and middle tibiae distinctly longer than 
in female. Length 13-20 mm. 

Vigo, Knox and Posey counties; frequent. April 23-Septem- 
ber 2. 

1726 (5438). - Canthon vieidis Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 23. 
Broadly oval or subrotund. Bronzed, strongly shining. Thorax very 

finely punctured. Elytra smooth or nearly so, obsoletely striate. Hind 
tibiae slightly curved. Length 4-5 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May 11-July 1. Oc- 



THE LAMELLi CORN BEETLES. 



015 



curs beneath flat stones on hillsides near Wyandotte Cave. This 
and the next are the smallest species of the genus. 

1727 (5439). Canthon perplexus Lee. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ser. 2, 
I, 1847, 85. 

Broadly oval or subrotund. Brown bronzed, shining. Thorax rather 
coarsely punctured. Elytra more finely punctured, each puncture bearing 
a very small, recumbent, scale-like hair. Hind tibiae slightly curved. Length 
4.5-5.5 mm. 

Knox County; rare. July 8. A single specimen from border 
of cypress swamp. Known from Illinois and westward. 

II. Chceridium Lep. 1825. (Gr., "a young pig.") 
This genus contains tw T o small, rounded species resembling 
Hister in general appearance. They have the under side of thorax 
transversely carinate and, as in the next three genera, the middle 
and hind tibiae much expanded at apex. By this character they 
may be readily separated from the small species of Canthon. One 
of the two has been taken in Indiana. 

*1728 (5441). Chceeidium histeeoides Web., Obs. Ent, 1801, 37. 

Rounded, convex. Bronzed above ; dark chestnut 
brown beneath, strongly shining. Clypeus emarginate 
or two-toothed. Thorax with a feeble median im- 
pressed line on basal half and a small, deep rounded 
impression on each side ; surface sparsely and shal- 
lowly punctured. Elytra finely striate, the striae in- 
distinctly punctured. Male with spur of front tibiae 
dilated in the form of a small, circular sessile disk. 
Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 361.) 

Throughout the State ; common in the south- 
ern, scarce in the northern counties. Occurs Fig36i. u 

(Original.) 

most abundantly in half-dried cow dung, and 

hibernates sparingly beneath this and logs. February 23-Novem- 

ber 17. 

III. Coprjs Geoff. 1762. (Gr., "dung.") 
Medium or large-sized species having the labial palpi broad, 
compressed and 3-jointed : the front coxa? conical, large and prom- 
inent; all tarsal claws distinct but without a bristle-tipped process 
(onychium) between them. The males have the head or thorax or 
both either tuber culate or horned. The species of Copris do not 
transport excrement in balls any great distance, but bury it in bur- 
rows on or near the spot. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COPRIS. 

a. Elytra each with eight striae; front of head semicircular; thorax with a 
transverse carina on sides beneath. 




916 



FAMILY L. — SCAEABJEIM3. 



6. Clypeus densely punctured at sides, nearly smooth at middle ; size 
small. 8-11 mm. 1729. mintjtus. 

&.&. Clypeus evenly and densely punctured over its entire surface; larger. 
13-18 mm. 1730. axaglypticvs. 

aa. Elytra each with seven strife; front of head elongately rounded; thorax 
without carina beneath ; still larger, 20-28 mm. 1731. caeolhsa. 

*1729 ( 5443). Copeis mixutus Drury, Exot. Ins., L 1770. 78. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black, feebly shining. Clypeus acutely and 
rather deeply notched, its median portion nearly smooth ; its sides, as well 
as surface of thorax, rather densely and coarsely punctured. Vertex in 
male with a short and slender horn. Elytral striae punctate. Length 8- 
11 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent : less so in the northern coun- 
ties. February 28— September 9. Hibernates sparingly beneath 
cover ol logs, etc. 

1730 ( 5444). Copeis axaglypticus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 

1S23. 204 : ibid. II. 131. 
Broadly oval, convex, robust. Black, feebly shining. Clypeus acutely 
notched at middle. Vertex of head of male armed with an obtuse horn ; 
tuberculate in female. Thorax densely and coarsely punctured : its crest 
with three tubercles, the median one deeply emarginate; these much less 
prominent in female. Elytral striae broad, the punctures transverse. Length 
13-1S mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 23-October 21. The 
spine on head of male varies much in length. 

1731 (5448). Copeis caeolixa Linn.. Syst. Nat.. II. 1766, 545. 

Broadly oval, very ro- 
bust. Black, shining. Cly- 
peus fi n e 1 y rugose, not 
punctate, the horn of male 
short, blunt. Under side of 
thorax with a rather deep 
excavation near the front 
angle for the reception of 
the antennal club in repose. 
Elytral striae shallow, fee- 
bly punctate. Length 20- 
2S mm. (Fig. 362.) 

Southern half of 
State, frequent : noted 
only in Lake County in 
the north. April 25- 
August 23. Often at- 
tracted by electric lights 

Fig. 362. a, larva; b, section of hollow ball of dung in which the larva in e C^eS. Our largest 

undergoes its changes; c, pupa; d, female beetle; e, spiracle or breathing Species of the tribe COD- 

pore of larva; /, mandible; g, antenna; h, labium; i, maxilla and niaxil- , m 

lary palpus; /, swelling on under side of anal segment. (After Riley.) VI1H, 




THE LAMELLlCOR^s BEKTLKS. 



917 




IV. Phanjeus MacLeay. 1819. (Gr., ' 'light bearer.") 

Robust, brilliantly colored forms, the males of our species with 
head armed with a horn; first joint of antennal club hollowed out to 
receive the others ; front tarsi of males wholly absent ; those of fe- 
males present, but very small and slender. Two species occur in 
Indiana. 

1732 (5452). Phan/eus caextfkx Linn., Syst. Nat, I. 17<u. 540. 
Broadly oval, somewhat flattened above. Head 

bronzed; thorax bright cupreous; elytra green, often 
tinged with bluish. Clypeus entire, armed in male with 
a long curved horn, in female with a short blunt tubercle. 
Thorax of male with disk flat and hind angles much more 
prominent than in female; surface very rough. Elytra 
striate; intervals broad, finely and intricately rugose, 
deeply punctured and more or less costate. Length 14- 
22 mm. (Fig. 363.) Fig . m X li 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 10-Oc- ( After Glover - ) 
tober 21. Notwithstanding its disgusting habits this is one of our 
most beautiful and interesting beetles. 

1733 ( ). PnAis T Et's torre xs Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. I, Ser. 2, 

1847, 85. 

Form of cam if ex. Uniform coppery above; piceous, feebly bronzed be- 
neath; palpi, stem of antennae and tarsi reddish-brown; club of antennae 
darker. Clypeus rounded, margin elevated; vertex in female transversely 
elevated, in male armed with a short, compressed acute horn. Thorax of 
male with disk flattened and triangular, finely scabrous ; sides deeply sinu- 
ate near base, hind angles obtuse ; in female more convex, with a transverse 
elevation near apex, disk with small, triangular, scale-like granules and 
with a median impression on basal half. Elytra deeply striate, the stria? 
dilated at base; intervals strongly elevated, minutely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Length 15-18 mm. 

Monroe County; rare. June 9. A single female collected by 
Max Ellis. Described from St. Louis, Missouri. After describing 
this form as distinct, Dr. LeConte in 1863 placed it as a variety of 
triangularis Say. In this he was followed by Blanchard. Chas. 
W. Leng, to whom the specimen was sent for identification, takes 
the ground that the original name torrens should be restored until 
the relationship of the beetle to triangularis is settled. 

V. Onthophagts Lat. 1807. (Gr., "dung + eating. ") 

Small oval beetles having the front coxae large, conical and pro- 
tuberant : third joint of labial palpi obsolete: tarsal claws distinct, 
with a. long setae-bearing process between them. In some of the 



918 



FAMILY L. — SCARAB rF.ID E. 



species the thorax bears a process or protuberance in front, this 
being most prominent in the male, Avhere it varies greatly in de- 
velopment, even in the same species. The clypeus and vertex usu- 
ally each bear a transverse carina, these being more strongly marked 
in the females. In all the males the front tibiae are much longer, 
more slender and more curved than in the females. Five species 
and three varieties have been taken in Indiana, 



l)l>. 



(at 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ONTHOPH AGUS. 

a. Thorax of male protuberant in front, frequently with a long process 
more or less deeply emarginate at tip; protuberance in female very 
short but evident. 

1). Body black, opaque ; thorax finely granulate ; elytral intervals each 
with two rows of fine granules. 1734. hecate. 

Body bronzed or greenish, shining; thorax punctured; elytra not 
granulate. 1735. janus. 

Thorax of male not differing from the female, both simply convex. 
c. Margin of clypeus distinctly notched, more acutely in female than in 
male. 

(1. Base and apex of elytra with small paler patches ; thorax sparsely 
granulate punctate. 1736. tubebculifbons. 

dd. Elytra uniform purplish-bronzed ; thorax coarsely and deeply punc- 
tate. . 1737. CEIBBICOLLIS. 

cc. Margin of clypeus feebly truncate at middle; elytra wholly black. 

173S. pennsylvanicus. 

1734 (545S). Onthophagus hecate Panz, Faun. Ins. Amer. Bor., 1794, 5, 
pl. I, fig. 2. 

.£ Broadly oval. Black, opaque; 

sparsely clothed with short, grayish 
hairs. Thorax rather densely granu- 
late. Elytra finely striate, the inter- 
vals with two or three rows of fine 
granules. Males with margin of head 
moderately reflexed, and elevated in 
front in a slender triangular process; 
the carina? of clypeus and vertex feeble 
or absent ; thoracic process variable in 
form and length, often as long as the 
thorax itself, broadly emarginate at tip 
and with two small teeth extending 
downward from the middle of the 
emargination. Female without the slen- 
der process on front of clypeus ; the 
clypeal and vertical carina? strongly de- 
veloped, the thorax slightly protuberant 
at middle or with a feeble depression 
each side of the middle of the front 
margin. Length 6.5-9 mm. (Fig. 364.) 




Fig. 364. X 5. (After Forbes.) 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



Throughout the State; common. April 24-September 28. Oc- 
curs beneath dead birds, snakes and other carrion, and in dung. 

1735 (5459). Onthophagus janus Panz.. loc. cit, 5, PI. I, fig. 3. 
Broadly oval. Color exceedingly variable, bronzed, green or cupreous, 

shining ; sparsely pubescent. Thorax sparsely and coarsely punctured, with 
a tendency to granulation on front half. Elytra finely striate, the intervals 
with two or three rows of punctures. Body beneath green or bronzed, 
sparsely punctured. Length 4-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 13-September 18. Oc- 
curs most commonly in decaying fungi (Boletus). The following 
three well-marked varieties occur in the State. 

1735a (5459a). Onthophagus janus oepheus Panz., loc. cit, 5. 

Metallic green or bright bronze, shining ; elytra sometimes bluish. Male 
with the clypeal margin moderately reflexed, slightly elevated and subtrun- 
cate at middle, the carina nearly obliterated ; vertical carina feeble at mid- 
dle, elevated at each end in an acute tubercle. Thorax with rather long 
process which is broader and deeply emarginate or forked at tip, the sides 
diverging. Female with carinas of head more strongly developed, the pro- 
tuberance of thorax feeble. 

Lake, Putnam and Posey counties ; frequent. April 15-June 
30. In fungi and at carrion. 

1735b (5459b). Onthophagus janus steiatulus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et 
Amer, 1805, 92. 

Brownish or piceous, often bronzed, shining ; elytra sometimes paler 
at base and apex. Male with clypeus as in orpheus. Vertical carina at 
each end elevated into a slender horn nearly as long as the height of the 
thorax ; protuberance of latter very small. Length 5-7 mm. 

Steuben, Marshall, Putnam, Lawrence and Vigo counties; fre- 
quent. June 24-August 11. Occurs mostly in fungi. 

1735c (5459c). Onthophagus janus sub^neus Beauv., loc. cit., 105. 

Thorax and elytra metallic green or bronze, the elytra yellowish at 
base and apex. Male with clypeal margin slightly elevated at middle and 
not truncate. Vertical carina with a short horn at each end. Thoracic 
process short, broadly but not deeply emarginate at middle. 

Vigo, Putnam and Lawrence counties ; scarce. July 1-July 29. 
In fungi. 

1736 (5462). Onthophagus tuberculifeons Harold, Coleop. Hefte., VIII, 

115. 

Broadly oval. Piceous or very dark brown ; base and apex of elytra 
with small, dull brownish-yellow patches; feebly bronzed, very sparsely pu- 
bescent. Clypeus acutely notched at middle in female, less deeply in male ; 



920 



FAMILY L. SCARAB JEID2*3. 



vertical carina divided at middle, thus forming two short tubercles. Tho- 
rax minutely roughened, sparsely granulate-punctate. Elytra finely stri- 
ate; intervals each with two rows of punctures, each puncture bearing a 
short hair. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties; frequent locally. April 29— June 10. 
Occurs beneath bones and skin of carrion and in fungi. 

1737 (5464). Onthophagus cribricollis Horn, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 
VII, 1881, 76. 

Rounded oval. Dark purplish, bronzed, feebly shining; sparsely pubes- 
cent with short erect hairs. Head with two feeble transverse carina?, the 
shorter one on the frontal suture, the other between the eyes. Clypeus 
coarsely punctured, its front broadly and rather deeply emarginate, with a 
triangular tooth each side of notch. Thorax broadest at middle, sides 
oblique on basal half; surface coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra finely striate ; intervals each with two irregular rows of rather 
dense punctures. Front tibiae with four teeth, the second from apex the 
longest. Length 3.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; rare. June 6. Taken from beneath horse 
manure in wagon road, two miles east of Mitchell. Described from 
Douglas County, Kansas and Texas, and not since recorded else- 
where. Resembles a small form of janus, but the clypeus is dis- 
tinctly two-toothed and the thorax is without sign of protuberance. 

173S (5463). Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold, loc. eit. 115. 

Form of tuber culifr ons. Black, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent. Cly- 
peus entire or feebly truncate at middle, rather densely and coarsely punc- 
tured in female. Thorax rather finely, not densely punctate. Elytra finely 
striate, intervals each with two rows of punctures. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. March 6-September 28. Oc- 
curs in carrion, dung and fungi. All the species of this genus bur- 
row under the material in which they feed in the same way as 
Cop r is. 

Tribe II. APHODIINI. 

Small, oblong, subcylindrical beetles, which live chiefly in dung. 
They have the clypeus expanded so as to cover the mouth parts 
(except in JEgialia) ■ middle coxa? oblique and contiguous, so that 
the legs are close together; elytra entire, always striate and cover- 
ing the abdomen ; ventral segments six,' all free ; tarsi with distinct 
claws, with a small process bearing two setai between them. The 
tribe is divided into nine genera, of wmich representatives of five 



THE LAMEIiLICORN BRKTLES. 



921 



have been taken in Indiana, wMle those of two others may occur. 
The following is the principal literature treating of the North Amer- 
ican representatives of the tribe : 

Horn. — "Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes 

of the United States, 1 ' in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, III, 

1870, 110-134. 

Horn. — "Synopsis of Aphodiini of the United States," in Trans. 

Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1871, 281-297. 
Horn. — "A Monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United 

States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIV, 1887, 1-110. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF APHODIINI. 

a. Mandibles visible beyond tbe clypeus. VI. iEGiALiA. 

aa. Mandibles concealed beneatb tbe clypeus. 

t. Hind tarsi witb triangular joints. VII. Psammodius. 

66. Hind tarsi witb elongate, usually cylindrical, joints. 

c. Head roughly granulate ; thorax transversely grooved. 

d. Thorax without a marginal fringe of hairs, the grooves short, 

confined to the sides ; one or more of the ventral segments cari- 
na te. VIII. Pleurophorus, 

dd. Thorax with scale-like marginal hairs, the grooves entire ; ven- 
tral segments not carinate. Rhyssemus. 
cc. Head punctured or slightly rugose; first five striae of elytra not 
reaching apical margin. 

e. Outer apical angle of hind tibise prolonged, spinif orm ; color 

black. IX. ATiENius. 

ee. Outer apical angle of hind tibiae obtuse. 

/. Front tibia? with upper teeth of outer margin obsolete. 

Dialytes. 

//. Front tibice strongly toothed on the outer margin ; elytra sim- 
ply striate; color usually variegated. X. Aphodius. 

VI. Mgiaiaa Lat. 1807. (Gr., "shore.") 

In this genns the mandibles and labrum are visible beyond the 
clypeus when viewed from above ; head more or less granulate or 
roughened with small tubercles ; legs stout and strongly f ossorial ; 
front tibiae broad and with large teeth on outer side. 

1739 (5469). JEgialia confekta Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1871, 
294. 

Oblong, convex, slightly broader behind. Piceous, the elytra sometimes 
reddish-brown ; antenrae paler. * Head with rather coarse, close granules. 
Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower in front, hind angles very obtuse ; 
base curved, its marginal line distinct ; surface coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tured, the sides smoother and with a small rounded pit. Elytra as wide at 



922 



FAMILY L. — SCARAB EIRE. 



base as thorax, the striae rather deep, with moderately fine, not crenate, 
punctures ; intervals flat, smooth. Spurs of hind tibiae short, broadly ex- 
panded, obtuse at tip. their margin translucent. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Lake. Vigo and Posey counties ; frequent along the beach of 
Lake Michigan; scarce in the other counties. April 25-May 24. 
Occurs most frequently in sandy places near water, beneath dung 
or rubbish. 

VII. Psammodius Gyll. 1825. (Gr., "sand + through.") 

In this genus the mandibles are hidden beneath the clypeus and 
semimembranous, the base and tooth horn-like; head granulated, 
deflexed. with the eyes hidden in repose ; thorax transversely 
grooved and coarsely punctate ; legs never very stout; joints of hind 
tarsi flattened, the first elongate triangular, the last very short and 
small. One species was described from Indiana, and another per- 
haps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSAMMODIUS. 

a. Disk of thorax with transverse grooves; elytral intervals with a row 
of faint flattened tubercles ; length 3.5 mm. 1740. interrtjpttts. 
aa. Dish of thorax coarsely, irregularly and sparsely punctate; intervals 
smooth ; length 2-2.5 mm. nanus. 

1740 (5475). Psammodius ixterruptus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 
1S35, 178 ; ibid. II. 651. 

Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Thorax piceous; head and 
elytra brown : under surface and legs reddish-brown. Head rather closely 
granulate ; clypeus broadly triangularly emarginate. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, margin crenulate. hind angles obtuse; disk convex, with four in- 
distinct transverse ridges : the first entire, the others interrupted by a 
rather broad and deep median depression. Elytra as wide as thorax, the 
strige indistinctly punctured ; intervals flat, with inner side feebly crenulate 
and outer side with a row of indistinct, elongate flattened tubercles. Length 
3.5 mm. 

Described from Posey County. Horn says it " occurs in the 
Middle States. Dakota and Texas, but rare." Not represented in 
the collection at hand. 

P. nanus DeGL brownish, head and thorax piceous, legs pale, is 
known from Massachusetts, Michigan and westward. 

VIII. Pleurophorus Muls. 1842. (Gr., "the side + bearing.") 

This genus is not well defined. In the "Classification" when 
but one species was considered it was separated by having the 
"head roughly granulate or verrucose; thorax transversely grooved. 



THIS LAMELLICORIS! BEETLES. 



928 



not fimbriate, grooves short, lateral." Another species has been 
since described by Horn and ascribed to the genus, in which the 
head is finely and sparsely punctate and the thorax not grooved. 
Both species occur in Indiana. 

KEr TO SPECIES OF PLEUEOPHOEUS. 

a. Clypeus granulate ; thorax sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctured ; 

front femur einarginate beneath. 1741. ciESUS. 

aa. Clypeus finely and sparsely punctate; thorax very regularly, not dense- 
ly punctured; front femur entire. 1742. ventealis. 

1741 (5479). Pleueophoeus c^esus Panz., Fauna Germ., 35. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, slender. Piceous black, shining ; legs reddish- 
brown, antennae paler. Clypeus broadly emarginate at middle, sparsely and 
rather coarsely granulate-punctate in front. Thorax one-fourth wider than 
long, slightly broader in front, hind angles distinct but obtuse ; median im- 
pressed line with deep, coarse punctures ; a large rounded pit at middle of 
each side, smooth between the pit and margin. Elytra a little narrower 
than thorax, sides parallel ; striae deep, punctate, the first three only entire 
and reaching apex ; intervals slightly convex, crenate on their inner border. 
Second ventral segment carinate at middle. Length 3 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties, rare; a single specimen from each. 
April 25-July 4. Taken from a pathway along the border of woods. 
Occurs abundantly in Europe and probably introduced. 

1742 (10,181). Pleueophoeus ventealis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

XIV, 1887, 92. 

Elongate, parallel, semicylindrical. Piceous, shining ; legs reddish-brown, 
antennae pale. Clypeus broadly truncate. Thorax one-fourth wider than 
long, margin narrowly flattened, hind angles obtuse, surface sparsely and 
regularly punctured, the punctures gradually finer towards sides and apex. 
Elytra a little narrower at base than thorax; striae broad and deep, with 
large shallow punctures; intervals strongly convex, smooth. First three 
ventral segments plainly carinate at middle ; fourth and fifth emarginate 
at middle of front margin. Length 4 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties; scarce. April 22-November 17. 
Probably hibernates beneath partly buried logs in low 7 open woods, 
as specimens were taken on the later date in such situations. Read- 
ily known from all others of the tribe by having the first five stria? 
of the elytra reaching the apical margin and by the carinate and 
emarginate ventral segments. 

Rliijtscmus scaber Hald., oblong, piceous, legs brownish, anten- 
na? pale, intervals of elytra with a row of small tubercles on the 
inner side, length 3.5-4 mm., "'occurs at the margin of streams from 
the Middle States to Texas." 



".124 



FAMILY J j. — SCARABJEIDiE. 



IX. Atjenius Harold. 1867. (Gr., "without a fetter.") 

Small, slender, blackish insects resembling Aphodius. but usu- 
ally smaller and more elongate. The head is convex, not tubercu- 
late; eyes usually concealed; hind tibia? simple, straight, the outer 
apical angle more prolonged than in Aphodius and often ending in 
a spine. The striae of elytra often appear more coarsely punctured 
than they really are, due to the sides of the intervals being crenate, 
this crenation being entirely independent of the punctures of the 
stria?, which are fine and distant. The "accessory spinule of the 
hind tibia? mentioned in the key below is a prolongation of the 
apical margin on the under side near the spurs. Seven species have 
been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATJEXIUS. 

a. Clypeus feebly ernarginate at middle, broadly rounded on each side, 
never dentate nor subangulate. 
It. Opaque species ; thorax without basal marginal line ; head densely 
and finely punctured, not wrinkled; hind tibia? without accessory 
spinule. 

c. Elytral intervals flat. 1743. imbeicatus. 
cc. Elytral intervals alternately more elevated. 1744. aetebnatus. 

bti. Shining species ; thorax with basal marginal line. 

d. Hind tibia? without accessory spinule. 

e. Elytra oblong-oval., base slightly ernarginate; form rather ro- 
bust ; thorax unequally and irregularly punctured. ovattjeus. 
ee. Elytra elongate, parallel, base truncate ; form slender, elongate ; 
thorax evenly and densely punctured. 1745. gbacilts. 

dd. Hind tibia? with accessory spinule. 

/ . Clypeus finely punctured without traces of wrinkles ; occiput 
with coarse punctures. stbigattjs. 
//• Clypeus more or less wrinkled and coarsely punctured ; thorax 
with coarse and fine punctures intermingled. 1746. cognates. 
a a. Clypeus subangulate, or sometimes denticulate each side of the median 
emargination. 

g. Thorax nearly smooth in front, coarsely and rather sparsely punc- 
tured behind the middle, more densely at sides; intervals of elytra 
convex ; marginal line of hind femur deep and entire. 

1747. lecoxtei. 

gg. Thorax nearly evenly punctured from base to apex ; marginal line of 
hind femur very short or absent. 
h. Piceous species ; first joint of hind tarsus as long as the long spur ; 
thorax densely punctured. 1748. abdites. 

hh. Reddish-brown; first joint of hind tarsus shorter than the long 
spur ; thorax regularly not densely punctured, the punctures a 
little finer in front. 1749. inops. 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



925 



1743 (5486). At^enius imbricatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., II, 

1844, 136. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Piceous, opaque, the surface usually 
covered with a brownish-gray coating; legs brownish, antenna? and palpi 
paler. Clypeus broadly but feebly emarginate, its sides broadly curved, 
nearly smooth at middle; vertex densely punctate. Thorax nearly twice 
as wide as long, slightly narrower behind ; sides in front curved, hind angles 
very obtuse, base broadly curved; surface with rather coarse and closely 
placed punctures, which are but faintly visible on account of coating. Ely- 
tra as wide at base as thorax, humeri acutely dentate; striae rather deep, 
with coarse, not closely placed indistinct punctures; intervals flat, each 
with a single row of fine punctures bearing a small, scale-like yellowish 
hair. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 25-July 12. Two specimens only 
from beneath rubbish; one from the lake beach near Pine; the other 
from Hessville by Wolcott. Occurs from Massachusetts to Texas. 

1744 (5487). AT^xirs alternatus Melsh.. loc. cit.. p. 137. 

Resembles imbricatus in form and color. Head densely punctured, the 
punctures equal, at sides more rugose. . Thorax similar to that of imbri- 
catus. the base undulate, not regularly curved. Elytra! striae fine, with 
rather distant inconspicuous punctures, often hidden by the surface coat- 
ing; intervals slightly convex, the alternate ones, 1-3-5-7. more acutely 
elevated along the middle. Length 3.5-4.5 nun. 

Posey County; rare. June 5. Occurs from Pennsylvania to 

Texas. 

A. ouatulus Horn, piceous-black, legs and antenna? paler, length 
3.5 mm., is known from Pennsylvania to Louisiana. 

1745 (5491). ATiENius gracilis Melsh., loc. cit., p. 137. 

Elongate, slender, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous black, moderately 
shining ; legs brownish ; tarsi, palpi, antenna? and very narrow front mar- 
gin of thorax, paler. Clypeus rather smooth in front; vertex rather closely 
and coarsely punctate. Thorax one and a half times wider than long, hind 
angles broadly rounded, base curved, its marginal line very distinct; disk 
with a distinct impression near front angles and a feebler one at middle 
of sides, surface rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra as wide as 
thorax, stria? deep and broad, not distinctly punctured; intervals strongly 
convex, almost like carina?, each with a row of slight elongate elevations 
on the sides below the summit. Mesosternum opaque, coarsely punctured, 
strongly carinate between the coxa?. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-Oetober 10. A pret- 
tily marked and very distinct little species, widely distributed over 
the United States. 

A. strigatus Say, piceous-black, legs and antenna? paler, length 
4.5-5 mm., is said to occur from the Middle States westward and 
southward. 



926 



FAMILY L. — SCARAB.FIDJE. 



1746 (10,190). At^nius cognatus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, 
p. 65. 



crenate on the inner side. Length 4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 365.) 

Throughout the State; common. February 8-November 20. 
Our most robust species of Atwnius resembling Aphodius in general 
appearance; readily known by the finely wrinkled clypeus and 
coarse and fine punctures of thorax. They hibernate in large num- 
bers in dry cow dung and beneath it, and on warm sunny days in 
winter are on the wing. In early spring they and some species of 
Aphodius fly by thousands and are attracted by electric lights in 
great numbers. Also frequents fungi. 

1747 (10,183). ATiENius lecontei Harold, Col. Hefte, XII, 1874, 19. 
Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous or black, shining; legs red- 
dish-brown, antenna? paler. Clypeus impressed in front, broadly but feebly 
emarginate, slightly angulate each side, finely and obsoletely punctured; 
vertex coarsely punctate. Thorax about one and a half times as wide as 
long, sides feebly curved; apex and base equal, base curved at middle, 
oblique each side near the hind angles, which are obtuse. Elytra oblong- 
oval, striae deep and rather broad, with coarse, not serrate punctures ; in- 
tervals convex, subcarinate at apex, each with a row of indistinct punc- 
tures on the inner side. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. June 18. A southern form, whose 
range was given by Horn as "District of Columbia to Louisiana." 
Taken by Dury near Cincinnati. 

1748 (5499),. ATiENius abditus Hald.. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1848. 

106. 

Elongate, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous, moderately shining ; legs 
pale reddish-brown ; antennas and palpi paler. Clypeus broadly but feebly 



4 




Fig. 365. X 11. (After Forbes.) 



Oblong, parallel, convex. Pic- 
eous-black, shining ; legs, sides of 
clypeus and very narrow front mar- 
gin of thorax reddish-brown. Cly- 
peus moderately impressed in front 
sides broadly rounded, their surface 
with numerous fine wrinkles ; vertex 
coarsely and sparsely punctured at 
base, more finely in front. Thorax 
one and a half times as wide as long, 
sides feebly curved, hind angles 
rounded, base curved with deep mar- 
ginal line ; disk with sparse, coarse 
punctures, with finer ones every- 
where intermingled. Elytra as wide 
at base as thorax, humeri dentate, 
sides nearly parallel, stria? punc- 
tured ; intervals very finely punctate. 



THE LAMELLlCORN BEETLES. 



927 



emarginate. a distinct angulation or small denticle each side, its surface 
roughly punctured or subgranulate ; vertex densely punctured. Thorax not 
quite twice as wide as long, slightly narrower behind, hind angles broadly 
rounded, surface densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as wide 
as thorax, the striae rather deep and coarsely crenate-punctate ; intervals 
nearly flat, each with one or two rows of fine but distinct punctures. Length 
3.5-4 mm. 

Northern Half of State, frequent: not taken south of Marion 
County. .May 5— November 28. 

1740 (10,185). Atjenitts inops Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XIV, 1S87, 73. 

Rather elongate, parallel, feebly convex. Reddish-brown, shining ; head 
and thorax a little darker than elytra. Clypeus broadly and feebly emargi- 
nate. with a small acute tooth each side of the notch ; the entire front 
granulate. Thorax one and a half times as wide as long, sides regularly 
curved, hind angles broadly rounded, punctuation as given in key. Elytra 
as wide as thorax, striae indistinctly punctured ; intervals convex, crenate 
on their inner edge and each with a row of minute punctures on the outer 
side. Mesosternum opaque, finely strigose-punctate, carinate between the 
coxae. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. November 28. Described from Arizona 
and Texas. 

Dialytes st ria talus Say, elytral intervals strongly elevated, 
color piceoiis-brown. antenna 3 paler, length 4.5 mm., ranges from 
New England to Illinois and lias been taken near Cincinnati. 

X. Aphodius Iliiger. 1798. ("Or., " excrement + way.") 

The species of this genus bear a close resemblance to those of 
Atcenius, but are usually broader, stouter and variegated with black 
and dull red or yellow. They are separated from Atcenius by hav- 
ing the outer apical angle of the hind tibiae obtuse. In mounting 
specimens .of the entire tribe of Aphodiini care should be taken to 
stretch out the hind legs so that they may be easily examined. The 
known species of North American Aphodius number more than 80, 
and are among our most numerous scavengers. They occur in great 
abundance in the dung of horses and cows, into which they burrow 
almost as soon as dropped from the animals. None of them con- 
struct balls for transportation, and the larvae go through their 
changes on the spot. On the first warm days of early spring they 
are on the wing by myriads along every roadside and in and about 
barnyards, and thousands meet their death about the electric lights 
of cities. Seventeen species have been taken in the State and three 
others perhaps occur. 

[59—23402] 



928 



FAMILY L. SCARAB 'FJDJE. 



In using the following table the student must, at all times, be 
careful that the specimens are perfect; that is, that the spinules at 
the tips of the tibia? are not Avorn or accidentally reduced to an equal 
size, or that the long hairs fringing the sides of the tibia? do not, by 
crossing the field of vision, deceive into the belief that the spinules 
are unequal. In those that are pubescent, various accidental causes 
may have removed the hairs. In old specimens of those species in 
which the clypeus is denticulate, the teeth are apt to be worn down, 
as also the spurs of the tibia? and the large teeth of the front tibia?. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF APHODIUS. 

a. Scutellum long, one-fourth or one-fifth the length of the elytral suture; 
front tibia? not serrate above the upper tooth. 1750. hamatus. 

aa. Scutellum short, not more than one-eighth to one-tenth the length of 
suture. 

h. Apex of hind tibia? fringed with short, equal spinules ; head with 
three small tubercles on the vertex. 
c. Thorax with distinct basal marginal line. 
d. Mesosternum not carinate between the coxa?. 

c. Elytra clear red; thorax dissimilar in the sexes, impressed in 
front in the male. 1751. fimetarius. 

ee. Elytra piceous or dull red ; thorax similar in the sexes. 

/. Color wholly piceous black, front angles of thorax never 
paler ; first joint of hind tarsus very little longer than the 
next two ; form small, robust. 1752. ruricoia. 

ff. Front angles of thorax paler ; first joint of hind tarsus as 
long as the next three ; elytra uniform reddish-brown, the 
first interval narrower than second. fcettdfs. 
(Id. Mesosternum distinctly carinate. 

g. Color entirely black or piceous; first joint of hind tarsus not 
longer than the next two; first or sutural interval of elytra 
as wide or wider than second. 1753. granarius. 

gg. Elytra reddish-brown, the suture and side margins piceous; 
first joint of hind tarsus equal to next three. 

1754. VITTATUS. 

cc. Thorax without trace of basal marginal line; color dull brownish- 
yellow, with hind portion of head, Targe spot on thorax and su- 
tural line of elytra dark brown or piceous. 1755. lividtjs. 
hi). Apex of hind tibia? fringed with unequal spinules ; head rarely with 
tubercles. 

h. Elytra opaque; color reddish-brown, head and thorax slightly 
darker ; size small. 3.5-4 mm. 1750. lentus. 

Jill. Elytra more or less shining. 

i. Thorax not narrower at base than apex, not sinuate at sides 
near hind angles. 



THE LAME LElCORN BEETLES. 



929 



/. Elytra not pubescent ; clypeus without a transverse ridge. 
k. Mesosternum distinctly carinate between the coxa.'; front 
tibiae punctate on front face; first tarsal joint longer than 
second. 

I. Uniform reddish- or pale chestnut-brown ; first joint of 

hind tarsus not as long as the next three. 

1757. RUBEOIiUS. 

II. Dull brownish-yellow, head and thorax darker, elytra 

often clouded ; first joint of hind tarsus longer than the 
next three. 1758. stekcorosus. 

kk. Mesosternum not carinate ; basal marginal line rarely ab- 
sent ; front tibiae smooth in front, 
m. Color reddish-brown or dull brownish-yellow, never in any 
part black. 

n. Thorax not fringed with long hairs; color dull yellow, 
thorax and suture darker ; larger, 4.5-5 mm. 

CONSENTANEUS. 

nn. Thorax fringed with conspicuous hairs ; color pale, dull 
yellow, elytra with an oblique fuscous bar on basal 
half ; smaller, not over 3.5 mm. 1759. wolcotti. 

mm. Color in great part piceous ; head and thorax always black 
or piceous. 

o. Clypeus angulate each side of middle notch. 
p. Elytra entirely piceous or often with the alternate in- 
tervals marked with small reddish spots ; body be- 
neath and legs pale yellow. 1760. bicolor. 
pp. Elytra dull yellow, with black spots; sides of thorax 
paler. 1761. serval. 
oo. Clypeus very obtusely rounded each side of middle 
notch. 

q. Elytra dull yellow, with black spots; thorax with 
front angles paler. 1762. inquinatus. 

qq. Elytra black, apex dull red ; thorax entirely black ; 
elytral intervals very flat. 1763. terminalis. 

/. Elytra more or less pubescent, fuscous, the sides paler. 
>\ Sides of thorax not fringed; teeth of front tibiae normal; 
punctures of elytral striae very distinct. 

1764. FEM ORALIS. 

rr. Sides of thorax with a fringe of rather long hairs ; front 
tibke with upper tooth small or wanting; punctures of 
elytral striae indistinct. 1765. walshii. 

Thorax narrower at base than apex, distinctly sinuate at sides 
near hind angles ; color black or piceous. 

Elytra oblong with a small tooth on each humerus ; length 7- 
9 mm. 1766. oblongus. 

?. Elytra oval without a tooth on humerus; length 3.5 mm. 

HUMERALIS. 



930 



FA MIL Y L. SCARABzEIDzE. 



1750 (5510). Aphodius hamatus Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 277; ibid. 
I, 183. 

Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Piceous or black ; elytra varying to 
brown, and often with a paler suture and margin. Head smooth ; clypeus 
truncate or very feebly emarginate. Thorax large, not wider than elytra ; 
surface with a few coarse punctures on the sides, disk almost smooth. Ely- 
tral striae sparsely punctured ; intervals nearly fiat, with a few fine punc- 
tures. Length 6-9 mm. 

One specimen in Stein collection marked ''Ind. " without date. 
Probably from near Michigan City. Its range is given "from 
Maine to Oregon in the region north and a little south of the great 
lakes. " Readily known by its large size and long scutellum. 

*1751 (5517). Aphodius fimetaeius Linn., Syst. Nat, 1766, 348. 

Oblong-oval, very convex. Black, shining ; elytra brick-red, rarely clouded 
with piceous ; thorax reddish-yellow near front angles. Head sparsely, 
rather finely punctulate, with three distinct tubercles in male. Clypeus 
broadly but very feebly emarginate with a slightly elevated transverse 
carina. Thorax with coarse, very irregularly placed punctures, intermin- 
gled with finer ones. Elytra as wide as thorax, the striae with crenate 
punctures ; intervals slightly convex, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 
6.5-8.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. February 11-October 12. Hi- 
bernates 1 in large numbers in or beneath half dry cow dung; also 
beneath logs on sandy banks. In three specimens at hand the disk 
of elytra is in large part piceous. The tubercles on head are much 
more distinct in the males. Introduced from Europe and widely 
distributed. 

1752 ( 5523). Aphodius eukicola Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 
1844, 136 

Oblong-oval, often slightly wider behind. Piceous-black, shining, usual- 
ly with sides and tips of elytra paler than disk. Head with three small 
but distinct tubercles, sparsely punctate. Clypeus broadly emarginate at 
middle, the angles on each side obtuse. Thorax narrower in front, hind 
angles distinct, rather obtuse; disk finely and rather sparsely, sides more 
coarsely, punctured. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, the striae deep 
with rather coarse crenate punctures; intervals convex, very finely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. April 28-May 30. 
A. fcetidus Fab., head and thorax black, length 4-5 mm., is a 
European species said to be (i widely distributed in our country." 



THE I jAMELI jIT'ORN RUETI /KS. 



1753 (5528). Aphodius gbanarius Linn.. Syst. Nat., II, 1766. 547, 

Oblong, subeylindrical. Piceous, shining ; 
legs reddish-brown, antennae paler. Head with 
three distinct tubercles ; sparsely punctured 
at middle, more densely and rugosely at 
sides ; clypens rather feebly emarginate. the 
sides broadly rounded. Thorax with coarse 
and fine punctures intermingled in female, al- 
most smooth in male. Elytra parallel, the 
striae finely and serrately punctured; inter- 
vals feebly convex and with few very minute 
punctures; the first as wide, or even wider 
than second. Length 4-6 mm. (Fig. 366.) 

Throughout the State; common. 




Fig. 366. X 7. (After Forbes.) 



April 8- June 3. 
1754 (5529) 



Occurs in dung and on fungi, 



Aphodius vittatus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 1S25. 
191 ; ibid. II. 295. 

Oblong, subcylindrical. Piceous or black ; elytra each with a basal and 
apical reddish-brown spot more or less united ; rarely with the elytra, except 
margin and suture, entirely reddish-brown, or entirely black ; legs reddish- 
brown, tarsi paler. Head with three tubercles ; surface sparsely punctate ; 
clypeus feebly truncate or broadly rounded. Thorax slightly narrower in 
front, hind angles obtuse ; surface finely, regularly and rather densely punc- 
tate. Elytral striae fine, crenately punctate ; intervals flat with numerous 
fine punctures. Length 4-5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 12. Probably occurs throughout the 

State. 

1755 (5533). Aphodius lividus Oliv.. Ent, III. 1798, 86. 
Oblong-convex. Color given in key. Head sparsely punctate, tubercu- 

late. Clypeus always paler than vertex, feebly emarginate. sides rounded. 
Thorax with rather coarse, sparse punctures, intermingled with finer ones. 
Elytra parallel, the stria? finely and crenately punctured; intervals nearly 
flat with a few very minute punctures. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Putnam and Posey counties ; scarce. February 8-May 30. In- 
troduced from Europe. Probably throughout the southern half of 
the State. 

1756 (5544). Aphodius lentus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870, 

125. 

Elongate-oblong, convex. Color given in key. Head finely and rather 
closely punctate. Clypeus hemihexagonal, feebly emarginate in front, sides 
oblique, angles rounded. Thorax with sides feebly curved, hind angles ob- 
tuse, disk finely and rather densely punctate, smoother at middle. Elytra 
not wider than thorax ; stria? rather coarsely punctate ; intervals convex, 
each with two rows of punctures, nearly as coarse as those of stride, each 
puncture bearing a very short suberect yellowish hair. Mesosternum finely 
carinate between the coxie. Length 3.5^t mm. 



032 



P AMI L Y L. SC ARABJEID M . 



Hessville, Lake County; rare. May 30. Ranges from Massa- 
chusetts to Illinois and Georgia. 

1757 (5545). Aphodius rubeolus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Ainer., 1S05, 90. 
Moderately elongate, convex. Reddish or pale chestnut brown, shining. 

Head sparsely and finely punctate ; vertex not tuberculate ; clypeus feebly 
emarginate, angles each side obtuse. Thorax very sparsely and finely punc- 
tate at middle, more coarsely and densely on sides ; basal marginal line fine 
but distinct. Elytral stria? fine and very feebly punctured; intervals flat, 
smooth. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, scarce ; Lake County only in the north. 
April 7— October 9. Taken at dung, beneath leaves and at electric 
light. Horn states that the thorax is without basal marginal line, 
but all Indiana specimens examined have that line fine but distinct. 

1758 (5546). Aphoditts stercorosus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1844, 136. 

Oblong, parallel, convex. Color given in key ; surface smooth, shining. 
Head sparsely punctate, female, nearly smooth, male; clypeus truncate, the 
sides curved. Thorax with hind angles distinct, obtuse ; basal marginal line 
wholly absent; surface punctate as in rubeolus. Elytra finely striate, the 
striae very finely punctate, male, more coarsely so, female; intervals flat, 
smooth. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent; Lake County, scarce. Feb- 
ruary 8-September 8. Occurs everywhere east of the Mississippi. 

A. consent armus Lee, occurs "from Canada to Missouri, 
Kansas and New Mexico. 

1759 ( ). Aphodius wolcotti sp. now 

Elongate, feebly convex. Pale yellowish, shining ; head and thorax 
faintly clouded with fuscous ; elytra, in one of the two specimens at hand, 
each with an indistinct fuscous bar extending obliquely from humerus to 
suture in front of middle. Head without trace of tubercles, very sparsely 
and finely punctate; clypeus broadly and feebly emarginate at middle, an- 
gles rounded, sides oblique, divergent. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
sides broadly curved into the base ; marginal line of base fine but distinct, 
slightly sinuate; surface nearly smooth at middle, coarsely and sparsely 
punctate on sides. Elytral striae deep, not punctured ; intervals convex, 
very finely wrinkled, each with a few fine, shallow punctures. Front tibia? 
with three teeth on outer side, the middle and apical ones equal, the upper 
one much smaller. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three. 
Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Pine, Lake County; scarce. July 23. Two specimens taken 
by A. B. Wolcott from beneath rubbish on white sand of Lake 
Michigan beach. Named in honor of the collector, who has shown 
me many favors during" the preparation of the present paper. 



THE LA MELT .ICORN BEETLES. 



933 



.1760 (5565). Aphodius bicolor Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 1823, 
212 ; ibid. II, 136. 

Oblong, slightly wider behind, subdepressed. Color given in key. Head 
without tubercles, rather densely and coarsely punctured; clypeus broadly 
emarginate, the angles each side of notch well marked. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, hind angles broadly rounded; basal marginal line 
distinct; surface rather closely punctate with coarser and finer punctures 
intermingled. Elytra as wide at base as thorax; the stria? rather deep, 
finely and crenately punctured ; intervals convex, sparsely and irregularly 
punctate. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Vigo, Orange, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. May 
1-October 3. Probably throughout the State. A rather large, 
bulky species, readily known by the pale under surface and legs. 

1761 (5535). Aphodius seeval Say. Post. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 177; 
ibid. II, 651. 

Moderately elongate, parallel. Head and thorax piceous. their margins 
paler; elytra dull yellow, with quadrate black spots arranged in an oblique 
row extending from base of fifth interval to near the suture and in a 
sinuous band one-fourth from apex; sides also with a rather broad black 
stripe on the seventh, eighth and ninth intervals. Head coarsely and roughly 
punctured; clypeus rather deeply emarginate, the angles each side of notch 
distinct. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides nearly parallel; sur- 
face with coarse and fine punctures intermingled. Elytra finely striate, the 
stride fine, not punctured; intervals flat, sparsely and indistinctly punctu- 
late. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 11-November 23. 
Probably hibernates beneath leaves and rubbish. The black spots 
of elytra are sometimes so enlarged as to cover the greater part of 
the surface. 

-1762 (5536). APHODirs iNQrixATrs Herbst, Fiissl. Arch., 1784. II. 6. 

Oblong, convex. Color as in serial except that the black spots of ely- 
tra are often united and more elongate, the middle one of basal half occu- 
pying parts of the second, third and fourth intervals. Head sparsely punc- 
tate, more roughly on sides; vertex with three blunt tubercles; clypeus very 
feebly emarginate, obtusely rounded each side of notch. Thorax very 
sparsely punctate in male, more densely in female. Elytra parallel, striate, 
the stride finely and crenately punctured; intervals feebly convex in male, 
more strongly in female, very finely punctate near the strife. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 12-November 8. 
Hibernates with and in same places as A. fimetarius and Atcenius 
cognatus. On the wing by thousands in late autumn and early 
spring. Introduced from Europe and widely distributed. 

*1763 (5563). Aphodius termtnatjs Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1823, 213; ibid. II, ,137. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining; apex of elytra red- 
dish-brown. Head often with three small tubercles, coarsely punctate. 



934 FAMILY L. — SCAKAMIDiE. 

slightly rugose at sides and in front; clypeus feebly einarginate in front, 
the angles each side of notch obtuse. Thorax with distinct basal marginal 
line, hind angles nearly rectangular ; disk finely and sparsely punctured at 
middle, more coarsely and densely on sides. Elytra as wide at base as tho- 
rax, a little broader behind the middle ; striae fine, deep, closely but not 
coarsely punctured: intervals very flat, each with two indistinct rows of 
fine punctures. Length 4-5 mm. 

Henry and Vigo counties , scarce. January 13-March 10. Hi- 
bernates beneath cow dung and partly buried logs. Horn says 
the clypeus is without tubercles. Say, in his original description, 
makes the ''trituberculate clypeus" one of the principal distin- 
guishing characters. Traces of the tubercles are present in all 
specimens at hand and in some of them they are quite distinct. 

1764 (5569). Aphodius femokalis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1S23, 215 ; ibid. II, 139. 
Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Head and thorax piceous 
black, shining, sides of latter dull yellow ; elytra smiky brown, opaque, 
pubescent, the base and often entire margin paler ; antennas and legs red- 
dish-brown. Head with three feeble tubercles, surface finely and sparsely 
punctate, male, more coarsely, and densely, female; clypeus truncate or 
faintly and broadly emarginate. the angles each side broadly rounded. Tho- 
rax nearly twice as wide as long, basal marginal line distinct; surface 
sparsely and finely punctate, male, more coarsely and closely, female. Ely- 
tral stria? rather deep, finely punctured ; intervals convex, with a row of 
distinct punctures each side. Length 4.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 13-October 11. Eeadily 
known by the pubescence and dull sooty-yellow hue of elytra, 

1765 (5570). Aphodius walshii Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. III. 1870. 

132. 

Resembles femoralis in form and color. Sides of thorax more widely 
and distinctly yellow. Head sparsely and finely punctate in b^th sexes. 
Thorax with a marginal row of bristly yellow hairs, hind angles rounded. 
Elytral striae very finely punctured; intervals convex, alutaceous. with a 
few very fine punctures, the three outer ones more distinctly punctate. 
Length 5-6 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 27. Taken from the carcass of a hen. 
Known heretofore from Illinois and Kansas. 

1766 (5572). Aphodius oblongus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 

1S23, 215 ; ibid. II, 138. 
Oblong, moderately elongate, slightly broader behind. Piceous black, 
shining; antennae and legs brownish. Head without tubercles, sparsely and 
rather finely punctate at middle, more coarsely at sides ; clypeus broadly 
and rather feebly emarginate, a small reflexed tooth each side of notch. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, distinctly narrower behind middle, 
base curved at middle, oblique near hind angles ; surface coarsely and 



THE LAMETjT jcorn beetles. 



935 



sparsely punctate with finer punctures intermingled. Elytra as wide at 
base as thorax, with a distinct tooth on each humerus; strife deep and sub- 
crenately punctate ; intervals nearly fiat, sparsely and finely punctate. Length 
7-9 mm. 

Orange County ; scarce. September 9. 

A. humeralis Lee, black, shining-, elytra! stria^ .fine with large 
round distant punctures, is known from Detroit, Michigan, and 
Maryland. 

Tribe TIL ORPHNINL 

This tribe is represented in the United States by a single genus 
comprising oval, convex species, covered above with short, erect 
hairs. They have the mandibles and labrum of horn-like texture, 
not covered by the ciypeus, which is not expanded as in the two 
preceding tribes; antenna 10-jomted, club three-jointed; eyes not 
emarginate; front coxae prominent; middle coxae oblique, contigu- 
ous; elytra striate, covering the abdomen; ventral segments six, 
not firmly united; tarsi with a small seta?-bearing process between 
the claws. The principal papers treating of the North American 
species are as follows : 

Horn.— 'Oehod&ns— Synoptical Table of," in Trans. Amer. 

Ent. Soc, II, 186.8, 50-52. 
Horn. — "Revision of the U. S. Species of Ochodams and other 

Genera of Scarabaddse, " in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1876, 

177-197. 

XI. OciiODiEUS Serv. 1827. (Gr., "to carry + tooth. ") 

To this genus, as characterized above, belong eight species, only 
one of which occurs east of the Mississippi. 

1767 (5578). Ochod^eus musculus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, 1835, 
178 ; ibid. II, 652. 

Oval, convex. Uniform reddish- or chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed 
• with short erect hairs. Head coarsely punctured ; ciypeus with a double 
margin, the upper one forming a curved carina; vertex with a feeble trans- 
verse carina. Thorax three times as wide as long, sparsely punctured in 
male, more densely in female ; a rounded impression on the middle of each 
side. Elytral striae rather closely punctured; intervals subconvex, each 
with two or three irregular rows of small punctures. Length 5-6 mm. 

Two specimens from near Hessville, Lake County. June 13- 
June 17. Say described the species from a single female taken near 
New Harmony, Posey County. Horn records it from Michigan, 
Dakota and Nebraska. 



936 



FAMILY L. — SCARAB^IDJE. 



Tribe IV. GEOTRUPINI. 

Rounded, convex beetles having the mandibles and labrum 
prominent, of horn-like texture ; antennas 11-jointed, club 3-jointed, 
variable in form ; elytra usually strongly striate, covering the abdo- 
men ; the middle coxa?, ventral segments and tarsal claws as in Tribe 
III. The thorax of some males, and more rarely the head, is armed 
with horns or tubercles. Most of the species live in excrement; 
others, according to Horn, are veritable hoboes, "wandering about 
without visible means of support," The principal literature treat- 
ing of the North American members of the tribe is as follows : 

Horn. — "Notes on Genera of Coprophagus Scarabasidas of the 
U. S.," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1870. The genera 
Bradycinetus, Bolboceras and Odontceus are treated on pp. 
48-50. 

Horn. — "Geotrupes of Boreal America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc, I, 1868, 313-322. 
Horn. — "Synopsis of the G-eotrupes of the U. S.," in Trans. 

Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 145. 
Blanchard, Frederic 1 ,:. — "Some account of our Species of Geo- 

trupes," in Psyche, V, 1888, 103-110. 
Sehceffer, Chas'.— "On Bradycinetus and Bolboceras of North 

America, with Notes on other Genera," in Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc, XXXII, 1906, 249-278. 
Of the five genera of Geotrupini recognized from the United 
States, representatives of four have been taken in Indiana: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GEOTRUPINI. 

a. Club of antennae large, round, convex on both sides. (Fig. 4, No. 14.) 
&. Eyes only partially divided by a process from the side of bead. 

XII. Bolboceras. 

1)1). Eyes entirely divided. 

c. Color above black and reddish-brown ; process between the middle 
coxae with an erect tooth-like elevation. 

XIII. BOLBOCEROSOMA. 

cc. Color above uniform chestnut brown ; process between the middle 
coxae without a tooth-like elevation. XIV. Odont.eus. 

aa. Club of antennae smaller, composed of leaf-like plates. XV. Geotrupes. 

XII. Bolboceras Kirby. 1818. (Gr., "bull + horn. ") 

This genus is principally distinguished by having the eyes only 
partly divided and by the middle coxa? being continguous or very 
close together. 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



( J37 



176S (5591). Bolboceras iazarus Oliv.. Ent. Hist. Nat. ties Ins., 1, 17S9, 63. 

Broadly oval, robust, convex. Uniform chestnut-brown, shining; mar- 
gins of head, thorax and legs fringed with long brownish-yellow hairs. 
Males with a flattened, slightly recurved, truncate or emarginate horn on 
clypeus and a transverse ridge on vertex; females with clypeal horn re- 
duced to a ridge and vertical ridge higher than in male. Thorax of male 
with a transverse ridge and a prominent tubercle each side on apical half: 
these reduced in female to a blunt crest; median lengthwise groove wide 
and deep behind the crest, with one or two coarsely punctured, obliquely 
transverse grooves each side. Elytra with five coarsely punctured striae be- 
tween the suture and humeral ridge and four or five additional ones on the 
side. Length 6-12 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 19-July 1. Two of the five 
specimens in the collection were taken at electric light; the others 
beneath rubbish 

XIII. Bolbocerosoma Scliseflcer. 1906. (Gr., "bull + horn + 

body.") 

In this genus the eyes are completely divided and the middle 
coxae are very narrowly separated, with a tooth-like elevation aris- 
ing from a process between them. One species is known from the 
United States. 

1769 (5590). Bolbocerosoma farctum Fab., Spec. Insect.. I. 1781, 14. 

Broadly oval, very robust, strongly convex. Reddish-yellow : head, nar- 
row basal line (and sometimes a discal spot) on thorax, sutural and mar- 
ginal lines and apical third of elytra, black. Males with front edge of cly- 
peus and angles in front of eyes, acute, elevated and slightly reflexed ; also 
with a short, acute horn arising from the middle of the clypeus; females 
with the horn reduced to a transverse ridge. Thorax of male with a deep 
pit each side of apical half; between these a ridge with an acute tooth at 
each end and a similar tooth outside each pit : in female the pits are absent, 
the front half bearing only an elevated ridge. Elytra with five or seven 
coarsely punctured stria? between the suture and numerals. Length 8- 
12 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. June 6-June 15. Occurs be- 
neath logs, most frequently in sandy localities-, also along path- 
ways in woods. The black area of the upper surface varies greatly 
in size. A female from Lawrence County has three black spots on 
apical half of thorax, one median and a smaller one each side, and 
the pale portion of elytra limited to a small rounded spot on basal 
third. The specimens with seven stria? between the suture and 
humeral prominence are usually listed as var. tumef actus Beanv. 
All but one of the Indiana specimens are of this form. 



938 



FAMILY L. $GAliABMlT)m. 



XIV. Odontjeus Meg. 1821. (Gr., "a tooth.") 

Eyes, completely divided; middle coxa 1 contiguous without a 
tooth-like elevation on the process between them. The males have a 
long, slender, curved horn arising from the clypeus. Two of the 
three known North American species have been taken in the State. 

1770 (5592). Odoni^eus fiijcornis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., III. 

1823, 211 ; ibid. II. 13(3. 
Broadly oval, convex. Uniform pale chestnut-brown, male; brownish- 
yellow, female. Clypeus with a slender, curved, movable horn, longer 
than the greatest width of head. Thorax of male with a deep median 
groove on basal two-thirds, a broad pit each side, bordered externally by a 
sharp longitudinal ridge, the groove and pits sparsely and coarsely punc- 
tured: female with median groove less wide and deep, the pits obsolete: 
the sides more densely and coarsely punctured than in male. Elytra each 
with 11 or 12 shallowly impressed, coarsely punctured striae. Length 6- 
8.5 mm. 

Frequent about Hessville. Lake County: one specimen from 
Vigo County. May 9-July 16. Occurs beneath logs and other 
cover in sandy localities. 

1771 (5593). Odoxt.ees corxigekus ATelsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 

1844. 138. 

Resembles filicorriis but larger and more robust. Horn of clypeus of 
male stouter and not movable. Thorax of male with median groove shorter 
and wider, the pits on each side very large, reaching nearly to base, their 
outer margin not limited by a sharp ridge ; a stout reflexed horn in front 
of each pit. Elytra as in filicornis. Length 10 mm. 

One male from Yigo County. September 28. Taken from be- 
neath a partly buried log in upland, sandy woods. Female not 
seen and, as far as I can ascertain, not described. 

XY. Gegtrupes Fab. 1798. (Gr.. "the earth + bore. ") 

Medium-sized, broadly oval species, varying in color from black 
to dark metallic green or purple. They have the antennal club 
small, with the plates of equal thickness. Some of them are very 
common species, occurring under cow dung, in pastures, often bur- 
rowing into the ground beneath. Of the 11 species known from 
North America, three have been taken in the State, while another 
doubtless occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEOTKUPES. 

a. Body above shining, more or less metallic : elytra distinctly striate. 
I). Strise of elytra without punctures; head without tubercles; basal 
marginal line of thorax absent. semiopacus. 



THE L A MELL [CO RN BEET LES. 



939 




Fig. 367 



hh. Striae of elytra punctured ; head with a median tubercle; basal mar- 
ginal line of thorax present, 
c. First joint of hind tarsus shorter than the next three together; 

claws of middle tarsi chelate in the male. 1772. splendidus. 
cc First joint of hind tarsus equal to the next three; claws of middle 
tarsi of male not chelate. 1774. blackburnii. 

aa. Body above opaque, black; elytra not striate, but with rows of punc- 

]773. OPACUS. 

tures. 

G. semiopacus J eld., has been taken near Cincinnati. 

*1772 (5596). Geotrupes splendidus Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 18. 

Broadly ovate. Color very variable ; brilliant me- 
tallic green, purple or bronze. Clypeus rounded in 
front, surface coarsely and roughly punctate and with 
a distinct median tubercle. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, surface finely and sparsely punctured, more 
coarsely and densely on sides. Elytra deeply striate, 
the stria? with well-defined punctures; intervals 
smooth, flat or subconvex. Male with middle tarsus 
short and thick. Length 12-17 mm. (Fig. 367.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 16- 
December 20. A pair were found mating beneath a log on the 
latter date. They evidently sometimes feed upon carrion as a pair, 
also mating, were' taken beneath the bones of a dead horse on May 6. 

1773 (5601). Geotrupes opacus Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 

362. 

Broadly oval. Above black, opaque, often with a purplish tinge; un- 
der surface and legs bluish. Clypeus rounded, rough, with few punctures 
and with a distinct tubercle near the frontal suture. Thorax with fine, 
irregularly scattered punctures, more coarse and numerous on the sides. 
Elytra smooth, not striate, each with about 16 somewhat irregular rows of 
fine punctures. Length 12-15 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties; rare. May 19-October 11. Occurs 
in sanely localities. 

1774 (5602). Geotrupes blackburnii Fab., Spec. Insect., I, 1781, 20. 
Broadlv oval. Black, feebly bronzed. Clypeus rounded in front, finely 

and densely punctate, with a slight tubercle behind the middle. Thorax 
with the center of disk nearly smooth, the sides with fine and sparsely 
placed punctures; a feebly impressed median line on basal half. Elytra 
deeply striate, the stria? finely punctured. Front tibiae of male with a short 
spur. Length 13-16 mm. 

Very common m the southern half of the State • much less so in 
the northern counties. March 11-Oetober 17. Often seen on the 
wing. The surface is less shining and the color not variable as m 
splendidus; the average size is also smaller. 



040 



FAMT LY L. S C A B A B M I DiE . 



Tribe V. ACANTHOCERINI. 

To this tribe belong three small, oval, convex, smooth, shining 
beetles, living under bark and in rotten wood. They have the man- 
dibles and labrum of horn-like texture and prominent ; the antennae 
10-jointed, club 3- jointed ; front coxaj conical, prominent; middle 
coxae transverse, contiguous ; ventral segments five, loosely united ; 
pygidhun entirely covered by the elytra; tarsi with slender claws 
without a process between them. One of the two genera compris- 
ing the tribe is represented in Indiana. No papers treating of the 
tribe as such have been published, the descriptions of the species 
being isolated. 

XVI. Clceotus Germ. 1843. (Gr., "girdled.") 

This genus contains two small species having the middle and 
hind tibiaa thick ; body partially contractile, so that it may be rolled 
up into a somewhat hemispherical mass, much in the same manner 
as in the members of the genus Agathiclium of the Silphidae. The 
scutellum is large, triangular and attenuate behind and the elytra 
are not striate. 

1775 (5608). Clceotus aphodioides 111., Germ. Zeitsch., IV, 1805, 137. 
Short, oval or subglobose. Blackish or purplish-bronzed, polished. Cly- 

peus rounded in front, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax about twice 
as broad as long, sides nearly straight ; hind angles rectangular, disk finely 
and sparsely punctured and with two impressions each side near the mar- 
gins. Elytra with the side margins entire, surface with rows of long, 
deeply impressed, rather close punctures, and with three or four elevated 
lines on apical third, the outer one longer. Length 4^1.5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 9-November 22. Oc- 
curs beneath bark, especially that of oak and hickory. Easily dis- 
tinguished from the next species by its smaller size and the more 
closely placed punctures and entire side margins of elytra. 

1776 (5609). Clceotus globosus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 179; 

ibid. II, 653. 

Form and color of the preceding but slightly larger. Clypeus finely 
rugose. Thorax much more densely punctate. Elytra with the side mar- 
gins finely denticulate ; the punctures oblong, separated from each other by 
a distance about equal to their length ; apical half with four or five slightly 
elevated lines, the two outer ones extending toward the humerus. Length 
5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. March 20-November 30. Prob- 
ably hibernates as imago. The specimens taken on November 30 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



941 



were from the half-dried carcass of a dog. It seems, therefore, 
that this species sometimes has the habits of Trox, a genus with 
which it is closely allied and in which it was placed by Say. 

Tribe VI. TROGINI. 

Oblong, convex, dirty-looking brown beetles, which occur under 
or about the skins and bones of carrion, old hides or feathers. The 
surface is usually roughly sculptured and covered with a crust of 
earth which is difficult to remove. From the preceding tribe they 
differ in form and by having the side, pieces of mesothorax not 
reaching the rounded middle coxae. They possess a distinct stridu- 
lating organ in the form of an elliptical plate with pearly reflec- 
tions, located on the upper part of the outer face of the first ventral 
segment, and covered by the elytra. A small oval polished space 
on the inner surface of the elytra near the margin and about op- 
posite the plate serves as an aid in producing the sound. All of 
our species belong to the single genus Trox. The following are the 
principal papers treating of the North American forms : 

LeConie. — 1 1 Descriptions of the species of Trox and Omorgus in- 
habiting the United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
VII, 1854, 211-216. 

Horn— " Revision of the Species of Trox of the United States," 
in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, V, 1874, 1-12. 

XVII. Trox Fab. 1792. (Gr., "a gnawer.") 

Twenty-one species of this genus are recognized from the United 
States, 14 of which have been taken in Indiana, while one other 
perhaps occurs. Sometimes a half dozen or more species are found 
in company in or beneath the same old skin or other remains of 
carrion. Unless cleaned of their usual encrusted coat of dirt, the 
specimens are very difficult to classify. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA SPECIES OF TROX. 

a. Scutelluni spear-shaped, i. e., narrowed strongly near the base, its sides 
at middle angulate; larger species. 12 or more mm. 
Z>. Elytra with rows of tubercles very distinct and tomentose, or cov- 
ered with fine hairs. 
c. First joint of antennae with dark brown hairs ; club dark. 

1777. SCABROSUS. 

cc. First joint of antennae with reddish-brown hairs : club reddish- 
brown or ash-gray. 
<L Elytral tubercles round, their entire surface tomentose. 

177S. MONACHUS. 



^42 FAMILY L. S C A 31 A B-JEipjE . 

dd. Elytra! tubercles oblong, the front portion of each without hairs. 

1779. ASPER, 

1)1). Elytra with rows of tubercles much less distinct, wholly without 
hairs. 

e. Sides of thorax near the hind angles rather deeply notched ; ely- 
tra not distinctly tuberculate. 1780. suberosus. 
ee. Sides of thorax not or very feebly notched; elytra with well 
marked rows of smooth tubercles. punctatus. 
aa. Scutellum oval, never spear-shaped ; size smaller, not over 12 mm. 

f. Tip of presternum behind the front coxae not spin i form ; hairs of ely- 
tral intervals, when present, in tufts, never in single row. 
g. Hind femora with a row of small spines along the hind margin ; 
thorax with a median groove, limited on each side with an ob- 
tuse ridge ; elytra! tubercles with erect setae or bristle-like hairs ; 
length 9-10 mm. 1781. tuberculatum. 

gg. Hind femora without spinules. 

h. Elytral tubercles with black setse. 

i. Tubercles elevated, the setre erect, moderately long; length 
6-7 mm. 1782. erinaceus. 

ii. Tubercles indistinct, setre very short; length 9-10 mm. 

1783. CAPILLARIS. 

hJi. Elytral tubercles with reddish-brown or pale hairs or scales. 
j. Elytra distinctly tuberculate ; thorax with well marked ridges. 
A'. Thorax sulcate at middle, the ridges straight or nearly so. 
/. Elytral margins entire at base ; length 10-12 mm. 

17S4. ITNISTRIATUS. 

//. Elytral margins crenulate or with small teeth at base; 
length 6-8 mm. 1785. sordidus. 

Jclc. Thorax with the median groove divided into two foveas or 
pits, the ridges very sinuous ; length 5-6 mm. 
m. Tubercles of elytra with erect brownish setse. 

1786. INSULARIS. 

mm. Tubercles with pale yellowish scale-like hairs. 

1787. TERRESTRIS. 

jj. Elytral tubercles very indistinct, being replaced by patches of 
seta?. 

it. Front tibiae without fine teeth above the tooth on side; tufts 
of setse on elytra of equal size in all the rows ; length 6- 
6.5 mm. 1788. .equalis. 

nn. Front tibise with fine teeth near the base; tufts of setse on 
elytra much smaller on the alternate rows ; length 5-6 mm. 

1789. SCABER. 

//. Tip of prosternum spine-like behind the coxse ; elytral intervals with 
a single row of short, erect setse ; front tibise bidentate on the outer 
side and crenulate near the base. 1790. atrox. 

1777 (5613). Trox scabrosus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 175. 

Oblong-oval, robust. Dull blackish-brown or piceous ; labrum and mandi- 
bles and basal joint of antennse clothed with stiff brown hairs. Thorax 
with sides rounded, deeply and broadly notched near hind angles, the lat- 



TilE LAMELLICOBN BEETLES. 



ter in the form of a rounded lobe ; base rather acutely lobed at middle: disk 
with four elongate tubercles along the basal margin, the outer one each side 
with a smaller one in front; the median pair each with a Y-shaped ridge 
in front, these ridges forming the sides of a median groove. Elytra with 
rows of moderately elevated, oblong, tubercles, tomentose at summit ; be- 
tween the rows of large tubercles is a row of smaller oues, also tomentose 
at top, and on each side of the smaller tubercles is a row of rounded granu- 
lar elevations: the surface between all tubercles and elevations, smooth. 
Length 15-1S mm. 

Lake County; rare. September 3. I have seen but a single 
specimen, taken by J. D. Hood on the beach of Lake Michigan, 
near Pine. It occurs on the sandy shores of lakes and rivers and is 
said to be abundant in the Gulf States. The rows of three different 
sizes of tubercles on the elytra readily distinguish this from our 
other large species. 

1778 (5614). Teox moxachvs Herbst., Kafer. III. 17S9. 25. 

More oblong and less robust 
than scabrosus. Dark brown or fus- 
cous. Thorax with sides subangu- 
late in front of notch near hind an- 
gles : basal margin deeply sinuate 
near the angles: tubercles as in 
scabrosus. Elytra each with five 
rows of rounded or oval tubercles, 
tomentose at tip. rather distantly 
placed one from another, these of 

one row alternating with those of the next : the spaces between the tuber- 
cles finely and sparsely granulate, one of the tubercles of third row on 
apical fourth of elytra is much enlarged, the corresponding one in the 
fourth and fifth row also enlarged, but smaller than that of the third. 
Length 13-16 mm. (Fig. 368.) 




33S. a r larva: b, pupa; c, beetle; d. e : /, le?, cervical 
phte and maxilla of larva. (After R£ey.) 



Southern half of State: frequent. June /-October 6. 
oh the former date. 



^latins 



1779 (5615). Tbox aspek Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VII. 1854, 215. 

Oblong, robust. Purplish or grayish-brown ; the first joint of antenna? 
and club as in monachus. Thorax as in monachus. except that the notch 
near hind angles is less deep, the angular lobe less prominent, and the 
sinuation of basal margin less marked. Elytra with rows of oblong or 
elongate, tomentose tubercles, their front ends smooth and shining. Inter- 
vals between the larger rows of tubercles each with a row of small ones, 
on each side of which is a row of rather deeply impressed punctures. 
Length 13-15 mm. 

Putnam County: rare. June 11. Probably occurs sparingly 
throughout the southern half of State. 
[60—23402] 



944 



FAMILY L . S C A K A B 32 1 DM . 



17,80 (561G). Trox subebosus Fab., Syst. Eht, 1798, 31. 

Oblong, robust. Dull grayish-brown, elytra mottled with piceous, some- 
times almost black and shining. Thorax with sides rounded, tbe notch in 
front of bind angles broad and shallow, the basal tubercles as in monaclius. 
but much less elevated and therefore less distinct, tbe Y-shaped ones form- 
ing the median groove almost obsolete except at middle. Elytral tubercles 
feeble or obsolete, with very small tufts of hairs between them, in those 
specimens in which the elytral tubercles and surface coating are wholly 
absent, the elytra are marked with rows of large rounded or subquadrate 
punctures, and appear black and shining. Length 12-17 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 30-September 6. Often 
attracted by electric lights of the cities. 

Trox punctatus Germ., length 12-17 mm., is a southern species 
which is recorded from near Cincinnati. 

1781 (5618). Trox tuberculatus DeGeer, Mem. Ins., IV, 1778, 318. 
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Black or piceous black. Head usually 

with four small tufts of hairs in a transverse row. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, sides feebly rounded, basal margin sinuate ; disk with a wide and 
deep median groove, bordered each side by an entire ridge, rarely inter- 
rupted at middle by a transverse elevation. Elytra with rows of rather 
distinct, feebly elevated tubercles, covered with brownish, suberect seta?; 
intervals with much smaller tubercles, each of which, in perfectly clean 
specimens, is seen to be surrounded by three or four minute granules set in 
large shallow punctures or depressions. Front tibial with one small mar- 
ginal tooth and above it subserrate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Lake, Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 30- 
June 9. This and the next three species are of medium size and 
have the margins of thorax ciliate with short flattened hairs. The 
scutellum in it and all the remaining species is oval instead of 
spear-shaped. 

1782 (5621). Trox erinaceus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1S54, 

212. 

Oblong-oval, shorter than tuberculatus. Dull black, shining when clean. 
Clypeus more distinctly angulate at middle, the front with two small tufts 
of hairs. Thorax as in tuberculatus, the median sulcus more shallow and 
often feebly interrupted at middle. Elytral tubercles in first and third 
rows more or less connected on basal half, the others rounded, clothed with 
short, erect black hairs; intervals with smaller tubercles and small gran- 
ules as in tuberculatus. Hind femora without spinules on hind margin. 
Length 6-7 mm. 

Putn am County ; rare. August 12. Taken from the skin of a 
dead squirrel. Probably occurs throughout the southern half of 
the State. 



THE LAMELLICOI.'N BEETLES. 



945 



17S3 (5622). Teox capillabis Say, Joura. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 
238 ; ibid. II, 139. 

Oblong-oval. Grayish or fuscous; when clean often purplish. Clypeus 
broadly rounded; front with four small tufts of brownish hairs. Thorax 
with sides feebly curved, gradually wider to base, the median groove shal- 
low but entire, surface each side roughly punctured. Elytral tubercles 
feebly elevated, widely distant ; intervals with minute tubercles or granules, 
these subobsolete on the sides ; intervals one to three each with four slightly 
elevated broken lines. Length 9-10.5 mm. 

Southern half ol State; frequent. April 12-December 25. 
Clean specimens can be quickly recognized by the fine "capillary 
lines" on the intervals near the suture. Say's specific name was 
based on the presence of these lines. 

1784 (5623). Teox unisteiatus Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer., 1805, 175. 
Elongate-ovate. Dull brownish-black. Clypeus rounded. Thorax one- 
half broader than long, sides nearly straight, curved on apical fourth, hind 
angles rectangular, median groove feeble; surface coarsely punctured and 
with a large irregular depression each side near the groove and another 
near the margin, these usually concealed by dirt. Elytral tubercles elon- 
gate, slightly separated, thus forming elevated interrupted lines, each of 
these with two rows of very short brown, scale-like hairs; intervals each 
with a row of minute brownish tufts of hair and two rows of large, trans- 
verse, shallow punctures. Length 9.5-11.5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 2-June 10. Larger than 
capillaris, and readily distinguished by the carina-like lines of 
elytral tubercles and the larger and more distinct roAvs of punctures. 

1785 (5624). Teox soedidus Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 211. 
Oblong-oval, broader behiud. Dull black. Clypeus broadly rounded. 

Thorax two-thirds wider than long, sides nearly straight, ciliate with very 
short hairs ; median groove slightly interrupted, its sides somewhat sinuous ; 
surface roughly punctured and with a rounded impression each side on 
basal half. Elytra each with four row\s of tubercles, those on basal half 
of first and second rows more elongate ; intervals each with a single row of 
small distant tubercles. Front tibia? finely toothed above the median tooth. 
Length 6-8 mm. 

Jennings, Putnam, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April 
24-May 12. This and the remaining five species are all small in 
size and difficult to separate. This is the largest of the six, more 
robust and broader behind the middle. It resembles Uiberculatus in 
form and sculpture, but is distinctly smaller and has the scales of 
the tubercles much paler. 

1786 (5625). Teox insulabis Chev., Col. Mex., 1835. 

Ovate. Dull piceous or blackish-brown. Clypeus subangulate at mid- 
dle; front with four obtuse tubercles. Thorax with sides feebly curved, 
margins ciliate ; disk with the median ridges strongly sinuous, converging 



946 



FAMILY L. SCAKABitOIDiE. 



at middle and united by a transverse ridge, thus dividing the groove into 
two fovea? or depressions, the hinder one of these with a large rounded 
fovea on eacli side ; apical half with a transverse fovea each side. Elytra 
with rows of small but distinct tubercles, bearing short, erect brownish 
bairs; intervals with a few very small tubercles and scattered granules. 
Front tibiae with a small marginal tooth near the angle. Length 5-6 mm. 

Putnam. Vigo, Lawrence and Posey counties; frequent. June 
2-September 26. Resembles closely the next and probably confused 
with it in many collections. Known by the erect brownish hairs of 
the elytral tubercles, which can be readily seen by viewing the speci- 
men from the side. Listed as L. foveicollis Har. 

1787 (5626). Teox teebestbis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, V, 1825, 
192 ; ibid. IT, 295. 

In form, color and sculpture of thorax this species very closely resem- 
bles insularis. Thorax with sides a little less rounded, and more convergent 
in front. Tubercles of elytra with yellowish scale-like hairs which are 
semi- or wholly prostrate. Length 5-6 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. February 14-November 30. 
This species and the next hibernate beneath rails and chunks in 
fence corners where dead leaves have accumulated. It is possible 
that all species of Trox so hibernate, as several others have been 
taken very early in spring or late in autumn. When touched or un- 
covered all the species ''play possum" or simulate death. 

*1788 (5627). TEox cequalis Say, New Spec. Ins. Louisiana, 1832, 5; ibid. 
I, 301. 

Elongate, subovate. Dull brownish-black. Clypeus rounded, densely 
punctured; front with minute tufts of reddish-brown hairs arranged in a 
transverse sinuous line. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly and 
evenly curved, ciliate; dorsal groove very feeble, surface finely and evenly 
punctate, sparsely clothed with short, erect brownish hairs. Elytra with- 
out tubercles, but with numerous tufts of reddish-brown, scale-like hairs 
arranged in regular rows. Hind tarsi with joints 2-4 longer than wide. 
Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-December 12. Oc- 
curs often distant from carrion beneath bark and about the roots 
of trees. 

1789 (5629). Teox scabee Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 17S5, 573. 

Form of cequalis. Black, somewhat shining, when clean. Thorax with 
median groove a little more distinct and a shallow impression each side 
near base, the surface less covered witb bristly hairs, otherwise as in 
cequalis. Elytra with rows of oblong, shallow punctures, the alternate in- 
tervals more elevated and bearing oblong tufts of brownish hairs; the in- 
tervening intervals with minute rounded tufts of similar hairs. Hind tarsi 



TLX E LAMELL1C0UN . BE ETL ES. 



947 



longer than in wqualis. Front tibiae with two teeth on the outer margin 
near the tip and with several small blunt teeth near the base. Length 5- 
7 mm. 

Frequent beneath dead fish and other carrion and rubbish along 
the beach of Lake Michigan in Lake and Porter counties ; not noted 
elsewhere in the State, though probably occurs throughout, as Dury 
records it from Cincinnati. April 9-July 3. 

1790 (5630). Teox atrox Lec., Proe. Phil. Acad: Nat. Sci., VII, 1854, 214. 

Elongate-ovate. Black, surface without coating. Thorax transversely 
quadrate, sides moderately curved in front, slightly sinuate at base; hind 
angles acute, surface sparsely punctured, median groove wholly obliterated 
except a slight impression in front of scutellum. Elytra with broad, shal- 
low stria?, bearing transverse rather distant punctures; intervals feebly con- 
vex and with a single row of small punctures each of which bears a short, 
erect brownish hair. Hind femora with a row of spines along the hind 
margin. Length 8 mm. 

Known from Indiana by two specimens taken near Lafayette, 
one each in the collections of Dury and Webster. Recorded here- 
tofore only from Illinois and Kansas. 

Subfamily II. MELOLONTHINAE. 

The members of the subfamily are mainly distinguished by 
the position of the abdominal spiracles, which are in part placed on 
the superior portion of the ventral segments, the rows feebly di- 
verging, the last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra. They 
are usually of looser, more slender build, with longer legs than the 
members of the preceding subfamily. The clypeal suture is trans- 
verse; club of antenna* often elongated in males; tip of the abdo- 
men usually visible beyond the elytra ; color in general some shade 
of brown. In all of our genera the mandibles and labrum are be- 
neath the clypeus and not visible from above. In habits they are 
entirely vegetable feeders, occurring on leaves and flowers, or flying 
about in the evening, and are often attracted in great numbers to 
electric and other lights. 

But six of the 21 genera into which the subfamily is divided are 
represented in the State. The following papers treat of these 
genera and to them the special student is referred for more detailed 
descriptions : 

LeConte.—' 'Synopsis of the Melolonthidae of the United 
States." in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., New Ser., Ill, 1856, 
22 5-2 -58. 



948 



FAMILY L.- — SCARAB^ID^. 



LeConle. — "Short Studies of N. Amer. Coleoptera, " in Trans. 

Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880. A synopsis of the genus 

Hoplia is given on pages 191-194. 
Horn. — 4 'Revision of the U. S. Species of Ochod-aeus and other 

Genera of Scarabagidae," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876. 

The genera Macrodactylus and Dichelonycha are treated on 

pages 188-192. 

Horn. — "Revision of the Species of Lachnosterna of America 
North of Mexico," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIV, 1887, 
209-296. 

Smith, John B. — "Notes on Lachnosterna fusca," in Insect Life, 
I, 1888, 180-185. 

Smith, John B. — "Some New Species of Lachnosterna," in Ent. 
Amer., V, 1889, 93-99. 

Smith, John B. — "Notes on the Species of Lachnosterna of Tem- 
perate North America with Descriptions of New Species," in 
Proc, IT. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 481-525, Pis. XLVIII-LX. 

Fall, II . C. — "Notes on Dichelonycha and Cantharis with De- 
scriptions of new Species in other Genera," in Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc, XXVII, 277-292. 

Fall, II. C. — "Revision of the Species of Diplotaxis of the 
United States," in Trans. Amer. Ent., XXXV, 1909, 1-97. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MET .OI.ON TTI IX M. 

a. Middle and hind tibiae with only one spur, this sometimes obsolete ; 
tarsi without setse-bearing process between the claws ; hind tarsi with 
a single claw; body scaly. XVIII. Hoplia. 

aa. Middle and hind tibiae with two spurs ; all tarsi with two equal claws 
and a distinct setae-bearing process between them. 
T). Form elongate, slender ; colors metallic green or bronzed (at least in 
part) or dull yellow. 

c. Elytra pubescent, not densely scaly ; claws chelate, i. e., capable 

of being folded along the last joint of the tarsi. 

XIX. Dichelonycha. 

cc. Elytra densely covered with elongate yellowish scales ; tarsal claws 
not chelate. XX. Macrodactylus. 

hh. Form robust, heavy; color brownish, sometimes iridescent. 

d. Ventral segments five ; elytra either uniformly and rather finely 

punctured, or with punctured stria?. XXI. Diplotaxis. 

dd. Ventral segments six. 

e. Elytra with rather indistinct but regular sulci or grooves on the 
disk; ventral segments free; size small, not over 10 mm. 

XXTI. Serica. 

ee. Elytra without striae or grooves over the great portion of the 
disk; ventral segments connate; size larger, 11.5 or more mm. 

XXIII. Lachnosterna. 



Ti l E LAMELLICOEN BEETLES. 



949 



XVIII. Hoplia Illiger. 1803. (Or., "arms.") 

Oblong, more or less flattened insects, living on flowers by day, 
beneath cover at night, and having the body entirely or in part cov- 
ered with flat scales of a yellowish, brownish or silvery hue ; claws 
of front and middle tarsi chelate and unequal, the outer one being 
larger and bifid at tip : scutellum small ; club of antennas three- 
jointed. The two sexes often differ much in size and color and the 
males have the hind tibiae and tarsi stouter. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HOPLIA. 

a. Claw of hind tarsi not cleft. 

&. Sexes dissimilar in color, male black, hairy with grayish pubescence ; 
female brown with pale brown and yellowish silvery scales ; thorax 
wide, narrowed in front, its sides subangulate and rounded. 

1791. TRIFASCIATA. 

bh. Both sexes dull black, thinly clothed with elongate grayish scales; 
thorax with sides oblique, slightly rounded ; clypeus more strongly 
margined in front. 1792. trivialis. 

aa. Claw of hind tarsi cleft near the tip. 

c. Sides of thorax strongly angulated ; black, sides of thorax, suture and 
margins of elytra and two oblique branches with silvery scales. 

1793. limbata. 

cc. Sides of thorax either broadly rounded or nearly straight. 

d. Brown, clothed with very small scales, these oval on thorax, nar- 
row and hair-like on elytra. 1794. modesta. 
dd. Dull brownish-yellow, very densely clothed with silvery scales, these 
circular on thorax, broadly oval on elytra. 

* 1791a. var. barbata. 

1791 (5650). Hoplia trieasciata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci,, III, 
1823, 200; ibid. II, 301. 
Oblong. Male dull black; thorax and elytra rather densely clothed 
with elongate grayish-yellow prostrate hairs or hair-like scales; pygidium 
and abdomen densely covered with silvery scales ; these replaced by erect 
gray hairs on front of under surface and legs. Female with head black; 
thorax and elytra reddish-brown, covered with yellowish scales, some of 
those of elytra usually more densely placed so as to form three irregular, 
undulated bands, one at base, another at middle and a third near apex; 
entire under surface clothed with silvery scales. Head and thorax in both 
sexes with numerous erect grayish or yellowish hairs. Clypeus truncate, 
the front edge reflexed. Length 6.5-9 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Vigo counties; scarce. April 8-May 27. Oc- 
curs on flowers of Cratmgus, etc, Passes the winter in pupal stage 
beneath half-buried logs and other cover. The black males appear 
to be rare, but one having been taken in the State. 



950 



F A An LT L. — SCA RABiRTDiE, 



1792 (5651). Hoplia trivia lis Harold. Col. Hefte, V, 1809. 

Elongate-oblong. Dull black; upper surface clothed' 

with lanceolate, hair-like scales, those on elytra usually 
so placed as to form two indistinct bands, one at mid- 
dle, the other at apex; pygidiuiri and abdomen rather 
sparsely covered with flat, silvery scales ; front portion 
of under surface, legs and thorax with erect gray hairs. 
Elytra at base a little wider than base -of thorax, the 
humeri prominent. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 369.) 

Starke, Fulton and Putnam counties; frequent 
beneath boards, etc., in sandy localities about the 
borders of lakes. April 8-May 9. 

1793 (5653). Hoplia limbata Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., New Ser., 

Ill, 1856, 286. 

Elongate. Black ; above with scales as mentioned in key ; pygidium and 
under surface densely clothed with rounded, silvery scales. Claws of hind 
tarsi cleft near the tip. Length 7.5-S.5 mm. 

LeConte described this from "two specimens found at Evans- 
ville, Indiana." Of it he says: "The dilatation of the white su- 
ture at the middle forms an oblique fascia reaching two-thirds way 
to the suture ; the posterior dilatation is a spot connected both with 
the suture and tip. The thorax is hardly narrower at tip than at 
base. The legs are black, with the thighs sparsely sprinkled with 
silvery scales." Not represented in the collection at hand. 

1794 (5651). Hoplia modesta Hald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I. 301. 
Oblong. Black or dull reddish-brown ; head and thorax fuscous. Up- 
per surface with scales as noted in key ; pygidium and under surface rather 
thickly covered with larger oval, iridescent silvery scales. Clypeus nar- 
rower than in the other species, truncate, its front margin feebly reflexed. 
Thorax flattened with oblique but slightly rounded sides. Elytra obsoletely 
costate. Hind tarsal claws finely cleft near the apex. Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Lake, Putnam, Owen and Knox counties : scarce. May 25- 
June 26. 

1791a ( ). Hoplia modesta barbata var. nov. 

More robust than modesta. Color as given in key ; pygidium and un- 
der surface reddish-brown, shining, very densely clothed with oval silvery 
scales. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight, subsinuate 
near hind angles. Elytra without trace of costa?. Hind tibife and tarsi of 
males very much larger than in modesta. Length 8-8.5 mm. 

Vigo and Owen counties; rare. May 31-June 15. Taken from 
the flowers of the climbing bitter-sweet, Celastrus scandens L. The 
shorter, wider and more densely placed scales of the elytra readily 
separate this from modesta. The scutelium is also longer and more 
narrow than there. 




THE LAME LLI CORN BEETLES. 



951 



XIX. Dichelonycha Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "cleft + claw.") 

Elongate, parallel, siibdepressed species, usually piceous or 
brownish-yellow in hue, with a distinct greenish, purplish or bronze 
lustre. They are covered with a fine silky pubescence, have large, 
prominent eyes, the first ventral segment in great part visible, the 
claws cleft at tip. The males have the club of antenna nearly as 
long as the remaining portion and the middle line of abdomen, when 
viewed from the side, more or less concave. They often occur in 
numbers on the young shoots or leaves of trees and shrubs. Five 
species have been taken in Indiana, while another probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DICHELONYCHA. 

a. Thorax without a well defined median groove. 

b. Prevailing color dull brownish-yellow, the elytra usually with faint 
greenish or bronzed surface lustre ; tibiae and tarsi entirely pale. 
c. Suture between clypeus and front indistinct, not impressed. 
d. Subapical marginal grooves of thorax distinct; front margin of 
clypeus narrowly reflexed ; elytra with a darker narrow stripe 
on the sides which is more distinct at its extremities. 

1795. SUB VITTATA . 

del. Subapical and basal marginal grooves obsolete; clypeus rather 
broadly reflexed ; elytra without trace of darker lateral stripe. 

TESTACEA. 

cc. Suture between clypeus and front distinct, rather deeply im- 
pressed; clypeus rather strongly reflexed; subapical marginal 
line of thorax deeply impressed; elytra pale, feebly tinged with 
green. 1796. dilcta. 

1)1). Prevailing color dark; elytra in fully colored species more or less 
brilliant green or bronze. 
e. Suture between clypeus and front indistinct; surface lustre green- 
ish or purplish ; apex of hind tibiae and tarsi piceous. 

1797. ELONGATA. 

cc. Suture between clypeus and front deeply impressed; elytra piceous 
with bronzed lustre ; legs wholly reddish-brown or piceous. 

1798. FUSCULA. 

a a. Thorax with a rather broad and deeply impressed median line or 
groove ; elytra with distinct greenish lustre. 1799. albicollis. 

1795 (5657). Dichelonycha slbvittata Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1856, 279. 

Resembles clmififtta in form but stouter. Dull reddish-brown or brown- 
ish-yellow, with a bronze or greenish tinge; elytra with a fuscous or dark 
greenish stripe on sides, often obsolete except on the humeral ami apical 
elevations. Head coarsely and rugosely punctured. Thorax with a faint 
median line; less densely and more- coarsely punctured than in elotigata, 
its surface sparsely pubescent in both sexes. Elytra rather coarsely punc- 
tured and wrinkled, very sparsely pubescent. Length 10-11.5 mm. 



952 



FAMILY L. SO AHA B MID2E . 



Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties ; scarce. May 26-Jnne 
24. Occurs on hazel and oak foliage. 

D. testacea Kirby is a boreal species which may occur in north- 
ern Indiana. 

179G ( ). Dichelonycha DiLUTA Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXVII, 

1901, 283. 

Elongate, parallel. Pale, dull yellow; front and thorax sometimes 
fuscous; elytra feebly tinged with green. Clypeus more strongly reflexed, 
less densely and more deeply punctate than in elongata, the sutural line 
distinctly impressed. Thorax rather sparsely and coarsely punctate, sparsely 
pubescent, its sides strongly subangulate. Elytra coarsely and roughly 
pnnctulate. Inner spur of hind tibiae of male distinctly broader and more 
obtuse than in elongata. Length 8.5-9.5 mm. 

Starke and Crawford counties; scarce. May 25- June 27. 
Beaten from oak shrubs. The clypeus in all the four specimens at 
hand is distinctly and abruptly paler than the vertex. 

1797 (5656). Dichelonycha elongata Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1798, 170. 

Elongate, parallel. Head and thorax piceous or 

dark reddish-brown. Elytra dull brownish-yellow or 
darker, more or less tinged with greenish, purplish or 
bronzed lustre ; antennae and legs pale, the apex of 
hind tarsi and tibiae piceous. Head densely and rather 
coarsely punctured. Thorax with sides sinuate behind 
the middle, hind angles prominent ; surface densely 
punctured, sparsely pubescent, male ; densely pubes- 
cent, female. Elytra rather coarsely punctured, sparse- 
ly and finely pubescent. Pygidium and sides of abdo- 
men rather densely clothed with long, silvery, scale- 
like hairs. Length 8-10 mm. (Fig. 370.) 

Fig. 370. x 3. Throughout the State; frequent. April 18- 

July 5. Occurs on flowers of wild plum, wild 
rose, etc., and on leaves of oak and willow. 

1798 (5663). Dichelonycha fuscula Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1856, 2S1. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown or piceous; elytra with 
a pale marginal stripe, their surface otherwise uniformly and distinctly 
bronzed. Clypeus concave, the margin moderately reflexed, rather densely 
and coarsely punctured. Thorax sparsely and rather deeply punctured, the 
intervals between the punctures shining ; sparsely pubescent. Elytra very 
coarsely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Length 7 mm. 

Putnam and Crawford counties; rare. May 27-June 20. 
Probably occurs throughout the southern half of State. Readily 
known by its smaller size and dark bronzed elytra with paler 
margin. 




THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



953 



1799 (5667). Dichelonycha albicollis Burm., Handb. Ent, IV, 1842, 74. 

Elongate, parallel, rather robust. Dull brownish or fuscous yellow, 
sparsely clothed with short pubescence. Elytra with greenish lust re, the 
suture and margins paler. Head coarsely and densely punctured; suture 
feebly impressed; clypeal margin moderately reflexed. Thorax coarsely 
and sparsely punctured, sides obtusely angulate, oblique near hind angles, 
which are broadly rounded. Elytra coarsely punctured. Males with outer 
spur of hind tibhe much broader than inner, truncate at tip and distinctly 
twisted. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

Porter County; scarce. June 27-June 28. Beaten from pine 
near Dune Park. Easily distinguished by its larger size and deep 
median groove of thorax. 



XX. Macrodactylus Lat. 1825. (Gr., "long + toe or claw.") 

The members of this genus are commonly known as ''rose-bugs" 
and are elongate, rather slender beetles having the elytra densely 
covered with yellowish scales; tarsi very long and bearing long, 
slender diverging claws cleft at tip, more deeply in the female; 
labrum not united with clypeus ; front coxae prominent and conical. 
Males with front and hind tibiae without spurs ; prosternum elevated 
in a vertical spine behind the front coxae; pygidium elongate in- 
stead of triangular as in the female. Two of the three known 
North American species have been taken in Indiana. 

1800 (5690). Maceodactylis subspinosus Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798, 39. 

Elongate, slender. Dull brownish-yellow or 
reddish-brown, densely covered with yellow 
scales or hairs ; head, thorax and under surface 
usually darker; tarsi and apex of tibiae black. 
Thorax convex, a little longer than wide, much 
Avider at middle and rapidly narrowing thence 
to both base and apex; surface with short, re- 
cumbent yellow hairs, male, or with recumbent 
hairs and short, vertical sette intermingled, fe- 
male. Elytra indistinctly striate. Male with 
prosternal spine as long as coxae and visible 
from the front, the ventral segments each with 
two to five slender bristles on each side; ven- 
tral segments of female with a few median erect 
hairs. Length 8-10 mm. (Fig. 371.) 

Throughout the State; very common. 
June 5-July 5. Noted especially on wild 
grape vines about the borders of marshes Fig. 371. Line shows natural size. 

& ^ (After Forbes.) 

and lakes in northern Indiana. This is the 

best known rose chafer or rose beetle, and is very destructive in the 




954 



FAMILY It. SCAEABiEmaC. 



imago stage. It sometimes appears in immense numbers on roses 
and various flowers and also on leaves and blossoms of grape, often 
completely ruining the crop of the latter. Bordeaux mixture is a 
repellant, but in addition to its use, until after the grapes are set, 
the beetles should be beaten into umbrellas and burned. 

1S01 (5691). Maceodactylus angf/status Beauv., Ins. Aft*, et Amer.. I. 
1S05, 30. 

Form of the preceding but somewhat larger. Uniform dull brownish- 
yellow except the apex of tibiae and apical halves of tarsal joints, which 
are piceous. Male with prosternal spine short, not visible from the front, 
the bristles of ventral segments very short. Female with all the hairs of 
disk of thorax erect, those of the margins recumbent; abdomen with nu- 
merous erect hairs along the middle, these arising from strong punctures. 
Elytra with erect hairs near the base. Length 9-11 mm. 

Crawford and Perry counties; rare. May 21-June 25. A spe- 
cies of southern range, belonging to the Austroriparian fauna of 
the State. 

XXI. Diplotaxts Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "double + order.") 

Small, oblong, convex species, brown or piceous in color and 
having the elytra, not sulcate but simply and irregularly punctate 
or with the punctures of feeble costa^ arranged in rows, the wider 
intervals being irregularly punctured. The antennae are 10- jointed 
and only five ventral segments are visible. The body is not broader 
behind, as in Scrica, and the tarsal claws are cleft or toothed. They 
occur beneath flat stones, bark and logs, usually in dry, hilly locali- 
ties. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIPLOTAXIS. 

a. Body pubescent ; elytra without distinct rows of punctures. 

1802. SOEDIDA. 

aa. Body not pubescent above ; elytra with some of the punctures arranged 
in rows. 

7>. Thorax with a distinct impression near front and hind angles. 

c. Disk of thorax unevenly punctured, leaving smooth spaces near the 

middle. liberta. 
cc. Disk of thorax densely and more finely punctured. tristis. 
hl>. Thorax without distinct impressions near the angles. 

d. Clypeus semicircular, its front broadly and regularly rounded. 

1S03. HARPERT. 

dd. Clypens hemihexagoiial, its front snbsnlcate or slightly emarginate. 

1804. FRO X DIC OLA. 



THE LAMELLICOKN BEETLES. 



955 



1S02 (5699). Diplotaxis sordida Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825, 
197; ibid. II, 299. 

Oblong, robust, convex. Reddish-brown to black or piceous, subopaque; 
upper surface clothed with hue. short suberect, yellowish hairs, those ou 
thorax dense and more erect. Clypeus short, broadly but not deeply emargi- 
nate ; its surface, as well as that of thorax and elytra, densely, rather finely 
and more or less confluently punctured. Thorax with a deep impression 
near the front angles and a distinct but more shallow one near the hind 
ones, the middle portion more convex; sides subangulate behind the middle, 
margin crenate. Elytra with very fine transverse wrinkles between the 
punctures. Length 11-12 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 28-September 3. Two specimens from 
beneath drift on the beach of Lake .Michigan near Millers and Pine. 
It is known only from Michigan, Pennsylvania and Georgia, and 
seems to be everywhere rare. 

1803 (5716). Diplotaxis harperi Blanch.. Cat. Col., Mus. Hist, Nat. Paris. 

1850, 171. 

Oblong, feebly convex. Reddish-brown or piceous, shining. Clypeus semi- 
circular, narrowly margined, slightly reflexed, surface rather coarsely and 
densely punctate. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides feebly rounded; 
surface coarsely but not densely punctate. Elytra each with three indis- 
tinct costaB, each of which bears a single somewhat irregular row of punc- 
tures with a more distinct row on each side; the much broader intervals 
with numerous coarse, irregular punctures. Length S. 5-9.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common in the southern half, much less 
so in the northern counties. March 21-October 1. Occurs in early 
spring and late autumn beneath logs, leaves and stones, where it 
probably hibernates sparingly as imago, and commonly in the pupal 
stage. Also occurs at electric light and sparingly on foliage. 

1804 (5717). Diplotaxis froxdicola Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1825. 19S ; ibid. II. 299. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Pale to dark chestnut brown, feebly shining. Cly- 
peus subtruncate at apex, its margin more strongly reflexed and surface 
more finely punctate than in harperi. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, 
sides broadly rounded, surface rather finely and somewhat densely punc- 
tate. Elytra each with three feeble costas. each bearing a single regular row 
of punctures and a row each side : the intervals with the punctures more 
regularly placed than in harperi. Length 7-8 mm. 

Lawrence, Crawford and Posey counties; frequent. May 10- 
,July 3. Occurs beneath stones and logs. A shorter and more con- 
vex species than liar peri, easily distinguished by the form of the 
clypeus. Probably occurs throughout the State. 



956 



FAMILY L . SOAEAIi MIDM. 



XXII. Sekica MacLeay. 1819. (Gr., "silken.") 

Robust, oblong, convex species of a brown color, often covered 
with soft silken pubescence and with iridescent reflections. They 
are of small size, and the body, especially that of female, is broader 
behind; labrum united firmly with the under surface of clypeus, 
and therefore indistinct; elytra feebly sulcate; hind coxae flat and 
broadly dilated into a plate, as wide as any two ventral segments, 
which covers the base of the abdomen. 

The beetles fly about chiefly in the evening and by day are to 
be found beneath leaves, logs and bark in orchards and woods. 
Five species have been taken in the State, two of which are here- 
with described as new; while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SERICA. 

a. Clypeus with an acute notch each side ; body smooth, shining, not irides- 
cent. 

&. Notch of clypeus deep, distinct, the margin in front of notch strongly 
reflexed; surface of front and clypeus coarsely, confluently punc- 
tured, with wrinkles between the punctures. 1805. vespertina. 
&&. Notch of clypeus small and indistinct, margin less strongly reflexed; 
surface finely punctured, without wrinkles or rugosities. 
c. Suture between clypeus aud front with a distinct carina; surface 
of clypeus aud thorax finely and densely punctured. 

1806. CARINATA. 

cc. Suture between clypeus and front impressed, without carina ; sur- 
face of clypeus and thorax finely and sparsely punctured. 

1807. INTERMIXTA. 

aa. Clypeus without a notch on sides ; body usually silky-pubescent and 
more or less iridescent. 
d. Head and thorax with numerous short, erect yellowish hairs. 

IRICOLOR. 

(Id. Head and thorax not distinctly hairy. 

e. Size larger, 8 or more mm. ; body above unicolored. 

/. Upper surface black, feebly shining, scarcely iridescent; clypeus 
densely and rather coarsely punctured. tristis. 
//. Upper surface purplish-brown or piceous, distinctly iridescent; 
clypeus more sparsely and finely punctate. 1808. sericea. 
ee. Size smaller, not over 6 mm. ; head and thorax black or piceous, 
elytra usually reddish-brown. 1809. trogiformis. 

1805 (5674). Serica vespertina Gyll., Schonh. Syn. Ins., I, 1817, 94. 

Oblong-ovate. Chestnut brown to piceous, smooth, shining. Clypeus 
short, truncate, coarsely, densely and rugosely punctate, the notch deep, 
distinct; frontal suture impressed. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides 



THE LAME LL I CO UN BEETLES. 



957 



feebly curved, hind angles rectangular; surface rather finely and regularly 
punctate, more densely and roughly on the sides. Elytra broadly not deeply 
sulcate, the grooves with two rows of coarse, confluent punctures; intervals 
feebly convex, sparsely punctate. Length 8.5-11 mm. 

Starke, Jackson and Dubois counties; scarce. April 12-June 27. 



1S06 (- 



) 




Fig. 372. X 2}. 
(Original.) 



Serica cari]\ t x\ta sp. nov. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, feebly 
shining; antennas, legs and under surface reddish- 
brown. Clypeus and front very densely and finely 
punctate, the notch minute, not more than one-third 
the' depth of that of vespertina ; frontal suture viewed 
from the side, with a distinct transverse raised line 
or carina ; front with a longitudinal carina connect- 
ing that of suture with hind margin of head. Thorax 
two-thirds wider than long sides nearly straight, feebly 
curved on apical third, hind angles rectangular; disk 
densely and finely punctate at middle and on sides, 
more sparsely and coarsely near front and hind mar- 
gins and in a space near front angles, a very small smooth area near the 
middle. Elytra less deeply sulcate than in vespertina, the grooves broader, 
each with two or three irregular rows of finer, more or less confluent punc- 
tures. Meta sternum, hind coxal plates and first five segments of abdomen 
coarsely and rather sparsely punctate ; sixth ventral segment smooth". Length 
8-10 mm. (Fig. 372.) 

Described from eight specimens taken in Fountain, Marion, 
Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties. April 9-October 6. Taken 
from beneath bark of oak. Those taken on October 6 were in mud 
or dirt cells beneath deeply buried logs on wooded hillside in Yigo 
County, and were just emerging as imagoes. Probably confused 
with vespertina in most collections, but readily distinguished by the 
carinate suture of clypeus and close, irregular punctuation of tho- 
rax. The color in all specimens at hand is uniform and not vari- 
able as in vespertina or the next. 

1807 ( -). Serica intermixta sp. nov. 

Oblong, convex, smooth, shining. Dull brownish-yellow, sometimes 
chestnut-brown or even black. Clypeus longer than in vespertina, the notch 
smaller, one-half as deep ; surface finely and sparsely punctate ; front more 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax more convex than in vespertina, 
sides feebly curved, surface finely and rather sparsely but evenly punctate. 
Elytra moderately deeply sulcate, the grooves each with two or three irregu- 
lar rows of rounded, more or less confluent punctures ; intervals subcon- 
vex, sparsely punctured, the punctures as large as those of the grooves. 
Length 7.5-9.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Marion, Lawrence and Jennings counties; frequent. 
April 12-June 26. Occurs beneath bark. Specimens just emerg- 
ing as imagoes were taken in Vigo County on April 12 and in Lake 



958 



FA M r LY L. SCAB AB,E L DM. 



on May 13. The longer, more finely and less roughly punctured 
clypeus, with shallow notch, distinguishes this species from vesper- 
Una. LeConte's texana is a smaller, paler form, with the notch 
and surface of the clypeus nearly as in vespertina. 

8. tricolor Say, is a species of wide distribution which should 
occur in southern Indiana; S. tristis Lee, length 8 mm., was de- 
scribed from Lake Superior and may occur in the northern third of 
the State. 

1808 (5681). Serica sericea 111., Mag. fur Insect., V, 1S05, 75. 

Oblong, convex, nearly parallel, male ; broader behind, female. Pur- 
plish-brawn or piceous, strongly iridescent. Clypeus feebly emarginate, its 
margin rather strongly refiexed ; surface densely and roughly punctate; 
vertex finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, 
sides feebly rounded ; surface finely, sparsely and shallowly punctate. Ely- 
tra of male rather deeply, of female more shallowly, sulcate, the grooves 
with fine, irregular punctures ; intervals convex, male, subconvex, female, 
sparsely punctate. Length 8-9.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 20-July 12. Occurs 
beneath shelter of various kinds ; hibernates in pupal stage beneath 
partly buried logs. 

1809 (5689). Serica trogiformis Uhler, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 415. 

Ovate, convex, nearly smooth, feebly shining. Head, thorax and under 
surface black or piceous ; elytra reddish-brown, the sides margined with 
piceous; sometimes wholly piceous; antenna?, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. 
Clypeus feebly emarginate, densely and coarsely punctate. Thorax convex, 
sides slightly rounded, disk coarsely and rather densely punctured, with a 
median impression on basal half. Elytra feebly sulcate, the grooves sparsely 
punctured ; intervals subconvex, very sparsely punctured. Length 5-6 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. April 25. One specimen beaten from 
wild rose bushes in woods. A southern form described from Bal- 
timore. 

XXIII. Lachnosterna Hope. 1837. (Gr., "wool + breast.") 

A large genus of robust, pale reddish- or yellowish-brown to 
piceous beetles, familiarly knoAvn as "May beetles" or "June 
bugs." They have the front coxa^ transverse not prominent, but 
contained entirely in the coxal cavities ; ventral segments six, firmly 
united yet with sutures visible; the tarsal claws never serrate, but 
with a single tooth beneath. All the species have long and numer- 
ous, often very dense, hairs on the meso- and metasterna, hence the 



THE LAM ELL I CO RN BEETLES. 



959 



wool" and "breast. 



They 




Fig. 373. Lachnostema fusca Froh. 1. pupa, in its earthen cell; 2, 
larva; 3. 4, beetle, side and back views. (After Riley.) 



generic name Lachnostema, meaning 
are abundant every- 
where in early summer, 
hiding by day and be- 
ginning to fly at dusk, 
when they settle upon 
the foliage of low shrubs 
and trees, especially 
those of lawns and other 
grass-covered areas, to 
which they often do 
much damage by de- 
vouring the leaves. The 
best method of collect- 
ing them is to go out 
with lantern and um- 
brella just after dusk 
and beat the branches 

upon which they are feeding. In this way hundreds or even thou- 
sands can be collected in a single evening. If the damage to shrubs 
or small trees is too great the beetles may be easily gathered by 
shaking them onto sheets. 

The larvae of the May beetles are those large, bulky forms com- 
monly known as ' ' white grubs. ' ' (Fig. 373. ) They often do much 
damage to the roots of grass, corn and allied plants. Lawns and 
strawberry beds are sometimes wholly ruined, the grubs gnawing 
off every root at a certain depth. Living as they do, underground, 
they are very difficult to combat. If the field is badly infested ani 
not in cultivation, hogs may be turned in to root them out, as they 
are very fond of the grubs. Fall plowing turns out pupse and re- 
cently matured beetles and greatly lessens the damage to corn and 
other crops the ensuing year. In lawns and small areas of grass 
lands a kerosene emulsion, washed down by an abundance of water, 
often destroys many of the larvae. 

On account of the great similarity in form, color and size, the 
May beetles are difficult to determine, and for a long time were 
often jumbled together in collections without specific names. How- 
ever, Dr. Horn, in his Revision, furnished tables by which, with a 
little patience and close observation, the males can be readily recog- 
nized. The females are more difficult and can only be determined 
by careful comparison with the males, which they most resemble. 

[61—23402] . „ 



960 FAMILY L. SCA RAB/EID2E. 

or with which they are found in company. The two sexes may be 
distinguished by the male being' the less robust, less widened be- 
hind and less convex; and in our species by having the antennae 
usually longer and the club distinctly longer than in the female, 
except in crenulata and albiha. In most males the abdomen is more 
or less flattened and the last two ventral segments are more or less 
modified, the next to the last often bearing a transverse "ventral 
ridge," and the last segment a hollow depression or concavity. 

The sexual organs have been shown by Smith (Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., loo. cit. ) to possess a certain and ^invariable form in each 
species, and in the future they will doubtless be largely relied upon 
to furnish distinguishing characters. In fresh or relaxed speci- 
mens they can be easily pressed out by squeezing the abdomen, or 
removed by a pair of forceps. The name "clasper" has been given 
to the horn-like organ whose variations form the specific differences 
in the male, while those of the female consist of a pair of broad 
"inferior plates." above which are a pair of "superior plates," 
generally smaller, narrower and much more variable than those 
below. When the organs are most fully developed the superior 
plates are notched at their point of union and are surmounted by a 
"pubic process" very variable in shape in the species and there- 
fore furnishing important distinguishing characters. In the fig- 
ures of these sexual organs in the plates which follow, the letters 
throughout have the same meaning, viz. : a, claspers of male from 
front or above; 5, right clasper; c, left clasper; d, female organs; 
e, ventral characters of male. These are always subl ottered as fol- 
lows : i, inferior plates ; s, superior plates ; p, pubic process. 

The spurs of the hind tibia? of the males are also much used in 
classification. In one division the two spurs are both free or mov- 
able, being united to the tibiae by a membranous hinge, and usually 
inclined at an angle, as they are in all females. In the other and 
larger division the inner spur is a fixed prolongation or part of the 
edge of the tibiae itself. A little practice will soon enable the be- 
ginner to readily see the rigidity or fixedness of the inner spur, 
without attempting to move it, 

Much care must be taken in counting the joints of the antennae, 
which are either nine or ten in number. The club is always com- 
posed of three elongate joints, resting at right angles to the others. 
(Fig. 4, No. 15.) Joint 7 or 6, as the case may be, is very thin, 
triangular in form and closely appressed against the base of the 
inner joint of the club, and is therefore liable to be overlooked, 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



901 



Moreover, specimens which normally have 10-jointed antennae, some- 
times, but rarely, have two of the joints united, so that the number 
is reduced to nine. The 9-jointed species, however, never have the 
number of joints increased to ten. 

In the papers by Drs. Horn and Smith, 93 species of Lachno- 
sterna are recognized from the United States. Of these 26 have 
been taken in Indiana, while nine others perhaps occur. Since the 
number of species is so large the genus is first divided into six 
groups, and these, in turn, into species. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA LACHNOSTERNA. 

a. Hind tibiae of male with one spur fixed. 

5. Fixed spur of hind tibiae of male very short ; form oblong or elongate, 

subcylindrical. Group A, p. 961. 

1>1). Fixed spur of hind tibiae of male at least moderately long; usually 
half or more as long as the other. 
c. Apex of hind tibiae of male with a distinct sinuation or notch on 
inner edge at base of fixed spur. Group B. p. 902. 

cc. Apex of hind tibiae of male squarely truncate. 
d. Antennae 10-jointed, 

e. Body above glabrous. Group C, p. 9G5. 

ee. Body' above pubescent. Group E, p. 970. 

del. Antennae 9-jointed; body sometimes hairy- Group D, p. 974. 
an. Hind tibiae of male with both spurs free and slender. Group F, p. 978. 

Group A. 

Our three species classed in this group are oblong or elongate 
and subcylindrical in form, pale brownish-yellow in hue, and have 
the inner spur of hind tibiae of male short or wanting, the outer 
long and slender. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Antennae 10-jointed ; clypeus feebly emarginate. 

6. Inner spur of hind tibiae of male distinct. 1810. ephilida. 
&&. Inner spur of hind tibiae of male wholly absent; form more slender. 

glaberrima. 

aa. Antennae 9-jointed; clypeus deeply emarginate. 1S11. longitarsis. 

1810 (5749). Lachnosterna ephilida Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
V, 1825, 190 ; ibid. II, 298. 
Moderately elongate, subcylindrical. Pale brownish-yellow, shining : 
head and thorax darker. Clypeus broadly rounded or very feebly emargi- 
nate, coarsely but less densely punctured than the front, the border re- 
flexed. Thorax short, narrowed in front, rather coarsely, not closely punc- 
tate. Elytra more coarsely and deeply punctured, the submarginal costa 



962 



FAMILY L. — SC ABAByEIMl. 



obsolete. Metasternum closely punctate, the hair sparse and long. Tarsal 
claws with a strong median tooth. Male with antennal club a little shorter 
than stem; the next to last ventral segment feebly and broadly emarginate, 
the last one more deeply emarginate and abruptly concave ; both roughened 
or granulate in front of the emarginations. Length 14-18 mm. (Plate I, 
fig. 377.) 

Clark County ; rare. Jul} 7 22. A species of southern range. 

L. glaberrimd Blanch., length 13-15 mm., is known from Illinois, 
New York and southward. 

1811 (5744). Lachnosteena longitaesis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1824, 241 ; ibid. II, 141. 

Elongate, slender, subcylmdrical. Pale straw yellow ; front of head 
piceous. Clypeus concave, coarsely and very sparsely punctured ; front 
coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax short, strongly curved in front 
of middle, margin entire, surface somewhat irregular, rather coarsely, shal- 
lowly and closely punctate. Elytra coarsely and shallowly punctured, the 
submarginal costa rather well defined. Metasternum closely but indistinctly 
punctate, the hairs rather long, sparse. Male with antennal club a little 
longer than stem ; abdomen slightly flattened at middle, last segment irregu- 
larly concave. Length 10.5-13 mm. (Plate I, fig. 379.) 

Vigo County; rare. July 28. One specimen in Wolcott collec- 
tion taken at light in the city of Terre Haute. A western form 
whose range is given as Illinois to Kansas, Montana and southward. 

Geoup B. 

The essential characters of this group are the sinuation of the 
apex of the hind tibige, together with the more or less emarginate 
clypeus and the 10-jointed antennae. The inner spur of the hind 
tibiae is long, fixed and usually more or less curved or contorted. 
Three species ascribed to the group have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEOUP B. 

a. Form slender, subcylindrical ; color pale reddish- or brownish-yellow ; 
tooth of tarsal claws small, placed slightly below the middle. 

1812. GEACXLIS. 

aa. Form oblong-oval, more or less robust; color reddish-yellow to dark 
brown ; tooth of claws strong. 
/). Inner spur of hind tibia; of male curved at middle and angularly 
bent at tip ; color pale chestnut brown ; length 12-16 mm. 

1813. GIBBOSA. 

l)b. Inner spur not angularly bent, usually nearly as long as the outer 
spur ; color dark reddish or chestnut brown, the surface more or 
less hoary or pruinose: 1S14. pbunina. 



Plate I. 




Fig. 378. Fig. 382. 



Sexual Organs o? Lachnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. S. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI, 1888.) 

F"g. 376, L. gibbosa (4 ags.); Fig. 377, L. ephilida (3 figs.); Fig. 378 L. prunina (4 figs.); Fig. 379, I. longi- 
tarsis (2 tigs.); Fig. 380 L. graci/is (3 fig-.); Fig. 381, L. tristis (2 figs.); Fig. 382, L. micans (3 figs). 



9G4 



FAMILY L. S OA R AB2EID2E. 



1812 ( ). Lachnosteena gracilis Burm.. Handb. Entorfl.. IV. 1855, 361. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Pale reddish-yellow, thorax somewhat darker ; 
head fuscous or piceous. Clypeus short, broadly, not deeply emarginate, 
rather closely, not coarsely punctate. Antennal joints either 9 or 10 in 
number. Thorax short, sides strongly curved in front of middle, nearly 
straight behind, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra 
more coarsely and closely punctate than thorax, the costal almost obsolete. 
Metasternum sparsely punctured, the hairs short and sparse. Male with 
antennal club as long as stem ; abdomen slightly flattened, fifth segment 
sloping downward, last segment feebly concave. Length 10.5-13 mm. (Plate 
I, fig. 380.) 

One specimen taken by Wolcott near Hessville, Lake County. 
July 25. Occurs from Canada to North Carolina and Texas. 



1813 (- 



). Lachnosteena gibbosa Burm.. Handb. Ent.. IV, 1855, 324. 




Oblong, convex,, slightly broader 
behind. Pale chestnut or dark red- 
dish-brown, smooth, moderately 
shining. Clypeus very feebly emar- 
ginate, more deeply in female, both 
it and the front rather Sparsely and 
coarsely punctured. Thorax rather 
short and convex, margin slightly 
crenate, ciliate with long hairs; 
disk coarsely and rather sparsely 
punctate, usually with a smooth me- 
dian space. Elytral punctures as 
coarse as those of thorax ; the sub- 
marginal costa faintly visible on ap- 
ical half. Metasternum densely Fig. 37i 
punctured, the hair long and close. 
Male with antennal club a little 
shorter than stem ; abdomen broadly impressed, fifth segment feebly eon- 
vex- and granulate at middle, last segment deeply concave ; inner spur of 
hind tibiae somewhat S-shaped. Length 12-16 mm. (Fig. 374 and PI. I. 
fig. 376.) 

Common in the southern half of State; much less so in the 
northern portion. April 3- August 22. Specimens on April 3 and 
April 12 were taken beneath cover and had just emerged as imagoes. 
Others were taken at light on April 18th and 19th. Readily known 
by the pale color, long cilia? of thorax and peculiar inner hind tibial 
spur of male. L. futilis Lee. of the Henshaw Catalogue, is the male 
of gibbosa and L. serricornis Lee. the female. 



/ MM 



X 2. a, ventral characters of male; b, apex o 
hind tibia of male, showing the form of spurs. 
(After Forbes.) 



THE LAMELLTCORN BEETLES. 



965 



1S14 (5773). Lachxosterxa prumina Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III. 1S56. 251. 

Oblong-ovate, moderately robust. Dark reddish- or chestnut-brown to 
pieeous, the surface usually with a purplish or hoary coating. Clypeus 
broadly emarginate. densely punctured, the front more coarsely and roughly 
punctured. Thorax with margin serrate, sparsely ciliate : disk with very 
coarse, closely placed punctures, dense near the front angles, the median 
line usually smooth. Elytral punctures fine, indistinct, sparsely placed ; all 
the costa? moderately distinct. Meta sternum densely punctured, the hair 
long and dense, male: sparser and much shorter, female. Male with an- 
tennal club a little longer than the funicle; abdomen flattened at middle, 
fifth segment with a strongly elevated, rugose ridge behind which the seg- 
ment is rather deeply impressed; last segment irregularly concave, with 
small granulations. Length 17-21 mm. (PI. I, fig. 378.) 

Lake and Vigo counties ; scarce. June 7-August 11. A num- 
ber of specimens have been taken along; the beach of Lake Michigan. 
Said to occur on raspberry bushes. Ranges from Ohio and Michi- 
gan to Kansas and Texas. 

Gboup C. 

To this group belong a number of our best known and most com- 
mon species. All agree in having the body not pubescent above, 
usually shining,' rarely pruinose or iridescent: antennae lO-jointed; 
clypeus usually emarginate ; hind tibia? truncate at apex, without 
trace of sinuation at the base of the fixed spur, this spur usually 
long and straight. Twelve species have been taken in the State, 
while four others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Clypeus not densely punctured, its margin moderately reflexed. feebly 
emarginate; side margins of thorax not serrate, disk never very 
coarsely punctured. 
h. Last ventral segment of male with a distinct cup-shaped depression : 
fifth segment with a very feeble transverse ridge near the hind 
border ; form short and robust ; color pale chestnut brown. 

CBASSISSIMA. 

yob. Last ventral segment of male without any well defined concavity: 
clypeus distinctly emarginate. 
c. Fifth ventral segment of male with a semicircular, slightly rugu- 
lose depression, without a transverse ridge. 1S15. ixversa. 

cc. Fifth ventral segment of male with a transverse, more or less 
sinuous ridge in front of the hind margin of the segment. 
d. Surface with a conspicuous hoary or pruinose coating. 

1S16. MICANS. 

(hi. Surface not at all pruinose. 



966 



FAMILY L. SCARABiEIDzE. 



e. Form oblong, depressed ; punctuation of thorax and elytra rela- 
tively very coarse. diffinis. 
ee. Form larger, more robust; punctuation not conspicuously 
coarse. 

/. Fixed spur of hind tibiae of male long, feebly curved, and 
with a slight hook at tip. 1817. vehemens. 

//. Fixed spur of hind tibise of male moderate in length and 
straight. 

g. Ventral ridge of fifth segment of male more or less curved. 
h. Ventral ridge with the ends only overhanging behind, 
the curve but slight, the middle of the ridge lower and 
sloping gradually downward behind ; last ventral seg- 
ment of female not emarginate. 1818. fusca. 
Till. Ventral ridge overhanging its full length behind, shorter 
and more decidedly curved; last ventral segment of 
female emarginate. 
i. Ends of ventral ridge at the extreme hind margin of 
the fifth segment and somewhat overhanging the last 
segment. 1819. aecuata. 
it. Ends of ventral ridge at some distance from the hind 
margin of the fifth segment, 1820. dubia. 
gg. Ventral ridge straight, not overhanging behind. 

1821. GRAXDIS. 

aa. Clypeus densely punctured, its margin narrowly reflexed, rather deeply 
emarginate ; side margins of thorax more or less serrate. 
j. Thorax not angulate at the sides, usually broader at base than mid- 
dle. 

k. Submarginal costa of elytra well marked, reaching very nearly the 
humeral prominence; thorax with scattered coarse punctures and 
smooth spaces of variable size. 1822. marginalis. 

kk. Submarginal costa very feeble, visible only on apical third. 

/. Antennal club of male nearly a third longer than the entire stem : 
last ventral without a deep cup-shaped impression. spreta. 
II. Antennal club of male very little longer than the funicle ; last 
ventral with a deep impression. 
m. Thorax rather evenly punctured, its margin not distinctly ere- 
mite ; fifth ventral segment of male impressed at middle and 
slightly granulate, with a feebly oblique ridge each side. 

1823. FRATERNA. 

mm. Thorax sparsely and very irregularly punctured, with large 
smooth spaces near the center, its margin distinct^ crenate ; 
fifth ventral segment of male with a distinct curved granu- 
late ridge, behind which the segment is deeply impressed. 

1824. NOVA. 

jj. Thorax angulate at the sides, broader at middle than base. 

n. Thorax densely and confluently punctured and with an elevated 
smooth median line ; elytra! costae feeble but distinct. 

KNOCHII. 



THE LAMELLICOHN BEETLES. 



nn. Thorax less densely and not continently punctured, without an ele- 
vated median line. 
o. Fifth ventral of male deeply concave and granulate behind the 
middle, with an oblique ridge each side; thorax coarsely and 
rather closely punctate, the median line smooth. 

1825. RUGOSA. 

oo. Fifth ventral of male with a strongly elevated, overhanging 
curved ridge, sometimes divided at middle; thorax more finely 
and irregularly punctured, having smooth spaces but no smooth 
median line. 1820. hornti. 

L. crassissima Blanch., length 15-21 mm., is known from New 
York, Illinois, Kansas and Texas. 

1815 (10,235). Lachnosterna inversa Horn, Trans. Ainer." Ent. Soc, XIV, 

1887, 241. 

Oblong-oval, scarcely broader behind. Reddish- or chestnut-brown, mod- 
erately shining. Clypeus feebly emarginate, rather closely punctate. Tho- 
rax with sides nearly parallel behind, slightly curved in front of middle, 
margin entire, sparsely ciliate; surface with moderately coarse punctures 
not closely placed. Elytral punctures more closely placed than those of 
thorax, distinctly rugulose along the middle; discal and submarginal costa? 
very feeble. Male with antennal club nearly as long as the stem ; last ven- 
tral segment broadly and transversely impressed ; inner spur of hind tibia? 
broad, short and obtuse. Length 15-18 mm. (PL II, fig. 383.) 

Vigo and Knox counties; scarce. May 9-May 29. Taken at 
electric light. Resembles fusca but shorter, more slender and with 
the elytra more distinctly rugulose or wrinkled; the male ventral 
characters also widely different. 

1816 (5761). Lachnosterna micans Knoch., New Beytr., 1801, 77. 

Oblong, slightly broader behind. Brownish-black, surface with a hoary 
coating. Clypeus concave, very slightly emarginate, its surface rather 
coarsely, not closely punctate. Thorax with margins entire or nearly so ; 
surface rather coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctured, the median line 
smoother. Elytra punctured similarly to thorax. Metasternum densely 
punctured, the hair rather long and dense. Male with antennal club shorter 
than stem; fifth ventral with a feebly elevated curved ridge at middle; last 
segment irregularly concave ; inner spur of hind tibije half the length of 
outer, slender and slightly curved outwardly. Length 15-17 mm. (PI. I. 
fig. 382.) 

Monroe, Lawrence, Gibson and Perry counties; frequent. May 
16-June 21. One of our smaller species, easily known by the hoary 
coating. When this is removed the color is dark reddish-brown. 



968 



"FAMILY L. SCARABVEILVE. 



L. diffinis Blanch., dark reddish-brown, length 15 mm., is a 
southern species which has been taken near Cincinnati. 

1817 (10,237). Lachnostekna vehemens Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
XIV, 1887, 244. 

Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, strongly 
shining. Clypeus very slightly emarginate, somewhat concave, its surface 
rather finely, not closely punctate. Thorax narrowed toward base, its sides 
behind middle nearly straight, curved in front ; margin entire with short 
ciliae; disk relatively finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral punctures in- 
distinct except at base and sides, rugulose at middle ; submarginal costa 
well developed. Male with antennal club shorter than stem ; fifth segment 
with a curved ridge overhanging or projecting in the manner of a ledge, 
except at middle ; last segment broadly and transversely impressed, its apex 
broadly emarginate ; hind femora broadly angulate at middle. Length 21.5- 
23 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 394.) 

Vigo and Knox counties ; scarce. April 16-May 1. Specimens 
which had just emerged were taken on the two dates named. It 
occurs more commonly in damp localities and is one of our largest 
species. 

ISIS (5757). Lachnostekna eusca Froh., Naturforscher, 1792, 99. 

Oblong, robust. Light to dark chestnut brown or piceous, shining. Cly- 
peus slightly emarginate, its surface rather finely and closely punctate; 
front a little more coarsely and less closely punctate. Thorax always 
widest at base, usually feebly curved from middle to apex; margin entire, 
with short cilia? ; surface never very closely or coarsely punctate, usually 
with a smooth median line. Elytra more closely punctate than thorax, the 
submarginal costa distinct on basal half. Metasternum densely punctured, 
the hair long and dense. Male with antennal club as long as or slightly 
longer than stem ; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment as de- 
scribed in key; last ventral feebly concave. Pubic process of female a 
single cylindrical rod, terminating in an obtuse point. Length 17.5-21 mm. 
(PI. Ill, fig. 391 ; pi. IV, fig. 398.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 25-June 19. Our most 
abundant and injurious member of the genus, occurring by thou- 
sands at electric lights during its season. As usually known, and 
as described by Horn, several species were confused which were 
afterward separated by John B. Smith in the papers, loc. cit. All 
of these have the thorax rather finely and sparsely punctate. The 
form fusca is^generally smaller than these species, except arcuata, 
and in the male the ventral ridge is lower in the middle than on 
either side. The female is readily distinguished from its allies by 
not having the last ventral segment emarginate. 



Plate II 




Fig. 387. Fig. 388. 

Sexual Organs of Lachnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. S. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI, 1888.) 

. 383, L. inversa (5 figs.); Fig. 384. L. bulla (4 figs.); Fig, 385, L. fraterna (6 figs.); Fig. 3S6, L. niarginalis 
(4 figs.); Fig. 387, L. nova (4 figs.); Fig. 388, L. crenulatu (3 figs.). 



970 



FAMILY L. SOAEABJ5ID2E. 



1819 (10,238). Lachnosterna arcuata Smith, Insect Life, I, 1888, 183. 
Resembles fusca in form, size and color. The males can be easily sep- 
arated by the ventral characters, the ridge of the fifth segment being very 
much curved, very much overhanging, the ends reaching the apical margin 
of the segment, while the arch, combined with the depression of the last 
segment, forms a perfect oval. The space included by the arch of the ridge 
is smooth, in dulria it is punctured. The females are distinguished from 
those of fusca by having the last ventral segment emarginate. From those 
of duMa they can be known only by the genital structure, the "superior 
plates" being large and quadrate, while those of duMa are narrow and 
linear. (PI. Ill, fig. 389.) 

Porter, Monroe and Posey counties; scarce. May 13-June 29. 

1820 (10,240). Lachnosterna dubia Smith, loc. cit, p. 183. 
Resembles fusca in all outward appearance, the ventral characters of 

the male alone separating that sex, The ventral ridge is decidedly less 
curved than in arcuata and more curved and in every way more distinctly 
marked than in fusca, overhanging or projecting like a ledge behind for its 
full length. Female with the pubic process broad, stout and forked at apex, 
as in arcuata, but twice as long as there, the branches broad, somewhat 
flattened and obliquely truncate; the superior plates narrow and linear. 
Length 17.5-23 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 390.) 

Lake, Kosciusko, Vigo and Crawford counties; frequent. May 
10-June 19. Probably throughout the State. The clypeus is more 
distinctly emarginate than in fusca. 

1821 (10,241). Lachnosterna gkandis Smith, loc. cit, p. 181. 
Resembles fusca, but usually larger and more robust. Sides of thorax 

more subangulate before the middle and upper surface much smoother, the 
carina? of elytra being less distinct and the punctures finer, so that it has a 
glossy or satiny appearance. Male with ventral ridge without a perceptible 
curve, not overhanging; last ventral granulate-punctate. Female with last 
segment emarginate and the middle of abdomen, especially toward the base, 
distinctly punctate; pubic process deeply forked, the branches much more 
slender than in the two preceding species. Length 21-23 mm. (PI. V, 
fig. 400.) 

Steuben, Putnam and Vigo counties ; scarce. April 18-June 16. 

1822 (5771). Lachnosterna marginalts Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VII, 1856, 250. 

Oblong, rather slender, slightly broader behind. Reddish- or chestnut- 
brown to piceous, shining. Clypeus moderately emarginate, its surface 
deeply and rather coarsely, the front more coarsely punctured. Thorax 
broadest at base, sides curved from middle to apex, margin slightly irregu- 
lar, with short cilia?; surface very coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tured, with large smooth places on each side slightly in front of middle. 
Elytral punctures rather fine and moderately close, the costae distinct, but 
narrow and feebly elevated. Male with antenna! club a little longer than 



Plate III 




Fig. 391. Fig. 391. 



Sexual Organs of Lachnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. S. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI 1S8S.) 



Fig. 389. L. arcuata (5 figs.); Fig. 390, L. dubia (5 figs.); Fig. 391. L. fusca (5 figs.); Fig. 392, L. delata 
(3 figs.); Fig. 393, L. dlbina (1 fig.); Fig. 394. L. vehement? (4 figs.). 



972 



FAMILY L. SCAEAB^IDJE. 



stem; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment with a semicircular 
rugnlose elevation in front of a rather deep, smooth depression; last seg- 
ment vaguely and transversely impressed. Female with pubic process long, 
deeply forked, the branches truncate at tip. Length 16-20 mm. (PI. II, 
fig. 386.) 

Lake, Porter, Putnam and Perry counties; scarce. April 22- 
July 16. Ranges from New York to Illinois and southward. The 
more slender, oblong body, distinct submarginal costa and coarsely 
and irregularly punctured thorax should readily distinguish this 
species. 

L. spreta Horn, oblong, chestnut-brown or fuscous, length 16.5- 
18 mm., is a rare species described from Maryland and Iowa. 

1823 (5767). Lachnosterna fratebna Harr., Insects Injur, to Yeg., 1841, 29. 

Oblong, scarcely broader behind. Reddish-brown, fuscous or piceous, 
shining. Clypeus broadly emarginate, its surface densely punctured; front 
more coarsely and less densely punctured. Thorax gradually narrowed 
from base to apex, sides feebly curved, margin entire or slightly irregular ; 
surface rather coarsely and evenly punctured, a narrow median line smooth. 
Elytral punctures finer and more dense than those of thorax, somewhat 
rugulose on the sides ; the costse- usually very feeble. Metasternum densely 
punctured, the hair not long or dense. Male with antennal club equal to or 
slightly longer than the funicle ; abdomen feebly flattened at middle, ventral 
ridge as described in key ; last segment deeply concave and smooth. Female 
with pubic process long, somewhat flattened, expanded at base, the superior 
plates wholly lacking. Length 15-18 mm. (PI. II, fig. 385.) 

Crawford County; rare. May 21. "Will probably be found to 
occur throughout the southern third of State. 

1S24 (10,247). Lachnosterna nova Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 18SS, 
509. 

Oblong, slightly broader behind. Chestnut-brown, shining. Clypeus 
moderately emarginate, its surface densely and coarsely punctured; front 
less densely so. Thorax as in f rater na, except as mentioned in key. Ely- 
tral punctures finer and much more closely placed than those of thorax, the 
costse feeble but evident. Male ventral surface as in fraterna except as 
noted in key; the claspers not more than half as large and quite different in 
structure. (See plate.) Length 14-18 mm. (PI. II. fig. 387.) 

Vigo and Lawrence counties; rare. April 25-July 29. The 
male is easily distinguished from fraterna by the distinct curved 
ventral ridge. 

L. knockii Gyll., elongate-oval, reddish-brown to piceous, length 
21.5-23.5 mm., is said to occur from Massachusetts to Georgia. 

1825 (5774). Lachnosterna rugosa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 140. 

Oblong, rather robust, broader behind. Dark reddish- or chestnut- 
brown to piceous, shining. Clypeus acutely and rather deeply emarginate, 



Plate IV. 




Fig. 397. Fig. 399. 

Sexual Organs of Lachnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. S. Nat'l Museum. Vol. XI, 18S8; Fits S97 and 

398 after Forbes.) 

Fig. 395, L. hornii (4 figs.); Fig. 396, L. implicita (4 figs.); Figs. 397 and 399, L. rugosa (6 figs.); Fig. 398' 

L. fusca (2 figs.). 



974 



FAMILY L . SCARABiEIDiE . 



densely and moderately coarsely punctate; front more coarsely punctate. 
Thorax widest at middle, obtusely angulate, distinctly narrowed at base; 
margin crenate, sparsely ciliate, punctured as described in key. Elytral 
punctures finer than those of thorax, very dense, rugulose near the suture ; 
submarginal costa distinct on apical half. Hair of metasternum long and 
dense, male, very short, female. Male with antennal club a little longer 
than stem ; fifth ventral deeply and transversely depressed behind the mid- 
dle, with an oblique, elevation each side of the concavity; last ventral con- 
cave, smooth, the apex broadly and triangularly emarginate, the notch filled 
by a membrane. Length 18-22 mm. (PL IV, figs. 307, 399; pi. V, fig. 404, 
larva.) 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 19-October 15. Smaller 
and usually paler than the next species. 

1826 (10,252). Lachnostebna hobnii Smith, Entoin. Amer., V, 1889, 95. 

Oblong-oval, robust, not broader behind. Deep blackish-brown or pic- 
eous, shining. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate, more acutely in female, 
its surface coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax distinctly narrower in 
front, the sides obtusely angulate, widest just behind the middle, thence nar- 
rowed to base, margin feebly crenate. surface punctured as described in key. 
Elytral punctures finer, much more dense, somewhat rugulose, the costie 
narrow but distinct. Male with antennal club slightly longer than f unicle ; 
last ventral with a quadrate punctured impression, the hind margin with a 
small, deep notch; fixed spur short, less than half the length of outer. 
Length 19-21 mm. (PL IV, fig. 395.) 

Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May 1-June 
19. A species of southern range. Near Wyandotte Cave it was 
locally common on May 17, beneath logs on wooded slopes. Known 
from Tennessee, Ohio and Virginia. 

Geotjp D. 

Small or medium-sized species having the antennas nine- jointed ;- 
clypeus emarginate ; inner spur of hind tibias of male fixed and at 
least half as long as the outer one. Three species have been taken 
in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GBOUP D. 

a. Body with erect hairs rather sparsely placed ; form moderately elongate, 
the sides parallel. 

6. Inner spur of hind tibiae of male distinctly shorter and stouter than 
the outer one. hiesuta. 
lib. Inner spur of hind tibife of male fully as long and scarcely stronger 
than the outer ; elytra with distinct lines of longer hair. 

longispina. 

ua. Body above entirely glabrous, with the exception of erect hairs on the 
head. 



THE LAMELTjICORN BEETLES. 



975 



c. Form more or iess ovate; front without erect hairs; lasl ventral of 
male convex; fifth ventral concave, with a short oblique ridge each 
si( j ei 1827. IMPLICITA. 

cc. Form more elongate, parallel; front with erect hairs. 

d. Last segment of male with a cup-shaped impression ; clypeus broad- 
ly not deeply emarginate; pubic process of female slender and 
bifid at tip. 1828. balia. 

dd, Last segment of male broadly and shallowly concave, with a longi- 
tudinal impression at middle; clypeus deeply emarginate; pubic 
process of female bifid but short, broad and stout. 

1829. VILLIFRONS. 

L. Urmia Knoch, reddish-brown to piceous, length 15-18 mm., 
and L. longispina Smith, reddish-brown, margins of thorax crenu- 
late, length 17 mm., are both known from Michigan. 

1S27 (10,255). Lachnosterna implicita Horn, Trans. Ainer. Entom. Soc, 
XIV, 1887, 262. 

Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Elytra brown, head and thorax always 
darker, more nearly piceous, body beneath paler than above. Clypeus rather 
deeply and acutely emarginate, its surface closely and rather coarsely punc- 
tate. Thorax widest at middle, the margin feebly cremate, with short cilise; 
surface coarsely and regularly but not closely punctate, the median line 
usually smoother." Punctures of elytra more shallow and dense than those 
of thorax, somewhat rugose; coshe feeble, the submarginal more distinct. 
Male with antennal club longer than stem ; ventral characters as given in 
key. Length 14-17 mm. (PL IV, fig. 396.) 

Southern half of State, frequent ; Lake County, rare. May 6- 
June 9. Occurs abundantly at electric light in Vigo County. 
Readily distinguished from the next two by the broader form, 
difference in color and convex last ventral segment of male. 

1828 (5782). Lachnosterna balia Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1825, 194; ibid. II, 297. 
Oblong, slightly broader behind. Chestnut brown, moderately shining. 
Head coarsely and rather densely punctured ; front convex, with erect hairs. 
Thorax narrowed in front, widest at middle, very slightly narrowed behind, 
margin entire with rather long cilia?; surface coarsely, not closely and some- 
what irregularly punctured, usually with a smooth median space. Elytra 
more finely and rather densely and roughly punctured. Male with club of 
antenna? as long as stem ; abdomen broadly flattened at middle, the fifth 
segment with a curved transverse elevation in front of a slight concavity. 
Length 15-16 mm. (PI. II, fig. 384.) 

Southern and western portions of the State north to Fountain 
County ; frequent. April 18-May 27. Occurs beneath leaves along 
the borders of woods and also at electric light, 

[62—23402] 



976 



FA M ILY L . S CAE ABiETDJE . 



1829 (5783). Laciinostebna villifbons Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
VII, 1S56, 255. 

Oblong, moderately elongate. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining. 
Head coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax narrowed in front, sides 
regularly curved, margin not crenate and with short cilia? ; surface coarsely, 
deeply and sparsely punctured, often with large smooth spaces. Elytral 
punctures coarse and very dense, the discal costie indistinct. Male with an- 
tennal club as long as stem ; abdomen broadly flattened at middle, the fifth 
segment with a feeble curved elevation. Length 14.5-16 mm. (PI. V, fig 
402.) 

Posey County; scarce. April 15-May 10. Those on the earlier 
date were taken from beneath bark of oak stumps and logs. 

Gkoup E. 

All the members of this group are more or less hairy and have 
the antenna? 10-jointed, the club of male shorter than in the pre- 
ceding groups; elypeus emarginate; inner spur of hind tibia} of 
male fixed and rather long • claws armed with a strong median tooth. 
Three of the four known species have been taken in Indiana, while 
the other probably occurs. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GEOUP E. 

a. Basal margin of thorax with an impressed line reaching from hind an- 
gles nearly to middle ; sides of thorax not subangulate. 
6. Elytra with rows of erect hairs. 1830. hieticuia. 

bt>> Elytra with fine scattered suberect hairs. 1831. delata. 

a a. Basal margin of thorax without impressed line, the median line usually 
finely carinate ; sides subangulate. 
c. Surface of elytra more or less hoary or pruinose ; pubescence fine, uni- 
form and recumbent. 1832. ilicis. 
cg. Surface not pruinose ; elytra with rows of short erect hairs in addi- 
tion to the recumbent ones. gtltata 

1830 (5780). Lachnosteena hieticula Knoch., Neue Beytr., 1801, 79. 

Oblong, slightly broader behind. Reddish-brown to dark chestnut-brown, 
shining; head and thorax with erect hairs. Elytra with five lines of erect 
hairs along the usual costie. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate, surface 
coarsely and very densely punctured. Thorax narrower at apex, sides 
usually entire, with short ciliae ; surface with coarse, rather sparse variolate 
punctures. Elytra with much finer, rather dense, feebly impressed punc- 
tures, the margin fringed with long hairs. Male with antennal club a little 
longer than the funicle ; abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment more 
depressed behind the middle, with a short oblique ridge each side, sometimes 
with a well marked transverse ridge in front of middle. Length 16.5-19 mm. 
( PI. V, fig. 403. ) 

Throughout the State ; common in the southern counties, less so 
in the north. March 25-July 1. Those on the earlier date from 
beneath stones. Quite variable in form and size, but readily known 
by the lines of erect elytral hairs. 



Plate V. 




Fig. 402. Fig. 403. 

Sexual Organs of Lachnosterna. (After Smith in Proc. U. S. Nat'l Museum, Vol. XI, 1888; Fig. 404 after 

Forbes) . 



Fig. 400. L. grandis (5 figs.); Fig. 401, L. ilicis (3 figs.); Fig. 402, L. villifrons (4 figs.); Fig. 403, L. hirticula 

(4 figs.); Fig. 404, larva of L. rugosa. 



978 



FAMILY L . SCAR A BM I DM . 



1S31 (10,258). Lachnosterna delata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XIV, 
1887, 267. 

Oblong, slightly broader behind. Piceous brown, head and thorax more 
shining; sparsely clothed with short, semi-erect grayish hairs. Clypeus 
rather deeply and broadly emarginate, its surface densely and coarsely 
punctate. Thorax with margin subcrenate and ciliate ; surface with coarse, 
deep punctures not closely placed, each with a short, semi-erect hair. Ely- 
tra finely and rather closely punctate, the eostse indistinct. Male with ab- 
domen feebly flattened at middle, the fifth segment broadly and rather 
deeply depressed behind the middle, with an oblique fold each side; last seg- 
ment acutely notched at apex and with a shallow concavity marked with a 
longitudinal line. Length 15-17 mm.. (PI. Ill, fig. 392.) 

Orange County; rare. May 28. Two specimens taken at elec- 
tric light. Known only from Kentucky and Illinois. Resembles 
hirsuta but more oval, less hairy and with 10-jointed antenna?. 

1832 (5777). Lachnosterna ilicis Knoch., Neue Beytrage zur Insect, 
1801, 79. 

Oblong, slightly broader behind. Brown, more or less opaque ; head pic- 
eous ; elytra pruinose. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate, surface very 
densely and coarsely punctured. Thorax widest at middle, slightly nar- 
rowed at base, side margins crenate and ciliate; surface densely granulate- 
punctate, covered with a rather close, recumbent pubescence ; usually with 
a slightly elevated smooth median line. Elytra densely punctate and finely 
rugulose; discal costse indistinct, submarginal moderately distinct. Male 
with abdomen flattened at middle, the fifth segment broadly transversely 
impressed with an oblique ridge each side ; last segment irregularly concave, 
distinctly emarginate at apex. Length 19-23.5 mm. (PI. V, fig. 401.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 22-July 24. Our largest 
hairy species. 

L. ciliaia Lee, length 20-21.5 mm., is known from Wisconsin, 
Illinois, Missouri and Georgia. 

Group F. 

In this group the spurs of hind tibia? of male are both free, 
movable and slender. The species vary much in form and size and 
comprise the Indiana species of Groups XII, XV, and XVI of 
Horn. Three have been taken in the State, while two others per- 
haps occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP F. 

a. Antenme 10-jointed ; body more or less hairy. 

b, Clypeus more or less emarginate, extended on to the eye at base. 
c. Margin of thorax strongly crenate; pubescence of upper surface 
yellowish. 1833. crenulata. 

cc< Margin of thorax entire ; pubescence rather dense, white. 

1834. ALBINA. 



THE LAMELLiCOliX l'.KKTLKS. 



979 



bb. Clypeus entire, rather deeply concave, not extended on to the eye at 
base; elytra with abundant erect hair; color pale brownish- or 
reddish-yellow. 1835 - tbistis. 

aa. Antennas 9-jointed; hind angles of thorax distinct; clypens emarginate. 
d, Surface shining. inepta. 
del. Surface subopaque or iridescent. quercus. 

1833 (5789). Lachnosteena crenulata Frohl., Naturforscher, 1792, 94. 
Oblong, robust, very little wider behind. Brown, feebly shining, sur- 
face clothed with very short yellowish recumbent hairs, often with erect 
hairs intermingled. Clypeus feebly emarginate, surface coarsely and closely 
punctate, with short, erect hairs. Thorax with side margins coarsely ser- 
rate ; surface coarsely and rather densely punctate, with rather long, erect 
yellowish hairs and with the median smooth line interrupted. Elytral 
punctures much finer than those of thorax, evenly and rather closely placed ; 
submarginal costa? well marked and entire. Male with antennal club as 
long as funicle ; fifth ventral segment vaguely concave at middle ; hind tibia? 
with both spurs free. Length 17-20 mm. (PI. II, fig. 388.) 

Lake, Porter, Owen and Vigo counties ; frequent. Probably oc- 
curs throughout the State. May 7-June 29. A more narrow and 
parallel form than ilicis, with the hairs of thorax erect and not re- 
cumbent as there. 

1834 (5790) . Lachnosterna albina Burm., Handbuch Entoin.. IV. 1855, 328. 
Oblong-oval, distinctly broader behind. Brown, moderately shining. 

rather densely clothed with white hairs. Clypeus emarginate, densely punc- 
tured and with short, erect hairs, which become longer on the front. Tho- 
rax with sides obtusely angulate, the margins entire ; surface rather closely 
and coarsely punctate, without smooth median line. Elytra nearly as 
coarsely but less densely punctured than thorax; cost;e well marked, the 
whitish pubescence with a few erect hairs. Male with antennal club a lit- 
tle longer than the funicle; ventral segments slightly flattened at middle. 
Female with club distinctly shorter than funicle. Length 15-18 mm. (PI. 
Ill, fig. 393.) 

Marion County; scarce. May 22. Occurs on the flowers and 
leaves of the red haw, Crataegus, in low, open woods. A rare form, 
known only from Ohio, Indiana and Mississippi. Easily recognized 
by the conspicuous white pubescence of the surface. 

1835 (5796). Lachnosterna tristis Fab., Spec. Ins.. I, 1781, 39. 
Oblong-elongate, or slightly oval, a little broader be- 
hind. Light to dark, dull brownish-yellow, sparsely clothed 
with short, semi-erect hairs on elytra, with longer, erect 
yellowish hair on thorax and base of elytra. Clypeus en- 
tire, concave, coarsely and sparsely punctured, not pro- 
longed at sides on the eyes. Thorax with margins entire. 'J, 
fringed with long hairs, disk coarsely and rather closely < . 
punctured. Elytra evenly and rather closely punctured. J\ 
the costa? obsolete. Male with antennal club slightly ; 
longer than stem ; N abdomen flattened at middle; fifth seg- Fig. 375. x if. 
ment with a short, transverse acute ridge near the front (After Knobel.) 




980 



FAMILY L . S C A B ABM1BM . 



border; last segment with the front margin elevated and a ridge pro- 
longed backward at middle. Length 11.5-14.5 mm. (Fig. 375 and PI t 
fig. 381.) 

Throughout the State; common. April 8 June 9. Readily 
known by the small size, pale color and erect hairs of thorax, taken 
in connection with the other characters mentioned in key. 

L. inept a Horn, oblong, subcylindrical, reddish-yellow, length 15 
mm., was described from Ohio. L. guercus Knock, oblong, cylin- 
drical, reddish-yellow, head darker, elytra paler, length 14.5-16 
mm., occurs from the Middle States southward to Georgia. 

Subfamily III. PLEUROSTICTL 

The members of this subfamily are mainly distinguished by the 
position of the abdominal spiracles, the second pair being located in 
the membrane connecting the dorsal and ventral segments, the third 
on the outer limit of the membrane and the others in the upper or 
dorsal portion of the ventral segments. The last two pairs diverge 
strongly and are usually visible on the sides of the abdomen below 
the elytra, which do not cover the last dorsal segment or pygidium. 
They are more closely and heavily built insects than the Melolonthi- 
nse, and like them are. for the most part, vegetable feeders or "leaf 
chafers.*' The general color is lighter and often variegated; the 
antenna? 9- or 10-jointed, with the club three-jointed and rarely 
elongated in the males, and the ligula is always horn-like and firmly 
united with the mentum. For convenience the subfamily is sub- 
divided into three tribes, all of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO TKIBES OF PLEUKOSTICTI. 

a. Claws of the tarsi unequal in size, the inner one usually much more 
slender than the outer. Tribe I. Rutelixi. p. 980. 

a a. Claws of the tarsi equal in size. 

1). Front coxie transverse, not prominent: body above convex (except 
in Phileurus) . Tribe II. Dyxastixi. p. 98S. 

1)1). Front cox« conical, prominent: body above somewhat flattened or 
nearly level. Tribe III. Cetoniini. p. 995. 

Tribe I. RUTELINI. 

Oblong, convex, usually robust species, having the labrum short, 
horizontal and sinuate; mentum quadrate; scutellum usually 
rounded behind; tarsi short, with cylindrical joints; side pieces of 
metathorax narrow with the epimera visible. They live for the 
most part on the leaves of trees and vines and some of them are very 
injurious, especially to the foliage of the grape. 



THE LAMELIilCGRN BEETLES. 



981 



The following papers embrace the principal literature treating 
the North American genera : 

Horn. "Notes on the Species of Anomala inhabiting the United 

States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XI, 1884, 157-164. 
Horn. "Table of Species of the Genns Cotalpa," in Trans. 

Amer. Entom. Soc, III, 1871, 338. 
Wickham, H. F. — "The North American Species of Cotalpa," in 

Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, XIII. 1905, 1-4. 
Sclueffer, Chas. — "'Notes on some Species of the Genus Anomala 

with Descriptions of New Species," in Journ. N. Y. Entom. 

Soc, XIV, 1906. 1-5. 
Kid.— "New Searabadche, " Joe. cit, XV. 190/. 60-75. Tables 

of the XL S. species of the genera Anomala and Strigoderma 

are given on pages 69—73. 
The descriptions of the species of the other genera are scattered 
through various publications. Five of the seven genera of the tribe 
are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GEXEBA OF EUTELINI. 

a. Elytra with a -membranous margin: antennae 9-jointed; mandibles in 
repose not projecting beyond tbe clypeus. 
6, Elytra convex, not notched at base, shallowly striate and punctate; 

thorax not hairy. XXIV. Anomala. 

1,1). Elytra flattened, notched at base, deeply striate, not punctate; tho- 
rax hairy and sulcate or impressed. XXV. Strigoderma. 
aa. Elytra without membranous margin: antennae 10- jointed: mandibles 
more prominent, usually visible beyond the clypeus. 
c. Thorax with marginal line at base; color yellow or brownish-yellow. 
d. Clypeus without a suture between it and the front; elytra with 
black- spots. XXVI. Pelidnota. 
dd. Clypeus distinctly separated from the front : elytra without spots. 

XXVII. Cotalpa. 
cc. Thorax without a marginal line at base ; color dark brown. 

XXVIII. POLYMCECHUS. 

XXIV. Anomala SanioueUe. 1819.- (Gr., "unlike.") 

Small or medium convex forms, distinguished mainly by the 
characters given in key: The color is extremely variable, often 
ranging from dull yellow to black in the same species. In all but 
one of the Indiana species the outer or larger claws of the front and 
middle tarsi are distinctly cleft or divided for one-fourth or more of 
their length. About 20 are recognized from the United States. 7 of 
which have been taken in Indiana. 



982 



FAMILY L. SCARABiEIM. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANOMALA. 

a. Middle coxae narrowly separated and without a tubercle or protuber- 
ance between them ; basal marginal line of thorax present 
6. Outer or larger claw of front and middle tarsi very distinctly cleft 
at tip ; body beneath with only a few scattered hairs. 
c. Claw-bearing joint of front tarsi distinctly toothed on under side. 
cl. Thorax wholly reddish-yellow ; clypeus distinctly concave, the 
margin widely reflexed. 1836. flavipennis. 

dd. Thorax either bicolored or entirely piceous; clypeus flat, the 
margin narrowly reflexed. 
e. Larger, 10-11 mm. ; sides of clypeus nearly parallel. 

1837. binotata. 

ee. Smaller, not over 8 mm. ; sides of clypeus divergent behind the 
middle. 1838. INNUBA. 

cc. Claw-bearing joint of front tarsi not toothed on under side. 

f. Form elongate, parallel; thorax with disk dark, side margins 

P aler - 1839. TTNDULATA. 

ff. Form shorter, broader behind the middle ; thorax uniformly 
black or piceous. 1839a. var . dubia. 

66. Outer claw of front tarsus scarcely cleft, the small division being 
much below the tip; body beneath, including the legs, distinctly 
pubescent. 1840 . pubescens. 

aa. Middle coxa? more widely separated and with a distinct tubercle or 
prominence between them ; thorax without basal marginal line. 
g. Pygidium sparsely punctured, with little or no pubescence; size 
smaller, not over 10 mm. 1841. lucicola. 

gg, Pygidium rather densely punctured and distinctly pubescent; size 
larger, 11-15 mm. 1 842 . marginata. 

1836 (5830). Anomala flavipennis Burm., Handb. Ent, IV, 1855, 247. 
Oblong, moderately robust. Elytra pale dull yellow, with or without 

darker blotches; head, thorax and under surface reddish-yellow, the tho- 
rax sometimes with a faint metallic or greenish lustre. Thorax nearly 
twice as broad as long, sides regularly curved ; surface sparsely and rather 
finely punctured and with two or three small, irregular impressions on the 
sides. Elytra each with three or four indistinct costal, the intervals be- 
tween them broad and marked with several irregular rows of punctures. 
Pygidium rather coarsely punctured. Length 10-11 mm. 

Putnam and Vigo counties; scarce. June 2 9- July 5. Taken 
at light. Occurs in the Southern States, Putnam County being its 
most northern record. 

1837 (5831). Anomala binotata Gyll., Schonh. Syn. Ins., I, 1827, 106. 
Oblong, robust. Head, thorax and scutellum dark greenish-bronze, 

shining. Elytra dull yellow, the suture, narrow side margins, and usually 
a rounded spot and short subhumeral stripe, piceous ; legs and under sur- 
face piceous. Head rather densely and finely punctured. Thorax twice as 
broad as long, narrowed in front, sides curved; surface finely and sparsely 
punctured, somewhat more densely on sides. Elytra with rows of coarse 
punctures and three slightly elevated costse. Pygidium rather densely rugu- 
lose and with short hairs. Length 9.5-11.5 mm. 



THE LAMELLICGRN BEETLES. 



983 



Throughout the State; common. April 23-June 15. Occurs on 
foliage of various shrubs and at light. One specimen at hand has 
the elytra wholly piceous except a small space each side near the 
scutellum. 

1838 (5S33). Anomala innuba Fab., Mant Ins., I, 22. 

Oval, rather robust. Color very variable, usually dull yellow with the 
front, a large spot on thorax and one to three transverse rows of spots on 
elytra, piceous; sometimes wholly black or piceous, shining. Head rather 
densely and finely punctured; clypeus nearly semicircular in outline, the 
sides divergent behind the middle. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides 
curved; surface coarsely and rather deeply but not densely punctured. 
Elytra with rows of coarse, deep, closely placed punctures the rows near 
suture very irregular. Pygidium rugulose at base, smoother at apex. Claw 
joint of front tarsus distinctly toothed beneath when viewed from side. 
Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State : common, April 23-July 21. Occurs es- 
pecially on the flowers of wild rose and Jersey Tea and at electric 
light. Specimens occur in which the elytra are wholly pale, dull 
yellow. According to Dr. F. Ohaus, who examined the type of 
Fabricius, innuba is the species commonly listed as minuta Burm. 
Dr. Horn gave innuba as a doubtful synonym in his bibliography, 
p. 164, loc. cit Dr. Ohaus shows the true minuta Burm. to be a 
small form from the Southern States, belonging to the subgenus 
Rhomb onyx, in which the tarsal claws are not cleft. 



1839 (5834). Anomala unduiata Melsh 
1844, 140. 
Elongate-oval. Dull brownish-yel- 
low, head darker ; disk of thorax pic- 
eous with a greenish tinge. Elytra 
usually with a curved row of oblong 
piceous spots (these often confluent) 
across the middle and another on ap- 
ical third; abdomen and tarsi partly 
or wholly piceous. Head depressed at 
middle of front, the anterior flattened 
portion and clypeus densely and rugose- 
ly punctured ; clypeus twice as broad 
as long, its margin narrowly reflexed, 
the angles broadly rounded. Thorax 
with sides regularly curved, surface 
finely and rather sparsely punctured. 
Elytra with rows of rather coarse punc- 
tures, the rows somewhat irregular near 
the suture ; intervals equal and nearly 
flat, Pygidium rugulose and coarsely 
punctured. Length S. 5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 405.) 



Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, II, 




Fig. 405. X oi. (After Forbes.) 



984 FAMILY L. SCARABS DTK. 

Throughout the State- frequent. April 23-June 26. Occurs 
on vegetation, beneath cover and at light, The above is a descrip- 
tion of the typical undulata known to Melsheimer. Confused with 
it or innubd almost in every collection are shorter, darker speci- 
mens which also have the front tarsal claw joint wholly without 
teeth. These I regard as a distinct variety, if not species, and de- 
scribe as follows: 

1839a ( ). Anomala undulata dubia var. nov. 

Oval, broader behind. Usually dark reddish-brown or piceous, feebly 
shining; elytra often with irregular paler blotches. Clypeus somewhat 
longer and narrower than in undulata, the sides more divergent behind. 
Thorax narrower, more convex, and much more coarsely and densely punc- 
tured. Elytra more closely and coarsely punctured, the punctures distinctly 
wider than the intervals, the latter narrower and more convex than in un- 
dulata. Meso- and metasterna more coarsely and densely punctured than 
there. Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; less frequent than undulata. April 23- 
July 13. This form resembles the black color variety of innuba, but 
has the thorax more coarsely and densely punctured. It may be a 
variety of that species without teeth on the front tarsal claw. If 
so the main character usually used in separating the two species is 
of no value. The short, squat body, taken in connection with the 
other differences mentioned, at once separate it from undulata. 
Since both it and that species occur throughout the State it cannot 
be classed as a climatic variety. 

1840 ( — ■ — ). Anomala pubescens sp. nov. 

Oblong-oval. Head, thorax and scutellum dark reddish-brown or pic- 
eous ; elytra dull yellow, the side margins narrowly brownish or piceous ; 
under surface and legs dull brown or piceous, everywhere sparsely clothed 
with long grayish hairs, these more dense on the meso- and metasterna and 
covering the pygidinm. Clypeus concave, the margin broadly reflexed, more 
so than in flavipennis; surface, as well as that of lower part of front, 
roughly, coarsely and confLuently punctate, sides broadly and evenly rounded. 
Thorax one-half broader than long, narrowed in front, widest at middle, 
sides curved thence to base ; front angles acute, hind angles obtuse ; sur- 
face rather finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, with a small rounded 
fovea and one or two impressions on the sides; basal marginal line present. 
Elytra very irregularly and unevenly punctate, the punctures on sides only 
being in somewhat distinct rows, many of those on middle of disk confluent 
in short, broken, deeply impressed lines which are darker than- the remain- 
ing portion of the disk. Pygidinm rugulose. Claw joint of front tarsus 
toothed beneath ; the outer claw of both front and middle tarsi unequally 
and finely cleft, the small, slender division being near the middle on the 
front tarsi and distinctly below the tip on the middle one. Length 8- 
8.5 mm. 



THE LA MEL L [CO TIN BEETLES. 



985 



Lake and Vigo counties; rare. June 27- July 7. Of the Vigo 
County specimen my notebook says, ''several buzzing close to 
ground in cornfield on high land southwest of St. Mary's — only one 
taken." This specimen, together with the one since taken in Lake 
County, have heretofore been among my innuba labeled as a variety, 
but a critical examination shows the form of clypeus, cleft of tarsal 
claws, pubescence of under surface and punctuation of elytra to be 
wholly different and presenting a combination of characters found 
in no other described North American species. 

1841 (5838). Anomala lucicola Fab., Erit. Syst, 1798, Suppl. 132. 

Oval, robust. Color variable from entirely dull yellow to wholly black ; 
thorax often with a discal piceous space, this sometimes divided at middle. 
Clypeus nearly twice as broad as long, rather densely punctured, its front 
broadly rounded, sides very little divergent, margin narrowly reflexed. Tho- 
rax convex, sides regularly curved ; surface rather coarsely but not densely 
punctured. Elytra with double rows of rather coarse, closely placed punc- 
tures, those near the suture confused ; intervals broad, feebly convex, finely 
punctulate. Length 8.5-10 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent in the southern counties, much 
less so in the north. June 12-July 11. Occurs most commonly on 
the foliage of the wild grape and Virginia creeper. Sometimes does 
much damage to cultivated grapes. These can be sprayed with a 
solution of Paris green, as the poison will be washed off between 
the time of the beetles' appearance and the ripening of the fruit. 

1842 (5840). Anomala makginata Fab., Ent. Syst, I, 1798, 164. 

Oval, robust. Pale dull yellow, with shining bronzed lustre ; head and 
disk of thorax reddish-brown, narrow side margin of latter paler. Clypeus 
short, broader at base, margin narrowly reflexed, its surface and lower 
part of front densely and rugosely punctured. Thorax narrower in front, 
sides curved, surface rather coarsely and sparsely punctured, with minute 
shallow punctures between the larger ones. Elytra with somewhat irregu- 
lar rows of coarse, closely placed punctures, the intervals equally convex. 
Length 12-15 mm. 

Knox, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. June 25-July 10. 
Our largest, least variable and most handsome form. A member of 
the Austroriparian fauna which, according to Horn, "occurs in the 
Southern States." 

XXV. Strigoderma Burm. 1844. (Gr., ' ' stria + skin.") 

This genus differs from Anomala mainly by the characters given 
in key. The thorax is impressed on the sides and the outer front 
and middle tarsal claws are cleft at tip. 



9S6 



FAMILY L . SO A B A B2EIT)ffi . 



1843 (5842). Stbigodekma arboricola Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 174. 

Oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and scutellum dull blackish-green, 
shining ; sides of thorax usually in part or wholly pale ; elytra dull brown- 
ish-yellow, often suffused with fuscous or piceous, especially on the sides 
and along the suture ; under surface and legs piceous, sparsely clothed with 
long grayish hairs. Head coarsely, roughly and confluently punctured. Tho- 
rax one-half broader than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded, 
front ones acute ; surface coarsely, shallowly and rather sparsely punctate, 
with an impressed median line on middle third and two irregular depres- 
sions on each side. Elytra with ail the stria* distinct, entire and deeply 
impressed. Length 10-12 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 25-July 9. Occurs 
most commonly on the flowers of wild rose, blackberry and the 
water willow, Dianthera americana Linn. In two specimens the 
thorax, elytra and legs are wholly reddish-yellow. On the other 
hand, four Lake County specimens have the thorax wholly bluish 
black. 



XXVI. Pelidnota MacL. 1817. (Gi\, "to make livid.") 

Belonging here we have in Indiana one large, convex, robust 
species, readily distinguished by the characters given in key. 

1844 (5844). Pelidnota punctata Linn., Syst. Nat, 1758, 350. 

Broadly oval, convex. 
Above dull reddish-brown or 
brownish-yellow; under sur- 
face and legs, top of head and 
scutellum black tinged with 
greenish ; thorax with a small 
round black dot each side and 
elytra each with two or three 
similar dots on the side. En- 
t i r e upper surface finely, 
sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tured. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig. 
406.) 

Throughout the State, 
frequent ; less so in the 
northern counties. Occurs 
on the grape, both wild and 
cultivated. The larvae live 




Fig. 406. a, larva; e, leg of same; d, tip of abdomen of same; 
b, pupa in its cell; c, beetle. (After Riley.) 



upon decaying roots and stumps of various trees. 

XXVII Cot alp a Burm. 1844. (L., ' 'with + mole. ") 

The characters separating this genus from its allies are suffi- 
ciently set forth in the key. One of the seven known North Ameri- 
can species occurs in the eastern United States and Indiana, 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



987 




1S45 (5S51). Cot alp a lanigera Linn., System Natura (10th Ed.), 1760, 
350. 

Broadly oval, robust. Head, thorax and scu- 
telluin greenish or yellowish with a strong metallic 
lustre; under surface piceous, bronzed, rather 
densely clothed with long, wool-like hair, the legs 
sometimes paler; elytra yellowish, feebly shining. 
Thorax twice as broad as long, sides broadly 
rounded, surface very finely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra with a depression each side near the hu- 
merus, their punctures coarser than those of tho- 
rax, and arranged in rows which are visible only 
beneath a lens. Length 20-26 mm. (Fig. 407.) 

Throughout the State but scarce. April Fig - ( ^ er IS* 26 ' 
4— August 26. Often found in the washup 

along the beach of Lake Michigan. One specimen from Putnam 
County presents a curious color variation. The top of head and 
thorax is dark green. One of the elytra is almost wholly fuscous, 
only a small space in the outer apical fourth being yellow ; the other 
one has a broad, fuscous sutural stripe extending from apex to 
base and along the latter to the humerus, where it is recurved. 
Otherwise it agrees with the common forms of the species and is 
therefore to be recorded only as a sport, 

XXVILI. Polymcechus Lec. 1858. (Or., "much - adulterous.") 

This genus comprises a single species which, in addition to the 
characters given in key. has the clypeus somewhat trilobed and 
separated from the front by an elevated carina, which is inter- 
rupted at middle ; mandibles with outer edge entire, the tips turned 
upward; legs short and stout, tibia? not longer than the femora, 
tarsi as long or longer than tibia?; tarsal claws dissimilar in the 
sexes, those of the female simple, feebly curved and alike on all the 
legs; those of male, with outer claw of front leg with a trace of 
tooth at middle ; outer claw of middle and hind legs deeply divided, 
the lower division forming a tooth as long as the upper ; the other 
claws simple. 

1846 (5857). Poly\icecht\s beevipes Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
VIII, 1S56, 24. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous. Head coarsely, 
rugosely punctate; clypeus two-toothed, its margin reflexed. Thorax one- 
third wider than long, strongly convex, sides rounded ; surface sparsely and 
finely punctate, more closely and coarsely on sides. Elytra striate, the 
stria? coarsely punctate ; the outer ones regular, those next the suture much 



088 



F A MTLY L. SCARABiEIDiE. 



confused, especially toward the base. Antennal club as loug as stem in 
female, one-half longer in male. Length 14—17 mm. 

Lake, Laporte and Posey counties; rare. June 6-August 10. 
Occurs in sandy localities. 

Tribe II. DYNASTINI. 

Medium-sized to very large robust forms, having the labrum 
usually invisible ; mentum narrowed and subacuminate, rarely trun- 
cate, in front ; tarsal claws equal, not toothed. In some genera the 
males have the head and often the thorax armed with horns. To 
the tribe belongs our largest Indiana beetle and in the tropics the 
largest of known beetles. Seven of the eleven genera comprising 
the tribe are represented in Indiana. 

The most available literature relating to the North American 
genera is as follows : 

LeConte. — "Notice of three genera of Scarabaaidte found in the 
Tutted States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 1856, 
19-24. Treats of the genera Ligijrus and ApJwnus. 

Horn. — " Descriptions of New Coleoptera of the United States 
with Notes on Known Species," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
III, 1871. The o^enus Cyclocephala is treated on pp. 334- 
337. 

Horn. — "Synonymical Notes and Descriptions of New T Species 
of North American Coleoptera," in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, 
V, 1-875, 126-156. Synopses of the genera Ligyrus and Stra- 
tregus are given on pages 143-147. 

Horn. — ''Contributions to the Coleoptera of the United States, 
III," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 139-154. This 
includes a table of species of the genus Phileurus, pp. 
147-148. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DYNASTINI. 

a. Body convex, usually more or less oval ; labial palpi inserted at the 
sides of mentum. 
1). Head and thorax unarmed in both sexes. 

c. Mandibles narrow, scarcely curved; color pale brownish-yellow. 

XXIX. Cyclocephala. 
cc. Mandibles broad, rounded on the outer side and curved ; color pic- 
eous or black. XXX. Dyscinetvs. 

&&. Head or thorax (sometimes both) armed, or at least bearing a tuber- 
cle, in both sexes. 

d. Size over 30 mm. ; color piceous or dark reddish-brown ; males 

with the front feet not elongated. 



THE LAMELLICOKN BEETLES. 



989 



e. Head with a low. transverse carina ; bind tibiae truncate at tip 
and fringed with hairs. 
/. Mandibles toothed on the outer side : clypeus bidentate at tip 
funidentate in one species). XXXI. Ligyrus. 

ft. Mandibles not toothed; clypeus with an elevated three-toothed 
process just before the tip. XXXII. Aphonus. 

% ee. Head with a long horn, male, or tubercle, female, on the vertex ; 
bind tibiae with several blunt, rounded teeth at tip. 

XXXIII. Xyloryctes. 

M. Size 40 or more mm. : color greenish-gray with black spots (rarely 
wholly piceous) ; males with the front feet elongated. 

XXXIV. Dyxastes. 
aa. Body elongate, flattened; labial palpi inserted behind the mentum. 

XXXV. Phileurus. 

XXIX. Cyclocephala Latr. 1S29. (Gr> " circle - head. ") 

Both this genus and the next have the head and thorax entirely 
destitute of tubercles ; clypeus flat, elongateiy rounded, finely mar- 
gined : mandibles projecting but slightly and not toothed on outer 
side; basal marginal line of thorax net entire. In the males the 
fifth joint of front tarsi is much enlarged and the antennal club is 
usually longer than in the female. Three of the nine species of 
Cyclocephala occur in the eastern United States and Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYCLOCEPHALA. 

a. Outer front tarsal claw of male not cleft at apex ; presternum convex, 
not carinate; last joint of maxillary palpus cylindrical; head blaek- 
isb. 1847. XIGRICOLLIS. 

aa. Outer front claw of male cleft (sometimes very slightly) at apex. 

6. Body smooth above: antennal club of male shorter than the other 
joints together. 1848. immaculata. 

bJ>. Body pubescent above: antennal club of male longer than the other 
joints together. 1849. villosa. 

1547 (5861). Cyclocephala nigricollis Burni.. Handb., V, 50. 
Oblong-oval, robust. Pale brownish-yellow, shining; head blackish. 

Clypeus dull reddish, rounded in front, the margin refiexed. Thorax twice 
as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, surface coarsely and rather sparsely 
punctate. Elytra glabrous, coarsely and somewhat confluently punctate. 
Length 11-13 mm. 

Putnam and Clark counties: scarce. July 5. Described from 
Texas. Comparatively shorter, more robust and more shining than 
our other two species. 

1548 (5858). Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv.. Ent.. I. 17s0, 29. 
Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Dull brownish-yellow, shining; front 

black, clypeus reddish-yellow. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides 



990 



FAMILY L. — SCABABiEIMS. 



broadly rounded, hind angles rounded, surface finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra with rows of very fine, feebly impressed punctures ; the side 
margins in female often thickened near middle. Cylindrical elevation of 
prosternum behind the front coxre distinctly visible when viewed from the 
front. Length 12-14.5 mm. 

Vigo, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. May 12-July 30. 

1849 (5862). Cyclocephala villosa Burin., Handb. Ent., V, 1856, 54. 

Resembles the preceding but more con- 
vex. Color pale dull yellow, front pic- 
eous ; clypeus reddish-yellow. Thorax as 
in immaculata. Elytra more coarsely and 
roughly punctate, the rows of punctures 
ill-defined ; surface viewed from side finely 
and sparsely pubescent. Prosternal ele- 
vation scarcely visible, when viewed from 
the front. Length 11-14 mm. (Fig. 408.) 

Marion and Putnam counties; 
scarce. July 1-July 30. The longer 
antennal club of male, paler color and 
more roughly punctured elytra distinguish this species. It and the 
preceding fly after dusk and are attracted by light, being seldom 
seen by day. 




(After Forbes.) 



XXX. Dyscinetus Harold. 1869. (Gr., "bad + moving. ") 

The characters of this genus have been sufficiently set forth in 
the key and the remarks under Cyclocephala. One of the two 
known North American species occurs in the State.* 

1850 (5868). Dyscinetus teachypygus Burm., Handb. Ent., V, 1856, 79. 

Elongate-oblong. Piceous-black, shining; antennae and legs dark red- 
dish-brown. Clypeus almost truncate in front, sides diverging, surface 
sparsely, shallowly and rather finely, front more coarsely, punctate. Tho- 
rax one-half wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded, 
front ones acute ; surface coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate. Ely- 
tra each with four feebly raised lines, these with a row of fine, variolate 
punctures each side ; intervals broader, with three or four very irregular 
rows of similar punctures. Length 15-18 mm. 

Occurs beneath rubbish along the sandy shores of lakes and 
larger streams throughout the State; frequent. April 8-October 



^Dyscinetus barbata Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 1787. 10. 

Elongate-oval. Uniform mahogany-brown, shining. Head and thorax very finely and very sparsely punc- 
tate, the latter otherwise as in irachypygus. Elytra minutely alutaceous, wholly without punctures. Length 
18 mm. 

This is a West India species, one specimen of which was taken by Max Ellis at porch light on the State For- 
estry Reservation near Henry ville, Clark County. It was evidently introduced by commerce, and as only a single 
specimen was taken it is not included in the regular list. Identified for me by Frederick Blanchard. 



THE LAMELL fCOHN BEETLES. 



991 



21. Often attracted in large numbers to electric light; evidently 
pnpates in moist places, as a number were thrown up in plowing a 
recently drained marsh. Listed under Chalepus, which name was 
preoccupied. 

XXXI. Ligyrus Burin. 1847. (Gr., "flexible.") 

This genus and the next are composed of moderate-sized, robust 
convex species, having the head armed with small tranverse toothed 
ridges, alike in both sexes; clypeus rather triangular, always 
toothed ; first joint of hind tarsi more or less elevated at its upper 
end. In Ligyrus there are small stridulating organs or rugose 
spaces on the inner surface of the elytra near the outer hind mar- 
gin. Two of the four known species have been taken in the State, 
and a third probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIGYEUS. 

a. Thorax impressed in front and with a small tubercle on the front mar- 
gin ; front tibiae with three teeth. 
1). Clypeus with two teeth. 1851. gibbosus. 

1)1). Clypeus with one tooth at middle. kuginasus. 
aa. Thorax not impressed nor tuberculate ; front tibiae with four teeth, the 
upper one small ; mesothorax hairy. 1S52. eelictus. 

1851 (5869). Ligyrus gibbosus DeG., Mem. Hist, des Ins., IV, 1768, 322. 

Oblong-robust, slightly broader 
behind. Reddish-brown to dark chest- 
nut-brown above, paler beneath. Tho- 
rax one-half wider than long, strong- 
ly convex, sides regularly curved 
from base to apex ; surface rather 
finely, sparsely and unevenly punc- 
tate. Elytral punctures much coars- 
er than those of thorax, those on 
disk in somewhat regular rows; 
those on sides confused. Length 11- 
16 mm. (Fig. 409.) 

Throughout the State; com- 
mon. April 18-September 27. 
Sometimes very abundant at 
electric lights. 

L. ruginasus Lee, reddish- Fig . 40 9. xa* (Ate Forbes.) 

brown, length 16.5 mm., is a 

southern species which has been recorded from near Cincinnati. 
[63—23402] 




992 



FAMILY L. SCARAB/EIDiE. 



1S52 (5871). LiGYEtrs relictus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. SeL, V, 1825. 
194; ibid. II, 296. 

Oblong, very robust. Piceous black, shining. Trans- 
verse carina of head interrupted at middle; clypeus 
with two teeth. Thorax strongly convex, hind angles 
broadly rounded, surface finely and sparsely punc- 
tured. Elytra with rather fine punctures, those of 
center of disk arranged in three double rows ; those 
on sides and near suture much confused. Male with 
inner claw of front tarsi thickened, . dilated and ab- 
ruptly curved. Length 18-23 mm. (Fig. 410.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so 
about the sandy lake shores of the northern coun- 
ties. May 26-August 26. Occurs at electric 
light and beneath rubbish . The larvae live in old, 
well -rotted manure piles. 




Fig. 410. X 1£. 
(After Knobel.) 



XXXII. Aphonus Lec. 1S58. (Gr., "without + voice. ") 

The un toothed mandibles and the lack of stridulating organs on 
the under surface of the elytra are the principal characters separat- 
ing this genus from Ligyrus. In our species the tip of the clypeus 
is elevated, and immediately behind it is a sharp, transverse ele- 
vated line which bears three blunt teeth. One of the four recog- 
nized species has been taken in the State, 

1S53 (5874). Aphonus tridentatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1S23, 209 ; ibid. II. 134. 
Oblong-ovate, robust. Black or piceous-black, shining ; beneath dark 
reddish-brown. Thorax about one-third wider than long, strongly convex, 
sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse, basal margin sinuate ; surface finely 
and sparsely punctate. Elytra striate, the striae with rows of rather fine 
punctures; intervals subconvex, irregular in width and with scattered 
coarse punctures. Length 13-16 mm. 

Putnam, Vigo, Floyd and Posey counties; scarce. May 10- 
July 29. Occurs about old decaying stumps in which the larvae 
live; also at light. 

XXXIII. Xyloryctes Hope. 1837. (Gr. 
' ' wood + a digger. ' ' ) 
This genus contains a single large bulky 
form, having the mandibles prominent, not 
toothed on the outer side; the male with a 
long curved horn arising from the middle of 
the head, whence the common name of "rhi- 
noceros beetle. " 

1854 (5880). Xyloryctes satyrus Fab.. Syst. 
Eleut, I. 1801, 15. 
Oblong, robust. Dark chestnut to piceous brown. 




Fig. 411. Male. Natural size. 
(After Glover.) 



THE LAMELLICORX BEETLES. 



993 




Fig. 411a. Xylorydes satyrus. 
Female. Natural size. 



shining; under surface paler and rather thickly 
clothed with reddish-brown hairs. Male with the 
front half of thorax almost perpendicular, the slope 
with irregular transverse rows of oblong punctures ; 
basal half convex, very finely and sparsely punc- 
tured; sides rounded, thickly fringed with brown 
hairs ; female with thorax strongly convex, but 
slightly sloping in front of middle. Elytra striate, 
with rows of rather fine, feebly impressed punc- 
tures; the striae deeper and punctures larger in 
female. Length 25-28 mm. (Figs. 411-411a.) 

Wells, Marion, Monroe and Posey coun- 
ties; scarce. June 3-September 8. Probably occurs sparingly over 
the southern two-thirds of the State. The larvse are said to be in- 
jurious to ash trees by feeding upon their roots, and the adults are 
usually found in the vicinity of these trees. 

XXXIY. Dyxastes Kirby. 1825. (Gr., "a ruler.") 
To this genus belong the largest of known beetles, some of the 
tropical species being nearly three inches in length and more than 
an inch in thickness. In the southern United States and extend- 
ing northward over the southern third of Indiana is one species, 
sometimes called the "unicorn beetle." The generic name Dy- 
nastes having the same origin as the English "dynasty," and mean- 
ing sovereignty, has been given to these beetles on account of their 
large size and imposing appearance. 
1855 (58S6). Dynastes titytjs Linn., Syst. Nat, 1766. 

Broadly oval. Usually green- 
ish-gray, with brownish or pic- 
eous spots scattered irregularly 
over the elytra ; rarely uniform 
dark chestnut-brown. Male with 
thorax three-horned, the ones on 
sides short and curved, the me- 
dian one bearded with yellowish 
hair beneath, bifid at tip and pro- 
jecting forward to meet a long 
curved horn arising from the 
head. Females with only a slight 
tubercle on middle of head. En- 
tire upper surface of male almost 
wholly smooth ; female with tho- 
rax sparsely and finely punctate, 
more densely and coarsely on 
sides and near front angles; ely- 
tra with coarse and very fine 
punctures intermingled on basal 
half, apical half smooth. Length 
of male 40 to 50 mm., exclusive of horns; of female, 45 mm. (Fig. 412.) 




Fig. 412. Natural size. (After Riley.) 



994 



FAMTLY L . SC A K A BJEID^ . 



Of the eight specimens in the collection, three are from Craw- 
ford County, the others from Bartholomew, Greene, Sullivan. 
Orange and Jefferson counties. All but two are males. July 25- 
September 4. One of the females is wholly chestnut-brown above ; 
while one of the males has one elytron almost wholly chestnut- 
brown, the other one being of a normal hue. The species prob- 
ably occurs sparingly over the area covered by the Austroriparian 
fauna of the State. It is said to live in the larval stage in old 
rotten wood. 

XXXV. Phileurus Lat, 1807. (Or., " love + well.") 

This genus is characterized by having the labial palpi inserted 
behind the mentum; mandibles prominent; head and thorax alike 
in both sexes, the former with two short horns or tubercles, the 
thorax with one tubercle on apical half. Striclulating organs are 
found on the under surface of the elytra, along the side margins. 
One of the four known species has been taken in the State. 

1856 (5890). Phileveus vALors Linn., Syst., Nat., 1758, 347. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Above black, 
shining; beneath piceous. Head deeply con- 
cave, with two blunt conical tubercles in 
front of eyes; tip of clypeus tooth-like, re- 
curved. Thorax transverse, with sides broadly 
rounded; surface sparsely and rather finely 
punctured and with a deep median groove, 
terminated in front by a short, blunt tuber- 
cle near the margin. Elytra striate, the 
stride with rows of rather coarse variolate 
punctures, the alternate intervals more ele- 
vated. Outer apical angles of hind tibire and 
basal joint of tarsi each with a distinct spine. 
Fig. 413. xlh (Original.) Length 19-22 mm. (Fig. 413.) 

Southern portion of the State, from Monroe County southward, 
scarce ; specimens from seven different counties having been taken. 
April 16-November 10. Occurs beneath bark of decaying trees; 
also at light, A true member of the Austroriparian fauna. Horn 
mentions it as from Texas only, but states that it is also found in 
South America. In general appearance it recalls a small form of 
the common "bess-bug," Passalus corniitus Fab. Probably hiber- 
nates as imago, as a, freshly moulted specimen was taken on No- 
vember 7. 




THE LAMELLIOORN BEETL1 S. 



995 



Tribe III. CETONIINI. 

In addition to the flattened form and prominent conical front 
coxae, the members of this tribe have the antennae always 10- jointed; 
scntellum usually triangular and pointed ; pygidium visible and 
tarsal claws equal and simple. In some genera the side pieces or 
epimera of the mesothorax are continued upward so as to form a 
little piece which is easily seen at the shoulders between the thorax 
and elytra. In flying, the true Cetonise do not raise the elytra, as 
most beetles do, but the inner wings pass out from the side under 
the elytra, which are a little narrower at the tips than the base and 
do not at all embrace the sides of the body. The members of this 
tribe differ from the other "leaf chafers" in being for the most 
part flower beetles, the mouth organs being furnished with a brush 
of hairs with which they collect the pollen. They are therefore 
mostly diurnal, flying about from flower to flower during the heat 
of the day. At night and in cloudy or rainy Aveather they are to be 
found beneath bark or other cover. Seven of the nine genera com- 
prising the tribe in North America are represented in the State. 

The following literature treats of three of these, the descriptions 
of the species of the others being widely scattered: 

Horn. — "Synopsis of the Euphorias of the United States," in 

Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XVIII, 1S80, 397^08. 
Horn. — "Descriptions of New Coleoptera of the United States, 

with Notes on Known Species," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

III, 1871. The genus Gremas iochilus is treated on pp. 

339-341. 

Horn. — "A Monographic Reiusion of the Species of Cremasto- 

cJiilus of the United States." in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 

XVIII, 18S0, 382-397. 
Horn. — "Revision of the United States Species of Oehodaus 

and other Genera of Scaraba?ida?, " in Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc, V, 1876. The genus Trichius is monographed on pp. 

191-197. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CETONIINI. 

a. Side pieces or epimera of the mesothorax visible from above; elytra 
more or less sinuate on the sides behind the humeri. 
h. Thorax lobed at the base, the lobe covering the scutellum ; head of 
both sexes with a more or less distinct frontal and clypeal spine. 

XXXVI. Cotinis. 

hb. Scutellum not covered by a lobe of the thorax. 



996 



FAMILY L. — SCARABiEIDiE. 



c. Mentum normal in shape; clypeus narrow, feebly reflexed; thorax 
triangular ; color never uniform black. XXXVII. Euphoria. 
cc. Mentum cup-shaped ; clypeus broad, strongly reflexed ; thorax quad- 
rate with prominent angles ; color uniform black or piceous. 

XXXVIII. Cremastochilus. 
an. Epimera of mesothorax not visible from above; elytra not sinuate be- 
hind the humeri ; middle coxaa without an elevation between them. 
d. Hind coxre contiguous; thorax without median groove; size 9 or 
more mm. 

e. Body almost glabrous ; color uniform ; size large, 18 or more mm. 

XXXIX. OSMODERMA. 

ee. Body pubescent ; color variegated ; size less than 13 mm. 

/. Elytra longer than wide; thorax sinuate at base; elytra yel- 
lowish with black spots, XL. Gnorimus. 
ff . Elytra not longer than wide ; thorax rounded at base. 

XLI. Trichius. 

dd. Hind coxa? 'widely separated; thorax with a deep median groove; 
size small, not over 7.5 mm. XLII. Valgus. 

XXXVI. Cotinis Burm. 1842. (Gr., "oleaster," the wild olive 

tree.) 

In this genus the clypeus is armed in front with a short, erect 
horn. One of the two known species occurs in the State. 

1857 (5894). Cotinis nitida Linn., Mus. Ludov. Ulrich., 1764, 26. 

Elongate-oblong, somewhat pointed in front. Dull 
velvety green above, sides of thorax and elytra brown- 
ish-yellow ; head, middle of metasternum, tibiae and 
sometimes the abdomen, brilliant metallic green; fe- 
mora and usually the abdomen reddish-yellow. Head 
deeply excavated, the front, with a horizontal spine ex- 
tending forward nearly to the upturned spine of cly- 
peus. Thorax triangular, the apex truncate, less than 
half the width of base, the latter with a triangular 
lobe covering the scutellum. Upper surface wholly 
Fig - 4 Ai N a .t ura l size - smooth. Length 20-23 nun. (Fig. 414.) 

(After Riley.) no/ 

Knox and Posey counties; frequent. July 
24- August 2. Probably occurs over the area covered by the Aus- 
troriparian fauna, of which it is a striking member. It is com- 
monly know 7 n as the "fig-eater," and in the South often flies in 
great numbers by night, especially in sandy districts, making a 
loud buzzing noise similar to that made by the May-beetles (Lach- 
nosterna). The larvae feed upon the roots of grass and sometimes 
are harmful to strawberry and other plants. When they move they 
crawl upon their backs, making no use of their short legs. Allor- 
hina Burm., to which the species is usually ascribed, is a South 
American genus. 




THE LAMELLTCORN BEETLES. 



997 



XXXVII. Euphoria Burm. 1842. 
(Gr., "well + bearing.'') 

Rather broad, bulky, more or 
less hairy species, having the tho 
rax triangular and nearly as wide 
at base as elytra. (Fig. 415.) 
Scutellum distinct; middle coxa} 
with an elevation or protuberance 
between them ; mandibles feeble, 
in great part membranous; last 
spiracle placed midway between 
the front and hind margins of the 
segment. Three species have been 
taken in the State, while two others perhaps occur. 





Fig. 415. 



Euphoria melancholiea Gory. 
(After Forbes.) 



X 3. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUPHORIA. 

a. Clypeus with four teeth iu front; black; elytra yellowish with black 
spaces at the humeri and along the suture. areata. 
aa. Clypeus entire or feebly emarginate, its angles rounded. 
b. Elevation between the middle coxae oval or semicircular. 
c. Thorax either shining or punctured and pubescent. 
d. Thorax densely punctured, its surface pubescent; color dark 
brown, feebly bronzed, with narrow white markings. 

1858. SEPULCHRALIS. 

eld. Thorax sparsely punctate, its surface shining, not pubescent; 
color green tinged with brownish. 1859. fulgida. 

cc. Thorax opaque, scarcely punctured, not pubescent ; color dull green 
to opaque brown. herbacea. 
bl). Elevation between the middle coxa} transverse ; elytra brownish-yel- 
low with numerous small black spots. I860, inda. 

E. areata Fab., length 12 mm., is said to occur from the Middle 
States westward to Kansas and Texas. 

1858 (5904). Euphoria sepulchralis Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 156. 

Oblong-oval. Beneath, bronzed, shining, with a violaceous tinge ; above, 
dark brownish-bronzed, feebly shining ; elytra with numerous short, sinuous 
transverse, whitish lines. Thorax triangular, base emarginate at middle ; 
surface coarsely punctured, more densely on sides, clothed with short, erect, 
persistent pubescence. Elytra each with two costae; intervals with numer- 
ous coarse punctures, these changing on sides to short, deep, transverse 
wrinkles ; tips subtruncate, distinctly sinuous. Pro- and mesosterna, femora 
and sides of abdomen hairy. Length 9-13 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 6-September 30. Oc- 
curs at sap, also on flowers of various kinds, especially goldenrod 
(Solidago) in autumn. Sluggish and feigns death when touched. 



998 



FAMILY L. SO ARAB JE CJ)iE. 



1859 (5909). Euphokia fulgida Fab., Syst. Eiit, 1798, 48. 

Oblong-oval. Head and thorax usually brilliant green, the latter mar- 
gined at the sides with yellow ; elytra green, usually with a reddish-brown 
tinge, sometimes marked with chalk-white spots ; abdomen green, the sides 
with whitish spots; pygidium with four similar spots on base; legs red- 
dish- or brownish-yellow, tinged with green. Entire upper surface sparsely 
and rather finely punctate; elytra with only faint traces of costse. Length 
13-18 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 10-September 29. Usu- 
ally pupates beneath logs in damp places; common in June in the 
washup along the shore of Lake Michigan. Occurs also on flowers. 

E. herbacea Oliv., length 14-16 mm., occurs in the "Middle 
States Region." 

1SG0 (5911). Euphokia inda Linn.. Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 17(30, 352. 

Broadly oval. Head and thorax piceous. 
feebly bronzed, the latter often with yellowish 
spots; elytra brownish-yellow, mottled with 
black spots, which often tend to form cross- 
bands ; beneath piceous, the legs and hind mar- 
gins of abdominal segments often paler. Vertex, 
thorax, pro- and mesosterna, femora and sides 
of abdomen usually densely hairy. Elytra each 
with two rather broad and feeble costse which 
unite at apex. Length 13-16 mm. (Fig. 416.) 

Fig. 416. X 2. (After Fjrbe?.) , , ni „ , r i 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 
20-August 17. On the first warm, sunny days of spring this "bum- 
ble flower-beetle" comes forth in numbers and flies close to the 
ground with a loud buzzing noise like that of a bumble-bee, for which 
it is often mistaken. When captured it defends itself by emitting 
a strong, pungent chlorine-like odor. A second brood is said to ap- 
pear in September. The larva? live in rotten wood, beneath chips 
and other woody debris. The adults are often found sucking the 
juices of roasting ears, peaches, grapes and apples, and sometimes 
do much damage. 

XXXVIII. Cremastoohjlus Knoch. 1801. (Gr., "hanging + 

lip.") 

Rather elongate, dull black, coarsely punctured species, known 
from their allies by the characters given in key, and by having the 
outer portion, of mandibles thickened and horn-like • last spiracle 
near hind margin of the segment; middle eoxre without a protuber- 
ance between them. The mouth is peculiarly constructed, the cly- 
peus being thickened and turned up, and the mentum much en- 




THE LAMELLieOIiX BEETLES. 



999 



larged and projecting forward so as to almost close the oral cavity, 
its sides hanging down like two curtains, whence the generic name. 
They usually occur beneath stones and chunks in or about ants' 
nests. The great majority of the 21 species listed have the mentum 
entire and pointed behind, and occur from Kansas and Nebraska 
westward. Seven, most of which have the mentum deeply concave 
and notched behind, occur east of the Mississippi. Of these four 
have been taken in Indiana, while another probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEEM ASTOCHILUS. 

a, Mentum plate acutely angulate and entire behind; legs not fossorial, 
tarsi as long as the tibiae ; hind angles of thorax triangular, smooth, 
continuous with the side margin; front angles continuous with the 
disk, punctured. 1861. knochii. 

W. Mentum plate distinctly notched or with a deep emargination behind. 
h. Notch on hind border of mentum plate small, acute; front angles 
prominent and distinct from the disk ; hind angles not continuous 
with the disk. variolosus. 
bp- Notch of mentum plate wide and deep. 

c. Disk of thorax coarsely and densely punctured. 
fl. Front angles of thorax continuous with the disk ; hind angles 
continuous with the outer margin of the disk. 

1862. CANALICULATUS. 

dd. Front angles separated from the disk by a transverse impres- 
sion ; hind angles completely separated by a groove and de- 
pressed below the surface of the disk. 1S63. castaneje. 
cc. Disk of thorax shining, sparsely and irregularly punctured ; front 
angles short, obtuse, hind angles retracted and slightly depressed. 

1861. HARRISII. 

1861 (5925). Cremastochilus knochii Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
1853, 231. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining. Mentum plate fiat at bottom, 
angulate and entire behind. Thorax one-half wider than long, base not 
wider than apex, sides broadly curved ; front angles feebly prominent, not 
limited behind by a line ; hind angles triangular, smooth, limited on inner 
side by an oblique impression; disk moderately convex, coarsely but not 
densely punctured ; median line evident but faint. Elytra with oval, shal- 
low, often more or less confluent, punctures. Length 10-13 mm. 

Lake, Laporte, Marshall and Kosciusko counties; rather fre- 
quent beneath rubbish along the beach of Lake Michigan ; only one 
each from the other two counties, these also beneath chunks on 
borders of lakes, one of them with a colony of small brown ants. 
April 25-August 26. 

C. variolosus Kirby, length 9 mm., occurs in the "Middle States 
region, ' ' and has been recorded from Cincinnati. 



1000 



FAMILY L. — SCARAB/EID/E. 




1862 (5929). Ceemastochiltjs canaliculars Kirby, Zool. Journ., Ill, 

151. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining. Mentuin plate deeply con- 
cave, its hind margin widely reflexed and with a deep, wide notch. Thorax 
one-third wider than long, sides moderately curved; front angles obtuse, 
feebly prominent, limited on their inner side by a deep fovea, punctured 
and continuous with the disk; hind angles triangular, nearly smooth, tips 
slightly turned outward, limited within by a moderately deep groove, but 
not depressed below the surface of the disk ; disk slightly convex, coarsely 
and densely punctured. Elytra flattened on the disk, vaguely grooved and 
with rather dense, oval, shallow punctures. Length 11-12.5 mm. 

Vigo, Putnam, Monroe and Crawford coun- 
ties ; scarce. May 10-May 17. Of the ten speci- 
mens at hand, nine were found in ants' nests be- 
v neath logs or flat stones, all singly but two. Al- 
though taken in six different years, they were all 
collected between the two dates above mentioned. 
On this and most other species there are pubes- 
cent depressed spaces near the front angles and 
beneath or near the hind ones which are sup- 
Fig. 417. Ant sucking at posed to be glandular and to excrete a liquid 
glands (M^Zf US ' very palatable and attractive to the ants, with 
which they are found in company. LeConte records* several in- 
stances in which specimens have had the projecting portions of the 
hind angles fall off on account of the continual gnawing or sucking 
of the ants at the glands. (Fig. 417.) The beetles are sluggish in- 
sects which feign death when touched, and seem to be held in cap- 
tivity by the ants, which pull them back into the vicinity of the 
nests whenever they attempt to escape. 

1863 (5931). Ceemastoghilus castane^e Knoch., Neue Beitr., 1801, 115. 
Oblong. Piceous, feebly shining. Mentum plate 

deeply cupped, the margin widely reflexed except in 
front, and with a rather deep U-shaped notch behind. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides moderately 
curved ; front angles in the form of tubercles, limited 
on the inner side by the usual deep fovea and behind 
by an impressed line; hind angles triangular, punc- 
tured at base, separated completely from the surface 
of the disk by a deep impression, their tips turned out- 
ward; disk moderately convex, coarsely and closely 
punctured; median line sometimes feebly impressed. 
Elytra moderately flat, with rather sparse, shallow, 
oval impressions; those on the sides, as usual in the 
other species, smaller, rounded and deeper. Pygidium very coarsely punc- 
tured. Length 9.5-10 mm. (Fig. 418.) 




Fig. 418. X 3. 
(After Wheeler.) 



*Entom. Arner., I, 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLES. 



1001 



Crawford and Perry counties; rare. May 10-May 16. The 
larvag of this species are said to live on the trunks and roots of the 
chestnut, whence the specific name. As these trees grow indigen- 
ously only in the southern third of the State, it is probable that the 
beetle will be found to be confined to that area. Both it and canali- 
culatus often have a small transverse hoary white spot formed of 
exuded matter near the margin and just behind the middle of the 
elytra. Casianece is shorter and has the upper surface more dis- 
tinctly pubescent with short erect yellowish hairs than in either the 
preceding or the next species. 

1S64 (5932). Ceemastochilus haeeisii Kirby, Zool. Journ., Ill, 152. 

Elongate-oblong. Piceous, rather strongly shining. Mentinn plate deeply 
concave, margins reflexecl, more strongly at the sides and behind, its hind 
margin broadly and deeply notched. Thorax more than one-half wider than 
long, sides feebly curved; front angles short, obtuse, limited within by a 
deep impression and behind by a finely impressed line ; hind angles some- 
what triangular, smooth, separated from the disk by a rather deep impres- 
sion ; disk very sparsely and irregularly punctured and with distinct patches 
of stiff hairs near the hind angles. Elytra very coarsely, deeply and densely 
punctured. Length 10-11 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Vigo counties; scarce. April 24-October 6. 
Occurs usually in nests of large reddish ants in sandy localities. 
Readily known by its more shining surface, more coarsely and 
roughly sculptured elytra and larger tufts of hairs near hind angles 
of thorax. 

XXXIX. Osmoderma Lep. 1825. (Gr., "odor + skin.") 
Large, broad, dark brown species, having the thorax distinctly 
narrower than elytra and rounded on the sides ; last spiracle nearer 
the front than hind margin of the segment. Two of the three 
known species occur in Indiana. 

1865 (5933). Osmoderma eeemicola Knoch., Neue Beitr., 1801, 105. 

Broadly oval, depressed above. Dark chestnut or ma- 
hogany brown, shining. Head deeply excavated between 
the eyes in both sexes, the edge with a tubercle above the 
base of antennae. Thorax with a deep impressed median 
line on basal half, in front of which is a broad, deep ex- 
cavation, bordered in front by a sharp elevated line. Sur- 
face of both thorax and elytra very finely and sparsely 
punctate. Length 25-29 mm. (Eig. 419.) 

Taken only in the southern half of State, but 
probably occurs throughout; scarce. July 4-Au- 
gust 12. Found at electric light and about the ( 
borders of open woods. Both it and the next emit, Fig - 4 ^ Naturalize. 

(After Hams.) 

when captured, a strong odor of russia leather, 




1002 



FAMILY L. SCARAB.E1D.E. 



whence the generic name, meaning "scented skin." On account of 
this one being usually found singly it is called the "hermit flower- 



1S66 (5934). Osmoderma scabea Beauv.. Ins. Af. et Amer., 1S05, 58. 



^\ Throughout the State ; scarce. May 27-Au- 
Hg. 420. Natural size, gust 19. It is nocturnal and occurs about or- 
chards and open woods, the larvae living in the 
hollows of beech, cherry and apple trees and feeding upon the juices 
of their rotten wood. Harris speaks of them* as being "whitish, 
fleshy grubs, with a reddish, hard-shelled head closely resembling 
the grubs of the common dor-beetle. In the autumn each one 
makes an oval cell of fragments of wood strongly cemented with a 
kind of glue; it goes through its transformations within this cell 
and comes forth in the beetle form in the month of July." In 
southern Indiana, as the above dates show, they begin to appear a 
month earlier. 

XL. Gnommus Serv. 1825. (Gr., "known.") 

Medium-sized robust beetles, having the thorax broader behind, 
the base Insinuate; elytra longer than wide, their tips rounded; 
pygidium exposed, similar in the sexes ; middle tibiae of female 
straight, of male more slender and suddenly curved at base. One 
species is known from North America. 

1867 (5936). Gnoeimus macvlosus Knoch. Neu. Beytr.. 1801, 109. 

Oval, robust. Dull black, rather thickly clothed with long yellowish 
hairs; elytra clay-yellow, glabrous, each with three vague, more or less in- 
terrupted costse ; the seven to nine oblong elevations or tubercles so formed, 
shining black, the ones at umbone and near apex the larger; pygidium 
pruinose. Length 12-14 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. July 4. One specimen taken by Harry 
Eietz from the flowers of a tulip tree (TAriodendron) . Known 
from New England to Ohio. 

*Ins. Injur to Veg., 1862, 42. 



beetle. 




/ 



Form of the preceding but usually smaller. Pur- 
plish-black, bronzed. Head of male as in crcmicola, 
the clypeus more strongly reflexed in front ; of female 
nearly flat with clypeus narrowly reflexed. Thorax 
with a rather deep median groove, its surface densely, 
deeply and coarsely punctured. Elytra very rugosely 
and irregularly sculptured. Length 18-25 mm. (Fig. 
420. ) 



THE LAMELLIGORN BEETLES. 



loo:; 



XLI. Trichius Fab. 1775. (Gr., "hairy.") 

Medium-sized beetles having the thorax rounded, narrow er than 
elytra, the latter short, almost truncate; pygidium prominent in 
both sexes, that of male more convex than that of female and with 
the tip somewhat inflexed. They occur upon flowers during the 
day and readily take to flight when disturbed. Three of the six 
known species have been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICHIUS. 

a. Elytra with white transverse bands and velvety spots on the sides. 
6. Elytra with third and fifth intervals distinctly more convex than sec- 
ond and fourth, the latter two rather densely punctate ; front tibiae 
of male without spur. 1868. piger. 

hh. Elytra with third and fifth intervals but slightly convex, second and 
fourth very sparsely punctured; front tibiae with spur in both 
sexes, that of male more slender and straight than in female. 

1869. AFFINIS. 

aa. Elytra reddish-brown, tinged with green, without transverse whitish 
bands or velvety spots on the sides. 1870. bibexs. 



1868 (5937). Trichius piger Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798, 40 

Oblong-oval. Head and thorax pieeous, 
tinged with greenish ; elytra reddish-brown to 
pieeous, sparsely pubescent, each with two 
short, oblique whitish bars, one slightly in 
front of, the other slightly behind the middle, 
and reaching from the margin to the fifth, 
rarely the third, interval ; sides with a black 
or reddish velvety space reaching from the 
margin to the fifth interval behind the front 
bar and divided by the hind one; body be- 
neath and femora piceous-bronzed, clothed 
with long, white, silken hairs ; abdomen, tibice 
and tarsi reddish-brown. Head and thorax 
densely punctate, usually thickly clothed with 
short, erect, yellowish hairs. Pygidium finely 
rugose, sparsely pubescent, often with a whit- 
ish scaly space on the sides. Length 9-11 mm. 
(Fig. 421.) 




Fig. 421. Male^and [foreleg - oil female. 



(After Chittenden in Bull. XXVII, New 

Throughout the State; frequent.™- 
June 3-July 24. Occurs on flowers of various kinds, especially 
those of Jersey tea (Ceanothus), and wild hydrangea. The clypeus 
of male is longer and the thorax much more densely pubescent and 
more narrowed in front than in female. 



1004 



FAMILY L. SCARAByEID^E. 



1869 (5939). Tkichius affinis Gory, Hon., 93. 

Form of piger but usually smaller. Head, thorax, body beneath and 
legs greenish-black, shining; elytra of the same hue with the second and 
fourth intervals often reddish-brown, the sides with whitish transverse 
bars and velvety space as in piger; also frequently with a short whitish 
bar next the suture just behind the scutellum. Pygidium with white space 
on sides densely pubescent. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 29-July 6. Occurs with 
piger, which it closely resembles, but is more shining, with smaller 
and less punctured thorax and much more sparsely punctured sec- 
ond and fourth elytral intervals. 

1870 (5940). Trichius bibens Fab., Syst. Ent, 179S, 49. 

Oblong-oval. Head, thorax, body beneath and legs bright metallic 
green; elytra reddish-brown, shining, usually with a strong greenish or 
brassy lustre. Head densely punctured; thorax more coarsely but less 
densely punctured, both rather thickly clothed with short, erect, yellowish 
hairs. Elytra with shorter, sparser hairs and with the intervals very 
nearly equal, the second and fourth more densely punctured than the 
others. Pygidium with an oblong white space on each side. Under sur- 
face and femora with long, white, silken hairs. Front tibise of male with a 
slender, straight spur. Length 11-12 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 27-October 15. Occurs es- 
pecially on the flowers of different species of dogwood (Cornus). 
Pupates beneath loose bark and flat stones. Taken in Marshall 
County in October. A more robust species than either of the other 
two. 

XLII. Valgus Scriba. 1790. (L., ''bow-legged.") 

Small brownish, strongly flattened species, having the hind 
coxae widely separated ; elytra short, exposing two dorsal segments ; 
body more or less covered with whitish scales instead of hairs. Two 
of the three known species occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF VALGUS. 

a. Front tibiae with three or more slender, widely separated teeth on outer 
side ; size smaller, not over 6 mm. ; color brown. 

1871. CANALICTJLATUS. 

aa. Front tibia? with five or six closely placed, stout, rounded teeth; size 
larger, 6.5-7.5 mm. ; color usually piceous. 1872. squamigee. 

*1871 (5943). Valgus canaliculatus Fabr., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 132. 

Oval, flattened. Reddish-brown, feebly shining; sides of thorax, base, 
middle and apex of elytra and pygidium sparsely clothed with yellowish 
scales. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved; 
margin denticulate nearly to base; surface with a deep median groove, 



THE LAMELLICORN BEETLKS. 



1005 



which is wider at base and, with an impression on the middle of each side. 
Elytra with disk feebly but evidently concave; intervals each with two 
rows of shallow punctures. Under surface and femora rather densely 
clothed with yellowish scales. Length 5-6 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. February 21-December 10. 
Both this and the next hibernate in colonies beneath mullein leaves 
and half buried logs and chunks and in old trees in dry, upland 
woods. They occur in spring and summer on flowers, especially 
those of the red haw (Crataegus) and dogwood (Cornus). One 
specimen at hand has the pygidium terminating in a sharp taper- 
ing spine 3 mm. in length, and grooved its full length above and 
beneath. 

*1872 (5944). Valgus squamigek Beau v., Ins. Af. 
et Amer., 1805, 59. 
Resembles the preceding but larger and usual- 
ly dark piceous-brown in color. Thorax more coarse- 
ly punctate, with fewer and larger teeth along the 
sides, the median groove less distinct on basal half 
and often with a short oblique ridge each side. 
Teeth of front tibire broader, triangular and more 
rounded or blunt at apex. Surface of elytra and 
pygidium densely- granulate ; under surface less 
densely scaly. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 422.) 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 
13-December 10. Occurs in the same places Fig. 422. x ±h (Original.) 
and often with canaliculatus. 

Series V. PHYTOPHAGA. 

The members of this series have the tarsi apparently 4- jointed, 
rarely (Spondylidce) , the fifth joint distinct, the three basal joints 
almost always densely set with cushion-like pubescence beneath; 
third joint grooved on its upper surface or divided into two lobes, 
so as to allow the insertion of the fourth joint near its base instead 
of in front; head not forming a prolonged beak; labrum always 
visible. About 35,000 species of Phytophaga are known, almost all 
of which, in the larval stage, are vegetable feeders, either devouring 
the foliage or boring into the wood, stems, seeds or roots of plants. 
Four families are recognized by most authorities, all of which are 
represented in the State. 

KEY TO FAMILIES OF PHYTOPHAGA. 

a, Tarsi distinctly 5-jointed, not dilated nor pubescent beneath; sensitive 
surface or pores of antenna? in deep impressions ; form elongate. 

Family LI. Spondylid.e, p. 100G. 




1006 



FAMILY LI. SPONDYLIM. 



aa. Tarsi dilated and spongy pubescent beneath (except in Hcemonia) ; 
sensitive surface of antenna? widely diffused. 
b. Subinentuin not pedunculate; front not or very rarely prolonged in 
a short beak. 

c. Antennae usually long or greatly developed, their insertion much 
embraced by the eyes and usually upon frontal prominences ; 
form usually oblong, with sides parallel ; front often large, verti- 
cal and quadrate ; thorax rarely margined ; tibial spurs distinct ; 
upper surface usually hairy. 

Family LII. Oerambyoiimc, p. 1007. 
cc. Antenna? moderate or short, their point of insertion rarely or not 
at all surrounded by the eyes and not upon frontal prominences; 
front small, oblique or inflexed ; thorax most frequently mar- 
gined; tibial spurs usually wanting; upper surface usually gla- 
brous, frequently brightly colored and shining. 

Family LIII. Chrysomeluxe, p. 10.95. 
bb. Submentum pedunculate; front prolonged into a broad quadrate 
beak ; antenna? inserted in front of the eyes, serrate or pectinate ; 
prosternum extremely short ; hind femora more or less thickened ; 
larva? living upon seeds. Family L1Y. Bruchid.e, p. 1233. 

Family LI. SPOND YLIDiE. 
The Aberrant Long-horned Beetles. 

This family comprises but four known North American species, 
closely allied to the true long-horned beetles of the next family, but 
differing in the form of tarsi and structure of antennae. They have 
the antenna 1 short, the scape very short, much constricted at base, 
inserted at the sides of head near the base of the mandibles, the 
second joint rather large, though smaller than third; mentum 
transverse ; elytra parallel, rounded at tip, covering the abdomen, 
the latter with five ventral segments; legs rather short, compressed; 
tarsi 5-jointed without brush or hairs beneath, the fourth joint dis- 
tinct, fifth long, with slender claws. 

The name Spondylis, that of the typical genus, is derived from 
a Greek word meaning "a vertebra joint," and was probably ap- 
plied by Fabricius on account of the joints of the antenna? having 
deep pits or grooves on one side, in which organs of special sense 
are supposed to be located. The North American species live be- 
neath bark, principally that of pine. The family is divided into 
two subfamilies, one of which is represented in Indiana by the 
single genus : 



THE ABERRANT LONG-HORNED BEETLES. 



LOOT 



I. Parandra Lat. 1802. (Gr., " equal + male.") 

Oblong, brown beetles having the head broad, the eyes trans- 
verse, feebly notched; antennae reaching the base of thorax, second 
joint half as long as third, joints 3-10 subquadrate, equal, flattened, 
each with two deep grooves on the under or outer surface ; eleventh 
joint longer, obliquely truncate and pointed; mandibles toothed, 
longer in male than female ; thorax margined ; prosternum distinct 
between the front coxa?, which are large, not prominent, transverse 
and enclosed behind. Two species are known, both of which have 
been taken in Indiana. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF PARANDRA. 

a. Thorax distinctly wider than head, punctured. 1873. bktjnnea. 

aa. Thorax not wider than head, not punctured. 1874. polita. 

1S73 (5946). Parandra brunnea Fab., Ent. Syst, Supp., 1798, 49. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Pale reddish to mahogany brown, shin- 
ing, the mandibles darker. Head wide, horizontal and, with the thorax, 
sparsely and rather finely but distinctly punctured. Thorax snbquadrate, 
widest at apex, the sides nearly straight, gradually converging to base; 
hind angles obtuse. Elytra parallel, margined, rounded at tip, not striate; 
surface more finely punctured than thorax. Length 9-18 mm. 

Throughout the State; rather scarce. August 20-September 27. 
Occurs in late summer and fall beneath bark of soft maple, red oak, 
etc., usually in damp localities. The larva? live in the trees about 
which adults are found. 

1874 (5947). Parandra polita Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1S35, 192; 
ibid. IT. 6G2. 

Form and size of hrunnca. Differs in having thorax more slender, not 
wider than head, often "blackish-ferruginous ;" hind angles almost rounded. 
Head and thorax not punctured, excepting the former just behind the eyes, 
where the punctures are numerous. Elytra minutely punctured. 

Described from Indiana, probably Posey County. Not seen by 
me from the State. Dury chopped three from the heart of a dead 
beech tree near Cincinnati in August. Probably occurs through- 
out the southern third of State, but everywhere rare. 

Family LIT. CE R AM B Y Oil) M . 

The Long-horned Wood-boring Beetles. 

A family of large size, comprising beetles usually of an oblong 
or elongate, more or less cylindrical form, but sometimes very much 



[G4— 23402] 



1008 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCID^E. 



flattened, with only the thorax cylindrical. All agree in having 
the antenna} very long, these organs being with few exceptions much 
longer than the head and thorax and often longer than the entire 
body. However, in but one genus (Prionus) are they more than 11- 
jointed, the great length of the individual joints causing the in- 
crease in length of the organ. The family name is from the generic 
name Cerambyx given by Linnaeus, which is from the Greek and 
means "a beetle and horn," and the Latin word Longicomes, often 
given to the family, means also ' ' long-horns. ' ' 

The color is variable, often very handsome, and the beetles are 
therefore great favorites among collectors. They are usually strong 
fliers and swift runners ; but many of them have the habit of re- 
maining motionless, as if dazed, upon the trunks or limbs of trees 
and can then be readily picked up by the fingers. When so caught 
they generally vent their anger by making a peculiar squeaking or 
stridulating noise by rapidly moving the pro- upon the meso-thorax. 
Many species of the family may be taken by carefully beating 
branches (especially if partially dead) and flowers, over a sheet or 
an umbrella, Dead logs should be searched, on both the upper and 
under surfaces, and particularly freshly cut timber or sawed lum- 
ber. A morning spent in a woodyard will often repay one richly 
in rare specimens. Some are to be found commonly under bark and 
may be trapped by loosely fastening pieces of bark to a tree over 
night and examining the under side of the bark in the morning. 
A great number fly to lights after dusk. Dead twigs and branches 
may be sawed or cut off, preferably during the autumn months, and 
kept in large boxes or in an empty room until the beetles are dis- 
closed through the development of the larva? contained therein. 

The principal characters of the Cerambycida?, briefly stated, are 
as follows: Labial palpi three-jointed; maxilla? with two lobes, 
clothed at the tip with bristles ; mandibles usually curved and acute 
at tip, sometimes, though rarely, very long ; eyes usually transverse, 
frequently deeply emarginate or even entirely divided; antenna? 
inserted either in front of or between the eyes, often borne on large 
frontal tubercles, their sensitive surfaces differing in the tribes; 
thorax not margined except in the first subfamily; elytra usually 
with distinct epipleura? and covering the abdomen, the latter with 
five free ventral segments, the sixth visible in many males and occa- 
sionally in both sexes; iegs usually slender, hind coxa? transverse; 
tarsi apparently 4-jointed, joints one to three furnished beneath 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1009 



with brushes of hair, third joint emarginate or bilobed, fourth 
small, rounded, united with the fifth ; claws simple, rarely cleft. 

The larva? or grubs of the Longicornes are white or yellowish 
borers, with body tapering slightly from head to tail and possessing 
powerful jaws which enable them to penetrate the solid or heart 
wood of trees or shrubs. Only a few of them live in the sap wood, 
but on dead or dying trees or in stumps they occur beneath the bark 
and wood, often in such numbers as to completely detach the bark. 
They are more or less cylindrical, the joints well marked, the tho- 
racic joints enlarged. They resemble the grubs of the Buprestids, 
but are not flattened, hence are called ' ' round-headed borers. ' ' The 
larval state usually lasts two or three years and the pupal stage is 
passed within the burrow made by the grub ; usually within a small 
cavity partitioned off by a plug of chips or within a crude cell 
formed of minute gnawed fragments of wood. 

The literature treating of the North American species of the 
family is extensive and widely scattered. The principal papers 
treating of the family as a whole are herewith mentioned. Others 
dealing with isolated tribes or genera will be mentioned in their 
proper sequence. 

Haldeman, S. S. — "Materials towards a History of the Coleop- 

tera Longicornia of the United States," in Trans. Amer. 

Phil. Bog., X, 1845. 27-66. Corrections and additions to same 

in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1817, 371-376. 
LeConte. — "An Attempt to Classify the Longicorn Coleoptera 

of America North of Mexico," in Joarn. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., I, 1850, 311-310; II, 1851, 5-38; 1852, 99-112, 139-178. 
Leng, C. W. — "Synopses of Cerambycida?, " in Bull. Brook. Ent. 

Soc, VII, 1884-85, and Entom. Amer., I, II, III and VI, 

1885-1890. 

Wickham, H. F. — "The Cerambycida* of Ontario and Quebec," 
in Can. Ent., XXIX, 1897; XXX, 1898. 

Nearly 13,000 species of Cerambycida? are known, about 620 of 
which are from the United States. The family is divided into three 
subfamilies, separated by characters pertaining to the thorax, palpi 
and front tibia?. The thorax may be one of two types, viz., (a) 
"margined," when it is flattened with the edges sharp and thin for 
almost the whole length, at the same time being usually toothed ; or 
( b) "not margined, " when it is cylindrical or rounded on the sides, 
which may be spined, tuberculate or plain. The palpi may (a) 
have the terminal joint more or less compressed and sub triangular, 



1010 



FAMILY L1I. CERAMBYCIDiE. 



or (b) cylindrical and pointed at the tip. The front tibiae may have 
an oblique sulcus or groove on the inner surface, or this groove may 
be lacking. By combinations of two or more of these characters the 
subfamilies are separated by the following : 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF CEBAMBYCIDiE. 

(/. Thorax margined; labruin firmly united with the clypeus; body usually 
broad and depressed. Subfamily I. Pbionin^e, p. 1010. 

aa. Thorax not margined ; labrum free ; body usually oblong, more or less 
cylindrical. 

b. Front tibiae not grooved; last joint of palpi not acute at tip, often 
sub triangular. Subfamily II. Cebambycin.e, p. 1013. 

bb. Front tibia? with an oblique groove on the inner side; palpi with last 
joint cylindrical, pointed at tip. 

Subfamily III. Lamiin^, p. 1060. 

Subfamily I. PRIONINAE. 

Large-sized brown or blackish beetles having the elytra usually 
leather-like in appearance ; mandibles strong, frequently elongated 
in the males; last joint of palpi triangular; front coxae transverse, 
with distinct trochantin. The mesosternnm is without stridulating 
surfaces, but some of the species produce a noise in the same way as 
do certain grasshoppers, i. e., by rubbing the hind femora against 
the edge of the elytra. They are slow-moving insects, flying only in 
the evening. Some of the tropical forms are the longest of beetles, 
measuring five to six inches in length. The larvre are broad, some- 
what flattened and have six very small but distinct feet. The sub- 
family is separated into ten genera, only three of which are repre- 
sented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEBA OF PBIONIN^. 

a. Sides of thorax with two or three distinct teeth ; eyes strongly granu- 
late. 

J). Form elongate, parallel ; antennae 11-jointed, more slender, the joints 
not overlapping. I. Oethosoma. 

bb. Form stout, broad; antennae (in our. species) 12-20- jointed, more or 
less overlapping, especially in the male. II. Pbionus. 

aa. Sides of thorax with one small, obtuse tooth near the base; eyes finely 
granulate. III. Sphenostethus. 

I. Orthosoma Dej. 1834. (Q-r., " straight + body.") 

This genus is represented by a single large species having the 
hind femora not deeply sulcate beneath and with several short, 
elevated ridges on the inner side ? 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



loll 



1875 (5958). Orthosoma brunnetjm Forst, Nov. 
Spec. Ins.. 1771, 37. 
Elongate, parallel. Uniform light chestnut- 
brown, shining. Head with a deep impression be- 
tween the antennse. Thorax more than twice as 
wide as long, each side with three sharp teeth. 
Elytra each with three hue raised lines, surface 
finely and rather thickly punctured. Fifth ventral 
segment rounded in female, broadly truncate in 
male, leaving the sixth visible. Length 22—10 mm. 
(Fig. 423.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 29- 
August 14, Often enters honses to which it is 
attracted by light. The larvae are supposed to Fig m . Natural size, 
live only in pine, but evidently feed on oak (After Riley.) 

and walnut trees in Central Indiana, where pine are absent, 

II. Prionus Geoff. 1764. (Gr., "a saw.") ~ 

Very large, broad forms having the antennal joints conical, 
stout and overlapping in male; more slender and subserrate in fe- 
male; the surface of the fourth and following joints covered with 
fine, reticulate, elevated lines bearing special sense organs ; thorax 
armed each side with two or three sharp teeth; elytra broadly 
rounded at apex, punctate and ornamented with raised lines. Three 
of the six recognized species occur in the State. 

KEY TO IXDIAXA SPECIES OF PRIOXUS. 

a. Antennal joints 12 ; soles of hind tarsi densely pubescent. 

b. Elytra at base not wider than thorax; all 
joints of hind tarsi densely pubescent 
beneath. 1ST6. laticollis. 

bb. Elytra at base wider than thorax; basal 
joint of hind tarsi nearly smooth. 

1ST7. POCTJLARIS. 
aa. Antennal joints 16-20; soles of hind tarsi 
with scattered hairs. 1S7S. imbricornis. 

1S76 (5959). Prionus laticollis Drury. 111. 

Nat. Hist.. II. 1773, S3. 
Broad, stout. Piceous black, shining. An- 
tenna^ of male longer than body : of female about 
one-half the length. Thorax almost or quite as 
Fig. 424. Female. Natural si ze . ^vond as the base of elytra, sides with three 
(After LeBaron.) teeth, the hindmost one often indistinct; these 

sometimes slightly reflexed. Elytra broader at base than apex; each with 
three slightly elevated lines: surface roughly, coarsely and very irregu- 





1012 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCID.E. 



larly punctured. All the joints of bind tarsi densely pubescent beneatb, 
witb a smootb median channel. Length 22— 17 mm. (Fig. 424.) 

Southern half of State; scarce. June 20-August 7. The fe- 
males are always much larger than the males. The beetle is known 
as the "Broad-necked Prionus" and the larvae are said to injure the 
grape, apple, poplar and pine by boring into the roots. 

1877 (5960). Prionus poculabis Dalm., Schoenh. Syst. Ins., I, 1817, 148. 
More slender and parallel and witb antennae more slender than in lati- 

collis. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax narrower tban base of ely- 
tra, the teeth never reflexed. Elytra with sides straight, almost parallel ; 
surface more sparsely and much less roughly sculptured than in laticollis. 
Length 25—15 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. June 20. Said to occur in the Middle and 
Southern States. 

1878 (5962). Pbionus imbbicobnis Linn., Syst. Nat, XII, 1780, 622. 

Broad, stout. Dark reddish-brown, 

shining. Antennae 18-20- jointed, male; 
16-18- jointed, female ; the joints of male 
conical, each one hollowed to receive 
tbe next and with the lower edge pro- 
longed; those of female more slender 
and simply serrate. Thorax very short 
and broad, the hind tooth indistinct. 
Elytra of female more convex than 
male ; surface roughly and rather dense- 
ly sculptured. Length 22-47 mm. (Fig. 
125.) 

Knox and Crawford counties; 
Fig. 425. Male. Natural size, scarce. July 4— July 9. Known as 

the "Tile-horned Prionus" on ac- 
count of the joints of antennae overlapping like the tile of a roof. 
The larva? infest the roots of the grape and pear and also feed upon 
the roots of herbaceous plants. A member of the Austroriparian 
fauna. 

III. Sphenostethus Hald. 1845. (Or., "wedge + breast. ") 
Head small, much narrower than thorax; the latter larger, 
trapezoidal, smooth ; presternum deeply emarginate behind for the 
reception of the mesosternum. 

1879 (5968). Sphexostethus taslei Bug;., Ann. Fr.. 1841, 39. 
Elongate, tapering behind. Black, feebly shining ; elytra often more or 

less reddish-brown. Antennae slender, about one-half length of body, slightly 
compressed and serrate. Thorax narrower at apex, subconvex. obtusely 
toothed near base, surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra tapering, 
separated near apex, tips finely serrate; surface finely and rather sparsely 
punctate. Length 27-29 mm. 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1013 



Montgomery County; rare. August 26. Taken from hemlock 
at Bloomingdale Glens. 

Subfamily II. CERAMBYCINAE. 

The only characters available for separating this subfamily are 
those given in the key, viz., thorax not margined; labrum separate 
from the front; front tibiae not obliquely sulcate; palpi never 
acute at tip ; antenna always pubescent. The subfamily is of great 
extent, embracing many genera which are very difficult to separate 
in easily understood terms. The first distinguishing character 
used, viz., the " enveloping of the base of the antennas by the eyes," 
is apt to cause trouble if not properly understood. To make it 
plain, the antenna) should be extended forward from the head. In 
this position it will be seen that in those genera where the "base of 
the antennas is partially enveloped by the eyes," a line passing 
from the front or inner border of the upper lobe of the eye to a 
corresponding spot on the lower lobe will pass through the antenna! 
socket, whereas in the genera where "not enveloped," this line 
would run behind the socket. All genera in which the eyes are 
entire are of course "not enveloped," while those in which the eyes 
are emarginate may be partially enveloped or not. The subfamily 
is first separated into four Divisions, all of which are represented 
in Indiana, and these in turn into tribes and genera. 

KEY TO DIVISIONS OF CERAMBYCINiE. 

a. Base of antennae not enveloped by the eyes. 

1). Front coxae transverse, not prominent; antennae with second joint 
rather large, one-third or more the length of third; head inserted 
in the thorax. Division I. Callidioides. p. 101.3. 

1)1). Front coxae conical (globose in Distenia), prominent; second joint 
of antennae small; head usually attached to thorax by a neek ; ely- 
tra usually tapering behind the middle. 

Division IV. Lepturoides, p. 1042. 
an. Base of antenna; partly enveloped by the eyes; head inserted in the 
thorax. 

c. Second joint of antennae small, not over one-fourth the length of third 
(except in Microelytus) ; front coxae not conical, though sometimes 
prominent. Division II. Cerambycoides, p. 1020. 

cc. Second joint of antennae about one-third the length of third joint ; 
front coxae globose, widely separated. 

Division III. Atimioioes. p. 1041. 

Division I. CALLIDIOIDES. 

This division is separated into two tribes, both of which are 
represented in Indiana. 



101-4 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDzE. 



KEY TO TRIBES OF CALLIDIOIDES. 

a. Ligula horn-like ; eyes variable ; second joint of antennae more than one- 
third as long as third. Tribe I. Asemini, p. 1014. 
aa. Ligula membranous; eyes finely granulate; second joint of antennae not 
more than one-third as long as third. 

Tribe IT. Callidiini, p. 1010. 
Tribe I. ASEMINI. 

In this tribe the antenna? are densely punctured and pubescent, 
with the second joint nearly half the length of third and the 11th 
simple ; front coxa- transverse, with distinct trochantin, the cavities 
open behind; scutellum rounded behind; males with fifth ventral 
segment transverse and sixth segment visible; females with fifth 
segment prolonged, sixth invisible. In this and many of the fol- 
lowing tribes the character of the granulation of the eyes is much 
used in separating the genera, In those which are "coarsely gran- 
ulate" the lines between the facets are deeply impressed. In the 
second group the granulations are much finer, the lines feebly im- 
pressed, the surface of the eye appearing almost plane. Repre- 
sentatives of three of the seven genera comprising the tribe have 
been taken in the State, while those of another probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ASEMINI. 

a. Color black or dark brown; form cylindrical, scarcely depressed; epi- 
mera of mesothorax truncate at inner end. 
h. Eyes not wholly divided, often deeply emarginate. 

a Eyes moderate in size, transverse, finely granulated and hairy ; an- 
tennae finely pubescent. Asemum. 
cc, Eyes large, coarsely granulated, not hairy. IV. Criocephalfs. 
hb. Eyes divided, apparently four in number, rather finely granulated. 

V. Tetropifm. 

aa. Color pale yellowish; form depressed; epimera of mesothorax narrowed 
and acutely pointed at inner end. VI. Smodicum. 

Asemum mmstum HaJd., black, opaque, thorax rounded at sides, 
length 12-15 mm., ranges from "Lake Superior to Florida and 
eastward. " 



IV. Criocephalus Mtils. 1839. (Gr., "a ram + head.") 

This genus comprises seven rather large, subcylindrical species, 
having the eyes coarsely granulated, not hairy and the thorax with 
two to four large and shallow depressions on the disk. One of the 
seven has been taken in Indiana and another may occur. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1015 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRIOCEPHALUS. 

a. Third joint of hind tarsi emarginate for half its length, two-thirds 
longer than wide : elytra finely punctured. agrestis. 
a a. Third joint of hind tarsi bilobed. cleft nearly to base, very little longer 
than wide; elytra more coarsely punctured. 1SS0. obsoletus. 

C. agrestis Kirby, pieeous, length 22-27 nun., is said to inhabit 
"the United States east of Rocky Mountains." 

1850 (5978). Criocephalus obsoletus Rand.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. II. 

1S3S. 27. 

Elongate, snbcylindrical. Dark sooty or smoky brown. Front of head 
with an impressed line. Thorax subrotimd. sides rounded, apex and base 
truncate, the latter more narrow : disk finely and densely punctate and with 
a distinct oval impression each side of middle. Elytra each with two finely 
elevated lines, surface more coarsely punctate than thorax. Length 20- 
24 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 25. Taken from the vvashup of Lake 
Michigan. Occurs in C1 western New York and Canada." its larvaB 
feeding upon pine. 

V. Tetropium Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "four + eyes.") 

Oblong, subeylindrieal species having the eyes divided by a 
deep emargination into an upper and lower portion; these parts 
connected along the hind margin by a narrow band on which the 
facets or granulations are obsolete. 

1851 (5982). Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby. Faun. Bor. Ainer.. IV. 

1S37. 174. 

Oblong, subeylindrieal. Dull sooty or slaty brown: under surface, legs 
and often the sides of elytra reddish-brown. Head and thorax slightly 
shining, closely but distinctly punctured: the latter subrotimd without dis- 
cal impressions. Elytra opaque, more finely punctured than thorax, each 
with two feeble raised lines. Length 12-14 mm. 

T aPorte County: scarce. June 5. Two specimens beneath bark 
of pine. 

VI. S modicum ITald. 1845. (Gr.. li with protuberances. ") 

Front broad, short and perpendicular: the eyes coarsely granu- 
lated and very deeply emarginate ; antenna? scarcely as long as 
body, male: shorter and more slender, female: the joints polished, 
sparsely punctured and pilose. One species occurs from Xew Eng- 
land to Texas. 



1016 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDtE. 



1882 (5985). Smodicum cucujiforme Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1826, 277 ; ibid. II, 334. 

Elongate, narrow, depressed. Pale, dull yellow, shining ; antennae slightly 
darker. Thorax longer than broad, slightly contracted before the middle; 
surface, together with that of elytra, rather sparsely, finely and irregularly 
punctured. Femora much dilated. Length 7-8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. July 2-November 24. Occurs 
beneath the close fitting bark of dead poplar, oak, locust and linn 
trees. Has the form and habits of a number of the Cucujidae, 
whence the specific name. 

Tribe II. CALLIDIINI. 

The species of this tribe are more or less flattened, but not very 
slender in form, and the thorax and elytra are never armed with 
spines. The eyes are finely granulate and deeply emarginate ; head 
small with the front short and perpendicular ; front coxal cavities 
transverse, open behind, the coxa* with large trochantin. Males 
with antennas usually longer than body and thicker at base than in 
females ; the fifth ventral segment short, subemarginate. Four 
genera are known, to be represented in the State, while two others 
probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CALLIDIINI. 

a. Elytra with narrow raised white lines ; thorax with very deep median 
groove ; thighs strongly clubbed. VII. Physocnemum. 

aa. Elytra without distinct raised white lines. 

h. Thorax very short, strongly rounded on the sides ; upper surface en- 
tirely opaque; black, thorax red. Rhopalopus. 
bl). Thorax not very short, the width not much exceeding the length ; up- 
per surface more or less shining, 
c. Front coxae contiguous, the prosternum very narrow and pointed. 

d. Palpi unequal, the labial much the shorter ; thorax rounded. 

VIII. Phymatodes. 
dd. Palpi about equal ; mesosternum obtusely triangular. 

IX. Callidium. 

cc. Front coxae at least moderately separated. 

e. Dorsal surface of thorax with narrow median elevation and 

moderate or small ones on the sides ; prosternum broad ; hind 
coxae inclosed. Hylotrupes. 
ee. Dorsal surface of thorax with a broad, smooth, shining median 
space on basal half ; elytra with more or less distinct but 
broken whitish markings. X. Merium. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1017 



VII. Physocnemum Hald. 1847. (Gr., " bladder + leg.") 

To this genus belong two species having the femora strongly 
club-shaped; antenna} 11- jointed, longer than the body and taper- 
ing to the end in male; as long as body and almost filiform in fe- 
male, the humeri prominent and rectangular. One of the two oc- 
curs in Indiana. 

1883 (5988). Physocnemum bkevilineum Say, 
Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 
1824, 413 ; ibid. II, 194. 

Elongate-oblong. Black; elytra bluish-black, 
shining, each with three short raised whitish lines 
on middle third placed side by side, the inner one 
slightly oblique, usually a fourth line in front of 
the middle one of these. Thorax subglobose, with a 
rounded tubercle each side near the middle ; apical 
half and sides covered with dense, short, velvet- 
like hairs. Elytra granulate-punctate, sparsely pu- 
bescent. Length 12.5-16 mm. (Fig. 426.) 

Madison, Putnam and Posey counties; 
scarce. June 11- July 1. Occurs about elm 
trees, in the wood of which the larvae bore. 

Rhopalopus sanguinicollis Horn, length 
15-19 mm., is known from New York and 

Ohio. i Fig. 428. X 2i (After Forbes.) 

VIII. Phymatodes Muls. 1 840. ( Gr., ' ' growth + similar. ' ' ) 

To this genus belong 16 species, all of rather small size, usually 
bright in color and having the prosternum very narrow and 
pointed ; hind coxa? not prominent and not enclosed ; thorax 
rounded, usually sparsely punctured and shining. Three have been 
taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYMATODES. 

a. Elytra without narrow cross-bands. 
1). Thorax yellowish ; surface metallic. 

c. Larger, 12-13 mm. ; elytra and legs yellow more or less marked 
with blue. 1884. vaeiabilis. 

cc. Smaller, 5-9 mm. 

d. Elytra blue, antennae dark. 1885. amcenus. 

dd. Elytra piceous. uvidus. 
1)1). Thorax dark; elytra of lighter shade before the middle; length 9- 
12.5 mm. dimidiatus. 
aa. Elytra with two narrow white or yellowish cross-bands; length 6- 
9 mm. 1S86. vaeius. 




1018 



FAMILY LIT. — CERAMBYCTDyE. 




1884 (5993). Phymatodes vaeiabilis Fab., Faun. Suec.; 

192. 

Elongate-oblong. Head blackish ; thorax reddish-yellow, 
the disk often darker ; elytra yellow, or blue with yellow 
along sides; femora usually yellow, often blue. Thorax 
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, both it and elytra 
with scattered pubescence. Length 12-13 mm. (Fig. 427.) 

Monroe, Fosey and Dubois counties; scarce. May 
11-June 17. Probably throughout the State. The 
larvae breed in oak, 

1885 (5996). 



Phymatodes amcentjs Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. 
Hist, III, 1823, 413 ; ibid. II, 193. 
Oblong, slender, subdepressed. Reddish-yellow ; elytra 
blue, shining ; antenme, tibiae and tarsi piceous. Thorax sub- 
cylindrical, sparsely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra 
parallel, tips rounded, surface with rather coarse punctures, 
each bearing a stiff, short hair. Length 5-8 mm. (Fig. 
428.) 

Throughout the State • frequent. May 11-June 5. 
Beaten from wild grape, in the stems of which tht 
larvae bore ; also occurs on flowers of yarrow and other 
herbs. 

P. lividus Rossi., thorax yellowish, darker at sides, PacJSrd^nFifthiiep 
length 9 mm., is known from "Canada and the Middle u. s, Ent. Comm.) 



Fig. 427. (After 
Smith in Fifth Rep. 
U. S. Ent. Comm.) 




States." 
States." 




P. dimidiatus Kirby, is said to inhabit the "United 

1880 (6004). Phymatodes vaeius Fab., Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 
241. 



Elongate, rather slender, subcylindrical. Black, pubes- 
cent with prostrate hairs; thorax at least in part and basal 
portion of elytra often reddish-brown, the latter each with 
two narrow whitish crossbars, one curved in front of middle, 
the other nearly transverse, on apical third. Thorax rounded, 
\ ^\ rn ther sparsely and coarsely pimctured. Elytra finely granu- 
v --^ y late-punctate. Length 6-9 mm. (Fig. 429.) 

Marion County ; rare. January 17-January 24. 
Fig. 429. (After Two specimens presented by Harold Morrison; taken 

Smith in Fifth Rep. n l j x. i 

u. s. Ent. Comm.) from cellar where wood was stored. 



IX. Callidium Fab. 1775. (Gr., "beautiful + little.") 

To this genus belong six species having the palpi about equal in 
size ; mesosternum obtusely triangular ; form flatter than in Phyma- 
todes and with stouter antennae, especially in male. Three species 
may be looked for in Indiana, though but one has been taken. 



TTT.E LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1010 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIDIUM. 



a. Thorax and elytra blue. 

J). Thorax finely punctured and impressed. 
bh. Thorax deeply punctured, not impressed. 
aa. Thorax and elytra dull" brownish-yellow. 



1887. 



ANTENNATUM. 
JANTHINUM. 
JEREUM. 




Fig. 430. Callidium ardennatum. 



1887 (6008). Callidium antennatum Newm., 
Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 393. 
Elongate-o b 1 on g, subdepressed. Deep 
blackish-blue. Antennae longer than body, 
thickened at base, each joint in male clubbed 
at outer end. Thorax wider than elytra in 
male, about as wide, female; sides broadly 
rounded, surface finely and densely punctate, 
and with a rounded impression each side of 
middle. Elytra deeply and roughly punctate. 
Length 13-14 mm. (Fig. 430.) 

Laporte County ; scarce. June 21, 
Breeds in pine, about which the adults 
are usually found. 

C. janthinum Lee, length 10-13 nun., was described from Texas 
and has been recorded from Cincinnati. C. cereum Newm., length 
8.5-12 mm., is said to inhabit the Atlantic States. 

Hylotrupes Ugneus Fab. (Fig. 431), black, elytra yellow or red 
with black markings, length 7-12 mm., occurs from Maine to Cali- 
fornia and has been recorded from Cincin- 
nati; II. bajalus Linn., elytra black with 
gray pubescence, length 19-23 mm., in- 
habits the " United States." 

X. Merium Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "the 
hip.") 

This genus contains but the single spe- 
cies : 

1S88 (6007). Merium peoteus Kirby, Faun. Bor. 
Amer., IV, 1837, 172. 
Oblong-subdepressed. Head and thorax dull 
blue; elytra greenish-yellow with nodules or 
broken lines of ivory white on basal half; fe- 
mora reddish-yellow ; antennae, tibiae and tarsi 
dusky. Thorax short, broad, sides rounded ; sur- 
face densely punctured, except the shining, 
smooth space on basal half, which bears a few 
coarse punctures each side. Elytra coarsely and 
Length 11-14 mm. 




Fig. 431. (After Smith) in Fifth Rep. 
U. S. Ent, Comm.) 



roughly punctate 

Marion County; rare. 



May 25. A northern species. 



1020 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYClDiE. 



Division II. CERAMBYCOIDES. 

This division, distinguished only by the characters given in the 
key, is divided into 12 tribes, seven of which are represented in 
Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CERAMBYCOIDES. 

a. Eyes coarsely granulated. 

b. Front coxal cavities open behind. Tribe I. Cerambycini, p. 1020. 
bl). Front coxal cavities angulated, closed behind ; length less than 7 mm. 

Tribe II. Obettni, p. 1027. 

aa. Eyes finely granulated. 

c. Elytra either only about as loug as thorax or elongated and awl- 

shaped. Tribe III. Stenoptini. p. 1028. 

cc. Elytra normal, not abbreviated nor awl-shaped. 

d. Scutellmn either rounded behind or broadly triangular. 

e. Tibial spurs small ; legs long and slender ; thighs very slender at 
base, strongly and suddenly club-shaped at apex; front coxal 
cavities open behind. Tribe IV. Rhopalophorini. p. 1029. 
ee. Tibial spurs large; thorax never with tubercles or spines. 

f. Tibiae strongly carinated ; form slender ; punctuation sparse 
and coarse. Tribe VI. Stenosphenini, p. 1031. 

//. Tibiae not carinated ; form usually stouter ; punctuation fine. 

Tribe VII. Clytini, p. 1032. 
dd. Scutellum acutely triangular; front coxal cavities open behind. 

Tribe V. Trachyderini, p. 1029. 

Tribe I. CERAMBYCINI. 

This tribe embraces all genera of the subfamily having the eyes 
strongly granulated ; front coxal cavities open ; abdomen normal in 
.both sexes ; antennae with the second joint small. The scutellum is 
rounded behind, except in Chion; antennae long without distinctive 
sensitive spaces; mandibles acute at tip; elytra not abbreviated; 
eyes not divided, though always deeply emarginate. About 25 
genera belong to the tribe, seven of which are known to be repre- 
sented in Indiana, while four others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CERAMBYCINI. 

a. Body with six cross-bands of yellow pubescence; ligula more or less 
horn-like ; palpi unequal, dilated. XI. Dryobius. 

aa. Body with not more than one yellow cross-band. 
1). Ligula more or less horn-like. 

c. Epimera of mesosternum large ; front trochantins not visible : 

length 16 mm. Achryson. 

cc. Epimera of mesosternum small ; length 6-S mm. Gracilia. 
1)1). Ligula membranous. 

d. Front coxal cavities angulated; antennae, thighs and elytra not 

spinose ; length 14.5 mm. Stromatium. 
dd. Front coxal cavities rounded. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1021 



e. Scutellum acute, triangular; antennae very long, sulcate; thorax 
with spine on each side. XII. Chion. 

ee. Scutellum rounded behind. 

f. Elytra with elliptical, elevated ivory-like spots in pairs. 

XIII. Ebubia. 

//. Elytra without raised ivory-like spots. 

g. Femora not strongly clubbed; antennal joints and elytra 
with spines. 

h. Larger species (19-28 mm.) ; side pieces of metathorax 

narrower behind. XIV. Romaleum. 

7/7/,. Smaller species (8-19 mm.) ; side pieces of metathorax 
parallel. XV. Elaphidion. 

gg. Femora strongly clubbed ; elytra without spines at tip. 

i. Antennae bisulcate on outer side. XVI. Tylonotus. 
ii. Antennae not sulcate nor hairy. 

j. Middle coxal cavities rounded ; length 7.5-11 mm. 

XVII. Hetebachthes. 
jj. Middle coxal cavities angulated ; length 13 mm. 

Zamodes. 



XL Dryobius Lee. 1850. (Gr., "oak + live.") 

Antennas 11-jointecl, ranch longer than body in male, and densely 
pubescent on under side with long brownish hair ; thorax depressed, 
with obtuse tubercles ; elytra subtruncate or broadly emarginate at 
apex. One species occurs in the Mississippi Valley. 

1889 (6022). Deyobius sexfasciatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 
1824, 415 ; ibid. II, 195. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Black, 
shining; thorax with two and ely- 
tra with four conspicuous cross- 
bands of bright yellow pubescence; 
top of head, clypeus and scutellum 
also yellow ; antennae and legs red- 
dish-brown. Thorax with sides a 
rounded, surface coarsely and fts 
sparsely punctured, with three 




smooth, blunt tubercles. Elytra with 
the smooth black spaces finely and 
sparsely punctured. Length 19- 
27 mm. (Fig. 432.) 

Putnam, Posey and Craw- 
ford counties ; scarce. June 13- 
July 4. Occurs beneath the 
loose bark of dead beech and 
maple, in the wood of which the larvaa bore. One of the most hand- 
some members of the family. The antennas of female are but little 
longer than the body ; those of male nearly twice as long. 

Achryson surinanuim Linn., reddish-brown, elytra with a lew 



Fig. 432. X H. (After Smith.) 



1022 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDyE. 



oblong black points, length 16 mm., ranges from the Middle States 
to Mexico. 

Gracilia minuta Fab., piceous, length 6 mm., is an introduced 
European species which occurs in the Atlantic States. 

Stromatiam pubescens Hald., pale yellowish-brown, length 14.5 
mm., is known from Pennsylvania. 

XII. Chion Newm. 1841. (Gr, "snow.") 
To this genus belongs the single species : 

1800 (603S). Chion cikctus Drury, 111. Nat. 
Hist., II, 1773, 85. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Brownish, 
sparsely clothed with fine grayish pubescence ; 
elytra usually with an oblique yellow blotch in 
front of middle. Antenna 1 of male much longer 
than in female, about the length of body. Tho- 
rax cylindrical with a short, sharp spine each 
side. Elytra finely and rather densely punctate, 
each with two short spines at apex. Length 16- 
32 mm. (Fig. 433.) 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 
25-June 18. Occurs beneath bark, most 
commonly that of hickory, in the wood of 
which the larvfe dwell ; also taken at light. 
The form with yellow spot on elytra, which 
is of most frequent occurrence in the State, 
is the one usually listed as var. gar g amicus Fab. 




Fig. 433. Natural size. 
(After Forbes. ) 



XIII. Eburia Serv. 1834. (Gr, "ivory.") 

The members of this genus are readily distinguished by the 
two pairs of ivory-white spots on each elytron. But one of the 
eleven known North American species occurs in the State. 

1S91 (6042). Eburia quadrigeminata Say, Journ. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 275 ; ibid. II, 333. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pale brownish-yel- 
low ; elytra each with two nearly equal oblong whitish spots 
at base, and a second pair just behind the middle, the outer 
one of which is nearly double the size of the inner. Thorax 
cylindrical, with two minute blackish tubercles on disk and 
a short, sharp spine each side. Elytra parallel, surface fine- 
ly and rather densely punctured ; tips each with two spines, 
the outer one of which is the longer. Middle and hind fe- 
mora each with two spines at apex. Length 14-24 mm. 
(Fig. 434.) 

Throughout the State ; scarce. July 2- August 31. 
Breeds in hickory, ash and honey locust. 




Fig. 434. Eburia 
q uadrigeminata. IS xi- 
ural size. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



XIV. Eomaleum White. 1855. (Gr., ''strong of body.") 

The species of this genus differ from the next, with which they 
are most closely allied, by their larger, more robust form and by 
the episterna of the metathorax being distinctly though slightly 
wider in front and gradually narrowed behind. The femora are 
not spinose and the spines of antennae are never long. The males 
have the antennae longer than body, the thorax densely and finely 
punctured with a median channel on basal half and a small rounded 
tubercle each side of middle. In the females the antennae are 
shorter, thorax more coarsely punctured with a median and two 
dorsal raised spaces. 

1892 (6050). Romaletjm atom ariu m Drury, 111. Nat. Hist, II, 1773, 93. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous brown with irregular spots of short 

grayish pubescence. Thorax cylindrical without spines on side. Elytra 
deeply, rather coarsely and densely punctured, each with two spines at 
apex. Length 19-28 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent in southern portion, scarce in 
northern counties. July 2-September 10. Occurs beneath bark of 
walnut, hickory and hackberry. 

1893 (6051). Romaleum KUFULUM Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1847, 32. 

Resembles atomarium in form and size. Reddish-brown with uniform 
pubescence of the same color. Thorax with a small tubercle each side of 
the median line, the latter widening into a triangular smooth raised spot 
on basal half. Length 22-28 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Spencer counties; rare. July 4- August 
17. The Spencer County specimen was sent in as a supposed 
" kissing bug." Occurs on oak and at light. The paler and uni- 
form colored pubescence readily distinguishes this from the pre- 
ceding. 

XV. Elaphidion Serv. 1834. ((h\. 1 1 a deer + little. ") 

Rather slender subcylindrical species, having the episterna of 
the metathorax scarcely wider in front than behind; antennae 
longer than body in male, shorter in female, and without distinct 
sensitive spaces. Four species have been taken in the State, while 
one other perhaps occurs. 

[65—23402] 



1024 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDiE. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE ELAPHIDION. 



a. Antennae and elytra with long spines ; thighs spinose at tip ; thorax of 
male and female similar with several small, smooth elevated spaces. 
6. Above glabrous with patches of white hair. irroeatum. 
66. Above clothed irregularly with grayish pubescence. 

1894. MUCRONATUM. 

aa. Antennal spines small ; thighs not spinose at tip ; thorax of male finely, 
female more coarsely punctured. 
o. Thorax rounded on sides, its disk with several smooth elevated 
spaces. 1895. incertum. 

cc. Thorax scarcely rounded on sides, nearly cylindrical. 

d. Body with distinct mottled pubescence; legs densely punctured and 
pubescent. 1896. villosum. 

dd. Body shining reddish-brown, scarcely pubescent; form very elon- 
gate. 1897. UNICOLOR. 

E. irroratum Linn., piceous, with patches of white hair, length 
19 mm., has been taken in Illinois and Ohio. 

1894 (605G). Elaphidion mucronatum 
Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., III, 1824. 427 ; 
ibid. II, 201. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull 
reddish-brown, irregularly clothed with 
grayish-yellow pubescence. Antennae with 
joints 3-5 each with a distinct spine, that 
of the third joint one-half or more the 
length of the fourth joint. Thorax nearly 
cylindrical, sides feebly rounded; disk 
coarsely and sparsely punctured, with the 
median line and two small rounded spaces 
each side smooth and slightly elevated. 
Elytra irregularly and somewhat coarsely 
punctured, the tips each with two spines, 
the outer one the longer. Length 15-19 mm. 
(Fig. 435.) 

Knox, Posey and Crawford conn- 
ties ; scarce. June 9-August 29. Oc- 
curs on or about oak, hackberry, 
sugar maple and dogwood, in the wood of which the larvae 




Fig. 435. 
No. 



2\. (After Chittenden in Bull. 
New Ser. U. S. Div. Ent.) 



beech, 
bore. 



1895 (6058.). Elaphidion incertum Xewin.. Entomologist, 1840, 28. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, mottled 
with small patches of grayish-brown pubescence. Antennae with joints 3-5 
armed with very short spines. Thorax subglobose, wider than long, sides 
rounded; median line smooth, polished, widest behind the middle and with 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1025 




Fig. 436: X 2. 



(After Chittenden in Bull. No. 18, New Per., 
U. S. Div. Ent.) 

Length 11.5-17 mm. (Fig. 



two small, smooth elevations each side, the front one rounded, the other 
oblong, the two sometimes connected. Elytra deeply, rather sparsely and 
finely punctured, the tips each with two short spines. Length 14-17 mm. 

Throughout the State; much more frequent in the southern 
counties. June 25-September 20. 

1896 (G062). Elaphidion villosum Fab., Ent. Syst.. I, 1798, 302. 

Elongate, slender, subcyl- 
indrical. Dark brown, clothed 
with grayish-yellow, some- 
what mottled pubescence; an- 
tennae and legs reddish-brown. 
Antennae of female shorter, 
those of male longer, than 
body, joints 3-5 armed with 
short spines. Thorax cylin- 
drical unarmed, surface 
coarsely, deeply and rather ru- 
gosely punctured. Elytra par- 
allel, deeply and rather coarse- 
ly punctured, the tips each 
with two short spines, the outer one the longer 
436.) 

Throughout the State; common. May 11-July 11. This spe- 
cies is the well-known ' ' oak-pruner, " which does much damage to 
oak and other trees by cutting off the small leaf-bearing twigs. Ac- 
cording to Chittenden* it attacks almost every woody plant that 
grows, including all the more common forms of fruit trees. The 
severed twigs vary in length from a few inches to two or three feet 
and sometimes are more than an inch in diameter. An examina- 
tion of one, and sometimes of both ends of one of the twigs will 
show a smoothly cut surface, near the center of which will be seen 
a more or less oval opening plugged up with a wad of a material 
composed of fine shavings and sawdust. If one of these limbs be 
split open a larva or pupa will be found. The larva is subcylin- 
drical, soft and fleshy, and of a whitish or light-yellowish color. It 
is provided with legs which are, however, somewhat rudimentary 
and of little service to the creature as organs of locomotion. 

"The pruning process is not always in itself especially injurious, 
but the ultimate effects are apt to be more serious. The fallen 
twigs serve as a breeding place for hosts of other wood borers, many 
of which are injurious to timber. Among these are some which do 
not hesitate, in default of an abundance of dead wood, to attack and 
inju re living trees. In case this beetle becomes injuriously abun- 

*Bull. 18, New Ser., U. S. Div. Ent.., 1898, 37. 



1026 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCTD^E. 



dant, it may be readily controlled by gathering the infested twigs 
during the winter and burning them before the following spring. 

E. parallelum Newm. of the lists, formerly separated from vtt- 
losum by having the "thorax distinctly longer than wide," is now 
considered a synonym, as the differences are indistinguishable in a 
large series. 

j 

1897 (6069). Elaphidion unicolok Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 

1838, 42. 

Elongate, very slender, subcylindrical. Uniform light reddish-brown, 
very sparsely pubescent. Joints 3 and 4 of antennae each with a short spine 
at apex. Thorax cylindrical, nearly one-half longer than broad, sparsely 
and irregularly punctate. Elytra deeply and rather closely punctured, the 
tips each with a short spine on outer side. Length 8-12 mm. 

Throughout the State: scarce. June 1-July 29. Occurs about 
red-bud and wild plum, in the twigs of which the larvae dwell ; also 
taken at light. 

XVI. Tylonotus Hald. 1847. (Gr., " a knot + back. ") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States and Indi- 
ana by a single medium-sized species having the femora strongly 
clubbed ; antennae as long as body, compressed and with two grooves 
or sulci on the outer side, these more noticeable on the third and 
fourth joints. 

1898 (6079). Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1847, 38. 

Elongate, rather robust, subdepressed. Dark brown or piceous ; elytra 
each with two rather large, somewhat rounded yellow spots, one near mid- 
dle, the other near apex ; femora yellowish except at base and apex. Tho- 
rax short, nearly cylindrical, thickly punctured ; median line and two small 
raised spaces smooth. Elytra coarsely and rather sparsely punctured, not 
spined at tip. Length 12-16 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 8. The larva? bore in ash wood 
and the adults usually occur about these trees. 

XVII. Heterachthes Newm. 1840. (Gr., " different + load.") 

Very elongate species having the eyes large and coarsely granu- 
lated ; femora strongly clubbed ; antennae of female slender ; of male 
with joints 3-6 thickened throughout their full length; second joint 
very minute in both sexes. One of the three known species occurs 
in Indiana. 



THE LONG- HORNED WOOD-BORING BEKTLKS. 



1027 



1899 (6084). Hetekachthes quadeimaculatus Hald., Trans. Anier. Phil. 
Soc, X, 1847, 43. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull brownish-yellow, shining; ely- 
tra each with two circular paler spots, one in front of and one just behind 
the middle. Thorax cylindrical, narrowed in front, disk with a wide, shal- 
low median groove interrupted at middle ; surface, as well as that of elytra, 
very sparsely punctured. Length 8-11 mm. 

One in Dury collection from Laporte County. Occurs from 
Pennsylvania to Missouri. The larva live in the wood of hickory. 

Zamodes obscurus Lee, black, opaque, clothed with dense brown 
pubescence, length 13 mm., is known from New Jersey and Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Tribe II. OBI II INT. 

Small species having the front coxae prominent, contiguous, 
conical and enclosed behind; paipi slender, with the last joint tri- 
angular; first segment of abdomen very long, the second and follow- 
ing irregular in length, hairy and excavated or deformed in female; 
thorax constricted and pedunculate at base and narrower than 
elytra ; femora strongly clubbed ; first joint of hind tarsi as long as 
the next two. But two of the seven genera are represented in the 
eastern United States and Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF OBRIINI. 

a. Thorax much narrower at base than at apex. XVIII. Phyton. 

aa, Thorax dilated at middle, equally narrowed at base and apex, tubercu- 
late at sides. XIX. Obeium. 

XVIII. Phyton Newm. 1840. (Gr., "plant.") 

This genus contains but two small species, one of which occurs 
in Indiana. 

1900 ( 6090). Phyton pallidum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IIP 
1824, 412 ; ibid. II, 193. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull, pale yellow ; thorax with three 
dusky lines and elytra each with four oblique brownish bands, of which the 
one just behind the middle is broad, the others narrow. Thorax broad in 
front of middle, narrowed on apical fourth, much narrowed on basal third. 
Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Knox County; rare. July 2. Should occur sparingly through- 
out the State. The larvte live in red-bud, hickory and osage orange. 

XIX. Obrium Serv. 
Two small species having the thorax equally narrowed at base 
and apex belong here. One has been taken in the State and the 
other probably occurs. 



1028 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDJE. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF OBEIUM. 

a. Head and thorax piceous, coarsely and closely punctate ; elytra pale red- 
dish-brown, very sparsely punctate. eubidum. 
aa. Body uniformly reddish-yellow; thorax not closely punctate; elytra 
more closely punctate. 1901. eubrum. 

1901 (6092). Obbium eubrum Newra, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 393. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Head broader 
than thorax, the latter with an obtuse tubercle each side near middle. Ely- 
tra rather coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a yellowish hair. Fe- 
mora rather strongly clubbed. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Posey, Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce. June 24-June 
28. Beaten from vegetation. 

Tribe III. STENOPTINI. 

In this tribe the front coxal cavities are widely angulated on the 
outer side, but entirely closed behind; abdomen normal in both 
sexes; head extended forward, the front large and oblique; eyes 
finely granulated and deeply emarginate; hind tarsi with first joint 
twice as long as second ; legs and thorax sparsely clothed with long 
flying hairs. Two genera, each represented in Indiana by a single 
species, compose the tribe. 

KEY TO GENEEA OF STENOPTINI. 

a. Elytra scarcely longer than thorax, their tips separated and rounded; 
mesosternum triangular and truncate. XX. Moloechus. 

aa. Elytra elongate, gradually awl-shaped and widely separated at apex; 
mesosternum broad, widely emarginate behind. XXI. Callimoxys. 



XX. Molorchus Fab. 1792. (A mythological name.) 



1902 (6100) 




Fig. 437. X 4. 
(After Wickham.) 



Moloechus bimaculatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III, 1824, 428 ; ibid. II, 202. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Dull black, sparsely pubes- 
cent with long grayish hairs. Elytra dull yellow, blackish 
at tip and margin ; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Tho- 
rax subcylindrical, rounded at sides, much narrowed at 
base, surface coarsely and rather densely punctate. Length 
5-7 mm. (Fig. 437.) 

Throughout the State, common; less so in the 
northern counties. April 12-May 27. Often 
abundant on the flowers of the red haw (Cra- 
taegus).* Mating April 26 and May 27. Breeds in 
hickory, maple, ash and dogwood. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



L029 



XXI. Callimoxys Kraatz. 1863. (Gr., "beautiful + sharp.") 

1903 (6101). Callimoxys sanguinicollis 
Ollv., Ent., IV, 1808, 74. 
Elongate, slender. Dull black ; thorax of 
male red, with narrow black apical and basal 
margins; elytra brownish; hind legs yellow, 
the tips of joints black. Thorax subcylin- 
drical, its disk with four obtuse tubercles. 
Elytra sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. 
Hind tibia? of males long and curved, with 
numerous teeth on the outer margin. Length 
8.5-10 mm. (Fig. 438.) 

Laporte and Kosciusko counties; 
rare. June 6-June 24. Occurs on 
flowers of Jersey Tea. Fi §- 438 - x 3*. (Original.) 

Tribe IV. RIIOPALOPIIORINI. 

This tribe is composed of a single genus of small, slender beetles 
having the head elongate ; eyes finely granulated and deeply emargi- 
nate ; antennae slender, as long as body in male, shorter in female, 
the fourth joint shorter than the third or fifth ; hind tarsi with first 
joint twice as long as second. 

XXII. Rhopalophora Serv. 1834. (Gr., "a club + bearing. ") 

This genus comprises three species, two from Texas, the other 
from the eastern United States, including Indiana. 

1904 (6105). Rhopalophora longipes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III. 1824. 426 ; ibid. II. 201. 
Elongate, very slender, subeylindrical. Bluish-black, the thorax red. 
Thorax cylindrical, with a slight obtuse tubercle each side, very finely and 
obsoletely punctate. Elytra with basal fourth flat and suddenly sloping 
downward, the humeri prominent; surface deeply, coarsely and rather 
densely punctured, the tips sub truncate, sometimes with two short spines. 
Length 7-8 mm. 

Western and southern Indiana from Vermillion County south- 
ward; scarce. May 30-June 30. Beaten from the foliage of oak 
and the flowers of wild hydrangea, 

Tribe V. TRACHYDERINI. 

A large tribe containing as great a variety of forms as Tribe I, 
"dmbycini. The distribution of the genera is, however, mostly 
to the south and southwestward, representatives of but three of the 




1030 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCID^E. 



16 having been taken in the State. They are distinguished by the 
finely granulated eyes, acutely triangular seutellum, and by having 
the front coxal cavities open behind. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TEACHYDERINI. 

a. Thorax opaque, its sides with a spine or large tubercle ; size larger, 13- 
25 mm. 

b. Body pubescent. XXIII. Tragidion. 

bb. Body not pubescent. XXIV. Purpuricenus. 

aa. Thorax shining, sides unarmed; size much smaller, not over S mm. 

XXV. Battle. 

XXIII. Tragidion Serv. 1834. (Or., "a young goat,") 

Large or medium-sized species having the seutellum small, 
broadly triangular; thorax densely punctured, both it and elytra 
with black pubescence concealing the punctures; antennas filiform, 
joints 5-11 carinate on outer side. 

1905 (6127). Tragidion coquus Linn.. Syst. Nat, Ed. X. 393. 
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black; elytra each with a large, 

rounded orange .spot near base; antennae wholly black. Thorax as wide as 
long, sides rounded, armed with a small spine behind middle. Elytra each 
with three raised lines on disk. Length 16-25 mm. 

One specimen in each of the Webster and Field Museum collec- 
tions labelled ' ' Ind. ' ' Occurs in the ' ' Atlantic and Southern States. ' ' 

XXIV. Purpuricenus Serv. 1833. (L., "purple.") 

Medium-sized, handsome black and scarlet or black and yellow 
species, having the thorax with a small spine each side, the seutel- 
lum broadly triangular and acute at tip. and the elytra not pubes- 
cent. Two of the three species occur in Indiana. 

1906 (6129). Purpuricenus humeralis Fab., Ent. Syst.. Supp., 1798, 143. 
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black, opaque, the legs alone feebly 

shining; elytra each with a large, triangular, scarlet humeral spot, defined 
by an oblique line, running from seutellum to middle of outer margin. An- 
tenna? of male two-thirds longer than body ; of female about the length of 
body. Thorax coarsely, densely and roughly punctured. Elytra deeply and 
rather coarsely punctured on basal half, more finely and densely toward the 
apex. Length 14-18 mm. 

Taken only in Lake County in the wash-up along the beach of 
Lake Michigan where,- at times, it is frequent. June 15-July 13. 
Said to occur elsewhere on oak and hickory. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



io:n 



1907 (6129a). Pubpubicenus axillaris Hald., Trans. Anier. Phil. Sue. X. 

1847, 31. 

Resembles humeralis in form. Black ; elytra from base to middle orange 
yellow. Elytra much less coarsely and less deeply punctate than humeralis; 
those of females emarginate and somewhat toothed at apex. Length 12- 
19 mm. 

Lawrence and Crawford counties ; rare. June 9— July 1. Beaten 
from the foliage of hickory. Listed as a variety of humeralis, but 
in my opinion wholly distinct. 

XXV. Battle Thorn. 1864. 

Small, slender forms, having the front of head short, not ab- 
ruptly defined each side; antennae a little shorter than body, the 
latter pilose ; scutelium small ; thorax margined at apex. One of the 
three recognized species occurs in the State. 

1908 (6141). Battle suturalis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 

411 ; ibid. II, 192. 

Elongate, slender. Dark red; antenna?, legs and often the suture of 
elytra varying from dusky red to black ; surface sparsely clothed with long 
blackish hairs. Thorax subglobose, very sparsely and finely punctured. 
Elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured, the tips rounded. Length 65- 
7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 16-July 29. Occurs in 
numbers on flowers of Jersey Tea (Ceanolhus), dogwood (Cornus), 
meadow-sweet (Spirwa) and other plants. Mating June 25. 

Tribe VI. STENOSPHENINI. 

This tribe is represented by a single genus having the eyes finely 
granulated and deeply emarginate ; the head, in our species, nearly 
vertical; antennae as long as body in female, somewhat longer in 
male, tapering, punctured and pubescent, second joint small, third 
longer than fourth, 3-7 armed with short apical spine on the inner 
side; scutelium rounded behind; elytra truncate at tip and armed 
with two apical spines ; tibia- strongly carinated and the first joint 
of tarsi as long as the two following united. 

XXVI. Stenosphenus Hald. 1647. (Gr., "narrow + wedge. ") 

This genus, possessing the characters of the tribe as given above, 
is represented by six species, all but one of which occur in the 
southwestern United States. The exception is 



1032 FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCID-E. 

1909 (0161). Steko^phenus notatus Oliv.. Eiit.. IV, 1795. 61. 

Elongate, nearly parallel. Black : thorax reddish with a central black 
spot; under side of head and thorax reddish. Thorax wider than long, not 
narrowed at apex: surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely and coarsely 
punctured, each puncture bearing a gray hair. Length 9-12 mm. 

Lake. Posey and Crawford eo unties: probably throughout the 
State: frequent, especially in the wash-up of Lake Michigan; also 
beneath bark o£ hickory, in the wood of which the larvae bore. 
April 17-May 30. 

Tribe VIL CLYTIXL 

Our members of this tribe have the elytra banded with yellow or 
white and black pubescence: eyes finely granulated and deeply 
emarginate. the lower lobe always large: antennae usually shorter 
than body in both sexes, joints rarely spined; front eoxal cavities 
rounded, open behind, not anguiated on the sides: legs long, usually 
slender, femora sometimes clubbed, tibiae not earinated. hind tarsi 
with first joint very elongate. Representatives of 9 of the 14 
genera, comprising the tribe have been taken in Indiana, while 
those of three others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CLYTINI. 

a. Head small, front snort, oblique; process of first ventral segment be- 
tween the hind coxae rounded. 
1). Thorax transversely excavated at sides near the base: presternum 
perpendicular at tip : thorax with three yellow crossbands. 

XXYII. Ctxlene. 

h h. Thorax not excavated at sides, which are rounded and constricted at 
base : presternum sloping downward at tip ; thorax without yellow 
crossbands. but sometimes with yellow oblique bars each side, 
c. Antenna? compressed, subserrate; colors notably contrasted, with 
black and yellow bands ; length 23-25 mm. 

XXVIII. Plagionotes. 

cc. Antenna? filiform. 

d. Large species. 20 or more mm. : thorax entirely black, much 
rounded on the sides. XXIX. Calloides. 

dd. Smaller, not over IS mm.: thorax with central black spot, the 
sides much less rounded and clothed with grayish pubescence. 

XXX. AE HOP ALUS. 

ii a. Head large, front long: process between the hind coxae acute. 
e. Elytra fiat on basal third : size moderate. S-1S mm. 

f. Front of head with one or more carina? of variable form. 

XXXI. Xylotreches. 

f/..Head without carina*. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORJNG BEETLES. 



1033 



g. Thorax with short, transverse dorsal raised lines or ridges. 

XXXII. Neoclytus. 

gg. Thorax without transverse ridges. 

h. Episterna of metathorax narrow. XXXIII. Clytanthus. 
hh. Episterna of metathorax wider. Clytus. 
ee. Elytra swollen on basal third ; small, ant-like species, not over 10 mm. 
i. Elytra without a transverse oblique, ivory-like band. 
j. Eyes oblique, emarginate. 
k. Second joint of antennas as long as fourth; antennas without 
spines. Microclytus. 
JcJc. Second joint of antennas distinctly shorter than fourth ; third 
joint with a spine. XXXIV. Cyrtophorus. 

jj. Eyes rounded, entire. Tii.lomorpha. 
it. Elytra each with a transverse, oblique, ivory-like band. 

XXXV. EUDERCES. 

XXVII. Cyllene Newm. 1840. (Gr., the name of a mountain in 

Greece. ) 

Medium-sized robust species having the body densely clothed 
with short prostrate hair. In our species the thorax and elytra are 
conspicuously banded with yellow. Three of the five known species 
occur in the State. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CYLLENE. 

a. Second joint of hind tarsus glabrous at middle ; antennas of male longer 
than body; prosternum between the coxas longer than wide. 

1910. PICTCS. 

aa. Second joint of hind tarsus densely pubescent; antennas not longer than 
body. 

&. Basal third of elytra with three narrow yellow bands, the hindmost 
. one W-shaped; prosternum as wide as the coxal cavity. 

1911. ROBINLE. 

M. Basal third of elytra orange yellow ; prosternum not as wide at mid- 
dle as coxal cavity. 1912. decorus. 

1910 (6170). Cyllene pictus Drury, Ins., II, 1773, 91. 

Elongate, rather robust. Velvety black ; head, thorax and elytra with 
narrow yellow crossbands, the third one from base of elytra W-shaped the 
three behind it sinuous ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax wider than long, sides 
rounded. Prosternum longer than wide, truncate at tip. Elytra tapering 
behind the middle, obliquely truncate at tip but not prolonged.' Length 12- 
20 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 18-April 28. Occurs 
on elm and hickory logs in spring. The larva? bore in the wood of 
these trees and are often very destructive to the hickory. 



1034 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDiE. 




Fig. 439. Female. X 1\. (After Hopkins in Circ. 
No. 83 ; Bur. Ent. U. S. Dept . Agr.) 



1911 (6171). Cyllene kobinle Forst., Nov. Sp. Ins., 1771, 43. 

Resembles p i c t u s so closely that 
only an expert can tell them apart. The 
characters given in the key are those 
usually relied upon. The elytra are less 
tapering and more broadly rounded at 
apex, thus giving it a more robust appear- 
ance, and the hind femora and antennae of 
male are distinctly shorter than in pictus. 
Length 14-20 mm. (Fig. 439.) 

Throughout the State : common. 
August 21 -October 9. Occurs 
abundantly in autumn on golden- 
rocl and about the trees of the 
black locust (Robinia). The wood 
of this tree is often injured by the 
larva, which is known as the "locust 
borer. ' ' 

1912 (6172). Cyllene decoeus Oliv.. 

Ent., IV, 1795, 63. 
Elongate, robust. Head black ; cly- 
peus and a narrow transverse band be- 
hind the eyes, yellow ;. thorax yellow 
with three short and narrow, black 
crossbars ; elytra black, the basal third, a band behind the middle and the 
tips yellow ; under surface yellow. Length 14-20 mm. 

Knox County; rare, October 11. One specimen from near 
the border of the tamarack swamp. A southern species, which in 
Indiana reaches its most northern and eastern range. Our form is 
the var. charus Say described from Posey County, Say's specimen 
being taken "near the end of August." 

XXVIII. Plagionotus Muls. 1812. (Gr., "oblique + back." ) 
This genus contains only a single large species, distinguished 

from its allies by the heavier compressed antenna?. 

1913 (6173). Plagionotus speciosus Say, Amer. Entoin.. 
pi 53 ; ibid. I, US. 
Elongate, robust. Black ; densely clothed with yel- 
low pubescence, this covering the greater part of head 

and forming two short oblique bands on each side of 

thorax and five on elytra, arranged as follows: one 

forming an arch diverging from scutellum, behind this 

a second W-shaped band; a third nearly transverse 

one across the middle ; a fourth curved each side from 

the suture obliquely backward and separated narrowly 

from the fifth and broadest upon the apex. Length 

23-25 mm. (Fig. 440.) 



III. 1S2S. 118. 




Fig. 440. Natural sue 
(After Saunders. ; 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



10:55 



Known from the State by a single specimen in the Dury col- 
lection from Laporte County. Occurs in the vicinity of the soft 
maple (Acer saccharinum L.) to the wood of which the larvie often 
do much injury. A species of northern range, probably occurring 
only in the Transition life zone of the State. 

XXIX. Calloides Lec, 1873. ((jr., " beautiful + form. ") 

Here belong two large species distinguished by the form and 
color of thorax and by having the mesosternum sloping downward. 
One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

1914 (6174). Calloides nobtlis Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc. Nat. Hist., 

I, 1836, 84. 

Elongate, robust. Brownish-black, opaque, densely clothed with very 
short, velvet-like pubescence; elytra each with a rounded yellow spot at 
base, a minute submarginal one behind the humerus, a larger one before 
the middle, and two narrow, transverse, sinuous bands on apical half; 
these spots and bands often almost or wholly obsolete. Antennse short, one- 
half the length of body. Thorax globose, sides much rounded, surface 
densely and finely granulate. Tips of elytra rounded, without spines. 
Length 20-23 mm. 

Lake County; frequent in the wash-up along the beach of Lake 
Michigan; Starke and Clark counties; rare. May 27-June 28. 

XXX. Arhopalus Serv. 1834. (Gr., " without + club. ") 

This genus is represented east of the Rocky Mountains by the 
single species: 

1915 (6176). Arhopalus fulmixans Fab., Syst. Ent, 1798^192. 

Elongate, rather slender, subcylin- 
drical. Black ; head and thorax cov- 
ered with grayish pubescence ; the lat- 
ter with a large black spot on center 
of disk, and a small round one each 
side. Elytra marked with ill-defined 
zigzag bands of grayish pubescence. 
Length 12-18 mm. (Fig. 441.) 

Crawford and Posey counties; 
scarce. May 15- June 26. Breeds 
in oak, butternut and chestnut, the 
adults occurring beneath the bark 

_ . 1 . . Fig. 441. (After Packard in Fifth Rep. U- S. 

of these and neighboring trees. Ent, comm.) 




1036 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCID2E. 



XXXI. Xylotrechus Chev. 1860. (Gr., "wood + a runner.") 

Medium-sized, slender species, having the front of head marked 
with a carina or elevated ridge of variable form, which is best seen 
by holding the insect with the front uppermost. In part of the spe- 
cies the ridge is a smooth line starting below the eyes and running 
a little past them, dividing at about the middle into two V or Y- 
shaped lines diverging toward the sides of the head. In the re- 
mainder of the species the diverging lines are absent, the division 
being only represented by an impressed space. Six species may 
occur in Indiana, though but three of them have as yet been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLOTRECHUS. 

a. Frontal carina reduced to an elongate space. 

Z>. Carina scarcely divided ; black, shining, with narrow yellow margins. 

NITIDUS. 

Carina divided or impressed longitudinally. 

c, Thorax with four spots of yellowish pubescence; elytral markings 
white, indistinct. 1916. quadrimaculatus. 

cc. Thorax marked with lines; elytral pubescence yellow, the lines 
connected at suture. convergens. 
aa. Frontal carina V- or Y-shaped. 

d. Elytra obliquely truncate at apex, the outer angle with a spine ; sides 
of thorax regularly curved. sagittatus. 
eld. Elytra obliquely truncate but without distinct spine at outer angle. 
e. Thorax without apical and basal margin of paler pubescence ; ely- 
tral bands about as broad as their intervals. 1917. colonus. 
ee. Thorax with apical and basal margin of yellow or white pubes- 
cence; median elytral band angulate or undulatory. 

1918. undulatus. 

X. nitidus Horn, length 12 mm., is known from New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Texas; X. convergens Lee, length 8-11 
mm., is recorded from Ohio and Iowa; X. sagittatus Germ., brown- 
ish with more or less white pubescence, length 15-18 mm., ranges 
from Massachusetts to Arizona. 

1916 (6181). Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc, X, 1847, 41. 

Elongate, moderately robust, subcylindrical. Dull black; thorax with 
a spot of yellowish pubescence in each angle ; elytra with the sutural line 
and three oblique processes therefrom dull yellow and sparsely clothed with 
whitish hairs; hind margins of meso- and metasterna and three or four 
segments of abdomen also with transverse bands of whitish pubescence. 
Thorax cylindrical, largest at middle ; surface with minute, irregular trans- 
verse wrinkles. Elytra finely rugosely punctate on the sides. Length 12- 
13 mm. 

Monroe County; rare. June 9. Taken from trunk of beech; 
said to occur usually on the black alder. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1037 




1917 < (6179). Xylotbechus colonus fab., Syst. Bnt., 



1798, 91. 



Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black or brown, 
pubescent above and beneath with yellowish or whitish 
hairs; these arranged to form very variable markings. 
Those on thorax are usually four or six small spots, 
two on base, two near apex and often two near mid- 
dle ; those on elytra consisting of a semicircular, sub- 
humeral line enclosing a brown humeral spot, two 
broad, pale crossbars and a smaller spot at apex. Tho- 
rax cylindrical, longer than wide, roughly and coarse- 
ly punctate. Length 8-16 mm. (Fig. 442.) 



Throughout the State ; common. June 3-Oc- 
tober 15. Beaten from vegetation. Breeds in 
oak, maple and beech. 



Fig. 442. (After Gissler in 
Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.) 



1918 (6183). Xylotrechus itndulatus Say, Long's 
Exped., II, 1824, 291; ibid. I, 119. 
Elongate, rather slender, subcylindrical. Black or 



dark brown ; elytra marked with yellow pubescence as follows : a narrow 
stripe extending from scutellum along the suture to middle, thence curving 
and angulate to outer margin, a short crossbar near humerus, a subapical 
band and an apical curved line ; these markings often broken into dots. 
Length 11-21 mm. 

One specimen in Webster collection labelled "Ind." Its range 
is given as the entire United States. Var. f use us Kirby has the 
sides of thorax covered with pubescent blotches and the elytral 
bands wavy. In var. interruplus Lap. the bands of elytra are 
greatly obscured by a sprinkling of white hairs. 

XXXII. Neoclytus Thorn. 18G0. (Or., "new + noisy.") 

Slender bodied, subcylindrical species of medium size having the 
thorax with short transverse ridges or with a broad, longitudinal 
ridge, composed of many minute cross-ridges ; antennae short, usu- 
ally less than half the length of body. Four species have been taken 
in the State, while two others perhaps occur. 



a. Middle and hind femora spinose at apex. 

h. Thorax with a longitudinal elevated ridge, minutely rugose on its 
crest ; antennae filiform. 
c. Thorax with apical basal and middle pubescent yellow bands; scu- 
tellum elongate-triangular, the apex rounded. 

1919. SCUTELLARIS. 

cc. Thorax with apical and basal bands only; scutellum transverse- 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEOCLYTUS. 



oval. 



1920. Lrscrs. 



L038 



FAMILY LIT. CERAMBYCID.L. 



hh. Thorax with a few distinct transverse ridges arranged in median 
row ; antenna? thickened towards apex ; head and thorax reddish- 
brown. 1921. ERYTHBOCEPHALUS. 

(7(7. Middle and hind femora not spinose; antennae filiform: thorax with a 
number of distinctly elevated but more or less confused Transverse 
ridges. 

(/. Elytra rounded at tip : each with an oval or rounded pubescent, figure 
at base and two oblique bands behind the middle. 1922. capb-ea. 
dd. Elytra truncate at tip : bands of elytra angulate or curved. 

e. Thorax wider than long. mueicatelus. 
ee. Thorax longer than wide. loxgepes. 

1919 (6195). Neoclytus scetellabis Oliv.. Encycl. Meth.. Y. 1790, 266. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Blackish, densely clothed with fine grayish- 
purple pubescence and marked with narrow yellow bands as follows : two 
vertical ones on front of head; three transverse ones on thorax, one on 
front and hind margin, the third on center extending only to middle of 
sides ; elytra with the base reddish-brown, the scutellum and three narrow 
bands yellow, one curving backward from scutellum. then forward to mar- 
gin ; one curving forward from middle of suture, then backward to margin, 
the third oblique on apical fourth. Elytra tapering from base to apex, their 
tips obliquely truncate with a distinct spine at outer angle. Length 8- 
15 mm. 

Marion County; rare. June 20. Ranges from New York to 
Kansas and southward. 

1920 ( 6196). Neoceytus etjsces Fab., Ent. Syst., SuppL, 1798. 152. 

•Resembles the preceding closely. Thorax less narrowed in front and 
with the median yellow band lacking, the sides often marked with a reddish 
spot, which, however, is not one of pubescence, but is a color of the chitin 
itself. Antenna? with joints 6 and 7 fuscous. Length S-17 mm. 

Marion County; rare. September 20. Taken from an elm log 
in which probably the larvae breed. The ran^e is the same as that of 
scuteUaris. 

1921 (6201). Neoclytes ebythbocephaees Fab.. Ent. Syst.. I. 179S. 335. 

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Reddish-brown : elytra blackish behind 
the first band and with four nearly straight, narrow crossbars of bright 
yellow pubescence, the one at base less distinct. Thorax cylindrical, coarsely 
granulate-punctate, the central ridge with four to six short transverse 
ridges. Elytra obliquely truncate with a spine or blunt tooth at outer angle. 
Length S— IS mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, May 10- August 13. Beaten 
from foliage, - especially that of hickory. The larvae bore in the 
wood of elm. soft maple, black locust and hickory. The spines of 
hind femora are often very small. 



THE LOXG-HORXED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



lo:;!) 



1922 (6-198). Neoclytls capilea Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 
1824, 424; ibid. I. 120. pi. 53. 
Elongate, subcylindrieal. Black, thorax and under surface pubescent 
with long whitish hairs; thorax with front margin narrowly yellow or 
whitish: elytra each with whitish or yellow lines as follows: one curving 
from scutellum backward, then forward along the margin to humerus, thus 
forming nearly a circle; a second inverted W-shaped one just behind the 
middle and a third oblique one on apical fourth: tips usually narrowly 
edged with white or yellow. Length 12-20 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State, frequent: probably throughout. 
April 23-October 11. The larva 1 breed in ash, elm and hickory, and 
the adults occur on the trunks of these trees or on flowers. Say in 
his original description says that the "'tips of elytra are emarginate 
with a prominent spine at the external angle," which is not true of 
any specimen I have seen, nor is this character shown in his figure. 
In all Indiana specimens at hand the pubescent lines of thorax and 
elytra are white, not yellow. 

N. muricatulus Kirby, black or brown with white markings, 
length 7-10 mm., ranges from New England to Louisiana and Cali- 
fornia. A r : longipes Kirby. more slender, black with white mark- 
ings, more distinct on base of elytra, length 9-11 mm., is known 
from Virginia, Texas and Canada. 

XXXIH. Clytantpius Thorn. 1864. (Gi\, "noisy.") 

In this genus both the frontal carina of head and the transverse 
ridges of thorax are lacking ; the side pieces of metathorax are nar- 
row and the color black banded with white or yellow. Two species 
are known from the eastern United States and Indiana. 

1923 (6207). Clytaxthus rfrkola Oliv.. But.; IV. 1S05. 70. 

Elongate, rather robust, subcylindrieal. Black; thorax with a yellow 
marginal line, interrupted at middle of base: scutellum and markings of 
elytra bright yellow : the latter consisting of an oval oblique spot on basal 
third, a strongly angulated band extending from suture backward to mid- 
dle, thence forward and outward to near the margin, and an oblique bar 
behind the middle: antenme and legs reddish-brown, the clubs of femora 
blackish. Thorax subglobose. finely granulate. Elytra rounded at tips, nat 
spinose. Length 8 -14 mm. 

Throughout the State: scarce. May 10-July 1. Beaten from 
elm. 

1924 (620S). Clytaxthfs at.bofasciatus Lap.. Mom. 1837. 96. 
Elongate, slender, snbcylindrical. Blackish-brown; elytra each with a 

narrow oblique line on basal half, a long, curved, narrow band behind the 
middle and the apex, whitish pubescent: antennae and legs dark reddish- 
brown. Length 8-10 mm. 

[66—23402] 



1040 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCID2E. 



Posey County; rare. July 6. Known from Pennsylvania, Illi- 
nois and Ohio. Occurs about wild grapevines, in the wood of which 
the larvae live. 

Glykis marginicollis Lap., elytra black, pale at base and with 
yellow crossbands, length 8-10 mm., is known from Massachusetts, 
Georgia, Pennsylvania and Nevada. 

Microclytus gazellula Hald., thorax above and elytra black, the 
latter with pale markings, legs and antenna? pale, length 6-7 mm., 
is recorded from the "Middle States to Canada and Lake Su- 
perior. ' ' 

XXXIV. Cyrtophorus Lec. 1850. (Gr., "curve + bearing. ") 

The two species of this genus have the elytra swollen or elevated 
on basal fourth and the third joint of antenna? with a distinct spine 
at apex. One of the two occurs in the State. 

1925 (6210). Cyetophorus verrucosus Oliv., Encycl. Meth., VII, 1792, 458. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black ; femora and basal three-fifths 
of elytra reddish-brown, the latter marked with three narrow oblique lines 
of whitish pubescence and separated from the black portion by a transverse 
line of similar pubescence; antenna*, tibiae and tarsi dusky. Thorax com- 
pressed, with a rather prominent median crest. Length 6-10 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 26-June 11. Taken from 
beneath bark of walnut and on flowers of wild plum,- apple and wild 
cherry, the larva? living in the wood of these trees. 

Tillomorpha geminata Hald., head and thorax black, elytra red- 
dish, marked with lines of silver-white pubescence, length 6-8 mm., 
is known to occur from Massachusetts and New York to Pennsyl- 
vania and Georgia. 

XXXV. Eudebc.es Lec. 1850. (Gr., " beautiful + to look at") 

The members of this genus resemble black or brown ants and are 
readily known by the ivory-white bar on each elytron. Three of the 
four known species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUDERCES. 

a. Ivory bar of elytra oblique; thorax striate with raised longitudinal lines. 
&. Eyes nearly divided, the two parts connected with a narrow horn- 
like line ; thorax uniformly rounded at the sides. 1926. picipes. 
bl). Eyes completely divided; thorax distinctly depressed each side near 
the front margin and subangulate at sides. 1927. pini. 

aa. Ivory bar of elytra exactly transverse ; thorax punctate, not striate. 

1928. reichei. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1041 



1926 (6212). Euderces picipes Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 1781, 157. 

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, rarely dark reddish-brown, shin- 
ing; sparsely pubescent with grayish hairs. Elytra each with an oblique 
raised ivory-like bar at middle; antennae and legs usually dark reddish- 
brown. Length 5-8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 27-July 5. Beaten from 
foliage of buckeye, honey-locust, hazel, oak, etc. 

1927 (6213). Euderces pini Oliv., Ent, IV, 1795, 70. 

Form of picipes. Reddish-brown, shining; elytra with apical third 
black, each with a slightly oblique ivory-white line at middle and also an 
oblique line of whitish pubescence on the black portion. Length 6.5-9 mm. 

Posey and Dubois counties ; scarce. April 29-May 11. Beaten 
from foliage of wild grape. 

1928 (6215). Euderces reichei Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., II, 1873, 202. 
Form of picipes but smaller and more slender. Dark reddish-brown or 

piceous, very sparsely clothed with long, erect hairs; antennae and legs 
paler ; elytra each with a narrow, transverse, ivory white band near middle. 
Thorax cylindrical, longer than wide, smooth near the front margin, thence 
granulate-punctate to base. Elytra with granulate punctures from base to 
beyond ivory bar, the apical third smooth, polished ; the sub-basal tubercles 
less prominent than in the other species. Length 4-5 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 2. Beaten from blossoms of the 
false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L. Known heretofore only from 
Illinois and Texas. 

Division III. ATIMIOIDES. 

This group is represented by the single genus Atimia, distin- 
guished by the characters given in key and by having the head 
broad and short, the front perpendicular; eyes large, almost di- 
vided, not very finely granulated ; palpi unequal, truncate at tip, 
the maxillary about one-half longer than labial; antennas slender, 
shorter than body, 11-jointed ; scutellum subquadrate, rounded be- 
hind; legs short, thighs moderately clubbed, hind tarsi with first 
joint equal to second and third united. 

XXXVT. Atimia Hald. 1847. (Gr., "contempt") 

This genus, as above characterized, is represented by two species, 
one of which occurs in the eastern United States, including In- 
diana. 



1042 



FAMILY LII. CERAVtBYCIDJE. 



1929 (6218). Atiaiia coxff/sa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sd, V, 1826, 
276; ibid. II. 333. 

Short, rather stout, subdepressed. Dull black, 
clothed with rather long yellowish pubescence, 
which is irregularly disposed so as to leave 
abraded smooth spots. Thorax quadrate, broader 
than long, sides feebly rounded, surface coarsely 
and rather sparsely punctured. Elytra broader 
than thorax, truncate at tips, surface with 
sparse, fine punctures intermingled with larger 
distant ones. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 443.) 

Crawford County : rare. May 16. Oc- 
curs on the red cedar. Juniperus virgi /li- 
ana L. 




Fig. 443. X 4. (Original.) 



Division IT. LEPTUROIDES. 

This division comprises those members of the subfamily Cerma- 
bycinae, in which the base of antenna? are not enveloped by the eyes, 
which are usually rounded, sometimes entire, but more often with 
a small notch or emargination. and almost always finely granu- 
lated: front coxae conical, except in the first tribe; head narrowed 
behind the eyes and the thorax narrowed in front, the union of 
these two parts giving the appearance of a neck of greater or less 
length. The name of the typical genus. Leptura, is derived from a 
Greek word meaning ''slender or attenuated.'" in allusion to the 
usually tapering form of the elytra, which also often have their 
base more or less elevated above the level of the thorax. As a gen- 
eral rule the species are more active than those of the preceding 
groups and many of them fly by day and occur upon flowers rather 
than upon the trunks and about the roots of trees, where the mem- 
bers of the preceding genera are usually found. 

The division is separated into five tribes, all probably repre- 
sented in Indiana, though four of them each only by a single genus 
and species. 

KEY TO TKIBES OF LEPTUROIDES. 

a. Front coxae globose: mandibles chisel-shaped, not fringed on the inner 
margin ; thorax spined on the sides and elytra at apex. 

Tribe I. Distexiixt. p. 1043, 

a a. Front coxa? conical. 

7>. Joints 3 to 5 of antenna? much thickened at tips : mandibles simple, 
not fringed: elytra bluish-black, the basal third orange-yellow. 

Tribe II. Desaioceeixi. p. 1043. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



104:5 



&&. Joints 3 to 5 of antennae normal, usually slender ; ' mandibles acute, 
fringed on the inner margin ; elytra not colored as above. 
c. Elytra short, not covering the wings. 

Tribe III. Necydalini, p. 3044. 

cc. Elytra of normal length. 

(I. Front nearly vertical ; body elongate, slender, parallel ; color dark 
blue. Tribe IV. Encycloptni, p. 1045. 

dd. Front oblique or horizontal ; elytra usually tapering to apex. 

Tribe V. Lepturini, p. 1045. 

Tribe I. DISTENIINI. 

In addition to characters given in key, the single genus of this 
tribe may be known by having the body elongate; head large, hori- 
zontal; eyes transverse, large, feebly emarginate; antennae long, 
tapering,, first joint as long as head, second very small, third and 
following equal, nearly as long as first ; legs long, slender, hind pair 
longest ; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the two following united. 

XXXVII. Distent a Serv. 1825. (Gr., "two + band.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented by 
the single species : 

1930 (6220). Distenia undata Oli.v., Ent, IV, 1795, 25. 

Very elongate, slender, subdepressed. Dark brown to piceous, densely 
clothed with short, gray, prostrate pubescence; elytra marked with three 
serrate crossbands of darker pubescence, one on base, one just in front of 
middle, the other on apical third. Thorax subcylindrical, base and apex 
truncate, sides with a prominent, acute tubercle; surface with a short me- 
dian line and four obtuse elevations, smooth, shining. Elytra gradually 
tapering from base to apex, each with five somewhat irregular rows of 
coarse punctures ; intervals with distant scattered punctures ; tips each with 
two sharp, slender spines. Length 17-26 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Jackson and Crawford counties; scarce. June 25- 
September 28. Occurs beneath bark of hickory and oak and on 
foliage of wild grape. "When disturbed feigns death and falls to 
the ground, where it is difficult to see on account of the protective 
coloration. 

Tribe II. DESMOCERINI. 

This tribe is represented in the United States by four species 
belonging to the genus Desmoccrus. They are large insects having 
the eyes finely granulated, nearly rounded, suddenly and deeply 
emarginate; antenna? 11-jointed, with joints 3 to 5 thickened at the 



1044 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDiE. 



end, the outer ones velvety black; vertex prominent, deeply sul- 
cate ; front horizontal ; prosternum very narrow between the front 
coxae, which are large and conical, the cavities open behind; legs 
slender, tarsi broad, the first joint of hind ones scarcely equal to 
the two following united. 
j 

XXXVIII. Desmocerus Serv. 1835. (Gr., "band + horn.") 

One of the four species occurs in the eastern United States, the 
other three on the Pacific slope. 

1931 (6221). Desmocekus palliatus Forst, Nov. Spec. Insect., 1771, 40. 
Elongate, robust. Dark blue ; basal third of elytra orange-yellow. Tho- 
rax bell-shaped, widening gradually from apex to base, hind angles acute, 
disk with transverse wrinkles. Elytra parallel, tips obliquely rounded ; sur- 
face densely and rather coarsely punctured, each with three fine raised lines. 
Length 17-23 mm. 

Posey County; scarce. July 6. Occurs on the flowers and foli- 
age of elder, Sambucus canadensis L., in the stems of which the 
larvae bore. 

. Tribe III. NECYDALINI. 

Readily known by the short elytra, which are scarcely longer 
than the thorax, separated near apex and rounded at tip. The eyes 
are finely granulated, large, oblique and deeply emarginate; an- 
tennae filiform, second joint small, third and following equal in our 
species; scutellum elongate, triangular; front coxae conical, prom- 
inent, the cavities closed behind; legs slender, hind pair much 
longer, first joint of hind tarsi much longer than all the others to- 
gether. One of the two genera is represented in the State. 

XXXIX. Necydalis Linn. 1758. (Gr., ' ; chrysalis of the silk 

worm.") 

In this genus the third and fourth antenna! joints are together 
longer than the fifth and the last joint of palpi is bell-shaped. 

1932 (6225). Necydalis mellitus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835, 

194; ibid. II, 664. 

Elongate, slender. Black ; abdomen, front and middle legs and basal 
joint of antennae dull yellow ; elytra reddish-brown, often with paler spot 
at tip, sometimes dull reddish-yellow with darker apex; hind legs dusky. 
Head sulcate between the antennae, coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax 
subcylindrical, constricted in front of middle and with a blunt tubercle each 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1045 



side; its surface finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra reaching only to base 
of abdomen, obliquely impressed on inner side, finely and densely punctate 
with larger scattered punctures intermingled. Length 13-21 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. June 25. Described from Posey County. 
The upper surface of the abdomen is sometimes black. 



Tribe IV. ENCYCLOPINL 

In this tribe the head is quadrate, sud- 
denly but not strongly narrowed and con- 
stricted far behind the eyes so that the neck 
is very short; eyes finely granulated, 
obliquely emarginate ; antenna? 11-jointed. 
the first five joints punctured; thorax con- 
stricted before and behind, wider at base, 
tuberculate on sides, scutellum small, tri- 
angular; elytra elongate, parallel rounded 
at tips ; legs slender, hind pair longer, first 
joint of hind tarsi much longer than the 
others combined and, in Encyclops, the only 
one of the three genera occurring in the 
eastern United States, cylindrical. One 
species, Encyclops cceruleus Say, green or 
blue, shining, coarsely punctured, length 
7-8 mm. should be looked for in southern 
Indiana, having been taken by Dury at 
Cincinnati. 



A* 




Fig. 444. Bellamira scalaris Say. 
(After Smith in Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent 
Comm.) 



Tribe V. LEPTURINI. 

This tribe contains numerous species, all possessing the char- 
acters of Division IV, as given above, and also having the palpi un- 
equal, the maxillary elongated, the last joint cylindrical or triangu- 
lar; neck long; thorax usually wider at base; elytra usually nar- 
rowed from base, sometimes acute and separated near apex, but more 
often rounded and separated (Fig. 444) ; legs slender and never very 
short. The species occur, for the most part, on flowers, are usually 
prettily colored and clothed with" fine pubescence. The tribe is di- 
vided into 14 genera, eight of which are known to be represented 
in Indiana, while members of three others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF LEPTTKINI. 

a. Spurs of hind tibia? not terminal, but borne at the base of a deep ex- 
cavation ; thorax tuberculate at the sides. XL. Toxotus. 
aa. Spurs of hind tibia? terminal. 



1046 



FAMILY LIT. CERAMBYCIDJE. 



b. First joint of hind tarsi with the usual brush of hair beneath; tho- 
rax, with rare exceptions, distinctly tuberculate or spined at sides ; 
head obliquely narrowed behind the eyes. 
c. Antennae short, joints 5-11 wider; thorax with heavy spine at 
sides ; elytra strongly costate. XLI. Rhagium. 

cc. Antennae long or moderate, the joints not thickened; elytra never 
strongly costate. 

d. Eyes large or moderate; thorax with a short, acute tubercle on 
side. 

e. Eyes coarsely granulated, very prominent ; elytra almost par- 
allel. XLII. Centrodera. 
ee. Eyes finely granulated ; body narrowed behind. 

/. Eyes feebly emarginafe. Pachyta. 
//. Eyes more strongly emarginate. Anthophilax. 
tld. Eyes small, not emarginate ; thorax angulated or rounded on 
sides. 

g. Body above more or less pubescent, opaque or moderately shin- 
ing; mesosternum not protuberant. XLIII. Acm.eops. 
gg. Body above brilliant metallic green ; mesosternum protuberant. 

XLIV. Gatjrotes. 

bb. First joint of hind tarsi without brush-like sole; thorax with few ex- 
ceptions broadest at base, its sides never spined or tuberculate; 
head constricted close behind the eyes. 
h. Last ventral of mate deeply excavated; form very slender, strongly 
tapering behind. 

i. Elytra strongly sinuate on the sides ; size larger, 20 or more mm. : 

antennae without poriferous spaces. Bellamira. 

ii. Elytra less sinuate on the sides ; smaller, not over IS mm. ; an- 

tenna? with poriferous spaces on the outer joints. 

XLV. Strangalia. 

hh. Last ventral of male not excavated; form less slender and less 
tapering behind. 

j. Antennae with poriferous spaces. XLYI. Typocerts. 

jj. Antenna? without poriferous spaces. XLYII. Leptura. 

XL. Toxotus Serv. 1835. (Gr.. "a bow + carrying. " ) 

Species of medium or rather large size, having the spurs of the 
hind tibiae inserted at the base of a deep excavation instead of at 
the extreme end; thorax constricted before and behind and tuber- 
culate or spined at the sides ; elytra strongly tapering from base to 
tips, which are obliquely truncate : sinuate at sides on basal third. 
Three species have been taken in the State and another probably 
occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TOXOTUS. 

a. Third joint of antennae very decidedly longer than fourth. 
b. Elytra of one color. 

c. Elytra black ; body either yellow or black ; legs bicolored. 

1933. SCHAUMII. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1047 



cc. Elytra reddish-brown, sometimes varying to blackish ; legs of one 
color. 1934. cinnamopteeus. 

bb. Elytra bicolored, black, with marginal and discal stripes yellow. 

TRIVITTATUS. 

aa. Third joint of antennae very little longer than fourth ; elytra black or 
dark reddish-brown, tips obliquely emarginate and bidentate. 

1935. CYLINDRICOLLIS. 

1933 (6238). Toxotus schaumii Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1850, 

320. 

Elongate, robust, tapering behind. Male black, finely pubescent; central 
part of femora yellow ; female, body yellow except the tibiae, tarsi and an- 
tenna?, which are black. Antenna? with third joint elongate, fourth shorter 
than fifth. Thorax narrowed in front, finely and sparsely punctured, sides 
with acute tubercle. Elytra with humeral angles prominent, surface finely 
rugose-punctate. Length 19-25 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. May 19. 

1934 (6245). Toxotus cinnamopteeus Rand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 

1838, 45. 

Elongate, slender. Pale reddish or cinnamon brown, densely clothed 
with fine, silky pubescence; head and thorax darker. Eyes large, promi- 
nent, blackish. Antenna? about, as long as body, male ; two-thirds the length, 
female. Thorax as in cylindrieolMs, the basal transverse impressed line 
less strong. Length 10-13 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State ; scarce.- May 12-June 7. Occurs 
on the foliage and flowers of various shrubs, especially wahoo and 
wild hydrangea. In two specimens the general color is dark red- 
dish-brown. 

1935 (6243). Toxotus cylindricollis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

Ill, 1823, 417; ibid. II, 196. 
Form of schaumii. Varies from dull blackish, female, to reddish-brown, 
male, densely clothed with silky pubescence; pro- and metasterna and an- 
tennae, at least in part, reel dish-brown ; legs and abdomen of male often 
partly of same hue. Thorax cylindrical, wider at base, with two trans- 
verse impressed lines, one near base, the other in front of middle, these 
with a rather deep longitudinal groove between them ; sides swollen but not 
tuberculate. Length 17-22 mm. 

Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce. June 27-July 10. A 
pair were taken from hickory while mating on the former date, the 
male being wholly reddish-brown except the elytra, tibiae and tarsi. 

T. trivittatus Say, length 15-17 mm., a member of the Transi- 
tion life-zone, is recorded from northern Illinois. 



1048 



FAMILY LII. CERA ALB YCIDJE. 



XLI. Rhagium Fab. 1775. (Gr., "to tear.") 

Antenna? short, scarcely reaching the hase of elytra ; eyes rather 
small, oblong, slightly emarginate : prosternmn prominent between 
the front coxa?. One species occurs throughout the northern 
United States. 

1936 (6232). Ruagium lineatum Oliv.. Ent.. IV. 
1795. 69. 

Elongate, rather robust. Black, mottled with 
brown and grayish pubescence ; elytra with red- 
dish-brown spots. Thorax cylindrical, much nar- 
rower than elytra, armed each side with an acute 
tubercle. Elytra feebly narrowed from base to apex, 
each with three smooth, rather strongly elevated 
lines; intervals coarsely and sparsely punctate. 
Length 13-18 mm. (Fig. 445.) 

Laporte County; scarce. June 11. Oc- 

in Fifth curs beneath the bark of pine and in lumber 

yards. 




Fig. 445 

Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.) 



XLII, Cextrodera Lee. 1850. (Gr., "spine neck. ") 

Eyes large, globose and prominent ; antenna? slender, as long as 
body, male; one-third shorter, female; second .joint very small, 
fourth intermediate in size between the third and fifth ; body elon- 
gate, sides nearly parallel. One species has been taken in the State, 
and two others mav occur. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CENTEODEEA. 



. Tubercles on sides of thorax acute. 

5. Elytra uniform reddish-brown, truncate at tips. 
Wj. Elytra clay-yellow with irregular brown stripes 
tips rounded and slightly separated. 



1937. DECOLOBATA. 

and blotches, the 

PICTA. 



aa. Tubercles of thorax obtuse; pubescence of elytra arranged in lines. 

SUBLINEATA. 

1937 (6233). Centbodeea decoi.obata Harr.. Injur." Ins.. 
1841, 93. 

Very elongate, subcylindrical. somewhat flattened 
above. Reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent. Thorax cyl- 
indrical, constricted and much narrowed before the tu- 
bercle, the disk with a wide but shallow median groove. 
Elytra at base about twice as wide as thorax, feebly nar- 
rowed to apex, coarsely and somewhat confluently punc- 
tured on basal half, more finely towards apex. Length 
27 mm. (Fig. 446.) 

Kosciusko County ; rare. June 1. Occurs on 
beech and maple. 




Fig. 446. X If 
(After Wickham.j 



,THE LONG- HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1049 



G. picta Hakl, length 13 mm., is known from New York, Penn- 
sylvania and South Carolina. C: sublineata Lec, dark piceous, 
length 14 mm., has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

Pachyta monticola Rand., black, elytra dull yellow with tips 
and four black spots in a line near suture, length 9 mm., and P. 
Uturata Kirby, elytra entirely black, or dull yellow with black spots, 
length 15-18 mm., are both members of the Transition life-zone and 
may occur in the northern counties. 

AntJwphilax viridis Lec, elytra greenish-bine, legs black, and 
A. malachiticus HalcL, cupreous-bronzed to blue, legs pale, length 
13 mm., may also occur in the northern third of the State. 

XLIII. Acm/F.ops Lec. 1850. (Gr., "point + eye.") 

Species of small or medium-size, having the eyes small, not 
emarginate; antennas about the length of body, the fourth joint 
slightly shorter than third ; thorax variable in form, the disk either 
distinctly angulated or rounded, not tuberculate. Many of the 
species vary much in color, so that the synonymy is very much 
mixed. But two species have been taken in the State, though three 
others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACMiEOFS. 

a. Front and mouth not greatly prolonged. 

1j, Form short, stout ; hind tarsal joints stout, equally pubescent be- 
neath ; antennae stout ; sides of thorax concave behind the middle, 
the angle distinct. 1938. bivittata. 

hi). Form slender ; hind tarsal joints slender, the last one only pubescent 
beneath ; antenna? slender. 
c. Disk of thorax convex, not channeled, sparsely and finely punc- 
tured; elytra rounded at tips, dull yellow with suture, dorsal 
stripe aud side margin black. 1939. directa. 

cc. Disk of thorax flattened behind and prolonged each side into a 
tubercle; elytra truncate at tips. 
d. Black ; elytra opaque, base, side margins and sometimes the su- 
ture, bright red ; tubercles of thorax conical and on the sides. 

discoidea. 

dd. Black ; elytra shining, black striped with dull yellow or fuscous ; 
tubercles of thorax obtusely rounded and on disk. peoteus. 
aa. Front and mouth greatly prolonged; black, elytra black, fuscous or 
dull yellow, sometimes with dorsal stripe and tips fuscous. 

PRATENSIS. 



1050 



FAMILY LIT. — CERAMBYCIDiE. 




Fig. 447. X 3|. 
(After Wickham.) 

Length 6-9 mm. 



1938 (G259). Acm^eops bivittata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1824, 410 ; ibid. II, 195. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Usually dull brown- 
ish-yellow ; thorax with two black spots and elytra each 
with a narrow dorsal and a broader black lateral stripe; 
varies from entirely black to almost wholly dull yellow. 
Antennae about as long as body. Thorax much broader 
at base than apex, with a transverse impressed line in 
front of middle and another near base; sides angulate, 
the angle forming an oblique tubercle ; surface finely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra much broader than thorax, 
closely and rather coarsely punctate, the tips rounded. 
(Fig. 447.) 

Wells, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May 11-June 
26. Occurs on the flowers of Anemone pennsylvanica L. Accord- 
ing to Leng the form nigripennis Lec. has black elytra with thorax 
more or less yellow ; the form variant Lec. is entirely black, while 
fuscipes Lec. is entirely dull yellow except the dusky head. 

1939 (6271). Acm^ops directa Newm., Entomologist, 1842, 71. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Head, thorax, legs and under surface yel- 
low ; elytra as described in key ; antennal joints yellow at base, dusky at 
tips. Thorax subcylindrical, convex, broader at base, narrowed in front, 
sides rounded, not tuberculate. Elytra coarsely and deeply punctured. 
Length 6-8 mm. 

Marion, Lawrence, Crawford and Posey counties ; scarce. June 
4-June 27. Beaten from shingle oak, Quercus imbricaria Michx. 

A. discoidea Hald., length 6.5-8 mm. ; A. pro tens Kirby, length 
6-9 mm., and A. pratensis Laich, length 6-8.5 mm., are all recorded 
from Michigan and may occur in northern Indiana. 



XLIV. Gaurotes Lec. 1850. (Gr., ' 'superb." 

This genus is readily known by the shin- 
ing green elytra. Three species are recog- 
nized, one of which has been taken in the 
State. 

1940 (6276). Gaurotes cyanipennis Say, Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824,v- L 

423; ibid. II, 200. 
Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Head, tho- 
rax and under surface black; elytra bluish- 
green, shining ; antennae and legs pale brownish- 
yellow. Antenna? a little shorter than body. Tho- 
rax bell-shaped, narrowed and constricted on 
apical half; surface smooth, shining. Elytra 
twice or more broader than thorax, rather 
sparsely and finely punctured, humeri prominent, 
tips subtruncate. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 448.) 




Fig. 448. (After Smith in Fifth Rep. 
U. S. Ent. Comm.) 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BOKIXO KKKTLES. 



1051. 



Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent. May ID-July 
22. Occurs on flowers of sumac and wild hydrangea. 

Bellamira scalaris Say, chestnut-brown to black in hue, elytra 
marked with paler, as shown in Fig. 444, 20-27 mm. in length, 
ranges throughout the Eastern United States and has been recorded 
from Michigan and Ohio. 

XLV. Strangalia Serv. 1835. (G-r., "a rope or halter.") 

The very slender form, with elytra tapering greatly from base 
to tips will serve to separate the members of this genus. In our 
species the last ventral segment of the male is strongly excavated 
and the sixth and following antenna! joints have small oval, de- 
pressed poriferous spaces near the tips. Thorax bell-shaped, much 
narrowed in front, hind angles prominent, acute, base Insinuate. 
Four species have been taken in the State. They occur especially 
on the flowers of wild rose, wild hydrangea and other summer 
blooming plants. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STRANGALIA. 

a. Head and thorax wholly black ; elytra dull yellow, with margin and 

suture blackish. 1941. acuminata. 
aa. Head and thorax not wholly black. 
1). Elytra not wholly black. 

c. Elytra dull brownish-yellow, with black spots on sides ; antennae 
black. 1942. famelica. 
cc. Elytra reddish-yellow, with three black crossbars ; antennae red- 
dish-yellow. 1943. LOTETCORN1S. 
1)1). Elytra wholly black. 1944. bicolor. 

1941 (6282). Strangalia acuminata Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 73. 
Elongate, very slender. Uniform black except the elytra, which are 

dull yellow with black suture and side margins ; under surface rather 
densely, upper more sparsely, clothed with yellowish prostrate pubescence. 
Thorax finely and rather densely punctate, the median lobe of base smaller 
than in famelica. Elytra sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, tips less 
acuminate and more distinctly truncate than the next. Length 8-10 mm. 

Crawford County; scarce. June 26 -June 28. Much smaller 
and more slender than famelica. 

1942 (6281). Strangalia famelica Newm., Entom., 1841, 68. 

Elongate, slender. Above dull brownish-yellow, clothed with brighter 
yellow pubescence ; antennae, two broad stripes on thorax and usually some 
spots on sides and a band near apex of elytra, black; under surface usually 
dark ; abdomen, sometimes, and legs partly dull yellow. Thorax with sur- 
face, as well as that of elytra, rather sparsely and coarsely punctate. Hind 
tarsi with third joint strongly emarginate. Length 12-14 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun- 
ties. May 30-July 27. 



1052 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCJDiE. 



1943 (6284). Steangalia luteicornis Fab., Syst. 

Ent, 1775, 197. 
Elongate, slender. Reddish-yellow; thorax 
with two stripes and elytra with three cross- 
bars black ; hind femora black at tips. Thorax 
densely and rather finely punctate. Elytra more 
sparsely punctate, their tips acute. Length 9- 
13 mm. (Fig. 449.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; more 
so in the southern counties. May 31-July 
27. 

1944 (6285). Strangalia bicolor Swed., Vet. 

Ac. Nya. Handl., VIII, 1787, 
197. 

Elongate, very slender. Reddish-yellow ; ely- 
tra black ; tibiae and tarsi dusky. Thorax finely 
and rather densely punctured; hind angles very acute, strongly diverging. 
Elytra more sparsely punctate, their acute tips widely separated. Length 
12-14 mm. 

Starke, Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent. 
June 9-June 28. 

XLVI. Typocerus Lec. 1850. (G-r., " impression + horn.") 

The members of this genus are more robust than those of Stran- 
galia, but have the same tapering form. From the species of Lep- 
tura they are distinguished by the large impressed poriferous 
spaces on the antennae. These are near the bases of the sixth or 
seventh and following joints and appear as elliptical or elongate 
smooth spots. Three species have been taken in the State, while 
another perhaps occurs. - 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TVPOCERUS. 

a. Antennae black, the sixth and following joints with impressed spaces; 
thorax bell-shaped, not strongly rounded on the sides. 
1). Elytra never entirely black, usually banded with yellow. 

c. Legs black; elytra black with basal spot and three transverse 
bands yellow, the two front bands sometimes united at suture. 

SPARSUS. 

cc. Legs reddish-brown ; elytra reddish-brown, with four yellow bands, 
these frequently imperfect or obsolete. 1945. velutinus. 

1)1). Elytra, legs and antenna entirely black. 1946. lugubris. 

aa. Antennae brown, joints 3-5 longer, sixth without impressions in either 
sex ; thorax strongly punctured, much rounded on the sides before 
the middle ; elytra with four yellow bands more or less confluent. 

1947. sinuatus. 

T. sparsus Lec, length 9-10 mm., is known from Wisconsin, 
Michigan and Ohio. 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORIXG BEETLES. 



Mm 



1945 (6292). Typocekus velutixus Oliv., Ent, IV. 1795. 73. 

Elongate, robust, strongly tapering behind the middle. Head, thorax 
and antennae black : under surface usually black, the ventral segments red- 
dish-brown, often blackish at base. Elytra rather finely and evenly punc- 
tured, each puncture bearing a prostrate yellow hair ; tips subobliquely trun- 
cate, each with two short spines. Length 10-14 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 2-July 21. Occurs on 
flowers, especially those of wild hydrangea and Jersey Tea. By 
the elimination of the yellow crossbars the elytra are sometimes 
almost or wholly reddish-brown. 

1946 (6293). Typocekus lugtjbeis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, III. 

1824. 419 ; ibid. II. 198. 

Elongate, rather slender, tapering behind. Uniform deep black ; elytra 
very rarely with a reddish spot near humerus. Upper surface with pros- 
trate black hairs: under surface with yellowish ones. Tips of elytra sub- 
emarginate. the outer angle acute. Length 9-11 mm. 

Crawford and Posey counties: scarce. June 25-July 7. Oc- 
curs with the preceding. 

1947 (6296). Typocerus sintejatus Xewm.. Entomologist, 1841. 70. 
Elongate, rather slender, tapering behind. Black with rather dense 

yellowish pubescence; elytra with yellow bands, the three basal ones fre- 
quently connected near suture, tips black. Thorax convex, suddenly nar- 
rowed in front, sides strongly rounded. Tips of elytra subtruncate. not 
spined. Length 10-13 mm. 

Two specimens in Dury collection from northern Indiana. 
Should occur throughout the State. The bands of the elytra are 
sometimes reduced to spots near the margins. 

XL VII. Leptura Linn. 1758. (Gr., " slender.") 

A genus of large size containing about 70 known North Ameri- 
can species. It is separated from Typocerus only by the absence 
of poriferous impressed spaces on the antenna?. Sixteen species 
have been taken in the State, while six others perhaps occur. For 
convenience, the species, whose range is such as to include Indiana, 
are arranged in three groups. 

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA LEPTURA. 

a. Thorax more or less triangular, or bell-shaped, widest at base. 

&. Hind angles of thorax prolonged. Group A. 

65. Hind angles not prolonged. Group B. 

aa. Thorax nearly quadrate, more or less rounded or sub-bell-shaped, usual- 
ly constricted in front and behind, hind angles not prolonged. 

Group C. 



1054 FAMILY LIT. — CERAMBYCIDJE. 

Geoup A. 

Nine species of this group have been taken, while the range of 
two others is such that they may be looked for in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GEOUP A. 

a. Size very large, 28-30 mm. : black with velvety yellow pubescence; ely- 
tra red, apex black. 1948. emabgixata. 
aa. Size moderate or small, not over 15 mm. 

lj. Thorax with transverse basal impression present, often deep; elytra 
usually narrowed behind, often very much so and frequently spotted, 
striped or banded. 
c. Thorax with sides not much rounded in front of middle. 
d. Elytra black or dull brownish-yellow with black tips; abdomen 
with the third, fourth and base of fifth segments red. 

PLEBEJA. 

dd. Elytra with black and red or yellow markings. 

e. Outer joints of antennae annulate at base with dull yellow. 
f. Female reddish-yellow varied with black beneath; male 
black, elytra with yellow stripes; form more robust. 

1949. SUB HAM ATA . 

ff. Blackish ; legs and elytra yellowish, the latter with suture, 
discal stripe and side margins black: form much more 
slender. 1950. lineola. 

ec. Antenna? not annulate ; black ; sides of elytra, inetathorax and 
abdomen red; elytra not narrowed behind, much separated 
at tips. 1951. CBUENTATA. 

cc. Thorax convex, with sides much rounded in front of middle and a 
transverse depression at base: black with dense golden pubes- 
cence forming four elytral bands. 1952. xitexs. 
bh. Thorax without distinct transverse basal impressions; size small; 
elytra subparallel at sides, not spotted or banded but uniformly 
dark. 

g. Elytra margined and usually rounded at tips. 

Black; elytra blue, polished, coarsely and sparsely punctured; 
antenna? and legs either black or yellow. 1953. chalyb^ea. 
lih. Black or piceous; head and thorax often reddish. 

i. Elytra shining, rather coarsely punctured. 

j. Thorax without impressions; hind angles not prominent; 

tips of elytra subtruncate. 1954. capitata. 

jj. Thorax impressed near the hind angles, which are very 
prominent; tips of elytra rounded. 1955. amebicaxa. 

ii. Elytra more finely punctured, pubescence fine white; thorax 

either dull red or yellow. exigua. 
gg. Elytra not or scarcely margined at tips; dull Mack, with fine white 
pubescence; head, legs and first antennal joint sometimes red- 
dish or partly so. 1956. subabgextata. 



THE LONG-HORXED WOOD-BORIXG BEETLES. 



1055 



1948 (6297). Leptuea emarginata Fab., Ent. Syst, II. 1775. 341. 
Elongate, robust. Color given in key. Antenna? feebly serrate. Tho- 
rax strongly narrowed from the base, which is broadly but deeply Insinuate: 
surface sparsely punctured. Elytra widest at base, gradually narrowed be- 
hind, truncate and eraarginate at tips. Length 27-30 mm. 

One specimen in Dury collection from northern Indiana. 
Taken by him also near Cincinnati. Of it he says: ''This fine 
large species emerges from dead beech timber in June: the holes 
are perfectly round and some of them one-half inch in diameter. 
Many come from a single tree, yet it is very difficult to get speci- 
mens. " 

L. plebeja Band., length 13 mm., is a member of the Alleghanian 
fauna, recorded from Michigan. 

1949 (6304). Leptuea subhamata Rand.. Bost. Journ. 

Nat. Hist. II. 1838, 44. 
Elongate, rather slender. Male, head and thorax 
black; base of legs and discal elytral stripe (often in- 
terrupted) yellow. Female, reddish-yellow, the top of 
head, a discal spot on thorax, scutellum. sutural and 
side margins and transverse median elytral band black. 
Antenna? filiform. Thorax as In emarginata. Fifth 
ventral of male broadly truncate-emarginate and bi- 
dentate. Length 12-14 mm. ( Fig. 450.) 

Steuben County : rare. June 16. Taken 
from flowers of wild hydrangea. A species of 
northern range. 

1950 (6303). Leftura lixeola Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. 

Hist. III. 1824. 421 ; ibid. II. 199. 
Elongate, slender. Black, finely pubescent; legs (except tarsi) and 
elytra dull yellow, the latter with narrow sutural line, a narrow stripe on 
disk, and a broad one, sometimes broken into spots on sides, black. Thorax 
densely and finely punctured, feebly impressed, not sinuate on sides. Ely- 
tra with sides subparallel ; surface coarsely, deeply and rather closely punc- 
tured; tips truncate, subemarginate. Length 8-12 mm. 

Southern half of State: frequent. May 17-August 13. Occurs 
on flowers of various kinds, especially wild rose and Jersey Tea. 




Fm 



450. Female. X 3. 
(Original.) 



Ha Id.. Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc. X. 



1951 (6310). Leptuea cruentata 
1S47, 64. 

Elongate-oblong, slender. Color given in key: femora red. their tips 
black. Thorax nearly smooth, strongly and gradually narrowed from the 
base, which is Insinuate, the transverse basal impression deep. Elytra 
scarcely narrowed behind, coarsely punctured; tips rounded, widely sep- 
arated and margined, the outer angle subaoumiuate. Length 9 mm. 

Vigo County: rare. June 15. Taken from flowers of the red- 
osier dogwood (Com us stolon if era Michx.) 

[67—23402] 



1056 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDJE. 



1952 (6319). Leptura nitens Forst.. Nov. Spec. 
Ins., 1771, 45. 
Elongate, robust. Black ; body beneath, mar- 
gins of thorax and four elytral bands densely 
clothed with golden yellow pubescence ; antenna? 
dark reddish-brown; legs pale reddish-yellow. 
Thorax convex, with transverse impressed lines 
before and behind. Elytral bands broader at 
the suture, the basal one curving outward and 
forward to enclose the humerus ; tips of elytra 
obliquely truncate and subemarginate. Length 
10-13 mm. (Fig. 451.) 

Lake and Marshall counties; scarce. 
June 11- June 15. Beaten from foliage of 
Fig. 451. x 3. (Original.) oak. Listed as L. zebra Oliv. 

1953 (6311) . Leptura chalybjia Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1847, 60. 
Elongate, rather slender. Black; elytra steel blue, shining. Thorax 

subquadrate, convex, not much broader at base than apex; hind angles 
small ; surface finely punctured. Elytra parallel, rather coarsely and sparsely 
punctured ; tips rounded, not widely separated. Length 6-7 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 25. Ranges from New York and 
Pennsylvania to Iowa. 

1954 (6312). Leptura capitata Newrn., Entomologist. 1841, 71. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black ; head and thorax red. Thorax con- 
vex ; sides rounded, narrowed in front, hind angles small; surface finely 
and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra much more coarsely and sparsely 
punctured, the tips subtruncate. Length 6.5-9 mm. 

Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. April 26-July 10. 
Taken from flowers of wild plum. 

1955 (6313). Leptura Americana Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X. 

1847, 63. 

Form of capitata. Black; head and thorax red. with fulvous hair. 
Thorax convex, strongly widened behind the middle, finely and sparsely 
punctate. Elytra parallel, densely not coarsely punctured. Length 8-9 mm. 

Eecorded by Leng from Indiana, Ohio and southward; also by 
Dury from Cincinnati. 

L. exigua Newrn, black, legs in part pale, thorax sometimes yel- 
low with a black discal spot, length 5.5-7- mm., is a member of the 
Alleghanian fauna recorded from northern Illlinois. 

1956 (6316). Leptura subargentata Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1S37, 

184. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Color given in key. Thorax bell-shaped, 
more elongate and slender than in capitata, its surface densely, rather finely 
punctate. Elytra more -coarsely and sparsely punctate, the tips rounded. 
Length 6-7.5 mm. 

Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. June 1-June 8. Our 




THE LONG- HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1057 



form is var. ruficeps Lee, having the head red, or partly so, the 
front legs and base of middle and hind thighs reddish-yellow. 

Group B. 

In this group the species are usually of larger size with the hind 
angles of thorax not prolonged ; the antennae with joints one to four 
and half of the fifth, punctured, the remainder covered with very 
fine, dense silky hairs. Four species have been taken in the State, 
while another may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP P>. 

a. Antennae annulate with yellow (except in male of canadensis) . 
1). Tips of elytra truncate and dentate. 

c. Elytra deeply truncate-emarginate at tips ; antennae of male ser- 
rate ; black, elytra more or less red. 1957. canadensis. 
cc. Elytra truncate at tips, those of male sometimes feebly emargi- 
nate ; black, elytra reddish ; abdomen red, male, black, female. 

1958. RUBRICA. 

1)1). Tips of elytra nearly rounded, widely separated; black, elytra with 
reddish or yellowish submarginal stripe, rarely wholly dull yellow 
or wholly black. vagans. 
aa. Antennae not annulate. 

d. Black; elytra dull yellow except at tips, which are truncate and 
rather broadly and obliquely marked with black. 1959. proxima. 
dd. Black; elytra black, each with four triangular yellowish spots, their 
tips scarcely truncate. 1960. octonotata. 

1957 (6332). Leptura canadensis Oliv., Ent. 

IV, 1775, 73. 
Elongate, rather slender, elytra tapering be- 
hind. Black; elytra usually with a large basal 
reddish spot, which rarely (var. erythroptera) 
extends over the whole surface. Antennae with 
11th joint distinctly divided ; unicolorous, male ; 
joints 3 to 9 yellow at base, female. Thorax 
elongate, narrowed in front, deeply constricted 
behind; surface, as well as that of elytra, 
coarsely and closely punctured. Length 13- 
17 mm. (Fig. 452.) 

Several in Dury collection from La- 
porte County, taken by G. M. Levette. 
Probably to be found throughout the north- 
ern third of the State. Occurs about pine 
and hemlock. 

1958 (6333). Leptura rubrica Say, Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1S24, 
418; ibid. II, 197. 
Elongate, robust. Color given in key; under surface rather densely 
clothed with fine yellow pubescence. Antennae with 11th joint scarcely di- 




Fig. 452. (After Smith in Fifth Rep. 
U. S. Ent. Comm.) 



1058 



FAMILY Lit CERAMBYCID2E. 



vided, joints 1 to 5 in both sexes black, remainder annulate at base with 
yellow. Thorax sbort, convex, bell-shaped, constricted behind; surface 
coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra tapering from tbe base, coarsely 
and somewhat sparsely punctured, more finely toward tips, which are sep- 
arated. Length 10-16 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. June 11-July 4. Occurs in the 
sand dune region of Lake and Porter counties on the blossoms of 
the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia rafin.esquii Engelm; elsewhere on 
foliage of oak and wild grape. 

L. vagans Oliv., length 9-12 mm., occurs throughout the eastern 
United States. 

1959 (6314). Leptura peoxima Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, III, 1824, 

420; ibid. II, 198. 

Elongate, robust. Color given in key ; surface sparsely pubescent witb 
short, yellowish hairs, those on thorax longer and erect. Thorax rounded 
or subglobose, constricted before and behind ; disk with a broad and shallow 
median channel, rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra rather 
densely, not coarsely punctured, their tips truncate and subemarginate. 
Length 14-15 mm. 

Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. June 6-July 1. Occurs on 
foliage of maple and on flowers. 

1960 (6351). Leptura octonotata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL. Ill, 

1824, 419 ; ibid. II, 197. 

Elongate, rather robust. Color given in key; hind tarsi and base of 
hind femora pale. Body pubescent with long, whitish, suberect hairs. Tho- 
rax subcylindrical, feebly rounded on the sides, rather finely and densely 
punctured. Length 10-12 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. June 5. Two specimens in Dury col- 
lection taken by Levette in northern Indiana. The spots of elytra 
are equidistant, the front one on base. 

Group C. 

To this group belong medium-sized or small species in which 
the elytra are nearly parallel and the thorax as described in key. 
Six species are ascribed to the group, three of which have been 
taken, while the others probably occur within the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Thorax much, often suddenly, narrowed in front; elytra parallel from 
near base to tip. ; 
1). Thorax feebly or not constricted but with an impressed line at base ; 
elytra protuberant at base, 
c. Head prolonged behind the eyes ; black, shining ; elytra each with 
a yellow stripe, rarely wholly black. 1961. vittata. 



the: long-horned wood-boring beetles. 



L059 



cc. Head not prolonged; black, without markings. 1902. pubeka. 
hb. Thorax deeply constricted at base, the sides strongly rounded ; elytra 
not protuberant. 

d. Thorax not densely punctured or clothed with yellow pubescence. 
e. Black; legs more or less yellow; thorax sometimes (var. rufi- 
collis Say) red, nearly smooth except at base. sph^ricollis. 
ee. Black or piceous ; elytra brown, each with side margin and a 
long, narrow stripe on disk dull yellow; thorax sparsely and 
finely punctured, more coarsely at base. 1963. vibex. 

del. Thorax densely punctured and clothed with yellowish pubescence; 
dull yellow, the elytra with black stripes. aurata. 
aa. Thorax quadrate, hardly narrowed in front and not constricted behind ; 
elytra feebly narrowed from the base; black, the elytra sometimes 
dull yellow or with the tip alone dark. mutabius. 

1961 (6353). Leptura vittata Oliv., Encyc. Meth., VII, 523. 

Elongate, slender. Black ; elytra usually with a yellow stripe, broader 
at base, extending to beyond middle; rarely wholly black or dull yellow. 
Head densely punctured and with a distinct neck. Thorax elongate, sub- 
cylindrical ; surface, as well as that of elytra, sparsely and rather coarsely 
punctured. Elytra wider on basal third, the sides thence parallel to tips, 
which are subtruncate. Length 10-13 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 25-June 28. Occurs on 
foliage of Virginia Creeper and other shrubs. 

1962 (6354). Leptura pubera Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 

279 ; ibid. II, 336. 

Elongate, slender. Black, feebly shining. Head densely punctured, neck 
short. Thorax bell-shaped, base bisinuate, surface densely and rather 
coarsely punctured with a smooth median line and with numerous erect 
black hairs. Elytra sparsely and coarsely punctured, the tips truncate and 
feebly emarginate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Kosciusko and Starke counties; scarce. June 5-July 1. Oc- 
curs on the flowers of meadow-sweet (Spircea). The base of thorax 
is more deeply bisinuate and not at all constricted in pubera, 
whereas in vittata the constriction is evident though feeble. 

L. sphcericollis Say, length 7-8 mm., is known from Ohio, Ken- 
tucky and Michigan : L. aurata Horn, length 9 mm., and L. muta- 
bilis Newm., length 8-18 mm., have both been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati ; the latter also from Michigan. 

1963 (6356). Leptura vibex Newm., Entomologist, 1841, 72. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Head and under surface black; thorax 
reddish; elytra as mentioned in key; front of head and legs, except tips of 
femora, dull yellow. Antennae with tips of joints reddish-yellow. Thorax 
convex, deeply constricted before and behind. Elytra rather coarsely, not 
densely punctured, the tips rounded. Length 7-10 mm. 

Posey County; scarce. June 11. Occurs throughout the east- 
ern United States. 



1060 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDiE. 



Subfamily III. LAMIINAE. 

The members of this subfamily are very numerous and vary 
greatly in size, color and general appearance. The three characters 
in which almost all agree are the small, oblique groove of the outer 
side of the front tibia, the lack of side margins of the thorax and 
the cylindrical pointed or spindle-shaped terminal joint of the 
palpi. In the tribe Methiini alone the tarsal grooves are absent. 
In addition the front of the head is vertical, so that, viewed from 
above, the face cannot be seen and is usually large and flat ; front 
coxa? rounded, never transverse, the cavities rarely open behind; 
ventral segments always five. The tarsal claws are either "divari- 
cate," i. e., extending in a plane at right angles to the length of 
the last tarsal joint, or "divergent," not in the same plane but 
forming an angle. The " cicatrix" is a sort of scar seen near the 
tip of the scape or first antennal .joint in certain genera. 

The species generally remain stationary by day upon the trunks 
and branches of trees, and often escape detection by the resem- 
blance which they bear, in the hues and sculpture of their bodies, 
to the color and inequalities of the bark on which they repose. 
Their colors are, therefore, as a general rule less vivid than those of 
the Ceramby cilia?, the prevailing tints being brown and gray. 

The larva? resemble those of the Cerambycina? in being of a 
nearly cylindrical form, but a little tapering behind, and consider- 
ably swollen at the front extremity, with a small head, which is 
retractile within the enlarged front segment. These larva? differ, 
however, from those of nearly ail other Longicorns in being wholly 

destitute of legs. 

The principal literature relating to the North American forms 
of the subfamily, aside from the general works on the family al- 
ready cited, are as follows : 

# or7L __'<]S:otes on some Genera of the Cerambycida? of the 
United States." in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII, 1878, 11-50. 
Born— "Notes on some Genera of Cerambycida? with Descrip- 
tions of New Species," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 
1880,115-138. 

Hon? .—"Descriptions of some New Cerambycida? with Notes," 
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XII, 1 885, 173-197. 

Leng. Clms. W. & Hamilton. John.— "The Lamiina? of North 
America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXIII, 1896. 101-178'. 

Felt, E. P. & Joutel, L. I/.—' * Monograph of the Genus Sa- 
perda," in Bull. 74, N. Y. State Mus, 1901, 1-86. pis. 1-11. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1061 



Fall, H. C. — "New Species of Pogonocherns with Synoptic 
Table," in Ent. News, XXI, 1910, 5-9. 

The subfamily is divided by LeConte and Horn into 16 tribes, 
eight of which are known to be represented in Indiana, while mem- 
bers of two others may occur. 

• ' • JL 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF EAMIINiE. 

a. Elytra entire ; front tibiae silicate. 

1). Elytra with a spine or protuberance near the scutellum ; size small, 
not over 6 mm. 

c. Humeri rounded ; elytra convex with large spine near the scu- 
tellum ; front coxal cavities rounded.- 

Tribe I. Cyrtixixi. p. 1062. 
cc. Humeri distinct; elytra less convex with oval protuberance near 
scutellum ; front coxal cavities angulated. 

Tribe II. Psexocerixi. p. 1062. 
bh. Elytra not spinose or protuberant at base; size usually larger or 
moderate (over 6 mm. except in some Liopus of Tribe IV). 
<1. Scape of antenna? with an apical cicatrix (except- in Dorcaschcm a) ; 
body elongate, subcylindrical ; mostly large species with antennae 
sometimes greatly elongate in male. 

Tribe III. aIonohammixi. p. 1063. 
dd. Scape of antennae without apical cicatrix. 

e. Tarsal claws (at least those on front tibiae) divaricate. 

f. Front coxal cavities rounded; middle coxal cavities closed or 
nearly so : body usually broad; antennae usually very long in 
males. Tribe IV. Ac axthoderini. p. 1069. 

ff. Front coxal cavities angulate ; middle cavities open. 

g. Tarsal claws simple (except the outer one of front and mid- 
dle tarsi in some males of Saperda). 
Ji. Smaller, somewhat flattened species; thorax with a spine 
or tubercle on sides. 

Tribe V. Pogoxocherixi. p. 10S0. 
hh. Larger cylindrical species; thorax never armed with spine 
or tubercle. Hh-ibe VIII. Saperdixi. p. 10S4. 

gg. Tarsal claws cleft or appendiculate. 

Tribe IX. Phytceciixi. p. 1089. 

ee. Tarsal claws divergent. 

L Front large, flat ; front coxae angulated. 

Tribe VI. Oxciderixi. p. 10S3. 
ii. Front inflexed; form very slender and elongate. 

Tribe VII. Hippopsixi. p. 1083. 
aa. Elytra about half the length of abdomen: front tibiae not sulcate ; front 
coxal cavities angulated. widely open behind; eyes very large, divided. 

Tribe X. Methiixi. p. 1095. 



1062 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDJE. - 



Tribe I. GYRTININI. 

This tribe is represented in the eastern United States by a single 
genus containing one species, which is the smallest member of the 
subfamily : 

XLIX. Cyrtinus Lee. 1850. (Gr., "convex.") 

Head broad; eyes small, divided, coarsely granulated; antenna? 
a little longer than body, scape slender without apical cicatrix ; the 
joints each with one or two hairs near tip ; legs stout, femora 
strongly club-shaped. 

1964 (63S3). Cyrtinus pygm/eus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X. 1847, 42. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark brown ; anlennal joints annulate with 

yellow ; elytra with a transverse blotch of white pubescence before the mid- 
dle. Thorax subcylindrical, constricted at base, very convex, smooth. Ely- 
tra convex, wider behind, nearly smooth, each with a large acute spine near 
the scutellum. Length 2-3 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 5. Occurs on dead branches of oak 
and is probably frequent throughout the State, but overlooked on 
account of its small size. 

Tribe II. PSENOCERINI. 

Also represented by a single genus and very small species occur- 
ring from the Atlantic States to Nebraska. 

L. Psenocerus Lec. 1850. (Gr., "cynips + horn.") 

In addition to characters given in key this genus may be known 
by having the antenna shorter than body, scape rather stout, with- 
out cicatrix ; third and fourth joints equal, longer than the others ; 
tarsi wider than in Cyrtinus, the last joint rather long; claws 
widely diverging\uot divaricate. 

1965 (G384). Psexocekes sep^xotates Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
II. 1S24. 425; ibid. II. 200. 

Elongate, cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown or blackish, 
densely and rather coarsely punctured; scutellum. a narrow 
oblique band about the middle and a wider curved band, not 
reaching suture, on apical third, clothed or composed of 
white pubescence. Thorax cylindrical, convex, constricted at 
base. Elytra cylindrical, each with an oval obtuse elevation 
Fig. 453. x 2. near the scutellum. Length 3-0 mm. (Fig. 453.) 

(After Wickham.) 

Throughout the State ; common. April 2 3- July 
29. The larva? dwell in the stems of grape, currant, gooseberry 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1063 



and sometimes in twigs of apple. The adult is called the ''currant 
tip borer ' ' and is often beaten from the flowers or foliage of the 
various species of red-haw (Crataegus) and other shrubs. 

Tribe III. MONOHAMMINI. 

In this group of genera the front is large, vertical, quadrate, 
flat; eyes somewhat iinely granulate, emarginate; antenna; longer 
than body, very long in male, except in Goes and Cacoplia, scape 
rather stout; elytra narrowed behind or cylindrical; front coxal 
cavities angulated. Five of the seven genera comprising the tribe 
are known to be represented in the State, while a sixth probably 
occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEBA OF MONOHAMMINI. 

a. Legs long, the front pair 'elongate in male; antennae much longer than 
body. 

1). Thorax with spines on the sides. LI. Monohammus. 

hb. Thorax cylindrical without spines. 

c. Elytra rounded at tip ; black or grayish-brown. 

LIT. DORCASCHEMA. 

cc. Elytra pointed at tip ; color uniform ash gray. LIII. Hetcemis. 
aa. Legs equal, not elongate. 

d. Scape of antennas with a distinctly limited cicatrix. 

e. Thorax cylindrical ; color gray. Cacoplia. 
ee. Thorax with a spine each side ; color brown or gray. LIV. Goes. 
dd. Scape of antenna? with the cicatrix not sharply defined ; thorax with 
a strong lateral spine ; color black and white. LV . Plectrodeba. 

LI. Monohammus Serv. 1835. (Gr., " one + band or fetter.") 

Here belong large species with long legs, which occur upon pine. 
The antenna? of the males are very long, quite roughly punctured 
and without pubescence; those of females shorter, very much 
smoother and clothed with a fine ash-colored pubescence on the 
basal half of each joint from the third ; Except in confusor, in which 
the whole of each joint is pubescent; thorax with a robust spine 
each side. Two species and one variety have been taken in the 
State, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MONOHAMMUS. 

a. Tips of elytra rounded, the sutural angle acute or projecting as a short 
. spine. 

ft. Larger, 20-32 mm. ; elytra darker ; antenna? of male longer. 

1966. TITILLATOR. 



1064 



FAMILY LII. — C KE A MB Y CiD/£ . 



bb. Smaller, 13-18 ram.; elytra paler; antennas of male not more than 
twice the length of body. 1966a. var. caeolinensis. 

aa. Tips of elytra rounded, the sntural angle not prolonged, usually very 
obtuse. 

c. Surface color black, distinctly bronzed, the elytra with very small 
or no patches of white and brown pubescence. 

1967. SCUTEULATTS. 

cc. Surface color brown ; elytra sparsely mottled with small patches of 
gray and brown pubescence; antennae of female uniformly pubes- 
cen t. confusob. 

1966 (63S5). Monohammus titillatoe Fab„, Syst. Ent, 1775, 279. 

Elongate, robust, 
subcylindrical. Brown- 
ish, the elytra irregu- 
larly mottled with 
patches of brown, pic- 
eous and gray or white 
pubescence. Antennae of 
male sometimes four 
and a half times, those 
of female never more 
than one and a half 
times, the length of 
body. Punctuation of 
thorax variable from 
very sparse to dense. 
Length 20-30 mm. ( Fig. 
454.) 




Pig. 454. Male. Natural size. (After Harris.) 



Marion County; scarce. July 2- July 28. 
in pine lumber. 



Probably introduced 



1966 a ( j. MONOHAMML S TITILLATOE CAEOLINENSIS OHv., EntOUL, IV. 

1795, 85. 

Form of titillator but smaller and more cylindrical. Color much paler, 
the pubescence ash gray variegated with brown, the piceous spots of titil- 
lator almost wholly absent. Thorax coarsely and roughly punctured on 
center of disk; finely, transversely wrinkled near base and apex. Elytra 
coarsely and rather closely punctured on basal half, more finely and sparse- 
ly toward tips, which in both sexes are rounded, the sutural angle evident 
but obtuse. Length 13-18 mm. 

Lake and Porter counties; scarce. May 25-June 29. Occurs 
on the Northern scrub pine, Finns banMsiana Lam. Usually con- 
sidered a synonym of titillator, but in my opinion a distinct variety. 
It is the same as LeConte's minor. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1065 



1967 (63S7). Monohammus scutellatls Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824 : 

289; ibid. I, 192. 
Elongate, subeylindrical ; color given 
in key ; seutellimi clothed with white pu- 
bescence, its median line often smooth. 
Antennae of male twice as long as body ; 
of female, one-fourth longer than body, 
and sometimes annulate. Thorax trans- 
versely wrinkled, especially so near front 
and hind margins. Elytra coarsely and 
rugosely punctured, more so in male. 
Length 15-28 mm. (Fig. 455.) 

Lake and Porter counties: fre- 
quent beneath bark of pine. June 15- 
July 3. 

M. con f it sor Kirby, length 28-31 
nun., occurs in "Canada, New Eng- 
land and the Middle States." 

III. Dorcaschema Lec. 1850. (Or-., 
"a deer + form.") 

This genus comprises three medi- 
um or small-sized species, differing 
from their allies by the lack of cica- 
trix on basal joint of antennae, the smooth sides of thorax and the 
rounded tips of elytra. All three occur in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF DORCASCHEMA. 

a. Thorax truly cylindrical, longer than wide; brown with grayish pubes- 
cence. 

J). Thorax transversely wrinkled, indistinctly punctured ; larger. 15- 
22 mm. 196S. wildii. 

hi). Thorax not wrinkled: punctuataion distinct; smaller. 8-12 mm. 

1969. ALTER NATU M . 

aa. Thorax slightly narrowed behind the middle, nearly as wide as long; 
color black. 1970. nigrum. 

1968 (6391). Dorcaschema wildii Uhler, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 

1855, 217. 

Elongate, slender, subeylindrical. Brown, densely clothed on disk of 
thorax and elytra with yellowish-gray pubescence, this bordered on sides 
with light gray pubescence ; elytra with numerous small, rounded, bare 
spots and a large, irregular one behind the middle ; often also with a stripe 
of clay yellow pubescence on sides, extending from middle to apex. Thorax 
with median line smooth and with numerous fine transverse raised lines 
or wrinkles. Length 15-22 mm. 

Marion and Fountain counties; scarce. June 3-June 17. This 
and the next breed in mulberry and osage-orange and the adults 
are usually found on the trunks or foliage of those trees. 




Fig. 455. (After Smith in Fifth Rep. U. S. 
Ent. Comm.) 



1066 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDiE. 



1969 (6392). Doecaschema alternatum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1823, 405 ; ibid. IT, 1S8. 
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Brown, sparsely clothed with prostrate 
gray pubescence; thorax with four narrow stripes of clay yellow pubes- 
cence ; elytra each with three rows of irregular spots of similar pubescence, 
those of middle row the larger. Thorax sparsely and finely punctured, with 
an elongate median smooth space. Elytra more coarsely punctured; each 
with an irregular bare space behind the middle, this densely and confluently 
punctured. Length 8-12 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 24- July 7. 

1970 (6393). Doecaschema nigrum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1827, 272 ; ibid. II. 330. 
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Uniform dull black. Head with a nar- 
row raised line. Thorax finely granulate-rugose. Elytra minutely granu- 
late, sparsely, rather finely and deeply punctate. Length 8-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 5-July 8. Breeds in 
hickory, in the dead twigs of which it occurs in numbers. 

LIII. Hetcemis PI aid. 1847. (Gr., "in sight" or "at hand.") 

Differs from the preceding by having the elytra narrowed and 
pointed at tip. The antennae are slender, tapering, double the 
length of the body, the third joint longest, twice the length of 
fourth, fifth slightly longer than fourth. One species is known 
from the eastern United States. 

1971 (6394). Hetcemis cineeea Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 68. 

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, densely clothed with short, gray- 
ish, prostrate pubescence. Antennae naked, black. Thorax cylindrical, 
slightly longer than wide, narrower than elytra, the middle third with a 
smooth dorsal line. Elytra rather densely and coarsely punctured, the 
punctures hidden by the dense pubescence. Length 8-12 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. 
May 16-July 7. Breeds in walnut, mul- 
berry, osage orange and hickory, about 
the dead limbs of which it may be found. 

Cacoplia pullata Hald, clothed with 
soft gray pubescence, length 10-16 mm., 
is known from New York, Pennsylvania, 
Ohio and southward. 

LTV. Goes Lee. 1852. (Gr., "mag- 
ical.") 

Robust species, having the legs rather 
short and subequal in size; scape of an- 
tennaa with a distinct scar-like impres- 
sion near apex ; thorax cylindrical with 




Fig. 456. Goes pulchra Hald. (After 
S mitt, in Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent Comm.) 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BUETLWS. 



1067 



a short, obtuse spine each side. (Fig. 456.) Four of the six spe- 
cies are known from the State, and the others probably occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GOES. 

a. Surface color of body brownish ; antennae of male not more than one 
and a fourth times the length of body. 
1). Elytra each with a conspicuous space on apical half, which is not 
pubescent. 
c. Size larger, 22 or more mm. 

d. Pubescence of surface white. 1972. tigrina. 

dd. Pubescence clay-yellow, the basal region of elytra darker, less 
pubescent. (Fig. 456.) pulchba. 
cc. Smaller, not over 15 mm. ; pubescence marbled with whitish and 
dark clay-yellow. 1973. debilis. 

J)b. Elytra without conspicuous bare space on apical half. 

e. Pubescence clay-yellow or pale brown, inconspicuously mottled with 
paler spots. 1974. tesselata. 

ee. Pubescence grayish or almost white, uniform ; elytra usually with 
two crossbars of darker pubescence. 1975. pulveeulexta. 

aa. Surface color of body black, shining; antennas of male twice as long as 
body; elytra coarsely punctured. oculata. 

1972 (6396). Goes tigrina DeGeer, Ins., V, 1775, 113. 

Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dark brown, rather densely clothed 
with prostrate white pubescence. Thorax short, wider than long; disk 
with three obtuse tubercles, sides with a much longer one. Elytra finely 
and sparsely punctate, the basal third roughened with small, black, elevated 
points. Length 25-30 mm. 

One specimen in Webster collection labelled "Ind." Ranges 
from Pennsylvania and Canada westward and southward. 

G. pulchra Hald (Fig. 456), length 23 mm., breeds in hickory 
and is known from the Eastern and Southern States and Ohio. 

1973 (6398). Goes debilis Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Set, II, 1852, 150. 
Elongate, rather robust, subcylindrical. Brown ; head, 
thorax and apical third of elytra clothed with reddish- 
yellow or fulvous pubescence; basal half of elytra mot- 
tled with grayish pubescence. Thorax cylindrical, wider 
than long, coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra sparse- 
ly and rather coarsely punctured on basal half, more fine- 
ly toward tips, which are rounded. Length 11-15 mm. 
(Fig. 457.) 

Lake, Steuben, Starke and Marshall counties; 
frequent. June 13-July 5. Beaten from hickory 
and black or yellow-barked oak, Quercus echidna m rfftif Re P ( . u e V~ Em. 
Lam. Comm) 




1068 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDJE. 



1974 (6399). Goes tesselata Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X. 1847, 51. 
Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Dull brown ; everywhere clothed with 

very short, prostrate, brownish hairs ; elytra with small spots of yellowish 
hairs arranged in irregular rows. Thorax finely punctured and more slen- 
derly spined than in del) His. Elytra punctured as in that species. Length 
20 mm. 

Marshall County: rare. June 12. Known from Xew York, 
Georgia and Louisiana. 

1975 ( 6400) . Goes pulvebulenta Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. X, 1S47. 51. 
Form of tesselata. Brown; uniformly clothed with short, prostrate. 

whitish hair; elytra indistinctly cross-barred at base and again behind the 
middle with darker pale brown pubescence; scutellum sometimes clay-yel- 
low. Thorax and elytra punctured as in tesselata. Length 19-23 mm. 

Lake. Marshall, Madison and Marion counties ; scarce. June 10- 
July 15. Beaten from foliage of black oak. Said to breed in 
beech and wild cherry. 

G. oculata Lee. pubescence whitish, elytra each with a small 
black sppt one-third from apex, length 10-11 mm, is known from 
Xew York, Ohio and Wisconsin. 

LV. Plecteodeka Lec. 1852. (Or., ''spur 4- neck.") 

Body stouter than in Goes, with stronger thoracic spines ; lower 
margin of head behind the mentum straight, not rounded as there ; 
antenme of males but little longer than body. One species occurs 
in the eastern United States. 

1976 (G402). Plecteodeka scalatob Fah.. Syst. Ent.. II. 1775, 27S. 



ish pubescence.. Elytra very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 25- 
32 mm. (Fig. 458.) 

Lake and Porter counties; scarce. August 6-September 19. 
Occurs in the sand dune region, where it probably breeds in the 




Fig. 4-58. Natural size. (After LeConte.) 



\ 



Elongate subcyliu- 
drical, very robust. 
Black, shining; elytra 
with conspicuous, dense 
white pubescence ar- 
ranged in irregular 
transverse rows. Tho- 
rax with similar pubes- 
cence arranged so as to 
leave a large dorsal spot 
and a space around the 
base of spines bare. Legs 
and antennae sparsely 
clothed with fine gray- 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1069 



quaking aspen and cotton-wood (Populus), both of which are fairly 
common in that area. One of the largest and most striking mem- 
bers of the family in our fauna. 

Tribe IV. AOANTJ IODERINI. 

Small or medium-sized, rather broad and usually somewhat flat- 
tened species, having the front large, quadrate, vertical; palpi slen- 
der ; elytra rounded or truncate at tip ; front coxal cavities rounded, 
closed behind; legs moderate, femora usually strongly club-shaped, 
middle tibiae with a tubercle on the outer margin ; tarsal claws di- 
varicate. The color is dull, usually black marked with gray, and 
the beetles are found on the trunks or limbs of trees. Of the 13 
genera composing the tribe, eight are known to be represented in 
the State, while another probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ACANTHODERINI. 

a. Basal joint of antennae club-shaped; thorax with dorsal tubercles and 
large acute spine near the middle of each side. 

LVI. ACANTHODERES. 

aa. Basal joint of antennae cylindrical ; spine on side of thorax, if present, 
behind the middle. 
b. Females without elongated ovipositor. 

c. Thorax feebly tuberculate or angulate at the sides a little behind 
the middle; mesosternum broad. LVII. Leptostylus. 

ec. Thorax distinctly angulate, or more frequently with an acute tu- 
bercle or short spine behind the middle ; mesosternum triangular 
or narrow. 

d. Antennae without traces of fringed hairs beneath ; first joint of 
hind tarsi as long as the next two. 

e. Form somewhat flattened ; prosternum narrow but not linear ; 

body without erect hairs. LVIII. Liopus. 

ee. Form cylindrical ; prosternum linear ; elytra with erect hairs. 

LIX. Dectes. 

dd. Antennae distinctly fringed beneath with hairs; first joint of hind 
tarsi as long as the next three. 

f. Elytra without a carina on each side, usually with transverse 

angulated markings. LX. Lepturges. 

ff. Elytra each with a distinct carina on the side/ their surface 
marked with numerous small black spots. 

LXI. Hyperplatys. 

bb. Females with elongated ovipositor. 

g. Body above with erect hairs mixed with the pubescence. 

h. Antennae not much longer than the body and without fringed 
hairs beneath except feebly on the first joint; mesosternum 
broad. LXII. Graphisurus. 



1070 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCID^E. 



7ih. Antennae of male twice as long as body and very slender, with 
fringed hairs beneath ; mesosternum narrow. 

LXIII. CEKATOGR APHIS. 

gg. Body above pubescent without intermixed erect hairs ; antennae 
very long, with at least joints 3 and 4 densely fringed with short 
hairs beneath. Acanthocinus. 



LVI. AcANTHODEREs Serv. 1835. (GTr., "spine + neck.") 

Medium-sized rather robust and somewhat flattened species, hav- 
ing- the antennae not or very slightly longer than body, the first 
joint shaped like an Indian club ; thorax tuber culate above and on 
sides; femora much swollen towards the tips. The front tarsi of 
male are broader than in female and fringed at the sides with rather 
long hair. Two of the five known species have been taken in the 
State, while a third may occur. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACANTHODERES. 

a. Elytra each with a rather broad, oblique crossbar of white in front of 
middle and with a feeble costa on middle third near suture. 

1977. QUADP*IGIBBUS. 

an. Elytra without distinct whitish crossbar or costa, but each with an in- 
distinct M-shaped black mark behind the middle. 
&. Base of elytra with an oblong, obtuse raised space at middle; smaller, 
11-12 mm. 1978. decipiens. 

hi). Base of elytra regularly convex without raised space ; larger, 20 mm. 

morkisii. 

1977 (6404). Acanthodeees quadrigibbus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 
1835, 195; ibid. II, 6G5. 

Elongate-oblong, rather robust. Dark brown, 
rather thickly clothed with yellowish-brown pros- 
trate pubescence ; elytra each with a large undu- 
lated white crossbar near middle and a row of small 
alternate brown and white spots along the suture ; 
antennae annulate with gray. Thorax wider than 
long ; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather fine- 
ly, deeply and sparsely punctured. Elytra each with 
two elevations near base. Length 10-13 mm. (Fig. 
459. ) 

Clark and Posey counties ; scarce. July 
5- July 22. The larvae live in oak, hickory, beech and hackberry. 




Fig. 459. (After Smith in Fifth 
Rep. U. S. Ent.'Comm.) 



1978 (6406). Acanthodeees decipiens Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 
1847, 45. 

More slender than the preceding. Dark brown, densely clothed with 
short, prostrate, yellowish and gray pubescence in about equal proportions, 
the gray on elytra in three obscure, oblique, subparallel bands. Thorax 



THE LO.MMroRXED WOOD-IiOKIXfJ BEETLES. 



1071 



and elytra each with punctures and elevations as In quadrigibbus, from 
which it is separated mainly by characters given in key. Length 10- 
13 mm. 

Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. July 2-July 5. Occurs 
on the trunks of white oak trees. 

A. morrisii Uhler is known from Missouri, Pennsylvania and 
Canada. 

LVII. Leptostylus Lec. 1852. (Gr., " slender + point.") 

Oblong, rather robust species, closely related to the next, but 
differing by having a very obtuse tubercle on the side of thorax a 
little behind the middle: presternum broad and channeled; meso- 
sternum broader than long, more or less emarginate at tip and 
slightly dilated behind the coxae ; antenna; less slender and shorter 
than in Liopus, the outer joints becoming rapidly shorter than the 
third and fourth ; first joint of hind tarsi not longer, if as long, as 
the next two. Four species have been taken in Indiana, while three 
others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTOSTYLUS. 

a. Elytra without small elevations bearing short black scale-like hairs. 

b. Elytra slightly truncate at tip ; prosternum as wide between the 

coxas as the width of a coxal cavity. 1979. macula. 

bb. Tips of elytra separately rounded; prosternum narrower than a 
coxal cavity; thorax rather densely punctured on flanks as well 
as disk. collaeis. 
(id. Elytra with small tubercular elevations, each bearing on its summit 
short, black, scale-like hairs. 

c. Thorax densely punctured ; elytra with densely placed coarse, deep 

punctures. 1980. sexguttatus. 

cc. Thorax not densely punctured; elytra 1 punctures not closely placed, 
often inconspicuous or concealed ; legs not hairy. 
(1. Surface of thorax even, not tuberculate. regularly punctured. 
e. Elytra very indistinctly punctured, especially at apex, the disk 
with an angulate white band behind the middle, the tips feebly 
and obliquely truncate. biustus. 
ee. Elytra distinctly punctured over the entire surface, the tips 
slightly prolonged, not obliquely truncate. 1981. parvus. 

(Id. Surface of thorax more or less tuberculate. the punctures irregu- 
larly placed and rugose. 
/. Antennie in both sexes longer than body: elytra feebly or not 
roughened with acute tubercles. plaxidorsus. 
ff. Antennae scarcely longer than body, even in male, the third joint 
distinctly longer than fourth ; elytra with acute tubercles or 
ridges. 1982. aculiferus. 

[68—23402] 



1072 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCID^E. 



1979 (G423). Leptostylus macula Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 

1S2G, 26S ; ibid. II, 327. 
Oblong, convex, robust. Brownish ; thorax with whitish pubescence 
forming a broad stripe each side, banded within by a narrow blackish stripe 
which is formed by a row of elongate bare tubercles ; the central area 
brownish. Elytra each with a broad, irregular white blotch behind the mid- 
dle and with six lines of minute black spots. Thorax deeply and densely, 
elytra more sparsely punctate. Length 4-0 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. May 27-June 24. Taken from 
beneath walnut bark and beaten from oak. Breeds in beech, hick- 
ory, black walnut and butternut, 

L. collaris Hald., dull clay-yellow, elytra sprinkled with minute 
black spots and irregular patches of dark and gray, length 10 mm., 
is known from Kentucky eastward and southward. 

1980 (6420). Leptostylus sexguttatus Say, 

Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

V, 1826, 269 ; ibid. II, 328. 
Elongate-oblong, robust. Brownish, irregu- 
larly mottled with grayish pubescence ; ely- 
tra with an elongate dark spot behind base, 
another behind middle, sometimes becoming 
a bar, and a third near apex ; antennae and 
tibiae annulate. Thorax finely, densely and 
deeply punctured, the disk with five small, 
blunt, rounded elevations. Elytra each with 
two or three finely elevated costal, each of 
which, together with suture, bears a row of 
distantly placed black points. Length 7- 
10 mm. (Fig. 460.) 

Kosciusko County; rare. June 7. 
Said to breed in pine. Listed as com- 

mixtus Hald., but Say's name has pri- Fig. 460. (After Smith in Fifth Rep. u. 

S. Ent. Comm. 

ority. 

L. biustus Lee, elongate, narrow, dull brownish-yellow, sides cf 
thorax and elytra to middle black, length 4-6 mm., is known from 
New York, Illinois and southward. 

1981 (6417). Leptostylus paevus Lee, New Spec. N. Am. Col., II, 1S73. 

234. 

Elongate-oblong, moderately robust. Brownish, clothed with very fine, 
dense, dark gray pubescence ; elytra with an acutely angulate, oblique white 
band behind the middle ; antenna? and tibia? annulate. Disk of thorax with- 
out tubercles, but often with four or five minute flat facets. Elytra with 
an oblique impression in front of middle and each with four irregular, some- 
what broken costae, each of these with a row of small tubercles bearing 
short, erect black scales. Length 4-6 mm. 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1078 



Lawrence County; rare. June 5. Beaten from limbs of dead 
oak. Ranges from Canada and Pennsylvania to Kansas and Texas. 

L. planidorsus Lee, densely clothed with gray hairs, elytra with 
interrupted dark crossbar, length 9 mm., is known from Michigan, 
Louisiana and Texas. 

1982 (6411). Leptostylus aculiferus Say, Journ. Amer. Phil. Soc, III, 
1823, 329; ibid. II, 186. 
Elongate-oblong, robust. Blackish-brown, densely 
clothed with short, prostrate, grayish pubescence; elytra 
with a whitish band behind the middle, this broad at su- 
ture, narrowing toward the sides, and edged with a black 
line behind which the surface is fuscous or smoky brown ; 
joints of basal half of antenna^ spotted, those of apical 
half, annulate at tips with brown. Disk of thorax with 
five blunt tubercles. Male with hind trochanters ending in a short, acute 
spine. "Length 7.5-10 mm. (Fig. 461.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; probably throughout. April 
22-September 20. Breeds in a variety of trees, especially sycamore, 
oak, apple and osage orange. The larvae mine under the bark and 
are usually found in diseased or recently cut trees. 

LVIII. Liopus Serv. 1835. fGr., "smooth + foot") 

Species usually smaller than those of Leptostylus and differing 
by having an acute spine behind the middle on each side of thorax ; 
prosternum usually narrow; mesosternum gradually narrowed be- 
hind, truncate at tip and not dilated ; antennas always longer than 
body, joints 5 to 11, very nearly equal in length. Five species are 
known from the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIOPUS. 

a. Front flat, mouth in the same plane as the front; elytra without an 
angular mark behind the middle; sides of thorax curved, the spine 
small and acute. 1983. variegatus. 

aa. Front convex, mouth slightly retracted; spine on side of thorax rather 
distant from base. 
1). Elytra with distinct tufts of small, black, erect scales. 

c. Form robust; pubescence pale ash-gray; elytra with one broadly 

angulated band. 19S4. crassulus. 

cc. Form slender ; pubescence brown ; elytra with one band forming 
a broad angle, and a second less distinct band behind it. 

1985. FASCICULARIS. 

1)1). Elytra without tufts of erect scales. 

d. Elytra with an acutely angular blackish band behind the middle. 

19S6. ALPHA. 

dd. Elytra without an angular band but often with a feebly marked 
transverse band of whitish pubescence. 19S7. punctatus. 




1074 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDJE. 



1953 (6424). Li opus yaeiegatus Hald., Tr. Ainer. Phil. Soc, X, 1S4T, 47. 
Elongate, rather robust. Purplish-brown, mottled with black, clothed 

with very fine and short pubescence. Elytra with numerous small, irregu- 
lar black spots, and a dark blotch behind the middle, which is bordered 
behind by gray; antenna? and tibiie annulate with gray. Thorax sparsely 
and deeply punctured. Elytra each with two costs?, which unite near apex ; 
coarsely and rather densely punctured, more sparsely and finely on apical 
third. Length 8-12 mm. 

Marshall, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 15- July 2. 
Breeds under bark of the box-elder (Negundo aceroides Mcen.), and 
the honey locust. 

1954 (6426). Lioprs CBASsrixs Lee. N. Sp. X. A. Coleop., II. 1S73. 235. 
Elongate, convex, robust. Piceous brown, clothed with short, gray 

pubescence: elytra with the suture, three slightly elevated lines and mar- 
gin each bearing a row of sparsely placed black tufts of hairs; humeral 
angles black, polished; a large bare blackish space each side in front of 
middle and a curved, bare, black band behind middle. Antenna? one-half 
longer than body, annulate, first, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, feebly punctulate. Elytra rather coarsely 
punctured, tips obliquely truncate. Length 6-7 mm. 

Floyd County; rare. June 23. Breeds in the twigs of hack- 
berry. 

1985 (642S). Liopus fascicularis Harr.. Trans. Hartf. Soc. Nat. Hist.. I. 

1836. SS. 

Elongate, rather slender. Pale brown : disk of thorax with an oval 
spot near base and two obliquely placed ones near apex, dark brown. Ely- 
tra with a black spot near scutellum. a much larger one on sides behind 
the humerus and with a number of small black ones scattered irregularly : 
also with an angulated black band, bordered widely in front by gray pubes- 
cence, just behind the middle ; back of this a second rather indistinct black 
band usually visible, the pubescence between this and apex brown. Thorax 
very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra each with three slightly elevated 
lines, the inner and outer uniting before the apex ; surface rather coarsely 
and closely punctured. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; not noted north of Wells and 
Vermillion counties. May 19-July 8. Breeds in prickly ash. 

1986 (6429). Liopus alpha Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci. Y. 1826. 270; 

ibid. II. 329. 

Elongate, slender. Usually dull reddish-brown, rather sparsely clothed 
with grayish pubescence : elytra usually with four rows of small black dots 
and with an acute, angular black band behind the middle. Thorax with 
three small blackish spots : finely and densely punctured. Elytra rather 



THE LONG- HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1075 



finely punctured, the apical third almost without punctures; or often coarse- 
ly, with apical third distinctly, punctured (var. cinereus Lec.). Length 
5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the northern coun- 
ties. May 12— July 8. Breeds in apple, hickory and locust. This 
species and the preceding are very closely related. Say in his origi- 
nal description of alpha says: "Elytra irregularly punctured with 
a few black dots consisting of tufts of hairs, chiefly along the su- 
ture ; region of the seutel dusky ; a blackish marginal abbreviated 
line from the humerus all of which is true of fascicularis as above 
described. 

1987 (6431). Liopus ptjnctatus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 1847, 49. 
Smaller than alpha and distinguished chiefly by the absence of the an- 
gular black line of the elytra, which is replaced by an obscure transverse 
band of gray. The black dots are also fewer in number and smaller. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; rather frequent in the northern comities. 
June 5- August 9. 

LIX. Dectes Lec, 1852. (Gr., "given to biting,") 

To this genus belongs a single species ranging from Xew Eng- 
land to New Mexico and Colorado. 

1988 (6433). Dectes spinostts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V. 1826, 

271 ; ibid. II, 330. 

Elongate, cylindrical. Piceous. densely clothed throughout with short, 
prostrate, ash-gray hairs ; antenna? longer than body, the joints black at 
tips. Thorax with an acute spine each side near base; surface finely and 
rather closely punctate. Elytra finely and rather sparsely punctate, each 
puncture bearing a short, suberect, blackish hair, these plainly visible only 
when viewed from the side. Female with a short, black, exserted ovipositor. 
Length 8-10 mm. 

Warren, Marion, Vigo and Posey counties, frequent; probably 
throughout the State. June 10-July 28. Breeds in the greater 
horseweed and common ragweed. Ambrosia trificla L. and A. arte- 
misice folia L.. in the stems of which the larva? hibernate. On the 
horseweed the beetle is usually to be found resting in the angles be- 
tween the leaves and stem. 

LX. Lepturges Bates. 1863. (Gr., "slender + to make.") 

Small somewhat flattened species, having the sides of thorax 
angulate near or close to the base: antenna? fringed beneath with 



1076 FAMILY LIT. — CERAMBYCID^E. 

very short hair; pro- and mesosterna both very narrow, barely wide 
enough to separate the coxas ; hind tarsi with first joint as long as 
all the others united. Five of the six recognized species have been 
taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTUEGES. 

a. Spine on side of thorax rather broad and very close to the base. 

1989. SYMMETRICUS. 

aa. Spine on side of thorax more slender and acute, less close to base, the 
tip recurved. 

1). Elytra with a black crossbar behind the middle. 

c. Crossbar of elytra incomplete, broadly interrupted by the suture. 

1990. SIGNATUS. 

cc. Crossbar of elytra complete, broad. 

d. Apex of elytra not black ; crossbar oblique on each elytron. 

1991. QUERCI. 

del. Apex of elytra black ; crossbar transverse. 1992. facetus. 

~bb. Elytra without a crossbar, but each with six round black spots; tho- 
rax with four spots. 1993. regtjlaris. 

1989 (6435). Lepturges symmetrictjs Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. 
Soc. X, 1S4T, 50. 
Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Pale brown, rather densely 
clothed with purplish-gray pubescence ; thorax usually with four 
rounded dark brown spots. Elytra marked with darker, as 
shown in Fig. 462. Antenna} one-third longer than body, basal 
joint dark brown. Thorax and elytra sparsely and rather finely 
punctate. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 462.) 

Southern two-thirds of State ; scarce. July 2- August 

13. Occurs on foliage of wahoo (Euonymus) and other 

shrubs. The form as above described is that of var. 

pictus Lec. The marking's there given vary in both di- 
ng. 462. X 4- to to J 

(After Horn.) rections, so that specimens may be nearly dark brown or 
entirely pale. 

1990 (6436). Lepturges signatus Lec, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II. 
1852, 171. 

Elongate, rather slender. Pale reddish- or fuscous-brown, sparsely 
clothed with grayish pubescence ; elytra each marked with darker brown 
as shown in Fig. 463, a. Thorax finely and densely punctured. Elytra 
rather coarsely and sparsely punctured on basal half, more finely toward 
tips. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. July 7. Occurs on sumach, Ranges 
through the Eastern United States. 




THE LONG-HQRNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1077 



1991 (0437). Leptueges querci Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, 1858, 

796. 

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Head and thorax 
very dark brown, the latter often with a narrow dis- 
eal line of gray pubescence and a broad one on the 
sides; elytra pale purplish-brown, marked with dark 
brown as shown in Fig. 463, b. Antennae more than 
twice as long as body. Thorax densely and finely, ely- 
tra rather coarsely and sparsely, punctured. Length 
3.5-6 mm. (Fig. 463b.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 3- 

„.,,,, Fig. 463. X b. a, Elytra 

July 8. Taken from flowers of wild hydrangea of L . signatus . bt of L . querci . 
and beaten from elm and oak. Breeds in oak, c > of L.facam. (After Horn.) 
hickory and butternut. 

1992 (6438). Leptueges facetus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 

271; ibid. II, 329. 

Elongate-oblong. Black ; elytra each with a broad, oblique, Lrshaped 
whitish mark extending from humerus inward to suture, thence outward 
nearly to side margin, and a whitish bar on apical fourth. Antenna? and 
tarsi dark brown, the former more than twice the length of body. Thorax 
finely and densely, elytra more coarsely and sparsely, punctured. Length 
3-4 mm. (Fig. 463, c.) 

Kosciusko and Marion counties ; scarce. June 20-June 25. Oc- 
curs on trunks of beech, cedar and hickory, in the wood of which the 
larvae dwell. 

1993 (6439) . Leptueges eegulaeis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., 1862, 39. 
Elongate, slender. Dark brown, densely clothed with 
purplish-gray pubescence ; thorax with four rounded dark 
brown spots, two near apex and two near base; elytra 
each with six similar spots arranged in two oblique rows, 
the outer row of four spots extending from humerus to 
near apex, the inner row of two spots on basal third ; an- 
tenna?, under surface and femora reddish-brown; tibia? 
and tarsi black. Thorax and elytra both coarsely and 
rather sparsely punctured. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 464.) 

Fountain and Marion counties ; scarce. June 
Kg. 464. (After Horn.) |4_ j line 17 Occurs on the foliage of wild grape. 

LXI. Hyperplatys Hald. 1847. (Or., "over + broad,") 

This genus differs from Lepi urges by having the elytra more 
flattened on the disk, sides abruptly sloping downward and sepa- 
rated from disk by an acute ridge or carina, tips each obliquely 
emarginate, the outer angle more or less spiniform; antenna? more 





1078 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDJE. 



distinctly fringed beneath ; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the 
three following united. Two of the three recognized species have 
been taken in the State. 

1994 (6440). Hyperplatys aspebsus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, III, 

1824, 330; ibid. II, 187. 

Elongate, slender. Reddish-brown, densely clothed with grayish pubes- 
cence ; thorax with four small, round, black spots arranged in a transverse 
row, the two inner ones the larger ; elytra each with three irregular rows 
of similar spots and usually a large black blotch behind the middle. An- 
tennae of both sexes more than twice as long as body. Thorax wider than 
long, constricted near base, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra twice as 
long as wide at base, more coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 4-6 mm. 

Posey County ; scarce. June 28. Breeds in the twigs of cotton- 
wood and quaking asp (Populus) ; also in those of apple. 

1995 (6441). Hyperplatys maculatus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1847, 49. 

Resembles the preceding closely. Elytra more sparsely pubescent, the 
spots much larger and more irregularly arranged, the blotch behind the mid- 
dle absent ; femora 'red at base. Antennae of male about twice as long as 
body; of female shorter. Elytra not twice as long as wide, much more dis- 
tinctly punctate. Length 4-6 mm. 

Kosciusko, Wells, Perry, Spencer and Posey counties; scarce. 
May 12-June 17. Beaten from foliage of shrubs. 

LXII. Graphisurlts Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "a pencil + tail.") 

Here belong two rather robust 
elongate species, listed under the 
name Urographis Horn, and having 
the antennae nearly equal in the sexes, 
joints 3—1 1 gradually decreasing in 
i length; prosternum of moderate 
\ width, with a median groove; elytra 
jl emarginate at tip; thorax with a 
J blunt tubercle at the sides a little be- 
| hind the middle. The ovipositor is 
| much prolonged and the fifth ventral 
/ segment is also nearly equally pro- 
' longed to form a shield on its under 
side. One of the two has been taken 

Fig. 465. GrapMsurus triangulifer Hald. (After 111 tnG Sta te and the Other, triangil- 

smith in Fifth Rep. u. s. Ent. Comm.) Uf er Hald. (Fig. 465), a member of 

the Austroriparian fauna, probably 

occurs in the southern third. 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BOKI NO I5EETLES. 



1079 



KEY TO SPECIES OF GRAPHISURUS. 



aa. 



Prolonged fifth ventral of female emarginate at tip ; tarsi equal in width 
in both sexes ; pubescence of upper surface mostly clay-yellow ; length 

13 mm. TRIANGULIFER. 

Fifth ventral of female deeply cleft at tip ; front and middle tarsi of 
male broader than in female; pubescence of upper surface chiefly 
grayish. 1096. fasctatus. 



1996 (6443) . Graphisurus fasciatus DeG., Mem., 
V, 1775, 114. 
Elongate, rather slender. Thorax grayish 
with black dots; elytra thickly sprinkled with 
small black spots, and usually with two irregu- 
lar blotches, one in front of, the other behind 
the middle ; antennae and legs annulate. Thorax 
finely and indistinctly, elytra rather coarsely and 
sparsely, punctured. Length 8-14 mm. (Fig. 
466.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 
11- July 22. Found especially beneath 
bark of beech and hickory ; numerous pupae 
under the former on June 9 ; also breeds in 
oak and maple. 



LXIII. 



1888. 




466. (After Smith in Fifth 
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.) 



Ceratographis Gahan. 
(Gr., "horn + pencil.''') 

This genus, sufficiently characterized in the generic key, is rep- 
resented in the eastern United States, including Indiana, by a single 
species. 



1997 ( 6444). Ceratographis biguttatus Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1852, 172. 

Elongate, slender, slightly depressed. Dull brownish-yellow, rather dense- 
ly clothed with brownish pubescence ; elytra indistinctly mottled with gray- 
ish, each with an oblique black band behind the middle and a short, ele- 
vated blackish line on base. Thorax rather finely and densely punctured, 
with a sharp, obliquely placed spine each side behind the middle. Elytra 
rather coarsely, deeply and somewhat closely punctate, tips rounded. Ovi- 
positor of female one-half the length of the preceding species; all the fe- 
mora clavate. Length 9 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 23. A species of northern range. 

Aoanthocinus obsoletus Oliv., dull whitish-yellow, elytra with 
some small blotches and three undulated cross-bars, length 10-15 
mm., is known from Wisconsin and Ohio, eastward and southward. 



1080 



FAMILY LIT. CERAMBYCIME. 



Tribe Y. POGONOCHERINI. 

The genera comprising' this tribe are represented by small, some- 
what flattened species, having the tarsal claws divaricate; scape of 
antennas short and stout without cicatrix; thorax with a spine or 
tubercle each side. They usually bear long, erect (flying) hairs in 
addition to the ordinary pubescence, and the antennas are only a 
little longer or shorter than the body, the outer joints gradually 
shorter. Three of the eight genera composing the tribe are known 
to be represented in the State, while a member of another probably 
occurs. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF POGONOCHERINI. 

a. Thighs club-shaped ; vertex concave ; antermal tubercles prominent. 
1). Lower lobe of eyes elongate ; spines on sides of thorax large, median ; 
pubescence mottled, gray and black mixed with short, scattered 
hairs on elytra. Hoplosia. 
hi). Lower lobe of eyes as wide as long, subquadrate or subtriangular. 
c. Thorax with spines on sides ; flying hairs long. 

LXIY. POGONOCHERl S. 

cc. Thorax with feebly rounded sides ; pubescence short. 

LXY. Ecyrus. 

ml. Thighs not club-shaped; vertex flat or convex; antennal tubercles not 
prominent ; eyes coarsely granulated, lower lobe as wide as long. 

LXVI. Etjpogonius. 

Hoplosia nubila Lee, length 9-12 mm., is said to breed in twigs 
of dry beech and linden and is recorded from Michigan, Illinois 
and New York. 

LXIV. Fogonocherus Latr. 1829. (Gr., £ ' beard + to enjoy.") 

In this, as well as the next genus, the eyes are not coarsely 
granulate ; thorax with faint dorsal tubercles, elytra feebly carinate 
on sides; femora club-shaped; hind tarsi short, the first and second 
joints equal. Two species may occur in the State, though but one 
has been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF POGONOCHERES. 

a. Elytra with well marked costre on the sides and with a row of five or 
six tufts of erect black hairs. penicillatus. 
aa. Elytra without costas or tufts of hairs. 1998. mixtus. 

P. penicillatus Lee, piceous, elytra behind the base densely 
clothed with gray pubescence, length 6 mm., ranges from Maine to 
Michigan and Lake Superior. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 1081 

1998 (6453). Pogonocherus mixtus Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X. 

1847, 50. 

Elongate-oblong. Head and thorax pieeous black ; elytra blackish, 
variegated with dull brownish-yellow, bearing sparse, erect black hairs, 
and each with a broad, oblique band of white pubescence extending from 
side behind the humerus nearly to suture; antennae and base of femora dull 
reddish-brown. Thorax with two dorsal tubercles; surface smooth in fe- 
male, densely and finely punctured in male. Elytra rather coarsely and 
closely punctate, the tips subemarginate. Length 4-7 mm. 

Lake, Porter and Kosciusko counties : frequent beneath the bark 
and on the dead limbs of pine. June 15-JuIy 23. Said to occur 
also on pear trees and in dead branches of willow. 

LXV. Ecyrus LeConte. 1852. 

This genus differs from the preceding by having the antennae 
very hairy ; front tibia? suddenly thickened at apex ; thorax -cylin- 
drical and unarmed; pubescence of elytra more dense and close with 
a few erect short hairs proceeding from rows of granules. Three 
species are known, two of which may occur in Indiana, though but 
one has as yet been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ECYRUS. 

a. Thorax moderately punctured ; elytra each with four rows of small, dis- 
tant tufts of black hairs. 1999. dasycerus. 
aa. Thorax with only a few coarse punctures on sides; elytra variegated 
with brownish spots. exiguus. 

1999 (6456). Ecyrus dasycerus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 

270; ibid. II, 328. 

Elongate, robust, parallel. Pale grayish-brown ; elytra with a common, 
narrow, curved band on basal third reaching to middle of sides and each 
with four rows of minute tufts of blackish hairs, one on the suture, the 
others on slightly raised lines. Antennte a little longer than body, annulate. 
Occiput deeply impressed. Front margin of thorax with two small tuber- 
cles at middle ; disk with two black facets, surface rather closely and finely 
punctured. Elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured, the tips subtruncate. 
Length 6-8 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, June 1-July 2. Beaten from 
foliage of elm and wild grape and from limbs of dead oak. 

E. exiguus Lee, antenna? dull yellow, not annulate, length 4.5 
mm., is known from Ohio, Georgia and Kansas. 



1082 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYClDJE. 



LXVI. Eupogonius Lec. 1852. (Gr., " well + bearded. ") 

Eyes very coarsely granulated; antenna? not longer than body, 
thickly clothed with long flying hairs, scape feebly club-shaped, 
shorter than third joint, joints 5-10 equal; thorax densely punc- 
tured without dorsal tubercles, armed on the side with a small 
spine; legs short, equal; first joint of hind tarsi a little longer than 
second. Four species are known, all of which may occur in Indi- 
ana, though but one has been taken. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF EUPOGONIUS. 

a. Spine on side of thorax acute, well marked. 

6. Elytra pale chestnut brown, the punctuation feeble, almost obsolete 
near apex ; pubescence ash-gray or yellowish, forming more or less 
transverse reticulations. tomentosus. 
66. Elytra piceous, the punctuation coarse, gradually finer but distinct 
at tip; pubescence pale clay-yellow arranged in irregular small 
patches. 2000. vestitus. 

aa. Spine on side of thorax small, obtuse. 

, o. Elytra nearly black, punctuation rather coarse, finer but distinct at 
apex, the pubescence ash-gray, fine and very evenly disposed; tho- 
rax sparsely and evenly pubescent. pubescens. 
cg. Elytra black, coarsely punctured even to the apex, the pubescence 
black and inconspicuous ; thorax with a broad line of yellowish 
pubescence each side. subaematus. 

E. tomentosus Hald., length 7-8 mm., occurs on pine and is 
known from Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Florida; E. 
pubescens Lec, length 7-8 mm., is recorded from -Ohio and northern 
Illinois; E. subarmatus Lec, length 7-8 mm., breeds in elm and oc- 
curs throughout the eastern United States. 

2000 (6459). Eupogonius vestitus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1826, 273; ibid. II, 331. 

Elongate, convex, parallel. Piceous brown, everywhere sparsely clothed 
with erect hairs ; elytra marked with numerous small, irregular patches of 
clay-yellow pubescence, these sometimes (form pauper) becoming narrow 
transverse lines. Thorax densely, deeply and rather coarsely punctured. 
Elytra rounded at tips. Length 6-8 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 21-June 25. Beaten 
from foliage of oak, beech and wild grape; said to breed in dead 
hickorjr limbs. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BOM NG BEETLES. 



1083 




Fig. 467. Oiicideres cin- 
gulata Say. a, beetle; b, 



Tribe VI. ONCIDERINI. 

Front coxal cavities angulatecl on the outer side 
and closed behind ; antennae longer than body in 
male, as long as body in female, the scape stout, 
without cicatrix; legs rather stout, equal; claws 
slightly divergent. One genus of the tribe is rep- 
resented in New York, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, 
Texas and probably southern Indiana by the "hick- 
ory girdler, " Oncideres cingulata Say, length 14- 
17 mm., smoky or reddish-brown to clay-yellow in 
hue, with the pubescence usually forming a broad 
median band on elytra, thorax with or without a 
spine on sides, the disk usually with three small 
black facets. The female beetle deposits her eggs in j^ e . f a g d > d ;° ^^jg 
twigs of trees and then cuts a girdle about the twig male - ( AfterRile y ) 
below the eggs. (Fig. 467.) The twig dies and is broken off by the 
wind, falling to the ground where the larvae mature. The beetle oc- 
curs in August and September and not only girdles the young twigs 
of hickory, but also those of pear, apple, plum, elm, linden, and 
other trees. 

Tribe VII. HIPPOPSINI. 

Body very slender ; front long and innexed so that the mouth is 
near the prosternum ; palpi not slender, the last joint almost conical 
and pointed ; eyes coarsely granulated ; front coxae annulated • legs 
rather short, equal; tarsi as long as the tibiae, first joint of hind 
pair slightly elongated, last joint rather long, claws divergent. One 
of the four genera is represented in the State. 



LXVII. Hippopsis Serv. 1825. (G-r., "horse + face.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in the 
eastern United States by a single species. 

2001 (6472). Hippopsis lemnisgata Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 330. 

Elongate, very slender, cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown; thorax with 
two whitish lines each side ; elytra each with three whitish lines ; antennae 
pale brown, darker at base, more than twice as long as body, fringed with 
hairs beneath. Thorax much longer than wide, cylindrical, rather coarsely 
and densely punctured. Elytra with coarse, deep punctures arranged in 
rows, the tips rather acute. Length 10-13 mm. 

Marion, Vigo and Orange counties: scarce. May 28-June 7. 
Breeds in stems of ragweed (Ambrosia) ; also in those of tick weed 



1084 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIDzE. 



and bur-marigold (Coreopsis and Bidens). Taken by sweeping 
these plants. 

Tribe VIII. SAPERDINI. 

Large or medium-sized, cylindrical species having the front flat, 
quadrate and vertical; eyes finely granulated, deeply emarginate; 

paipi rather stout, last joint more or less 
oval, truncate at tip ; antennas as long as 
body or a little shorter, scape nearly cyl- 
indrical, without cicatrix; thorax cylindri- 
cal, without spines or tubercles; elytra 
wider than thorax, rounded (rarely spinose 
or acuminate) at tip; legs moderate, thighs 
not club shaped; hind tarsi with first joint 
much elongated ; tarsal claws divaricate. All 
of our species belong to the single genus : 




LXVIII. 



(Gr, 



Saperda Fab. 1775. 

kind of fish.") 

To this genus, as characterized above, 

15 North American species have been 

Fig. 468. saverdaobiiqm s ay ..(Aher ascribed by Messrs. Felt and Joutel,* of 
Smith in Fifth Rep. u. s. Ent. Comm.) w hi c h eight have been taken in Indiana, 

while six others may occur. Among them 
are beetles of much economic importance, several being very in- 
jurious to apple trees, while others prey upon the elm, hickory, lin- 
den and poplar. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SAPERDA. 

a. Antennae plainly annulate. 

1). Head deeply impressed between the eyes. 

c. Elytra obliquely narrowed, ending in a spine at tip ; color yellow- 

ish-brown with four oblique darker bands. (Fig. 468.) 

OB LI QUA. 

cc. Elytra slightly narrowed at tip and without a spine; thorax with 
three orange yellow lines. 2002. mtjtica. 

hi). Head rounded in front, 

d. Thorax with a dense line of gray pubescence each side; black, 

coarsely punctured, thinly clothed with fine ash-gray pubescence. 

MCESTA. 

dd. Thorax with pubescence uniform, black, more finely punctured, 
densely clothed throughout with gray pubescence. 

2003. CON COLOR. 

aa. Antennse unicolored, not annulate. 



*Their monograph is a model of its kind, giving full description, life history and colored figure of each 
species and its markings. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



L085 



c. Elytra rounded at tip with spine at suture, very rarely with the apex 
acute and without sutural spine ; gray with yellow patches. 

2004. CALCARATA. 

cc. Elytra rounded at tip without spine at suture. 
/. Elytra with marginal or submarginal stripes. 
g. Thorax and elytra not black. 

h. Pubescence silvery white; thorax and elytra brown or yellow- 
ish-brown with two white stripes. (Fig. 470.) Candida. 
hli. Pubescence ash-gray. 

i. Thorax yellow with four black spots on disk and one on each 
side ; elytra with broad marginal and sutural stripes bright 
yellow. PUNCTICOLLIS. 
it. Thorax and elytra gray, each with an orange stripe on sides. 
Second and third crossbands on elytra oblique, a small 
dark spot usually on each side of first and one behind 
the third. 2005. tridentata. 

if. First and second crossbands on elytra oblique ; small dark 
spots wanting. 2006. imitans. 

gg. Thorax and elytra black, with orange stripes on sides, rarely a 
sutural orange stripe present; surface coarsely punctured. 

2007. LATERALIS. 

ff. Elytra without stripes, usually with spots, rarely unicolored. 
k. Elytra with white pubescent spots; thorax with two white 
stripes ; sides and under surface white. 

I. Humeri of elytra not white ; two large white spots on each ely- 

tron, reaching neither margin or suture. (Fig. 472.) 

CRETATA. 

II. Humeri white ; two white spots near the suture on each ely- 

tron. FAYI. 

kk. Elytra without white pubescent spots. 

m. Cinnamon or reddish-brown, sometimes nearly black ; male 
smaller, 10 mm., with elytra unicolored ; female, larger, 
15 mm., with a transverse undulated yellowish crossbar at 
middle. 200S. discoidea. 

mm. Olive yellow, with three small black dots near middle of each 
elytron, these sometimes wanting. 2009. vestita. 

8. obliqua Say (Fig. 468), length 16-19 mm., is known from New 
England to Michigan and Wisconsin. It is found on black alder 
(Alnus serrulata Willd.) in June and very probably occurs in north- 
ern Indiana. S. mo est a Lee, length 8-9 mm., breeds in poplars and 
is known from New England, Northern Ohio, Michigan and west- 
ward. 

2002 (6479). Saferda mutica Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 
409 ; ibid. II, 191. 

Elongate, robust. Black, sparsely clothed with gray and yellow pubes- 
cence. Thorax with an orange median stripe extending onto the head and 
a similar stripe each side; elytra with numerous patches of denser yellow 



1086 



FAMILY LII. CERAMBYCIDiE. 



pubescence; antennae shorter than body, annulate with gray and black. 
Thorax and elytra rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the punctures 
showing as bare round dots. Length 9-15 mm. 

Kosciusko and Marshall counties; scarce. June 5- August 17. 
Beaten from foliage of black oak. Occurs near lakes and possibly 
breeds in willow. 

2003 (64S9). Saperda concolor Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1852, 



Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, everywhere densely and evenly 
clothed with fine, prostrate, gray pubescence ; antennae annulate. Thorax 
and elytra rather finely and sparsely • punctured, the latter with tips 
rounded. Length 10-12 mm. 

Lake County; rare. June 16. Breeds in the stems of willow 
(Salix longi folium Muhl.), and m the base of sapling poplars. 
Probably occurs throughout the State. 

2001 (6478). Saperda calcarata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1824, 408 ; ibid. II, 190. 



#' AVhere trees are badly infested the most 

Fig. 469 (After Smith in Fifth'.Rep. obvious si<?ns are the numerous blackened, 

U. o. Ent. Comm.) ° 

swollen scars along the surface of the 
trunks and limbs. Sometimes these are open, and in early summer 
large quantities of borings are expelled from the inhabited gal- 
leries, and frequently occur in considerable piles about the base of 
the trees. It is impossible to attempt to control this insect on other 
than valuable shade or park trees. In such situations, digging out 



163. 




•Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Reddish- 
brown, densely clothed with prostrate gray and 
yellow pubescence. Front of head, three stripes 
on thorax, scutellum and numerous lines and 
blotches on elytra, orange yellow. Thorax sparse- 
ly, elytra more closely, marked with small, 
round, black, bare dots or punctures. Length 
21-30 mm. (Fig. 469.) 



Lake. Porter, Marion and Vigo coun- 
ties, frequent; probably throughout the 
State. May 31-July 16. This beetle, 
known as the "poplar borer," is our largest 
member of Saperda. It breeds in cotton- 
wood, quaking ash, lombardy poplar and 
other members of Populus, to which it often 
does great damage. Three years are prob- 
ably required to complete its life changes. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1087 




the borers, with possible recourse to the use of repellant washes, is 
about all that can be done and in the majority of 
instances should afford considerable protection. In 
one specimen from Porter County the tips of elytra 
are acute and divaricate. 

S. Candida Fab. (Fig. 470), length 15-20 mm., 
has the same range as mo est a. Its larva is known 
as the "apple tree borer" and is sometimes very 
destructive to apple, crab-apple, June berry and Fig. 470. Saperda can- 
red-haw. It attacks the tree near the base, and dida Fab ' Xatural size - 
several thicknesses of newspaper, loosely tied, or a wire netting kept 
at a distance of half an inch from the trunk for a height of three 
feet above the ground from May till September, will serve as a pro- 
tection. A heavy coating of whitewash with Paris green to the 
same height will also often prevent the beetle from depositing eggs. 

S. ptmcticollis Say, length 9-10 mm., breeds in the poison ivy, 
Rhus radicans L., and occurs about the middle of June on that 
plant. 

2005 (6485). Saperda tbidentata Oliv., Ent, IV, 1795, 30. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Blackish-brown to 
piceous, rather densely clothed with fine, gray, prostrate 
pubescence, that on under surface longer and more con- 
spicuous ; thorax with an orange stripe each side extend- 
ing onto head, where it 'divides and encircles an eye, 
usually with two black dots each side below the stripe ; 
elytra each with a narrow, submarginal, orange stripe 
from which proceed three bands, the first nearly trans- 
verse except at tip, the other two oblique and usually 
joining those from opposite side at suture. Thorax and 
elytra rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the latter 
with tips subtruncate. Length 9-14 mm. (Fig. 471.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 20-July 10. This beetle 
is commonly known as the "elm borer," as the larva? are very in- 
jurious to the white and slippery elms, especially to the former 
when planted as a shade tree. The first signs of its attack are 
usually seen in the lighter, thinner foliage, followed by a dead 
limb here and there. Indications of boring soon appear, and the 
dark sawdust collects in crevices of the bark, and, after the attack 
has progressed for some time, large portions of the bark may be 
easily pulled from the tree. The inner portion of the bark may be 
literally a mass of mines or burrows, and if the work has not gone 
too far, numerous whitish, flattened, legless grubs may be found in 
the channels they have excavated. 

[G9— 23402] 




Fig. 471. X 1}. 
(After Riley.) 



1088 



FAMILY LII. — CERAMBYCIM5. 



Badly infested trees should be cut and burned before the beetles 
have had an opportunity to emerge in the spring or, in Indiana, 
before the middle of May. Infested portions of other trees should 
also be cut away and burned. Removing portions of the bark has 
also been recommended. The badly infested portions should be cut 
away and the grubs destroyed and, where a few are working in 
living bark, it might be well to remove the upper layers until the 
grubs are nearly exposed and then brush over the shaven surface 
with strong kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution, finally 
covering the wound with a paste formed of a mixture of fresh cow 
dung and lime or with a coat of cheap red paint. 

2006 ( ). Saferda imitans Felt & Joutel, Bull. 74, N. Y. St. Museum, 

1904, 58. 

Resembles tridentata, but more slender. General color darker; first 
crossbar of elytra oblique without spots on each side; second crossbar 
usually not connected with marginal stripe, the tip more pointed and rarely 
reaching suture; third crossbar usually rudimentary and transverse. Ely- 
tra with humeral angle less pronounced and tips rounded. Length 11- 
13 mm. 

Crawford and Posey counties ; scarce. May 12-May 15. Beaten 
from foliage of hickory, in the wood of which the larva? are sup- 
posed to live. 

2007 (6486). Saperda lateralis Fab., Syst Ent., 1775, 185. 

Elongate, rather robust. Piceous black; pubescence beneath gray and 
dense ; above blackish-brown, very sparse and intermixed with short semi- 
erect black hairs; thorax and head marked with orange as in tridentata; 
elytra each with a submarginal orange stripe connecting with that of tho- 
rax at humeral angles and often also with a very narrow sutural stripe 
of same hue. Males with a tooth or process on all the claws. Length 9- 
15 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 30- 
July 2. Beaten from hickory and elm. Breeds 
in the former, but rarely abundant enough to 
do much damage. 

8. cretata Newm. (Fig. 472), length 12-20 
mm., and 8. fayi Bland., length 10-12 mm., 
both breed in the red -haw {Crataegus) and 
emerge in June. The former ranges from New 
England to Michigan, Illinois and Iowa, while 

(After Chittenden.) fQy - ^ known f rom Qhio eastward. 




THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1089 



2008 (6484). Sapekda discoidea Fab., Ent. Syst. Supp., 1798, 147, female; 

fuscipes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1827, 273, 
male. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Male, slender, usually blackish or piceous; 
above sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence, which forms a whitish line 
on disk and' sides of thorax ; that of under side more dense, longer and sil- 
very white; femora reddish-brown, tibiae and tarsi often darker. Female 
more robust, dark reddish-brown, the pubescence olive or grayish-yellow; 
head, thorax and scutellum more densely clothed with yellow hairs ; elytra 
each with a small spot on basal third, another on apical third and a rather 
broad, crescent-shaped bar at middle, composed of dense yellow hairs; un- 
der surface light yellowish-gray. Length, male, 10-11 mm; female, 14- 
16 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties, scarce; probably 
throughout the State. June 6-July 15. The sexes are so unlike in 
size and appearance that they were long mistaken for distinct spe- 
cies. It breeds in hickory and butternut, usually confining its at- 
tacks to diseased or dying trees. 

2009 (6483). Saperda vestita Say, Long's Exped., 1824, 

29 ; ibid. I, 193. 

Elongate, robust, cylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, 
everywhere clothed with dense, olive-yellow, prostrate pu- 
bescence. Elytra each usually with three small black 
dots, two placed obliquely in front of and one, more dis- 
tant, behind the middle. Length 12-21 mm. (Fig. 473.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 3-Au- 
gust 20. A large and handsome beetle known as 
the "linden borer," as the larva 1 live in the wood 
of the linden (Tiha), often proving very destruc- (A £ SJt'S 
tive to those set out for shade. Remedies the same Rep u s Ent Comm) 
as those above given for the ' ' poplar borer. ' ' 

Tribe IX. PHYTCECIINI. 

Medium-sized cylindrical or rather robust forms, having the 
tarsal claws cleft or toothed in both sexes • front moderately convex, 
broader than long; eyes finely granulate, emarginate or divided; 
palpi slender, last joint elongate-oval, nearly pointed • antenna? not 
longer than body, scape cylindrical; thorax either cylindrical or 
with an obtuse tubercle on sides ; elytra cylindrical, rounded or trun- 
cate at tips ; front coxa? conical, cavities angulated, closed behind ; 
legs short, thighs not club-shaped; hind tarsi with first joint not 
elongate, last joint rather long. The tribe is composed of five 
genera, all of which are represented in Indiana. 




1090 



FAMILY LTI. CERAMBYCIDJE. 



KEY TO GENERA OF PHYTCECIIM. 



a. Eyes deeply emarginate but not divided; thorax cylindrical. 
J). Antennae not pilose: form elongate, slender, cylindrical. 

c. Body aboYe nearly uniform gray; tarsal claws feebly toothed or 
cleft LXIX. Mecas. 

cc. Body aboYe never uniform gray, usually bicolored, with small black 
spots on thorax ; tarsal claws broadly toothed. LX X . Oeerea. 
bh. Antennae thickly pilose with long black hairs ; form shorter, elongate- 
oblong. LXXIII. Amphioxycha. 
aa. Eyes completely divided, the upper and lower portions widely sepa- 
rated ; thorax dilated or tuberculate on the sides. 
d. Form slender ; head and thorax red, elytra black ; tarsal claws broad- 
ly toothed. LXXI. Teteops. 

dd. Form robust ; color red with black spots ; tar- 
sal claws cleft. LXXIL Tetbaopes. 



LXIX. Mecas Lee. 1852. 

Our members of this gemis are slender, 
black species, clothed with gray pubescence. 
They resemble small Saperdas, but have the 
front short and subconvex instead of flat and 
quadrate, and the tarsal claws cleft. Their 
habits are. moreover, different, as they do not 
breed in wood, but in the stems of herbs or 
weeds. One of the five known species has 
been taken in the State, while two others may 
occur. 




Fi" 474. Mecas inornata Say. 
(After Smith in Fifth Rep. U. S. 
Ent. Comm.) 



KEY TO IXDIANA SPECIES OF MECAS. 

(7. Legs black. 

ft. Body above uniformly clothed with ash-gray pubescence; thorax 
usually with a bare elevation each side of disk ; tarsal claws deeply 
cleft, the inner portion broad and lobe-like. ixosxata. 
hh. Body above sparsely clothed with ash-gray pubescence; thorax at 
sides and middle, elytra at suture and sides more densely clothed 
with yellowish-white pubescence; thorax without bare elevations. 

MAEGIXELLA. 

aa. Legs, or at least the femora, red; thorax with four or five slightly ele- 
vated, bare, round spaces. -010. pebgrata. 

M. inornata Say (Fig. -174), length 8^15 mm., is recorded from 
Cincinnati, Wisconsin and vrestward; .V. margincUa Lee., length 
7-8 mm., is known from Illinois, Texas and Kansas. 



THE LONG -HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES, 



1001 



2010 (6492). Mecas pergeata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1824, 
408 ; ibid. II, 190. 

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, above sparsely clothed with dark 
ash-gray hairs ; suture and margins of elytra more densely and conspicuous- 
ly clothed with whitish pubescence; under surface thickly clothed with pale 
gray hairs; femora reddish; antennae annulate. Thorax with two round 
black spots placed obliquely on each side of median line and another be- 
hind them on the line; surface, as well as that of elytra, rather coarsely 
and sparsely punctured. Length 8-10 mm. 

Knox, Dubois, Spencer and Posey counties; scarce. May 24- 
July 10. Swept from low herbage along roadsides. Resembles 
Saperda concolor, but readily distinguished by generic characters, 
paler suture and reddish femora. 

LXX. Oberea Muls. 1839. (A proper name.) 

Very slender elongate species, having the tarsal claws broadly 
toothed ; eyes not divided ; middle tibiae sinuate on outer edge ; tho- 
rax without tubercles. The females have the last ventral segment 
impressed lengthwise and feebly emarginate and the last dorsal 
(pygidium) sometimes projecting in an obtuse conical protuber- 
ance. Five species and one variety have been taken in the State, 
and one or two others probably occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF OBEREA. 

a. Thorax marked with small, rounded, black elevations or callosities. 

b. Thorax with four callosities; pygidium of female strongly protuber- 

ant 2011. SCHAUMII. 

Kb. Thorax with two callosities and often a third spot black; pygidium 
of female feebly protuberant. 
a Elytra truncate at tips. 

d. Color entirely black except the thorax. 2012. bimaculata. 

del. Legs, elytra and abdomen usually in part yellow. 

2013. TRIPUXCTATA. 

cc. Elytra rounded at tips ; abdomen red. elytra black. 

2014. OCELLATA. 

an. Thorax without callosities. 

c. Elytra not pubescent: pale dull yellow with a fuscous stripe on sides. 

GRACILIS. 

ce. Elytra closely clothed with prostrate pubescence; pale red, antennse 
and elytra black. 2 015. ruficollis. 

2011 (6498). Oberea schaumii Lee. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. II 1852 
153. 

Elongate, robust for the genus. Color variable, usually pale, dull yel- 
low ; elytra, antenna? and tarsi often nearly black. Thorax with four round, 
black, smooth spots arranged in a curved line ; in the darker specimens the 



1092 



FAMILY L1I. CERAMBYCID/E. 



basal half often black; disk sparsely and rather finely punctate. Elytra 
more coarsely and closely punctate, the tips rounded or feebly subtruncate. 
Length 11-16 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 24-June 23. Breeds in the 
living twigs of cottonwood, Populus monilifera Ait. A number of 
the specimens in the collection were taken from sidewalks in Terre 
Haute and Indianapolis. 

2012 (6496). Oberea bimaculata Oliv., Ent, IV, 1795, 21. 




Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, shining; thorax 
yellow, with two round black spots on disk and often with 
a small black one in front of scutellum ; the lower portion 
of sides also black. Thorax and elytra punctured as in 
ocellata. Length 8-12 mm. (Eig. 475.) 



size. (After Forbes.) Throughout the State, frequent; more so m the 
northern counties. June 4-June 26. Often taken by sweeping low 
herbage along the borders of marshes. Breeds in the canes of rasp- 
berries and blackberry. In var. lasalis Lee. the thorax has two dis- 
cal spots and the entire basal margin black. 

2013 (6503). Oberea teipunctata Swed., Ac. Nya Handl., 1787, 197. 
Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Color exceedingly variable. In typical 

tripunctata the body beneath is usually in great part yellow, sometimes 
wholly black ; head fuscous, rarely yellow ; thorax yellow, with two spots 
on disk and another in front of scutellum black ; elytra each with a wide 
discal stripe dull yellow, the suture and margins blackish. Thorax sparsely 
and rather shallowly punctured. Elytra coarsely, densely and deeply punc- 
tured, the punctures in rows. Length S-16 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 24-June 24. Breeds in 
the twigs of cottonwood ; also in those of blackberry. 

A number of color varieties of this and bimaculata have been 
named, and the two species probably merge. Among the varieties 
are myops Hald., having the head yellow, the sutural black stripe of 
elytra and black spot before scutellum of thorax wanting, and fla- 
vipes Hald., black, with legs yellow and thorax almost wholly black. 

2014 (6501). Oberea ocellata Hald., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, X, 1847, 56. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Under surface and femora entirely red ; head 

and thorax usually red, rarely more or less black, the latter with two small, 
black, rounded spots on disk ; elytra, and usually the tibise and tarsi, black. 
Head and thorax rather sparsely, deeply and coarsely punctate, the latter 
somewhat constricted at base. Elytra with rows of coarse punctures which 
are less dense than in allied species. Length 13-14 mm. 

Lake and Lawrence counties ; rare. June 9-July 4. Probably 
breeds in blackberry stems, as the two specimens at hand were taken 
by sweeping about a cluster of these bushes. 



THE LONG-HORNED WOOD-BORING BEETLES. 



1093 



0. gracilis Fab., antennas fuscous, legs pale, tips of tibiae and 
tarsi darker, length 10-13 mm., is known from New York, New Jer- 
sey and southward. 

2015 (6505). Oberea ruficollis Fab., Ent. Syst, II, 1775, 311. 
Elongate, sub-cylindrical, rather robust. Pale reddish-yellow ; antennae, 

elytra, tibiae and tarsi nearly black. Thorax short, about as broad as long, 
without discal black spots. Elytra rather densely clothed with gray pubes- 
cence and with irregular rows of moderately fine oblong punctures ; tips 
subtruncate. Length 15-18 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 19. One specimen taken on the wing. 

LXXI. Tetrops Steph. 1839. (Gr., "four + eyes.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized in the key, is represented in 
the State by a single species. 

2016 (G507). Tetrops monostigma Hald., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, X, 

1857, 57. 

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, shining; elytra with black, re- 
cumbent and erect hairs; head and thorax red. the latter with black spot 
on disk ; femora reddish-yellow ; antennal joints paler at base, pilose with 
long hairs. Thorax feebly constricted before and behind, sparsely and 
rather coarsely, punctured. Elytra with rows of rather closely placed, 
coarse and deep punctures; tips rounded. Length 7-9 mm. 

Dubois and Spencer counties ; scarce. May 22-May 24. Taken 
by sweeping low herbage along roadsides. The middle trochanters 
of male are very strongly developed. T. jucunda Lec. is doubtless 
a synonym, the legs in the specimens at hand varying from wholly 
black to almost wholly reddish-yellow. 

LXXII. Tetraopes Serville. 1835. (Gr., ' < four + eyes.") 

Medium-sized, stout-bodied species, having the antenna? shorter 
than body ; thorax armed with a blunt tubercle each side and, in our 
species, marked with four round black spots. They occur altogether 
on the different species of milkweed (Asclepias) , in the stems and 
roots of which they breed. Four of the eight known species have 
been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TETRAOPES. 

a. Elytra with a common median and apical heart-shaped black space; 
disk of thorax red, regularly convex. 2017. caxteriatoe. 

aa. Elytra with rounded or elongate black spots ; disk of thorax distinctly 
elevated. 

6. Antenna} black, not annulate: abdomen very sparsely punctulate; 
larger median spot of elytra oblong. 2018. tetraophthalmus. 



1094 



FAMILY LEE. — CERAMBYCIDJE. 



lib. Antennas more or less distinctly annulate: abdomen densely but very 
finely punctulate. 

c. Median elevation of thorax oblong, suddenly elevated, its sides ver- 
tical ; usually four rounded spots on each elytron. 

2019. PEMOEATUS. 

cc. Median elevation of thorax rounded, gradually convex: elytra each 
with two spots and tip black. 2020. qlixquemaculatus. 

2017 (6510). Teteaopes caxteriatoe Drap.. Ann. Gen. des Sc.. II. 1819, 47. 
Elongate-oblong. Black, clothed with sparse, suberect black hairs: 

head and thorax red. the latter with four round spots on disk ; elytra red. 
black from in front of middle to apex, the black space nearly divided near 
its middle, the front portion sometimes small : scutellum and a small spot 
on each humerus also black. Thorax almost smooth. Elytra rather coarsely 
and closely punctate. Length 8-12 mm. 

Posey County : rare. July 9. Ranges from New England to 
Iowa and southward. 

2018 (6511). Teteaopes tetraophthalmus Forst.. Cent. Ins.. 1771. 41. 
Elongate, robust. Black: head, thorax and elytra red; thorax with 

four spots on disk and sometimes a blotch on front angles and basal mar- 
gin black ; elytra each with a spot on humerus and three on disk black ; the 
first rounded and near suture, second oblong, near middle, third rounded on 
apical third; scutellum black. Thorax with median elevation rounded, its 
sides merging gradually with area of disk : surface sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Length 9-11 mm. 

Throughout the State : common. June 8-August 3. 

2019 (6513). Teteaopes femokatus Lee, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, I. 

1847, 93. 

Resembles the preceding closely in form, size and color. Antenna? 
usually distinctly but narrowly annulate with gray at apex and base of 
each joint: elytra each usually with four smaller spots as follows: one on 
humerus : two on basal third, one near suture, the other submarginal : the 
fourth behind the middle. Thorax with median elevation and tubercles on 
sides more prominent than in the other species. Length 12-16 mm. 

Lake. Fountain. Knox and Vigo counties ; frequent. July 2-Au- 
gust IT. Those specimens having the scape of antenna? and femora 
red are known as var. basalts Lee. 

2020 (6514). Tetraopes qxuxquem acuta tts Hald.. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc. 

X. 1847, 53. 

Elongate-oblong, robust. Thorax with usual spots; elytra each with a 
round spot on, humerus, another on apical third, and the tips, black. An- 
tenna! joints indistinctly annulate at base. Median elevation of thorax as 
in tetraophthalmus. Length 9-11 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. June 18-JuLy 20. 



THE LONCMTORNED WOOD-BOEING BEETLES. 



1095 



LXXIII. AMPHioNYCHvLec. 1852. (Gr., 1 1 on both sides .+ claw. 

This genus comprises two small species having the antennae 
strongly pilose, the third and fourth joints elongated, outer joints 
suddenly shorter; eyes not divided; tarsal claws cleft. One of the 
two occurs in Indiana. 

2021 (6516). Amphiontcha flammata Newm., Entom., 1840, 13. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining; hispid with fine, erect, black 
hairs; vertex of head, a stripe each side of thorax, and often the margins 
of elytra nearly to apex, yellowish; outer joints of antennae feebly annulate. 
Thorax rather finely, elytra more closely and coarsely, punctate. Length 
6-9 mm. 

Kosciusko County; rare. July 11. Probably occurs throughout 
the State. In the specimen at hand the elytra are wholly black. 

Tribe X. METHIINI. 

While no member of this tribe has as yet been taken in the State, 
one, Dysphaga Uevis Lee, probably occurs, having been described 
from Illinois. It is a small black or piceous species, with thorax 
cylindrical and elongate ; elytra a little more than half the length of 
abdomen, narrowed and dehiscent behind the middle, their tips 
rounded, surface roughly punctate ; legs yellow. Length 7 mm. It 
is supposed, like allied species, to breed in hickory twigs. 

Family LILT. CHRYSOMELID.F. 
The Leap Beetles. 

A very large family of medium- or small-sized beetles, usually 
short-bodied and more or less oval in outline, with the antennae of 
moderate length, usually filiform, the joints often comparatively 
stouter towards the tips. In color the beetles are often prettily 
variegated, though some are wholly of a brilliant metallic blue or 
green, while others are dull black or brown. All have the legs short, 
with the tarsi of the same type as in the Cerambycidaf, viz., the 
fourth and fifth joints grown together, the fourth usually very 
small and concealed in a notch in the third segment. (Fig. 498.) 

In addition to the general characters above given, the species 
agree in having the labial palpi 3 -jointed; mentum transverse and 
not large; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, cylindrical, rarely dilated or 
elongate. Head either prominent and more or less constricted be- 
hind (Eupoda) or inserted to the eyes; in the Cassidini usually con- 
cealed under the shield-like thorax ; eyes entire or feebly emarginate 



1096 



FAMILY LIIT. C HR YSO MELID JE . 



on the inner side, finely granulated ; mandibles usually short and ro- 
bust, labrum transverse, usually rounded in front, Antennae varia- 
ble in position and form, serrate or lamellate in certain Clythrini, 
clavate in many Hispini, not inserted upon frontal prominences, 
usually 11- jointed. Thorax often margined at the sides, the side 
pieces not separate from the presternum, which is not prolonged. 
Elytra usually covering the abdomen, sometimes leaving the last 
dorsal segment exposed; rarely (in some Galerucini and Chrysome- 
lini) smaller and not covering the greatly enlarged abdomen of fe- 
male; abdomen with five ventral segments. Legs usually short, 
hind thighs often enlarged for jumping • tibia? never serrate, usually 
without spines; tarsi (except in Rcemonia) with joints one to three 
broad and covered beneath with a brush of hair, fifth with two equal 
claws of variable form. 

The name of the family is from that of the typical genus, Chrys- 
omela, which is derived from two Greek words meaning ''gold" and 
"fruit," and probably refers to some of the members of the genus 
Cassida, which are often of a brilliant golden hue. They are called 
leaf beetles because they feed upon the leaves of plants, the Colo- 
rado potato beetle and striped cucumber beetle being familiar ex- 
amples. All the species are diurnal in habit and move slowly over 
the surface of plants, to which they adhere by means of the dense 
brush of hairs upon the under side of the tarsi. "As the function 
of the Cerambycidae is to hold the vegetable world in check by de- 
stroying woody fiber, the Bruchidae effect a similar result by attack- 
ing the seeds and the Chrysomelidae by destroying the leaves. As 
the cellular and succulent-leaved plants have succeeded the drier 
and more woody forms of early geological time, so have the Chrys- 
omelidae probably attained their highest development in the more 
recent periods."* 

On account of their leaf-eating habits the family comprises some 
very injurious forms, which will be mentioned in their proper se- 
quence. The eggs are usually yellowish and elongated and are gen- 
erally laid upon the leaves or stems of the plants upon which the 
larvae feed. The latter are of varying form, but for the most part 
are fleshy convex or chunky hump-backed "slugs" or grubs, a 
familiar example being that of the Colorado potato beetle. Many 
of them live on the leaves of the plants, where they feed often in 
company with the mature insects. Those that live exposed to the 
light differ from the great majority of Coleopterous larvae in being 

*LeConte and Horn, Classification, p. 335. 



THE LEAP BEETLES. 



1097 



more or less highly colored. Some of them are flattened and curi- 
ously armed with spines, while others are partially covered with 
their own excrement. A few are leaf miners or stem borers, and 
these are long and slender and without the conspicuous markings of 
those which feed in the open. The larvae of one large group (Gamp- 
tosoma) are case-bearers ; others, including an entire tribe (Eumol- 
pini) are root-feeders. When ready to transform, many of the leaf- 
eating larvae fasten themselves by the tail or last abdominal segment 
to a leaf and enter the chrysalis stage, while others go into the 
ground when about to change to a pupa. The case-bearers pupate 
within the sealed-up larval case. 

About 18,000 species of Chrysomelida? are known, 750 of which 
are from North America. These are arranged in twelve tribes, all of 
which are represented in Indiana. The literature pertaining to the 
different tribes is widely scattered, and the more important papers 
will be noted under the respective tribal headings. Two which at- 
tempt to treat of the United States or Canadian species of the fam- 
ily as a whole are as follows : 

Crotch, G. E.— 1 'Materials for the Study of the Phytophaga of 

the United States/' in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 

19-83. 

Wickham, E. F. — "The Chrysomelidae of Ontario and Quebec," 
in Can. Ent, XXVIII, 1896 ; XXIX, 1897. 

The different forms of tarsal claws are much used in the classifi- 
cation of genera, and the beginner is urged to familiarize himself 
with these as described on page 18. 

KEY TO TEIBES OF CHRYSOMELIDiE. 

a. Head produced, constricted or neck-like behind the eyes ; thorax much 
narrower than elytra and without lateral margins (raised edges) ; 
mandibles simple* pointed (Eupocla). 
h. First ventral segment about as long as all the others united; form 
elongate ; prosternum very narrow ; tarsal claws simple, divergent. 

Tribe I. Donactixi, p. 1098. 
&&. First ventral about as long as or somewhat shorter than the two fol- 
lowing. 

c. Elytral punctures irregular; tarsal claws cleft or toothed; pro- 
sternum distinct. Tribe II. Sagktnl p. 1107. 
cc. Elytral punctures in rows; tarsal claws simple, divergent; pro- 
sternum very narrow. Tribe III. Criocerixi, p. 1110. 
da. Head inserted in the thorax to the eyes; thorax as broad, or but little 
narrower, than elytra, usually margined on the sides; mandibles with 
several teeth. 

cl. Thorax and elytra without broad, expanded margins; head usually 
plainly visible from above. 



1098 



FAMILY LIII. CHRY SOMELIDiE . 



e. Front of head normal, not inflexed, mouth anterior. 

/. Last dorsal segment of abdomen not exposed; middle ventral seg- 
ments not narrowed. 
g. Antenna? widely separated at base, usually more so than the 
length of first joint. 

h. Front coxae rounded ; third tarsal joint bilobed. 

Tribe VII. Eumolpini, p. 1134. 
hh. Front coxae transverse; third tarsal joint usually entire. 

Tribe VIII. Ohrysomklijst, p. 1149. 
<jg. Antennae rather close together at base, inserted on the front; 
front coxae conical and prominent. 

i. Hind thighs slender, adapted for walking. 

Tribe IX. Galeeuciwi, p. 1162. 
ii. Hind thighs thickened, adapted for leaping. 

Tribe X. Halticlnt, p. 1177. 
ff. Last dorsal segment of abdomen exposed and sloping downward ; 
form of body robust, compact, subcylindrical. 
j. Surface of body coarsely tuberculate above; antennae received 
in marginal grooves on the lower side of thorax. 

Tribe V. Chlamydial p. 1114. 
jj. Surface of body not tuberculate; antennae not received in 
grooves. 

1c. Prosternum not separating front coxae; antennae short and 
serrate. Tribe IV. Clythriai, p. 1112. 

kJc. Prosternum extending between front coxae; antennae usually 
long and slender. Tribe VI. Cryptocephallnti. p. 1116. 
ee. Front of head inflexed, mouth inferior ; form oblong, wedge-shaped, 
broad and truncate behind; surface usually strongly pitted or 
reticulated. Tribe XI. Hispini, p. 1223. 

del. Thorax and elytra with broad, expanded margins; head (in our spe- 
cies) concealed ; outline of body elliptical or nearly circular. 

Tribe XII. Oassidlnl p. 1228. 

Tribe I. DONACIINI. 

Oblong, graceful beetles of medium size which occur upon the 
leaves and stems of water-lilies, arrowhead, pond-weed, skunk cab- 
bage, pickerel weed, reeds, sedges and other water-loving plants, 
and hence are semi aquatic in habit. In form and general appear- 
ance they resemble certain Cerambycidas and constitute a connect- 
ing link between that family and the present. The larvae live on 
the outside of the submerged roots of the plants above mentioned, 
and obtain their supply of air through the tissues of the plant. 
When about to change into pupas, they enclose themselves in silken 
cocoons, a number of which are often found fastened in a row to the 
stems or roots of the aquatic plants. The mature beetles are more 
or less gregarious, and fly about on bright sunny days, alighting on 
the leaves or flowers in numbers, 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



L099 



They have the head prominent, somewhal nan-owed behind tin; 
eyes ; antennae filiform, slender, at Least half as Long as body ; 1 horax 
quadrate without side margins, not wider than head. Elytra wider 
than thorax, depressed, cylindrical or somewhat triangular, usually 
narrowed toward the tips/and each marked with ten rows of quad- 
rate, rarely rounded, punctures. In color .they are usually more 
or less metallic, of a greenish, bronze or purplish hue. The under 
side is paler and densely clothed with a fine silky pubescence, which 
enables them to shed the water when the plants upon which they 
alight happen to be submerged. 

The principal papers treating of the tribe are as follows : 
LeConte. — "Synopsis of the Species of Donatio, Inhabiting the 
United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Scl, V, 1851, 
310-316. 

Leng, Chas. — "Review^ of the Donatio of Boreal America," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 1891, 159-176. 
The tribe comprises but two genera, both of which are repre- 
sented in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF DONACIINI. 

a. Elytra simple at tip ; tarsi dilated, spongy beneath. I. Donacia. 

aa. Elytra distinctly spinose at tip; tarsi narrow, smooth beneath, last joint 
very long, claws large. II. H.emonia. 

I. Donacia Fab. 1775. ' (Gr., "a reed.") 

Belonging to this genus, as characterized above, Leng, in his 
latest synopsis, recognized 20 species and a number of varieties. 
Eighteen species have been taken in Indiana, while four others may 
occur. 

In those species having the "suturai margin sinuate behind the 
middle," there is an apparent second margin, starting not more 
than one-fourth the length from the tip — often less — which is sinu- 
ate, or curved more or less, away from the suture. Thus a space 
somewhat elliptical in shape is formed, sometimes depressed, some- 
times in the same plane with the rest of the elytron, and always 
destitute of punctuation. 

The males are narrower than the females and usually have the 
hind femora more strongly toothed and the last dorsal segment 
shorter and either truncate or emarginate, never rounded. Last 
dorsal of female more or less elongate, always rounded. For con- 
venience the Indiana species are separated into three groups and 
these in turn into species. 



1100 



FAMILY LTII. CHRYSOMELTDJL 



KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA DONA CIA. 

a. Head and thorax evidently pubescent above. Group A. 

a a. Head occasionally, thorax never pubescent. 

1). Elytra truncate or subtruncate at tip. Group B. 

bh. Elytra rounded at tip; sutural margin. of elytra sinuate behind the 
middle. Group C. 

Group A. 

But two Indiana species belong; to this group. They are widely 
different in size and general appearance and, except in the pubes- 
cence of head and thorax, have little in common. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Elytra without pubescence ; hind femora slender, without a tooth. 

2022. PUBICOLLIS. 

aa. Elytra evidently pubescent ; hind femora swollen, toothed. 

2023. PUBESCENS. 

2022 (6523). Donacia pubicollis Suffr., Stett. Zeit, 1S72, 21. 
Elongate, rather robust, convex. Brown, bronzed; antenna?, tibiae and 

tarsi dusky ; femora reddish-yellow. Head, thorax, scutellum and under 
surface clothed with short gray, but not dense, pubescence. Third joint of 
antennae nearly twice longer than second. Thorax longer than broad, me- 
dian line distinct on basal half ; sides with an obtuse tubercle in front of 
middle ; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytral punctures small, rounded, 
rather close set in more or less irregular rows ; intervals rugulose ; tips 
rounded. Mesosternum narrower than coxae. Length 10-12 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 20. A few specimens taken by Wol- 
cott along the beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine. Known hereto- 
fore only from northern Illinois, where it occurs on water-lilies. 

2023 (6538). Donacia pubescens Lee, Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc, II, 1867, 55. 
Elongate, slender, subconvex. Pale reddish-brown, everywhere rather 

densely clothed with short, silky, golden hairs. Antennae piceous, rather 
stout, third joint one-half longer than second. Thorax slightly longer than 
broad, feebly constricted near middle, broadly channeled on median third; 
feebly and obtusely tuberculate each side. Elytral punctures coarse, inter- 
vals nearly flat ; tips subtruncate. Mesosternum narrower than coxae. Length 
7-9 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko and Marion counties; rare. June 9-June 16. 
Known only from Canada, Illinois and Michigan. Occurs on pick- 
erel weed. 

Group B. 

This group comprises 14 species, among them the most common 
ones occurring in the State. All agree in having the elytra more 
or less truncate at apex. The form in a number of them is flattened 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1101 



above, but in subtiUs the male is convex and the female flattened. 
But two, distinct a and torosa, have the sutural margins sinuate. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Body broad, distinctly flattened above; middle coxa* separated by aboul 
tlieir own width. 
b. Third joint of antennae about one-half longer than second, 
c. Thorax finely and indistinctly punctate. 
d. Color brownish or fuscous yellow ; form more slender ; hind tibiae 
of male curved, serrate; elytral punctures liner. 

2024. CINCTICORNIS. 

dd. Color purplish-black ; form broader, more robust ; hind tibiae 
straight ; elytral punctures coarser, subquadrate. 

2025. PROXIMA. 

cc. Thorax coarsely punctate over its entire surface. magnifica. 
bb. Third joint of antennae more than twice the length of second. 

e. Elytra truncate at tips; first ventral segment of male simple, con- 
vex. 

/. Front tarsi of male dilated; color greenish-bronzed; larger, 9- 
11 mm. 2026. palmata. 

//. Front tarsi of male simple ; color brownish-yellow ; smaller, 6- 
8 mm. 2027. rufescens. 

ee. Elytra subtruncate at tips, form more convex ; first ventral of male 
concave at middle ; sides of thorax strongly tuberculate. 

2028. PISCATRIX. 

aa. Body narrower, more convex above ; middle coxae separated by less than 
their own width. 

g. Thorax with disk even, punctate, not or scarcely tuberculate on sides. 
h. Punctures of thorax very fine, confused and confluent; third joint 
of antennae one-third longer than second. 2029. curticollis. 
////. Punctures of thorax larger and distinct. 

i. Antennae and legs pale reddish-brown, the former very stout, the 

second and third joints subequal ; thorax with coarse, trans- 
verse wrinkles in addition to punctures. 2030. megacornis. 

ii. Antennae and legs dark reddish-brow T n to piceous, the former 

much more slender, third joint distinctly longer than second. 
,/. Punctures of thorax coarse, uniform in size, 
fc. Third joint of antennae one-half longer than second; thorax 
straight on sides. 2031. subtilis. 

Ick. Third joint of antennae twice the length of second ; thorax 
constricted at middle. 2032. rugosa. 

jj. Punctures of thorax not uniform, finer mixed with the coarser ; 
third joint of antennae one-half longer than second. 

POROSICOIXIS. 

!/g. Thorax with disk uneven, the sides tuberculate ; elytra with two 
transverse depressions. 
I. Sutural margin of elytra straight. 2033. .f:qltalis. 

//. Sutural margin of elytra sinuate. 



1102 



FA MTTjY LTIT. — CHRYSOMELIDZE. 



m. Coppery-bronzed; third joint of antennae longer than second; 
head not torose. 2034. distincta. 

mm. Blackish-violet; second and third joints of antennae subequal ; 
head torose, i. e., with knots or elevations. torosa. 

2024 (10,334). Donacia cincticornis Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 391. 
Elongate, rather slender, subdepressed. Above brownish-yellow strongly 

shining, often with a greenish tinge; head and thorax darker; beneath 
clothed with dense gray pubescence; antennae and legs reddish-brown to 
piceous, the tips of joints of former often darker. Thorax wider than long, 
slightly narrowed near base ; disk nearly smooth, median line distinct ; sides 
finely and somewhat rugosely punctured, with an irregular depression in 
front of middle. Disk of elytra with two feeble transverse impressions; 
punctures large, subquadrate ; intervals flat, nearly smooth. Hind femora 
swollen and armed with one to three teeth. Length 7-11 mm. 

Northern half of State; common. Not taken south of Vigo 
County. May 17-August 22. Occurs on the yellow water-lily. 
Nuphar advena Ait., and the leaves of Potamogeton. 

2025 (6534). Donacia proxima Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 225. 
Elongate, robust, depressed. Blackish-violet, head bronzed; antenna? 

and legs black. Thorax quadrate ; disk with a median impressed line, punc- 
tate at base and apex, nearly smooth at middle. Elytral intervals not ru- 
gose. Hind femora less developed than in cincticomis. Length 8-11 mm. 

Wells County; rare. August 1. Ranges from New England 
to Oregon and probably occurs only in the northern part of Indiana. 

D. magnified Lee, violaceous, margined with golden yellow, 
length 8-9 mm., is known from Canada and Michigan. 

2026 (6526). Donacia palmata Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 75. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Purplish-green to brownish-yellow 
above, strongly shining ; densely whitish pubescent beneath ; joints of an- 
tenna? and femora reddish-brown at base, blackish at apex. Thorax broader 
than long, very finely punctulate, sides with a rounded tubercle in front of 
middle. Elytra coarsely punctate; intervals subconvex, distinctly rugose. 
Length 9-11 mm. 

Starke, Marshall, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; scarce. June 
20- August 20. Occurs on both white and yellow pond-lilies. 

2027 (6527a). Donacia rufescens Lac, Mem. Soc. Liege, III, 1845, 112. 
Elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Brownish-yellow, feebly shining. An- 
tennae with third joint twice as long as second, the other joints scarcely 
thickened at apex. Thorax quadrate, very finely wrinkled, not punctured, 
scarcely tuberculate on the sides. Elytra depressed without transverse im- 
pressions, punctures small, feebly impressed; intervals flat, not rugulose; 
tips squarely truncate. Length 6-8 mm. 

Kosciusko and Starke counties; rare. August 20-August 26. 
Listed as a variety of D. hypoleuca Lac. 



TTTE LEAF BEETLES. 



1103 



2028 (6529). Donacia piscatrix Lac, Mem. Soc. Liege, III, 1845, 113. 

Elongate, rather slender, subconvex. Color 
above variable, bronze, green or brownish-yel- 
low, strongly shining; grayish pubescent be- 
neath ; antennae and legs reddish-yellow, femora 
m part darker. Antennae stouter than in the 
two preceding, the second joint about half the 
length of third. Thorax quadrate, sides each 
with two rounded tubercles, the front one more 
prominent ; disk finely alutaceous, sparsely, fine- 
ly and shallowly punctate. Elytral punctures 
rather coarse ; intervals nearly flat, finely, trans- 
versely rugose. Length 6.5-10 mm. (Fig. 476.) 

Throughout the State; common. May 
15 -August 20. Occurs mainly on the 
flowers and foliage of the yellow water-lily, 
rarely on those of the white. The stouter 
antenna?, more distinct tubercles of thorax and less squarely trun- 
cate tips of elytra readily distinguish this from palmata, with which 
it is most apt to be confused. 

2029 ( ). Donacia cubticollis Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 

1906, 122. 

Rather slender; convex, male; broader, subdepressed, female. Red- 
dish- or brownish-yellow ; head and basal joint of antennae greenish ; under 
surface, tibiae and tarsi with a greenish tinge. Head with a deep median 
groove. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides straight, without tuber- 
cles ; disk very finely wrinkled, confusedly punctate and with a deep me- 
dian groove reaching to basal fourth. Elytra with a shallow oblique de- 
pression just in front of, and another behind, middle ; strife deeply, closely 
and coarsely punctate ; intervals finely wrinkled. Length 9-10 mm. 

Laporte, Marshall and Whitley counties ; scarce. July 15-Au- 
gust 15. Knab's types were from Illinois and Indiana. Occurs on 
bullrushes. 

2030 ( -). Donacia megacobnis sp. nov. 

Elongate, slender. Cupreous, bronzed ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. 
Antennae much stouter than in suUUis, half the length of body, the second 
and third joints nearly equal. Thorax longer than wide, feebly tubercu- 
late on the sides; disk with sides rugose, with fine punctures between the 
wrinkles; median line distinct on basal half. Elytra each with tw^o dis- 
tinct impressions, the hind one with an elongate extension reaching nearly 
to apex; punctures rather coarse, oblong; intervals flat, densely rugose. 
Length 7.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 28. 

2031 (6536). Donacia subtilis Kunz. Mon. Neu. Schrift. Ges. Halle. II. 

1818, 14. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Color brassy bronzed to purplish-black ; 
rarely bluish, shining; antennae and legs reddish-brown to piceous. Tho- 
[70—23402] 




1104 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIDiE. 



rax slightly longer than wide, sides almost straight, disk transversely ru- 
gose, with punctures between the wrinkles; median line shallow but dis- 
tinct. Elytra each with two shallow impressions near middle; punctures 
oblong, intervals nearly flat, transversely, densely rugose; tips more nar- 
rowed than in the preceding species, squarely truncate. Length 7-10 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; common. May 
12-August 20. Occurs on leaves and stems of sedges and arrow- 
alum along borders of ponds and lakes. Mating May 21 and June 
20. In a form from Lake County the females are much more ro- 
bust, more convex, and more shining, with shorter thorax than in 
typical subtilis, They are probably to be referred to var. fulgens 
Lec. 

2032 (6537). Donacia kugosa Lec. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVIII, 1878, 

415. 

Resembles suMilis closely in form and color. The antenna? are longer 
and more slender, with the third joint distinctly longer than second. Tho- 
rax slightly constricted at middle, surface more densely and finely punc- 
tured. Length S.5 mm. 

Two specimens taken at. Bass Lake and Lake Maxinkuckee, Au- 
gust 15 and 20 were submitted to Leng, who pronounced them this 
species. He writes that he now considers rugosa a distinct species 
instead of a variety of subtilis, and that it has been found to live on 
pickerel weed, whereas subtilis lives on reeds and sedges. 

D. porosicollis Lac, coppery-bronzed, length 10 mm., is recorded 
from Michigan and Pennsylvania. 

2033 (6539). Donacia jeqvaus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 

1823, 428 ; ibid. II, 202. 

Elongate-oblong, rather slender, subconvex. Bronzed, shining; tibia?, 
tarsi and base of femora reddish-brown. Second and third joints of an- 
tenna? equal. Thorax as long as broad, median line distinct, sides with a 
rounded tubercle before the middle; disk somewhat uneven, finely and 
densely punctate. Elytra with two shallow, subsutural. transverse impres- 
sions near the middle; intervals flat, feebly rugulose; tips obliquely trun- 
cate. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Lake, Wells and Jackson counties ; scarce. May 27-October 14. 
Occurs on reeds and sedges along the borders of marshes and 
streams. 

2034 (6535). Donacia distincta Lec, Agass. Lake Sup., 1850. 236. 
Elongate, slender. Cupreous, bronzed ; head, antenna? and legs clothed 

with very short, fine, whitish pubescence. Antenna? rather slender, the 
third joint nearly one-half longer than second. Thorax quadrate, narrowed 
near base, angles prominent, sides with blunt tubercles; disk sparsely, 
irregularly and rather finely punctate, the median line distinct for nearly 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1105 



its entire length. Elytra depressed, the punctures rather fine and deep; 
intervals flat, finely, transversely wrinkled; sutural margin sinuate for 
only about one-tenth its length near apex. Hind femora armed with an 
acute tooth. Length 7-9 mm. 

Starke County; rare. May 19. Taken from leaves of the yel- 
low water-lily. A northern form, known heretofore from "Wis- 
consin, Michigan and Massachusetts. 

D. torosa Lee, thorax nearly smooth, length 6-7 mm., is known 
from Massachusetts, Illinois and Iowa, 

Group C. 

Our six members of this group agree in having the elytra 
rounded at tip and their sutural margin distinctly sinuate near 
apex. The form is always convex and the middle coxa? are sepa- 
rated by less than their own width. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a. Eyes small ; size larger, 10-11 mm. ; strongly convex. 2035. harrisii. 
aa. Eyes of normal size ; smaller, not over 8.5 mm. ; less convex. 

&. Thorax depressed, without basal or median line ; hind femora toothed 
in both sexes. pusilla. 
1)1). Thorax convex, punctured; basal line distinct, median one usually so. 
c. Thorax closely punctulate ; hind femora club-shaped. 
d. Legs dark. 

e. Hind femora toothed in both sexes ; color usually dark blue. 

2036. EMARGINATA. 

ce. Hind femora toothed in male only; color metallic green or 
blackish. 2037. metallica. 

del. Legs reddish-yellow ; hind femora toothed in both sexes. 

2038. FLAVIPES. 

cc. Thorax sparsely punctured; hind femora elliptical; legs reddish- 
yellow. 2039. RUFA. 

2035 (6524). Donacta haurisii Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1851, 
316. 

Elongate, robust, convex. Piceous bronzed; head and thorax often 
with a cupreous tinge. Antenme slender, piceous, joints often paler at 
base; third more than one-half longer than second. Thorax distinctly 
longer than wide, scarcely narrowed behind, tubercles on sides very feeble : 
disk densely and finely strigosely punctate. Elytra with tips rounded or 
very slightly subtruncate ; punctures comparatively fine and deep ; intervals 
subconvex, densely rugose. Length 10-11 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. June 3-June 23. Swept 
from sedges in low moist meadows. The large size, small eyes and 
sinuate sutural margin of elytra distinguish this species. Leng 
places it in the group with truncate tips of elytra, since he "in- 
cludes thus all forms that are in the least truncate or even doubt- 



1106 



FAMILY LI1I. — CHRYSOMELlDiE. 



fully so," but the beginner will evidently class the tips as rounded, 
and I have therefore placed it in the present group. 

D. pusilla Say, greenish or coppery -hronzed, second and third 
antennal joints equal, length 6-8 mm., ranges across the northern 
United States, has been recorded from Michigan and perhaps oc- 
curs in northern Indiana, 

2036 (6541). Donacia emakginata Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 224. 
Elongate, slender, convex. Dark metallic blue, rarely purple or bronzed ; 

antenna? black, the joints often reddish at base, second and third joints 
nearly equal. Thorax longer than wide, median line distinct, sides with a 
rounded tubercle on apical half ; surface minutely rugose, finely and densely 
punctate. Elytra with an impression in front of middle, rounded at tip ; 
sutural margin strongly sinuate on apical fourth; intervals feebly convex, 
transversely rugose. Last dorsal segment of male emarginate. Length 6- 
7 mm. 

Lake County; frequent locally. May 15-June 15. Taken by 
beating tall sedges along sloughs near Pine. 

2037 (6545). Donacia metallica Ahrens, Neu. Schrift. Ges. Halle. I. 

1810, 33. 

Elongate, rather slender, convex. Color variable, usually greenish or 
bronzed, sometimes blackish, strongly shining. Second and third antennal 
joints subequal. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed near base, tubercles 
on sides evident but feeble, median line fine ; disk minutely rugulose. finely 
and rather densely punctate. Elytra convex, tips rounded, punctures rather 
coarse ; intervals almost flat, nearly smooth. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Lake County, scarce; Marion County, frequent at Crow's Nest, 
near Broad Ripple, on the base of the leaves of skunk cabbage, 
Symplocarpus fartidus Salisb., April 26-May 15. 

2038 (6546). Donacia flavipes Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 223. 
Elongate, rather slender, convex. Bronzed coppery, rarely dark blue, 

shining; antenna- and legs reddish-yellow. Antenna? rather robust third 
joint one-third longer than second. Thorax one-half longer than wide, me- 
dian channel wide, rather deep; tubercles on sides large, rounded, some- 
what prominent; surface finely transversely rugose, densely and minutely 
punctate. Elytra usually with two shallow transverse impressions near 
middle ; punctures coarse, quadrate : intervals strongly transversely rugose ; 
distinctly sinuate near the tips, which are rounded. Mesosternum nar- 
rower than coxa? ; first ventral segment shorter than metasternum. Length 
7-8.5 mm. 

Northern half of State, common; not taken south of Vigo and 
Wayne counties. May 5-Jnne 15. Occurs on reeds, rushes and the 
arrow-alum, Peltmulra uvdulaia Eaf. Mating May 21. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1107 



2039 (10,336). Donacia rufa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1827, 
283; ibid. II, 339. 

Elongate, convex, subeylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, shining; an- 
tennae and legs reddish-yellow. Third joint of antennas one-half longer 
than second. Thorax one-third longer than wide, broadest near apex; 
tubercles on sides not prominent, median line very distinct; surface con- 
vex, shining, marked with minute scattered punctures. Elytra with two 
shallow impressions near middle; intervals nearly flat, almost smooth. 
Length 7-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; rather scarce. April 21-October 18. 
Occurs on leaves and about roots of skunk cabbage. The more con- 
vex, shining and sparsely punctured thorax, wider in front,- and the 
smoother intervals of elytra readily distinguish this from flavipes. 

II. ILemonia Lat. 1829. (A geographical name. 

This genus is represented by a single species resembling Donacia 
in form, but distinguished by the narrow tarsi and the distinct spine 
at outer angle of tips of elytra. 

2040 (6549). H^monia nigricoenis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1S37, 
222. 

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Thorax, elytra and legs brownish-yel- 
low ; head, antenna?, tarsi and under surface black. Thorax subquadrate, 
constricted at middle, front angles rounded, prominent; surface smooth] 
with a few coarse punctures at base. Elytra each with ten long rows of 
punctures and a shorter sutural row; alternate intervals wider and sub- 
convex. Length 5.5-8 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. May 20-May 28. Taken from pond- 
weed (Poiamogeton) in the Calumet River near Pine; also in the 
washup of Lake Michigan. Probably occurs in lakes and streams 
throughout the northern half of State. 

Tribe II. SAGRINI. 

Small or medium-sized, oblong or elongate, roughly punctured 
species having the head prominent, not narrowed behind; eyes very 
convex, entire; antennae filiform, rather widely separated at base; 
thorax not wider than head. Elytra entire, wider than thorax] 
strongly and irregularly punctured; front coxa- conical, transverse] 
usually prominent and contiguous; middle and hind coxaa narrowly 
separated; tarsal claws (in our species) toothed or cleft. 

The principal paper treating of the genera comprising both this 
tribe and tribe IV, Glythrini, is by 

Horn. — ''Studies in Chysomelidae, " in Trans. Amer Ent Soc 

XIX, 1892, 1-18. 
Three of the four known genera are represented in the State. 



1108 



FA MILT LITI. CHE YSOMEL1DJE . 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SAG EI N I. 

a. Thorax somewhat bell-shaped, the sides much rounded, without teeth 
or tubercle ; front coxa? not prominent, separated. III. Oesodacna. 
aa. Thorax with a tubercle or angulate at the sides ; front coxae prominent, 
contiguous. 

6. Eyes emarginate; thorax with a large, distinct tubercle on sides; 

front coxal cavities closed ; claws toothed. IV. Zeugophoea. 

66. Eyes entire; thorax angulate or toothed at sides; front coxal cavi- 
ties open ; claws cleft. V. Syneta. 

III. Oesodacna Lat. 1802. (G-r., ''bud + gnawer.") 

This genus, as characterized above, contains a single species of 
such variability in color, that it has been described under six or 
seven different names. It occurs on willow blossoms in the spring, 
several color varieties often being found on the same tree. All in- 
tergrades are known, from those entirely piceous to those almost 
wholly pale brownish-yellow. 

2041 (6550). Oesodacna atea Ahrens, Nov. Act. Halens, 
I, 1810, 46. 

Elongate, rather slender, subconvex. Color given in 
varietal key below. Antennae less than half the length 
of body, the joints subequal in length, bell-shaped, much 
narrowed at base. Thorax longer than wide, distinctly 
narrowed behind the middle; surface coarsely, roughly 
and rather sparsely punctured. Elytra one-half wider 
than thorax, coarsely punctate, tips rounded. Length 4- 
7 mm. (Fig. 477.) 

KEY TO COLOE VAEIETIES OF O. ATEA. 

a. Elytra wholly blackish or piceous. 
6. Thorax black or piceous. 

c. Legs wholly piceous. atea Ahr. 
cc. Tibiae and femora brownish-yellow. tibialis Kirby. 

bl). Thorax more or less reddish. 

d. Thorax reddish with central dark spot. luctuosa Lac. 
del. Thorax entirely reddish-yellow. hepatica Say, 

aa. Elytra more or less brownish-yellow. 
e. Elytra with stripes. 

/. Piceous, thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra each with one yellow stripe 
on disk. vittata Say. 

//. Dull yellow ; elytra each with sutural line and stripe on side dark. 

teivittata Lac. 

ee. Elytra dark, with large humeral and apical yellow spot (Fig. 477.) 

CHiLDEENi Kirby. 




Fig. 477. X 4i 
(After Wickham.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1109 



Southern half of State ; rather scarce. April 3-May 26. Four 
of the varieties have been taken, viz., air a in Jennings and Putnam 
counties; hepatica in Hancock, Jackson, Crawford and Posey coun- 
ties ; vittata in Jackson and Posey and trivittata in Posey. 

IV. Zeugophora Kunze. 1818. (Gr., "a yoke + bear. ") 

The members of this genus are smaller, being proportionally 
shorter and more robust, than those of Orsodacna. . The punctua- 
tion is very coarse and the thorax has a large blunt tubercle on 
sides. Three species have been taken in the State and another prob- 
ably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZEUGOPHOEA. 

a. Elytra entirely black. 

1). Head wholly yellow ; punctures of elytra large, more distant one 
from another than their own diameters, 2042. scutellaris. 

bJ). Occiput black ; elytral punctures close. 2043. consanguinea. 

aa. Elytra bicolored. 

c. Thorax entirely yellow; outer half of antennae piceous; elytral punc- 
tures very close. puberula. 
cc. Thorax with a piceous diseal spot, divided at middle by a yellow 
line; antennae pale; elytral punctures more distant. 

2044. VARIANS. 

2042 (6551). Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr., Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1840, 99. 
Elongate-oblong, convex. Head, thorax, legs, pro- and mesosterna clear 

yellow; elytra and abdomen black, shining, very sparsely pubescent. An- 
tennae less than half the length of body, rather stout, joints 1 to 3 yellow, 
the remainder piceous. Thorax longer than wide, strongly convex, tuber- 
cles prominent, surface sparsely and coarsely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Starke and Wells counties; rare. June 18. Beaten from leaves 
of hickory. 

2043 (655G). Zeugophora consanguinea Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., 1873, 23. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Resembles scutellaris in color, except that 
top of head is black and antennae wholly yellow. Thorax as broad as long, 
the tubercles less prominent. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake and Starke counties • scarce. May 9-July 4. Known here- 
tofore only from northern Illinois. 

Z. puberula Crotch, dark reddish-brown, abdomen, metasternum 
and apical half of antenna^ black, length 3.5 mm., was described 
from Illinois. 



1110 



FAMILY I JIT. — CHRYSOMELIDJE. 




2044 (6554). Zeugophoea vabians Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873, 23. 

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Top of head and disk 
of thorax black, the latter with a yellowish median 
stripe, which widens on basal half. Elytra piceous, 
with a large oval or heart-shaped yellowish spot on 
center of disk ; front of head, antennae and legs dull 
reddish-yellow. Thorax as in the preceding, the tuber- 
cles more blunt. Length 3 mm. (Fig. 478.) 

Fig 478^ x 8. Lake and Posey counties; scarce. May ll- 

CAfter Wickhan,') ^ OcCOiS qr foliage of poplar. 

V. Syneta Lac. 1845. (Gr., "sagacious.") 

One species of this genus occurs in the eastern United States, in- 
cluding Indiana. 

2045 (G557). Syxeta febeegixea Germ.. Nov. Act. Halens. I. 1810, 36. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and antennae reddish-yellow ; 

elytra, legs and under surface paler yellow. Antenna? slender, half the 
length of body; joints 4 to 10 very nearly eqnal in length. 11th longer than 
10th. Thorax slightly longer than wide; rather broadly angulate and ob- 
tusely three-toothed at sides; surface coarsely and densely punctate. Ely- 
tra each with four raised lines or costa? of various degrees of distinctness ; 
the broad intervals each with 3 to 5 irregular rows of coarse, close-set 
punctures. Hind tibiae of male slightly broader at tip and with terminal 
spurs, the inner edge sinuate below the middle. Length 7-8 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State ; scarce. May 12-June 2. Beaten 
from the foliage of scrub oak and hazel. 

Tribe III. CRIOCERINI. 

Oblong or elongate beetles of rather small size and graceful 
form, having the thorax much narrower than elytra, usually 
strongly constricted near middle ; elytra with punctures in regular 
rows ; antennae widely distant at base, inserted in front of eyes, 11- 
jointed and rather stout ; front coxa? conical, prominent and nearly 
contiguous, the cavities closed behind ; first ventral segment as long 
as the two following ; tarsal claws simple and approximate at base. 
Two genera compose the tribe. 

KEY TO GENERA OF CEIOCERINT. 

a. Thorax with a constriction about the middle. VI. Lema. 

aa. Thorax cylindrical, not constricted. Crioceris. 

VI. Lema Fabr. 1798. (NL., meaning unknown.") 

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in 
the State by five species.* 



*A synoptical table of most of the species is given by Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad., 1S73, 24. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1111 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES 01 LEMA. 

a. Elytra with the ninth stria entire. 
1). Elytra wholly dark blue. 

c. Head red, with two tubercles on vertex; antennae, legs and abdo- 
men black. 2046. brunnicoeets. 
cc. Head black, without tubercles; thorax red. 2047. collaris. 
bb. Elytra reddish-yellow, with three black stripes. 2048. trilineata. 
aa. Elytra with the ninth stria interrupted. 

d, Elytra reddish-yellow, spotted with black. 

e. Larger, 6 mm. ; spots on the disk of elytra. 6-punctata. 
cc. Smaller, 4.5-5 mm. ; spots common, crossing the suture. 

2049. ALBINI. 

aa. Elytra blue ; thorax red, with a central black spot. 2050. sayi. 

2046 (6565). Lema brunnicollis Lac, Mom, I, 1801, 3S2. 
Elongate-oblong. Head, thorax and under surface, except abdomen. 

red; color of other parts given in key. Thorax very finely punctulate, with 
a few coarse punctures on sides near apex and on median line. Length 
4-4.5 mm. 

Lake, Steuben and Marshall counties; rare. June 12-June 27. 
Taken by sweeping herbage in tamarack swamp. Crotch records it 
from the Southern States, so that it probably occurs throughout In- 
diana. 

2047 ( 6567). Lema coeearis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 1823. 

430; ibid. II, 203. 

Elongate-oblong. Black ; thorax red ; elytra dark greenish-blue. An- 
tennae shorter than in the preceding,; vertex with a median groove. Tho- 
rax short, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 11 -July 1. Occurs es- 
pecially cn the spiderwort. Tradescantia virginiana L; also on other 
low herbs in moist, sandy localities. 

2048 (6573). Lema trilineata Oliv.. Ent., VI. 1808. 739. 
Elongate-oblong, robust for the genus. Reddish-yellow ; 

elytra somewhat paler, with sutural margin and rather wide 
stripe on sides black; antenna? (except basal joints), tips 
of tibiae and tarsi, blackish. Thorax usually with two black 
spots on disk, strongly constricted at middle, smooth except 
a few coarse punctures on sides near apex. Inner rows of 
elytra 1 punctures indistinct on apical half. Length 6-7 mm. 
(Eig. 479.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 19- July 25. Occurs on 
the foliage of various Solanaceous herbs, especially that of potato. 
Sometimes called the "old-fashioned potato beetle/' but that name 
in Indiana is usually applied to "blister beetles" of the genus Epi- 
cauta. Mating June 8. 

2049 (6575b). Lema albina Lac, Mom, I, 1845. 492. 
Elongate-oblong. Reddish-yellow; antennas, legs (except base of fe- 
mora) and sides of meta sternum, blackish; elytra with a small spot on 




1112 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIDzE. 



humerus and two large, heart-shaped common ones, black. Thorax nearly 
smooth. Elytra with humeri prominent; punctures very coarse on basal 
half, becoming finer toward apex. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Knox, Dubois, Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. May 8- 
June 26. Taken by sweeping herbage along roadsides. This spe- 
cies is listed as a variety of 6 -punctata Oliv. The range of both is 
southern and the typical species may be found in the southern third 
of the State. 

2050 (6576) . Lema sayi Crotch, Proe. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., 1873, 26. 

Elongate-oblong. Dull red; antenna?, legs, small spot on head and 
larger one on center of thorax, black. Thorax longer than in collaris, finely 
and rather closely punctate. Ninth stria of elytra narrowly interrupted 
near middle. Femora clavate, pubescent. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Dubois County; rare. May 12. A southern 
form found on the spiderwort or day-flow^er 

Tradescantia virginiana L. 

Crioceris Geoff. 1764. (Gr., "a ram + horn.") 
To this genus belong two introduced species 
which prey upon asparagus. C. asparagi L. 
(Fig. 480), the common asparagus beetle, is 
about 7 mm. in length; bluish green, thorax red 
with two green spots ; elytra Avith three or four 
yellow spots on sides which merge into a yellow 
margin. It lias been taken near Cincinnati and 
Cleveland, Ohio, and very probably occurs in In- 
diana. 

Tribe IV. CLYTIIRINI. 

Compact, stout, subcylindrical species of medium size, having 
the head large, denexed; antennas short, widely separated, 11- 
jointed, serrate; thorax margined on sides, fitted closely to the 
elytra; front coxas transverse, more or less prominent, the cavities 
closed behind; elytra lobed on sides, not covering the pygidium; 
legs short, stout, tarsi broad; claws either simple or toothed. Four 
genera are represented in the State. The larvae are case-bearers 
and, as far as known, live in ants' nests, where they feed upon 
vegetable debris. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CLYTIIRINI. 

a. Tarsal claws simple. 

b. Front coxa j contiguous ; form elongate ; color mostly yellow. 

VII. Anomcea. 




Fig. 480. 
(After Chittenden.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1113 



66. Front coxae separated by the prosternum ; form short, robust; eyes 
oval, not emarginate ; color (in our species) uniform blackish. 

VIII. CosciNorrERA. 

aa. Tarsal claws appencliculate ; eyes emarginate ; color black with rod or 
yellow elytral spots. 
g. Epipleura broad in front; elytra (in our species) each with humeral 
and apical reddish spots. IX. Babia. 

cc. Epipleura narrow ; elytra each with humeral spot only. 

X. Saxinis. 

VII. Anomgea Lac. 1849. (Or., "unlike.") 

One species occurs east of the Mississippi. The male has the an- 
tennae more deeply serrate and front tibiae longer than in female. 

2051 (6579). Anomcea laticlavia Forst, Nov. Spec. Insect, 1771, 27. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Head, thorax and femora reddish-yellow; 
elytra paler yellow, the suture and outer margins narrowly bordered with 
black; antennae, tibiae and tarsi usually blackish; under surface, except 
prosternum, black, densely clothed with gray pubescence. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, sides rounded, hind margin sinuate, surface 
smooth. Elytra finely and indistinctly punctate. Length 7-8 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 19-June 26. Oc- 
curs on ragweed (Ambrosia) ; also on flowers of Jersey tea and other 
herbs. 



VIII. Coscinoptera Lac. 1849. (Gr., ''a sieve + wings.") 

Of the North American species of this genus all but two occur in 
the western and southwestern states. One of these is found in 
Indiana. 

2052 (6590). Coscinoptera dominicana Fab., Syst. Eleut., II,- 1801, 34. 

Oblong, robust. Black, densely 
clothed on under surface, more 
sparsely above, with short, prostrate 
ash-gray pubescence ; labrum usual- 
ly yellow. Thorax evenly and regu- 
larly convex, as broad at base as ely- 
tra, more than twice as wide as long, 
sides rounded ; surface densely and 
rather finely punctate, median line 
smooth. Elytra more coarsely and 
less densely punctate than thorax. 

Length 4.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 481.) Fig. 481. a. larva extracted fr cm case; fc, same with 

rp-i i i n ^ Q, , p s case; c, beetle, showing punctures; d, same natural si<?e 

I iirOUgilOUt tile otate ; ire- e ; egg enlarged; /.head of larva, under side; g, head of mak; 

quent. May 31-July 5. Occurs |^iJ^^iiy^«;i.i«oi 

1 " " larva; k, mandible of same. (After Riley.) 

on the foliage of the sour or 

black-gum, Nyssa sylvatica Marsh ; also on oak and wild grape. 




The larvae are said to occur in ants' nests. 



Mating June 11. 



1114 



FAMILY LIII.- — CIIRYSOMELID/E. 



IX. Babia Chev. 1834. (NL., "a baboon.") 

Two species and two nominal varieties of this g'enus occur in the 
United States. One of the two occurs in Indiana. 

2053 (6596). Babia quadkiguttata Oliv., Encyc. Method. Ins., VI, 1796,37. 
Oblong, convex. Black, shining; elytra each with a large humeral and 

smaller apical reddish-yellow spot. Thorax a little narrower than elytra, 
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra with irregular rows of larger 
punctures ; intervals with numerous scattered punctures. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. May 16-August 15. Occurs 
on milkweed and other plants along roadsides. The short, stout, 
subserrate antennae will readily distinguish it from other black and 
red species of following genera. The elytra are not striate nor 
coarsely punctate, as stated by Crotch and others. 

X. Saxinis Lac. 1849. 

Here, again, most of the seven species are from the western and 
southwestern states, only one being found east of the Mississippi. 

2054 (6598). Saxinis omogeea Lac, Mom, II, 1842, 482. 

Oblong or subcylindrical. Bluish or greenish-black, shining; finely pu- 
bescent beneath ; elytra each with a large reddish-yellow spot on humerus. 
Thorax convex, as wide as elytra, sparsely and rather finely punctured. 
Elytra with rows of coarse, close-set punctures, the rows on disk some- 
what irregular. Length 3-3.7 mm. 

Southern half of State, frequent ; not taken north of Vermillion 
County. May 17-July 21. Taken by beating or sweeping foliage 
along roadsides, etc. 

Tribe V. CHLAMYDINI. 

Short, robust, cylindrical or subquadrate beetles of a dull metal- 
lic or blackish hue, having the eyes large, emarginate; thorax and 
elytra covered with wart-like tubercles ; antennae widely separated, 
short, serrate and received in grooves on the side of prosternum; 
scutellum truncate behind and with a median tooth in front which 
fits into a notch in base of thorax ; elytra! suture with minute teeth 
each side which dove-tail between one another. The legs are closely 
contractile and when disturbed the beetles draw them and the an- 
tennae in and feign death. They then resemble the excrement of 
certain caterpillars so closely as to render their detection difficult, 
unless the collector is in especial search for them, and it is said that 
birds will not pick them up for the same reason. The larvae of this 
and part of the next tribe live upon the surface of leaves, and have 



TTTE LEAF BEETLES. 



1115 



the curious habit of enclosing themselves in compact cases, com- 
posed of their own excrement, which they mould into shape by 
means of their mandibles. They carry their cases about with them 
by protruding the front part of their bodies through the open ex- 
tremity. (Fig. 482, 6.) When about to transform they attach 
their cases to the twigs, and close the opening, thus making them 
answer the purpose of a cocoon. 

Two genera compose the tribe. The latest paper treating of 
them is by 

Linell, Martin L — 'New Species of Coleoptera of the Family 
Chrysomelidse with a Short Review of the Tribe Chlamy- 
dia," in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX, 1897, 473-485. 

KEY TO GENEKA OF CHLAMYDINI 

a. Antenna serrate from the fourth or fifth joint. 
aa. Antennas serrate from the sixth joint. 

XL Chlamys Knoch. 1801. (NL., "A cloak or mantle.") 
Two species probably occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHLAMYS. 

a. Elytral intervals not or obsoletely punctate ; length 4 mm. 

2055. PLICATA. 

aa. Elytral intervals closely and deeply punctate ; length not over 3 mm. 

CKIBRIPENNIS. 

2054 (6601). Chlamys plicata Fab., Ent. Syst. 
Supp., 1798, 111. 
Short, robust, oblong-quadrate. Brown, 
bronzed; elytra and legs sometimes blackish. 
Thorax with surface finely and densely strigose ; 
disk with a large central tubercle which is 
sparsely and coarsely punctured in front and bifid at 
summit. Elytra each with 12 to 15 tubercles, the four 
largest of which are arranged in an oblique row ex- 
tending from humerus to suture; intervals between 
the tubercles sparsely punctate, either fiat or covered 
with smaller tubercles. Length 4 mm. (Fig. 482.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in 
Fig. 482. a, larva: b, same the southern counties. May 16-September 22. 

with body protruding from s\ „ n . _ 

case; c, beetle. (After Mar- UCCUrS OU IOliage 01 VariOUS kinds, USUally that 

of roadside weeds. 
C. cribripennis Lee, length 3 mm., was described from Detroit, 
Michigan, and may occur in northern Indiana. 



XI. Chlamys. 
XII. Exema. 





1116 



FAMILY Lin. — CHRYS'OMELIDiE. 



XII. Exema Lac, 1849. 

Two very small species represent this genus in the eastern 
United States, both of which occur in Indiana. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EXEMA. 

a. Dark cupreous, bronzed; thorax strigose. 205G. dispae. 

aa. Black without metallic lustre; thorax punctate. 2057. gibbeb, 

2056 (6605a). Exema dispae Lac. Mon., II, 1848, 850. 

Oblong, subquadrate. Blackish, feebly bronzed; antenna? and labrum 
usually dull yellow. Thorax finely strigose, the crest of the median tuber- 
cle sulcate but not bifid. Elytra with tubercles as in C. plicata; intervals 
with coarse, deep, rather close-set punctures. Presternum concave. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 9-September 25. Taken 
by sweeping herbage along roadsides. 

2057 (6604). Exema gibbee Fabr., Suppl. Ent. Syst, 1798, 112. 
Oblong-quadrate. Black, without lustre, often more or less spotted 

with yellow ; labrum and legs yellow. Thorax densely punctate, the crest 
with a shallow median groove. Elytra with oblique oblong tubercles ; in- 
tervals coarsely and rather closely punctate. Prosternum flat. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Starke, Marshall, Putnam and Posey counties; rare. May 11- 
June 18. Taken by sweeping. 

Tribe VI. CRYPTOCEPHALINI. 

To this tribe belong numerous small, robust, more or less cylin- 
drical species having the antenna? slender, filiform, longer than head 
and thorax, rarely (Monacluis) shorter and subserrate; thorax mar- 
gined, as wide as elytra and closely applied to the latter ; eyes large, 
more or less emarginate ; elytra not tuberculate, marked with rows 
of punctures, rather short, leaving the tip of abdomen exposed; 
prosternum wide, separating the front coxa?, which are rounded, not 
prominent, their cavities enclosed behind; middle and hind coxa? 
each widely separated; tarsi dilated, claws usually simple, rarely 
broadly dilated at base. The tribe is founded upon the genus 
Crypt oeephalus, of Geoffroy, a term meaning "concealed head," 
and given to these insects because the head is so deeply immersed in 
the strongly convex thorax that it can be scarcely or not at all seen 
when viewed from above. In color they are usually variegated with 
various combinations of spots or stripes which are sometimes very 
inconstant, so that numerous varieties have been named. 

Seven genera compose the tribe, all of which are represented in 
the State. In addition to the papers cited under the family head- 
ing, the following treat especially of these genera : 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1117 



Haldeman, S. 8. — " Cryptoeephalinorum Borealis-Americse diag- 
noses cum speciebus novis Musei Lecontiani, " in Journ. 
Phil. Acad. Nat. Scl, I, 1849, 245-2G5. 

Suffrian, E. — "Monographic und Kritsches Verzeichniss der 
Nordamerikanischen Cryptocephali, " in Linnea Entomlo- 
gica VI, 1852, 198-318; VII, 1855, 1-238; XII, 1858, 343- 
409. 

LeConte. — "Contributions to the Coleoptera of the United 
States," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 195-209. 

KEY TO GENERA OF CEYPTOCEPHALINI. 

a. Tarsal claws simple ; larger, 3 or more mm. ; surface sculpture rougher. 
J). Thorax uot margined hut crenulate at base; front femora not evi- 
dently stouter than hind ones. 

c. Front edge of flank of thorax, beneath the antennae, toothed or 

sinuate. XIII. Bassareus. 

cc. Front edge of flanks of thorax straight. XIV. Cryptocephaeus. 
&&. Thorax margined at base, not crenulate; front femora distinctly 
stouter than hind ones. 

d. Presternum flat in front, depressed behind. XV. Griburii s. 
dd. Presternum, feebly channeled; rows of punctures of elytra usually 

much confused. XVI. Pachybrachys. 

aa. Tarsal claws appendiculate, i. e., with a square dilatation at base; 
smaller, less than 2.5 mm. (except in Monuclius) ; surface much 
smoother. 

e. Prosternum wider than long; form robust, rounded; antennae stout, 
rather short. XVII. Monachus. 

ee. Prosternum longer than wide; form more elongate, cylindrical or 
oval. 

/. Antennal joints 6 to 11 wider ; form cylindrical. 

XVIII. Diachus. 
//. Antennal joints 7 to 11 wider ; form oval, convex. 

XIX. Triachus. 

XIII. Bassareus Hald. 1849. (Gr., "a fox.") 

The members of this genus are separated from those of Cnjpto- 
cephalus, which they most closely resemble, by the character given 
in key. The males have the prosternum armed at middle with a 
large, erect compressed process ; first ventral with a large flat plate 
at middle, the hind angles of which rise into acute processes or 
spines ; fifth ventral broadly concave, with a crest of curved erect 
hairs each side of middle. Female with fovea of fifth ventral large, 
deep and circular. The following species and varieties have been 
taken or should occur in the State. 



1118 



FAMILY LIII. — CHRYSOMELID.L. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BASSAREUS. 

a. Elytra with either spots or stripes. 

1). Elytra each with two or more reddish, black, or yellow spots, 
c. Spots on each elytron four or more. 
d. Edge of thoracic flanks, beneath the antennae, acutely toothed. 

2058. CLATHRATUS. 

dd. Edge of thoracic flanks only feebly sinuate. 

e. Elytra black or piceous, the spots yellow. 2059. formosus. 
ee. Elytra yellow, the spots smaller, black. 

2059a. var. sulphuripennis. 

cc. Elytra each with two reddish spots. 
f. Thorax uniform dull red, elytra darker. detritus. 
//. Thorax black, sometimes, with yellow spots. 

g. Elytra without a basal row of small, oblong, pale spots. 

2060. SELLATUS. 

gg. Elytra with a basal row of small, oblong yellow spots, the 
outer two connected with the larger discal spot. 

2061. MAMMIFER. 

bh. Elytra with black and yellow stripes or with a single yellow spot 
near apex. 

h. Thorax in part or wholly black; upper surface dull. 

i. Elytra with discal yellow stripes. 2062. lituratus. 

ii. Elytra without discal stripes. 

j. Thorax and elytra with reddish-yellow margins. 

2062a. var. recurves. 
jj. Thorax black with two red basal spots; elytra with small 
apical pale spot. var. castus. 

jjj. Thorax wholly black; elytra as in var. castus. 

2062b. var. nicer. 

hh. Thorax wholly reddish-yellow, sometimes feebly infuscate at mid- 
dle of disk; surface polished; elytra with two yellow stripes 
which unite at apex. 2063. lativittis. 

(/(/. Elytra wholly yellow without spots or stripes. 

2061a. var. luteipennis. 

205S (6606). Bassareus clathratus Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
Ill, 1847. 173. 

Short, robust, subcylindrical. Head and tho- 
rax dull red, each with paler yellow spots, those on 
thorax near front and hind angles (often confluent) 
and two larger oblique basal ones ; elytra blackish 
or pieeous-brown. each with apex and three cross- 
rows of spots, yellow, the spots in basal row elon- 
gate, the others irregular or subquadrate; femora 
and base of antenna? red ; apical half of antenna?, 
tibia^ and tarsi blackish. Thorax finely and sparse- 
ly punctate. Elytra with rows of coarse, deep punc- 
tures, the fifth and sixth rows much confused near 
middle; alternate intervals wider and more convex. Length 3.8-5 mm. 
(Fig. 483.) 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



L119 



Lawrence, Martin and Knox counties; frequent. July 13-Au- 
gust 2. This species is usually considered a synonym of congestus 
Fab., but according to Knab the latter is a larger species with 
rough thorax, found in Georgia and Florida. 

2059 (6608). Bassakeus fobmosus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 
1847, 173. 

Resembles the preceding very closely, and probably only a variety of 
it. Distinguished by the absence of a tooth on the front edge of the side 
pieces of presternum. The color in typical specimens is black spotted with 
yellow, exactly as in clatliratus. In most specimens, however, the color is 
dull red spotted with yellow, as there. The punctuation, of elytra is finer, 
the rows on sides less confused. Length 3.7-5 mm. 

Lake, Fountain, Putnam and Knox counties ; scarce. June 15- 
August 2. Beaten from the foliage of wild grape and elder. 

2059a (6608a). Bassakeus fokmosus suephuripennis Melsh., Proc. Phil. 
Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 1847. 173. 
Form of clathratus. Head and thorax black, marked with yellow as in 
that species. Elytra pale yellow, each with a basal and median cross-row 
of three oblong black spots, and two similar spots near apex, the inner 
basal and median spot sometimes connected ; under surface black ; legs and 
base of antenna? dull red. Thorax and elytra punctate as in clathratus. 
Length 3.5^.5 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties ; scarce. June 17-July 8. 
B. detritus Oliv., is recorded from the "Atlantic States." 

2060 (6610a). Bassakeus sellatus Suffr., Linn. Ent, VI, 1852, 307. 
Robust, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; elytra each with a me- 
dian and apical reddish spot, the former extending from margin nearly to 
suture; head of female spotted with white; antenna? dull yellow at base. 
Thorax finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with impressed rows of coarse 
punctures, the 5th, 6th and 7th rows confused on the front pale spot. Length 
4.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake, Steuben, Blackford and Lawrence counties ; scarce. June 
24-July 29. Occurs on the flowers of Jersey tea. 

2061 (6610). Bassakeus mammifer Newm., Entoin. Mag.. IV. 1840, 250. 
Form of sellatus. Head black, with yellow spots; thorax black, with 

narrow front margin, wider side margins and two rounded spots near base, 
yellow; elytra black, each with a basal row of small oblong spots, a large 
spot near middle, reaching nearly to suture and connecting with outer two 
basal spots, and an apical spot, reddish-yellow : under surface black : legs 
piceous. Elytra punctate as in sellatus. but the punctures less coarse. Length 
3.5-4.5 mm. 

Steuben, Laporte, Vigo and Harrison counties ; scarce June 11- 
July 15. 

[71—23402] 



1120 



FA MILT LIU. CHRYSO.M ELIDJE. 



2061a (6610c). Bassaeees mammifer luteepennis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. ScL, III, 1847, 172. 
A variety of mammifer in which the elytra are wholly dull yellow, with 
the exception of a minute dot on humerus and a very narrow sutural line 
which are black. Length 3.5 mm. 

Known from the State by a single specimen in the Wolcott col- 
lection, taken near Hessviile, Lake County. July 4. 

2062 (6612). Bassaeees litueates Fab., Syst. Eleut. II. 1801, 50. 
Short, robust, subcylindrical. Head black : thorax reddish-yellow, with 

three black spots, the middle one larger ; elytra each with a yellow stripe 
along the broad third interval, which unites at apex with another similar 
submarginal stripe, and a short stripe at base on fifth interval. Thorax 
smooth, its flanks obtusely toothed under the antennas. Elytra with regu- 
lar rows of deep punctures, the fifth and sixth confused near middle. Length 
3.5— 1 mm. 

I eke County • rare. May 29. 

2062a (6612a). Bassaeees litobatus eeceeves Say, Jouru. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci.. III. 1823. 439 ; ibid. II, 210. 
A color variety of lituratus' having the head black; thorax with a large 
black spot on disk which reaches base but not apex ; elytra black with only 
a small reddish spot near apex or with the outer margins also narrowly 
reddish-yellow. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 12-August 2. Taken by 
sweeping roadside herbage and heating hickory. Forms occur hav- 
ing the body wholly black except the small reddish spot at apex of 
elytra. These may be known as var. niger (2062b). 

2063 (6612b). Bassaeees lativittis Germ.. Ins. Spec. Nov.. 3S24. 55S. 
Form of lituratus. Head and thorax wholly reddish-yellow : elytra 

with stripes as in lituratus; under surface, legs and antenna? black. Length 
3—1 mm. 

Throughout the State , frequent, May 28-June 26. Occurs on 
flowers of yellow puccoon, Jersey tea and foliage of hickory. Said 
by Knab to be a distinct species, but the differences, except in color 
of head and thorax, between it and lituratus are very slight. 

XIY. Cryptocephalus Geoff. 1761 (Gr.. "concealed + head.") 

A large genus of compact, subcylindrical forms having the tho- 
rax not margined at base, the front edge of its flanks or deflexed 
portion straight; head in repose wholly hidden within the thorax: 
male without the modifications of presternum and first ventral as 
mentioned under Bas'sareus; tarsal claws simple. The following 
species and varieties have been or should be found in the State. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1121 



a a, 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOCEPHALUS. 

a. Elytra black, each with a humeral and apical reddish spot. 

5. Surface finely pubescent above and beneath. 2064. .basalis. 

Surface above glabrous and shining-. 

c. Larger, 4-5 mm. ; humeral spot of elytra usually extending nearly 
^ or wholly across the base. 2065. quadrimaculatus. 

cc. Smaller, 2.5-3.5 mm. ; humeral spot oblong, a little wider behind. 

2066. QUADRUPLEX. 

Elytra not black, or if so without distinct humeral and apical spots. 
d. Presternum with an apical lobe or cusp, longer in male than in fe- 
male. 

e. Elytra with numerous spots. 

/. Thorax reddish ; elytra each with seven spots. 

2067. GUTTULATUS. 

if. Thorax yellow, with black or brown stripes; elytra with spots 
more or less united to form bands. 2068. leucomelas. 

ee. Elytra without distinct spots. 

Q. Elytra yellow, each with two broad, oblique black or brown 
stripes, one of these sometimes absent. 2069. venustus. 

gg. Elytra black with sides and apical margin yellow. 

2069a. var. cinctipennis. 
<Ul. Presternum broadly truncate in front in both sexes. 
It. Thorax smooth or finely punctured. 

i. Elytra with three narrow, sometimes ill-defined, stripes. 
./'. Thorax densely punctured, marked with three brown stripes 
or spots ; length 3.5-4.3 mm. 2070. trivittatus. 

././'. Thorax sparsely punctured, usually without spots; length 3- 

35 mm ' INSEBTUS. 

ii. Elytra with spots or cross-bands. 

7c. Larger, 4-7 mm. ; elytra pale yellow, with three interrupted 
brown bands. 2071. mutabilis. 

Ick. Smaller, 3-4.2 mm. ; elytra brown with yellow spots. 

2072. BADIUS. 

hh. Thorax very coarsely punctured. 

Z. Dull yellow; elytra with three broad, ill-defined reddish bands- 
larger, 3-4.5 mm. 2073. tinctus! 

II. Dull reddish-yellow ; elytra with dusky suture ; smaller, 2 mm. 

STRIATULUS. 

2064 (6613). Cbyptocephalus basalis Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VII, 1853, 54. 

Robust, cylindrical. Black, shining; elytra with a red spot on hu- 
merus which extends across the base and along the sides to middle and 
another on apex. Thorax finely and densely punctured. Elytra with ten 
regular rows of large punctures. Hiud margin of presternum nearly trun- 
cate. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Spencer County; rare. May 24. Beaten from oak shrubs. 
Known heretofore only from Kansas and Texas. Listed as C. mu- 
coreus Lee. Resembles quadrimaculatus, but larger and distin- 
guished by the pubescence of elytra and the dense punctures of 
thorax. 



1122 



PA MIL Y LIII. CH R V SO M ELXMB . 



2065 (6614). Cbyptocephalus quadeimaculatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 

Nat Set, III, 1824, 441 ; ibid. II, 210. 
Robust cylindrical. Black, shining; elytra with an oblong reddish hu- 
meral spot often extending across the base and along the sides to middle, 
and another rounded one (rarely wanting) at apex; base of antennae pale. 
Head coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax very finely and sparsely 
punctured. Elytra with ten regular rows of coarse punctures. Length 4- 
5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 11-July 21. Occurs on 
flowers of Jersey tea and foliage of various shrubs. Varies with 
the humeral spot extending along the sides to join the one at apex ; 
also with the humeral spot small, the apical one wanting, and rarely 
(fulvipennis Hald.) with the elytra wholly orange yellow. Our 
most common form, with red spot extending across the base, is var. 
notatus Fab., and should, according to priority, bear that specific 
name. 

2066 (6617). Cbyptocephalus quadeuplex Newm., Entom., 1840, 78. 

Smaller and more slender. Humeral spot oblong, a lit- 
tle wider behind (in var. quadriguttulus Suffr. reaching to 
middle of sides), apical spot rounded; antennae dusky, base 
yellowish. Elytral rows of punctures very coarse. Length 
2.5-3 mm- (Fig. 484.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-July 6. 
Taken by sweeping and beating various plants. The 
^Aftefiuiey f variety mentioned is much the more common in the 
State. 

2067 (6619). Cryptocephaltjs guttulatus Oliv., Ent, VI, 1808, 815. 
Short, robust cylindrical. Reddish ; elytra blackish or reddish-brown, 

each with seven rounded yellow spots, arranged 2, 2, 2, 1, the last one at 
apex ; sometimes a small additional spot on humerus ; apical portion of an- 
tenna-black. Thorax smooth. Elytra with rows of rather coarse, distant 
punctures, the 6th and 7th rows confused near the middle. Length 4- 
5.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. June 17-July 4. Beaten 
from white oak. The male is much the smaller and has the ground 
color of elytra black. 

2068 (6622). Cbyptocephalus leucomelas Suffr.. Linnea. Entom., VII. 

1853, 36. 

Short, robust, subcylindrical. Above yellow; thorax with four black 
or dark brown- stripes ; elytra with three dark cross-bands, the front one 
the broader, the other two brpken into spots ; under surface and legs black- 
ish or reddish-brown. Thorax finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra 
with rows of coarse punctures, the sixth and seventh much confused m 
front of middle. Length 4-5 mm. 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1123 




"Wells, Putnam. Knox and Posey counties; scarce. June 14- 
September 11. Occurs on poplar. 

2069 (6628). Cryptocephalus venustus Fabr., Ku\. Sysl.. II, 1792, 42. 

Robust, subcylindrical. Head and thorax reddish-brown, 
the latter with sides narrowly and two oblique basal spots 
yellow; color of elytra as given in key; under surface and 
legs reddish brown. Thorax finely and rather closely punc- 
tate. Elytra with regular rows of rather fine punctures. 
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 485.) 

Throughout the State; common. May 25-August 
2. Occurs on the flowers of "white-top" (Erigeron) 
in timothy meadows, also on those of ironweed wild Fi s 485 x 5 - 
sweet potato, etc. Varies greatly in color, the thorax (After Wickham ) 
being often entirely reddish (var. ornatus Fab.) or the elytra black 
with sides, narrow line at suture and basal spot vellow (var hama- 
tus Melsh.) 

2069a (6628c) . Cryptocephalus venustus cinctipennis Rand., Bost. Journ. 
Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 45. 
A color variety of venustus having the elytra black, with narrow mar- 
ginal line, apex, and rarely the suture, yellow. Length 4-5 mm. 

Northern half of State; frequent. June 16-August 12. Occurs 
especially on foliage of dwarf birch, Betula pumila L., along the 
borders of marshes. 

2070 (6637). Cryptocephalus trivittatus Oliv., Ent, VI, 1808, 824. 
Smaller, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown; thorax yellow, with three 

rather wide brown stripes; elytra brownish-yellow, each with an oblique 
stripe on side and very narrow margin brown ; also with a common sutural 
stripe and a short stripe or oblong spot at base of fourth interval, brown 
Sixth and seventh rows of elytral punctures interrupted and confused 
Presternum nearly fiat, strongly margined at sides, acutely bilobed behind 
Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. July 30. Occurs on hazel. 

C. insertus Hald, thorax reddish-brown with sides yellow ely- 
tra yellow, with two broad oblique black stripes ; length 4.2 mm., is 
a southern form recorded from Cincinnati. 

2071 (6640). Cryptocephalus mutabilis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad Nat 

Sci., Ill, 1847, 172. 

Robust, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining; thorax with apical 
and side margins narrowly yellow, with or without two oblique basal spots- 
e ytra pale yellow with a large, common brown spot extending backward 
along the suture; each also with six or seven small brown spots arranged 
three m a basal row, one or two near middle and two near apex Thorax 



1124 



FAMILY LIII. — CITRYSOMELID.E. 



finely, sparsely and shallowly punctured. Elytral punctures rather fine 
and distant, the sixth and seventh rows more or less confused. Prosternum 
emarginate and acutely toothed behind. Length 4-6 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 10- August 21. Occurs 
on foliage of birch and hazel, on flowers of spmea, Jersey tea, etc. 
The male has the spots of thorax and elytra black. 

2072 (6642). Cbyptocephalus badius Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VI, 1852, 315. 
Smaller, robust, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining; thorax some- 
times with apical and side margins and hind angles yellow; elytra darker 
brown marked with yellow as follows: a basal band of confluent spots 
reaching to sixth stria, a submarginal spot at middle, an interrupted sub- 
apical band and an apical spot. Thorax very finely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra with rows of rather coarse impressed punctures, the sixth to eighth 
interrupted and obliquely connected. Prosternum deeply emarginate and 
acutely lobed behind. Length 3-4.2 mm. 

Posey County ; scarce. July 6-July 9. Known from Pennsyl- 
vania and Kentucky. 

2073 (6644). Cbyptocephalus tinctus Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 

1880, 203. 

Small, subcylindrical. Dull brownish or reddish-yellow; elytra with 
three broad, reddish cross-bands, narrowly and vaguely separated by paler 
yellow. Thorax very coarsely and densely punctured. Striae of elytra 
deep, coarsely punctured, the seventh and eighth slightly irregular near 
middle. Length 3-4 mm. 

A single specimen in Wolcott collection taken near Hessville, 
Lake County. September 25. Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas 
and Florida. 

C. stria lulus Lee, elytral stria? regular, was described from 
northern Illinois. 

XV. Gkiburitjs Ilald. 1849. 

Rather robust species resembling the preceding in form and gen- 
eral appearance, but having the thorax distinctly margined behind, 
the prosternum flat in front and depressed behind, and the front 
thighs distinctly stouter than the hind ones. One species has been 
taken in the State and another probably occurs. 

2074 (6649). Gbibubius scuteixakis Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 54. 
Robust, subcylindrical. Black, shining; side margins and small spot 

on disk of thorax, scuteilum, median transverse and rounded apical spots 
of elytra yellow; base of antennae, spot on sides of first, fourth and fifth 
ventral segments and legs also yellow. Thorax coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tured, and with an oblique impression each side near base. Elytra with 
rows of fine, rather distant and feebly impressed punctures. Length 5.5 mm. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1125 



Vigo County; rare. June 11. 
tea. Dury has taken G. equestris 
the elytra yellow, with black spots 
tured. 



Taken from flowers of Jersey 
Oliv. near Cincinnati. It has 
and the thorax sparsely punc- 



XVI. Pacitybrachys Chev. 1834. (Gr., " thick .+ short.") 

To this genus belong a large number of small, compact, subcylin- 
drical species having the basal marginal line of thorax distinct; 
presternum feebly channeled; inner rows of elytral punctures usu- 
ally completely confused, the outer ones tortuous or irregular, sepa- 
rated by more or less interrupted ridges; front thighs distinctly 
stouter than hind ones. A number of the species vary greatly in 
color and merge from one form gradually into another, so that they 
are very difficult to classify. Of the 50 or more species known 
from the United States, the following have been taken in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PACHYBRACHYS. 

a. Upper surface uniform black, densely punctured. 

&. Upper surface pubescent; punctures of elytra everywhere much con- 
fused; size larger, 4-4.5 mm. 2075. morosus. 
bb. Upper surface glabrous. 

c. Punctures of elytra mostly in distinct rows; smaller, 2.5-3.5 mm. 

2070. CARBON ARIUS. 

cc. Punctures confused over the greater part of surface ; length 3.2- 

4 mm - 2086a. var. nigrinus. 

aa. Upper surface not uniform black. 

d. Colors of upper surface definitely arranged. 

e. Thorax and elytra black, each with narrow ivory-white marginal 

lines - 2077. ELEGANS. 

cc. Disk of thorax or elytra with spots or stripes. 

./. Elytra with stripes ; colors yellow and black or brown. 
g. Elytra with rows of punctures in great part well defined. 
h. Thorax yellow with an M-shaped brown spot (rarely black 
with narrow, pale margins) ; elytra with suture and two 
broad stripes on each, black. 2078. litigioscs. 

lib. Thorax black with margins and narrow median line from 
front edge to middle, yellow. 2079. othonus. 

gg. Elytral punctures confused, the two outer rows distinct ; ely- 
tra yellow with suture, broad oblique stripe, narrow outer 
margin and three spots on sides, black. 2080. bivittatus. 
ff. Thorax or elytra with spots, 

i. Colors black and red ; rows of elytral punctures very irregular 
at sides and behind middle; thorax black, usually with mar- 
gins and two basal spots red. 20S1. trinotatus. 
ii. Colors black and yellow. 



1126 FAMILY LIII. — CHRYSOMELIDiE. 

./'. Thorax black with margins and three discal spots yellow; 

larger, 3.5-4 nmi. 2082. m-nigbtjm. 

./'./'. Thorax yellow with either a Y-shaped or an entire oblong 
median spot and a smaller rounded one each side, black ; 
smaller, not oyer 3 mm. 2083. tridexs. 

dd. Colors of upper surface irregularly mottled. 

A - . Elytra with well defined though sinuous rows of punctures over 
most of the surface. 
/. Outer three or four elytra! intervals entire, whitish, in strong 
contrast with the rows of black punctures ; thoracic punctures 
each side of middle separated by more than their own diame- 
ters, their intervals not alutaceous. 20S4. abdomixaus. 
II. Outer intervals broken into oblong whitish spots ; thoracic punc- 
tures crowded, their intervals finely alutaceous. 

2085. ATOMAEIUS. 

JcJc. Elytral punctures mostly confused, complete stria? visible only on 
the sides. 

m. Sides of thorax strongly rounded and incurved near the base, the 
hind angles obtusely rounded ; prosternum deeply concave 
lengthwise; upper surface densely and very strongly punctured. 
h. Thorax usually with margins and median line red; elytra mot- 
tled with small, white dots, the punctures confused over most 
of the surface; legs black with yellow spots; size 3.2-4 mm. 

20S6. LURIDUS. 

////. Thorax black with narrow margins yellow, its punctures fine 
and dense ; legs and last ventral wholly yellow ; smaller, 
2.5 mm. 20S7. sticticus. 

mm. Sides of thorax obliquely, broadly rounded or straight, not in- 
curved behind: prosternum flat, scarcely concave, not narrower 
behind. 

o. Punctures of elytra uniform in size; two striae visible at sides: 
dull clay yellow clouded with brown. 2088. hepaticvs. 

oo. Punctures of elytra more or less irregular ; stria? visible at 
sides and behind. 
p. Colors red and black. 

q. Elytra black with a broad, irregular band from the side 
almost to suture, red. 20S9. subfasciatus. 

qq. Elytra with broader and paler red band extending from 
side to side. 2089a. var. dilatatus. 

pp. Colors yellow, brown or black, mottled. 

r. Upper surface black with scattered white or yellow mark- 
ings. 

s. Thoracic punctures each side of middle coarse, separated 
by more than their diameters, their intervals distinctly 
alutaceous; legs wholly pale. 2090. peccaxs. 

- ss. Thoracic punctures crowded, their intervals not or very 
finely alutaceous. 
/. Punctures of thorax coarser and more uneven: elytra 
without an isolated round white spot at middle near 
suture. 



THE LEAP BEETLES. 



1127 



ii it. 



Elytra with very few white dots; legs wholly black. 

2091. INFAUSTUS. 

Elytra with numerous oblong white spaces, arranged 
in two more or less evident crossbars; legs in part 
pale - 201)2. r-' em or at us. 

tt. Punctures of thorax very fine and even, their intervals 
minutely alutaceous; elytra with rounded white spot 
at middle near suture. 2093. coxfusus. 

rr. Upper surface in great part brownish-yellow with black 
markings ; punctures of thorax hue and dense. 

2094. SPUMARIUS. 

2075 (6655). Pachybbachys mobosus HalcL, Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 

I. 1849, 260. " 

Subcylindrical, robust. Black, subopaque; antennae and legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax with dense, coarse, sieve-like punctures. Elytral punctures 
everywhere confused ; humeral umbone prominent, nearly smooth ; surface 
pubescent in fresh specimens. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

St. -Joseph County : rare. June 1. 

2076 (0683). Pachybbachys cabbonabius Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad Nat 

Sci., I, 1849, 260. 

Smaller and less robust than morosus. Uniform black, opaque- an- 
tennae and tarsi sometimes piceous. Thorax finely, densely and deeply punc- 
tate; hmd angles obtuse, not rounded. Elytra with distinct rows of" coarse 
Punctures, except near scutellum, where they are somewhat confused. Length 
2.5-3.5 mm. 

Lake, Vigo, Lawrence. Martin and Orange counties, scarce- 
probably throughout the State. June 2-July 11. Taken in beat- 
ing oak and sweeping herbage. 

2077 ( ). Pachybrachys elegaxs sp. nov. 

Subcylindrical. robust. Black, shining; thorax with a narrow ivory 
white hue near the side margins, the edge black; elytra each with a similar 
line and also with the margin or upper portion of each epipleural lobe 
white from humerus to middle. Thorax with dense oval, rather coarse 
punctures which are substrigose on the sides. Elytra with regular row, 
of deep, rather coarse punctures, those near the suture confused. Under 
surface, except abdomen, coarsely and rather closely punctured. Length 
3.o mm. & 

Marshall County ; rare. June 24. Beaten from hazel. 

2078 ( 6659). Pachybrachys litigiosus Suffr.. Linn. Entom VII 1853 

217. " ' 

Subcylindrical. robust. Brown or black: legs, thorax and elytra yel- 
low; thorax with brown spots, the middle one divided in front and united 
w*h the ones on sides to form a dark M : elytra with sutural and two 
cal stripes on each dark, the inner one the shorter: these may be confluent 
and so widened that the light color is reduced to mere lines, in which c^e 



1128 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 



the thorax is usually wholly black except narrow pale margins. Thorax 
closely and finely punctured. Rows of elytral punctures distinct on mid- 
dle and sides, confused near suture. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 
Floyd County; rare. June 23. 

2079 (6662). Pachybbachys othoncs Say, Ainer. Ent., II, 1825, PI. 28; 

ibid. I, 66. 

Subcylindrical, robust. Black; head with labrum and three spots on 
front yellow ; elytra with a common sutural stripe and two broad ones each 
side, black; legs and ventral margins yellow; antennae dusky. Thorax 
nearly three times wider than long, densely and rugosely punctured. Length 
3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, June 1-July 30. Taken by 
sweeping herbage along roadsides. 

2080 ( ). Pachybbachys bivittatcs Say, Amer. Ent., I, 1824, 65; ibid. 

I, 65. 

Subcylindrical, robust. Head, thorax, legs and under 
surface except meso- and meta thorax, reddish. Color of ely- 
tra given in key ; pygidium and margins of last ventral seg- 
ments yellow. Thorax sometimes with sides, median line 
and basal spots yellow, its surface rather sparsely, coarsely 
and deeply punctured. Length 3.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 486.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 16-June 16. 
Occurs" on leaves of peppermint and grass in low. 
Fig. 486. x a. moist localities. Listed as viduatus Fabr., which is a 
(After wickham.) larger spec ies occurring in the Southern States. 

2081 (6671). Pachybbachys tbinotatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Ill, 1847, 170. 

Short, subcylindrical, robust. Black, opaque ; head with two red spots 
between the eyes; thorax with narrow front and side margins, two large 
basal spots, and a median line from apex to near middle, reddish. Thorax 
strongly convex, very evenly, deeply and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra 
coarsely and very irregularly punctured. Length 4-5 mm. 

Putnam and Posey counties ; rare. June 24-July 9. Occurs on 
flowers of Jersey tea. 

2082 (6672). Pachybeachys m -nig rum Melsh., loc. cat 
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, opaque ; thorax with front and side mar- 
gins, median line or spot near apex, and two basal spots, yellow ; elytra 
with basal and apical margins, a space around humerus, two small smooth 
spots near suture and a large submarginal space on sides, pale yellow: legs 
spotted with yellow. Thorax rather densely and coarsely punctured. Ely- 
tra with humeral umbone, prominent, smooth; rows of punctures very 
irregular, excepting behind the middle. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties; rare. June 4- June 24. Taken by 
sweeping herbage. The black markings on thorax resemble the 
letter M. 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1129 




2083 (6673). Pachybracii yk tbidens Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acid. Nat Sci 
III, 1847, 172. 
Short, subcyliiKlric.nl, less robust Head yellow; ver- 
tex, and often a spot on front, black; color of thorax 
given in key; elytra yellow, with a large, common, black 
cruciform spot on disk, this wider at base, much nar- 
rowed at middle, and again widened on apical third, so 
as to form a common crossbar; each also with narrow 
marginal line and humeral spot, black; under surface 
black; antenna? and legs yellow, the hind thighs often 
with black spot. Thorax sparsely and rather coarsely 
punctured. Elytra with well defined though sinuous rows 
of coarse punctures. Length 2-3 mm. (Fig. 487.) (Original. ) 

Throughout the State; common. May 25-August 2. Occurs on 
foliage of hickory and elm and on that of many herbs along road- 
sides. The color varies greatly. The yellow 1 is sometimes pale, 
sometimes dirty brownish in hue; the dark spots vary from black to 
dull brown. The median spot of thorax is sometimes Y-shaped, 
again oblong, and rarely more or less merged with those on sides;' 
while the elytra may be black with only a narrow median line of 
yellow, or yellow with only the discal spot and three spots on sides 
black. The sparsely punctured thorax and yellow legs will serve to 
distinguish it from spumarhis and other closely allied forms. 

2084 (6660). Pachybrachys abdominalis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Ill, 1S24, 437; ibid. II, 263. 
Form and size of the preceding. Head and thorax dull grayish-yellow, 
irregularly clouded with markings formed by black punctures. Elytral in- 
tervals grayish-white and prominent on the sides, the rows of punctures 
black; the latter confused and intervals much broken on disk near suture; 
under surface black ; sides of abdomen and pygidium marked with paler ; 
legs pale, the femora with a dark spot on middle. Thorax rather coarsely 
and irregularly punctate, the raised, smooth, gray or dull yellow spaces 
varying much in size and shape. Length 2-3 mm. 

Northern third of State, frequent; not taken south of Marshall 
and Kosciusko counties. May 12-June 30. Taken by sweeping 
herbage in low, moist places. 

2085 (6690). Pachybrachys atomarius Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat 

Sci., Ill, 1847, 170. 
Subcylindrical, robust. Black, mottled with whitish ; front mostly white ■ 
antennae fuscous, the three basal joints paler ; thorax black, with the nar- 
row margins and three or four small, scattered spots, whitish ; elytra with 
numerous elongate spaces of the broken intervals whitish ; under surface 
black, the legs varied with white. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake, Marshall and St. Joseph counties ; scarce, May 29- 
June 11. 



1130 



FA M II ,Y LIU . CIIRYSOMELID.TC. 



2086 (6689). Pachybrachys ltjridus Fabr., Syst Eleut., II, 1801, 45. 
Subcylindrieal, robust. Black, subopaque ; thorax with sides and a 

narrow median line usually red ; elytra with a line at base and usually a 
number of oblong spaces on the broken intervals dull yellow ; antennae red- 
dish-brown at base, dusky at apex; femora often with a yellow spot. Tho- 
rax densely, coarsely and deeply punctured, often with a portion of a smooth 
median line; hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytra with coarse, confused 
punctures over the greater part of the surface, the rows visible only on sides 
and behind middle. Length 3.2-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. June 1-July 9. Occurs on 
tiowers of Jersey tea and on foliage of the false indigo, Baptisia 
leucantha T. & G. The elytra, and sometimes the entire body, are 
wholly black. In the latter instance the name var. nigrinns (2086a) 
is herewith given to distinguish them from the other black species, 
morosus and carhonarius. The punctures of thorax are much 
coarser than in the latter. 

2087 ( ). Pachybeachys sticttccs sp. nov. 

Slender, subcylindrieal. Dull black, mottled with yellowish; front dull 
yellow, with a median black line; antenna? yellow, the outer joints fuscous; 
thorax with very narrow margins, a median elongate dash and three or 
four minute spots each side dull yellow ; elytra with a narrow basal line, 
extending from humerus to and back of scutellum and two backward spurs 
from same, dull yellow ; also with numerous elongate marks on apical third 
and a larger spot at apex, yellowish ; under surface black, the legs and last 
ventral yellow. Elytral intervals very narrow and much broken; punctures 
minute, crowded, their intervals finely alutaceous ; humeral umbone promi- 
nent, shining black. Length 2.5 mm. 

Flcyd County ; rare. June 28. 

2088 (6697). Pachybeachys hepaticus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III, 1847, 171. 

Subcylindrieal. moderately robust. Above dull clay yellow, more or less 
clouded with brownish ; elytra usually with a brown spot on each humerus 
and four or five similar spots on apical third, of which a common sutural 
one is the largest; under surface reddish-brown. Thorax rather coarsely, 
closely and evenly punctured. Elytra coarsely and evenly punctate without 
stria? except two near margin each side. Prosternum flat, truncate at apex. 
Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake County; rare. July 14, Probably occurs throughout the 
State, as it has been taken at Cincinnati. 

2089 (6698). Pachybeachys subfasciatus Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., I. 

1824, 173. 

Short, subcylindrieal. Black, feebly shining; thorax with sides and 
often a dorsal spot reddish ; elytra with a median angulate reddish band 
extending from sides almost to suture and often a smaller spot near apex. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



Thorax densely punctured, the hind angles almost rounded. Elytra with 
sinuous rows of punctures and convex intervals at sides and hehind middle, 
confusedly punctured on nasal half. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Marshall, Vermillion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 11- 
Jnne 14. 

2089a (6701). Pachybhachys subfasciatus dilatati's Suffr., Linnea. 
Entom., VII. 1853, 162. 
Very similar to the preceding but broader. Elytra with median band 
covering more than one-third the length and often sending a spur forward 
to the scutellum. Punctures of elytra almost everywhere confused; inter- 
vals nearly obsolete except on apical third. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Orange and Posey counties ; scarce. May 13-June 4. Taken by 
sweeping herbage in low places. 

2090 (6691). Pachybhachys peccans Suffr., Linn. Ent, VII, 1853, 192. 
Short, subcylindrical. Black, shining: head with three or four spots 

and labrum yellow; thorax with narrow marginal line and two or three 
irregular smooth spots yellow; elytra with a line at base and along sides, 
an irregular space at apex and a number of scattered dots, pale yellow; 
pygidium in great part yellow. Thorax sparsely and coarsely punctured. 
Elytra with three or four irregular rows of coarse punctures, the others 
much confused. Length 2,5-3 mm. 

Marshall and Crawford counties ; rare. May 26-June 10. Oc- 
curs on leaves of hickory. Its general range is southern. 

2091 (6692). Pacetybeacetys infaustus HalcL. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sei., 

I. 1849, 262. 

Short, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; head often with labrum 
and a curved line in front of each eye dull yellow ; thorax wholly black or 
with a few minute, smooth whitish dots; elytra usually with a number of 
smooth, oblong yellowish spaces, these sometimes reduced to mere white 
dots or points; front and middle femora with a white spot at apex. Tho- 
rax with rough, coarse, sieve-like punctures. Elytra with coarse punctures, 
confused except on apical third. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 26-August 2. Occurs 
on foliage of the greater ragweed, wahoo and other plants. 

2092 (6691). Pachybrachys femoratcs Oliv., Ins.. VI, 1808, 810. 
Robust, subcylindrical. Black, with numerous dull yellow marks ; front 

black, with a narrow yellow line near the eyes; thorax with three or four 
large, irregular yellow blotches; elytra with intervals broken near middle 
and at apical third into oblong white spaces which form two crossbars, also 
with similar spaces near apex ; pygidium with white marks ; under surface 
black. Elytral punctures everywhere confused. Length 2.6-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. July 4-July 29. 



1132 



FAMILY LIU. — CHRYSOMELUVE. 



2093 ( ). Pachybkachys confusus Bowd,, Can. Ent, XLI, 1909, 320. 

Rather robust. Black with yellow markings ; front black with two yel- 
low triangular spots between the eyes and an irregular quadrate spot be- 
tween the antennae; thorax with front angles, narrow marginal line, a me- 
dian line to middle and a small spot each side at base, yellow ; elytra with 
basal line as in sticticus and numerous rounded, scattered raised spaces, 
whitish ; under surface and legs black, spots on thighs and rings on tibiae 
pale. Thorax with surface very smooth and even, the punctures and inter- 
vals as described in key. Elytral punctures everywhere confused. Length 
2.5-2.7 mm. 

Knox County; scarce. August 2. Swept from vegetation near 
margin of cypress swamp. Described from Mississippi and Vir- 
ginia. A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 

2094 (6695). Pachybbachys spumaeius Suffr., Linn. Ent., VII, 1853, 179. 
Short, robust; subquadrate. Head black, with labrnm and two curved 

lines between the eyes brownish-yellow ; thorax and elytra brownish-yel- 
low, irregularly clouded with markings formed by black punctures; the 
black on thorax forming a vague Y-shaped figure on disk, with an irregular 
space each side. Punctures of elytra in sinuous rows on apical half, else- 
where much confused ; the ridges broken and irregular, the remnants in 
part dull yellow. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

. Throughout the State; frequent. Jane 24-August 3. Occurs 
on flowers of wild hydrangea and Jersey tea. 

XVII. Monachus Chev. 1834. (Gr., ''single.") 

Small, broadly oval and convex species, having the eyes strongly 
emarginate; antennas rather long with joints 6-11 broader; scutel- 
lum elongate, acutely triangular, not elevated behind; presternum 
flat, broader than long, slightly rounded behind. The females have 
the fifth ventral segment impressed with a large, circular, rather 
deep fovea. Two of the five species occur in the State. 

KEY TO THE INDIANA SPECIES OF MONACHUS. 

a. Thorax smooth, opaque ; color nearly black. 2095. atee. 

aa. Thorax with punctures near the base ; color steel blue. 

2096. SAPONATUS. 

2095 (6702). Monachus ater Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1849, 

264. 

Oval. Black, shining; thorax very dark blue; labrum and base of an- 
tennae dull yellow. Elytral rows of punctures less distinct than in the next. 
Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; less so in the southern counties. 
June 16-August 15. Occurs on foliage of milkweed and other 
herbs. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1133 



2096 (6703). Monachus saponatus Fabr., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 55. 

Ovate. Dark steel blue, shining; labrum and four basal joints of an- 
tennae dull yellow. Thorax with scattered shallow punctures near the base. 
Elytral punctures coarse on basal half, finer and subobsolete near apex. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 29-August 15. Taken 
by beating and sweeping foliage. 

XVIII. Diachus Lee, 1880. 

Very small, subcylindrical oval species, having the tarsal claws 
broader at base; antenna? not more than half the length of body, 
with joints 6 to 11 broader; eyes feebly emarginate; thorax as wide 
fs elytra ; presternum usually quadrate and flat. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIACHUS. 

a. Head and thorax dark metallic; scutellum obtusely triangular. 
&. Upper surface not uniform blue. 

c. Scutellum flat ; head and thorax dull reddish-brown ; elytra brassy 
green ; legs yellow. 2097. auratus. 

gc, Scutellum elevated behind; upper surface dark bluish-green; an- 
tenna? ^md legs reddish-brown. 2098. catarius. 
Upper surface uniform blue ; antenna? and legs yellow. 

2099. PALLIDICORNIS. 

aa. Head and thorax yellow; elytra metallic green; scutellum acutely tri- 
angle 2100. CHLORIZANS. 

2097 (6707). Diachus auratus Fabr., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 57. 

Oval, subcylindrical. Head and thorax reddish-brown, bronzed ; elytra 
brassy green or brownish; antenna?, legs, sides and under surface of' thorax 
dull yellow ; abdomen black. Thorax very finely alutaceous. Rows of ely- 
tral punctures fine but complete. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 31- August 7. Taken by 
sweeping and beating. 

2098 (6712). Diachus catarius Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VII, 1853, 68. 
Form of auratus. Dark bluish-green, shining. Antenna?, legs and pro- 
sternum dull yellow. Thorax distinctly alutaceous. Punctures of elytra 
coarser than in auratus. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Knox counties; scarce June 
11-July 15. 

2099 (6713). Diachus pallidicornis Suffr., Linnea. Entom., VII, 1853. 
Oval, subcylindrical Dark steel-blue, shining; antenna? and legs yel- 
low. Thorax finely alutaceous, not punctured. Elytral punctures rather 
coarse. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 11-July 6. Taken by 
beating and sweeping foliage. 



1 134 



FA Mil Y LIU. — C HR YS0MELID2E. 



2100 (6714). Diachus chlokizaxs Suffr., Linnea. Eutoin.. VII, 1853, 76. 
Oval, subcylmdrical. Head, thorax and legs yellow, shining/ Elytra 

metallic green. Rows of elytral punctures entire. Length 2 mm. 

Lawrence and Harrison counties; rare. June 2-4. 

XIX. Triachus Lee. 1880. 

Here belong the smallest of Chrysomelids, none of them being 
over 1.5 mm. in length. They are oval in form and have the claws 
widely dilated; antennae about half as long as body, with the last 
five joints wider ; eyes feebly emarginate ; prosternum flat, quad- 
rate, margined at sides, truncate behind : elytral stria? consisting of 
small punctures. Two cf the four known species occur in the State. 

2101 (6715). Teiachts atomus Suffr., Linnsea., Entom.. VII. 1S53. 71. 
Oval, convex. Piceous-brown, thorax slightly paler ; legs yellow. Tho- 
rax smooth, feebly punctured at sides. Rows of elytral punctures obsolete 
except on sides. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. 

Crawford County; scarce. June 24—Jaly 25. Taken by sweep- 
ing huckleberry bushes. 

2102 (6717). Tktachl-s vacuus Lee. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. VIII. 1880, 

197. 

Oval, convex. Dull yellow, the elytra often clouded with darker. Tho- 
rax sparsely and finely punctured, more deeply at sides, not margined at 
base. Rows of elytral punctures very fine but distinct on disk. Length 1- 
1.3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 16- June 29. Beaten 
from vegetation. 

Tribe VII. EUMOLPIXL 

A large group of medium or small-sized oblong, convex (rarely 
rounded or oval) species, usually uniform metallic, though some- 
times dull yellow or spotted in hue. They have the head plainly 
visible, moderate in size and deflexed : eyes more or less emargi- 
nate; antennae usually long, filiform, widely separated at base; 
thorax margined at base, except as mentioned in key to genera ; 
elytra rounded at tip, entire ; front coxae globose, separated by the 
prosternum. the cavities closed behind; tarsi broad, the third joint 
deeply bilobed, the claws toothed or cleft. 

The following paper, in addition to those mentioned under the 
family heading, treats especially of the genera composing the tribe : 

Horn. — "The Eumolpini of Boreal America," in Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc., XIX, 1892, 195-234. 

Of the 19 genera ascribed to the tribe by Horn. 11 are known 
to be or should be represented in the State. 



THE LEAP BEETLES-. 



113(3 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUMOIPINI. 

a. Front margin of thorax beneath curved, forming lobes behind or below 
the eyes. 
&. Body above pubescent or scaly. 

c. Thorax without distinct margins on sides; form subquadrate; ely- 
tra brown or black. XX. Anoxrs 
cc. Thorax with distinct side margins. 

(I. Margins of thorax dentate; front tibiae toothed on inner side near 
apex. XXI. Myochrous. 

(Id. Margins of thorax entire; front tibiae simple. 

XX II. G LY PTOSCELIS. 

bb. Body above not pubescent or scaly. 

e. Elytra! punctures in distinct, regular rows; middle and hind tibiae 
emarginate on outer edge near apex. (Fig. 490.) 

XXIII. Typophorus. 
re. Elytra! punctures confused or irregular; tibiae all entire. 

/. Bluish-green, shining ; tarsal claws divergent ; legs dark. 

XXIV. Chrysochi s. 

//. Brown; tarsal claws divaricate; legs pale. XXV. Tymnes. 

aa. Front margin of thorax beneath straight. 
g. Thorax without distinct margins on sides. 

h. Body above not metallic; head without a groove above the eyes. 

i. Thorax transverse; front thighs with a small tooth; third joint. 

of antennae not longer than second. XXVI. Xanthonia. 

ii. Thorax cylindrical ; thighs not toothed ; third joint of antennae 

longer than second. XXVII. Fidia. 

hh. Body above metallic green or bronzed; head with a groove above 
the eyes: length less than 4.5 mm. XXVIII. Graphops. 

gg. Thorax margined on the sides. 

Head with distinct grooves above the eyes ; middle and hind tibia? 
emarginate near apex. XXIX. Metachroma. 

././'. Head without grooves above the eyes. 

Jc. Side margins of thorax irregular or undulating. 

I. Presternum narrow, contracted between the coxae. 

XXX. Colaspis. 

II. Prosternum wide, its sides nearly parallel. 

XXXI. Rhabdopterus. 
fcfc. Side margins of thorax regular and entire. 

m. Third joint of antennae distinctly longer than second, the outer 
five joints not abruptly wider. XXXII. Nodonota. 

mm. Joints 2 to 5 of antenna- very nearly equal in length, the outer 
five joints rather abruptly wider ; form nearly globose : tho- 
rax without basal marginal line. Chrysobixa. 

XX. Adoxus Kirby. 1837. (Gr., 1 1 without + glory. ") 

A single species represents this genus in Europe and the north- 
ern United States. 
[72—23402] 



1136 



FAMILY LIII 



, — CHRYS0MEL1DJE. 



2103 (6726). Adoxtjs obscurus Linn.. Syst. Nat., Eel. X, 1758, 375. 

Subquadrate. Head, thorax, under surface and femora dark brown or 
black ; elytra, tibial and basal half of antennae brown or brownish-yellow, 
sparsely clothed with prostrate j-ellowish pubescence. Thorax subglobose. 
much narrower than elytra, densely and rather finely punctured. Elytra 
with numerous irregular rows of fine punctures. Length 5-6 mm. 

Steuben County; scarce. July 4. Our form is the variety 
vitis Fabr., distinguished by the paler elytra. In the typical spe- 
cies they are of the same color as the thorax. It is a species of 
northern range and probably occurs only in the Transition life zone 
of the State. 

XXI. Myochroqs Erichs. 1847. (Gr., " mouse -j- color.") 

In this genus the form is oblong, and the upper surface is rather 
thinly clothed with hair-like scales. One cf the three species occurs 
in the State. 

*2104 (6738). Myochrous denticollis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 
Ill, 1S24, 448 ; ibid. II. 215. 

Oblong, convex. Brown . 
bronzed : base of antenna^ dull 
red. Thorax wider than long, 
side margins with three blunt 
teeth near the middle; surface 
densely clothed with grayish-yel- 
low scales. Elytra 1 margins fee- 
bly dentate ; surface with rows of 
deep, close-set punctures, sparse- 
]y clothed with yellowish scales. 
Last ventral of male with a small 
fovea. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig. 
48S.) 

Throughout the western 
half of State, frequent; more 
so in the southern counties. 
February 28-Oetober 9. Hi- 
bernates beneath rubbish in 
open woods. Taken in spring by sweeping herbage. 

XXII. Glyptoscelis Lee. 1859. (Gr., "carved + tibia.") 

Species above the average in size for the tribe, brown in color 
and having the body more or less densely clothed with prostrate 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1137 



scaly hairs or scales. Two species have been taken in the State and 
two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPTOSCELIS. 

a. Tarsal claws cleft. 

J). Surface clothed with prostrate hairs. 

c. Elytra with a distinct depression surrounding the scutellum ; sur- 
face sparsely but equally clothed with gray and brown hairs. 

PUBESCENS. 

cc. Elytra convex at base; surface hairs all brownish. 

2105. BAEBATA. 

hb. Surface clothed with hair-like whitish scales. 2106. liebecki. 

aa. Tarsal claws simple; elytra acute at tip and slightly prolonged; sur- 
face clothed with scale-like hairs. ckyptka. 

2105 (6730). Glyptoscelis baebata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, V, 

1826, 296 ; ibid. II, 341. 
Oblong, convex, robust. Bronzed, feebly shining; rather thickly clothed 
with prostrate reddish-brown hairs ; antennae and tarsi dull reddish-brown. 
Thorax narrower than elytra, widest at middle, slightly narrowed at base, 
coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra finely and irregularly granulate- 
punctate. Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Southern third of State; scarce. May 16-June 6. Occurs on 
the foliage of wild grape and hickory. 

G. pub esc ens Fab., length 8-9.5 mm., occurs in the "Middle 
States Region." G. cryptica Say, length 7.5-9 mm., is known from 
Missouri, Kansas and Dakota, 

2106 ( ). Glyptoscelis liebecki sp. nov. 

Longer and less convex than harhatus. Reddish- 
brown, shining, feebly bronzed ; thickly clothed above ami 
beneath with prostrate, whitish, hair-like scales. Thorax 
about as broad as long, sides nearly straight, not nar- 
rowed at base, rather coarsely, closely and deeply punc- 
tured. Elytra finely and rather densely punctured, the 
punctures not in rows, the tips not prolonged. Tarsal 
claws deeply cleft, the inner lobe the shorter. Length 7- 
9 mm. (Fig. 489.) 

Knox, Martin and Posev counties ; scarce. May Fi s 489 * 3 

in t n rrn n • . " (Original.) 

lb-J une 9. I he thorax is sometimes darker than 
elytra and the surface is more distinctly bronzed in male than in 
female. Named in honor of the well-known Coleopterist, Chas. Lie- 
beck of Philadelphia, Pa., who has shown me many favors during 
the preparation of this paper. 




1138 



FAMILY LIII. CURYSOMELIDzE. 




Fig. 490. Leg of Typophorus 
canellus, showing emarginate hind 
tibia, tarsal joints, and cleft tarsal 
claw. (After Forbes.) 



XXIII. Typophorus Erichs. 1847. (Gr., " impression + bear- 
ing. ' 7 ) 

To this genus belong the species listed by 
Henshaw under the name Paria. They have 
the eyes surrounded by a rather deep groove ; 
tarsal claws bifid ; elytra with rows of punc- 
tures; antenna? with second joint thicker but 
shorter than third. Three species and a num- 
ber of varieties comprise the genus. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF TYPOPHORUS. 

a. Bright blue ; size larger, 5.5-7 mm. 

2107. VIRIDICYANEUS. 

ad. Reddish-yellow, usually with black markings; 
sometimes wholly black ; smaller, not over 
4 mm. 

h. Elytra without a large, common, saddle- 
shaped black mark. 2108. canellus. 

bb. Elytra, with a large, median, saddle-shaped black space. 2109. sellatus 

2107 (G751). Typophorus yiridicyaneus Crotch., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., 1873, 40. 

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Dark greenish-blue, shining; antennae 
reddish at base, the .five outer joints blackish. Head and thorax finely and 
very sparsely punctate, the latter narrower than elytra, its sides feebly 
curved. Elytra with regu- 
lar rows of rather fine, 
shallow punctures ; sides 
with a fold or costa ex- 
tending from the humeral 
elevation obliquely back- 
ward toward the margin. 
Length 5.5-7.5 mm. 

Southern third of 
State ; scarce. June 16- 
August 2. Occurs on 
the foliage of the hedge 
bindweed. Con volmi ins 
sepium L. 

2108 (6747-6750). Typo- 
phorus canellus Fab.. 
Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 
52. 

Oblong-oval, convex 
Color exceedingly vari- 
able, as noted in the color 
varietal key below ; sur- 
face shining. Thorax nar- 




Fig. 491. X 14. ~ (After Forbes.) 



THE LEAP BEETLES. 



L139 



rower than elytra, variably punctured, sometimes nearly smooth, often, in 
the black varieties, alutaceous and subopaque. Elytra with rows of rather 
fine punctures, these often indistinct on sides and apical third. Length 3 
4 mm. (Fig. 491.) 

One of the most common of the Chrysomelidse, occurring in large 
numbers throughout the State. Taken by beating or sweeping vege- 
tation. 

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF T. CANELUUS. 

a. Elytra wholly black. 
b. Thorax black. 

c. Legs black. 2108a. aterrimus. 

cc. Legs pale. gilvipes. 
bb. Thorax reddish- yellow. U108b. thoracicus. 

an. Elytra pale or spotted. 

d. Thorax black, elytral spots larger. 2108c. quadrinotatus. 

dd. Thorax yellow or slightly reddish. 
e. Elytra with black spots. 

/. Spots of elytra confluent to form a black stripe on each. 

210Sd. VITTATUS. 

//. Spots of elytra separate. 

g. Two spots on each elytron; suture often piceous. 

210Se. QUADRIGUTTATUS. 

<jg. Three spots on each elytron. 2108f. sexnotatus. 

ee. Elytra pale, without spots. 2108g. PUMmus! 

210Sa (6748). Typophorus caxeulus aterrimus Oliv.. Ent, YI. 1808. 913. 

The head of this variety is often reddish and not always black, as 
stated by Horn. The subvariety gilvipes Dej. differs only in the legs and 
antennae being wholly pale. 

Throughout the State; common. April 12-July 13. Occurs 
especially on foliage of wild grape. Taken in early spring by sift- 
ing and probably hibernates. 

2108b ( ). Typophorus caneleus thoracicus Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. 

Nat. Sci.. Ill, 1847, 168. 
Head and thorax and usually the legs, reddish or reddish-yellow. Ex- 
amples in which the thorax is partly black and partly red. thus connecting 
it. with aterrimus, are often met with. 

Occurs throughout the State. May 20- August 17. Mating 
June 22. 

2108c (6747b). Typophorus caxellus quadrinotatus Say. Journ. Phil. 

Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 1824. 445: ibid. II. 213. 
Head either black or reddish : black spots of elytra located on the mid- 
dle of the base and behind the middle and sometimes confluent: legs and 
antennae usually pale. It seems to vary more in size than the other forms. 



1140 



FAMILY LIU. CHRYSOMEL1D.E. 



More common in the southern counties, April 20-August 2. 
Occurs beneath hark in early spring and on foliage of linn, redhnd, 
etc., in May. 

2108d (— — ). Typophorus canellus vittatus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc, XIX, 1892, 208. 

In this variety the black spots on each elytron are merged to form a 
narrow stripe. 

Lake and Vermillion counties; scarce. 

2108e (6747a). Typophorus canellus quadriguttatus Lee., Proc. Phil. 
Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, 86. 

The black spots of elytra are usually rounded and somewhat indistinct ; 
the color otherwise is wholly dull reddish-yellow. 

Throughout the State; frequent. iVpril 29-July 26. Occurs 
mostly in sandy localities. The typical canellus differs only in hav- 
ing the suture dark. 

210Sf (6747). Typophorus canellus sexnotatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 445 ; ibid. II, 213. 

Form somewhat more elongate than in the others. Color wholly pale, 
dull yellow, with three black linear spots, one near base, the other two on 
middle, parallel, the inner one the longer. 

Lake, Clark, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. April 16 -June 
17. Occurs on horseweed and juniper. 

2108g (6750). Typophorus canellus pumilus Lee, Col. Kans., 1859, 23. 

Thorax either black or dull reddish-yellow; elytra wholly of the lat- 
ter hue. 

Throughout the State; scarce. April 23-September 9. 

2109 ( ). Typophorus sellatus Horn, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc, XIX, 

1892, 208. 

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Reddish-yellow ; elytra with a very shin- 
ing black discal space extending from base two-thirds to apex and on sides 
to fifth or sixth row of punctures. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded ; disk finely alutaceous, finely 
and sparsely punctured. Elytral punctures distinct but more shallow on 
sides and near apex, the first and scutellar rows often more or less con- 
fused. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; more common northward. May 9-July 
21. Occurs especially on the shrubby St. Johnswort, Hypericum 
prolificum L. Described as a variety of canellus, but the color is not 
or very little variable. 



THE LEAP BEETLES. 



1141 



XXIY. Chrysochus Chev. 1834. (Or., " goldsmith.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States by a 
single large polished green species which lives upon the foliage of 
milkweed (Asclepias). 

2110 (6741). Chrysochus aubatus Fab., Ent. Syst, 1775, 101. 

Oblong, convex. Green, brilliantly polished; elytra often with a cop- 
pery or brassy tinge ; antennae, legs and under surface bluish-black. Head 
and thorax with coarse, very sparse, deep punctures intermingled with 
minute ones. Elytra finely and irregularly punctate. Length 8-11 nun. 

Throughout the State; common. June 11-August 10. Occurs 

on dogbane or Indian hemp (Apocynum) as well as milkweed. 

XXV. Tymnes Chap. 1874. 

Here belong three medium -sized oblong forms, two of which have 
been taken in Indiana, while the other, violaceus, perhaps occurs, 
having been described from Pennsylvania. The key is that of Dr. 
Horn. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF TYMNES. 

a. Sides of metasternum comparatively smooth. 

1). Color variable, green, bronze or cupreous; elytra coarsely punctate 
even to the apex ; apical angle acute, very slightly prolonged in the 
male. 2111. tricolor. 

hb. Color deep blue with violaceous reflections; elytra not coarsely and 
rather sparsely punctate, at apex cpiite smooth ; apical angle not 
acute. violaceus. 
aa. Sides of metasternum densely and coarsely punctured ; color piceous, 
slightly bronzed ; elytra moderately coarsely punctured even to the 
apex ; sutural angle well defined, not acute. 2112. metasternalls. 

2111 (6744). Tymnes tricolor Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1775. 316. 

Oblong, convex, subparallel. Bronzed or greenish, shining ; brown be- 
neath; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax rather closely and 
finely punctured on sides, nearly smooth on middle and toward base. Ely- 
tra irregularly and rather coarsely punctate. Male with last ventral seg- 
ment broadly emarginate and with a transverse depression. Length 6- 
7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 1-July 21. Taken by 
beating hazel, oak, wild grape and ironweed. 

T. violaceus Horn, was described from Allegheny, Pennsylvania, 

2112 (6745). Tymnes metasternalls Crotch., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

1S73, 38. 

Form and color of the preceding, but shorter and less shining. Head 
and thorax more closely and evenly punctured. Elytra somewhat more 
sparsely punctured and with traces of costae. Length 5-6 mm. 



1U2 



FA M [LY LIII. — CHRYSOMEL] DM. 



Throughout the State; common. May 1— June 17. Occurs with 
tricolor. 

XXVI. Xantpionia Baly. 1863. (Gr., "yellow.") 

Three small oblong brownish species having broad elytra, nar- 
rower thorax and pubescent surface belong here. Two of the three 
occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XANTHONIA. 

(/ Punctures of elytra very confused; color usually dull reddish-brown 
or clay- yellow with piceous spots; sometimes wholly reddish-yellow. 

2113. 10-NOTATA. 

u a. Punctures of elytra much finer and arranged in quite regular rows, but 
slightly confused near the suture; color usually pale reddish-yellow, 
often dark, never spotted. 2114. villosula. 

2113 (6720). Xanthoma 10-notata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1824, 445; ibid. II, 213. 
Oblong or subquadrate. Brownish-red, sparsely clothed with suberect 
brownish pubescence ; elytra each usually marked with eight or ten irregu- 
lar piceous spots, sometimes wholly dull pale yellow ; antennae and legs pale 
reddish-yellow. Head and thorax densely punctate. Front femur of male 
with a small tooth. Length 3 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. April 26-October 10. Occurs 
on oak, beech and elm. 

2114 (6721). Xanthonia villosula Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1847. 169. 

Form of the preceding. Dull reddish-brown or pale yellow, pubescent ; 
head and thorax usually darker than elytra ; antenna? and legs dull yellow. 
Thorax wider at base than apex, sides rounded, densely and coarsely punc- 
tured. Elytra with distinct rows of rather fine punctures. Length 3- 
3.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. May 21-August 11. Beaten 
from hazel and oak. 

XXVII. Fldia Baly. 1863. (NL., a nonsense name. 

The species of this genus resemble those of Adoxus in form, but 
differ by having the front margin of thorax straight, the sutures 
separating the side pieces of prosternum wholly obliterated, and the 
legs much longer. From Xanthonia they may be known by the cyl- 
indrical thorax and larger size. The males have the front tibige 
curved inwards near the tip. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1143 



a a. 



. KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OJT FIDIA. 

Piceous or nearly black; punctures of elytral striee coarse and deep; 

intervals flat, punctures not dense. 2115. longipes. 

Reddish to pale brown; punctures of elytral striae not very coarse; in- 
tervals flat, densely punctured. 2116. viticida. 

2115 (6724). Fidia longipes Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1847, 

169. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Fuscous or smoky to piceous, rather densely 
clothed with ash gray prostrate hairs ; tibia-, base of antennae and femora 
paler. Thorax longer than wide, much narrower than elytra; coarsely, 
densely and deeply punctured. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Western and southern portions of the State; frequent. Not 
taken north of Vermillion County. May 24-August 11. Occurs on 
the foliage of wild grape. 

2116 ( 6725). Fidia viticida Walsh, Pract. Entom., II, 1867, 87. 
Elongate, subcylindrical. Dull reddish- 
brown, rather thickly clothed with short gray- 
ish-yellow pubescence; antenna? and legs 
paler. Thorax wider than long in female, 
often longer than wide in male, widest at or 
just behind the middle, finely and densely 
punctate. Length 6-7 mm. (Fig. 492.) 

Southern two-thirds of the State, ^ 
common; probably throughout. May 
2 7- July 21. Occurs on the wild grape 
and occasionally does much damage to 
the cultivated varieties. The adult bee- 
tles may be killed by the use of an arsen- 
ical spray with lime, at a strength of Kg. 492. 
one pound to 150 gallons of water. The 
larvae about the roots may be destroyed by bisulphide of carbon or 
by wetting the soil before the end of June with a kerosene emulsion 
diluted nine times with water, a gallon or two being poured about 
the base of the vine. 




(After Marlatt in Far. Bull. 70. 
TJ. S. Dep. Agr.) 



XXVIII. Graphops Lee. 1884. t C4r., "to write or carve -I eye.") 
Here belong small subcylindrical pubescent, metallic species, 
having a deep groove partly surrounding the eyes. Three species 
have been taken in the State and two others probably occur. 

KEY TO IPs DIANA SPECIES OF GRAPHOPS. 

a. Thorax strongly margined at base. 
Z>. Clypeus truncate. 

c. Thorax punctured on disk, rugose on sides; longer. 4 mm. 

2117. PUBESCENS. 



1144 



FAMILY LIII. C HR YSO MELID JE . 



cc. Thorax rugose over entire surface ; smaller. 2-2.5 mm. 

2118. CURTIPENNIS. 

1)1). Ciypeus einarginate. 

d. Coppery; bead and thorax regularly punctured, not rugose. 

2119. MARCASSITUS. 

dd. Green or coppery; thorax irregularly punctured and with indis- 
tinct smooth spots. NEBULOSUS. 
aa. Thorax feebly margined at base ; ciypeus emarginate. yakians. 

2117 (6767). Graphops plrescens Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 
1847. 169. 

Oblong, subcylindrical. Coppery-bronzed, sparsely 
clothed with ash-gray pubescence. Thorax slightly wider 
than long, not margined at sides, finely and sparsely 
punctured, densely and finely wrinkled on sides and often 
on basal half. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, disk 
with rows of fine punctures, becoming obsolete behind, 
and a sutural stria on apical half. Length 3.5-4 mm. 
(Fig. 493.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 27-Au- 
gust 8. Probably hibernates. Taken in May by 
FlS (OriginaL) e " sweeping and in summer on evening primrose. 

2118 (6768). Graphops cprtipennts Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III.. 1847. 169. 

Shorter and stouter than pubescen's. Coppery-brown, sparsely clothed 
with very short gray hairs. Thorax as wide at middle as elytra ; entire 
surface rugulose and minutely punctate. Elytra finely punctate, with sub- 
obsolete rows of larger punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

One in the Webster collection labelled "Ind." Ranges from 
New York to Texas and Florida. 

2119 (6769). Graphops marcassitus Crotch. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873. 35. 

Resembles pubescens closely in color and general appearance. The 
form is shorter and proportionally broader, the ciypeus deeply emarginate; 
thorax not rugose ; punctures of elytra larger, more distant one from an- 
other, and obsolete on apical half. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Marshall, Tippecanoe and Floyd counties; scarce. June 12- 
July 5. 

G. nebulosns Lee. length 4 mm., is known from Ohio, Wisconsin 
and Kansas ; G. varians Lee, coppery-green or blackish, length 4—4.5 
mm., was described from Illinois. 

XXIX. Metachroma Lec. 1858. (Gr., ' ' after + color. ") 

Thorax without a lobe behind the eyes, the latter surrounded 
in front and above by a deep groove ; middle and hind tibia 1 
emarginate on outer edge near the tip ; antennte with second and 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1145 



third joints equal, the fourth as long as fifth. Each elytron has 
eleven striae, seven of which are between the suture and the urn- 
bone, while two run parallel with the side margin. Between these 
two sets, that is, just outside the seventh, are two short stria; which 
begin from a common point behind the umbone. These are the so- 
called ' ' short stria?" of the key. The species resemble the common 
and variable Typophorus Cornelius, but are mostly larger and much 
more constant in color. Five species have been taken in the State, 
while one other perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF METACTIEOMA. 

a. Thoracic punctures, when present, round, not strigose. 

b. Suture between the clypeus and front obliterated, the groove above 
the eye not extending on the front. 
c. Head and thorax more or less punctate. 
d. Form more or less oval ; thorax with very distinct side margins 
which, when viewed from the sides, are convex downward, 
e. Sixth to eleventh striae of elytra much confused; thorax one- 
half wider than long, sides feebly curved ; elytra dull yellow. 

2120. ANGUSTULUM. 

ee. Stride of elytra regular except the two short ones ; thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, its sides strongly curved ; ely- 
tra dull yellow with oblong dark spaces. 

2121. INTEKRUPTUM. 

(Id. Form parallel ; thorax very feebly margined on sides, the mar- 
gins straight ; color mainly piceous. 2122. parallelum. 
cc. Head and thorax almost entirely smooth ; color dull yellow. 

L.EVICOLLE. 

bb. Suture between clypeus and front distinctly grooved and formed by 
the oblique extension of the groove above the eye; color dull yel- 
low; elytral punctures coarse and in regular rows. 

2123. PALLIDUM. 

aa. Thorax densely and strigosely punctate; color mostly piceous, elytra 
sometimes with reddish spots; elytral punctures fine and more or 
less irregular. 2124. quercatum. 

2120 (6753). Metachroma angustulum Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., 1873, 41. 

Oblong-oval. Upper surface, legs and base of antenna? dull yellow ; un- 
der surface piceous ; outer six joints of antenme black. Head sparsely punc- 
tate, more coarsely and closely on clypeus. Thorax one-half wider than 
long, slightly narrowed in front; disk convex, sparsely and rather finely 
punctate. Elytra with the first three to five rows of punctures regular or 
nearly so, the others much confused, especially toward the apex ; intervals 
smooth. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Lake, Porter, Starke and Posey counties ; scarce. June 5-July 
8. Beaten from dead willow. A species of western range, there- 
fore probably to be found only in the western portion of the State. 



1146 



FA AT I LY LIU . — C nil YS'OM ELIDJE 



2121 (6757). Metacheoma intebruptum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III. 1824, 44S ; ibid. II, 215. 
Oblong-oval. Pale reddish-brown; thorax with a large piceous spot 
each side; elytra each usually with the umbone, a sutural line and two ob- 
long discal spots, piceous; under surface reddish-brown to piceous. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved, surface sparsely and 
rather finely punctate, more densely on sides. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. June 16. Two specimens from willow. 
Not before recorded east of Kansas. 

*2122 (10,359). Metacheoma paeallelum Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, 
XIX, 1892, 217. 

Elongate, parallel, slightly depressed. Piceous black, shining ; legs, 
epipleura, base of antennse, front of head and sometimes the suture of ely- 
tra yellow. Thorax about one-fourth wider than long, scarcely narrower 
in front, sides curved, the margins very narrow ; disk convex, very sparsely 
and finely punctate. Elytra parallel, narrower only near apex, the rows of 
punctures all more or less irregular, those outside of third very much so. 
Length 5-6 mm. 

Lake, V ermillion and Vigo counties ; frequent. February 12- 
August 10. A specimen was taken on the former date hibernating 
between mullein leaves. Occurs in summer on the flowers of dog- 
wood and Jersey tea; also at electric light. The thorax is some- 
times partly or wholly dull yellow. 

M. kevicolle Cr., length 3.5 mm., is a Southern form which may 
occur in the southwestern part of the State. 

2123 (6763). Metacheoma pallidum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1824, 446 ; ibid. II, 214. 
Oblong-oval. Dull yellow ; head and thorax often reddish-yellow. Head 
with median frontal impression and suture between clypeus and front dis- 
tinct. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved, surface 
distinctly and rather closely punctate. Elytral rows of punctures, moder- 
ately coarse, obliterated behind the middle, the two short rows somewhat 
confused. Length 3-4 mm. 

Lake and Porter counties; rare. June 15- June 28. Beaten 
from wild grape, 

2124 (6759). Metacheoma quebcatum Fabr., Syst. Eleut.. I, 1801, 417. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull black or piceous; legs and basal two- 
thirds of antenme yellow; head often in part or wholly, and elytra some- 
times with a humeral and apical spot, dull red. Thorax nearly twice as 
wide as long, angles prominent, sides strongly curved, disk convex, opaque, 
rather densely marked with elongate punctures. Elytra finely alutaceous, 
the punctures - fine and obliterated on apical third, the rows all slightly 
irregular. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lake and Laporte counties ; frequent. May 28- June 15. Beaten 
from hazel. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1147 



XXX. Colaspis Fabr. 1801. (Gr., " mutilated + shield.") 

Small, oblong or oval species, having the thorax not lobed behind 
the eyes; tarsal claws broadly appendiculate ; tibia- entire, 

2125 (6774). Colaspis bkunnea Fabr., Ent. Syst. Supp., 1798, 94. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull brownish- or reddish-yellow, legs 
always pale; outer joints of antennae often dusky. Head rather coarsely 
and sparsely punctate. Thorax about one-half wider than long, sides rather 
broadly curved, angles prominent, disk rather closely and evenly punctate. 
Elytra with intervals more or less costate, between which are two or three 
irregular rows of coarse, deep punctures. Male with first joint of front 
tarsi dilated. Length 4.5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 4-August 11. Occ urs on 
various wild and cultivated plants, among the latter, grape, beans, 
strawberries, etc, The larvae are said to feed on the roots of grapes. 
Variety flavida Say is wholly dull yellow, while in the typical brun- 
nea the epipleural margin and under surface are brownish, often 
with a metallic lustre. In var. costipennis Dej., the head and tho- 
rax are brightly metallic and the elytra brown, with yellow costa3. 

XXXI. Ehabdopterus Lef . 1885. (Gr., "a rod + wing. ") 

A single species, formerly listed as Colaspis prcetexta Say, has 
been ascribed to this genus by Horn. From Colaspis it is separated 
only by the shape of the presternum as mentioned in generic key. 
2126 (6775). Rhabdopteeus picipes Oliv., Ent., VI, 1806, 886. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Brown, bronzed, strongly shining, the elytral 
margins often greenish-bronzed ; antenna? and legs reddish-yellow-, the outer 
joints of former often dusky; under surface of body greenish, abdomen 
brown, its tip paler. Head coarsely and sparsely punctate, clypeus more 
closely punctate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, 
sides strongly curved, hind angles prominent; disk rather sparsely and 
finely punctate. Elytra coarsely but not closely punctate, the punctures 
irregular on the disk, a line representing the third interval smooth. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. June 24-August 11. Occurs on 
linn, wild grape, etc. Resembles Ty nines metasternalis very closely ; 
separated by the absence of thoracic lobes behind the eyes, the more 
sparsely punctured thorax and smooth metasternum. 

XXXII. Nodonota Let*. 1 885. (Gr., ' ' knot + back. ") 
Small, oval, convex, greenish-bronzed or bluish forms, having the 
thorax with side margins entire and basal marginal line present; 
third antennal joint distinctly longer than second, the sixth joint 



1148 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELID.il. 



shorter than either the fifth or seventh. All four of the forms 
recognized by Horn occur in Indiana. They were formerly in- 
cluded under the genus Colaspis. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF XODONOTA. 

(/. Clypeus much contracted between the bases of the antennae; surface 
above finely punctate, beneath not or but little punctate. 

2127. CLYPEALIS. 

aa. Clypeus broad between the antenna?. 

h. Form short, oval ; punctuation of thorax simple ; elytra without a 
costa behind the umbone. 
c. Upper surface shining ; metasternum not punctate on sides. 

2128. TR1STIS. 

cc. Upper surface dull ; metasternum coarsely punctate on sides. 

2129. CONVEXA. 

hi). Form oblong, subparallel ; punctuation of thorax substrigose ; elytra 
with distinct costa behind the umbone. this sometimes absent in fe- 
male. 2130. PUNCTICOLLIS. 

2127 (10,371). Nodoxota clypealis Horn. Trans. Ainer. Entom. Soc, XIX. 

1892, 231. 

Resembles tristis closely in form, size and general appearance. Color 
usually bronzed, shining. Readily separated by the form of the clypeus, 
which is distinctly narrowed between the insertion of antenna?. Punctures 
of upper surface less distinct and more sparse. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Southern half of State - frequent. June 17-August 9. Occurs 
with t)-istis. 

2128 (6778). Nodonota teistis Oliv.. Ent., YT. 1808, 889. 

Oval, convex. Color variable, dull bronze, bluish or bluish-green ; an- 
tenna? pale at base, the five outer joints and legs piceous. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, front angles prominent, sides regularly curved, 
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra oval, convex, the umbone dis- 
tinct ; surface more coarsely punctate than thorax, the punctures in irregu- 
lar rows, two or three of which occur between each interval. Males with 
first joints of front and middle tarsi distinctly dilated. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. May 24- August 8. Occurs on 
various herbs and shrubs in dry upland localities. The legs are 
sometimes dull yellow. 

2129 (6778a). Nodonota convexa Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sei.. III. 

1824. 443; ibid. II. 212. 
Oval, convex. Color bronzed, rarely blue, or slightly greenish. Thorax 
as in tristis, the punctures more sparse, the median line usually smoother. 
Elytra much more coarsely punctate than thorax, the punctures everywhere 
confused except near apex. Length 4—4.5 mm. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1149 




Tig. 494. (After Chit- 



Southwestern portion of the State; scarce. June 12-July 28. 
Occurs on the greater ragweed, Ambrosia triftda L., in low, moist 
places. The larger size, more truly oval form and coarsely punc- 
tured sides of metasternum readily distinguish this from tristis. 

2130 (6778b). Nodonota puncticollts Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 
Ill, 1826, 444; ibid. II, 212. 
Oblong, nearly parallel. Bluish, greenish or bronzed, 
moderately shining; basal joints of antennae, and rarely 
the legs, reddish-yellow. Head and thorax distinctly alu- 
taceous, the latter more than twice as wide as long, sides 
feebly curved, front angles acute; surface with rather 
dense, elongate punctures. Elytra coarsely and irregular- 
ly punctate, the punctures in rows near apex. Umbone 
marked with a distinct impression and with usually a 
shoit raised line or costa behind it. Length 3.5-4.2 mm. tenden in Bull. VII, New 

(Fig. 494.) Per., U. S. DL. Ent ) 

Southern half of State ; frequent, May 28-July 4. Occurs on 
the flowers of wild rose and the foliage of various herbs. 

Chrysodina globosa Oliv., broadly oval, convex, bronze-blue or 
brassy, length 2.5 mm., is said to occur from the "Middle States to 
Colorado and Arizona," 

Tribe VIII. CHRYSOMELINI. 

Oval, convex, rarely oblong beetles of moderate, rarely small 
size, usually variegated in color. They have the antenna* of mod- 
erate length, widely separated at base, the outer joints somewhat 
enlarged ; eyes feebly emarginate, not prominent ; thorax with w<ell- 
defined side margins ; front coxa? transverse and widely separated ; 
elytra with distinct epipleura? and covering the abdomen; third 
tarsal joint entire (except in Gastroidea and Una) . Representa- 
tives of nine of the 13 genera composing the tribe have been taken 
in the State, Avhile those of one other may occur. 

The only papers treating especially of the North American 
genera comprising the tribe are as follows : 

Rogers, W. F.~" Synopsis of the Species of Chrysomela and 

Allied Genera Inhabiting the U. S.," in Proc. Phil. Acad. 

Nat. Sci., VIII, 1856, 29-39. 
Linell, Martin L. — ''A Short Review of the Chrysomelas of 

North America," in Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, IV, 1896, 

195-200. 



1150 



FAMILY LIU. CHRYSOMELID.L. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHRY SOMELINI. 

a. Tarsal claws simple. 

h. Third joint of tarsi entire or scarcely emarginate (except in Praso- 
curis, where it is bilobed). 
c. Thorax not margined at base ; species mostly rather elongate, 
slightly convex, striped. XXXIII. Prasocuris. 

cc. Thorax margined at base ; species larger, more robust and convex. 
(1. Last joint of palpi short, truncate. 

e. Mesosternum prominent, forming a blunt tubercle between the 
middle coxa^ ; front femora of male strongly toothed. 

XXXIV. Labidomera. 
ee. Mesosternum not raised above the level of the prosternum ; 
femora simple. XXXV. Leptinotarsa. 

(Id. Last joint of palpi not shorter than next to last. 

/. Tarsal claws parallel, united at base ; claw joint dentate be- 
neath. XXXA^I. Zygogramma. 
//. Tarsal claws divergent; claw joint simple. 

g. Sides of thorax not thickened; elytra with darker markings 
limited by impressed punctures. 

XXXVII. Calltgrapha. 
gg. Sides of thorax thickened ; elytra without spots. 

XXXVIII. Chrysomel^. 

~bl). Third joint of tarsi emarginate or bilobed. 

//. Sides of thorax not thickened; elytra unicolored. 

i. Punctures of elytra in regular rows ; tibia? not grooved on the 
outer side. Plagiodera. 
it. Punctures of elytra dense and confused ; tibia? grooved on outer 
side. XXXIX. Gastroidea. 

////. Sides of thorax thickened; elytra often spotted or spotted and 
striped. XL. Lixa. 

a a. Tarsal claws toothed or bifid ; tibia? not dilated and not toothed. 

XLI. Phyllodecta. 

XXXIII. Prasocuris Lat, 1802. (Gr., "leek-green + a spear.") 

Rather small, elongate or oval, feebly convex species having the 
upper surface brassy-green or bronzed-black and striped with dull 
yellow. The three known species have been taken in the State, 
while a fourth is herewith described for the first time. 

key to species of prasocuris. 

a. Yellow stripes of elytra not united at base. 

1). Form elongate, parallel ; length 5 or more mm 
1)1). Form short-oval ; length not over 1 mm. 



2131. phellandrii. 
2132. ovaus. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



aa. Yellow stripes of elytra united at base, 
c. Thorax a little wider than long. 
cc. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long. 

2131 (6782), 



2133. VITTATA. 
2134. OBLIQl A I A. 



Peasocuris fhellandrii Linn., Syst. 
Nat., ed. 10, 1758, 376. 
Elongate, slender, parallel. Piceous or blackish, 
feebly bronzed. Thorax broadly margined each side, 
and elytra each with a discal and marginal stripe, 
united at apex, dull yellow. Thorax quadrate, sides 
almost straight, surface coarsely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra with regular rows of rather fine, close- 
set punctures. Length 5-6 mm. (Fig. 495.) 

Lake County; frequent. April 23-May 28. 
Occurs in the sand dune regions on or beneath 
the prickly-pear cactus (Opwi tia mfinesquti 
Engelm). The larva is said to bore in the stems 
of marsh marigold (Caltha) and other semi aquatic plant; 




ig 495. X 6. 
(Original.) 



2132 ( ). Peasocuris ovalis sp. nov. 

Short, oval, feebly convex. Blackish, slightly bronzed; thorax nar- 
rowly margined with dull yellow; elytra each with a narrow marginal and 
discal yellow stripe, uniting at apex, the latter oblique near base but not 
merging with the former. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides curved 
in front of middle, surface sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra 
oval, with regular rows of rather fine punctures, those of the fifth to 
seventh rows widely separated. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake, Wells and Vigo counties ; scarce. May 20 -July 10. Oc- 
curs on the leaves of sedges in low, moist places. 

2133 (6783). Prasocuris vittata Oliv., Entom.. V, 1807. 595. 
Elongate, narrow. Greenish-black, shining; thorax broadly margined 

on sides with reddish-yellow ; elytra each with a reddish-yellow marginal 
stripe and a narrow paler one on disk, the two united at base and apex; 
under surface, legs and antennae black, the tibhe sometimes pale. Thorax 
but slightly wider than long, apex deeply emarginate, disk sparsely un- 
evenly and finely punctate. Elytra parallel, umbone carinate; punctures 
rather fine and deep, those of the first row somewhat confused. Length 
3.5-4.5 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. May 5-May 21. Readily known from the 
next by the more slender form and narrower thorax. 

2134 (6784). Peasocuris obliquata Lee. Pract. Entom., II. 1S66, 9. 
Elongate-oval. Black, tinged with greenish; thorax with broad mar- 
ginal stripe, and elytra each with discal and marginal stripe, uniting at 

[73—23402] 



1152 



FAMILY LITI. CHRYSOaIELIDJE. 



both base and apex, yellow. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, finely 
and sparsely punctate. Elytra with somewhat irregular rows of close-set 
fine punctures. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. May 5- June 24. Taken by sweeping 
marsh vegetation. 



XXXIV. Labidomera Chev. 183-1. (Gr., "forceps + femur.") 

The old genus, horyphora 111., was discarded by Linell in his 
paper, loc. cit., and the North American species were distributed 
among this and the next genus, the two being separated only by the 
characters given in the generic key. To Labidomera, as character- 
ized, belongs only a single species and a western variety. 

*2135 (6785). Labidomera clivicollis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Arner., IV, 1837, 
213. 

Oval, convex, robust. Dark blackish-blue; elytra 
crange yellow with a large, black, cruciform common 
spot in front of middle, each with a triangular spot 
behind the humerus, and a V-shaped one near apex; 
these spots sometimes in part or all confluent to form 
one or two broad transverse bands. Thorax three times 
as wide as long, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytral 
punctures fine, arranged in irregular double rows. 
Length 8-12 mm. (Fig. 496.) 

Throughout the State; frequent on the foli- 
age of the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L. January 5- Au- 
gust 3. Hibernates beneath logs partly buried in sand, mullein 
leaves, etc. One of the largest and most handsome of our Chryso- 
melids. 




Tig. 496. x lVo 
(lifter Knobel ) 



XXXV. Leptinotarsa Stal. 1858. (Gr., "slender + tarsi.") 

Two of the 12 species recognized by Linell occur in Indiana, the 
others being found in the Western and Southwestern States. One 
of the two is the common injurious ' ' Colorado potato beetle ' ' and 
the other is very similar in appearance. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTINOTAESA. 

a. Elytra with double rows of confluent punctures, the suture and five 
narrow "stripes on each black; epipleura pale. 2136. decemlineata. 
aa. Elytra with single rows of regular punctures; each with five narrow 
black stripes, the third and fourth usually united at base and apex. 

2137. juncta. 



THE LEAP BEETLES* 



1158 



IMiil. Acad. Nat 




2136 (G789). Lepttnotarsa decemmneata Say, Journ 
Bel, III, 1824, 453; ibid. II, 218. 
Oval, robust, convex. Dull yellow; thorax 
with two short, divergent lines on disk and six 
small spots each side, black ; elytra with suture 
and five narrow lines on each side, black, the 
second and third united near apex ; knees and 
tarsi blackish. Length 5.5-11 mm. (Fig. 497.) 

The original home of this well-known 
beetle was Colorado, Say having described 
it from the Upper Missouri River, where it 
fed upon the sand nettle, E,oianum rostra- 
turn DunaL It mn.de its way gradually 
eastward, migrating f r0 m one potato patch 
to another, aided, doubtless, by railways 
and commerce, until it has spread over the 

whole of the eastern United States. It first Kg- *w. a, adult beetle; b, hind 
appeared in numbers in Indiana about f^t^U ; f IS 
1868, and the first beetles ever collected by (After bharp:) 
the writer were these "new-fashioned" or "Colorado potato bugs," 
an old tin basin and a stout stick being the paraphernalia used. 
Suffice it to say they were not taken for a collection, but at a fixed 
sum per hundred, paid to the children to clear the patch of the 
pests. Afterwards the discovery that a solution of Paris green 
"would fix 'em" put the tin basin method of collection out of vogue. 

For a number of years the potato industry in the State was al- 
most destroyed by this beetle, but its damages gradually lessened, 
until now they appear much fewer in numbers than between the 
years 1870 and 1890, and are readily kept in check by Paris green 
and other arsenites. The beetle hibernates in the ground, both as 
pupa and imago, and begins to mate about May first, each female 
producing 750 to 1,000 eggs, these being laid at intervals through 
forty days. Under normal conditions it requires but about 36 days 
from the laying of the eggs to the perfecting of the imago, and in 
about 14 days after emerging, the beetle begins to lay a second gen- 
eration of eggs. The first or spring brood becomes fertile, there- 
fore, about July 1st, and the second generation by September 1st, 
It attacks not only potatoes, but egg plant and other members of 
the Solanacea? or potato family. The rose-breasted grosbeak, yel- 
low-billed cuckoo or rain-crow, and the quail feed upon the larval of 
the beetle, as do also turkeys and occasionally chickens. 



1154 



FAjVI ILY LHI. CHRYSOMELIDxH. 



2137 (6790). Leptinotarsa juncta Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov., 1824, 590. 

Form of the preceding, 
which it resembles very close- 
ly. Distinguished mainly by 
the characters given in key. 
The femora are marked on the 
outer side near apex with a 
black spot. Length 10-12 mm. 
(Fig. 498.) 

Putnam, L aw rence, 
Knox, CraAvford and Posey 
counties ; scarce. June 10- 
September 21. Feeds on 
the horse-nettle, Solarium carolinense L. and different species of 
ground-cherry (Physalis) . A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 




Fig. 498. a, eggs; b, larva; c, beetle; d, elytra; e, front leg of 
beetle. (After Riley.) 



XXXVI. Zygogramma Chev. 1834. (Gr., "yoke + together.") 

To this genus, as at present limited, belong about a dozen of the 
species formerly listed under Chrysomela. All of these but one 
occur in the Western and Southwestern States. They are oval, 
convex forms of medium size, having the elytra marked with spots 
or stripes; last tarsal joint toothed beneath; tarsal claws narrowly 
separated and connate at base, whence the generic name. 

*2138 (6799). Zygogramma suturalis Fabr., Syst. Ent, 1775, 95. 

Oval or subglobose, convex. Brown, feebly bronzed ; ely- 
tra yellow, with the first and second intervals and a broad 
discal stripe dark brown; epipleura pale with dark margins. 
Thorax three times wider than long, sparsely and coarsely 
punctured. Elytra coarsely punctured on disk, more finely 
on sides, the punctures bordering the sutural brown stripe 
in rows, the others scattered. Length 5.5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent, April 18-Deeem- Hg m . 
her 10. Occurs in spring on ragweed in low moist (Aftei RogerB ° 
places and on flowers of goldenrod in autumn. In var. casta Rogers 
(Fig. 499), the subsutural dark stripe is often divided to behind 
middle and the discal stripe wholly, or to near apex. 

XXXVII. Calligrapha Erich. 1817. (Gr., " beautiful + writ- 

ing.") 

Form oval or rounded, convex; size medium or rather small; last 
tarsal joint not toothed beneath; claws widely separated. Eight 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1 L55 



species and two varieties have been taken in the State, while two 
others perhaps occur. All were formerly listed under Ghrysomela. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIGRAPHA. 

a. Elytra with brown and yellow stripes. 
I). Thorax wholly brown ; epipleura dark. 

c. Last joint of palpi strongly dilated; discal brown stripe of elytra 

more or less divided by yellow. lunata. 
cc. Last joint of palpi normal; discal brown stripe of elytra entire, 
notched on outer side. 2139. similis! 

hi). Thorax in part yellow; epipleura pale. 

d. Oval, strongly convex ; discal brown spot of thorax large, quadrate, 

reaching to base. 2140.^ pe^ecelsis.' 

dd. Elongate-oval, much less convex ; discal spot of thorax irregular, 
not reaching base. 2141. elegans.' 

da, Elytra with irregular spots, the suture usually dark. 

e. Epipleura of thorax not impressed ; legs reddish-brown. 
/. Thorax wholly dark green or olive green. 
fj. Elytra with a dark double sutural stripe, to which is joined on 
median third a heavy curved line, the sutural stripe thus ap- 
pearing to bear three or four short side branches or spurs. 
h. Form elongate-oval, subdepressed ; thorax and elytral mark- 
ings metallic green or blue-green. 2142. scalaeis. 
hh. Form short, oval, convex. 

i. Thorax and elytral markings dark olive green ; small discal 
spots of elytra ten or more in number. 
j. Third side branch of sutural stripe (representing the 
lower part of annexed curved line) heavy, unbroken 
and curved forward as in scalaris. 2143. ehoda. 

jj. Third side branch of sutural stripe slender and directed 
obliquely backward. 2143a. var. walshtana. 

ii. Thorax and elytral markings dark blue-green; small discal 
spots of elytra three to eight in number ; third side branch 
of elytral suture usually represented by a detached curved 
spot * 2144. rowena. 

gg. Elytra without a sutural stripe but with a narrow subsutural 

lme * 2145. PHILADELPHICA. 

ff. Thorax in part or wholly pale. 

7c, Thorax pale with reddish-brown discal spots; elytra with numer- 
ous small black spots. 2146. multipunctata. 
kk. Thorax olive green or brown with pale apical and side margins; 
elytra with numerous small greenish spots; under side of body 
gTeenMl - 2146a. var. bigsbyana. 
ee. Epipleura of thorax grooved or impressed ; legs black ; elytra with a 
broad, black sutural stripe and with about nine large pale spots 
surrounded bv black rino-a 

y ulfl <~ K im to S. MULTIGUTTATA. 



1156 



FAMILY LIU. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 



C. lunata Fab., form of prcecelsis, reddish-brown, elytra yellow 
with the usual brownish stripes, is said to occur "east of the Rocky 
Mountains. ' ' 

*2139 (6801). ' Calligrapha similis Rogers, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
VIII, 1856, 35. 

Oval, convex. Brown, feebly bronzed ; elytra pale with a broad sutural 
stripe and a discal stripe brown, the latter broadly notched near middle 
on outer side. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, very coarsely 
and sparsely punctured. First four rows of elytra 1 punctures mostly regu- 
lar, the others confused. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-July 29. Hiber- 
nates beneath partly buried logs and rubbish. More common in 
sandy localities. Often noted crawling over the ground in culti- 
vated fields and, like other members of the genus, feigns death when 
disturbed. Resembles Z. suturalis very closely ; distinguished by its 
more oval form and notched discal stripe of elytra. 

*2140 (6804). Calligrapha pe^celsis Rogers, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
VIII, 1856, 35. 

Oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, bronzed; thorax 
with sides and front margin reddish-yellow; elytra pale 
with sutural and one discal stripe on each brown, the 
latter much narrowed behind and broadly emarginate on 
outer side. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as 
long, sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytra punctured 
as in similis. Length 7-8 mm. (Fig. 500.) 

Vermillion, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. 
April 6-December 21. Occurs on white top in 
J ig T> 500 - n timothy meadows. Hibernates. Larger and more 

(After Rogers.) *' 

robust than either similis or Z. suturalis. 

m 

2141 (6805). Calligrapha elegans Oliv., Entom., V, 1807, 533. 

Elongate-oval, less convex. Blackish bronzed; thorax reddish-yellow 
with dark inverted W-shaped or transverse spot near, but not reaching, 
base; elytra pale yellow with a common sutural and discal stripe on each 
bronzed black. Thorax and elytra punctured as in similis, the yellow 
stripes with finer and more numerous scattered punctures. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent in the northern counties, less so 
southward. March 14-August 26. Probably hibernates. Occurs 
beneath rubbish and on various plants, especially thorough wort and 
goldenrod, usually in moist localities. 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



nr,7 




2142 (6808). Calligrapha scalaris Lee, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, T, 1824, IT:;. 
Oval, convex. Dark metallic green, shining; elytra 

creamy white with a broad, greenish, common sutural 
stripe, which projects three short spurs each side, and 
each with a large, curved humeral lunule double to near 
middle and enclosing a round greenish spot; behind the 
lunule 12 to 15 small greenish spots; antennae and legs 
reddish-brown. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, 
coarsely and sparsely punctate and with an irregular im- Fig . 501 
pression each side. Elytra finely, sparsely and irregu- ( After Kn °bel.)' 
larly punctate. Length 8-10 mm. (Fig. 501.) 

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. June lG-June 12. Beaten 
from foliage of linden and elm. 

2143 ( ). Calligeapha rhoda Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XI, 1909, 83. 

Subovate, convex. Dark olive green, submetallic; legs, antenn-e and 

palpi reddish-brown; elytra creamy white, or often with the apical two- 
thirds dull reddish-yellow ; a common sutural stripe and humeral lunule 
much as in scalaris, the latter enclosing two small spots which are often 
confluent; disk behind lunule with about 11 small spots. Head and thorax 
finely alutaceous, coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, the thorax 
with an irregular impression each side. Pale area of elytra more coarsely 
and closely punctate than in scalaris. Length 7-8 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties ; frequent, April 
29-J uly 15. Knab says of it : ' ' This species feeds exclusively upon 
the hazel, both in the imago and larval stages, and, as far as known, 
it is the only species of Calligrapha found upon this plant, " It will 
probably be found throughout the State, wherever hazel occurs. 
2143a ( ). Calligrapha rhoda walshiana Knab, Mss. 

A variety of rhoda in which the annexed stripe (united with the usual 
double sutural stripe on median third of elytra) is very slender, less curved 
than usual and with its front and hind portions directed obliquely forward 
and backward. Discal elytral spots 15 or 16 in number. Length 7-8 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 25-June 3. Knab's specimens are 
from Missouri, and he thinks this may be the form mentioned by 
Walsh as a variety of 0. scalaris occurring upon the wild plum. 

2144 ( ). Calligrapha rowena Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.. XI 

1909, 85. 

Differs from rhoda principally as mentioned in key. In mature speci- 
mens the greater part of elytral disk is bright orange red, the basal third 
and broad outer margin golden. Punctuation of elytra distinctly coarser 
than in rhoda and the surface therefore more uneven. Tarsal claws more 
divergent. Length 6.5-8.5 mm. 

Marshall County; rare. June 26. Originally described from 
Canada, New England and Pennsylvania. "While the three forms 



1158 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELJDJE. 




described by Knab are undoubtedly distinct from scalaris, it is very 
probable that a large series Avill show them to be varieties of one 
species, rhoda. 

2145 (6809). Calligeapha philadelphica Linn.. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758. 

372. 

Resembles rhoda closely in form and general color. 
The pale area of elytra is much greater, the suture be- 
ing pale with a narrow subsutural black line each side 
on basal half and with two or three elongate dark spots 
which represent the spurs or branches of scalaris. The 
humeral lunule is much more narrow and less curved 
than in rlwda and encloses both a shorter lunule and a 
^After°Knobel 2 ) small spot, while the other discal spots are smaller and 
more numerous. Length 8-9 mm. (Fig. 502.) 

Lake, Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Steuben counties; scarce. 
May 25-July 11. Occurs with the preceding. 

2146 (6810). Calligeapha mtjltipunctata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci.. III. 1824, 450 ; ibid. II, 216. 

Resembles philadelphica very closely. Thorax yellow with several 
small reddish-brown spots arranged in an irregular curved line near the 
middle and often a darker, narrow, transverse basal spot. Elytra with nar- 
row, dark sutural and subsutural stripe separated by a yellow line and 
with numerous blackish or greenish spots. Thorax more sparsely and finely 
punctate than in scalaris and without the depression each side. Length 6.5- 
8.5 mm. 

Vigo, Martin and Posey counties ; frequent. April 25-October 1. 
Beaten from foliage of thorn and red haw (Cratcegus) . 

2146a (6S10a). Calligeapha multiple ctata bigsbyana Kirby, Faun. Bor. 
Amer, IV, 1837, 212. 

Oval, convex. Reddish-brown or greenish, feebly bronzed ; thorax with 
a large brown or greenish spot on basal half, the apical and side margins 
pale ; elytra pale with narrow sutural and subsutural dark stripes some- 
times confluent, and numerous small spots greenish or reddish-brown. Length 
6.5-8.5 mm. 

Northern half of State ; frequent. May 21-October 1. Beaten 
from vegetation of various kinds. Feeds on willow and poplar. 

G. multiguttata Stal, is a western form which has been recorded 
from Cincinnati. 



XXXVIII. Chrysomela Linn. 1735. (Gr., ' < golden + fruit.") 

This genus, as now limited, contains oval convex species of me- 
dium size having the elytra of one color and, in our species, the 
margin of the thorax distinctly and abruptly thickened, 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



115!) 



2147 (6821). Chrysomela aueipennis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1824, 452; ibid. II, 218. 
Oblong-oval. Head, thorax, scutelluni and under surface dark vio- 
laceous blue; elytra coppery red or brassy green, strongly sinning. Thorax 
twice as wide as long, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with somewhat 
regular rows of distant, rather coarse but not impressed punctures. Length 
8-11 mm. 

Lake County ; scarce. April 15-Augnst 24. Occurs in the sand 
dune region, usually about the prickly-pear cactus. Linell gives its 
range as Texas to Nebraska. 

2148 (6824). Chrysomela subopaca Rogers, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

VIII, 1856, 36. 

Oblong-oval. Uniform purplish-black, feebly bronzed, subopaque and 
above finely alutaceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, disk finely 
and sparsely punctate, and with a few coarse punctures along the inner side 
of the thickened margin. Elytra with irregular rows of rather fine, scarcely 
impressed punctures. Length 7-9 mm. 

Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. June 28-November 9. Oc- 
curs from New York to Texas. 

Plagiodera viridis Melsh., greenish to fuscous or brassy, shining, 
length 3 mm., was described from Pennsylvania. 

XXXIX. Gastroidea Hope. 1840. (Gr\, " belly + form, " i. e., 

pot-bellied.) 

Small, oblong-greenish forms having the punctures of elytra 
dense and confused and the sides of thorax not thickened. ■ The 
females have the abdomen very much swollen before their eggs are 
laid, making it difficult for them to move about. 

2149 (6830). Gastroidea polygoni Linn.. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758. 370. 
Oblong-oval. Head, elytra and under surface brilliant 

green or blue ; thorax, legs, base of antennae and tip of ab- 
domen reddish; tarsi and apical two-thirds of antennae black. 
Thorax twice as broad as long, sides rounded, surface finely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 503.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; probably 
throughout. April 29-October 6. Occurs on the knot- 
grass, Polygonum aviculare L. in yards and along 
pathways. 

2150 (6832). Gastroidea cyanea Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 

1847, 175. 

Oblong-oval. Uniform brilliant green or blue ; antennas, legs and under 
surface purplish-black. Head and thorax finely and sparsely punctate ; ely- 
tra densely and rather roughly punctate. Length 4-5 mm. 




1160 



FAMILY Ltd. — CHRYSO Mltf JDM. 



Southern half of State; frequent, 
on various species of dock (Bum ex) . 



April 18-June 15. Occurs 



XL. Lina Meg. 1823. (Gr., "flax.") 
Oblong, feebly convex species, having the sides of thorax thick- 



ened and the elytra usually spotted or striped, 
known from the State and another may occur. 



Three species are 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LINA. 

a. Thorax with sides yellow and disk dark metallic green. 

h. Elytra reddish-yellow with rounded black spots, which are sometimes 
merged into transverse bands. 2151. interrupta. 

bl). Elytra dull reddish or greenish-yellow, with elongate black spots. 

2152. SCRIPTA. 

aa. Thorax green or yellow, the sides not paler. 

c. Elytra dull yellow without spots ; thorax green. teemuee. 
cc. Elytra purplish-black, narrowly margined with yellow. 

2153. OBSOLETA. 



2151 (- 



) 



Lina interrupta Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 438. 

Oblong-oval. Black ; thorax with a 
yellow margin enclosing a small black dot ; 
elytra dull yellow with usually six spots 
on each, more or less confluent ; base of 
antenna 1 and tibiae reddish. Thorax with 
the black center very finely, the thickened 
yellow sides coarsely, punctate. Elytra 
with numerous rather coarse, scattered 
punctures. Length 6.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 501.) 

Throughout the State ; common on 
willow, cottonwood, etc. April 2- 
August 11. The dull yellow of elytra 
is red in life. The spots of elytra 
vary much in shape and are some- 
times absent, except the two median 
ones on each. Known as lapponica 
Linn, in most collections, but the lat- 




Fi 3 . 504. X 6. (After Forbes.) 



ter is a European species with thorax wholly metallic. 

2152 (6839). Lina scripta Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 438. 

More elongate and parallel 
than the preceding. Thorax and 
under parts usually similar in 
color to those of interrupta, but 
the former sometimes reddish 
with four small black spots in a 
curved line at center. Elytra with 
the suture and seven elongate 




a, beetle, normal form; b, c, d, e, variations of 
elytra. (After Riley.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



L163 



spots on each black, the outer ones sometimes confluent to form a margin,!! 
stripe. Upper surface punctured as in interrupta. Length 7-9.5 mm. (Pig. 
505.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-September 18. Lives 
on the foliage of cottonwood, Carolina poplar and other members 
of the genus Populus. 

L. tremulcB Fabr., is an introduced European species which is 
known to occur in Massachusetts and Michigan. 

2153 (6840). Lin a obsoleta Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 

453; ibid. II, 218. 

Oblong-oval. Head, elytra and under surface purplish-black ; thorax 
with reddish margins enclosing a rounded black spot, or reddish with three 
or four blackish spots at center ; elytra with the margins, tips and often 
two short, indistinct lines on basal half, reddish-yellow. Elytra more 
coarsely and densely punctured than in scripta. Length 7-8 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. Two specimens taken by Wolcott near Hess- 
ville and Pine. May 2-June 30. 

XLI. Phyllodecta Kirby. 1837. (Gr, " leaf + to bite.") 

This genus is represented in the State by one oblong, convex 
species having the front coxal cavities open; front tibiaB slender, 
neither toothed nor produced at tip; tarsi with third joint much 
wider and longer than first and second and deeply bilobed; tarsal 
claws toothed. 

2154 ( ). Phyllodecta vitelline Linn., Syst. Ent. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, 

370. 

Obloug, convex. Purple, shining ; under surface piceous, bronzed. An- 
tennae slender, less than one-half the length of body ; third joint longer than 
second and one-half longer than fourth. Thorax one-third broader than 
long, front angles prominent, hind ones rectangular, base without a mar- 
ginal line; surface sparsely and irregularly punctured, the punctures on 
sides coarser than those on disk. Elytra with rows of moderate sized punc- 
tures, those on the sides coarser and more or less irregular. Length 4- 
5 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. June 17. Taken by sweeping herbage 
in tamarack swamp. Occurs on the willow, Salix longifolia. A 
European species introduced by commerce. Of it Knab writes me: 
"Generally passes in collections as P. vulgatissima L.. but Weise 
states that the latter species has the thorax finely margined behind. 
I hsyg seen no American specimens with this character." 



1162 



FAMILY LTII. C HRYSOlvrELID^. 



Tribe IX. GALERUCINI. 

Small or medium-sized leaf -eating beetles, having usually a 
somewhat oblong form and a softer body covering than in those 
tribes already treated. All of them agree in having the head ex- 
posed ; antennae placed upon the front between the eyes and there- 
fore close together at base, the third joint usually smaller than 
fourth: eyes not emarginate, finely granulate; thorax truncate or 
emarginate in front, with the sides distinctly margined: elytra 
longer than abdomen; presternum very narrow, usually invisible 
between the front coxa?, which are therefore contiguous; hind 
femora slender, adapted for walking: hind tibiae usually without 
terminal spurs; tarsi slender, not retractile. 

Many members of the tribe are very injurious to vegetation, 
among them being the striped cucumber beetle, the long-horned 
corn beetle and the imported elm-leaf beetle. The principal papers 
treating especially of the genera comprising the tribe are as follows : 

LeConte. — "On the Species of Galeruca and Allied Genera in- 
habiting North America," m Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
1865, 204-222. 

Horn, — "The GaJerucini of Boreal America." in Trans. Amer. 
Ent. Soc. XX, 1893, 57-136. 

Horn, in the paper last cited, recognized 20 genera as belonging 
to the tribe. Of these 12 are known to be or should be represented 
in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GALERUCIXI. 

a. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 

b. Tarsal claws appendiculate. i. e.. with broad expansion at base; tibiae 
with spurs ; smaller, not over 7 mm. 
c. First joint of antennae longer than fourth, third joint elongate: 
elytra dull red or yellow with black spots. XLTI. Cerotoma. 
cc. First joint of antennae not longer than fourth, third joint shorter : 
elytra metallic blue or greenish. Agelasa 
/j/j. Tarsal claws bifid; front and hind tibiae without spurs: larger. 9 or 
more mm. XLIII. Galeruca. 

aa. Front coxal cavities open behind. 
d. Claws of tarsi bifid or simple. 

e. All the tibiae without terminal spurs. 

f. Epiplenra> short, scarcely passing the middle of elytra : elytra 
metallic blue with a dull yellow median crossbar. Moxocesta. 
//. Epiplenrae long, reaching nearly to tips of elytra. 

g. Antennae longer than half the body; tarsal claws deeply bifid 
in both sexes. 



THE LEAP BEETLES. 



1163 



It. Third joint of antennas shorter than fourth ; size larger, 7 or 
more mm. XLIV. Teibhabda. 

////. Third joint of antennae longer than fourth; smaller, not 
over 6.5 mm. XLV. Galerucella. 

gg. xVntennse not reaching middle of body, third joint longer than 
fourth; tarsal claws narrowly bifid in males, simple in fe- 
males. Monoxia. 
ee. Tibia 3 , in part at least, with terminal spurs. 

i. Middle and hind tibiae with terminal spurs; antennae similar in 

the sexes; elytra greenish or greenish-yellow, usually with 
black spots or stripes ; thorax usually with two fovea? or pits. 

XL VI. DlABROTICA. 

ii. All the tibiae with minute terminal spurs ; fifth to seventh joints 

of antennae broadly dilated in male ; elytra shining bluish-green 
with a narrow yellow border. XLVII. Paratriarius. 

del. Claws of tarsi appendiculate. 

j. Epipleura not distinct; tibiae without spurs; color black and yellow. 

XLVII I. Phyllobrotica. 

jj. Epipleura well defined. 

1c. Tibiae with spurs; elytra black or blue. XLIX. Lcperodes. 
Id: Tibiae without spurs; elytra black and yellow. 

L. PHYLLECTHRrs. 

XLII. Cerotoma Chev. 1834. (Gi\, "horn + joint. ") 

To this genus belongs a single rather small, oval species, having 
the antennae slender, first joint rather long, second short, third 
nearly as long as first, fourth shorter, 5-11 nearly equal ; first joint 
of hind tarsus as long as the folioAving joints together. 

*2155 (6845). Cerotoma trtfurcata Forst. Nov. Sp. Ins., 1771, 29. 

Oval, narrower in front, moderately convex. 
Body beneath and head black ; above dull yellow, 
rarely reddish, the elytra usually with black basal 
and side margins, the latter extending nearly to 
apex and with three black spots on each side of 
and close to suture, the hind one the smaller; the 
spots and border often in part lacking, sometimes 
to such an extent as to leave only the scutellum 
black ; antennae and legs yellow, the tibise and often 
the femora in part black. Thorax nearly twice as 
wide as long, slightly narrow r ed in front, margin 
broader near base ; disk very finely and sparsely Fig 506 (After Chittenden in 
punctate. Elytra with irregular rows of fine, rather Bul1 - IX ' N ew Ser -- U. S. Div. 
distant punctures. Length 3.5-5 mm. (Fig. 506.) Ent ' 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 21-Oetober 18. Hi- 
bernates in small numbers beneath logs and other cover in low, 
moist places. Occurs in summer on bush-clover (LcspcrJcza) , tick 




1164 



FAMILY LIII 



. C3 1 RYSOMELICLE. 



trefoil, beans and other leguminous plants. Listed as C. cqminea 
Fab. In one specimen at hand the dorsal spots of elytra are merged 
to form a stripe each side of suture. If destructive to bean leaves, 
hand picking early in the season and spraying with arsenicals later 
will serve as remedies. 

Agelasa halensis Linn., oval, convex, dull yellow, elytra blue or 
greenish, length 5-7 mm., is known from Connecticut and Wiscon- 
sin, and may yet be found in Indiana. 

XLIII. Galeruca Geoff. 1764. (L., " a helmet + caterpillar. ") 

Broadly oval, subconvex species having the head moderately 
large, not deeply inserted; front grooved between the antennas, 
which are rather stout, not longer than half the body, joint three 
nearly twice as long as the second, three to ten gradually decreas- 
ing in length, eleventh longer; scut ell urn nearly semicircular; epi- 
pleurse entire; tibia? carinate on outer edge, the middle pair with 
one terminal spur; first joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the 
next two, the claws cleft slightly behind the middle, the inner lobe 
much the smaller. Two species are known from the United States. 
One of them, introduced from Europe, has been taken in Indiana. 

2156 ( ). Galerlca pomon^ Scop., Ent. CarnioL, 17G3, S3. 

Broadly ovate, subconvex. Dark piceous brown above, black beneath, 
feebly shining; elytra narrowly margined with dull yellow. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, very coarsely and densely punctured ; disk with 
a broad but shallow medran groove and with an irregular depression each 
side. Elytra each with three or four smooth raised lines, the broad inter- 
vals with dense, coarse, confluent punctures. Length S.5-11 mm. 

Laporte and Kosciusko counties ; rare. July 1-August 26. The 
larva? feed on the foliage of Phlox divaricata and Dent aria laciniata. 
The species was first taken in this country by Dury near Cincinnati 
in 1S78 and probably occurs sparingly throughout the State.* 

Monccesta coryii Say, dull yellow, elytra metallic blue, length 
10-16 mm., occurs on hazelnut and is known from Virginia, Illinois 
and Kansas. 

XLIV. Trirhabda Lec. 1865. (Gr., l ' three + rod.") 

Medium-sized elongate-oblong, feebly convex species with usu- 
ally opaque, finely punctured and pubescent surface; antennae slen- 
der, two-thirds the length of body ; thorax much broader than long, 
widest at middle, the angles distinct and more or less prominent; 

*A full account of its habits and life history, by J. J. Davis, is given in Entomological News, July, 1907. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1165 



elytra elongate, parallel, distinctly margined at sides, the epipleurae 
narrow; color in our species brown with dull yellow stripes; tarsal 
claws of males narrowly bifid at tip, of females more broadly bifid 
behind the tip. Three species have been taken in the State, while 
another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE TlilRII ABD A . 

a. Thorax more than twice as wide as long; epipleura of female piceous. 

2157. BREVICOLLIS. 

aa. Thorax not twice as wide as long; epipleura always pale. 

b. Elytra very densely and finely punctured, the punctures so dense as 
to be indistinct as such ; black stripes of elytra united near tips. 
c. The yellow discal stripe of elytra broader at base, gradually nar- 
rowed to tip, and extending only three-fourths to apex. 

TO MENTOS A . 

cc. The yellow stripe broad, parallel and entire. 2158. canadensis. 
~bb. Elytra closely punctate but the punctures distinctly separated; black 
stripes of elytra not united near tips. 2159. virgata. 

2157 (6897). Trirhabda brevicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1S65, 

221. 

Elongate-oval. Head and thorax dull yellow, the former with a small 
black spot on vertex ; the latter with three irregular fuscous spots, the mid- 
dle one often forked or cordate, sometimes wanting ; elytra dull yellow with 
a common sutural piceons stripe, broad at base and gradually narrowing to 
apex, each also with a piceous stripe extending from humerus nearly to 
tip, then curving, and joining the sutural in the male ; antennae piceous, the 
three basal joints in part pale; femora yellow, tibiae on outer side and tarsi 
piceous. Thorax with sides obtusely angulate; disk with a rather deep 
oblique impression each side. Elytra closely and finely punctate. Length 
8.5-9.5 mm. 

Dekalb, Vigo, Putnam and Marion counties; frequent locally. 
June 23-September 21. Occurs especially on leaves of prickly ash, 
Xanth oxylum americamim Mill. 

T. tomentosa Linn., length 8.5-10 mm., occurs abundantly on the 
Atlantic coast from Long Island to Florida. It is herewith in- 
cluded as the range of brevicollis was given "Sen coast Florida to 
Texas," and cne is as likely to occur in Indiana as the other. 

2158 (6892b). Trirhabda canadensis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV. 1837. 

219. 

Elongate-oblong, slightly broader behind. Head and thorax dull yel- 
low, the former with a black spot on vertex; the latter with an oval cen- 
tral spot and a round one each side; elytra with margins and a broad dis- 
cal stripe dull yellow, the black stripe on side broader behind the middle, 
then narrower at apex and incurving to join the sutural ; antennae piceons. 
the basal joints partly dull yellow ; legs pale yellow, the tarsi dusky. Tho- 



1166 



FAMILY LIU. CHRYSOMELID^S. 



rax two-thirds wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides sinuate; 
disk with a vague oblique impression each side, sparsely and coarsely punc- 
tate. Elytra sparsely and finely punctate. Length 7.5-10 mm. 

Lake and Marshall counties ; scarce. July 4-July 30. The larvae 
are said to feed on goldenrod (Solidago). 

2159 (6892a). Teirhabda vikgata Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 
220. 

Oblong-oval. Color nearly as in canadensis but the yellow stripes nar- 
rower, so that the elytra are more black than yellow, and the spots on 
thorax are usually larger. Antenna- piceous, the basal joints dull yellow 
beneath, the fifth much longer than third, the second and third together 
but little longer than fourth. Thorax with sides less sinuate than in the 
preceding, the surface sparsely and irregularly punctate. Length 7-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 25-September 7. Said 
by Horn to " occur on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to 
Florida. ' ' 

XLV. Galerucella Crotch. 1873. (Gr., "diminutive of Gale- 

ruca.") 

Small oval brownish or reddish species, having the head usually 
with a distinct median impressed line; antennas as long or longer 
than half the body, the third joint longer than fourth; thorax with 
a median and two lateral impressions ; elytra irregularly punctate, 
the epipleuraa extending three-fourths to apex ; front coxal cavities 
open behind ; tibiae carinate on the outer side and without terminal 
spurs ; first joint of hind tarsi not longer than the next two ; tarsal 
claws bifid in both sexes. They occur for the most part on herbs 
growing in low, moist places, on the flowers of water-lilies, or on 
the foliage of trees and shrubs bordering marshes. Ten of the 
eleven species recognized by Horn probably occur in the State, while 
luteola, an introduced species, has also been taken. They were for- 
merly classified under the genera Adimonia and Galeruca. 




Fig. 507. /, Elytral markings of Galerucella americanu; 2, of G. sexvitlata; 3, of G. integm; 4, of G. notulata; 

5, of G. notata. (After Horn.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1167 



KEY TO INDIANA SPEC IES OF GALEKUCELLA. 

a. Antennae similar in color above and beneath; elytra coarsely punctate, 
more finely towards apex. 
&. Elytra with elongate black markings or narrow stripes. 

c. Side margins of elytra not at all flattened; middle coxse separated 
by the mesosternum. 

d. Elytra very coarsely punctate; thorax more or less shining, the 

black spots often indistinct. 2160. Americana. 

(Id. Elytra less convex and less coarsely and more closely punctate; 
thorax opaque., the spots distinct. 2161. sexvittata. 

cc. Side margins of elytra distinctly flattened; middle coxse con- 
tiguous. 

e. Sutural dark line indistinct or absent, the next inner line long, 

nearly reaching the apex. (Fig. 507, No. 3.) Integra. 
ee. Sutural dark line distinct. 

/. Sutural dark stripe joined by the next at or behind the mid- 
dle. (Fig. 507, No. 4.) 2162. notulata. 
if. Dark stripe next to the sutural one very short basal. (Fig. 
507, No. 5.) 2163. notata. 
bb. Elytra without elongate dark marks, the side margins often paler. 
(J. Color dull brick red ; head red. 

h. Elytra more coarsely punctured, the intervals between the punc- 

tures distinct: surface shining. 2164. cavicollis. 

hh. Elytra finely and densely punctured; surface subopaque. 

RUFOSANGUINEA. 

(jg. Color dull yellow, brownish or piceous ; occiput usually piceous. 

i. Form convex, elytra coarsely punctate. 

2160a. var. Americana. 

it. Form subdepressed. 

j. Middle coxse separated by a prolongation of the mesosternum ; 
thorax angulate at middle, subsinuate behind, hind angles 
°»tuse. 2165. nymphs. 

jj. Middle coxae contiguous; hind angles of thorax distinct. 

k. Thorax irregularly punctate, with smooth areas along the 
apex and near the front angles; elytra dull reddish-brown. 

2166. TUBERCUL ATA . 

fcfc. Thorax densely and evenly punctured and opaque; elytra 
dull brownish-yellow to piceous. 2167. decora. 

aa. Antennae piceous above, pale beneath ; elytra rather finely and equally 
punctate. 2168. luteola. 

2160 (6899). Galerucella Americana Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 489. 

Oval, more convex than in the other species. Dull yellow, sparsely 
pubescent; elytra each with three piceous lines, these often indistinct or 
even wanting (Fig. 507. No. 1Y: apical half of antenna?, and sometimes the 
metastemum and abdomen, piceous. Thorax more than twice as wide as 
long, wider at base than apex, sides curved, surface sometimes sparsely 
(female), more usually rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra oval 
with rounded humeri, sides not flattened, surface very coarsely, deeply and 
rather closely punctate. Length 4-6 mm. 

[74—23402] 



1168 



FAMILY LI1T. — OHRYSOMELTD/F. 



Lake, Laportc, Clark and Knox counties ; scarce. May 25- 
July 25. The variety without spots (2160a) occurs with the type. 

21G1 (6901). Galerucella sexvittata Lee., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 
1865, 215. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull yellow or pale brown, opaque ; pubes- 
cence sparse, prostrate; thorax with three distinct black spots; elytra each 
with three narrow piceous lines (Fig. 507, No. 2) ; antennae and scutellum 
entirely black. 'Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front ; 
sides curved, hind angles distinct; disk densely punctured. Elytra slightly 
broader behind, tips obtuse; surface rather finely and densely punctured. 
Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 9- August 2. Taken by 
sweeping herbage in low, moist lands. 

G. Integra Lee., dull yellow, elytra each with a subsutural and 
three dorsal lines, length 4—5 mm., occurs from Pennsylvania to 
Florida and Texas. 

*2162 (6909). Galerucella notulata Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 489. 

Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Dull dusky yellow, sparsely 
clothed with hue, prostrate, silken pubescence; thorax with three black 
spots; elytra each with four narrow black lines (Fig. 507, No. 4), viz., a 
sutural rarely reaching the base, a second oblique one on basal half, join- 
ing sutural at middle.; a third, often entire, sometimes wanting on basal 
half, the fourth starting at umbone and often joining the sutural ; apical 
half of antennae and metasternum piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide 
as long, narrower in front, sides strongly curved, base on each side oblique, 
surface coarsely, not closely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider behind, sur- 
face closely punctate, more coarsely on basal half. Length 3.5-5 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. January 15-December 10. 
Hibernates beneath logs and mullein leaves in sandy localities. 
Rarely the seeond dark stripe does not join the sutural at middle, 
though reaching the usual point of union. 

2163 (6910). Galerucella notata Fabr., Syst. 
Eleut., I, 1801, 488. 
Resembles the preceding, but the pubescence 
is more sparse and the general color usually 
paler. Each elytron is marked with a sutural 
and three discal lines (Fig. 507, No. 5) ; of these 
the sutural and the second discal reach neither 
base nor apex, the first discal being short and 
confined to the basal fourth, while the outer line 
is entire. Punctuation of upper surface some- 
what finer than in notulata. Length 3.5-5 mm. 
(Fig. 508.) 

Throughout the State; rather frequen: 
Fi g . 508. (Line shows natural size.) on the flowers of boneset, Eupatorium ju r- 

folialum L. May 14-October 16. 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1169 



2164 (6902). Galebuceixa cavicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1865, 216. 

Oval, narrower in front, subdepressed. Dull red, moderately shining, 
very sparsely and finely pubescent; antennae black; legs dull red to piceous. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrower in front, sides curved or ob- 
tusely subangulate, hind angles distinct ; disk with a broad median depres- 
sion and another each side, surface coarsely punctured. Elytral margin 
flattened; disk with coarse, deep, not crowded punctures. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. 

Taken in numbers by Wolcott near Pine, Lake County. May 21. 
Occurs from Canada and the New England States westward to 
Wisconsin. Probably to be found throughout the northern third 
of the State. 

G. mfosanguinea Say, length 4.5-5.5 mm., is known from Penn- 
sylvania southward. 

2165 (6906). Galerucella nymph^i Linn., Syst. Nat., 175S, 376. 
Oblong-oval, narrower in front, subdepressed. 

Piceous brown, finely pubescent ; thorax dull yellow, 
usually with three piceous spots ; side margin, apex 
and epipleura of elytra yellowish; under surface 
and antennae piceous, the basal joints of the latter 
partly dull yellow ; legs pale. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, sides rather strongly angulate ; front angles 
small, prominent, hind angles nearly obsolete; disk 
with median narrow depression and a larger one 
each side which is densely punctured and piceous; 
surface otherwise smooth or with a few coarse 
punctures. Elytra slightly broader behind, mar- 
gins distinctly flattened, surface coarsely and rather 
closely punctate. Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 509.) 

Northern half of State, frequent-; Knox 
rnd Lawrence counties only in the south. 
March 26-September 29. Probably hibernates. Occurs on the pads 
and flowers of the white and yellow water-lilies. 

2166 (6904). Galerucella tubekctjlata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1824, 456; ibid. II. 220. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed, opaque, finely pubescent. Color variable, 
dull reddish-brown to piceous ; antenna? black; legs pale or partly piceous. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides rounded or obtusely subangulate. 
hind angles distinct, base sinuate each side; surface coarsely and closely 
punctured, smoother near the front angles and along the apex. Elytra some- 
what wider behind the middle; disk coarsely and deeply punctured, more 
sparsely and finely at sides and apex. Length 5-6 mm. 

Wayne and Marion counties ; rare. May 2(>-Juue 18. The usual 
black spots of thorax are often wanting. 




Fig. 509. X 6. (After Chitten- 
den in Bull. No. 54, U. S. Bur. Ent.) 



1170 



FAMILY LIII. 



■CHRTSOMELIDJE. 



2167 (6907). Galerucella decora Say, Long's Second Exped., II, 1S24, 

294 ; ibid. I, 195. 

Oblong, scarcely wider behind, subdepressed. Dull yellow or dusky 
brown clothed with fine, short, yellow, silken pubescence; antennae wholly 
piceous or with the basal joints partly dull yellow; legs pale. Thorax twice 
as wide as long, narrower in front, sides curved, hind angles slightly promi- 
nent, base oblique each side ; disk with a vague median impression and a 
large, shallow one each side, marked with piceous. Elytra scarcely widened 
behind, surface coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. 

Lake County ; scarce. May 2 j -June 30. Occurs on willow. Has 
the same range as cacicollis and, like it, probably confined to the 
northern third of the State. 

2168 (6912). Galerucella luteola 'Mull., Melanges Soc. Roy. Turin, 1766, 

Oblong, subdepressed. Dull olive or 
greenish-yellow, finely pubescent ; h e a d 
with a black spot on vertex and another 
between the eyes ; thorax with three black 
spots ; elytra with a stripe on sides and a 
narrow, short line on middle of base, 
black; abdomen piceous. Thorax more than 
twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed 
in front ; disk with an oblique depression 
each side and a shallow pit on median line 
near apex ; surface rather sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra with sides nearly parallel, 
margins flattened, surface rather finely 
and evenly punctate. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig. 
510.) 

This is the injurious "elm-leaf 
beetle/' introduced from Europe into 
the United States near Baltimore 
about 1837. Since then it has gradu- 
ally spread southward and westward 
and reached Harrison County, Indiana, about 1905, probably by 
way of the Ohio River. It is abundant on the elms of Laconia, 
Elizabeth and Corydon in that county, from which the specimens in 
the collection were obtained. The beetle hibernates as imago be- 
neath bark, in cracks of wood and other shelter, and emerges to 
feed on the first opening buds in spring. The eggs are laid in 
clusters of five to 20 or more on the lower side of the elm leaves and 
hatch in about a week. The larva? feed on the under side of the 
leaf, gradually skeletonizing it. They reach full growth in 15 to 20 
days, and then crawl or fall to the ground and change to pupae, 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1171 



from which they emerge as imagoes in six to ten days. There are 
usually two broods each season, those of the second hibernating. 

The only remedy is the spraying of the trees with an arsenical 
solution two or three times a year ; once just after the buds have 
opened, to kill as many of the mating insects as possible ; a second 
time two or three weeks later to kill the larvas, the majority of which 
have hatched by that time. A third spraying about June first will 
also be found beneficial. The crushing of the larvas at the surface 
of the ground when they are about to transform is also recom- 
mended. With the foothold that it has gained the beetle will un- 
doubtedly spread over the southern third of the State and ulti- 
mately do much damage to the many noble elms of that section. 

Monoxia puncticollis Say, pale yellow to entirely black, or elytra 
with stripes, length 7-8.5 mm., is known from Massachusetts and 
Florida westward. 

XL VI. Diabrotica Chev. 1850. (Gr., through + gnaw. ") 

Small or medium-sized, oval or ob- 
long beetles having the head not inserted 
as far as the eyes, which are broadly oval 
and entire ; antennas slender, longer than 
half the body, second and third joints 
often very small; thorax broader than 
long, sometimes nearly square, the disk 
usually with two pits or foveas; elytra 
with a very distinct and slightly reflexed 
side margin; front coxas contiguous, the 
cavities open behind; tibias slender, the 
middle and hind pair with terminal 
spurs, the outer edge usually carinate 
from knee to tip ; first joint of hind 
tarsus as long as the next two ; tarsal 
claws bifid. Three species have been 
taken in the State, and a fourth prob- ( After Forbes - > 

ably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIABROTICA. 

a. Tibiae carinate along the outer edge; elytra without black stripes. 

&. Elytra each with six black spots ; abdomen and base of femora pale. 

2169. 12-PUNCTATA. 

7)7). Elytra unicolorons without spots, 




1172 FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELID.E. 

c. Head and legs in part piceous; elytra black. atbepexnis. 
cg. Head and legs pale : elytra green or yellow. 2170. loxgicobxis. 
aa. Tibiae not carinate along the outer edge; elytra yellow with black 
stripes. 2171. yittata. 

2169 ( 0881). Diabrotic a 12-n xctata Pabr., Syst. Ent.. 1775. 103. 
Oblong-oval, narrower in front, moderately convex. Pale greenish-yel- 
low : head and presternum black ; elytra each with six black spots, as 
shown in Fig. 511 : antenna? dark, with three basal joints pale, the second 
and third together about as long as fourth ; legs except base of femora 
piceous. Thorax wider than long, surface smooth ; disk convex with a 
rather deep pit each side of middle. Elytra sparsely and very finely punc- 
tate. Length 6-7.5 mm. i Fig. 511. ) 

Throughout the State; common. May 30-October 21. Occurs 
on the foliage of cucumber, melon and allied plants, but is much 
less injurious to them than is I), vittata: found also on goldenrod, 
corn and many plants. The larva? feed On the roots of corn and 
grasses. 

D. atripennis Say, entirely black, or with thorax and abdomen 
in part or wholly yellow, .length 4-5 nun., is said to occur from 
Massachusetts to Kansas and Dakota, but no specimens have as yet 
been noted in Indiana. 

2170 (GSSsj. Diabeotica loxgicorxis Say. Joum. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III. 1S24. 400: ibid. II. 223. 

I-Zlongate-oblong. Greenish or 
greenish-yellow; antennae, and 
sometimes the head and thorax, 
pale reddish-brown. Thorax near- 
ly quadrate, sides curved in 
front, slightly sinuate b e h i n d : 
disk convex, smooth, with a rather 
deep fovea each side. Antennae 
two-thirds the length of body. 
Elytra distinctly wider behind 
the middle, surface vaguely sub- 
sulcate. rather coarsely and close- 
ly punctate and with a raised line 
from umbone two-thirds to apex. 
Length 5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 512.') 

Thrcnghout the State, fre- 
euciit : more so in the south- 
ern counties. June 22— October 5. Most abundant in early autumn 
on the silk and loaves of ripening corn and on the flowers of wild 
sunflower and goldenrod. 




Fig. 512. X 19. (AfterTorbes.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1173 



*21?1 (6885). Diabeotica vittata Fabr., Syst. Ent, 1775, 122. 

Oblong-oval. Pale yellow above; head, seutellum, 
one common sutural and a discal stripe on each ely- 
tron, black; under surface, antennae, except the Hire;' 
basal joints, knees, front tibiae, tips of middle and hind 
tibia? and tarsi piceous. Thorax one-fourth wider than 
long, sides curved in front; disk smooth hut with two 
deep fovea?. Elytra rather broadly striate, the striae 
each with two rows of punctures, intervals convex, 
subcostate. Length 4.5-G mm. (Fig. 513.) 

Throughout the State; common. Known as 
the "striped cucumber beetles, 1 ' and very in- 
jurious to cucumber and melon vines. Hiber- Fig 51.3. 
nates beneath rubbish in the vicinity of gardens (After Ch:ttenden ' ) 
and melon patches. February 7-December 11. Mating April 26 in 
numbers on the flowers of Crataegus and wild plum ; also taken at 
sap. The beetle eats into the stems of the melon vines at the sur- 
face and the larvae mines in them a little under ground. "Remedial 
measures vary and generally result in an effort to keep away the 
beetles until the vines are well established. This is sometimes ac- 
complished by planting an excess of seed so as to allow the insects 
to kill a number of the plants and yet leave enough for the farmer; 
sometimes ground tobacco at the base of the plant is used as a repel- 
lant, and this is good if it be ground fine. The beetles may also be 
driven away with air-slaked lime or plaster. Occasionally carbol- 
ized lime or plaster is used, and sometimes kerosene or turpentine 
is mixed with plaster. All these are good, and the best is that which 
succeeds best with the individual farmer. ' ' * 

XLVII. Paratriarius Schf. 1907. (Gr., "near + Triarius.") 

This genus was established to embrace the long lost Galeruca 
dor sat a Say which was rediscovered by Dury near Cincinnati in 
1903. It is a small-sized oblong-oval species having the antenna 
longer than half the body, first joint stout, slightly larger than 
fourth, second small, third and following suhecjual, the fifth to 
seventh broadly dilated on outer side in male; elytral punctures 
confused ; legs slender, all the tibiae with minute spurs ; first joint of 
hind tarsi as long as the next three together ; claws deeply bifid, the 
inner lobes convergent and touching. 

2172 ( ). Paratriarius dorsata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 

1824, 456 ; ibid. IT. 221. 
Oblong-oval. Front of head, thorax, under surface, legs and narrow 
border of elytra pale yellow; vertex black; elytra bluish-green, shining; an- 

*J. B. Smith, Cat, N. J. Insects, 1899, 310, 




1174 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIDxTC. 



tennse and a line on outer side of tibiae and tarsi, brownish. Thorax twice 
as broad as long; disk with a shallow fovea each side, very sparsely and 
finely punctate. Elytra slightly widening from base to apex, rather coarsely 
and closely punctate and with an irregular depression near the suture on 
apical third. Length 6-6.5 mm. 

Vermillion County; rare. July 21. Dury has taken this hand- 
some beetle in numbers near Cincinnati on the spiderwort, Trades- 
cantia virginiana L. He states that it is the most active Chryso- 
melid known to him, flying like a Cicindela 50 to 100 feet before 
alighting, and that it occurs only in late June and July, the males 
disappearing by July 15th. It probably occurs throughout the 
southern third of Indiana. 

XL VIII. Phyllobrotica Eedt, 1849. (Or., "leaf + gnaw.") 

Elongate-oblong, black and yellow beetles, having the head 
transversely grooved between the eyes, which are nearly round and 
prominent; antennas slender, longer in the female, the third joint 
longer than second; thorax transversely quadrate, sides nearly 
straight, disk usually with depressions; elytra parallel without side 
margins or separate epipleurse; tibia; without spurs; first joint of 
hind tarsi scarcely as long as the next two; claws appendicular 
and divaricate. Five species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYLLOBROTICA. 

a. Head black, front pale. 

b. Elytra yellow, with two piceous spots on each. 2173. decorata. 
bb. Elytra each with two black stripes. 2174. vittata. 

aa. Head entirely yellow. 

c. Last ventral of male with a shallow longitudinal impression ; elytra 

piceous, with suture and sides yellow; abdomen black, sparsely 
pubescent. 2175. discoidea. 

cc. Last ventral of male with a deep cup-shaped cavity. 

d. Abdomen dull yellow, sparsely pubescent ; elytra as in discoidea. 

2176. LIMBATA. 

dd. Abdomen black, densely pubescent ; elytra yellow with a subsutural 
and short subapical marginal stripe black. 2177. lengi. 

2173 (6847). Phyllobrotica decorata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
III. 1824, 459 ; ibid. IT, 223. 
Elongate, parallel. Front of head, thorax and legs yellow ; elytra yel- 
low with two black or piceous spots, one at base smaller aud oval, one be- 
hind middle oblong; under surface and antennae piceous, the three basal 
joints of latter yellow. Thorax broader than long ; disk smooth, basal edge 
sinuate. Elytra very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Lake, Steuben, Starke, Kosciusko and Crawford counties; scarce. 
June 5-July 2. Occurs on foliage of various kinds along the edges 
of marshes. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1 1 75 



2174 (10,379). Phyllobrotica vittata Horn, Trans. Ainer. Entam. Soc, 

XX, 1893, 100. 

Elongate-oblong. Head black, front yellow; thorax, legs and under 
surface yellow ; elytra piceous, tbe side margin and suture yellow and a 
median yellow stripe extending partly or wholly from umbone to apex ; an- 
tennae dusky, tbe basal joints yellow. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
sides nearly straight ; disk smooth, with a shallow transverse depression on 
basal half. Elytra sparsely and finely punctate. Fifth ventral segment of 
male with a deep, cup-shaped cavity as in limbata. Length 4-5 mm. 

Spencer County; rare. May 24. Taken by sweeping herbage 
along roadsides. 

2175 (6848), Phyllobrotica discoidea Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 485. 
Elongate, parallel. Head, thorax, legs and under surface, except the 

abdomen, yellow ; elytra piceous or bluish-black, with a sutural line, wider 
at base, and narrow side margins, yellow ; antennse piceous, the three basal 
joints indistinctly paler ; tips of tibise and tarsi piceous. Thorax wider 
than long, slightly wider at apex ; disk smooth, with a rather deep fovea 
each side of middle. Elytra sparsely and rather finely punctate. Length 
4-6.5 mm. 

Western half of State ; scarce. May 27-July 25. Occurs on the 
arrow alum (PeUandra undulata Raf.) and other plants about the 
margins of marshes. 

2176 (10,378). Phyllobrotica limbata Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 486. 
Resembles discoidea very closely in form and color. The basal joints 

of antenna? are more distinctly paler and the body beneath is wholly dull 
yellow. Thorax with a broad but shallow transverse depression on basal 
half. Elytra more finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctate ; abdomen very 
sparsely pubescent. Length 4-6 mm. 

Northern half of State, scarce; Knox County only in the south. 
June 25- August 9. In similar localities with the preceding. The 
males are easily separated from those of discoidea by the deep pit of 
last ventral segment. 

2177 ( ). Phyllobrotica lengi sp. nov. 

Form of discoidea. Color of head, thorax and under surface as there ; 
color of elytra given in key; legs yellow, tarsi fuscous. Thorax as wide as 
long, slightly wider at apex; disk smooth, with a median and two lateral 
sub-basal impressions. Elytra finely alutaceous, sparsely and finely punc- 
tate. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Perry County; rare. May 16. Swept from roadside herbage. 
The last ventral of male is like that of limbata, convex in front, with 
deep, cup-shaped cavity behind, this prolonged at middle by a short 
truncate lobe limited each side by a notch. The dark, strongly pu- 
bescent abdomen and different color of elytra readily distinguish it 
from limbata, while the former character and yellow head separate 



1176 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELJD/E. 



it from vittata. According to Knab there are, in the U. S. Museum 
collection, two males of lengi, placed as males of vittata, while there 
is no true vittata male present. Named in honor of Chas. W. Leng, 
of New York City, who has shown me many favors during my work 
on this paper. 

XLIX. Luperodes Motsch. 1858. (Gr., ^troublesome.") 

This genus comprises the majority of the species formerly listed 
under Lu per us. They are oblong, small-sized beetles, having the 
head transversely grooved between the eyes and carinate between 
the antennas; the latter slender, longer than half the body, joints 
2 and 3 small, together not longer than fourth ; thorax variable in 
form, transverse to quadrate, the disk never distinctly impressed; 
elytra with epipleurae extending nearly to apex; front coxal cavities 
open behind, the coxa?, often separated by a narrow prolongation 
of the prosternum; tibia- with a terminal spur, that of the hind 
pair the longer ; claws appendiculate and divaricate. But one spe- 
cies has been recognized from the State, though two others may 
occur. 

KEY. TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LUPERODES. 

a. Thorax yellow, twice as wide as long; form oval; elytra black or pic- 
eous, sparsely punctate ; legs yellow. thoracicus. 
aa. Thorax blue or black ; antennas yellow. 

b. Elytra punctate and alutaceous ; hind angles of thorax dentiform ; all 
the femora more or less piceous. meraca. 
bb. Elytra very obsoletely punctate, scarcely alutaceous; hind angles of 
thorax not dentiform ; middle and hind femora often partly piceous. 

2178. CYANELLUS. 

L. thoracicus Melsh., length 4.5-5 mm., and L. meraca Say, 
length 5 mm., both range from Pennsylvania to Kansas; the latter 
has been recorded from Illinois. 

2178 (6865). Luperodes cyanellus Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 
209. 

Elongate-oblong. Above dark blue, strongly shining, beneath piceous; 
antenna? and legs usually entirely yellow, the middle and hind thighs some- 
times piceous near base. Thorax a little wider than long, sides slightly 
curved, bird angles distinct, not prominent; disk convex, smooth, sparsely 
punctured at sides and base. Elytra sparsely and finely punctate, feebly 
alutaceous. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. 

Marion, Jackson and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 17-June 
24. Occurs on the flowers of wild rose. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1177 



L. Phyllecthrus L'ec. 1865. (Gr., "leaf + eating.") 

Small, elongate, nearly smooth species having the eyes oval, dis- 
tant from the margin of the thorax ; antennae slender, 10- jointed in 
the male of gentilis, 11-jointed in the other species ; thorax broader 
than long, sides distinctly margined, base curved ; elytra with very 
distinct side margins and epipleuraa, the latter narrow ; front coxae 
contignons ; tibins slender, without spurs ; first joint of hind tarsi 
longer than the next two together • claws broadly appendiculate at 
base. One of the four species has been taken in the State and an- 
other probably occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHYLLECTHRUS. 

a. Antennae piceous and 11-jointed in both sexes, thickened toward the tip, 
male, or filiform, female; elytra but slightly wider than thorax. 

DORSALIS. 

aa. Antennae filiform and piceous in both sexes, but 10-jointed, male, 11- 
jointed, female ; elytra distinctly wider than thorax. 

2179. GENTILIS. 

P. dorsalis Oliv., head, thorax and under side of body yellow, 
elytra and abdomen black, length 6 mm., occurs "from Washington, 
D. C, to Missouri and Texas." 

2179 (6853). Phyllecthrus gentilis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1865, 208. 

Elongate-oblong, parallel. Head, and often 
the thorax, entirely yellow, the latter, how- 
ever, usually with a broad black stripe each 
side with the extreme margin pale ; elytra 
sometimes wholly black, more often with the 
suture, side margins and apex yellow ; under 
surface and legs yellow, the former some- 
times piceous; antennae piceous, the three 
basal joints partly yellow. Thorax slightly 
wider than long, sides nearly straight; disk 
smooth, convex and with a vague impression 
behind the middle. Elytra very finely alu- 
taceous, without punctures. Length 2.5-4 mm. (Fig. 514.) 

Southern third of State, scarce; Kosciusko County only in the 
north. May 19- June 23. Occurs on bush-clover (Lespedeza) along 
roadsides. 

Tribe X. HALTICINI. 

A large group of small or medium-sized, leaf -eating forms, dis- 
tinguished from the preceding tribe mainly by the fact that the hind 
thighs are greatly enlarged and thickened for leaping. As a conse- 




1178 



FAMILY LIU. — CHRYSOM ELIDVE. 



quenee they are known as "flea-beetles" or "jumping beetles," this 
term being especially applied to the small black species of Haltica 
and Epitrix, which are very injurious to vegetation in the mature or 
adult stage. 

In addition to the thickened hind femora, most of the species 
are distinguished from the Galerucini by having the front coxa? 
separated by a prolongation of the presternum, and the hind tibise 
provided with a terminal spur which gives them a point of resistance 
in the act of leaping. The third joint of the antennae is, in most 
species, equal to or longer than the fourth, whereas in the preceding 
tribe it is usually smaller. The identification of some of the mem- 
bers of the group is among the most difficult in the family, yet most 
of the genera have a peculiar facies or general appearance which, 
once learned, leads readily to the proper placing of additional spe- 
cies. The principal paper treating of the North American forms 
is by 

Horn. — "A Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America," in 
Trans. Amor. Ent. Soc, XVI, 1889, 163-320. 

Of the 33 genera recognized by Horn as comprising the tribe, 
22 are known to be. or should be represented in the State. For con- 
venience, and to avoid a long generic key, these are first divided 
into two subtribes. 



KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF HALTICINI. 



a. Front coxal cavities open behind. 
aa. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 



Snbtribe A, p. 1178. 
Subtribe B, p. 1205. 




Subtribe A. (Halticini.) 

As mentioned above, the di- 
vision of the Halticini into two 
subtribes is for convenience only 
and is wholly arbitrary. Aside 
from the open coxal cavities on 
which the first division is based, 
Fig 515. a , Hind tibia and tarsus of (Edwnychis; b, our members of it are for the 

same of Dwonycha; c. same of Lotigitarsus. (After Horn.) ] ^ «j- c iui 111c 

most part larger than those of 
the second, being usually 3.5 or more mm. in length. They are also 
mostly more ornate or variegated in color. Twelve of the 22 genera 
belong to this group. 





i'MK LEAF BEETLES. 



1.179 



KEY TO THE INDIANA GENERA OF HALTICTNI, SUBTBIBE A. 

a. Last joint of hind tarsi globosely swollen (Fig. 515, a) ; punctures of 
elytra confused; surface glabrous; thorax very little narrower than 
elytra. LI. CBdionychis. 

ua. Last joint of hind tarsi not inflated, usually slender, sometimes thick- 
ened when viewed from the side. 
h. Mesosternum always visible, usually moderately long - . 

c. Thorax without a transverse impression near the base; hind tibiae 
faintly or not grooved. 
d. First joint of hind tarsus short, as compared with the tibiae, and 
rather broad; claws appendicular^ (Fig. 515, &) ; size medium, 
4.5 or more mm. LII. Disonycha. 

del. First joint of hind tarsus long and slender ; claws simple ; size 
smaller, less than 4 mm. 
e. Hind tibiae grooved above or on the outer edge, at least near 
apex ; elytra without yellow stripes or spots. 
f. Hind tibiae with the apex entire, the spur placed in the mid- 
dle in front of the tarsus. 
g. Punctures of elytra confused; first joint of hind tarsus 
nearly or quite as long as half the tibia (Fig. 515. c). 

LIII. LONGITARSUS. 

gg. Punctures of elytra in regular rows; first joint of hind 
tarsus not more than one-third the length of the tibiae 
and scarcely as long as the three following joints united. 

LIV. Glyptina. 

//'. Hind tibiae deeply grooved above, with the apex notched or 
bilobed, the spur placed on the outer lobe ; reddish-brown, 
shining. LV. Aphthona. 

ee. Hincl tibiae not grooved on the outer edge, slightly excavated 
near the tip, the spur at middle beneath ; elytra each usually 
with a yellow stripe or spots. LVI. Phylloteeta. 

gg. Thorax with a transverse impression on basal half. 

h. Transverse impression of thorax usually feeble, not distinctly 
limited at each end; elytral punctures, when present, confused. 
i. Hind tibiae each with a short terminal spur. LVIL Haltica. 
Pi. Hind tibiae wholly without spurs. LVIII. Liperaltica. 

////. Transverse impression deep, limited at each end by a longi- 
tudinal fold; above bicolored. 
j. Elytra nearly smooth, the punctures, when present, extremely 
fine and scattered. LIX. Lactica. 

jj. Elytra with distinct punctures in rows. 

/,-. Form oval; surface without erect hairs. Diphaulaca. 
I'k. Form oblong, parallel ; elytra with short hairs arising from 
punctures on the intervals. LX. Trichaltica. 



1180 



FAMILY LIII. — CHRYSOMELID.E, 



66. Mesosternum very short, nearly concealed by the close approach of 
the pro- and meta sterna ; form orbicular or hemispherical ; antennas 
slender, but slightly thickened externally ; color piceous black, shin- 
m &- Spkleroderma. 

LI. (Edionychis Lat. 1829. (Gr., " swollen + joint. ") 

A large genus of oval, small or medium-sized species having the 
head inserted in the thorax to the eyes ; thorax always much broader 
than long, deeply emarginate in front, the margin more or less 
dilated, base curved, usually obliquely sinuate near the hind angles; 
elytra oval, humeri not prominent; presternum moderately wide 
between the front coxa?, the cavities open behind; side pieces of 
metathorax rather wide, parallel and roughly punctured ; legs short 
and robust, front and middle tibiae slightly broader at apex, the 
outer edge deeply grooved; hind femora very stout and thick, 
deeply grooved beneath for the tibiae, which are short and feebly 
grooved; tarsi with first joint oblong, triangular, second smaller and 
narrower, last joint of hind pair globular; claws divaricate and 
dilated at base. Males with the first joint of front tarsus more 
broadly dilated and last ventral segment with a deep sinuation each 
side, the space between forming an oval lobe with a finely impressed 
line at middle. Eleven species have been taken in the State, while 
two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEDIONYCHIS. 

a. Antennae stouter, scarcely half the length of body; species larger (4.5 
or more mm.) and more convex; front of head oblique; elytral mar- 
gins not flattened. 
b. Elytra wholly of one color. 

c. Elytra brilliant bine or green; thorax smooth; body beneath en- 
tirely pale. 21S0. gibbitarsa. 
cc. Elytra dull bine or greenish-black ; thorax more or less punctate ; 
body beneath in great part dark. 
<1. Punctures of elytra distinct, often coarse and close; thorax bor- 
dered with pale. 2181. vians. 
chl. Punctures of elytra almost obsolete; thorax black. 

2182. CONCINNA. 

66. Elytra bicolored, either with a pale margin or with stripes on the 
disk, rarely dull reddish-yellow, with the suture black. 
e. Elytra bluish, the margin pale; thorax and elytra coarsely and 
closely punctate. 2183. thoracica. 

ce. Elytra dull yellow, with or without black stripes. 

/. Elytra wholly dull yellow except a sutural black line. 

2184a. var. fimbriata. 

ff. Elytra yellow With dark stripes. 



THE LEAF I3KETLKS. 



11*1 



r/. Three stripes on each elytron, statural, median and submar- 
ginal. 

h. Form oblong-oval; front angles of thorax not dentiform; 
body beneath and legs pale. 21S4. fimbriata. 

hh. Form oval; front angles of thorax dentiform; elytra! dark 
stripes broad. petaukista. 
gg. Two stripes on each elytron, sutural and median; oval or ob- 
long-oval; fourth joint of antennae distinctly longer than 
third. 2185. mi n lata. 

aa. Antennae slender, as long as or longer than half the body; speeies 
smaller (usually less than 4.5 mm.), much depressed; front vertical; 
elytral margins usually flattened. 
L Elytra with narrowly flattened margins ; yellow with an oval discal 
black space ; head yellow ; umbone indistinct. 

2186. THYAMOIDES. 

//. Elytral margins broadly flattened, the epipleune wide and horizontal.. 
j. Elytra broadly oval, sides much curved, coarsely punctate; dirty 
yellow with indistinct black lines. 2187. limbalis. 

jj. Elytra with sides feebly curved or nearly parallel, entirely piceous 
or yellow with piceous spots. 
k. Thorax very coarsely punctured ; elytra with a more or less evi- 
dent costa from the humeri to apex. 2188. sexmaculata. 
kk. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured or smooth ; elytra without 
costa on the side. 

I. Head coarsely and closely punctate ; elytra with base, suture 

and often two spots on each, brown. suturalis. 

II. Plead sparsely punctate or almost smooth. 

m. Smaller, not over 4 mm. ; elytra usually in great part pic- 
eous ; umbone prominent. 2189. quercata. 
mm. Larger, 4.5-5 mm. ; elytra dull yellow ornamented with black 
spots tending to form transverse bands. 

2190. SCALARIS. 

*2180 (6928). (Edionychis gibbitarsa Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
IV, 1824, S3; ibid. II. 225. 
Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head, under surface and 
femora yellow or reddish-yellow ; thorax yellow with four piceous spots, the 
two median ones often more or less confluent; elytra brilliant green or co- 
balt-blue ; tibia?, tarsi and antennae piceous ; scutellum black. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, margins moderately flattened, not translucent. 
Elytra sparsely and indistinctly punctulate. Length 5-7 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent, February 21-September 29. 
Hibernates beneath logs, bark, mullein leaves, etc. Occurs in sum- 
mer on flowers of yarrow, wild hydrangea and other plants. The 
only blue specimens taken were in Lake County. 



1182 



FAMILY LIU. — CHRYS0MELIM3. 



♦2181 (6932). CEdionychis vians 111., Mag. fur Insect.. VI, 1807, 83. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, usually 
with a slight violet or greenish lustre; thorax red- 
dish-yellow with an inverted W-shaped black spot 
(var. scripticolUs Say) or with a large transverse 
discal spot, so that the margins only are pale ; tip 
and sides of abdomen yellowish. Antennas about 
half the length of body, third joint longer than 
fourth. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, nar- 
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, angles promi- 
nent ; surface finely alutaceous, rather coarsely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra a little wider at base Fig " 516 ' x 5 " (0ri s inal ) 
than thorax, surface alutaceous, closely and finely punctate. Length 4.5- 
7 mm. (Fig. 516.) 

Throughout the State; frequent, February 14-October 6. Hi- 
bernates with the preceding. 

2181a (6932a). CEdionychis vians sceipticollis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., IV, 1824, 84 ; ibid. II, 226. 
Form and general appearance of vians. The head has a transverse 
reddish spot between the eyes and another smaller one at the base of each 
antenna; thorax with the black discal spot in the shape of an inverted W. 
Elytral punctures distinctly coarser, deeper and more dense. Length 6- 
7 mm. 

lake and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 14- June 12. Horn 
makes this a synonym of vians, but the different punctuation of the 
elytra is sufficient to make of it at least a distinct variety. 

2182 (6932c). CEdionychis concinna Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1S01, 499. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex, feebly shining. Black, except the ely- 
tra, which are dark blue or with a greenish tinge; tip and sides of abdo- 
men yellowish. Antenna? not half the length of body, third joint longer 
than fourth. Thorax twice as wide at base as long, sides straight or feebly 
curved; base deeply sinuate near hind angles, which are prominent; surface 
alutaceous, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, sparsely 
and very finely punctate. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. May 21. Recorded before only from Geor- 
gia and Texas. 

2183 (6935). CEdionychis thoracica Fabr.. Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 498. 
Broadly ovate, feebly convex. Head, thorax and under surface red- 
dish-yellow ; thorax with seven black dots forming a curved front row and 
three just behind them, these often more or less confluent ; elytra dark 
blue with a narrow margin on basal half and epipleurae reddish-yellow ; an- 
tennae and tarsi piceous, the former half as long as body, third and fourth 
joints equal. Thorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, sides nearly 
straight, angles acute; disk rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra 
a little wider at base than thorax, surface rather coarsely and densely 
punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Southern half of State: scarce. April 15-October 1. Often 
taken on the wing-. 




THE LEAP BEETLES. 



1183 



2184 (693(5). CEdionychis fimbkiata Forst., Nov. Sp. Ins., I, 1771, 25. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex, feebly shining. Dull reddish-yellow ; 
thorax with five pieeous spots, usually more or less confluent; elytra with 
only a narrow sutural line black, or with three pieeous stripes, with inter- 
grades ; femora and under surface, except the metasternum, reddish-yellow ; 
antenna?, tibia? and tarsi pieeous. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, 
feebly narrowed to front, margins narrow, surface finely alutaceous, rather 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, surface 
closely punctate, more finely at apex. Length 5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 517, a.) 

Lake and Dubois counties; rare. May 13-May 21. Taken by 
sweeping herbage. 




Fig. 517. a, CEdionychis fimbriata; b, 0. miniata; c and d, 0. quercata and variety. (After Horn.) 



0. petanrista Fabr., length 5.5-8.5 mm., ranges from North Car- 
olina to Texas and has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

*2185 (6939). CEdionychis miniata Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1S01, 495. 

Oval, slightly oblong, convex, feebly shining. Reddish-brown beneath, 
dull yellow above; thorax with a transverse brownish spot; elytra with a 
sutural and each with a median diseal stripe blackish ; antennge, except the 
base, front and middle tibial, and all the tarsi, pieeous. Thorax three times 
as wide as long, sides curved and narrowed to the front ; disk sparsely and 
finely punctate. Elytra variably, usually finely and rather closely, punc- 
tate. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 517, &.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. February 14-Oetober 1. Hi- 
bernates beneath rubbish in sandy localities. Taken in May by 
sweeping. 

2186 (6941). CEdionychis thyamoides Crotch, Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1873, 63. 

Oval, subdepressed, moderately shining. Above pale yellow ; elytra with 
a broad, oval, common spot, black, tinged with greenish; under surface and 
legs reddish-yellow ; head yellow, sparsely punctate. Antenna? longer than 
half the body, pieeous. three or four basal joints paler. Thorax twice as 
wide as long, distinctly broader at base than apex, margins broadly flat- 
tened; disk finely alutaceous, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra 

[75—23402] 



1184 FAMILY On. CHRYSOMEODiE. 

with humeri rounded, margins narrowly flattened, surface coarsely and 
closely punctate. Length 4^.5 mm. (Fig. 51S, d.) 

Southern half of State ; frequent, April 11- June 14. Taken by 
sweeping and beating low shrubs along roadsides. The black discal 
space of elytra is sometimes so narrow as to occupy but half the 
space between the suture and margin. More often it is so broad as 
to leave only a pale margin and the species then resembles closely 
0. quercata. The more oval form, indistinct umbone and paler 
under surface will serve to distinguish it from the latter. 




Fig. 518. a, (Edionychis suturalis; b, same var.; c, 0. limbaiis; d, 0. thyamoides. (After Horn.) 

2187 (6945b). (Edionychis limbalis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1847, 162. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull brownish-yellow ; elytra each with 
four narrow fuscous or piceous lines or stripes as follows : one sutural. not 
reaching base, a second each side Of scutellum. extending nearly to middle : 
a third slightly oblique, extending from umbone two-thirds to apex, and 
a fourth short one reaching from the umbone parallel with the side mar- 
gin ; these stripes may be one or all absent, or rarely all confluent into a 
large discal piceous space ; head pale, sparsely punctate. Antenme longer 
than half the body, fuscous, the basal joints paler, third and fourth equal. 
Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, margins broadly flattened, front 
angles not dentiform, surface alutaceous. sparsely and obsoletely punctate. 
Elytra broadly oval, umbone moderately prominent ; surface rather coarsely 
and closely punctate. Length 3.5-5 mm. (Fig. 518, c.) 

Throughout the State, frequent ; much more so in the northern 
counties. May 12-July 11. Taken by sweeping 
and beating foliage, especially that of oak. Listed 
by Henshaw as a variety of quercata, but distinct. 

21S8 (6944). (Edionychis sexmacvlata 111.. Mag. fur 

Insect.. VI. 1807, 104. 

Oblong-oval, depressed, subopaque. Above reddish or 

brownish-yellow marked with piceous as follows : spot on 

occiput, an indistinct irregular space on thorax, a broad 

common band behind the middle and three spots on each 
Fig. 519. x 7. 1 
(Original.) elytron, viz.. one at umbone. a second near the side mar- 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1 L85 



gins and one between these near the suture, the latter set obliquely so as to 
form with its mate a V; middle of under surface piceous ; antennas and legs 
dul] yellow. Thorax twice as wide as Ion- margins widely flattened; sur- 
face alntaceoiis, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra a little wider at 
base than thorax; disk coarsely, deeply and father closely punctate and 
with a distinct raised eosta extending from umbone nearly to apex. Length 
3-4 mm. (Fig. 519.) 

Southern half of State, common ; much less so in the northern 
counties. May 11-July 6. Taken by beating oak and sifting woody 
debris. 

0. suturalis Fab. (Figs. 518, a&b), pale yellow with brown spots 
as shown in figure, length 3.5-4 mm., is a southern form which may 
occur in the Lower Austral life zone of the State. 
2189 (6945). CEdionychis quercata Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 495. 

Oval, depressed. Front of head, thorax, legs, epipleurse and narrow 
margin of elytra yellow ; disk of elytra and under surface piceous. An- 
tennae longer than half the body, outer joints piceous. Thorax more than 
twice as wide as long, margin widely flattened, front angles dentiform ; sur- 
face finely alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra not wider 
at base than thorax, umbone distinct, sulcate within; surface finely but 
distinctly and rather closely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 517, c 
and d.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-June 18. Occurs on 
oak, red-haw and other foliage. Mating June 7. The sides of ely- 
tra are more parallel than in thyamoides and the next. 






Fig. 520. CEdionychis scalaris and its varieties. (After Horn.) 

2190 (6946). GEdionychis scalakis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ill 
1847, 163. 

Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. Above dull yellow ; occiput piceous ; 
thorax with a brown or piceous spot each side, sometimes merged to form 
a discal space ; elytra with three broad, black, common crossbars, confluent 
along the suture, these sometimes broken into spots; under surface piceous 
legs pale. Thorax as in quercata. Elytra not wider at base than thorax' 
umbone distinct, surface rather coarsely punctate near base, smoother at 
tip. Length 4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 520.) 

Lake, Marion, Knox, Posey and Dubois counties; scarce. April 
19-July 9. Occurs on the foliage of plants along marshes. The 
black of elytra varies much in extent, the spots or crossbars being 
sometimes so merged as to cover nearly the entire surface. 



1186 



FAMILY Lttl. CHRYSOMELID.E. 



LII. Disonycha Cliev. 1834. (Gi\, "two + claw.") 

Oblong or oval beetles of medium size, having the head inserted 
as far as the eyes, front with distinct carina and two tubercles; 

antenna? slender, rarely 
longer than half the 
body, the fourth joint 
longer than third, ex- 
cept in the species with 
blue elytra, where the 
two joints are equal ; 
thorax as wide at base as 
elytra , narrowed in 
front, sides obliquely 
sinuate, disk convex 
without transverse basal 
depression; elytra ob- 
long or oval, the epi- 
pleur^e gradually nar- 
rower from base ; front 
coxal cavities open be- 
hind ; hind thighs much 
enlarged, grooved be- 
neath ; tibia? more or less 
bisulcate on outer face, 
terminated by a moder- 

Fig. 521. Disonycha irimgidaris jSay. X 10. (After Forbes.) j i'&tG Spur ; first joint of 

hind tarsi as long as the next two ; claws dilated at base. The males 
have the last ventral segment truncate, the pygidium vertical and 
convex ; in the females the last ventral is oval and the pygidium 
horizontal. 

The species feed upon herbs of various kinds and often do much 
damage to sugar beets and allied plants. They feign death when 
disturbed, falling to the ground, where they remain quiet for sev- 
eral minutes. Of the 18 species ascribed to the genus by Horn, 
eleven have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DISONYCHA. 

a. Form elongate, parallel; elytra yellow with black stripes, subsulcate on 
the sides: thorax with an irregular impression each side. 

2191. PEN NS YLVANICA. 

aa. Form more or less oval: elytra not subsulcate; thorax regularly con- 
vex. 

1). Elytra with black and yellow stripes, or yellow with only a narrow 
sutural and suhmarginal black line. 





THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1187 



c. Elytra with a submarginal black stripe. 
d. Abdomen densely and finely punctured, subopaque and clothed 
with distinct pubescence. 
e. Head coarsely punctured from side to side ; occiput piceous or 
brown. 2192. quinquevittata. 

ce. Head smooth at middle. 

/. Discal black stripes of elytra narrower than yellow one each 
side; head and body beneath always pale yellow; labrum 

Pale. 2193. CAROLINIANA. 

//. Discal black stripes of elytra as wide or wider than the yel- 
low one each side; head and metasternum usually more 
or less fuscous or piceous ; labrum piceous. 

2194. CRENICOLLIS. 

dd. Abdomen very sparsely punctured and shining, its pubescence 
scarcely visible ; thorax smooth ; head rough ; epipleurse black. 

2195. GLABRATA. 

cc. Elytra without a submarginal black stripe, the median stripe 
broad; thorax without spots. 2196. abbreviata. 

bl). Elytra without black and yellow stripes. 

g. Elytra reddish, with a large discal black spot. 2197. discoidea. 
gg. Elytra blackish-blue or green. 

h. Body beneath and legs entirely black; thorax with three spots 
arranged in a triangle ; elytra punctate. 2198. triangularis. 
hh. Body beneath and legs, in part at least, yellow. 

i. Hind femora entirely or in part piceous ; abdomen alone wholly 
yellow ; elytra blue-black ; head wholly piceous. 

2199. XANTHOMEL3LNA. 

ii. Hind femora entirely yellow; abdomen piceous, its apex and 
sides yellow ; head bicolored. 
j. Elytra blue or violet ; body oval. 2200. mellicollis. 

:/./*. Elytra bright green ; form more oblong. 2201. collata. 

2191 (6950). Disonycha Pennsylvania Illig., Mag. fur Insect., VI. 1S07, 
146. 

Oblong, nearly parallel. Head black, front yellow; thorax pale yellow, 
usually with three black spots, the central one larger, truncate in front, 
gradually narrowed behind ; elytra whitish-yellow with the suture, a sub- 
marginal stripe and a median stripe not reaching the apex, black ; antenna? 
and under surface, except the presternum and sides of abdomen, black; 
femora reddish-yellow, tibia? and tarsi usually black or piceous. Thorax 
more than twice as wide as long, side margins rather wide, surface shining, 
nearly smooth. Elytra alutaceous, sparsely and finely but distinctly punc- 
tate, and in the female often feebly sulcate between the discal stripes. 
Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, common; more so in the northern coun- 
ties. February 1.1-October 29. Occurs on sedges and mints in 
moist meadows. Hibernates beneath cover along the borders of 
marshes and lakes. 

The common form, as above described, was named uniguttata 



1188 FAMILY LIII. CHR YSOMELID JE . 

by Say. Along the margin of a cypress swamp in Knox County 
there occurs a distinct variety, which differs from that above men- 
tioned in having the head, antennae, legs and under surface (except 
the tip of abdomen) wholly black; thorax with only the median 
spot present; elytra with the black stripes proportionately wider, 
the disk not alutaceous, strongly bisnlcate along the median stripe 
and very minutely and indistinctly punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. 
As the fauna about the swamp is largely Austroriparian in char- 
acter, this may be the form mentioned by Horn (p. 203 of his 
Synopsis) as occurring in Florida and Louisiana. According to 
Knab, it is the typical pennsylvanica as described by Illiger. 

2192 (6949). Disonycha quinquevittata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Ill, 1824, S5 ; ibid. II, 227. 
Oblong-oval. Head yellow, occiput piceous ; thorax yellow with nor- 
mally Ave rounded black spots arranged in a front row of two and a hind 
one of three, often with only the two-spot row present ; elytra yellow with 
a narrow sutural stripe, a submarginal line, often incomplete at base and 
not joining the sutural at apex, and a narrow median stripe (often want- 
ing), black; antennae piceous, the under side of the first three joints pale; 
under surface and legs reddish-yellow, the metasternum and tarsi piceous. 
Thorax twice as wide as long, front angles distinctly prominent, disk very 
finely and sparsely punctured and usually with a slight umbone on the 
outer dark spot. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, surface finely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 0-9 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the northern counties; Vigo 
and Clay only in the south. May 6-September 7. In Lake and 
Porter counties the form with the discal black stripe lacking occurs 
in numbers in the sand dune region on the leaves and flowers of a 
dwarf willow and the quaking asp. Almost all those from the 
northern part of the State are of this variety, while those from the 
south have the normal elytra] markings. Listed as alternata Illig. 

2193 (6948). Disonycha caroliniana Fabr., Syst. Ent, 1775, 122. 

Oval, slightly narrower in front. Head and thorax yellow, the latter 
with two piceous spots of variable size (rarely absent) on apical half; ely- 
tra yellow with a narrow sutural stripe and a marginal line not covering 
the- edge, black, these rarely united at apex; also with a median dark stripe 
narrower than the yellow spaces each side and not reaching apex ; antenna 4 
piceous, the under side of tbree basal joints pale ; under surface and legs 
reddish-yellow, the tarsi and tips of tibiae piceous. Thorax convex, more 
than twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins narrow; surface 
smooth, polished or very indistinctly and sparsely punctured. Elytra scarcely 
wider at base than thorax, surface very finely alutaceous, finely and sparsely 
punctured. Length 5.5-0.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 21. One in Webster collection la- 
belled "Ind." 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1 189 



2194 (10,416). Disonycha crenicollis Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, 1835, 

200; ibid. II. 668. 

Very similar to caroliniana. Head with occiput usually in pari pic- 
eous; thorax reddish-yellow with three piceous spots, arranged in a tri- 
angle, the front pair larger; elytra as in caroliniana, the median black 
stripe as wide or wider than the yellow one each side, the sutural and mar- 
ginal ones joining at tip. Thorax not more than twice as wide as long, its 
surface, as well as that of elytra, more distinctly alutaceous and more evi- 
dently punctate than in caroliniana. Length 5-6 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. February 21-March 18. Hibernates be- 
neath partly buried logs in open woods. 

2195 (0951). Disonycha glabrata Fabr.. Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 150. 
Oblong-oval, surface very shining, as if varnished. 

Head often entirely black except the front, sometimes 
nearly wholly yellow; thorax yellow, usually with a 
narrow median spot, sometimes an indistinct spot each 
side; elytra yellow, the suture, margins and a median 
stripe black: under surface and legs usually yellow, 
tips of tibiae and. tarsi, and sometimes the hind por- 
tion of metasternum, piceous. Thorax more than twice 
as wide as long, margins narrow, surface smooth, shin- 
ing. Elytra a little, wider at base than thorax, very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm. (Fig. 
522.) (Original.) 

Throughout the State, common ; more so in the southern coun- 
ties. April 6— July 8. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage, espe- 
cially the pigweed, Amafantus rctroflexus L. Resembles pennsyl- 
ranica, but smaller and more shining. The black median stripe of 
each elytron is distinctly wider than the yellow ones each side. 

2196 (0954). Disonycha abbreviata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

Ill, 1847, 103. 

Oval, slightly oblong. Head, thorax, scutelluin, under surface and 
femora, reddish-yellow ; elytra paler yellow with a sutural stripe and a 
median one on each, both rather wide, black; antennas piceous, the two 
basal joints and the apical one paler ; tibiae and tarsi yellow, with a black 
line on outer side. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed in 
front, sides curved, margins narrow, surface smooth. Elytra slightly wider 
at base than thorax, umbone distinct, surface finely alutaceous. very finely 
and sparsely punctate. Length 0-8.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. April 9-September 29. Prob- 
able hibernates, as most of the specimens were taken beneath logs in 
the spring. 

2197 (0955). Disonycha discoidea Fab., Syst. Ent., II, 1798, 25. 

Oval, slightly depressed. Reddish-yellow; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi 
piceous; elytra with a broad oval sutural spot black, shining. Thorax 




1190 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIME. 



twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, margins narrow ; disk convex, 
smooth, shining. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, humeri almost ob- 
literated ; surface distinctly, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 
5.5-7 mm. 

Dubois, Crawford and Spencer counties ; scarce. May 10-June 
22. Swept from low herbs along roadsides and from flowers of wild 
hydrangea. Horn gives its range as North Carolina to Texas. A 
member of the Austroriparian fauna. 

2198 (6957). Disonycha triangularis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
IV, 1821, 81 ; ibid. II. 226. 

Oval, rather depressed. Black ; thorax above and beneath yellow, with 
the front pair of spots round, the hind one linear ; elytra with a faint 
bluish tinge ; antennae piceous, the three basal joints pale beneath. Tho- 
rax more than twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins very 
narrow, surface alutaceous, rather finely, not closely punctate. Elytra a 
little wider at base than thorax, surface rather closely but distinctly punc- 
tate. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 521.) 

Throughout the State, frequent ; more so in the northern coun- 
ties. April 17-October 23. Occurs beneath logs in spring. Adults 
said to be injurious to beets and spinach. Occurs especially on 
Chenopodium and other herbs in moist places. 



*2199 (6958). Disonycha xanthome! 



.• J J J'ig. 523. X.10. (After Forbes.)] ®SZ 

chickweed, Stellaria. Listed as cot 



„ena Dalm., Analecta Ent., 1S23, 79. 
Resembles the preceding but 
usually smaller and more oblong. 
Thorax entirely yellow ; elytra 
black with faint greenish tinge; 
abdomen wholly yellow, nieso- 
and metasterna black; femora 
usually yellow on basal half, 
sometimes wholly black; tibiae 
and tarsi piceous. Thorax not 
twice as wide as long, surface al- 
most smooth. Elytra wider at 
base than thorax, surface finely 
alutaceous, obsoletely and very 
finely punctate. Length 4.5- 
5.5 mm. (Eig. 523.) 

Throughout the State; fre- 
quent. February 14-Novem- 
ber 8. Hibernates beneath 
mullein leaves and rubbish. 
Known as the "spinach flea- 
beetle" on account of its in- 
jury to that plant. Feeds 
^also on Chenopodium and 
llaris Fabr. 




THE LEAF BEETLES. 



2200 (6958c). Disonycha mellicollis Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. I, L835, 
199 ; ibid. II, G6S. 

Resembles closely the preceding. Differs by having the head blue-black 
and coarsely punctured between tiie eyes, the front yellow ; femora entirely 
yellow; abdomen piceous at middle, with the apical segment and wide side 
margins yellowish. The elytra are sometimes nearly black, mere often with 
a distinct bluish tinge. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Vigo, Marion, Perry and Posey counties, scarce; probably 
throughout the southern half of State. February 8-November 17. 
Hibernates beneath logs in low, moist places. 

*2201 (695Sa). Disonycha cotxata Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 463. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Vertex and occiput black with faint green- 
ish tinge, front yellow ; thorax yellow above and beneath, without spots; 
elytra blue-green, shining; metasternum black; abdomen piceous, the last 
segment and the sides broadly yellowish ; femora pale yellow, tibia? at tips 
and tarsi piceous. Thorax and elytra very finely alutaceous, the former 
minutely and sparsely punctate; the latter with tine, distinct, sparsely 
placed punctures. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Fulton, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 6-July 31. 
Hibernates with the preceding, which it closely resembles. Distin- 
guished by its smaller size, more elongate form and more distinctly 
punctured elytra. 

LIII. Longitarsus Latr. 1829. (NL., " long + tarsus. ") 

This and the three succeeding genera belong to a group, Aph- 
thonce of the Iiattieini, having the form oval; antenna? 11- jointed; 
front coxal cavities open behind; thorax without trace of basal im- 
pressions; hind tibia- grooved, at least near the apex, and ter- 
minated by a rather long spur; hind tarsi with last joint not in- 
flated, the claws simple. The members of the genus Longitarsus are 
very small oval or oblong convex species, usually uniform dull yel- 
low, brownish or piceous in hue, with the elytral punctures much 
confused; tarsi slender, the first joint of the hind pair nearly or 
fully half the length of tibiae and as long as all the following joints 
united. The following species have been taken in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LONGITARSUS. 

a. Antennas with joints 2, 3 and 4 successively longer ; inner wings always 
present. 

0. Reddish-yellow, shining; thorax very plainly broader than long; punc- 
tuation distinct. 2202. subruffs. 



1192 



FAMILY LIII. C II ft YSO MELIDiE . 



hh. Brownish or piceous, with a faint bronzed lustre; punctures of elytra 
in vague rows. 2203. turbattjs. 

aa. Antennas with joints 2. 3 and 4 of equal length, or with the fourth not 
longer than second, 
c. Surface entirely shining, not alutaceous ; elytral punctures rather 
coarse ; form robust ; humeri well marked. 
il. Color reddish-brown ; form oblong-oval ; legs pale. 

2204. A LTERNATUS. 

ild. Color piceous, shining; form shorter, oval; legs piceous. 

2205. ERRO. 

cc. Surface more or less distinctly alutaceous; form rather elongate; 
humeri not prominent, 
c. Color pale reddish-yellow ; elytra not shining, the punctures very 
indistinct. 2206. testaceus. 

cc. Color dark reddish-yellow to piceous; elytra shining, the punctures 
coarse and well marked. 2207. melanurus. 

2202 (7011). Longitarsus subrufus Lee, Col. Kan., 1859, 26. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Reddish-yellow, shining; antennae and legs pale 

reddish-yellow, the outer five joints of former and hind femora slightly 
darker. Thorax one-third wider than long, not narrowed in front; disk 
convex, shining, very sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra wider at base 
than thorax, umbone rather prominent ; disk convex, punctures rather fine, 
not closely placed. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Vigo County; common locally on the stems and leaves of the 
false gromwell, Onosmodium carolinianum DC. June 15. De- 
scribed and known heretofore only from Kansas. Our largest spe- 
cies of the genus. 

2203 (10,434). Longitarsus turbatus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVI, 

1889, 279. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Piceous or chestnut-brown, feebly bronzed ; an- 
tenme piceous, the four basal joints pale; front and middle legs and hind 
tibiae yellowish ; hind femora brown. Thorax nearly one-half wider than 
long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, surface smooth or 
nearly so ; basal marginal line wanting. Elytra wider at base than thorax, 
umbone distinct, punctures rather coarse and close. Length 2.5 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Dubois counties; scarce. May 12-June 11. 
Resembles melanurus, but differs in the length of basal antennal 
joints, in the surface not being at all alutaceous, and in the much 
more prominent shoulders. 

2204 (7015). Longitarsus alternatus Zieg.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

II, 1846, 271. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dark brick-red, shining. Antenna 
three-fourths the length of body, piceous. the four basal joints paler. Tho- 
rax one-third wider than long, sides curved; disk convex, nearly smooth 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



11!):; 



except along the base, where there are a few fine punctures. Elytra wider 
at base than thorax, umbone feeble; punctures coarse, much confused, finer 
near the sides. Length 2.5 mm. 

Taken only near Pine, Lake County, where it occurs beneath 
clumps of the prickly pear cactus. May 15-May 20. 

2205 (10.442). Longitarsus erro Horn, Trans. Amer. Fait. Soc, XVI, 18S9, 
284. 

Oval, convex, rather robust. Ficeous, shining: antenna? black, the basal 
joints piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long, not narrowed in front, 
sides nearly straight; disk very finely and sparsely punctate, the apical 
region and a broad median space without punctures. Elytra wider at base 
than thorax, umbone prominent, surface coarsely and rather closely punc- 
tate. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 14. A member of the boreal fauna, 
described from "White Fish Point, Lake Superior. 

*2206 (7008). Longitarsus testaceus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1S47, 160. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull brownish-yellow, surface finely 
alutaceous and with a greasy aspect ; antenna? and legs pale brownish-yel- 
low. Thorax one-third wider than long, not narrowed in front ; disk mod- 
erately convex, very distinctly alutaceous, finely, sparsely and indistinctly 
punctate. Elytra very little wider at base, than thorax, umbone distinct, 
not prominent; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 10-November 28. 
Hibernates beneath logs, mullein leaves, etc. Taken by sifting in 
early spring and autumn and by sweeping roadside herbage. 

2207 (7007). Longitarsus melanurus Melsh., Proc Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1847, 166. 
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. 
Dark reddish-brown to piceous, alu- 
taceous, shining; antennae reddish- 
brown, apical half darker ; front and 
middle legs dull yellow, hind femora 
brown. Thorax slightly wider than 
long, not narrowed in front, sides fee- 
bly curved; disk convex, slightly wrin- 
kled near base, sparsely and rather 
coarsely punctured. Elytra evidently 
wider at base than thorax, umbone dis- 
tinct, the punctures coarse, deep and 
rather close. Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 
524. ) 

mi fig. 524. X 12. (After Forbes.) 

Ihroughout the State, frequent 
in the southern portion; rare in the northern counties. March 20- 
July 8. Taken by beating and sweeping roadside vegetation. 




1194 



FAMILY LI II. CHRYSOMELID.E. 



LIV. Glyptina Lec. 1859. (Gr., "sculptured.") 




Fig. 525. Glyptina brunnea Horn. X 25. (After Forbes.) 



and acute at tip ; tarsal claws simple, 
recognized by Horn probably occur in the State 



Small oblong or oval, 
dull yellow or blue and yel- 
low species, resembling 
Longitarsus in general ap- 
pearance, but having the 
elytral punctures in dis- 
tinct rows on base and 
sides, often confused at 
tip ; the first joint of hind 
tarsi not more than one- 
third the length of tibia?; 
antenna? slender, as long as 
half the body, first joint 
cylindrical, second conical, 
more than half the length 
of first, joints 3 to 7 gradu- 
ally increasing in length, 
8 to 10 shorter, 11th longer 
Four of the seven species 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GLYPTINA. 

a. Elytra yellowish or reddish-yellow. 

1). Striae on sides of elytra, especially the ninth, deeper than those of 
the disk; body beneath brown. (Fig. 525.) brunnea. 
bl). Striae on sides faint ; body beneath brownish-piceous, very rarely 
pale. 2208. spuria. 

aa. Elytra bine, with metallic lustre ; head and thorax reddish-yellow. 

c. Thorax somewhat wrinkled, vaguely punctate ; elytral stria? much 
confused at apex. 2209. bicolor. 

cc. Thorax smooth, or very finely and sparsely punctate ; elytral stria? 
entire, not confused. 2210. cyanipennis. 

Glyptina brunnea Horn, reddish-brown, legs and antenna? paler, 
length 1.8-2 mm., is known from Wisconsin, Georgia and Texas. 

2208 (7016). Glyptina spuria Lec, Col. Kan., 1859, 2G. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Above pale brownish-yellow, shining ; 
beneath piceous; antenna? reddish-yellow, outer joints darker; legs pale. 
Thorax one-half wider than long, not narrower in front, sides obliquely 
truncate near front angles and ungulate in front of middle ; disk rather 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider at base than tho- 
rax, feebly striate, the stria? coarsely and closely punctate ; intervals wider 
than stria?, slightly convex, each with a row of minute punctures. Length 
1.5-1.7 mm. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



111).-) 



Throughout the State ; common. March 20-July 2. Taken by 
sifting in early spring and later by sweeping roadside herbage. 

2200 (10,440). Glyptina bicolor Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Hoc, XVI, 1889, 
280. 

Oblong-oval, somewhat narrowed in front, convex. Head, thorax and 
legs pale reddish-brown; elytra rather dark metallic blue; under surface 
piceous; antennae with basal joint brown, next three reddish-yellow, outer 
joints piceous. Thorax one-third wider than long, narrower at apex, the 
punctures tine and very indistinct. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, 
with regular rows of coarse, deep, rather close-set punctures, except at 
apex. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Lake and Martin counties; frequent in the former, scarce in 
latter. April 30-July 30. 

2210 (7018). Glyptina cyanipennis Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873, 65. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Resembles the preceding in color, the antennae 
but little darker towards tip. Thorax as in bicolor, the front angles more 
obliquely truncate, sides angulate in front of middle; disk with a few fine, 
scattered punctures. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, umbone 
feeble; striae rather coarsely and closely punctured; intervals slightly con- 
vex, punctate as in bicolor. Length 2 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. April 18-June 3. Known heretofore from 
Florida and Texas. Beaten from foliage of the Virginia creeper 
(Parthenocissus quinquefolia L.) 

LV. Aphthona Chev. 1834. (Gr., " superabundant.") 

This genus is represented in Indiana by a very small, oblong- 
oval, reddish-brown species, having the antenna? rather stout, longer 
than half the body, third joint more slender and a little longer than 
second, 4 to 7 gradually longer, 8 to 10 slightly shorter, 11th sud- 
denly constricted and acute at tip ; apex of hind tibiae modified as 
mentioned in generic key. 

2211 (6002). Aphthona insolita Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 

1847, 168. 

Oval, the elytra nearly quadrate, convex. Brownish-red, strongly shin- 
ing; sixth to ninth joints of antennae fuscous, the others dull yellow. Tho- 
rax one-fourth wider than long, not narrowed in front, front angles obliquely 
truncate, sides nearly straight, with distinct angulation in front of middle ; 
disk smooth and polished. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, 
humeri and umbones prominent, surface with faint rows of very minute 
punctures. Length 2 mm, 

Dubois and Posey counties; rare. April 12-May 13. Beaten 
from Indian currant, Symphorioarpus vulgaris, Michx. 



1196 



FAMILY Lin. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 



LVI. Phyllotheta Cliev. 1831. (Gr. ? "leaf + bore.") 

Small elongate -oval or oblon^-oval subconvex species, separated 
from allied genera by characters pertaining to the hind tibiae as 
mentioned in the generic key. They have the head small, deeply 
inserted in the thorax: antennas half as long as body, or slightly 
longer : thorax broader than long and somewhat narrowed in front : 
elytra oval, the humeri never prominent, usually marked with a 
yellowish Avhite sinuous stripe: first joint of hind tarsus about one- 
third the length of tibiae and equal to the other three: claws simple. 
The males have the last ventral more or less impressed at tip. The 
following species have been taken or should occur in the State. 
All feed upon cruciferous plants, both cultivated and wild: 




Fig. 526. a, Antenna of Phyttotreta alkei, male: b, P. robusta and antenna of male; c, P. sinuata and an 
tenna of male; d, P. vittata and antenna of male; e, antenna of female of P. robusta, sinuata and vittata; f, an- 
tenna, male and female of picta, bipwstulata, etc. (After Horn.) 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE PHYLLOTEETA. 

a. Fifth joint of antennas longer than either the fourth or sixth; the male 
with the fifth joint always, and sometimes the fourth, thickened and 
elongate. 

l>. Elytra piceous. without stripes; sixth joint of male antennae as long 
as the fourth and cylindrical. (Fig. 526, a.) elkei. 
6&. Elytra piceous, each with a yellowish stripe. 

c. Elytral stripe narrower ; lower angle of fifth joint not prolonged. 
d. Stripes of elytra parallel with the suture on the basal half. 
(Fig. 526, c.) 2212. sixeata. 

dd. Stripes of elytra incurved at base, approaching the scutellum. 
(Fig. 526. d.) 2213. vittata. 

cc. Elytral stripe broad, at its apical third reaching side, apex and 
suture ; lower angle of fifth antennal joint distinctly prolonged. 
(Fig. 526. It.) 2214. bobesta. 

(7(7. Fifth joint of antennae never longer than sixth; antennas not different 
in the sexes, the joints gradually but slightly stouter from second to 
tip. (Fig. 526. /.) 
e. Elytra black and yellow. 

f. Elytra each with two oval yellow spots, one on humerus, the other 
subapical. 2215. bipestelata. 

ft. Elytra dull yellow with a common sutural stripe and narrow mar- 
ginal line, black. 2216. abmobacee. 
ee. Elytra unicolorous. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



L197 



g. Elytra bluish-green, .metallic ; bead and thorax brighj reddish-yel- 
low. 2217. picta. 
gg. Elytra and thorax black or piceous, with or without metallic lustre. 
li. Elytra with tine and coarse punctures, the latter arranged in 
rows near the suture and within the humeri. 

221S. ^ENEICOLLIS. 

Jili. Elytra uniformly punctate. 

i. Color black; thorax alutaceous. lindahli. 

ii. Color dark blue; thorax not alutaceous. 2219. lewisii. 

P. tilkei Horn, piceous-black, shining, leas, except the hind 
femora, reddish-brown, length 2.5 mm., was described from Ohio. 

*2212 (7022). Phyllotbeta sinuata Steph., Illust. Brit. Entom., IV, 297. 

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous, shining ; elytra each with a nar- 
row, dull yellow stripe, parallel with the suture at base, and with a short, 
broad branch behind the humerus, the apical third strongly sinuate; an- 
tenna 1 piceous, the three or four basal joints paler. Thorax nearly twice 
as wide at base as long, distinctly narrowed in front ; disk convex, surface 
finely alutaceous, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly 
wider than thorax, w r ith the punctures coarser and more close-set than on 
the latter. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 526, c.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 19-November 1. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Taken by sifting in early spring and late autumn 
and by beating hickory and sweeping grass in summer. 

2213 (7023). Phyllotbeta vittata Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 469. 
Smaller than sinuata and with the yellow stripe of elytra narrow at 

middle, incurved at base, broader and slightly incurved at tip ; legs piceous, 
tibiae and tarsi brownish-yellow. In the males the fourth joint of antennae 
is broader than the third, fifth a little broader and nearly equal in length 
to third, whereas in sinuata the fourth is much broader than the third, and 
the fifth longer than the two preceding together and much dilated. Length 
2 mm. (Fig. 526, d.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 12-Sept ember 25. Taken 
by sifting and sweeping. Occurs on cabbage and other cruciferous 
plants, as the turnip- radish, mustard, shepherd's purse, pepper 
grass, etc. 

2214 ( 7031). Phyllotbeta bobusta Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1S7S, 614. 
Oblong-oval, similar in form and size to vittata. Piceous, shining; ely- 
tra each with a broad yellowish stripe parallel with the suture for most of 
its length, dilated at base to form a broad process behind humerus and in- 
curved towards scutellum. the apical third broadly expanded. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Elytra slightly 
wider and more coarsely punctured at base than thorax, more finely punc- 
tured towards apex. Fourth and fifth antenna 1 joints of male much broader 
than third, the fifth as long as the two preceda g. its apical free angle pro- 
longed. Length 2 mm. (Fig. 52^ r.) 



1198 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIME. 



Lake County 
land, Colorado. 



rare. May 12-May 30. Described from Gar- 




2215 (7026). 



Syst. 



PlIYLLOTRETA BIPUSTULATA Fabr. 

Eleut., I, 1801, 464. 
Oblong-oval, rather robust. Piceous without me- 
tallic lustre ; elytra each with a large oval humeral 
spot, touching base but not including the umbone, and 
a subapical more elongate and narrower spot, yellow ; 
I antennae piceous, the basal five joints paler ; legs red- 
dish-yellow, the hind femora darker beneath. Thorax 
one-third wider than long; disk finely alutaceous, 
rather finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra distinctly 
wider at base than thorax and with coarser punctures. 
Length 2-2,5 mm. (Fig. 527.) 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in 
Kg. 527. (After Chittenden the southern counties. April 14-July 13. Taken 

in Bull. 33, N. Ser., U. S. , . . . 

Div. Ent.) by sweeping and sitting. 



2216 ( 



•) 



PHYLLOTEETA AKMORACIiE IvOCll, 

Ent. Heft., II, 1803, 75. 
Elongate-oval, convex. Head, thorax and 
under surface black, shining; elytra dull yel- 
low, with a common sutural stripe and very 
narrow side and apical margins, black ; an- 
tennae and femora piceous, the basal three 
joints of former and tibiae and tarsi dull 
brownish-yellow. Thorax one-third wider 
than long, sides curved and rounded to apex ; 
surface finely and sparsely, that of elytra 
more coarsely and densely, punctate. Length 
3-3.5 mm. (Fig. 528.) 

A recently introduced European spe- 
cies, several specimens of which have 
been taken by Wolcott in the washup of 
Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake County. 
May 28. From its specific name T judge that it preys upon horse- 
radish. 

2217 (7019). Phyllotreta ficta Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, 
1824, 87 ; ibid. II, 228. 
Oval, slightly oblong, feebly convex. Head and thorax pale reddish- 
yellow ; elytra bright bluish-green, shining ; antennae pale, the outer joints 
fuscous ; abdomen and metasternum piceous ; legs yellowish, the hind fe- 
mora often darker. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, surface very 
finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctured. Elytra slightly wider at base 
than thorax, umbone rather prominent, smooth ; surface finely, closely and 
indistinctly punctured on disk, smoother at sides and apex. Length 2- 
2.5 mm. 




Fig. 528. 



(After Chittenden in Insect 
Life VII.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



11!)!) 



Tippecanoe, Vigo, Orange and Crawford counties ; scarce. June 
1-June 25. Taken by sweeping- roadside herbage. 

2218 (7029). Phylloteeta ^neicolms Crotch., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873, 67. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous ; head and thorax with a cupre- 
ous lustre; elytra with a greenish tinge; legs piceous, tilme and tarsi paler. 
Antennae half as long as body, joints 2-5 reddish-yellow. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, narrowed in front; disk alutaceous, rather finely and 
closely punctate. Elytra wider at base than thorax, punctate as mentioned 
in key. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. July 14. Swept from herbage along the 
margin of a woodland pond. Known from Kansas and Texas. 

P. Undahli Dury, last ventral of male with a deep, rounded de- 
pression which extends forward in triangular shape through the 
next to last ventral, length 2.5 mm., was described from Cincinnati. 

2219 (7028). Phylloteeta lewisii Crotch.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873, 66. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous ; elytra with a bluish tinge ; 
antenna? piceous, the basal joints pale ; tibia? and tarsi brown. Thorax two- 
thirds wider than long, narrowed in front, sides broadly curved, surface 
rather finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra] punctures coarser than those 
of thorax. Last ventral of male with a broad, triangular impression. Length 
2-2.5 mm. 

Two specimens in Webster collection labelled "Ind." Known 
heretofore from Illinois westward. 

LVIL Haltica Geoff. 176-1. (Gr., "leaping.") 

Oblong or oval, medium-sized, blue, green or bronzed, rarely 
reddish-brown, species, having the head short, usually deeply in- 
serted; antennae half as long as body, joints 2, 3 and 4 gradually 
longer except in rufa; thorax usually one-half wider than long, 
broadest at base, which is curved and with a more or less distinct 
transverse line just in front; side margins slightly thickened near 
front angles; elytral punctures confused; front coxal cavities open 
behind, the prosternum rather narrow between the coxa?; hind 
tibiae not or feebly suleate, terminated by a short spur; tarsal claws 
broadly dilated at base. 

The genus is a difficult one, and the species can never be deter- 
mined with any degree of certainty without a fair number of speci- 
mens, some of which must be males. Unfortunately, this sex is 
much less abundant than the females. The following species have 
been found or probably occur in the State : 

[76—23102] 



1200 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELID.F. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HALTICA. 

</. Body above reddish-yellow, broadly oval; elytra smooth. 2220. rufa. 
aa. Body above blue, bronze, green or cupreous, more or less metallic. 

b. Elytra with a longitudinal fold or costa along the sides; color dark 
blue. 2221. biaiabgixata. 

hl>. Elytra without fold. 

c. Antenme and legs piceous. more or less metallic. 
<1. Thorax with a deep groove in front of base which extends com- 
pletely across the thorax. 
e. Larger species. 4-5.5 mm. : usually blue ; form robust : thorax 
very distinctly wider at base. 2222. chaltbea. 

ee. Smaller. 3-3.5 mm. : color distinctly metallic brassy green, blue 
or bronze ; form more elongate ; thorax scarcely wider at 
base. 2223. igxita. 

(Id. Thorax with a moderate, sometimes obsolete, groove near base, 
which is never entire. 
/. Humeral angles of elytra well marked, the umbone moderately 
prominent with a depression behind it; transverse impres- 
sion of thorax deep at middle, evanescent on sides. 
ff. Brilliant cupreous with violet or purplish reflections. 

CABIXATA. 

gg. Blue, head more prominent : form more robust. vicabia. 
ff. Humeral angle of elytra rounded, the umbone feeble; trans- 
verse impression of thorax faint. 
h. Color brilliant coppery red; larger, more robust, more broad- 
ly oval. 2224. CTPBASCEXS. 
////. Color greenish or brassy black; smaller, more slender, elon- 
gate-oblong. 2225. .EXESCEXS. 
ee. Antenna? and legs in great part reddish-yellow, in striking contrast 
with the color of the upper surface. 
/'. Entire upper surface uniform in color and with metallic lustre. 
./'. Form oblong-oval, very convex ; elytra scarcely alutaceous. the 
punctures distinct on basal half. 2226. ftjsco-Exea. 
jj. Form elongate-oblong, much less convex; elytra distinctly alu- 
taceous, the punctures minute and indistinct throughout. 

2227. kxabii. 

//. Head and thorax reddish-yellow, elytra metallic blue: thoracic 
impression deep and entire. bdkgessi. 

2220 (6959). Haltica rufa 111.. Mag. fur Insect.. YI. 1S0T. 153. 

Oval, broader behind, moderately convex. Dull reddish- or orange-yel- 
low above, piceous beneath ; antenna? and legs piceous, the hind femora paler 
at base. Antenna? half as long as body, third joint distinctly longer than 
fourth. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long, feebly narrowed to 
the front, margins very narrow ; ante-basal impression broad and shallow ; 
surface sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than 
thorax : umbone feeble, surface indistinctly and sparsely punctate. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Lake and Dubois counties; rare. May 26-jIay 30. Beaten 
from ash. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1201 



2221 (6960). Haltica bimarginata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, 
1824, 85; ibid. II. 226. 
Oblong, subparallel. Above dark bine, moderately sinning; under sur- 
face and legs bine-black, antennae piceous. Thorax one-half wider than long, 
margins very narrow, the ante-basal depression deep, reaching the sides 
and joining the marginal depression; surface distinctly alutaceons, sparsely 
punctate. Elytra wider at base than thorax, with a prominent fold extend- 
ing from umbone to near apex; surface finely, rather sparsely and indis- 
tinctly punctate. Length 5-6 mm. 

Northern half of State, frequent; not taken south of Vigo 
County. May 20-August 26. Occurs on knot weed or smartweed 
in moist localities. 

*2222 (6961). Haltica chalybea 111.. Mag. fur Insect.. VI. 1807. 115. 

Oval, rather robust. Metallic blue, shining, rarely cu- 
preous or greenish; under surface and legs blue-black; an- 
tennae piceous. the basal half with metallic lustre. Thorax 
a little more tban half wider than long, margins narrow, 
slightly thickened in front; disk convex, the ante-basal im- 
pressed line rather deep, extending from margin to margin ; 
surface with minute scattered punctures. Elytra scarcely 
wider at base than thorax, umbone rather prominent, smooth ; 
surface sparsely punctate, nearly smooth near apex. Length 4-5 mm. (Fig. 529.) 

Throughout the State; common. March 14-December 10. Hi- 
bernates beneath bark and rubbish; mating April 12. Occurs on 
the wild grape and poison ivy and known as the ''grape flea- 
beetle," often doing considerable damage to the cultivated vine. 
Readily controlled by spraying with arsenites when the larva? are 
discovered. 




Fig. 529. 
(After LeBaron.) 



2223 (6963). Haltica tgnita 111. 




Fig. o30. a, Beetle; 6, egg mass on bit of leaf; c, newly hatches 
larva; d. first abdominal segment of same; e, larva; /, pupv all \ 
b. (After Chittenden in Bull. 23, X. Ser., U. S. Div. Eat,)' 

apex. Length 3-4 mm. (Fig. 530.) 



Mag. fur Insect.. VI, 1S07, 117. 

Oval, slightly oblong, sub- 
depressed. Color exceedingly 
variable from a coppery gold- 
en lustre, through greenish to 
dark blue : under surface and 
legs colored as above. Thorax 
one-half wider than long, very 
little narrowed in front, sides 
feebly curved, ante-basal im- 
pression deep, extending from 
margin to margin : surface mi- 
nutely and sparsely punctate. 
Elytra distinctly wider at base 
than thorax, umbone rather 
prominent, limited within by 
a depression : surface distinct- 
ly and sparsely punctate near 
base, gradually smoother to 



1202 FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 

Throughout the State; common. May 11-October 6. Occurs 
by thousands on the foliage of the water purslane, Ludwigia palus- 
tris Ell.; also on foliage of many other plants. Said to attack 
strawberry and rose-bushes. 

H. carinata Germ., length 3.5-4.5 mm., and H. vicaria Horn, 
length 4.5-6 mm., last ventral of males in both with a deep elongate 
impressed line, are said to occur from New England westward to 
Arizona. The former has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

2224 ( ). Haltica clprascens sp. nov. 

Oval, strongly convex. Coppery red. strongly shining: antenna?, legs 
and under surface piceous-bronzed. Thorax about one-third wider than 
long, scarcely narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, margin narrow, thick- 
ened at the front angles ; disk finely alutaceous. sparsely and minutely punc- 
tate, the ante-basal impression very shallow, evident only at middle. Ely- 
tra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides broadly curved; surface finely 
and sparsely punctate, very indistinctly so on apical third. Length 3.5- 
4 mm. 

Three specimens from beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michi- 
gan, near Pine, Lake County. May 5-May 21. Probably occurs on 
cottonwood. 

2225 (6972). Haltica .enescexs sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong, convex. Uniform brassy-greenish above and beneath; 
antenna? piceous-bronzed. third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax one- 
third wider than long ; sides feebly curved, slightly sinuate near hind an- 
gles ; disk minutely and sparsely punctate, the ante-basal impression very 
faint, extending almost from side to side. Elytra together one-third wider 
than thorax, their sides parallel to apical fourth, then rounded to tips : sur- 
face finely and sparsely punctate. Last ventral of male with an elongate 
impression extending from apex half way to base. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Starke County; rare. June IS. 

2226 ( ). Haltica fusco_exea Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill, 

1S47, 165. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Olivaceous green or bronzed, strongly shining; 
under surface and hind femora piceous with bronzed lustre; antennas and 
legs reddish-yellow, the former with apical half darker. Thorax subquad- 
rate. very little wider than long, not narrower at apex than base; sides 
very feebly curved; disk convex, very finely alutaceous, sparsely and mi- 
nutely punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, less than 
twice as wide as long, umbone not distinct ; surface distinctly and sparsely 
punctate near base, smoother near apex, the punctures sometimes in more 
or less evident rows. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko, Putnam and Jefferson counties; scarce. April 
22-September 25. Occurs on the evening primrose. CEnothfra ~bi* 
ennis L. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1203 



2227 ( ). Haltica knabii sp. nov. 

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Metallic olivaceous, moderately shining; 
under surface and hind femora pieeous, bronzed; antenna', front and mid- 
dle legs, bind tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow, the outer joints of antennae 
fuscous at tips. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides moderately curved ; 
ante-basal impression narrow but deep, extending from side to side; surface 
distinctly alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra more than twice 
as long as wide, sides parallel to apical third, thence rounded to tips ; sur- 
face sculptured as mentioned in key. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Described from eleven specimens taken in Lake and Starke 
counties. May 19-September 27. Occurs on low herbs in damp, 
sandy localities. From fuscomnea this may be at once separated 
by the much longer, more parallel and less convex elytra, which are 
at the same time less shining, more strongly alutaceous and much 
more finely punctuate on basal half. The thorax is wider, with 
deeper ante-basal impression. Named in honor of Frederick Knab, 
of Washington, D. C, wild has given me much aid in my study of 
the Chrysomelidge. 

H. burgessi Crotch, length 1.5-1.8 mm., is a southern form 
which has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

LVIII. Luperaltica Crotch. 1S73. (Gr., "wolf + leaping. ") . 

This genus contains two small species, one of which has been 
taken in the State, while the other doubtless occurs. They have 
the front carmate between the antennas and with flattened tubercles 
between the eyes ; antennae slender, longer than half the body, first 
joint stout, second small, oval, third twice as long, joints 3 to 10 
equal ; thorax convex with a vague transverse basal impression ; epi- 
pleura reaching nearly to sutural angle; front coxal cavities open 
behind ; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three. 

KEY TO SPECIES OE LUPEEALTICA. 

a. Elytra very indistinctly punctate ; color above varying from dull yellow 
to dull blue ; front coxae contiguous. fuscula. 
aa. Elytra very evidently punctate, bright metallic blue; front coxa? sep- 
arated. 2228. senilis. 

L. fuscula Lee, length 2.5-4 mm., is said to occur "from Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia to Iowa and Kansas." 

2228 (7005). Luperaltica senilis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV. 
1824, ST ; ibid. IT. 228. 
Elongate-oblong, subconvex. Pale dull yellow, the head and thorax 
sometimes clouded Avith fuscous; elytra metallic blue, the suture and epi- 



1204 



FAMILY LUI. CHRYSOMEL1D.E. 



pleurae yellow ; antennae usually fuscous, the basal joints pale. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide at middle as long ; surface finely alutaceous, minutely 
and sparsely punctured. Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax, um- 
bone distinct ; surface rather closely and irregularly punctate. Last ven- 
tral of male flattened, truncate at apex and with a short, acute process at 
middle. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Putnam County; scarce. July 25. Swept from flowers of the 
darkey-head, Rudbeckia triloba L. Occurs from Pennsylvania to 
Illinois. 

LLX. Lactic a. JEr. 1847. (L., "milk.") 

Small oval yellow or blue and yellow species having the head 
inserted in the thorax as far as the eyes ; antenna^ longer than half 
the body, third joint shorter than fourth, joints 4 to 10 equal, 11th 
very little longer. Thorax with a deep, transverse impression near 
the base, which is bent at each end abruptly toward the base; front 
coxal cavities open behind; tarsi more than half the length of the 
tibia 1 , the claws appendiculate. 

2229 (6976). Lactica iris Oliv.. Ent, VL 1808, 702. 

Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head and thorax yellow ; 
elytra deep violet blue, shining ; antenna? piceous, three basal joints pale ; 
thorax beneath and front and middle legs pale yellow ; metasternum, abdo- 
men and hind legs piceous. Thorax about twice as wide as long, margins 
narrow ; disk convex, not visibly punctate. Elytra not wider at base than 
thorax, umbone rather prominent, surface very finely punctate. Length 3.5- 
4 mm. 

Posey County ; rare. September 5. One of the prettiest of our 
small Chrysomelids. 

Diphaulaca bicolorata Horn, head, thorax and legs reddish-yel- 
low, elytra and abdomen piceous-purple, length 2 mm., is known 
from Michigan, Georgia. Kansas and Louisiana. 

LX. Trichaltica Harold. 1876. (Gr., ''hair -f leap.'') 

This genus comprises one small, oblong reddish-yellow and blue 
species, differing from Lactica mainly by the elytral punctures 
being much coarser and arranged in ten distinct rows. Front of 
head with two distinct tubercles; outer joints of antenme slightly 
thicker, joints 1. 4, 5 and 11 longer than the others, which are equal. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1205 



2230 (6983). Tbic'haltica scabricula Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1873, 71. 

Oblong, nearly parallel, moderately convex. Reddish-yellow ; elytra 
bine; antennas piceous. Thorax more than one-half wider than long, not 
narrowed in front, hind angles distinct ; disk convex, shining, very sparsely 
and coarsely punctured. Elytra wider at base than thorax; disk slightly 
flattened at middle, with a short scutellar and ten long rows of coarse, deep, 
closely placed punctures; intervals narrower than the stria? and bearing 
sparse, short, semierect hairs. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. 

Southern third of State; frequent. May 6 -June 24. The tho- 
rax and under surface are sometimes of a Vandyke brown, and the 
hairs of elytra are so small as to be visible only from the side with 
a strong lens. Occurs from Ohio to Texas. 

Sphceroderma opima Lee, tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown, length 
2.5 mm., occurs in Illinois, North Carolina and Texas. 

Subtribe B. (Ch^etocnemini.) 

The members of this subtribe are separated from the preceding 
only by the closed cavities of the front coxa?. They are, for the 
most part, very small oval or oblong species, with the upper surface 
usually uniform in color. Although the two subtribes are each 
probably represented in the State by about the same number of 
genera, the present one has much the fewer species. 

Fig. 531. a, Antenna and claws of Blepharida; b, hind tibia and tarsus of Chcetocnema; c, same of 
Dibolia; d, same of Psylliodes. (After Horn.) 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HALTICINI, SUBTRIBE B. 

a. Last joint of hind tarsi globosely swollen ; elytra with punctures in 
rows; hind tibia? with one spur. 
5. Thorax not impressed ; body hairy ; hind tibia? with but one carina. 

LXI. Hypolampsis. 

1)1). Thorax with a transverse impression near base; body glabrous; hind 
tibia? with two carina? on the outer side. LXII. Pachyonychus. 
aa. Last joint of hind tarsi not inflated, usually slender, sometimes thick- 
ened when viewed from the side, 
c. Antenna? 11- or 12-jointed ; hind tarsi inserted at the end of the tibia?. 




1206 



FAMILY LITI. CHRYSOMEIJDJE. 



d. Antennae 12-jointed, distant at base; tarsal claws bifid (Fig. 
531, a) ; form robust, Ghrysomela-like, larger. 5-6.5 mm. 

LXIII. Blepharida. 

dd. Antenna? 11-jolnted, close together at base; claws simple or di- 
lated; smaller, not over 4.5 mm. 
e. Hind tibiae sinuate near apex and with a distinct tooth on the 
outer margin (Fig. 531, ft) ; thorax without an impression in 
trout of base ; first and second ventral segments closely united ; 
elytral punctures in regular rows. LXIY. Ch^tocnema. 

cc. Hind tibia? without sinuation or tooth. 

/. Thorax with distinct transverse impression in front of base; 
elytral punctures in rows. 
g. Elytra without hairs. 

// . Form more or less ovate ; antenna? shorter than body ; 
transverse groove of thorax limited on each side by a 
lengthwise impression. LXYI. Crepidodera. 

lilt. Form elongate, parallel; antenna? as long as or longer than 
body; thoracic groove not limited. 

LXYI I. Orthaltica. 
gg. Elytra with rows of stiff hairs (seta?) on the intervals; form 
short, ovate. LXYI II. Epitrix. 

//. Thorax without a transvejr.se impression in front of base. 

i. Hind tibial spur small and slender ; form elongate or elon- 
gate-oval. 

./'. Thorax with a short, deep longitudinal impression each 
side near base ; elytral punctures in rows. 

LXIX. Mantura. 

jj. Thorax without any impression ; elytral punctures con- 
fused. LXX. Systena. 
U. Hind tibial spur broad, emarginate or bifid at apex (Fig. 
531. c) ; elytral punctures in rows; form oval or oblong- 
oval, convex. LXXI. Dibolia. 
cc. Antenna? 10-jolnted ; hind tarsi inserted on the outer side of the tibia? 
above the apex (Fig. 531, d) ; elytral punctures in rows. 

LXXII. Psylliodes. 

LXI. Hypolampsis Clark. 1860. (Gr.- "sub-f- red.") 

Small oblong-oval, convex, brown or piceons hairy species, hav- 
ing the antenna? half the length of body, the second joint oblong- 
oval, as stont as the first but shorter, third more slender and longer 
than second, 4, 5 and 6 gradually shorter, 7 to 11 abruptly broader ; 
prosternum narrow between the coxa?, dilated behind them; hind 
tarsi nearly as long as tibia 1 , first joint obconical, very narrow at 
base, fourth abruptly inflated at apex, the claws toothed at middle ; 
claws of front and middle tarsi bifid. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1207 



*2231 (G920). Hypolampsis pilosa Illig., Mag. fur Insect., VI, 1807, 105. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Dull brownish-yellow to pieeous, opaque; surface 
with prostrate gray and brown pubescence and sparse erect hairs; antennae 
reddish or brownish-yellow, the outer five joints darker. Thorax quadrate, 
very little wider than long, sides nearly straight ; disk convex, coarsely and 
closely punctate and with two feeble elevations slightly in front of middle. 
Elytra wider at base than thorax; disk with a faint oblique impression 
from humerus to suture near middle, ending in a shallow black fovea on 
first and second striae; punctures coarse, close-set and deep, arranged in 
regular rows ; intervals not wider than the distance between the punctures. 
Length 2.5-4 mm. 

Lake, Wells and Vigo counties; scarce. January 1-July 21. 
Occurs mostly in sandy localities, beneath rubbish, where it hiber- 
nates as imago. 

LXIL Pachyonychia Chev. 1834. (Gr., "thick + joint. ") 

Represented in the eastern United States and Indiana by a 
small, oblong, parallel smooth species, having the antennas a little 
longer than half the body, the second and third joints short, nearly 
equal in length, together longer than first but shorter than fourth, 
joints 5 to 10 equal, not thickened as in the preceding genus ; hind 
tarsi moderately long, the first two joints triangular, the fourth 
inflated at apex. 

2232 (6924). Pachyonychia fakadoxus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1S47, 163. 

Oblong, nearly parallel. Reddish-yellow ; elytra pieeous, the suture nar- 
rowly reddish-yellow ; antennae black, the three basal joints paler. Thorax 
convex, more than one-half broader than long, not narrowed in front, sides 
feebly curved, margins thickened at front angles, hind angles dentiform; 
surface sparsely and deeply punctate, the impression near base deep and 
extending from side to side. Elytra wider at base than thorax, the punc- 
tures of striae coarse and closely placed ; intervals slightly convex, each with 
a row of very fine punctures. Length 3-4.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. May 12-June 26. Occurs on 
the greenbrier (Smilax) . 

LXI1I. Blepharida Rogers. 1856. (Gr., "eye-lid.") 

Here belongs a single robust, oval species having the antenna 
rather widely separated at base, half as long as body, first four 
joints smooth, the second half as long as first; third and fourth 
slender, each longer than second ; 5 to 10 broader than fourth, grad- 
ually very slightly shorter and pubescent, 11th longer and with a 



1208 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELID/E. 



very small corneal terminal joint; hind tibiae sinuate and deeply 
grooved on outer edge near apex ; tarsi stout, first joint broadly tri- 
angular, fourth slender. 

2233 (6919). Blepharida ehois Forst, Nov. Spec, Ins., 1771, 21. 

Short, robust, oval, convex. Under surface and legs 
reddish-brown ; above dull yellow, the elytra paler, irregu- 
larly variegated with dark reddish-brown ; antennae piceous, 
the four basal joints paler. Thorax more than twice as wide 
as long, narrowed in front, sides regularly curved, front an- 
gles prominent, hind ones obtuse ; disk sparsely and finely 
punctured and with a row of coarser punctures around the 
margins. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, each 
with nine feebly impressed rows of coarse, deep, distant punctures. Length 
5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 532.) 

Throughout the State ; rather common on sumac. May 19— Oc- 
tober 1. The elytra vary greatly in the proportion of reddish- 
brown markings, these sometimes covering the entire surface except 
the sides and apex. Known as the "jumping sumac beetle." 

LXIV. Ch^etocnema Stephens. 1831. (Gr., "spine + tibiae. ") 

Small elongate or oval, black or brown, usually faintly bronzed 
species having the head immersed in thorax to eyes, the front not 
carinate ; antennae slender, at least half the length of body, second 
joint elongate-oval, 3 to 6 slender and longer, 7 to 11 gradually 
broader and flattened, the 11th nearly as long as the two preceding, 
acute at tip ; thorax always broader than long, narrowed in front, 
base regularly curved, without an impression in front; elytra at 
most but little wider than thorax, their punctures in rows ; hind 
tibiae sinuate near apex, with a triangular tooth above the curve, 
grooved at apex on the outer side and terminating in a rather long, 
stout spur; tarsal claws simple The following species have been 
taken or probably occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CIIiETOCNEMA. 

a. Sides of thorax regularly curved from base to apex, the front angles 
not obliquely truncated. 
h. Head punctate, sometimes indistinctly so. 

c. Rows of elytral punctures confused or irregular at base. 
d. Punctures of elytral striae 1 to 8 much confused to beyond the 
middle. cribata. 
del. Punctures of elytral stria? 1 to 3 irregular near the base only; 
punctures of thorax coarse. 




THE LEAP BEETLES. 



L209 



e. Form elongate, subcylinclrical. subcylindrica. 
ee. Form regularly oval. irregulajus. 
cc. Rows of elytra] punctures regular. 

/. Form elongate-oval, more than twice as long as wide; piceous, 
surface bronzed ; apical portion of antenna? and all the femora 
Piceous. 2284. protensa. 

//. Form oval, not twice as long as wide. 
g. Punctures of head distinct. 

//. Punctures of the front and clypeus dense and rugulose ; sur- 
face subopaque. 2235. denticulata. 
hh. Punctures of the front and clypeus coarse, well separated; 
surface shining. 2236. cribrifrons. 
gg. Punctures of head small, indistinct. 

i. Punctures of elytral striae well impressed to apex ; thorax 

with a distinct basal row of punctures. 2237. minuta. 

ii. Punctures of elytral striae feebly impressed, nearly obsolete 

at apex ; basal row of thoracic punctures very feeble. 

2238. pinguis. 

l)b. Head absolutely without punctures. 

j. Thorax with an entire basal marginal line, which is not defined 
by punctures ; color brassy bronze ; scutellar stria regular. 

2239. OPULENTA. 

jj. Thorax with a basal marginal row of punctures. 

k. Thorax shining, minutely alutaceous. 2240. parcepunctata. 
IcJc. Thorax subopaque, distinctly alutaceous. 2241. pulicaria. 

act. Sides of thorax obliquely truncate at the front angles and with an 
angulation in front of middle ; thorax without basal marginal line. 

2242. confinis. 

C. cribata Lee, brassy-bronzed, antenna?, tibia? and tarsi reddish- 
yellow, length 2 mm., is known from Massachusetts and Oregon. C. 
subcyUndrica Lee, piceous, feebly bronzed, length 2-2.5 mm. ; and 
C. irregularis Lee, piceous, distinctly bronzed, length 2 mm., are 
known to occur in Michigan. 

2234 (7042). Chjetocnema protensa Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 
1878, 417. 

Form given in key. Piceous, distinctly brassy-bronzed; tibiae, tarsi and 
basal half of antenna? reddish-yellow. Head coarsely, not closely punctate. 
Thorax one-third wider at base than long, sides regularly curved, feebly 
narrowing to apex; disk minutely alutaceous, rather finely and sparsely 
punctate. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, with regular rows of 
rather coarse, close-set punctures; intervals flat, wider than strife, without 
punctures. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. 

Lake County; rare. October 6. Ranges from Maryland and 
Michigan westward to Colorado. 



1210 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMEIJD.L. 



*2235 (7040). Cel^tocxema denticulata 111.. Mag. fur Insect. YI. 1S07, 
163. 



quent. January 5-October 24. Occurs on sedges and grasses in 
moist meadows. Hibernates beneath leaYes and rubbish in fence 
corners. 

2236 (7043). Ch^tocsema cribkifkons Lee. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv.. 1879, 

517. 

Oval, but proportionately more elongate than denticulata. Dark bronze, 
moderately shining; antennre brownish at base, outer joints piceous; legs 
a& in denticulata. Thorax also as in that species but with basal marginal 
line distinct at the sides. Length 2.2-2.7 mm. 

Lake, Marshall, Putnam and Orange counties ; scarce. April 10- 
September 9. Resembles denticulata \evy closely, but less broad 
and with the punctures of the clypeus very coarse, deep and well 
separated. 

2237 ( ). Ch^etocnema mintjta Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 



Oval, robust. Piceous. distinctly bronzed, shining; antenna? with four 
basal joints brownish-yellow, the remainder piceous ; legs piceous. the tibia? 
and tarsi sometimes paler. Head distinctly alutaceous, indistinctly punc- 
tate. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest at middle, disk faintly alu- 
taceous, finely and sparsely punctured; basal row of punctures distinct and 
coarse. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, punctures coarse, 
rather closely placed, slightly broader than long: intervals feebly convex, 
without punctures. Length 2 mm. 




Oblong-oval, robust. Piceous- 
bronzed, slightly brassy; antennae 
reddish-yellow at base, the outer five 
or six joints piceous ; front and mid- 
dle femora brown, hind ones piceous 
bronzed ; tibia? and tarsi reddish-yel- 
low. Head and thorax alutaceous; 
the latter nearly twice as wide at 
base as long, sides regularly curved 
to apex ; surface rather coarsely and 
regularly but not densely punctured, 
the basal marginal line feeble at the 
sides. Elytra not wider at base than 
thorax, the punctures coarse and 
deep, not closely placed; intervals 
nearly flat on disk, subconvex on 
sides, each with a row of very fine 
punctures. Length 2.3-2.5 mm. (Fig. 



Fig. 533. X 18. (After„Forbes.) 



533.) 



Throughout the State; fre- 



1847, 167. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



L211 



Lake, Starke and Marshall counties ; frequent along the marshy 
margins of lakes. May 18-May 30. 

2238 (7041). Ch^tocnema pinguis Lee, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1878, 417. 
Short, oval, robust. Piceous-bronzed, shining; antenna? with five basal 

joints reddish-yellow, the remainder bronzed; middle and hind femora 
bronzed, front femora and all the tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow. Head very 
finely alutaceous, minutely and sparsely but distinctly punctate. Thorax 
nearly twice as wide as long, sides more curved than in minuta; surface 
faintly alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra but slightly 
wider than thorax, widest at middle ; surface distinctly alutaceous, umbone 
not prominent; striae feebly impressed, more deeply on sides, their punc- 
tures fine and well separated; intervals smooth. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Lawrence County; scarce. May 11. Resembles minuta in form, 
color and size, but differs in the basal punctures of thorax and in 
the less impressed and more finely punctured elytra! striae and the 
more distinctly punctate head. A member of the Austroriparian 
fauna. 

2239 (10,462). Ch^tocnema opulenta Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVI, 

1889, 264. 

Oval, moderately convex. Brassy-bronze, not alutaceous ; antennae red- 
dish-yellow at base, gradually darker to tips; femora bronzed, tibiae and 
tarsi reddish-yellow. Head finely wrinkled, not punctured. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, sides regularly curved, basal marginal line deep, en- 
tire; surface coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Elytra slightly wider 
at base than thorax, strife feebly impressed, punctures very coarse, deep 
and closely placed ; intervals feebly convex, finely but distinctly punctulate. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Starke and Wayne counties; scarce. May 19-May 26. Swept 
from the foliage of mint in low, moist places. Known heretofore 
only from California, Nevada and New Mexico. 

2240 (7050). Ch^tocnema paecepunctata Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., 1873, 74. 

Oval, robust. Piceous-bronzed, shining; tibiae, tarsi and base of an- 
tennae paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides curved ; disk finely alu- 
taceous, sparsely and rather finely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at 
base than thorax, striae feebly impressed, the rows of punctures large, round 
and rather close-set; intervals narrow, not punctate. Length 1.5 mm. 

Marion County; rare. June 12. Swept from low-ground herb- 
age. Known from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio and south- 
ward. 



1212 



FAMILY LIII. GHRYS0MEIjID2E. 




Fig. 534. X 14. (After 
Chittenden in Bull. 33 N. Ser., 
U. S. Div. Ent.) 



2241 (7053 ). Gh.-etocn.em a pulicakia Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

III, 1847, 167. 

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Black, shining with 
faint greenish or bluish-bronzed lustre ; antennae with 
three or four basal joints reddish-yellow, the remainder 
piceous ; femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi brownish-yel- 
low. Head and thorax alutaceous, the latter one-half 
wider at base than long, distinctly narrowed in front, 
basal marginal line punctured to near middle ; surface 
very finely, sparsely and shallowly punctured. Elytra 
a little wider at base than thorax, umbone smooth, dis- 
tinct, punctures rather coarse and closely placed; in- 
tervals slightly convex, each with a row of minute 
punctures. Length 1.5-1.8 mm. (Fig. 534.) 

Southern half of State, frequent; Starke 
County only in the north. March 25-July 1. 
Taken by sifting in early spring. Said to be sometimes injurious 
to corn and millet. 

2242 (7055). Ch.etocnema confinis Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

1873, 74. 

Broadly oval, robust. Piceous, slightly 
bronzed ; antennas and legs reddish-yellow ; hind 
femora piceous. Head finely alutaceous, not 
punctured. Thorax .twice as wide as long, dis- 
tinctly narrowed in front; disk, alutaceous, 
rather coarsely and regularly but not closely 
punctured. Elytra scarcely wider at base than 
thorax, the striae more deeply impressed on sides, 
punctures rather coarse, close and deep ; inter- 
vals slightly convex, minutely punctate. Length 
1.5-1.8 mm. (Fig. 535.) 

Throughout the State; common. April 
18-October 27. Probably hibernates. Oc- 
curs in gardens and often damages young sweet potatoes by eating 
channels along the veins of the leaves. The leaves (not the roots) 
should be dipped in a strong solution of arsenate of lead before 
being set out. 




Fig. 535. X 17i (After Forbes.) 



LXVI. Crepidodera Chev. 1834. (Gr., "a half boot + neck. ") 

Small oval or oblong-oval brownish, greenish or blackish-bronzed 
species, having the front more or less triangular, inserted in thorax 
to the eyes; antennae half as long as body, second joint half as long- 
as first, 3 to 10 subequal, a little longer than second and gradually 
slightly broader to eleventh, which is longer and acute at tip ; tho- 
rax broader than long, the ante-basal impression limited at each end 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1213 



by a longitudinal one; first ventral segment as long as the next 
three; hind tibiae obliquely truncate and with a small spur. Six of 
the seven species recognized by Horn have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEEPIDODEBA. 

a'. Form oblong-ova] or elongate. 

b. Head and thorax yellow, elytra bine ; thorax and presternum smooth. 

2243. eufipes. 

bb. Head and thorax of same color as elytra; thorax distinctly and 
rather coarsely punctured. 
c. Elytra uniform in coloration; presternum smooth or very spar- 
ingly punctate. 

d. Form narrow, elongate; reddish- yellow with greenish surface 
lustre - 2244. LONGULA. 

del. Form more oval ; surface metallic blue, bronzed or green ; thorax 
with fine and coarse punctures mixed. 2245. helxines. 

cc. Elytra more or less dull yellow on apical third; prosternum dense- 
ly punctate. 2246. modeeri. 
a a. Form broadly oval or ovate. 

e. Reddish-yellow, without metallic lustre; thorax not distinctly punc- 
tured ; abdomen piceous. 2247. atriventeis. 
ee. Piceous black, shining ; thorax coarsely and rather closely punctate ; 
elytra each with a small elevation at middle of base. 

2248. NITENS. 

2243 (6979). Crepidodera eufipes Linn., Syst. Nat., X, 1765, 373. 
Oblong-oval, nearly parallel. Head, thorax and 

legs dull reddish-yellow; elytra dark blue, shining; \ / 

metasternum and abdomen piceous. Thorax nearly r^l^^^m^^ 
twice as wide as long, sides straight and parallel f v * x - _ S ** 
behind the middle, rounded to apex in front; disk * ^^^^L, * 
™uvex, smooth. Elytra a little wider at base than ^fM^M^\ 
thorax, umbone rather prominent and smooth ; each f ^ M. I 
with a long scute! lar row and nine discal rows of ^pSHHHu 
coarse, closely placed punctures ; intervals narrower I ^T j WF J 
than the striae, slightly convex. Length 2.5-3 mm. f '^QjjP ^ 

Southern half of State; frequent. April (After Howard fnin^Life, v.) 
24-June 6. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. Introduced 
from Europe. Occurs on black locust, RoUnia, and sometimes in- 
jurious to peach and apple foliage. 

2244 (10,428). Crepidodera longfla Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XVI 

1889; 240. 

Elongate-oval, nearly parallel. Pale reddish-yellow, surface with a dis- 
tinct greenish lustre ; suture narrowly piceous. more broadly so near base. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, very liftle narrowed' in front, sides 
feebly curved; disk convex, with rather coarse, irregular and unequal pune- 



1214 FAMILY Lin. CHRYSOMELIDiE. 

tures. Elytra very little wider than thorax, umbone not prominent, disk 
with scutellar and nine discal stria? of coarse, rather closely set punctures: 
intervals flat, each with a single row of fine punctures. Length 2.5 mm. 

Jackson. Spencer and Dubois counties ; rare. May 13— May 24. 
Occurs on willow. 

2245 (6980). Cbepidodeea helxines Linn.. Syst. Nat., X, 1765, 373. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Metallic bronzed, blue or green ; an- 
tennae and legs reddish-yellow, hind femora often darker ; under surface 
piceous. Thorax more than half wider than long, not narrowed in front, 
sides very feebly curved ; ante-basal impression deep and at each end sud- 
denly bent towards base, surface coarsely and unequally punctate. Elytra 
distinctly wider at base than thorax, umbone rather prominent, punctures 
rather coarse, becoming finer towards apex ; intervals very minutely punc- 
tate. Length 2.5-3.3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. April 16- July 14. Occurs 
especially on the foliage of elm. thorn, willow and poplar, and some- 
times attacks that of apple and pear. A handsome little species ex- 
ceedingly variable in hue. 

2246 (69S2). Cbepidodeea modeeri Linn.. Faun. Suec, 1761, 167. 
Oblong-oval, rather robust, narrowed in front. Piceous with a shining 

bronzed lustre; apical third of elytra indistinctly dull yellow; antennae 
brownish or piceous. the four basal joints pale: legs brown, the front and 
middle pairs paler. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides nearly parallel 
behind the middle: disk convex, the ante-basal impression more shallow 
than in helxines. the impressions at each of its ends deeper, surface coarsely 
and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, 
nmbone prominent, punctures coarse and close-set on base, finer and more 
distant towards apex. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Lake and Kosciusko counties ; scarce. May 30-June 29. Occurs 
on the arrow alum and other semiaquatic plants about the margins 
of lakes. A member of the Transition life zone. Our form is var. 
mane id a Lec. 

2247 (69S1). Cbepidodeea atbiyextris Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 

Ill, 1S47, 165. 

Short, broadly ovate, convex. Dull reddish-yellow; antennae and legs 
paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, obliquely trun- 
cate near front angles and with a slight angulation one-third from apex; 
disk convex.^ not punctured. Elytra wider at base than thorax, umbone 
distinct; punctures coarse, rather closely placed on base, finer toward apex. 
Length 1.5-1.8 mm. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 1215 

Throughout the State ; common. March 20-September 5. Oc- 
curs on leaves of May-apple and beneath rubbish in moist, grassy 
places. Our smallest species. 

2248 (10,429). Cbepidodera nitens Horn, Trans. Araer. Ent. Sac., XVI, 
1889, 243. 

Ovate, robust. Black, shining; antennae pale reddish-yellow; femora 
piceous, tibiae brown, tarsi paler. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly 
narrowed in front, obliquely truncate near front angles ; disk convex, ante- 
basal impression feeble, surface rather coarsely, deeply and closely punc- 
tured. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, umbone rather feeble; 
disk convex with a vague transverse depression one-third from base and 
along the suture, causing an apparent feeble elevation on each elytron ; punc- 
tures small, not closely placed ; intervals flat, wider than the striae, smooth 
and shining. Length 2 mm. 

Marion, Dubois and Perry counties; rare. April 12-June 12. 
Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. Resembles the black species 
of Epitrix but devoid of hairs. 

LXVII. Orthaltica Crotch. 1873. (Gr. ? " straight + jump. ") 
Small, elongate, parallel, brownish or piceous beetles, having the 
antenna? nearly as long as body, male, shorter in female, the second 
joint half as long as first ; the others dissimilar in the sexes. Thorax 
broader than long, scarcely wider at base, apex truncate, sides and 
base curved, disk with a rather deep antebasal impressed line, not 
limited at the ends, which gradually approach the base ; first ventral 
segment as long as the next three; hind tibia? with a short spur. 
Two species are known, both of which occur in the State. 

KEY TO SPECIES 0E ORTHALTICA. 

a. Antennae stout in both sexes ; elytra! rows of punctures confused on each 
side of scutellum; antebasal impression of thorax rather deep but 
not sharply impressed ; front punctate. 2219. copalina. 

aa. Antennae slender ; elytral punctures not confused near scutellum ; ante- 
basal impression deep, sharply defined ; front smooth. 

2250. MELINA. 

2249 (6993). Orthaltica copalina Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 466. 

Elongate-parallel, subconvex. Brownish or piceous, shining; when pic- 
eous the head and thorax paler ; antennae and legs reddish-yellow. Antennae 
of male with third and fourth joints equal, a little longer than second, fifth 
longer than either fourth or sixth, 6 to 10 gradually shorter and stouter. 



[77—23402] 



1216 



FAMILY LT1I. CHRYS0MEL1D.TS. 



11th one-half longer than 10th and acuminate at apex; in female joints 4 
to 10 are equal, shorter than third and slender. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, base scarcely broader than apex, margins finely serrate ; surface 
rather sparsely but deeply and coarsely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider 
than thorax, umbone prominent; disk with nine rows of coarse, closely 
placed punctures, those of the inner rows confused at base ; intervals slightly 
convex. Length 2-3 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent on sumac and Hercules' club. 
May 20-July 7. 

2250 (10.431). Orthaltica melina Horn, Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc, XVI, 
1889, 249. 

Elongate, parallel. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, widest in front of middle, sides curved, slightly oblique in front of 
base, margins entire ; disk convex, rather coarsely, sparsely and irregularly 
punctate. Elytra wider at base than thorax, umbone distinct; disk with 
feebly impressed rows of rather distant moderate punctures ; intervals flat, 
smooth. Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Floyd County ; scarce. June 28. Known heretofore only from 
Kansas and Texas. 

LXVIII. Epitrtx Fond. 1859. (Gr., "upon + hair.'') 

Very small convex species, differing from Crepidodera in the 
upper surface bearing short, semi erect hairs, sparsely placed over 
the thorax and arranged in a single row on each interval of the 
elytra. The head has an oblique ridge each side, extending from 
the end of the frontal carina to the eye and limited above by an im- 
pressed line, the two forming together a broad V. The front angles 
of the thorax are obliquely truncate with a small tooth behind the 
truncation. Five species are known from the State, while another 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EFTTRIX. 

a. Upper surface piceous. 

l>. Thorax very densely and coarsely punctate ; antebasal impression 
very feeble. 2251. fi-scela. 

IjJ). Thorax not densely punctate, the punctures well separated, 
c. Antebasal impression well marked. 
d. Elytral stria- rather deep, the punctures coarse, close and quad- 
rate; punctures of thorax eluse, though separated. lgbata. 
dd. Elytral stria?, especially those nearest the suture, very feeble, the 
punctures round, not crowded. 2252. ce/cumeris. 

cc. Antebasal impression very feeble: species smaller, not over 1.5 mm. 

2253. beevis. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1217 



aa. Upper surface reddish-brown; legs always pale. 

e. Thorax rather closely punctate, the antebasal impression scarcely 
visible - 2254. parvula. 

ee. Thorax sparsely punctate, the antebasal impression distinct. 

2255. HUMEEALIS. 

2251 (6989). Epitkix fuscula Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1ST3. 72. 

Ovate., rather robust, convex. Piceous, fee- 
bly shining ; antenna} reddish-yellow, often dark- 
er towards apex; femora all piceous, tibise and 
tarsi dull reddish-yellow. Thorax twice as wide 
as long, slightly narrowed in front: antebasal 
impression narrow, sinuate, often almost obso- 
lete ; surface coarsely, densely and deeply punc- 
tured. Elytra scarcely wider at base than tho- 
rax, umbone rather prominent, punctures on mid- 
dle round, not crowded, those on sides deep, 
more closely placed; intervals as wide as or 
wider than striae, each with a single row of 
minute seta? bearing punctures. Length 2 mm 
(Fig. 537.) 

Throughout the State; common, March 20-Xovember 20. 
Doubtless hibernates beneath dead leaves in fence corners along 
cultivated fields, as large numbers were taken by sifting on the dates 
above given. Noted especially on hazelnut, pokeweed and, in July, 
by hundreds on egg-plant, to which it was doing much damage. 

E. lobata Crotch, length 1.5-2 mm., is a southern species which 
has been recorded from Cincinnati. 




fig. 5o7. X 14. (After Chittenden^ 
in Bull. 33. X. Per., U. S. Div. Ent.) * 



2252 (69S7). Epitrix cxjcumebis Harris, Mass. Journ. Agr., 1851, 103. 

Ovate, slightly oblong. Piceous. shining: an- 
tennae and legs reddish-yellow, the hind femora only 
piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, 
slightly narrowed in front, antebasal impression 
deep and slightly curved toward the base, the longi- 
tudinal impressions at its ends well marked; sur- 
J face much more finely and sparsely punctured than 
in fuscula. Elytra slightly wider at base than tho- 
rax, umbone rather prominent, strire feebly im- 
pressed, the punctures large and closely placed. 
Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 538.) 

Throughout the State ; much less common 
than fusciila. April 19-October 1. Occurs on 
a variety of field and garden products. Said to injure potatoes by 
eating small round holes in their leaves. Remedies: Bordeaux 
mixture and Paris green. 




Fig. 538. X 13. (After Chitten- 
den in Bull. 19, N. Ser., U. S. Div 
Ent.) 



1218 



FAMILY LITI. — CHRYSOMELIDiE. 




2253 (69S6). Epiteix bbevis Schwarz, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1878, 367. 

Broadly ovate. Piceous, 
shining; antennae and legs pale 
reddish-brown ; hind femora pic- 
eous. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, slightly narrowed in front, 
sides distinctly curved; punc- 
tures moderate in size, close but 
not crowded; antebasal impres- 
sion scarcely evident, the longi- 
tudinal ones not visible. Elytra 
a little wider at base than tho- 
rax ; striae feebly impressed on 
disk, deeper on sides, the punc- 
tures of former rounded and 
distinct, those at sides more 
quadrate and closer. Length 
1.5 mm. (Fig. 539.) 

Throughout the State ; 

' — J scarce. April 22-September 

Fig. 539. x28. (After Forbes.) 25. Shorter and more con- 

vex than cucumeris, from 
which it is easily, separated by the lack of antebasal impression. 

2254 (6991). Epiteix tarvula Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 468. 
Oblong-oval, subconvex. Dull reddish-yellow ; elytra often with a fus- 
cous transverse cloud at middle; abdomen brown; antennae and legs pale 
reddish-yellow, the four outer joints of former and hind femora of latter 
often darker. Thorax convex, shining, nearly twice as wide as long, not 
narrowed in front ; antebasal impression evident but not deep ; surface dis- 
tinctly but rather finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra very little wider 
than thorax, uinbone feeble, punctures rather coarse and not crowded on 
disk ; finer and more close-set on sides, where the intervals are subconvex. 
Length 1.5-2 mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent. April 18-November 22. 
Taken by sifting and sweeping. 

2255 ( ). Epiteix humeealis Dury, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, XX, 

1906, 253. 

Ovate, rather robust. Head, thorax and legs reddish-brown; elytra 
darker brown, the umbones paler. Thorax fully twice as wide as long, sides 
broadly rounded, surface finely and sparsely punctate ; antebasal impression 
well marked. Elytral striae feebly impressed, the punctures large, round, 
deep and closely placed. Length 2.5 mm. 

Wayne, Marion, Putnam, Dubois, Posey and Perry counties; 
scarce. April 22-September 5. Taken by sweeping herbage. De- 
scribed from Cincinnati, Indiana and Kansas. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1219 



LXIX. Mantura Stephens. 1831. (A mythological name.) 

To this genus belongs a single small, elongate-oval, brownish 
species, having the antennae slender, half as long as body, the outer 
five joints abruptly broader; thorax with a deep longitudinal basal 
impression each side opposite the middle of each elytron and ex- 
tending nearly half way to apex ; first ventral segment nearly as 
long as all the others ; tibia? each with a small terminal spur ; claws 
simple. 

2256 (7032). Mantura elokidana Crotch, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci 
1873, 73. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Brownish, with a bronzed lustre- 
elytra indefinitely paler on apical third ; antenna brownish, the basal joints 
paler ; legs reddish-yellow, the hind femora darker. Thorax nearly twice 
as wide as long, widest at base, gradually narrowed in front; surface 
coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate, more sparsely between the 
basal depressions. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, umbone not 
prominent, disk with ten rows of rather fine, deep punctures; intervals 
broader than striae, smooth. Length 2 mm. 

Steuben, Marion, Putnam, Orange and Posey 
counties ; scarce. April 22-July 14. Taken by 
sifting and sweeping. 

LXX. Systena Chev. 1834. (Gr., " com- 
pressed.") 

Small elongate, usually subdepressed species, 
having the antenna? slender, half as long as body, 
slightly thicker toward the tip, the fourth joint 
longer than the third or fifth. Thorax broader 
than long, very little narrowed in front margins Fig - 54a Systena tCEniata 
very narrow, hind angles acute, disk but vaguely cStentn ^4*,7" 
impressed in front of base ; front coxa? narrowly Div - Ent) 
separated, the cavities closed behind; hind tibia? grooved on the 
outer edge and carinate, terminated by a single spur; claws appen- 
diculate. Five species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE SYSTENA. 

a. Elytra wholly piceous or dark brown, slightly bronzed 

6. Head entirely black. 2257, hudsonias. 

66 Head dull reddish-yellow. 2258 . ekontalis. 

aa. Elytra dull yellow or with yellowish stripes. 

c. Elytra piceous, with a yellow stripe reaching nearly to apex ; gen* 
(cheeks) very coarsely punctate. 2259. elongate 

cc. Elytra pale, dull yellow, sometimes with a paler median stripe - gense 
smooth. 




1220 



FAMILY LII-I. — CHRYSOMELlDiE. 



d. Surface shining, the punctuation never very coarse; elytra each , 
with a paler median stripe. 2260. t^eniata. 

dd. Surface subopaque, the punctuation coarse, close and deep ; elytra 
without a paler median stripe. 2261. marginalis. 

2257 (6995). Systena hudsonias Forst, Nov. Sp. Ins., 1771, 26. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Pic- 
eous black, shining ; antennae with 
joints 3, 4 and 5 dull yellow, the 
others more or less piceous ; legs 
black. Thorax about one-third 
wider than long, sides feebly 
curved, front angles obliquely 
truncate; surface finely aluta- 
ceous, indistinctly punctate, mi- 
nutely wrinkled. Elytra wider at 
base than thorax; disk coarsely and 
closely punctate, somewhat rugose. 
Length 4-4.5 mm. (Fig. 541.) 

Throughout the State; 
frequent in the southern, 
scarce in the northern coun- 
ties. May 21- August 20. Oc- 
Fi g . 541. x io. . (After Forbes.) ciirs on the greater ragweed, 

Ambrosia trifida L. ; also on elder and other weeds. 

*2258 (6996). Systena frontalis Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 300. 

Resembles hudsonius very 
closely. Usually a little 
broader and less shining, the 
head reddish or reddish-yel- 
low ; antennae and legs mostly 
pale. Thorax more distinctly 
and elytra less coarsely punc- 
tate. Males in both species 
with the last ventral segment 
notched each side, the middle 
lobe with a deeply impressed 
triangular median line. Length 
3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig. 542.) 

Throughout the State ; 
less common than hudso- 
nias. Hibernates beneath 
bark of soft maple and 
mullein leaves. February j 
14-September 22. Occurs [ 

most frequently on smart- Fig . 542 . x io. (After Forbes.) 

weed (Polygonum) , the 
greater ragweed and pigweed (fJheridpodium) . 





THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1221 



2259 (7000). Systena elongata Fabr., Ent. Syst, Supp., 1798, 99. 

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous with a slight bronzed lus- 
tre; elytra each with a yellow stripe on middle reaching nearly to apex; 
antennae brownish; legs reddish, hind femora piceous. Head coarsely and 
closely punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly curved ; 
disk convex, coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider at base 
and more finely and sparsely punctate than thorax. Length 3-4 mm. 

Posey County; rare. April 12. Beaten from wild grape. 

22G0 (7003). Systena t^eniata Say, Long's Sec. Exped., 1824, 294; ibid 
I, 195. 

Elongate-oval. Color variable, usually 
reddish or brownish-yellow, shining; elytra 
each always with a paler median stripe ; un- 
der surface and narrow margins of thorax 
usually piceous; antenna? and legs reddish- 
brown. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, 
sides feebly rounded, surface finely and 
sparsely punctured. Elytra distinctly wider 
than thorax, finely, shallowly and rather 
densely punctate. Length 3^.5 mm. (Fig. 
543.) 

Throughout t h e State; frequent. 
May 16 -July 25. Occurs on ragweed, 
horseweed, flowers of Cornel, etc. The 
form, above described is var. Man da Melsh., the only variety so far 
noted in the State. A variety with median pale stripe of elytra 
much narrower is also known. (Fig. 540.) 

2261 (7002). Systena makginalis 111., Mag. fur Insect, VI, 1807, 150. 

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Pale dull yellow, scarcely shining; sides 
of thorax and elytra very narrowly piceous; antennae with the terminal 
halves of the outer joints piceous. Head alutaceous, sparsely and regu- 
larly punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, not broader at base 
than apex, sides regularly curved; disk coarsely, not closely punctured. 
Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, rather densely and coarsely 
punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake and Marshall counties; scarce. July 11-August 21. Oc- 
curs on oak. 

LXXI. Djbolta Chev. 1834. (Gr., "two + spine.") 

Small oval or oblong species having the head rounded, retracted 
within the apex of thorax; front carinate with distinct tubercles; 
antennae at least half as long as body, the outer joints a little 
stouter; thorax broader than long, much narrowed in front ; elytra 
oval, not wider than base of thorax, with regular rows of punc- 
tures; hind femora strongly dilated, tibia? slender, broader and 




1222 



FAMILY LIT!.— CHR YSOMELJD.F. 



denticulate at tip, terminated by a rather long and broad spur, 
which is deeply emarginate at tip ; first joint of tarsi one-third the 
length of tibise; claws appendiculate. 

2262 (7057). Dibolia bobealis Chev., Guer. Icon. Regne Anim., 1845, 307. 
Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Piceous bronzed, usually cupreous or 

bluish ; antennae and legs reddish-yellow, hind femora piceous, bronzed. 
Thorax twice as wide at base as long, apex but little wider than the length, 
sides curved ; disk closely punctate with fine and coarse punctures inter- 
mingled. Sides of elytra continuous with those of thorax, umbone promi- 
nent ; disk with rows of rather fine, close-set punctures, the third and sixth 
rows often in part confused ; intervals broad and flat, the second, fourth 
and sixth with coarser punctures than the others. Length 3 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-June 2. Occurs on 
plantain (Plantago major L.) in the leaves of which the larvee 
breed. 

LXXII. Psylliodes Latr. 1825. (Gr., "flea + like.") 

Head oval, deeply inserted; front nearly vertical without carina 
or distinct tubercles; antenna^ 10-jointed, separated at base, joints 
2, 3 and 4 nearly equal, 5 to 9 gradually slightly shorter, tenth 
longer, acute at tip. Thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, 
base broadly curved and with a distinct marginal line ; hind femora 
much thickened, sulcate beneath for the tibial; hind tibiae broader 
toward the apex, ending in a short spur, the tip prolonged beyond 
the union of the tarsi and with a border of short hairs ; hind tarsi 
slender, first joint more than half the length of tibiae; claws simple. 
Two of the four known species have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PSYLLIODES. 

a. Elytral stria? feebly impressed, the punctures closely placed ; last ven- 
tral segment of male distinctly impressed. 2263. punctulata. 
aa. Elytral stria? not impressed, the punctures well separated; last ventral 
of male convex, not impressed. 2264. convexioe. 

2263 (705S). Psylliodes punctulata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Ill, 1S47, 166. 

Elongate-oval, little narrower in front, convex. Piceous or dark bronzed, 
shining; antenna? with three basal joints pale, the remainder brownish; 
front and middle femora piceous, the hind ones bronzed ; tibia? reddish-yel- 
low, darker at middle. Thorax one-half wider at base than long, obliquely 
truncate at front angles; disk alutaceous. rather coarsely but not densely 
punctate. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, punctures rather coarse; 
intervals sligbtly convex, each with a single row of fine punctures. Length 
2.3-2.7 mm. 

Lake, Starke and Posey counties; scarce. June 2-July 21. 
Said to occur on rhubarb and garden weeds. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1223 



2264 (7059). Psylliodes coxvexior Lee, Pac. 11. R. Rep,, 1857, 69. 

Oblong-oval, moderately con- 
vex. Pi ceo us, shining and dis- 
tinctly bronzed ; antennae piceous, 
three basal joints paler; legs as 
in punctulata. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide at base as long, 
surface finely punctate at middle, 
a little more coarsely at sides. 
Elytra not wider at base than 
thorax; punctures rather coarse, 
well separated, becoming gradu- 
ally finer toward apex ; intervals 
flat, the inner three with numer- 
ous fine punctures, the outer ones 
each with but a single row. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 544.) 

Northern half of State: 
frequent. Not taken south of 
Marion County. April 25- 
October 23. Occurs on 
grasses and sedges in low, 

moist meadoWS. Fi S- 544 - X 22. (After Forbes.) 

Tribe XI. HISPINI. 

Small or medium-sized wedge-shaped (elongate in genus Ste- 
nispa) species having the elytra often broadly and squarely trun- 
cate behind, with rows of deep punctures, and sometimes raised 
lines or costa?. The front of head is prominent, the mouth being 
confined to the under surface, and the head is never covered by the 
thorax, which is emarginate or truncate in front. The antenna? are 
short, straight, compact and close together at base. The larva? are 
mostly leaf -miners, feeding between the upper and lower surfaces 
of leaves, and have the head much narrower than the body and the 
first three segments wider than those behind. Those that feed on 
the surface of leaves cover themselves with a shelter or protection 
of their own excrement. The following paper deals particularly 
with the genera comprising the tribe. 

Horn.— 'Miscellaneous Notes and Short Studies of North Amer- 
ican Coleoptera," in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, N, 1883, 
290-303. 

Five of the six genera recognized by Horn are probably repre- 
sented in the State. 




1224 



FAMILY LILT. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE HISPINI. 

a. Antennae 8- or 9- jointed. 

6. Antennae filiform or fusiform, the last four joints being united into 
an oblong mass ; elytra oval, convex, not or feebly costate. 

LXXIII. Microrhopala. 
hb. Antennae clavate, the last two joints forming an elongate-oval club ; 
elytra with short, oblique folds, the intervals punctured. 

LXXIV. Octotoma. 

aa. Antennae with 11 distinct joints. 

c. Elytra costate, the striae coarsely punctate. 

d. Middle tibiae straight. LXXV. Chalepus. 

dd. Middle tibiae strongly curved. Charistena. 
cc. Elytra not costate, striae finely punctate ; body elongate. 

LXXVI. Stenispa. 

LXXIII. Microrhopala Chew 1834. (Gr., ''little + club.") 

In addition to characters given in key this genus has the thorax 
usually broader than long and wider at base; legs short, tibiae 
straight; third tarsal joint deeply bilobed. Six of the 12 species 
recognized by Horn should occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MICRORHOPALA. 

a. Elytra with only eigbt rows of punctures ; last joint of tarsi very little 
or not longer than the lobes of the third joint. 
l>. Joints 2 to 6 of antennae nearly smooth and without hairs ; elytra 
black, with the second costa and a narrow line at side red. 

2265. VITTATA. 

l>l). Joints 2 to 6 of antennae roughly sculptured and somewhat hairy. 
c. Body above bicolored, black, with the sides of thorax and elytral 
stripe reddish-yellow. 2266. xeeene. 

cc. Body above entirely dark blue or slightly greenish. 

d. Punctures of the outer rows on elytra much larger and of more 
irregular size than the inner. 2267. excavata. 

dd. Punctures of all the rows equal and distinct. cyanea. 
aa. Elytra with at least ten rows of punctures on the apical half. 

e. Black ; interval between the third and fourth costae with four rows 
of punctures near apex ; form slender, parallel. porcata. 
ee. Reddish-yellow; elytra with small black spots and with ten entire 
rows of punctures ; last joint of tarsi nearly twice as long as the 
lobes of the third. melsheimeri. 

2265 (7060). Miceorhopala vittata Eabr., Ent. Syst. Supp.. 1798. 117. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black or bluish-black, feebly bronzed ; head, 
thorax, second costa and narrow marginal line of elytra, and often the base 
of femora, red. Thorax twice as wide as long, sparsely, coarsely and rather 
shallowly punctured. Eljira with eight rows of oblong punctures arranged 
in pairs ; alternate intervals broader and a little more convex. Length 5- 
6.5 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 20. 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1225 



2266 (7062). Microrhopala xereni; Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 390. 
Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, sometimes feebly bronzed; thorax 

with a narrow reddish stripe on sides which continues along the second 
costa of elytra to near apex ; tip of first costa also reddish. Front of head 
coarsely punctured or with lengthwise grooves. Thorax one-half wider at 
base than long, much narrowed at apex ; surface coarsely, densely and 
deeply punctured. Elytra with eight rows of coarse, deeply impressed 
punctures; intervals slightly alternating, the second or red one much the 
widest. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Steuben County ; rare. June 15-June 16. Taken by sweeping 

herbage in a tamarack marsh. The larvng of both this and vittata 

are said to mine the leaves of goldenrod (Solidago) . 

2267 (7067). Microrhopala excavata Oliv., Ent, VI, 1808, 775. 
Oblong-oval. Uniform bluish-black, moderately shining. Front sulcate. 

Thorax slightly broader than long, widest at base, coarsely and irregularly 
punctured. Elytra with eight rows of coarse, deep punctures, those of the 
two inner rows smaller and less deep; intervals often slightly elevated; 
margins of elytra with minute, distant teeth. Length 5 mm. 
Lake County; rare. July 30. 

M. cyanea Say, bluish-black, elytra! intervals equal, length 6 
mm., is known from New York and Missouri ; M. porcata Mels., 
black without lustre, length 3 mm., is said to occur rarely from 
Pennsylvania to Illinois; M. melsheimeri Crotch, length 3 mm., 
''occurs in the Atlantic region and California." 

LXXIV. Octotoma Suff r. 1868. (Gr., ' 1 eight + joint. ") 

Small wedge-shaped species having the antennae as long as head 
and thorax, 8-jointed, the last two joints forming an elongate oval 
club ; elytra with short oblique folds or reticulated carinas, the inter- 
vals punctured ; tarsal claws divergent. 

2268 (7090). Octotoma pltcatula Fabr.. Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 63. 
Oblong, wider behind. Pi ceo us black, feebly 

bronzed, opaque ; front of thorax, scutellum and base 
of femora dull reddish-yellow ; antennae reddish-brown, 
club darker. Thorax one-half wider than long, front 
angles prominent, sides nearly straight, sinuate in 
front of middle ; disk coarsely punctured and with a 
T-shaped elevation on the middle. Elytra oblong, each 
w T ider and obliquely truncate at apex ; disk flattened 
and with numerous short, oblique, acutely elevated and 
reticulate carime, the intervals or depressions sparsely 
and coarsely punctate; margins and apex serrulate. 
Length 4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 545.) 

.big. 545 X 6^ (After 

Southern half of State; scarce. May 11-Oc- Chittenden in Buii.3s,x.Ser., 
tober IS. Occurs on bush-clover (Lespedeza) U " S ' Dlv ' Ent) 
and the trumpet creeper {Tecoma radicans Juss.) 




1226 



FAMILY lilfl. CHRYSOMELIDzE. 



LXXV. Chalepus Thunb. 1S05. (Gr., "difficult.") 

The members of this genus resemble those of the preceding in 
form, but differ by having all the joints of the antennae distinct, the 
elytra with the alternate intervals usually costate and the middle 
tibia? straight. Six species have been taken in the State, while an- 
other probably occurs. They were listed by Henshaw under Odon- 
toia. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHALEPUS. 

a. Elytra with ten rows of punctures. 

&. Elytra not costate ; form narrow, parallel ; thorax red, elytra blue. 

COLLARIS. 

1)1). Elytra costate. 

c. Elytra with three entire eostae only. 
d. Elytra black, or at most with reddish humeri. 

e. Body beneath black; thorax red with discal dark space; hu- 
meri of elytra red. 2269. scapularis. 
ee. Body beneath red ; thorax wholly red ; elytra wholly black. 

2270. BICOLOR. 

dd. Elytra mostly red. 

/. Elytra with a very narrow black sutural line, which does not 
reach apex. 2271. hornii. 

■ ff. Elytra with a black sutural stripe which broadens gradually 
from base to apex. 2272. dorsalis. 

cc. Elytra with three entire costae, and a fourth represented at base 
and apex between the second and third; color reddish-yellow, 
with darker spaces on elytra ; length 6-6.5 mm. 2273, rubra. 
aa. Elytra with eight rows of punctures; color reddish with dark mark- 
ings ; length 3.5-4 mm. 2274. nervosa. 

C. cottaris Say, length 5.5-6 mm., is known from Colorado and 
Illinois. 

2269 (7075). Chalepus scapularis Oliv., Ent, VI, 180S, 766. 
Wedge-shaped, robust. Black, feebly shining; a broad stripe each side 

of thorax, humeral angles of elytra, and sometimes the base of femora, dull 
red. Thorax widest at base, sides subangulate at middle; disk depressed 
near base, coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra each with three costae, 
the second and third separated by four rows of punctures ; apex serrulate. 
Length 5.5-7 mm. 

Steuben, Starke, Marshall and Vigo counties; scarce. June 15- 
September 18. Occurs on the hog-peanut, Falcata comosa L. 

2270 (7077). Chalepus bicolor Oliv., Encyc. Method., VII, 1792, 96. 
Elongate, nearly parallel. Black, subopaque ; thorax, scutellum, under 

surface, and often the base of femora, bright red. Vertex sulcate. Thorax 
very little wider at base, sides obtusely angulate; disk very coarsely, dense- 
ly and deeply punctured. " Elytra with sides and apex serrulate ; disk punc- 
tured and costate as in scapularis, except that the four rows of punctures 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1227 



between the second and third costse are merged into two at middle. Length 
G mm. 

Dubois, Perry and Spencer counties; scarce. May 12-May 24. 
Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. 

2271 (TOTS). Chalepus hoenii Smith. Entom. Americ, I, 1885, 94. 

Elongate, slightly wider behind. Bluish-black, shining; thorax and ely- 
tra scarlet red, the latter with a blackish sntnral line reaching three-fourths 
to apex. Vertex snlcate. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides dis- 
tinctly subangulate near middle ; surface coarsely and densely punctate. 
Elytra each with three eostse, the first and second indistinct behind the 
middle ; the four rows of punctures between the second and third regular. 
Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Lake and Marshall counties ; scarce. May 21-August 1. Occurs 
on the hog-peanut, Falcata comosa L. 

22T2 (T0T9). Chalepus dorsalis Thunb., Gotting., 
Gel. Anz., 1805, 282. 
Wedge-shaped, rather broad. Color of liornii ex- 
cept that the black sutural stripe of elytra becomes 
gradually much broader and extends to apex. Vertex 
coarsely punctate. Thorax wider at base, sides regu- 
larly curved ; disk coarsely and densely punctate, fee- 
bly depressed near base. Elytra costate and punctate 
as in scapularis. the margins and apex serrulate. 
Length 6-6.5 mm. (Fig. 546.) 

Throughout the State, frequent ; much more 
so in the southern counties. March 20-Deeem- 
ber 25. Occurs on the flowers of black locust 

/ t> 7 • • \ n i £ n • -, , i -i Kg. 546. (After Chitten- 

{Eomma), m the leaves of which the larva? den in Bull. 38, n. Ser., u. a. 
mine; also on pokeweed and clover. Hibernates Dlv - Ent) 
beneath locust bark. 

22T3 (T0S0). Chalepus rubra Weber, Obs. Ent, 1801, 
60. 

Broadly wedge-shaped, depressed. Rose red or 
reddish-yellow, the elytra with indistinct darker mark- 
ings along the sides and on apical half ; under surface 
pale red to piceous. legs yellow. Vertex punctured. 
Thorax much broader behind, sides nearly straight; 
disk coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra much 
broader at apex, the margins flattened and serrate; 
disk with three entire eosta?, a shorter oblique one 
from umbone to second and another from apex of third 
for a short distance forward. Length 6-6.5 nun. (Fig. 
54T.) 

Throughout the State: frequent. May 6- 
Occurs on locust, oak, soft maple and 

linn. 





Fig. 547. X 6. (After 
Chittenden in Bull. 38, N. J lUY 21 
Ser., U. S. Div. Ent.) 



1228 



FAMILY LILT. CHRYSOMELIDJE. 



2274 (7082). Chalepus nervosa Panz., Ed. Voet, IV, 1798, 92. 

Elongate-oblong, nearly parallel. Color variable from nearly uniform 
rose red to nearly piceous, with a few indistinct reddish or yellowish spots ; 
legs pale. Vertex with a median groove. Thorax one-third wider at base 
than apex, sides nearly straight, front angles often prominent and denti- 
form ; disk coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra each with three entire 
acute costie, the first broader, and but eight rows of punctures ; margins 
and apex serrulate. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 8-June 28. Occurs on 
weeds and bushes of many kinds. Mating May 28. 

Charistena nigrita Oliv., rather elongate, black, with faint bluish 
lustre, length 8.8 mm., is said to be widely distributed over the At- 
lantic region. 

LXXVI. Stenispa Baly. 1858. (G-r., "narrow or straight. ") 

Elongate, subcylindrical, black or bluish-black species, having 
the antennas 11- jointed, the third joint cylindrical, nearly as long 
as the first two; 4 to 10 subequal, 11th longer and subacute at tip; 
front concave with a carina between the antennae; thorax quadrate; 
tarsi dilated, densely pubescent beneath, first joint triangular, third 
deeply bilobed; tarsal claws divaricate. One of the two species has 
been taken in the State, while the other may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF STENISPA. 

«. Black with a slight bronze tinge. 2275. metallica. 

aa. Black with a bluish tinge ; thorax red. collaeis. 

2275 (7093). Stenispa metallica Fabr., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 66. 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Uniform black, shining, with a slight bronzed 
tinge. Thorax a little longer than wide, sides nearly straight, feebly curved 
near front angles ; surface very sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra slightly 
wider than thorax, each with ten entire rows and a scutellar row of rather 
fine punctures. Length 5-6 mm, 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 29- July 28. Occurs 
on grasses and sedges in moist meadows. 

S. collaris Baly, length 6.5-7 mm., was described from Okla- 
homa. 

Tribe XII. CASSIDINI. 

Small or medium-sized, oval or circular, usually subdepressed 
beetles, having the margins of the thorax and elytra expanded and 
flattened, beneath which the head and legs are retractile so as to be 
almost wholly concealed in repose. On account of their form they 
are often called "tortoise" or "turtle-beetles," and are for the most 
part very prettily colored, sometimes being bright golden in hue 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1229 



during life, but rapidly fading after being- kept in the cabinet a 
short time. 

The larva? are oval, flattened, prickly grubs, feeding upon the 
surface of leaves, often in company with the adults. They occur 
mostly upon the morning-glory, wild sweet potato and other mem- 
bers of the Convolvulus family, and sometimes do much damage to 
the foliage of the cultivated plants. From the rear end of the body 
they often extrude a long forked process which is bent forward over 
the back and to which they attach pieces of their cast-off skins and 
excrement, thus forming a sort of parasol to protect themselves from 
birds and other natural enemies. Of the six genera recognized from 
the United States, four are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CASSIDINI. 

a. Thorax rounded in front, head concealed. 

&. Thorax with the extreme margin thickened; form oval, convex; 
larger, 9-11 mm. LXXVII. Physonota. 

hi). Thorax with simple flattened margins; smaller, not over 7 mm. 
c. Antennae short, not reaching beyond the base of thorax. 

LXXVIII. Cassida. 
cc. Antenna? longer, extending beyond the base of thorax. 

LXXIX. Coptocycla. 

aa. Thorax less rounded in front, bisinuate at base; head partially exposed; 
larger, 9-11 mm. LXXX. Chelymorpha. 

LXXVII. Physonota Boh. 1854. (Gr., "swollen + back,") 

One large oblong-oval, strongly convex species belongs here. 

2276 (7096). Physonota unipunctata Say, Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1824, 434 ; ibid. II, 206. 
Oblong-oval, convex. Pale greenish-yellow ; thorax 
with three black dots, the middle one oblong ; apical half 
of antennae, meso- and metasterna, and abdominal seg- 
ments in part, black. Thorax smooth, the hind angles 
rounded. Elytra fine, sparsely and irregularly punctate. 
Length 9-11.5 mm. (Fig. 548.) 

Lake and Vigo counties; scarce. June 5-Au- 
gust 14. Occurs on flowers of Crataegus, on the 
horse-mint (Monarda) and the rosin weed (Silph- tig. 548. 
mm), both larva? and adults feeding on the latter. 

LXXVIII. Cassida Linn. 1735. (NL, ''helmet.") 

The members of this genus are known as "helmet-beetles," the 
word Cassida being a Latin term for helmet or shield. They are 
oval in outline and have the head wholly concealed, the antenna^ 




1230 



FAMILY LIII. CHRYSOMELID.L. 



short, the body more convex than in the next genus. Five species 
probably occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CASSIDA. 

a. Elytra with black spots or stripes. 

6. Elytra each with three small, obscure black spots near the middle, 
two of these sometimes absent. 
c. Dull red ; larger. 6-7.5 mm. 2277. nigripes. 

cc. Dull yellow ; smaller, not over 5.5 mm. 227S. ateipes. 

&6. Elytra dull yellow, each with sutural line and two stripes black; 
thorax reddish-yellow. 2279. bivittata. 

aa. Elytra uniform green or greenish-yellow without spots or stripes. 

d. Under surface black ; elytral punctures confused. thoeactca. 
dd. Under surface pale : elytra each with nine rows of very coarse punc- 
tures. 22S0. PALLIDULA. 

2277 (7007). Cassida nigeipes Oliv.. Encyc. Meth.. V, 1790, 34S. 

Broadly ovate. Dull red; elytra each with three ob- 
scure black dots near the middle ; under surface and legs 
black, shining; base of antennce, tibia? in part and tarsi 
reddish. Thorax twice wider than long, broadly rounded 
in front, smooth. Elytra with edges thickened and re- 
flexed, base deeply emarginate. the humeral angles promi- 
nent; each with nearly regular rows of fine, scarcely im- 
pressed punctures. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 549.) 

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 26-Sep- 
tember 28. Occurs on wild morning-glory and sweet potato vines. 

2278 (7097a). Cassida ateipes Lee. Col. of Kan., 1859, 28. 

Smaller and less broadly oval than ni gripes. Color (after death) dull 
yellow, the elytra each with a small, round black spot near middle of disk 
and usually two oblong ones on sides. Thorax shorter and proportionally 
wider than in rtigripes, the hind angles much less rounded than there. Ely- 
tra as in riigripes except that the sides on basal half are less abruptly de- 
clivous or sloping ; intervals finely alutaceous. Length- 5-5.5 mm. 

Taken in small numbers by TVolcott near Pine and Millers, Lake 
County. May 21-May 30. Described from Long's Peak. Listed as 
a variety of nigripes, but in my opinion distinct. 

*2270 (7008). Cassida bivittata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Y, 1S26, 
205; ibid. II. 341. 

Oval, convex. Thorax yellowish, with 
a large triangular brownish-red space at 
base ; elytra dull yellow, with the suture 
and two stripes on each, connected at apex, 
black or dark brown ; under surface and 
legs piceous. Thorax coarsely, sparsely and 
shallowly punctate. Elytra with regular 
rows of rather coarse, deep punctures, 
those of the submarginal row larger and black. Length 4.5-6 mm. (Fig. 550. ) 





Fig. 550. 2, Larva; 3, pupa; 4, beetle. 
(After Riley.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1231 



Throughout the State ; common. February 8-December 22. Hi- 
bernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. Occurs on sweet po- 
tatoes and wild members of the Convolvulus family, often doing 
much injury to the former. The leaves only of young plants should 
be dipped in a strong solution of arsenate of lead. 

C. thoracica 111., length 7 mm., is known from Illinois. 
*22S0 (7100). Cassida pallidula Boh., Mon. Cass., II, 1858, 457. 

Oblong-ovate, sides nearly parallel. Uniform dull green or greenish- 
yellow ; antennae with last three joints piceous. Thorax twice as wide as 
long, the angles all broadly rounded; margin very broad, flat and translu- 
cent. Elytra with humeral angles prominent, margins broadly flattened, 
punctures very coarse and close-set; intervals narrow. Length 5-5.5 mm.' 

Vigo and Perry counties; scarce. February 11-December 29. 
Riley records it as attacking egg-plant, the horse-nettle and other 
species of Solanacew* 

LXXIX. Coptocycla Chev. 1834. (G-r., "cut + circle. ") 

The members of this genus are known from those of Cassida by 
their longer antennae and more depressed form, with broader and 
more flattened margins of thorax and elytra. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COPTOCYCLA. 

a. Elytra without black spots or dark markings. 

&, Elytra wholly golden yellow (dull reddish-yellow after death), not 
alutaceous. 2281. bicolor. 

bb. Elytra brownish-red, very finely granulate or alutaceous. 

2282. PURPURA TA. 

aa. Elytra with black spots or marks, sometimes wholly black, except the 
margins. 

c. Disk of elytra with numerous tubercles or elevations, the margins 
pale at middle and apex. 2283. clavata. 

cg. Disk of elytra without distinct tubercles, the margins pale from near 
humeral angles to apex. 
(I. Dark discal space of elytra broken by numerous yellow or pale 
s P° ts - 2284. SIGNIFERA. 

(Id. Dark discal space without spots, black, shining. 2285. plicata. 

2281 (7102). Coptocycla bicolor Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 369. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above brilliant brassy or 
greenish-golden in life ; dull reddish-yellow after death ; un- 
der surface and last four joints of antenna! black. Margins 
of thorax and elytra broadly expanded, very thin and trans- 
lucent. Elytra each with a small, rounded, depressed space 
on disk, a large oblong one (often interrupted at middle) 
near margin, and with about ten rows of small, feebly im- Fig. 551. 
pressed punctures. Length 5.5-6 mm. (Fig. 551.) 

*Amer. Nat. XVI, 1882, 679. 
[78—23402] 




1232 



FAMILY LI1I. CHRYSOMELID^E. 



Throughout the State; frequent, May 21-October 23. Occurs 
on morning-glory, bittersweet and sweet potato vines; commonly 
known as the ''gold-bug'' and in life one of the most brilliant of our 
beetles. Of it Harris says: "When living it has the power of 
changing its hues, at one time appearing only of a dull yellow color, 
and at other times shining with the splendor of polished brass or 
gold, tinged sometimes also with the variable tints of pearl. The 
wing covers, the parts which exhibit a change of color, are lined be- 
neath with an orange colored paint, which seems to be filled with 
little vessels ; and these are probably the source of the changeable 
brilliancy of the insect." 

2282 (7105). Coptocycla pukpurata Boh., Mon. Cassid., Ill, 1857, 300. 
Broadly oval, more convex than bicolor. Above uniform dull red, the 

margins less expanded, translucent ; under surface black ; antennae, tarsi 
and front tibia? pale. Elytra minutely granulate or alutaceous, each with 
a small impression on middle of disk ; the rows of punctures fine, feebly 
impressed. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Martin County; rare. May 16. Ranges from Pennsylvania to 
Kansas. 

2283 (7107). Ooptocycla c la vat a Fabr., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 39S. 
Broadly oval. Base of thorax and disk of elytra brown ; 

margins of elytra with pale spot near middle and another 
much smaller at apex ; under surface pale yellow. Elytra 
with numerous conical elevations or tubercles, the largest 
on suture in front of middle. Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 552.) 

Lake, Wells, Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. 
March 20-September 17. Beaten from linden and oak 
foliage. A large and easily recognized species. 




Fig. 552. 



2284 (7104). Coptocycla signifera Herbst, Kafer, VIII, 1791, 313. 

Broadly oval. Dull yellow ; base of thorax usually 
with a large black spot, enclosing two pale ones ; disk of 
elytra black with irregular yellow spots, margins pale ex- 
cept near humeral angles ; under surface black, its sides 
yellow, except two joints of antenna? dusky. Margins of 
thorax and elytra as in Iricolor. Elytra finely alutaceous, 
the discal depressions and rows of punctures more irregu- 
lar than in Mcolor, the punctures coarser. Length 5.5- 
6 mm. (Fig. 553.) 

Throughout the State; common. February 14- 
Septemher 25. Occurs on foliage of thorn, buckeye and especially 
cn that of members of the Convolvulus family. Hibernates beneath 
mullein leaves and rubbish. Listed as C. qutiata. 




Fig. 553. 
(After Riley.) 



THE LEAF BEETLES. 



1233 



2285 ( ). Coptocycla p lic ata Bon., Moiiog. Gassid., Iir, 1857, 49:'>. 

Form of Ueolor. Above black, shining, the margins of thorax and ely- 
tra, except humeral angles of latter, pale yellow. Tinder surface pale, the 
center of abdomen darker. Elytra each with a round, deep fovea on mid- 
dle; punctures coarse and shallow. Tarsal claws pectinate at base. Length 
6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 12-, June 10. Swept from 
roadside herbage. 

LXXX. Chelymorpua Chev. 1834. (Qr., " tortoise + shape,") 
This genus contains large convex species, with the margins of 
thorax and elytra comparatively narrow, the former bisinuate at 
base and emarginate in front so as to leave the head partly visible. 
The presternum is grooved and prolonged behind the front coxa?, 
the apex fitting into a notch in the mesosternum. One of the two 
recognized species occurs in the State. 

2286 (7109). Chelymorpha akcus Herbst, Col., VIII, 1801, 278. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Bright brick red; thorax with 
four black dots arranged in a transverse row, and often 
two others behind them ; elytra each with six black dots 
and a common sutural one near the scutellum ; under sur- 
face, legs and outer antennal joints black. Thorax and 
elytra alutaceous, the former finely and sparsely, the lat- 
ter more coarsely and rather densely punctate, the punc- 
tures not in rows. Length 9.5-11.5 mm. (Fig. 554.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 7-Au- 
gust .11. Occurs on milkweed and on wild potato 
(Ipomwa pandurata L.) . It is well fitting that this 
large and difficult family should close with this prettily marked 
species, which is among the largest and most striking of our native 
Chrysomelids. 

Family LTV. BRUCIIIDZfl. 

The Pea and Bean Weevils. 

A small family of short, thick-bodied beetles, all but one being 
less than one-fourth of an inch in length. They are closely allied to 
the Chrysomelids, but differ from most species of that family in 
having short serrate antenna- and the tip of the abdomen exposed, 
and from all in having the mentum distinctly pedunculate. They 
also resemble very closely the Anthribidie, a family of the Rhyncho- 
phora or snout beetles, but the labium and palpi are of the ordinary 
form and the head is but little prolonged in front. 




1234 



FAMILY LIV. BRUCHIDiE. 



In addition to the characters mentioned the Bruchidae have the 
mentum transverse, more or less emarginate in front, its base sup-' 
ported by a peduncle; maxillary palpi four-jointed, the terminal 
joint slightly oval ; head free, usually denexed ; eyes large, more or 
less emarginate in front ; antenna? 11- jointed, dentate or pectinate, 
inserted at the side of the head in front of the eyes; thorax mar- 
gined at the sides; elytra entire or truncate, pygidium always ex- 
posed; front coxas oval, moderately prominent, the cavities closed 
behind; hind coxa? transverse, narrowly separated; abdomen with 
five free ventral segments; front and middle legs of moderate 
length, their femora not dilated ; hind femora usually dilated and 
often toothed ; tarsi with the first joint elongate and with the two 
following densely clothed beneath with spongy pubescence, the 
third joint deeply bilobed ; tarsal claws usually broadly toothed at 
base. 

The larvae of these weevils live in the seeds of leguminous plants, 
especially those of peas and beans, to which at times they cause 
great injury. The eggs of the pea-weevil are laid upon the pod 
while the peas are quite small, and when hatched the young bore 
through the pod into the young peas and spend most of their lives 
within the latter. Every person who eats peas in quantity has 
doubtless swallowed hundreds of these small worms, but "where 
ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be Avise. " The larva, before trans- 
forming, eats a circular hole on one side of the pea, leading only a 
thin scale, which is easily pushed away by the mature beetle. The 
latter usually remains in the pea until spring and is often planted. 
The seed peas should be placed in water and those which float 
picked out and destroyed; or the peas should be placed in a close 
receptacle and exposed for a few hours to a small quantity of car- 
bon-bisulphide. 

The principal paper treating of the North American species of 
the f amily is by 

Horn. — "Revision of the Bruchidas of the United States," in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873, 311-342. 

In this paper 55 species are recognized and distributed among 
three genera; while one genus and about half a dozen species have 
since been described. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRUCHIDJE. 

a. Hind tibiae with two slender jointed spurs; front coxae entirely sep- 
arated by the presternum; size larger, 7-8 mm. I. Spermophagus. 
aa. Hind tibiae without jointed spurs; front coxae very prominent, con- 
tiguous; smaller," not over 5 mm. II. Bruchus. 



THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVIL-. 



1235 



I. Spermophagus Schon. 1833. (Gr., ' 'seed + eating. ") 

This genus is represented east of the Rocky Mountains by a sin- 
gle medium-sized oval species having the hind tibiae compressed, 
cylindrical and armed with two unequal jointed spurs, the inner 
one short and placed at right angles to the tibia. 

2287 (7111). Spermophagus robinije Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 397. 

Oblong-oval, feebly convex. Dull reddish-brown, clothed with grayish- 
yellow pubescence; thorax clouded with piceous; elytra with small black 
spots arranged in five irregular transverse rows. Thorax nearly semicircu- 
lar, truncate in front, base at middle truncate, bisinuate each side; surface 
sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, with dense fine punctures in the in- 
tervals. Elytra broadest at middle, their tips broadly rounded; surface 
striate, the striae punctate ; intervals feebly convex, densely punctate. Length 
7-7.5 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent ; more so in the southern coun- 
ties. March 11-November 7. Probably hibernates. The larvae live 
in the seeds of the black locust and the honey locust or thorn, and 
the adults usually occur on the foliage or beneath the bark of these 
trees. 

II. Bruchus Linn. 1767. (Gr., "a locust without wings.") 

A large genus of small, robust oval species, 
quite variable in color and separated by Dr. 
Horn mainly by the armature of the hind fe- 
mora. The beetles must therefore be mounted 
so that the femora can be readily examined. Of 
this character he says : 1 1 The tooth of the hind 
femur is situated near the outer end at about 
one-fourth from the knee, on the lower edge and 
(except as noted in key) on the inner side. Be- Fig . 5 55. LtLdfe** 
tween the tooth and the knee is an emargination V nn : 

^ den 'n Bun. a, JS. ber., U. S. 

of greater or less depth in which the denticles are Div - Ent •) 
situated." The following species have been taken or should occur 
in the State: 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OR GROUPS OF SPECIES OF BRUCHUS. 

a. Thorax with tooth at middle of sides ; hind femur with tooth on outer 
side only. 2 288. pisorum. 

aa. Thorax not toothed on the sides. 

6. Disk of thorax elevated, with a median groove ; hind femur with a 
strong tooth and three denticles. 22S9. mimtjs. 

&&. Disk of thorax simply convex, not elevated. 

a Hind femur without tooth or denticles; elytra black with a large 
red space on each near the sides. discoideus. 




1236 



FAMILY LIV. — BRUCHID,E. 




cc. Hind femur with either one or two teeth or denticles, or both. 
d. Hind femur without denticles ; one or two teeth always present. 

Group A. 

del. Hind femur with denticles and usually a single tooth present. 

Group B. 

22SS (7115). Bruchus pisorum Linn.. Syst. Nat, II, 1765, 604. 

Oblong-- oval, subde- 
pressed. Black, feebly shin- 
ing; above, densely clothed 
with reddish-brown and 
whitish hairs; thorax with 
a triangular whitish space 
in front of scutellum ; ely- 
tra with yellowish, grayish 
and whitish hairs, the lat- 
ter forming an oblique band 
behind the middle; pygid- 
ium covered with gray 
hairs except two oval black 
spots near apex ; antennae 
black, the three basal joints 
rufous; legs black, front 

-tig. oob. A, young larva; B, prothoracic spinous process; C, larva 
greatly magnified; D, pea-pod, with tracks of entry; E, portion of pod tibiae and tarsi I'llfoUS j UI1- 
wHh egg. and the track made by larva; F, mature beetle. (After der surface Wack? shiniug< 

densely punctate, sparsely 
clothed with fine grayish hairs. Thorax broader than long, coarsely and 
densely punctate. Elytra slightly longer than broad, striate, the stria? finely 
punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm. (Fig. 556.) 

This is the "pea weevil" and occurs in abundance throughout 
the State wherever peas are cultivated. Its habits are given above 
under the family heading. 

2289 (7116). Bruchus mimtjs Say, Des. of N. Amer. Curculionidse, 1831, 
2 ; ibid. I. 260. 

Robust, subquadrate. Brownish, variegated with gray, black and white 
pubescence; sides of median ridge of thorax black or dark brown at sum- 
mit, divided by a small white spot; elytra with a common heart-shaped 
blackish spot behind the scutellum and with numerous small, black, oblong 
spots tipped with white at their basal ends ; antennae and legs pale reddish- 
brown, the hind ones banded with piceous; pygidium clothed with whitish 
hairs, male, or with a large, smooth, oval, brown space, female. Thorax 
bell-shaped, disk with two median ridges separated by a narrow groove and 
with a tubercle each side near base. Elytra nearly as broad as long, striae 
punctured; intervals flat, densely punctulate. Length 3 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-October 15. Occurs 
on flowers, especially those of red and black haws; ox-eye daisy 
and Eupatorium. It, as well as other members of the family, feign 
death and tumble to earth when disturbed. 



THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVILS. 



L237 



B. discoicleus Say, length 8-4.5 mm., is recorded from Ohio, 
Kansas and Colorado. 

Group A. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A. 

a. Hind femur with ;i tooth on both inner and outer margins; thai on 
inner side larger. 

h. Median basal thoracic lobe with elevated ivory-like space. ( Fig. 
555.) CHINENSIS. 
1)1). Median basal lobe with whitish hairs only. (Fig. 557.) 

QUADRIMACULATUS. 

aa. Hind femur with one tooth only on inner margin. 
c. Elytra black with red spots on the spaces. 
d. Suture depressed; elytra each with a red spot on middle which 
touches the side margins. 2200. bivulneratls. 

dd. Disk of elytra flat, the suture not depressed; elytra more black 
than rufous, the red spot near outer apical margin. 

CRUENTATUS. 

cc. Elytra wholly black, hind femora and tibiae bicoiored. nt^rinus. 

B. chinensis Linn., antennae of male strongly 
pectinate, length 3-4 mm., is known as the "cow- 
pea weevil," as it lives in seeds of cow-peas, beans, 
etc. B. quadrimaciilatus Fab., longer, less robust, 
with broader thorax, black with gray and white 
pubescence, length 3-4.5 mm., is known as the 
"four-spotted bean weevil,*' and also lives mainly 
in cow-peas. Both are widely distributed, have 
been introduced in seeds and are likely to occur 

anv place in Indiana. rimaculatus Fab. Icnale 

(After Chittenden.) 

2290 (7128). Bruchus bivulneratus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 
1873, 325. 

Oval, robust. Black, feebly shining ; elytra each with a large red spot 
at middle which reaches the margin but not the suture. Head elongate- 
oval, densely punctured. Antennas as long as head and thorax, the three 
basal joints reddish. Thorax shining, one-half broader at base than long, 
sides feebly curved and gradually narrowed to apex, base lobed at middle, 
surface densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra as broad as long, 
deeply striate; intervals flat, densely and rugosely punctate. Length 3- 
3.5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent, May 15-October 14. 
Occurs on flowers of milkweed and white snakeroot {Eupatorium ). 
The larva? are said to breed in the seeds of wild senna {Cassia mari- 
landica L.) . 




1238 



FAMILY LTV. — BRUCHID.-E. 



B. cruentatus Horn, length 3 mm., was described from Georgia, 
Illinois and Texas; B. nigrinus Horn, length 3-3.5 mm, is known 
from the " Middle States." 

Group B. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. Hind femur with a tooth in addition to denticles. 
&. Hind femur with one tooth and two denticles. 

c. Elytra dull reddish-yellow ; body beneath black, abdomen reddish. 

2291. PECTORALIS. 

cc. Elytra entirely black or dark piceous. 
d. Legs all black. 

e. Scutelium round, densely clothed with white pubescence. 

2292. ALBOSCUTELLATUS. 

ee. Scutelium more or less elongate. 

f. Pubescence of elytra variable in color, grayish ; interrupted 
on intervals, which are coarsely punctured. 

2293. distinguendus, male. 
//. Pubescence uniform in disposition and color, that of elytra 
very sparse. 2294. calvus. 

dd. Legs bicolored, front and middle ones reddish, hind femora black 
in part. 

g. Abdomen reddish or brownish-yellow. 2295. obtectus. 

gg. Abdomen and entire under surface black. 

ft. Pubescence of elytra interrupted on the intervals by darker 
spots ; spur of hind tibiae of normal length. 
i. Thorax roughly punctured; elytral intervals with coarse 
punctures. 2293. distinguendus, female. 

U. Thorax not roughly punctured; elytral intervals finely 
punctulate. 2296. hibisci. 

Tvh. Pubescence sparse, forming an X-like design; terminal spur 
of hind tibiae nearly half the length of the tibia itself. 

2297. LONGISTILUS. 

Hind femur with one tooth and three denticles. 

j. Oval, robust; black, clothed with grayish hairs. 2298. musculus. 
jj. Oblong-oval ; black, the elytra in great part rufous. 

2299. exiguus. 

aa, Hind femur with a few small denticles only. 

k, Antennae not as long as head and thorax. 2300. seminulum. 

Tch. Antennae longer than the entire body. 2301. macrocerus. 

2291 (7141). Bruchus pectoralis Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 1873 
333. 

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Elytra and abdomen dull red, the former 
sparsely clothed with silken yellowish pubescence; head, thorax, meso- and 
metasterna black; antennae black, three basal joints rufous; legs pale 
rufous, bases of hind femora and tibiae piceous. Thorax scarcely as wide 



THE PEA. AND BEAN WEEVILS. 



1239 



i c+vnio-ht- surface densely and rugosely punc- 

Posey County ; rare. June 6. Described from Texas. 
2292 ( 7144). Bevchus alboscuteixatus Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 
1ST3 334 

,„„„„„ „..„, moderately robust. Black, sparsely pubescent with gray- 
ish n^tn^™ interval of elytra interrupted, forming sh nrt ouadrate 
wlte spits; under surface black, more ^f^^'^lT^ 

Length 2.5 mm. ^ , 

A southern form taken only near Lincoln City, Spencer County 
May 24. Swept from roadside herbage. Breeds in the capsules _ of 
the water purslane (Ludmaia palustris Ell.) . Easily known by the 
round white scuteliun. The elytra are mottled much as xn to com- 
mon kiiisci. From the latter it is easily separated by the black legs 
and antennse, as well as by the form of the scutellum. 
2293 ( 7146). Bruchus distinguendIjs Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV, 
1873, 336. 

Broadly oval, robust. Black, rather sparsely ^« *^ 
bescence, that on the elytra ^^^J^^^ 

"istapcd. subtly ^^°£~£ f^'C; 

2.5-2.8 mm. _ * 11(fmt 

Lake, Martin, Knox and Clark counties - rare. June 30-Augurt 
8 Fonr specimens were taken from the ripening pods of the cat- 
gut or goafs-rue, Cracca virgMana L. A. southern form described 
from Georgia. 

oo 94 (7147). Beuchus caevvs Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV, 1873, 336 
Oblong oval Uniform black, very sparsely pubescent with grayish 

m »nex- surface finely and rugosely punctate. Elytra togethei less viae 
In mng surface shining, finely striate, the stri* indistinctly punctured, 
intervals flat, finely punetulate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Northern half of State, frequent; Knox County only m the 



1240 



FAMILY LIV. — BRUCHIDvE. 



south. April 20-October 25. Occurs in numbers along the borders 
of marshes, especially on the flowers of the black choke-berry 
(Aroma nigra Willd.). 

2295 (7150). Bruchus obtectus Say, Des. N. Am. Cure, 1831, 1; ibid. I, 

Oblong-oval, moderately robust. Black 
or dark piceous, clothed with dark grayish- 
yellow pubescence, that of elytra interrupted 
by transverse bands of darker color; abdo- 
men dull reddish-brown; antennae black, the 
four basal and apical joints rufous; legs red- 
dish-brown, under side of hind femora pic- 
eous. Thorax one-third wider at base than 
long, sides curved and gradually narrowed to 
tip, base lobed at middle; surface coarsely 
and sparsely punctured. Scutellum subquadrate. emarginate at apex. Ely- 
tra together not longer than wide, at base not wider than thorax, stria? 
punctured; intervals flat, densely punctulate. Pygidium rufous, broadly 
oval, coarsely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Length 2.5-3 5 mm (Fi^ 
558.) 

This is the well-known '/bean weevil," and probably occurs in 
numbers throughout the State, though taken only in Lake and 
Marion counties, where it is common in beans in the seed stores. 
March 9- July 14. 

2296 (7151). Bruchus hibisci Oliv., Ent., IV, 1795, 79. 

Broadly oval, robust. Black, moderately shining; sparsely pubescent 
with grayish-yellow hairs which on the elytra are frequently and irregu- 
larly interrupted by transverse bare spaces ; antennas pale reddish-brown, 
joints 4-9 often slightly darker; front and middle legs rufous; hind femora 
black, red at tip. Thorax twice broader at base than long, rapidly narrow- 
ing to apex; surface sparsely punctured. Scutellum whitish, bifid at tip, 
median line distinct. Elytra together as broad as long, disk convex, finely 
striate, the stria? punctured; intervals flat, marked with fine and coarse 
punctures intermingled. Pygidium black, broadly oval, sparsely punctured. 
Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; common. April 13-November 1. 
Breeds in the seeds of the rose-mallow (Hibiscus) , the beetles emerg- 
ing from seeds kept in vials from October 15 to November 1st. Oc- 
curs in spring and summer oil fiowers of red-bud, dogwood, red haw, 
etc, This is our only species having the denticles of the hind femur 
on the vertical face of the tooth itself. 

2297 (7152). Bruchus longistilus Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, IV, 
1873, 339. 

Oblong-oval. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent with whitish hairs, 
which on the elytra are arranged in an X-like design ; tibiae pale reddish- 



259. 




Fig. 558. X 7. (After Forbes.) 



THE PEA AND BEAN WEEVILS. 1 - 4 1 



B , hn _ tarsi niceous; antennae black, slightly longer 
brown ; femora piceous at base, tarsi P lceo ™> t b e tban 

than head and thorax, gradually thicker to tip 1 snr . 

long , sid es ^er^ the raid . 

face densely punctured. Elytra iuu&ei fH . ■> nmi 

:L finely punctured; interval fiat, densely punctate. « ^ - 
Lake and Crawford counties; rare. May 25-May 28. Saul to 
breed in the seeds of mallows. 

2298 (7155). Beuchus muscuuus Say, Desc. N. Am. Cure., 1831, 3; ibid. 

Oval, moderatel/Lust. Black, sparsely ^J^^^l 
antenna, usually entirely reddish, often w> * ^eous. 
dish-yellow, middle femora at base and hi ^ J^ 1 ^^ „ than 
Head coarsely punctured; eyes very deeply ^J^^Srite at base 
bead and thorax, gradually thicker to tip. ^orax om, mrd wid 
than long, rapidly narrowing from l^J^J^SC —red 
tured. Elytra subquadrate, disk natteneu, wii B 

trte- intervals flat, densely and finely pnnctulate. Leng h 2-2.5 mm. 
Marshall, Knox, Lawrence, Posey and Crawford counts; rare. 

June 2-September 4. 

2299 (7157). Beuchus exiguus Horn, Trans. Amer. But. Soc, IV, 1873, 
341 

■ ml* „,,.,,s,.lv clothed with short, fine grayish-yellow 
Oblong-oval. Black, syai sely elotnea g ^ 

pubescence; elytra in great part dul reddl *;™ 61 ^ le re(Wish . 

rowly Piceous; antemne black, four Urn* and 

~- ""^^^ — t apex, flnely striate, the 
densely punctured. Ely tia g a™ * ^ punc tulate. Pygidiun. 

stria, indistinctly punctured; intervals flat , dens y y 
reddish, rather convex, coarsely punctured and pubescent. Be g 

Vigo Posey and Jennings counties; scarce. April 27 . July li. 
Ocou s on flowers of the yellow puccoon and wild parsnip and said 
to breed in the seeds of the false indigo (ArnvrpM fruUcosa L.). 
2300 (7158). Beuchus smi«ULUM Horn. Trans. Amer. But. Soc, IV, 1873. 
342 

i i5ior.v «nnrselv clothed with pale gray pubes- 
Narrowly oblong-oval. Black spaisely ciorn 

with a row of distant coarse punctures. Length 1.5 mm. 

Vigo County ; rare. June 15. Taken from flowers of dogwood. 
Our smallest and most slender species. 

O301 (7159). BEUCHUS MACEOcnEUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc IV. 1S73, 



1242 



SERIES VI. HETEROMERA. 



entire body, subserrate. Thorax a little wider at base than long, sides fee- 
bly curved, surface densely punctured. Elytra slightly wider at base than 
thorax, together nearly as wide as long; striae indistinctly punctured, inter- 
vals flat, finely and rugosely punctured. Length 2-2.5 mm. 

Floyd County; rare. June 23. Readily known by the great 
length of antennae. 

Series VI. HETEROMERA. 
This series is sharply limited and is distinguished primarily, as 
the name implies, by the different number of tarsal joints, those of 
the front and middle legs always having five, while the hind legs 
have but four.* The food of the larvae is exceedingly variable, but 
consists for the most part of decaying vegetable matter, as rotten 
wood and fungi. Some, however, are carnivorous or parasitic. The 
following families of the series are represented in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF HETEROMERA. 

a. Front coxal cavities closed behind. 
6. Tarsal claws simple. 

c. Next to last joint of tarsi not spongy beneath ; front coxae short, 
not projecting from the cavities; tarsi without lobes beneath; 
antennae usually more or less bead-like, as long as head and tho- 
rax ; color almost always black or dark brown. 

Family LV. Tenebrionid.e, p. 1243. 
cc. Next to last joint of tarsi spongy beneath ; front coxa> more promi- 
nent; form elongate, slender; thorax in our species subcylin- 
drical, narrower than elytra ; length 7-14 mm. 

Family LYII. Lagriid.e, p. 1284. 
J)b. Tarsal claws pectinate or comb-like; form usually elongate-oval, con- 
vex ; thorax not narrowed behind and usually as wide at base as 
elytra, its side margins distinct; color usually brownish; length 
less than 12 mm. Family LVI. Cistelhxe. p. 1270. 

aa. Front coxal cavities open behind. 

d. Head not strongly and suddenly constricted behind the eyes. 
e. Middle coxa? not very prominent. 

/. Thorax margined at sides, broad at base, its disk with basal im- 
pressions; form usually elongate, loosely jointed; maxillary 
palpi usually long and pendulous, with the joints enlarged. 

Family LVIII. Melandbyid.e, p. 12S6. 
ff. Thorax not margined, narrower behind, disk not impressed at 
base; form usually long and narrow; head sometimes pro- 
longed into a beak. Family LIX. Pythid.e, p. 1302. 

*It would seem that the family Sphindids should be placed here, though usually classed with the Serricornia. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1243 



ee Middle cox. very prominent; thorax narrower at b- n ^ 
its sides rounded and without a sharp edge; next tolast tersa 
ioint broad, slightly bilobed; body covering rather fl.ms S in to 
joint oroau, b Faml iv LX. CEdemerid.e, p. 1304. 

M, Headstrong* and suddenly constricted behind the eye. 

g . Thorax with a sharp edge at sides, its base as wide as elytra. 

-^^TcStS, Plates; head with vertex lohed or ridged be- 
" 1 Ttn Un extension it reposes on the front edge of the 
2-a*; abdomen usually prolonged in a style or poin d 

Family LXI. Mora.Kt.um*:, P, 130S. 
fi . Hind'coL without plates; characters otherwise as in Melan- 
drvidfe; length less than 5.5 mm. 

Tribe (LVIII). Scraptum, p. 1299. 
H . Antenna* flabellate (male), subserrate (female): characters 

otherwise as in RhipipHoridse. 

Genus (LXY). Pelecotoma, p 1365. 

w Sides of thorax more or less rounded and without a sharp edge. 
, . Thorax at base narrower ^- elytra ^ 
7;. Hind cox* not prominent, tarsal cla^s >im L , 

form and simple; head with an abrupt narrow neck, length 
le^s than 12 mm., usually less than 5 mm. 

Family LXII. AM« P- 1326. 

i 7 TT4n/1 OAVOi Iqvcrp prominent. 

'\ Tarsal claws simple; head horizontal; antenn, nana* j 
branched in male, serrate in female: next to last taisal 

joints very broad. .„ 
Family LXIII. Pyrochroidje. p. Io40. 

II Tarsal claws cleft or toothed; front vertical; elytra and 

' .ides of abdomen without coadaptation ; length 6 oi 

n-re nuu Family LXIV. Meloid.e. p. 1350. 

* T '-' . " ' nc Alv tvn • form as in Mordellida?. the 

a Thorax at base as wide as elytia. ioiui 

abdomen not ending in a spinous process; elytra 

than abdomen and narrowed behind: antenna, pectinate in the 

males, frequently serrate in the females. 

Family LXV. Rhipiphorid.e. p. Mb*. 

Family LV. TENEBRIONIDJE. 
The Darkling Beetles. 
. A large family whose species vary greatly in size and form of 
body. In color they are mostly black or dark brow whence the 
name of the typical genus, Tenebrio, which is derived from a Latin 
name e I . 8 . , form8 have a peculiar loose- 

word meaning darkness. im i„„„_j 1^ The 

jointed appearance and long, rather clumsy and awl™ ard legs. 



1244 



I?A MIL Y LV. — TENEBRIONID.E. 



antennas are usually bead-like or moniliform, and the mouth parts 
rather small and not prominent. Our species occur for the most 
part on fungi or beneath bark, but in the desert regions of the West, 
where the family is richly represented, they take the place of the 
Carabida? and are found on the ground, beneath cover of any kind. 

In addition to the general characters given above, the Tenebrion- 
idaa have the head narrower than thorax; mandibles short, robust 
and furnished with a basal tooth ; eyes usually transverse, with their 
front emarginate; antennas inserted under the sides of the head, 11- 
(very rarely 10-) jointed; front coxae short, globose, separated by 
the prosternum, their cavities entirely closed behind; elytra rounded 
at tip, covering the abdomen, the latter with five ventral segments, 
the first three more closely connected than the others ; first joint of 
hind tarsi almost always longer than second ; tarsal claws simple. 

The larva? are long and slender, with the body often flattened, 
somewhat like a wireworm, and of a hard, horn-like texture. Six 
thoracic legs are present, and in addition, a short prop or pseudopod 
on the under side of the anal end. They are for the most part 
scavengers, living in dead or decaying wood and dry vegetable prod- 
ucts or fungi. Some of them, as the ''meal-worm,'' are injurious, 
though none attack growing crops. About 10,000 species of Tene- 
brionidas are known, 750 of which are listed from the United States. 
As already mentioned, the vast majority of these occur only in the 
Western and Southwestern States, where they often form the most 
striking feature of the Coleopterous fauna. In Indiana but one of 
the three subfamilies into which the family is divided is represented, 
and this only by 52 known species. The principal paper and the 
only one treating of the North American species of the family as a 
whole is by 

Horn.— "Revision of the Tenebrionida? of America," in Trans. 
Amer. Phil. Soc, XIV, 1870, 253-404. 

A number of genera have since been treated separately by Horn, 
Casey and others and the papers will be mentioned under their re- 
spective tribal or generic headings. 

Subfamily I. TENEBRIONINAE. 

In this subfamily, to which all the Indiana representatives of the 
family belong, the hind margin of the third and fourth ventral seg- 
ments is leather-like or coriaceous in texture ; the middle coxae are 
usually provided with a distinct trochantin and their cavities ex- 
tend outward to reach the epimera. The inner wings are more often 



1 9A r ) 

THE DARKLING BEETLES. 

present than absent and the tarsi are pubescent beneath. Nine of 
Se n tribes recognized by LeConte and Horn are known to be 
represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF TENEB1UON1N-E. 

. F , „t of head entires corneous or horn-like in texture, never hinged 
, ir S^ZTZ, n,t *** moderate or eiongate, never 
very short ; cheeks not silicate. 
c. Byes less prominent than the sides of front, more or less tin,,.- 
verse, always emarginate in front. 

Next to last joint of tarsi entire. 
a. jsextioias j mirtfl , P c . x,e with trochantin ; antennae 

e Front coxa- rounded, nndoie coxa 

with third joint usually longer than those followmg. 
, Front feebly dilated at the sides; tarsi with silken pubes- 
Ice beneath; form elongate, rather slender; size large, 
1 usually 12 or more mm. _ /. _ p . ,,. Ja 

„. Front broadly dilated at sides, emarginate in front; front 
tarsi of male dilated ; form short, oval ; smaller 6-10 mm. 
L Tribe IT. Pedinini, p. 

e , ,•;•„„, coxa, subtransverse ; middle coxa, -itliout tro^antin ; 
third joint of antenrae short ; tarsi pubescent the last joint 
long; form oval or elongate; length less than 12 mm. 

Sj Tribe III. Ulomini, p. 12o3. 

U Next to last joint of tarsi bilobod; surface coarsely punctured; 
Z gth less ban 6 mm. Tribe IV. Heterotabsini. p. 12oS. 
Ev „e prominent than the sides of front, usually rounded, fee- 
Z or n * emarginate; for,,, usually oval or rounded, convex, 
less than 7 mm. Tribe V. D.aberini p. 1-bCK 

bb Tal . impressed, their first joint short; cheeks sulcate; surta .e v iv 
j-tiifei tu i Tribe VI Boletophagint, p. 1-W>. 

m Front'ltb a coriaceous or leather-like margin, or a coriaceous band 

Z ween it and the labrum ; third joint of antenna, long. 

, S d s f front not obliquely elevated; abdomen not pedunculate, 

outer joints of antennae broader; bead not deflexed. 

outei j«,r,= Trlbe yII nKU „.| N1 , p. 120N. 

Sides of front obliquely elevated. 

ft inner wings wanting; metastermuu very short, body robust Co 
" 11 B Tri , H , Yin. Meracanthini, p. 120.'. 

vex 

/,„ Timer' wines present; metastemum long; body slender. 

/,/>. lnnei wnw i T _ be IX StrongY liini, p. l-^<>. 

Tribe I. TENEBRIONINI. 
Rather elongate, uniform black or piceouB species of medium or 
iarg^e, having the head prolonged, but scarcely narrowed behtnd, 



1246 



FAMILY LV. TENEBRIONIDJE. 



not received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse 
and einarginate ; front feebly dilated on the sides, covering the base 
of mandibles; antenna gradually thickened toward tips; elytra em- 
bracing feebly the flanks of the abdomen; legs long; tibial spurs 
small. Seven of the 18 recognized genera are known to be repre- 
sented in the State, while members of another perhaps occur. They 
live, for the most part, beneath the bark of dead trees. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TENEBRIONINI. 

a. Tarsi densely clothed beneath with fine, short, silken pubescence. 

I). Antennre distinctly shorter than head and thorax, their outer joints 
transverse, the last joint snbqnadrate, rounded at tip. 
c. Epipleura? entire, narrower at apex ; length 15 or more mm. 
d. Sides of mentnm with small inrlexed lobes; thorax not narrowed 
at base. I. Xyctobates. 

del. Sides of mentnm without lobes: thorax narrowing behind and 
crenulate on the sides. Iphthimus. 
cc. Epipleuree not reaching the tips of elytra. 

c. Femora strongly club-shaped, black, shining; larger, 1S-26 mm. 

II. Merinus. 

ee. Femora slender, in our species reddish-brown: smaller, not over 

11 mm - III. IlAPLA NDRUS . 

b~b. Antennae more slender, as long as or longer than head and thorax, 
the outer joints triangular, the last one oval, more or less acute. 
f. Front margin of front of head thickened and slightly reflexed. 

IV. SCOTOBATES. 

//. Front margin of front not thickened or reflexed. V. Xyeopinus. 
aa. Tarsi rather sparsely clothed beneath with coarse pubescence. 

g. Epipleurre entire ; form more or less convex : length 10 or more mm. 

VI. Tenebrio. 

gg. Epipleurse abbreviated ; head transverse ; form much flattened ; length 

5 ~ 6mm - VII. DOLIEMA. 

I. Ntctobates Ghierim 1834. ( Gr., ' 1 night + walker. ") 

Large black or piceous elongate forms, separated from allied 
genera only by the characters given in the generic key. Two of the 
three known species occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NYCTOBATES. 

a. Under side of mentnm smooth ; elytra] rows of punctures fine. 

2302. PENNSYLVANIA. 

a a. Under side of mentnm with a tuft of rather long yellowish hairs ; ely- 
tral punctures much coarser. 2303. barbata. 



V>±1 

THE DARKLING BEETLES. 

*.>30«> (7391). Nyctobates Pennsylvania DeGeer. Mem.. V. 1770 52 

fpeblv shining. Mentum coarsely punc- 
Elongate-oval, convex. Black, feeblj rectangn- 
tate. Thorax sulfate, slightly -™w^m front ^ ^ 

twnchflate. Length 20-23 mm. 

Throughout the State; common in the southern counttes k - so 
northward. Gregarious in winter beneath hark and logs. Febi uar> 
14-December 11. 

3303 (7391a) Nyctobates babbata Enoch, N. Beitrag., 1801, 160- 

Out usually smaller ^ 

Ma «* in hue. Thorax a lit* broader than ^JT£^£Z», the 
the shies more strongly rounded. Surface more distmcH , *\rt»< 
punctures of both thorax and elytra coarser. Length 1 ,-0 turn. 

T awrenee Spencer and Posey counties ; rare. April 15-July - 1 
K southern ortu which probably occurs only in the southern third 
of Sate Listed as a variety of pe.n^aniea but. in my opinion, 

^'thimus opacus Lee, black, opaque, head and thorax coarsely 
,nd eonfiuentlv punctttred. elytra with deep, mterrupted M 
LnU lEo mm is known front New England and Canada and 
may occur in northern Indiana. 

II. MERiNUsLec. 1862. (Gr.. "thigh + curve.") 
Here belongs the largest member of the family found in the 
State ah elonjte black form having the epipleura- extending be- 
" nd the last Antral suture, but not reaching the «£**2» 
mentum with the middle lobe prominent along the middle, the side 
SETX acute front angles; hind cox* rather widely separated, 
the intereoxal process Oval, rounded in front. 

2304 ( 7100). Mebinvs i^vis Ollv., Ent.. Ill, 1795. 10. 

i TU-wl- feeblv fining. Thorax about as long as wide. 
Elongate-oval. Black, rteoiy -mu s obtuse, sur- 

sHghtly narrowed in front, sides str f%^^~^ of Tery minute 
t ,ce very dnely and — P— ^a^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 

^I^S: tooth near the tip. Length mm. 

Tlrouohout the State; scarce. March 23-July 9. Occurs be- 
Throu tout y. pamuylMMca, but 

^y i^hS the club-shaped hind femora and the pe- 

euliar hind tibia? of male. 
[79—23402] 



1248 



FAMILY LV. — TENEBRIONID^E. 



III. Haplandrus Lec. 1862. (Gr., " plain + man.") 
. M edium-sized black or piceous species having the mentum trape- 
zoidal, truncate in front, narrower behind and inserted upon a nar- 
row peduncle; epipleuraa as in Merinus; femora slender, tarsi short- 
head rather strongly defiexed. One of the three known species 
occurs in the State. 

*2305 ( 7402). Haplandrus femokatus Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 154. 

Oblong-oval. Piceous, opaque; femora reddish-brown. Third joint of 
antennae longer than fourth, twice as long as second. Thorax nearly square 
sides almost parallel, angles rectangular; surface, as well as that of head' 
densely and confluently punctate. Elytra each with one scutellar and eight 
entire rows of elongate, deeply impressed punctures. Length 7.5-11 mm. 

Throughout the State, but scarce. Occurs beneath bark and logs, 
especially in sandy localities. Hibernates. January 13-December 
7. H. concolor Lec, having the third joint of antenna* short legs 
wholly black, length 8.5-9 mm, occurs in "Canada and the Lake 
Michigan region," and may yet be found in the northern counties. 

IV. Scotobates Horn. 1875. (Gr., "dark or obscure + walk.'') 
Rather large black species having longer antennas than any of 
those preceding, and the front margin of the head thickened and 
slightly reflexed. The males have an elongate patch of yellow hairs 
on the under side of the front femora near the base, and the front 
tibiae armed with a short blunt tooth near the middle. One of the 
two known species occurs in the State. 

2306 (7411). Scotobates calcahatts Fab., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 159. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining with a bluish metallic lustre 
Thorax slightly broader than long, sides feebly curved; front angles obtuse 
hind ones rectangular ; surface finely, rather sparsely and irregularly punc- 
tured. Elytra with punctured stria-; intervals feebly convex, minutely punc- 
tulate. Length 14-17 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 31-August 12. Occurs 
beneath stones, logs, bark, etc. 

V. Xylopinus Lec, 1862. (Gr., "wood + be hungry.") 
Elongate, slender black or piceous forms, having the front mar- 
gin of head truncate or feebly emarginate, not thickened. Males 
with the front and middle tarsi more distinctly dilated than in 
Scotobates, the front femora smooth beneath. Three species are 
known from the United States, two of which have been taken in 
the State, while the other may occur. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1249 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XYLOPINUS. 

a. Body black, not metallic. 2307 SAPERD joides. 

h. Legs black. rufipes. 

hh. Legs reddish-brown. 230g ^ NESCEXS . 
aa, Body brown with a brassy tinge. 

2307 (7413) Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv., Ent., Ill, 1795, 11. 

_5v< vi^o;. fpphiv shining; antennae and 

Elongate, subparallel, convex. Black, feebly smni ng , 

erately convex, sparsely and finely punctured. Length 12-16 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 16-August 26. Occurs 
especially beneath the bark of oak. 

X rufipes Say, length 11-16 mm., is said to have the same range 
as saperdioides and is probably only a variety of that species. 

•>308 (7415) XYLOriNes ^nescens Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., 1866, 120. 

Elongate-oval. Brownish or piceous, bronzed, shining. Thorax one- 
third — than long, sides broadly rounded ; ^i ^- 

less prominent. Length 13-15 mm. 

Marion County; rare. May 24. Occurs in the Middle and 

Western States." 

VI. Tenebrio Linn. 1758. (Or., "darkness.") 
Medium-sized black or brownish, elongate-oval or parallel, feebly 
convex forms having the tarsi clothed with a coarser, less dense and 
more rigid pubescence than in the preceding genera ; antenna, 
gradually thicker toward the tip; palpi and tarsi short. Four spe- 
eds are known from the United States, all of winch occur m In- 
diana. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF TENEBRIO. 

a. Trcchantin of middle cox* very distinct ; form elongate, narrowly oval 

or parallel. 9 obscurus. 

h. Surface dull, opaque; length 14-11 mm. 

hh. Surface more or less shining. ^otitor 
c. Thorax broader than long ; length 13-16 mm. 2310. mol,tor. 

cc Thorax nearly square; length 9-10 mm. 2311. castaneus 

aa TrocMntin of middle coxre very small; form more broadly oval; length 

ad. llOCIlctULiii u 9Q19. TENEBRIOIDES. 



12-13 mm. 



1250 



FAMILY LV. TENEBRIONID^E. 




*2309 (7416). Tenebkio obscirls Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 140. 

Elongate, narrowly oval. Piceous or dark reddish- 
brown, opaque. Thorax subquadrate, slightly nar- 
rowed in front; sides feebly curved, margins rather 
wide, retlexed, hind angles acute; surface, as well as 
that of head, densely and granulately punctate. Ely- 
tra nearly parallel, surface with rows of fine punc- 
tures ; intervals finely and densely granulate. Length 
14-17 mm. (Fig. 559.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 
1-June 9. Both this and the next are introduced 
species and live in granaries, storehouses, barns, 

Fig. 559. x 2. (After etc - Their larvae ar e the " meal-worms " which 
chjttenden m\ iv, n. are apt to occur wherever there is a heap of 
grain remnants or debris. By removing or 
changing such refuse their breeding places will be broken up and 
the beetles kept in check. When its use is practical carbon bi- 
sulphide will kill both larva? and adults. 

*2310 ( 7417) . Tenebrio molitor Linn., Faun. Suec, 
1761, 224. 

Resembles obscurus in form. Piceous, shining. 
Thorax broader than long, less narrowed in front; 
margins broader, more strongly reflexed; front an- 
gles more prominent, hind ones less acute ; surface 
finely and rather densely punctate, the impressions 
each side near base more distinct than in obscurus. 
Punctures of elytral striae indistinct ; intervals con- 
vex, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 13- 
16 mm. (Fig. 560.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. Janu- 
ary 11-July 14. Occurs with the preceding. 

2311 (7418). Tenebkio castaneus Knoch., Neue 
Beitrag., 1801, 171. 
Elongate, parallel. Blackish- or reddish-brown, feebly shining. Tho- 
rax nearly square, truncate at base, distinctly emarginate at apex; sides 
nearly straight, margins wide, strongly reflexed; front angles prominent, 
rounded, hind ones rectangular; surface finely, deeply and rather densely 
punctate. Elytral striae rather deep, strongly punctate ; intervals finely and 
sparsely punctate. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. March 12-November 23. Prob- 
ably hibernates. Occurs beneath bark and logs, especially in low, 
open woods ; gregarious in early spring. Fresh specimens have the 
upper surface finely pruinose. 

*2312 (7419). Tenebkio tenebrioides Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer.. 1805, 121. 

Elongate-oval. Black or dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax one- 
third broader than long, sides feebly curved ; margins narrow, scarcely re- 




Fig. 560. X 2h. 
(After Forbes.) 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1253 



flexed; base sinuate, angles not prominent ; surfaee w, , co so and fine 
punctures intermixed, the coene ones more numerous .„, the sides Elytia 
Lie closely and densely punctate; intervals subeonvex, tmely and rathe, 
densely punctulate. Leugtb 12-13 nun. 

Throughout the State; common beneath hark. Hibernates, 
February 20 December 8. 

VII. Doliema Pasc. 1860. (dr., "insidious.") 
Small, pale, very flat species having the antennse gradually 
thickened towards the tip. The males have a small triangular horn 
or tooth each side of the head in front of the eyes. One of the two 
known species occurs in the State. 

2313 ( 7421). Doliema pallida Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, HI. 1824, 
271; ibid. II, 160. 

Oblong, parallel, much depressed. Pale reddish-brown. Head concave 
between the eyes; clypetts eniarginate. Thorax obcordate much ,J -ed 
behind the middle, apex broadly and deeply emargmate, front angles 
otded hind ones rectangular; surface finely and sparsely paired and 
with a short impressed line each side near base. Elytra with urns of mi 
ante punctures, the side margins slightly elevated. Length 4.0-0 mm. 

Crawford County ; rare. September 8. Occurs beneath bark. 
Resembles a Cueujid in form and general appearance. Listed as 
Adeline, pallida. 

Tribe II. PEDININI. 
Iu this tribe the body is oval, not very convex; front short and 
broadlv dilated on the sides ; clypetts emargmate, covering the base 
of mandibles; labium, prominent; elytra feebly embracing the sides 
of abdomen; middle cox* with distinct troehantin; hind cox* well 
separated- front and sometimes the middle tarsi of males dilated 
and spongy beneath. But two of the six recognized genera are rep- 
resented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PEDININI. 

a. Eyes not entirely divided: mentum tri.ohed in 

„„. Eyes completely divided, the upper portion large, rounded: -"not 
trilobed ; length less than 7 mm. 

VIII. Hopatrinus Latr. 1829. (Gr., < ' also + a senator.") 
To this genus, as above limited, belong three species, one of 
which occurs in Indiana. 



1252 



FAMILY LV. — TENEBRIONID^E. 



*2314 (7425). Hopatrinus notus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1826, 237 ; ibid. II, 304. 
Oblong-oval. Black or brownish-black, opaque; antenna) and tarsi pic- 
eous. Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides 
nearly straight; margin slightly thickened, hind angles long, subacute; sur- 
face densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra not striate, but with 
rows of large, deeply impressed punctures ; intervals with minute punctures, 
each bearing a very short, prostrate yellow bristle. Length 8-11.5 mm. 

m Southern half of State ; frequent in sandy localities beneath 
chips, bark, logs, etc. Hibernates. February 14-December 12. 

IX. Blapstinus Latr. 1829. (Gr., "to injure + to attempt.") 

Small oblong or oblong-oval, black or piceous species, having the 
base of thorax bisinuate and as wide as base of elytra ; inner wings 
always present, sometimes very rudimentary; front tibige straight, 
not produced at apex; antennas stout, joints 4-8 longer than broad; 
upper portion of eyes large and rounded. Of the 40 or more spe- 
cies listed from the United States by Casey, but three occur in 
Indiana. For a synoptical table and description of the North 
American species see: 

Casey.— In Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V, 1890, 416-462. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BLAPSTINUS. 

a, Elytral stria; not interrupted; pubescence persistent; hind angles of 
thorax somewhat prolonged backward. 2315. mcestus. 

a a. Elytral striae more or less interrupted; pubescence scant, easily re- 
movable, often almost absent. 
&. Surface lustre rarely bronzed ; color piceous-black, the elytra slightly 
paler ; elytral stria? more finely punctured and less interrupted. 

2316. I N TERRUPTU S . 

T)h. Surface lustre strongly bronzed; elytral striae more coarsely punc- 
tured and widely and frequently interrupted ; thorax more sparsely 
punctured. 2317. metallicus. 

*2315 (7442). Blapstinus mcestus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 
1846, 65. 

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining ; rather sparsely clothed 
with fine, short, yellowish, prostrate pubescence. Thorax one-half wider 
than long, feebly narrowing from base to apex, hind angles subacute, promi- 
nent; surface sparsely and deeply punctate at middle, more closely and 
coarsely at sides. Elytral stria- feebly impressed near suture, more deeply 
on sides, where their punctures are coarser; intervals finely and sparsely 
punctured. Length 4.7-5.4 mm. 

Lake and Vigo counties; frequent beneath rubbish and other 
cover, especially cacti in sandy localities. March 7-October 1. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1253 



2316 ( 7444). Biapstinus ihtebbufius Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Scl, 
III, 1824, 204; ibid II, 155. 
Oblong, rather robust and convex. Black, finely alutaceous; elytra pic- 
eous o^urely tinged with bronze. Thorax three-f^r ths wnl« than 1 , 
sirt<4 straight to near apex, then converging to the apical angles, apex 
bCdlfmartlnate hind angles acute; surface rather densely and coarsely 
nunrturr he fovea, well marked. Elytra together about one-half 

rig^ tfan wtde; strbe feebly impressed, very finely and 
the rows more or less interrupted; intervals sparsely and rathet coarselj 
punctured. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Throughout the state ; scarce. April 23-May 29. Several speci- 
mens were taken from a dead hen and others front cement Side- 
walks and beneath rubbish, usually in sandy localities. Broader 
and more oblong than the next. 

2317 (7445) Blapstinus metallicus Fabr., Syst. Eleut, I, 1801, 143. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Bronzed, rather strongly shining. Thorax as in 
*«ZZ, except that the disk is more fin «^ ly^n, 
middle. Elytra! punctures coarse and widely interrupted in sets of one to 
four or five, thus causing the surface to appear rugose, intervals flat, 
sparsely and very finely punctate. Length 4-4.8 mm. 

Lake, Marion and Vigo counties; frequent. March 26-October 
1. Occurs with mmstus and probably hibernates. Often attracted 
by light. 

Tribe III ULOMINI. 
Elongate or oval, usually somewhat depressed species having the 
head immersed in thorax to eyes, which are transverse and emargi- 
nate; front dilated to cover the base of mandibles; antennas 11- 
jointed, the outer joints more or less thickened ; middle coxa, with- 
out trochantin, hind coxa, slightly separated; tarsi pubescent be- 
neath, the last joint much elongated. They live under bark in 
fungi or in dried vegetable products. Representatives of but five 
of the 16 genera have been taken in the State, though those of three 
others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ULOMINI. 

a Antennae with the last two or three Joints suddenly broader (except in 
Tribolium confusum) ; length less than 5 mm. 
J). Club of antennae 3-jointed ; epipleura very narrow at Up. 

m>. Club of antenna- 2-.iointed ; epipleura distinct at tip. XI. Dicedus 
an Antennal ioints gradually broader to tip. 

0. "of thorax not margined, the hind angles never covering the hu 

nieral angles of elytra. 
d, Last joint of maxillary palpi oval; length less than 4 mm. 



1254 



FAMILY LV. TEXEBRIUNIDJE. 



e. Head of male unarmed; scutelluin broadly transverse- eye* 

rounded, entire. XIL Gm ^ COBSE 

ee. Head of male armed with two pointed tubercles: scutelluin little 
wider than long ; eyes transverse, divided. Gxathocebus 
dd. Last joint of maxillary palpi triangular; head of male not tubercu- 
late : length more than 6" mm. 

f. Epipleurae entire : front tibiae more or less dilated, fmelv toothed : 

last joint of antenna oval. XIII. Alphitobius. 

ff. Epipleura? abbreviated; color dark reddish-brown. 

g. Front tibiae slender : first joint of hind tarsi short ; form elon- 
gate. suMepressetf. Thaesus. 
gg. Front tibia? broad, serrate: form broad, subconvex. 

. XIV. Uloma. 

gg. Base of thorax margined, the hind angles covering the humeral an- 
gles of elytra : front tibiae slightly dilated, finely denticulate. 

EUTOCHIA. 

X. Tbiboijum McLeay. 1825. (Gr., " thrice pointed.") 
Small elongate parallel species having the antennae slender, the 
last three joints suddenly dilated to form a flattened club ; mentum 
nearly square with rounded front angles: last joint of maxillary 
palpi elongate-oval, truncate at apex. Two of the three listed spe- 
cies occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TEIBOLIUM. 

a. Head not expanded beyond the eyes at the sides: anfennal club dis- 
tinctly three-jointed. ( Fig. 561. /.) 2318. FEBEUGIXEUM. 
aa. Head expanded each side of front of eye; antennal joints gradually 
broader to tip. (Fig. 561. c.) 2319. confusum. 

*2318 (7463). Teieolium feeeugixeum Fab.. Spec. Ins.. I. 1781, 324. 

Elongate, slender, parallel. Pveddish-brown. shining. Thorax one-half 
wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rectangular; surface finely 
and rather sparsely and deeply punctate. Elytra witlTthe intervals repre- 
sented by very narrow, fine raised lines, the stria; with rows of minute 
punctures. Length 4-4.5 mm. (Fig. 561.) 

Southern half of State : common in meal, grain and other vege- 
table products. Hibernates. February 2-Xovember 22. Both this 
and the next species are commonly known as "flour beetles" or 
"flour weevils." and "live upon cereal and other seeds and various 
other stored products, but generally prefer flour and meal and the 
so-called 'breakfast foods.' Their eggs are often deposited in the 
flour in mills, and these and the larva- they produce, being minute 
and pale in color, readily escape notice; but after the flour has been 
barreled or placed in bags and left unopened for any length of time 
the adult beetles make their appearance, and in due course the flour 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1255 



is ruined, for when the insects have time to propagate they booh 
convert the flour into a gray, useless mass. A part of the annoy- 
ance to purchaser, dealer and manufacturer is due to the fact that 




& vUr. 





Fig 561. Tribolium confusion; a, beetle; b, larva; c, pupa, d, side lobe of abdomen of pupa; e head of beetle, 
homing eye and antenna; /, same of T. ferrwineum. (After Chittenden m Bull. IV, N . Ser., U. S. Dn . Ent.) 

the insects are highly offensive, a few specimens being sufficient to 
impart a. disagreeable and persistent odor to the infested sub- 
stance. ' ' 

2319 (10,017). Tribolium conflslm Duval, Gen. Col. Eur. Cat.. 18GS, 181. 

Slightly larger, darker and more depressed than ferrugineum, from 
which it can be easily separated only by the characters given in key. 1 bo- 
rax more coarselv and shallowly punctate, with the hind angles more promi- 
nent and the basal impressions wholly absent; punctures of elytra less dis- 
tinct. Length 4.5-5. (Fig. 561.) 

Marion, Orange and Vigo counties; frequent. January 17-No- 
vember 25.' On January 17, 1896, I received from Dr. Robert Hess- 
ler of Logansport, Ind., a pillbox of Cayenne pepper m which 
were a dozen or more adult specimens of this beetle. The box was 
placed in a drawer of my desk and not opened again until March 
20 when the beetles were as lively as ever. On September U it was 
opened for the third time. Two living adults and numerous half- 
grown larva? were found therein, together with the uneaten bodies 
of the dead adults. The pepper being perfectly dry. the question 
arises- How did the insects secure sufficient moisture to live and 
nourish when enclosed in so .small a box? Both this and the pre- 
ceding are imported species, and both are occasionally museum 
pests, preying upon dried insects, etc. The best remedy is the bi- 
sulphide of carbon treatment, as described on preceding pages. 



1256 



FAMILY LV. — TEXEBPJOXIDJE. 



XI. DKEDrsLee, 1662. ^Gr., " two -f swellings.") 

Here belongs a single small oblong reddish-brown species having 
the last two antenna! joints suddenly broader, compressed and 
pilose, the last cne being the larger : epipleurae entire, as broad at 
apex as at middle ; mentum trapezoidal, narrower behind, its front 
angles distinct. 

*2320 (7465). DicEnrs punctatus Lee. Xew Sp. X. Am. Col.. I, 1866. 131. 

Oblong, convex. Dark reddish-brown, glabrous, shining. Thorax one- 
third broader than long, scarcely narrowed in front ; sides feebly curved, 
strongly but narrowly margined, hind angles rectangular ; surface coarsely, 
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra each with eight deep, coarsely punctured 
striae : intervals convex, minutely punctulate ; scutellar stria wanting. Length 
3—3.5 mm. 

Yigo and Crawford counties: scarce. April 12-December 25. 
Occurs beneath logs and bark of pine. 

XII. Cjexocorse Thorn. 1859. (Grr., " common.") 

Small oblong species having the eyes rounded, 
prominent, entire: antennae rather robust, the 
joints gradually but feebly enlarged toward tip: 
first joint of hind tarsi but slightly longer than sec- 
ond and third. 

2321 ( ). CLenocorse ratzebubgi Wissm., Stett. Ent. 

Zeit. IX. 1848, 77. 

.big. 562. (After Chit- x- n ■, ■,' -. 

tenden in Far. Bull. 45, Elongate-oblong, s lender, parallel. Reddish-brown. 
U. s. Dep. Agr.) shining. Thorax convex, nearly square, slightly narrowed 

behind, sides almost straight; surface minutely aluta- 
ceous, finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra striate, the sutural and 
adjacent striae rather deeply impressed, finely and deeply punctate; inter- 
vals flat, very minutely and rugosely punctate. Length 3-3.5 nun. ( Fig. 
562.) 

Knox County: rare. May 6. Taken by sift- 
ing. Probably occurs throughout the southern 
third of State. It is known as the ' 'small-eyed 
flour beetle" and occurs in feed stores, bakeries and 
other places where cereal products are kept. 

An allied species. GnatJwcerus maxillosus Fab. 
(Fig. 563), feeds especially on corn and corn meal, 
and is often injurious in the Southern States. It 
has been recorded from Cincinnati. 





XIII. 



(Gr., "barley 



Fig. 563. (After Chit- 
tenden in Far. Bull. 45. 
U. S. Dep. Agr.) 



Alphitobius Steph. 1832. 
meal - to live in.") 

Two medium-sized introduced black or piceous species belong 
here, one of which has been taken in the State. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1257 



2322 ( 7445). Alphitobil s diaperinus Panz., Faun. Germ., 1707. 37. 

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax twice as 
wideasTng, sides nearly strait: ape, deeply emarginate fro* 
nrominent rounded, base bisinnate; surface, as well as that of head, rather 
SSTS Punctured. Elytral strne slightly impressed, finely and 
tuLvlv punctate: intervals feebly convex, distinctly punctate, the punc- 
ture* nearly as large as those of the strne. Length 6.5-7 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. March 7- April 12. Taken from barn 
whereVrain was stored. It resembles some of the larger species ot 
Platydema, but is easily distinguished by the less prominent eyes 
and large punctures of elytral intervals. 

Tharsus sedUiosus Lee, elongate., depressed, reddish-brown, 
shining, length 5 mm., is a southern form which has been recorded 
from Cincinnati. 

XIV. Uloma Cast. 1840. (Or., '•destructive/') 
Medium-sized, reddish-brown species, easily distinguished by 
the ^short epipleur* and dilated and toothed front tibiae. Three spe- 
cies have been taken, while a fourth may occur. 

KEY. TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ULOMA. 

«. Lower edge of front femora grooved for their full length, 
o Last joint of antennas rounded at tip. 

c. Elytral intervals very minutely and sparsely punctured; middle 
plate of mentum elongate-oval. 2323. impressa. 

cc Elytral intervals densely punctulate; middle plate of mentum trans- 

" , 2325. PTTNCTUIATA. 

versely oval. 

Vb Last joint of antennae oblique, pointed : middle plate of mentum trans- 

UU. Ltax>i 2324. IMBERBIS. 

ad. Lower edge of front femora not grooved but with a rather broadpit 
near the tip. 

*2323 (7481). Uloma impeessa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill, 
1846, 64. 

Oblong subparallel. Chestnut-brown, shining ; legs reddish-brown. Front 
of head with a deep curved impression. Thorax one-third wider than long 
as wide at base as elytra: sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse: surface 
finely and sparsely punctate, the males with a broad. ^ ™sxon e- 
hind the middle of the front margin. Elytra almost parallel, rathei deep y 
striate, the stria, with punctures on the sides : intervals subconvex, mmutelj 
punctulate. Length 11-12 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. February 14-October 12. 
Occurs especially beneath the bark of oak and beech. 
*2324 (74S2). Uloma imberbis Lec., New Sp. N. A. Col.. I. 1S66. 123. 

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, shining. Head 
as in impress*. Thorax one-half wider than long, slightly narrowed in 



1258 



FAMILY LV - -TENEBRIOXID.E. 



front of bind angles ; sides distinctly curved ; surface finely and sparsely 
punctate. Elytral striae more coarsely punctured than in impressa; the 
intervals more distinctly punctulate. Length 8.5-9 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. February 11-Oetober 20. 
Readily known from impressa by its smaller size and form of ter- 
minal joint of antenna?. 

2325 (7485). Uloma ptjnctdiata Lee. New Sp. N. A. Col.. I. 1866, 124. 

Elongate-oval, subparallel. Uniform pale reddish-brown. Sides of tho- 
rax parallel behind the middle. Intervals of elytra finely and densely punc- 
tulate. Male with thorax not impressed Dear apex, and middle tibia* mucro- 
nate. Otherwise as in impressa, which it closely resembles. Length 7- 
8.5 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. July 21. Occurs beneath bark of pine. 
Known heretofore only from the Southern States. 

Uloma men talis Horn, dark reddish-brown, length 8.5 mm., was 
described from Texas and Kansas and has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati. 

EutocUa picea Melsh., black, shining, length 8.5 mm., is said to 
"occur rather abundantly in the Middle States." 

Tribe IV, HETEROTARSINI. 

Small oval winged species, having the upper surface very coarse- 
ly punctate and usually sparsely clothed with erect hairs ; head not 
received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are large and 
coarsely granulated; front slightly dilated over the base & of the 
mandibles; epipleurce narrow, extending to tips of elytra; front 
coxae globose; middle ones with a distinct trochantin ; hind ones 
slightly separated; tarsi coarsely pubescent beneath. Three genera 
are recognized, all of which are probably represented in the State. 

KEY TO GENERA OF HETEROTAESIXI. 

a. Antennae gradually thicker toward apex; body pubescent. 

XY. AX.EDTTS. 

aa. Antennae with the last three joints distinctly larger. 

6. Margin of thorax toothed ; body pubescent. XVI. Paratexetus. 
lb. Margin of thorax simple ; body without hairs. Prateus. 

XV. An^dus. Blanch. 1845. (Gr., "shameless.") 

To this genus, as above limited, belong but two species, one of 
which occurs in the State. 

*2326 (7488). Ax.edus bruxxeus Ziegler. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 
1844. 45, 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with 
rather long, erect yellowish hairs; antennae and legs paler. Head coarsely 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



twice as wide as long, abruptly narrowed ea en s a 

^^■^tysrsiss -« • - 

5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent in sandy localities beneath hark, 
logs and stones. Hibernates. March 1!) .December 25. 

XVI Paratenetus Spin. 1844. (Gr., "close together + to ex- 
tend.") 

Small oval convex brownish species, easily known by the char- 
acter Sen m key. The thorax is narrower than the elytra and 
Tas the lide margins distinctly toothed. Two species are known 
from the State, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF FARATENETUS. 

„ Si^orax strongly rounded from flu, front fo the hind angles^ 
„.„. Sides of thorax with three teeth; elytra strongly convex. 

P puncUtus Spin., reddish-brown, length 3-4 * « * 
the Middle and Eastern States, and has been recorded from Cm- 

cinnati. 

2,9 T (7491). PAKATENETOS puscus Lee., Agass. Lak Sup. 1850, 223-_ 

^gate-oval, convex. Dull —h^m 
silky, yellowish pubescence; club of antem * p.c ecu,. ^ ^ 
broader than long, convex ; s, irtace, as we & allel for three- 

densely and confluently punctured. Kytra g» ; u 1 ^ 
fourths of their length, thence rounded to M>ex , 
and irregularly punctured. ~* ^ 

*<>»r; ^r^geTglven » ".S and the States 
sifting dry leaves. Its range i& give 

bordering the Great Lakes." 

2328 ( __). I'AHA l KNKTl'S , IPEN N1S MolK. ™»^^»«~ 

Narro wly oval strongly convex. ^°^^t<L rounded on 
ly pub escent: antenn « and *gs p^er. = co^ ^ ^ 
apical two-thirds, parallel and a little ^ ^ aeftgely 

S£* 'stfsrss x-r^ous..- ^ — and 

pflher closely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm. 



1260 FAMILY LV. TENEBRIONIME. 

Starke and Steuben counties ; scarce. June 16-June 17. Sifted 
from sphagnum moss about the margins of marshes. 

Prateus fusculus Lee, piceous, shining, strongly punctured, 
length 3.5 mm., ranges from New York to South Carolina and has 
been recorded from Cincinnati. 

Tribe V. DIAPER INI. 

Oval or rounded winged species of medium or small size, having 
the head received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are trans- 
verse and coarsely granulated ; front somewhat dilated at the sides, 
covering the base of the mandibles ; antennae more or less thickened 
towards the tip ; elytra with narrow epipleurae ; front coxae trans- 
verse, middle ones with distinct trochantin; tarsi pubescent be- 
neath. Six of the eight genera are represented in the State, while 
a member of another may occur in the northern third. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DIAPEEINI. 

a. Body broadly oval or elongate-oval ; pygidium covered. 
1). Eyes emarginate in front; length 3 or more mm. 

c. First joint of hind tarsi not longer than second; body broadly oval, 
strongly convex. XVII. Diaperis. 

cc. First joint of hind tarsi longer than second. 

d. First joint of hind tarsi not longer than second and third to- 
gether ; form elongate-oval ; length 3-3.5 mm. 

XVIII. Arrhenoplita. 
del. First joint of hind tarsi longer than second and third together, 
e. Epipleurae entire ; process between the hind coxae acute. 

f. Last joint of maxillary palpi broadly triangular; body 
broadly oval, strongly convex ; length 4 or more mm. 

XIX. Platydema. 

ff. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate triangular ; form elon- 
gate-oval ; length less than 3 mm. XX. Phylethus. 
ee. Epipleurae short ; intercoxal process truncate ; thorax narrower 
at base than elytra ; color greenish-bronzed, shining. 

SCAPHIDEMA. 

&6. Eyes not emarginate; last five joints of antennae forming a loose 
club ; length less than 3 mm. XXI. Pentaphyllus. 

aa. Body cylindrical ; pygidium exposed ; length less than 4 mm. 

XXII. Hypophlceus. 

XVII. Dtaperis Goeff. 1762. (Gr., "through + to pass.") 

To this genus as limited above belong two species, one of which 
is common in the State. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



1261 



2329 (7506). Diaperis maculata Oliv., Encyc. Meth., VI, 1791, 273. 

Broadly oval, convex. Black; head be- 
tween the eyes and elytra, in great part, 
orange-red; the latter being marked with 
black as follows: a sutural line not reaching 
scntellnm and wider on apical half, a rounded 
spot on middle of basal third and another 
elongate and smaller one near the margin, a 
large irregnlar spot on apical half reaching 
from margin nearly to sutural line. Thorax 
nearly three times as wide as long, finely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rows of rather 
fine, feebly impressed punctures; intervals 
flat, minutely and sparsely punctulate. Length 6-6.5 mm. ( Fig. 564.) 

Throughout the State; common and gregarious beneath bark, 
especially that of elm, and in fungi. March 16-Sept ember 9. 




Fig 564. o, larva; b, beetle; c, under 
side of head of larva; d,-leg of same; e, an- 
tenna of beetle. (After Riley.) 



XVIII. Arm.knopi.ita Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "strong + weapon. ) 

Small elongate-oval, bluish or greenish species, having the epi- 
pleurae abbreviated and the males (in our species) armed with two 
short horns on elypeus and two longer ones on vertex. Two ot the 
three recognized, species occur in the State. Formerly listed under 
Hoplocephala. 

2330 (T50S) Akrhknofijta yibidipennis Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 5S6. 

Elongate-oval. Thorax, legs and under surface, except abdomen, orange- 
red- head abdomen and apical half of antenna* piceous; elytra green or 
blue with metallic lustre. Thorax nearly three times as wide as long, sides 
Lbir curved, hind angles rounded, surface finely and ratter sparsely punc- 
tate Elytra finely striate-punctate ; intervals nearly flat, minutely puuctu- 
late. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Posey County; scarce. April 13. Taken from beneath bark of 

fungus covered log. Probably throughout the southern third ot 

State. 

*->331 (7509). Arrhenoplita bicorhiS Oliv.. Ent., III. 1795. 55. 

Differs from the preceding in having the whole upper surface bluish- 
green the thorax sometimes varying to brownish ; under surface, except pro- 
^ernun, usually piceous. Eiytral strhe more coarsely punctate. Length 
3-4: mm. 

Throughout the State ; very common on fungi of various kinds. 
Hibernate! February 25-October 11. The head of female m both 
species is wholly devoid of horns or tubercles. 



1262 



FAMILY LV. — TENEBRIONIDJE. 



XIX. Platydema Lap. 1831, (Gr., "broad -body.") 

Small or mediiun-sized, broadly oval convex species having the 
first joint of hind tarsi longer than the two following together: 
epipleurie entire; mesosternum concave: last joint of maxillary 
palpi broadly triangular, its inner and outer sides nearly equal; 
mtereoxal process of abdomen triangular, acute, They occur es- 
pecially on fleshy fungi about the bases of stomps or trees or be- 
neath bark About 16 species are known from the United States, 
ten of which are known from Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO IXDIAXA SPECIES OF PLATYDEMA. 

a. Head with horns or tubercles ; front concave. 

h. Upper surface black, shining. 2332. excayatum. 

TjTj. Upper surface piceous or dark reddish-brown, opaque. 

2333. eeythbocera. 

a a. Head without tubercles or horns. 

c. Thorax dull red. elytra black. 2334. bfjficoixe. 

cc. Thorax and elytra black. 
d. Surface opaque. 

e. Elytra without red spots. 

/. Antennas wholly pale. 2335. bfttcoknt:. 

ft. Antennas black, three basal joints pale. 2336. fiaytpes. 

ee. Elytra each with an oblique red spot on basal half. 

2337. ELLTPTICFM. 

d(L Surface shining black. 

g. Prosternum horizontal, its apex prominent. 
h. Head with distinct transverse groove and frontal impression. 

AMERICAN UM. 

hh. Head without transverse impression. 

i. Thorax very sparsely punctured. 233S. i^vepes. 

ii. Thorax and intervals of elytra densely punctured. 

2339. mi cans. 

gg. Prosternum convex between the coxie, its apex deflexed and ob- 
tuse. 

j. Elongate-oval; black with a bronzed tinge: smaller, not over 
5 mm. 2340. picilabbum. 

jj. Broadly oval: larger. 6-7 mm. 2341. subcostatfm. 

*2332 ( 7510). Platydema excayatfm Say. Joum. Phil. Acad. Mat. ScL 
III. 1824, 267 : ibid. II. 157. 
Broadly oval, convex. Black, shining ; antennas and legs reddish-brown, 
the latter sometimes piceous. Head of male with two parallel, prominent, 
cylindrical horns between the eyes : front deeply concave between the bases 
of the horns : head of female with tubercles instead of horns. Thorax more 
than twice as wide as long, narrowed from base to apex, surface finely and 
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rather finely punctured striae : intervals fee- 
bly convex, minutely punctured. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Thronghont the State- common. January 11-October 14. 



THE DARKLING BEETLES. 12 



2333 (7512) 

355. 



Platydema erythrocera Lap.. Ann. Sci. et Nat., XXIII, 1831, 

Broadly oval.^onvex ^ 
tinge; under surface and ap^al halt 1 ut. ... n. 
brown. Head and thorax , as . n excavalum. ■ 
coarsely punetured; intervals flat, smooth. Length ..... i mux 

Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. May 14-October ... 

2334 ( 7513). Platydema reeicolee Lap. Ann. Sei. et Nat., XX11I. 1831, 
375 

m«nv or dark reddish-brown, subopaque; thorax, an- 

tured ; Intervals flat or nearly so, smooth. Length o-l.o mm. 

Lake, Posey and Perry counties; rare. April 21 -September 2, 

*2335 (7511). Platydema refkorne Sturm Cat., 1S26, 68. 

.,„ „„.,, „,.,..., opaque or piceous, with a purplish tinge; 

„r* zs^zi ^^z^^-^ 

yellow. Thorax more than twice as wme a base a*ta£, the » 

very minutely punctulate. Length 4-0.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; very common on fleshy fungi and beneath 
bark. Hibernates. March 12 December 8. 
2336 (7515). Platydema elavipes Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 567. 

Resembles r„.«,or<,, but more elongate. Black « — J am 
team, blach except the ^J^^^^TL^, 
,egs, are reddish-brown. lho1 ^. ^ F ^ Hmes coarser than in 



4-5 mm 



Clark and Posey counties: rare. May i> September 25. 

0337 ( 7518). Platydema ellipticem Fab.. Syst. Eleut.. II. 1801, 566. 

1 ,, R,„ci- onaaue- elytra each with an oblique, very irregu- 
Elongate-oval. Blau v opaque . en „„.,„.„ Thorax finely and 

=ssi~~ ... «. 

punctures. Length 5.o-< mm. 

Southern half of State; frequent March 20-October 14. Oc- 
curs beneath bark on fungus covered logs. 

r on length 5-6 5 mm., is said by Horn to be 
P amencanarn Lap.. Lengxn o v.o ^ 

abundant in the -Northern States and Canada. 
[80—23402] 



1264 



FAMILY LV. — TENEBRIONIDiE. 



2338 (7521). Platydema ljevipes Hald., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci I 

1842, 101. 

Rather broadly oval. Black or piceous, shining ; elytra often brownish ; 
antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax about three times as wide at bas- 
as long, feebly narrowed from base to apex ; surface faintly alntaceous, very 
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra deeply striate, the striae with fine, not 
closely placed punctures ; intervals subconvex, minutely punctulate. Length 
5-6 mm. 

Fountain, Vigo, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce April 
14-July 9. 

2339 ( 7523). Platydema micans Horn, Trans. Amer. Phil Soc XIV 1870 

383. 

Broadly oval. Black or piceous black, strongly shining; antennae and 
tibiae pale reddish-brown, femora darker. Thorax more than twice as wide 
at base as long, sides nearly straight and converging from base to apex; 
surface rather densely and finely punctured and with a small impression 
each side at base. Elytra with rows of moderately coarse punctures ; in- 
tervals rather densely and finely punctured. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Lawrence County; scarce. July 29, Several specimens were 
taken from decaying fleshy fungi. Resembles the female of exca- 
vation in color and form, but easily distinguished by the lack of 
tubercles and more dense punctuation. Known heretofore only 
from the Gulf States. 

*2340 (7524). Platydema picilabkum Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Ill, 1846, 62. 

Oblong-oval. Black with a brassy or greenish tinge; antennae and legs 
reddish-brown. Head with a shallow transverse groove in front of eyes. 
Thorax two and a half times as wide as long, surface densely and rather 
coarsely punctate, and with a large shallow fovea each side near base. Ely- 
tral striae rather deep, marked with coarse punctures; intervals flat, finely 
but distinctly punctulate. Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce. March 4-November 
7. Occurs especially beneath bark of elm. The oblong form, brassy 
lustre and larger impressions at base of thorax serve to distinguish 
this form from all its allies. 

*2341 (7025). Platydema subcostatum Lap., Ann. Sci. Nat., XXIII, 362. 

Broadly oval. Black, shining; antennae reddish-brown; legs darker, 
almost piceous. Head with a transverse impression in front of eyes. Tho- 
rax three times as wide as long, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytral striae 
feeble, the punctures fine; intervals flat, minutely punctulate. Length 5.5- 
6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; common. January 11-October 23. 



1265 

THE DARKLING BEETLES. 

XX Phylethus Meg. 1821. (Gr., "member of a tribe.") 
Small oval species having the last joint of the maxillary palm 

StoWs, the ckypeus 

vation each side. One species occurs m Uie easiei 
including Indiana. 



Nat. Sci., 



,342 (7526). Phylethus bxfascxatus Say Journ. Phil. Acad. 
Ill 1824, 268; ibid. II, 15b. 
Etengate-oval. ^dish-brown, ^^^^X 
low , with the suture a = «r ^d. a^nar^ ^ ^ 
apex, dark brown or blackish, lnoiajr f w impressed, finely 

surface finely and densely punctate. Elytra watt teet 5 1 
punctured stria,; intervals flat, densely punctnlate. Length 

Lake, Marion, Lawrence and Vigo counties; scarce. May 29- 
October 19. Occurs beneath bark and in fungi. 

7 , To c dull jrreenish-bronzed, shining, length 
Scaphidema mneolum Lee, dull greemsn u ^.^p™ Tn- 

3.5-4.5 mm., is a boreal species which may occur m northern 

diana. 

XXI p»miiiu« M« 1821. (0r,"«ve*>«0 
State. 

^ . T T tt»ttg j 9c New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866, 
2343 (7538). Pentaphyllus pallidus Lbc., *ew 

126 

TT^ifnrTTi nale reddish-brown, minutely pubes- 

Length 2.5 mm. , 9 

Marion Monroe, Dubois and Spencer counties ; scarce. May 12- 
Jun! 12. Taken by sifting the debris of beech and maple stumps. 

XXII Hypophlceus Fab. 1790. (Or., "under + bark.") 
Small subcylindrical species, having the antenna, gradually 

thickened- tibiae somewhat broadened; epiplenr* short. Two spe 
oS have been taken in the State, while two others may occur. 



1266 



FAMILY LV. TENEBRIONID^E. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYPOPHLCEUS. 

a. Thorax regularly convex. 

h. Thorax emarginate in front, its front angles distinct; color uniform 
pale reddish-brown. 2344> p ar aluelu s . 

00. Thorax truncate in front, its front angles obtuse. 

c. Disk of thorax finely and sparsely punctate; upper surface bi- 

colored. 00/)K 

, 2345. thoracicus. 

cc. Disk of thorax with longitudinal wrinkles ; upper surface uniform 
dark brown ; length 3.8 mm. bugosus 
ua. Thorax depressed with a broad longitudinal excavation; head and tho- 
rax reddish-brown, elytra blackish; length 3.8 mm. cavls. 

2344 (7532). Hypophlceus parallelus Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 

III, 1846, 03. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, parallel. Uniform reddish-brown, shining. Tho- 
rax as long as wide, front angles prominent, acute, hind ones rounded ■ sur- 
face finely, rather closely punctate. Elytra not striate, the punctures fine 
and ra.ther dense. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. July 23. Occurs beneath bark. Ranges 
from Canada to Arizona. 

2345 (7535). Hypophlceus thoracicus Melsh., Proc Phil. Acad Nat Sci 

III, 1846, 63.. 

Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Reddish-brown; elytra black, sparselv 
pubescent with erect yellowish hairs. Thorax slightly longer than wide 
sides almost straight, angles all rounded; surface finely and sparsely punc- 
tate. Elytra little more than twice as long as thorax ; sparsely and finely 
punctured. Length 3-3.5 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. July 11. Occurs from Canada to Georgia. 

H. cavus Lec. was described from Kentucky and H. rugosus 
Dury from Cincinnati. Both probably occur in the southern third 
of the State. 

Tribe VI. BOLETOPHAGINI. 

. 0bl(m g< opaque, winged species having the surface roughened 
with tubercles ; head received in thorax as far as eyes, which are 
coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate and with a large groove 
beneath them for the reception of the base of the antennae; epi- 
pleurae narrow; front coxa- transverse middle ones with a small but 
distinct trochantin; hind coxae well separated, the intercoxal process 
triangular; tarsi pubescent beneath, the last joint longer than the 
others united. Two genera are known, both being represented in 
the State. The species occur on woody fungi which grow on the 
sides of trees or stumps or benea th bark. 



THE DARKL1KG BEETLES. 



KEY TO GESEEA OF BOLETOPUAG1NI. 

„. Antenna 10-jointed; eyes not entirely divided. BotEIOTHEBCS . 
„„. Antenmu 11-jointed ; eyes completely divided. XXIV. »*««™ s " 



XXIII. 



Boletotherus Candeze. 1861. (Gr.. "fungus -to 
hunt." 




iig. 565. X ?. 
(After Emit ens ) 



In this genus the males have two horns, slightly curved and 
broade t tip projecting forward from the thorax, and a short 
horn bifid a, tip, on the elypeus. The fetnales have the thorax 
strongly taberculate. One species is known. 
2346 ( 7540). Boletothekvs bWuecus Fab., Ent 
Svst. Supp., I. 1T98, 40. 
OWong, robust. Black or b r o w nisB- b 1 a c k, 
opaque. Thorax three times as broad as long, mar- 
^ broadly flattened and serrate with rounded 
teeth: the disk with horns or tubercles as above 
mentioned. Elytra each with four rows o larae, 
irregular tubercles with smaller ones on the inter- 
vals Length 10-11.5 mm. (Fig. 56o.) 

vais. r,en e m October IT When dis- 

Throiighout the State : frequent Mat -t-O.to Lei - 
turbed they feign death, their form and rong hened surf . ee b endn 
with the irregularities on the surface of the fungi m such a mannei 
as to render the beetles almost invisible. 
XXIV Boletophagus Illig. 1798. (Or., "fungus 4 eating.") 
' Two species are known from the eastern ^ed State, both £ 
which probably occur in Indiana, though but one has as j et 
Sen. The head and thorax are not horned m either sex. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF BOLETOPHAGUS. 

thp margin strongly creuulate 
a. Thoracic disk with numerous tubercles, the margin S COKncoUL . 

and deeply notched in front of innd a ^ gldes regularly 

aa. Disk of thorax coarsely punctured, not tubeiatiat DEpRESSVS . 

rounded, not creuulate. . 
o34T (7541). Boletophagvs coimcow Say. Jcurn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sc,, 
V 1826, 239; ibid. I, Ho- 
Oblong, robust.' Black or J^"^ J^J^ £ 
prominent, the ^ ^^s granules or smai, tuber- 

"wnb row r f widely interrupted elevated lines or elongate 
^rcS^maner ones in tbe intervals. Length S-S.o mm 

Se County: scarce. May 28. Tahen from beneath bark ol 
birch and pine. 



1268 FAMILY LV. TENEBKIONID.E. 

B depresses Rand., color of corlicola, elytra finely costate, in- 
tervals with a single row of coarse punctures, length 5-7 5 mm is 
said to occur in the Eastern and Middle States and Canada. 

Tribe VII. HELOPINI. 
In this and the following tribes the front of head is separated 
trom the labrum by a short transverse clypeus of leather-like tex- 
ture. The present tribe is composed of medium-sized oblong or oval 
species having the head immersed in thorax almost to eyes the 
latter transverse, emarginate and coarsely granulated; antenna 
gradually thickened from base to apex; front coxas rounded/ middle 
ones with distinct trochantin ; hind cox* narrowly separated, the 
intercoxal process triangular; tarsi pubescent beneath, front and 
middle ones of males usually dilated. The tribe is represented by 
the single genus : 

XXV. Helops Fab. 1775. (Gr., "a nail <- face.") 
Dark metallic species, usually with a strong lustre About 35 
are known, chiefly from the West and Southwest. But three have 
been taken m the State, though two others perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELOPS. 

a. Inner wings present. 

6. Side margins of thorax not undulated. 

c Elytra finely striate; intervals finely and sparsely punctured - apex 
of last ventral segment with a depression. 2348 micans 

cc. Elytral striae deep; intervals convex, almost without punctures- 
apex of last ventral without depression. venustus' 
66. Side margins of thorax undulate; form narrower and less convex-' 
elytral striae deep. 9 oaq 

„„ T .„ . , 1 2349. AMEEICANUS. 

aa. Inner wings absent. 

d. Side pieces of presternum with numerous shallow grooves. 

, 7 c,.-, . „ 2350. ^keus. 

dd. Side pieces of presternum coarsely punctured. cisteloides. 

2348 (7546). Helops micans Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 157. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, shining ;' elytra with indis- 
tinct bluish and greenish-metallic stripes. Antennae slender, half the length 
of body, the three outer joints shorter. Thorax one-half broader than long 
emarginate in front, margins feebly sinuate, angles rectangular; surface 
coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctate. Elytral stria, fine, indis- 
tinctly punctate; intervals flat, finely and sparsely punctate. Apex of last 
ventral with a b-road hairy depression in male; a longitudinal and narrow 
one m female. Length 10-17 mm. 



1269 

THE DARKLING BEETLES. 



Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-June 30. Occurs ib 
eoloniXeath loose bark of old snags, especially those of red aud 
black oak. Our most brilliant member ot the family. 

H. venustus Say, color of length 9-9.5 m^, ,s s.d by 

Horn to be "not abundant in the Middle and Southern States. 
2349 ( 7548). Helofs amertcanus Beaut, In* Afv. et Amer., 1805 122 

vex, sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 10.5-13 an , 

Duhois and Crawford counties; scarce. May 15-May 19. 
2350 (7565) HM*PS »» Gevmar., Insect. Sp. Nov., 1824, 159 

^ugly convex. « 
1«« three joints subequal and shorter than thos and 
vex, one-half broader than long; front angles "te^urta 
equally punctured. Elytra with rows of hue, scarcely impress 
intervals flat, smooth. Length 7-9 nun. 

Throughout the western half of State ; common beneath bark. 
JS 5 June 14 Gregarious. Resembles Meracantha contracta m 
small", Easily distinguished by the numerous 

grooves on under side of thorax. 

cirfdot** Germ., elytra bronzed with rows o ^uqc 
tures, intervals flat, smooth, length 10-12.5 mm., is a southern spe 
cies which has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

Tribe VIII. MERACANTHINI. 
Ovate, strongly convex wingless species having ^ the head re 

• 4.1. ^ v, oflT .iv to the eves which are large, transveibe 
caved in the borax near y to the ey q£ ^ ^ 

; y X" is represented by a single genus and this m turn 
! single species, which occurs east of the Mississippi River. 

XXVI Meracantha Tvirhy. 1837. (Or., "thigh + spine.") 
2351 (7578). M SK A„ C o_ Beauv In. 



12 10 FAMILY LVL— CISTELIILE. 

close* punctate. Elytra] stria, feebly impressed, rather finelv punctured' 
interval* almost flat, thickly punctulate. Length 11-13 mm PUnCtnl * a - 
Throughout the State; frequent. May 18-September 18 Oc- 
curs singly beneath logs and bark, especially that of oak. 

Tribe IX. STRONG YLIINI. 
Elongate rather slender, convex species, haying the head dilated 
on the sides, the eyes and antennae as in the preceding tribe ■ Mud 
cox* narrowly separated ■ inner wings present. The tribe is com- 
prised of the single genus : 

XXVII. Steongylium Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "round.") 
This genus, as characterized above, is represented by six species 
two ot which have been taken in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STEONGYLIUM. 

». Thorax as long as wide. wtthoat a median groove. 2352 tenuicolle 
««■ Thorax broader than long, with a shallow median groove. ^ 

2353. TEBMINATUM. 

2352 ( 7579). Steongyliem tenuicolle Say. Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sei 

V, 1S26, 241; ibid. II, 30C. ' ' ' 

Elongate, convex. Brownish-black or piceous. shining ; last joint of an 
tenn* yellowish. Thorax subcyliudrical, narrower than elytra, a TlolZ 
or slightly longer than wide; sides feebly curved, surface finelv and raft 
closet poured. Elytra with deeply impressed punctured "stri* n te 
vals convex, smooth. Length 14 mm. 

Lake County; scarce. July 16- July 21. Taken at Hessville and 
Lake beneath bark of pine. 

2353 ( 7580). Steongylium teeminatum Say. Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sei 

III. 1824, 267 : ibid. II. 157 

low E Th U o1^ e ', Pal 'f el ;, C ° UTe " Bla<mr <>™ ; last Joint of antenna, yel- 
low. Thorax broader than long, front angles rounded: surface finely rather 

12 mm. n ' 1,egUlarly P^red, Elytra as in tcnulcoUe. Length n 
Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce. June 2S-July 1. 

Family LVI. ( ISTKI.I1 ). K. 

The Comb-Clawed Bark Beetles. 
This family embodies in North America about 100 known species 
of brownish beetles without spots, which live, for the most part be- 
neath bark or on flowers and leaves. In form they are usually elon- 
gate-oval quite convex, and clothed above with minute hairs which 
give a silken gloss to the surface. Although closely allied to the 
Tenehriomda.. they are readily separated by the comb-like or pec- 
tinate tarsal claws. 1 



THE COMB-CLAWED B ARK BEETLES. 

In addition to the above-mentioned characters the mbersof 

the family have the maxillary palpi pointed and often , lon^and 
much dilated; head suddenly bnt moderately narrowed beh nd 
eyes, which are usually large, transverse and emarginate; clyp 
not distinct, labrum prominent, mandibles short ; antenn, 1 « 
m0 re or less serrate, ll-jointed, the jomts. except three or t 
the basal ones, studded with large circular, sparsely P 1 ^ ^ 
pores; thorax with the side margins obvious; mesoste num short 
he side pieces reaching the coxal cavities; metasternum long; elytr 
U tips; abdomen with five or six ventral segmente tb 
third and fourth of which are prolonged backwards and with their 
hind margins leather-like; middle coxa, with distinct trochantins; 
MM ^transverse, not widely separated, the intercom* .^m 
in the Indiana genera being narrow, ^ nA ^ffZ~^ 
lobed beneath, the front and middle ones five-jointed, the hind one. 

4 " j The e name of the family is derived from that of ^^V** 
Cistela, which is a diminutive of the Greek fc^, a httle bo^or 
ehest " and probably refers to the form of the insects The larvae 
as far as known, somewhat resemble wire-worms in shape, live in 
rotten wood and have no special economic importance. 

The principal literature treating of the North American forms 

is as follows: . . 

LeCmh.-" Synoptic table of the genus Hymenorus, m lse« 

Sp N Am. Col., I, 1866, 135. 
/.,,W«, Synoptic table of species of Mycetochares, ,» 

Proc Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII. 1878, 616-61 < . 
Cam-'.' Synopsis of the Cistelid* of the U. S.," in Ann. N. Y. 

Acad. Sci., VI, 1891, 69-170. 
Casev in his Synopsis recognizes 14 genera as belonging to the 
family Of these' representatives of seven have been taken m In- 
diana, while those of another perhaps occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CISTELID.E. 

onions and parallel. 

more or less compressed and serrate. 



1272 



FAMILY LVI. CISTELIim 



cc. Last joint of maxillary palpi broad, triangular. 

d. Third joint of antennae nearly or fully equal to fourth. 

e. Form oval; punctuation and pubescence usually minute and 

dense; front tarsi as long as the tibia?: antenna? slender. 

IV. ISOMIRA. 

ee. Form oblong, subparallel ; punctuation and pubescence generally 
coarse and sparse: front tarsi shorter than the tibia- antennae 
shorter and stouter, the joints obconical. 

, , . . V. Mycetochakes. 

aa. third joint of antenna- always distinctly shorter than fourth, but 
longer in the female than in the male. 

f. Mandibles emarginate or truncate at apex : front tarsi more or 

less dilated in the male. 
Q. Legs short, the tarsi distinctly shorter than tibia? ; mandibles 
obliquely truncate at apex, feebly and obtusely bilobed. 

Andsimus.. 

00. Legs long and slender, the tarsi as long as the tibia; : mandi- 
bles deeply notched at apex, the lobes acute and subequal. 

VI. Capxochboa. 

Tt. Mandibles acute at tip : front tarsi of male not dilated, but elon- 
gate and distorted : antennae long and filiform. 

VII. AXDBOCHIBUS. 

I. Allecula Fab. 1801. (L„ "by another way.") 

Oblong-oval species, gradually pointed behind, and having the 
tarsal lobes,, especially the one on the next to the last joint, highly 
developed; apical side of last joint of maxillary palpi longer than 
the outer side: punctures of elytra! strhe finer' toward apex. One 
species has been taken in the State, while another may occur in the 
northern counties. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ALLECULA. 

a. Larger, 9-10 mm. ; eves of female separated by about one-balf their 
width, those of male not quite contiguous. 2354. pttnctulata 

aa. Smaller, not over S mm. : eves of female separated by fully their own 
width. 

ATBA. 

2354 (75S9). Allecula punctotata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sei 
III, 1846, 59. 

Elongate-oral. Dark chestnut-brown to black, sparsely clothed with 
tine yellowish pubescence; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax one- 
half wider than long, sides distinctly converging and nearly straight from 
base almost to apex, hind angles rectangular, base broadly and deeply sin- 
uate; surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate and with a faint basal 
fovea each side. Elytra scarcely wider than base of thorax, gradually nar- 
rowed from middle to apex ; surface deeply striate., the stria- with coarse, 
rather distant punctures: intervals subconvex. distinctly punctate. Male 



THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 



1273 



fourth strongly lobed. Length 9-10 mm. 

Throughout the State; scarce. June 12-August 11. Occurs on 
dry twigs and beneath bark. 

' A. atra Say, black, shining, tarsi paler, length 7.5 mm., is a mem- 
ber of the Alleghanian fauna. 

II. Hymenorus Muls. 1851. (Or,, "membrane + margin.") 
Smaller oblong or oval species, having the last joint of maxillary 
palp" t tie form of a right angled triangle with the apex and outer 
skle subequal in length; lobes of the tarsal joints less developed 
52 £2KU the front and middle tarsi never ha^e ta 
two joints lobed and the hind tarsi wtth but one. Seven species 
have been recognized from Indiana, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES 0E HYMEN ORE'S. 

- „. Thorax sparsely and usually rather finely punctured; upper surface 

B . ""antennal Joint of male equal or subeoual in iength to fourth. 
n i^ivtral striae obsolete toward the apex. . ^ 

.rSytf with a large reddish spot each side at base ; length 4.5 mm. 

Cl. HiiyUa Willi a icu-g, HUMERALIS. 

w/7 wivtra uniform in color throughout. 

~?Sn* brown, tibia, and tarsi paler; antenn, on. a 
as long as body ; larger, 7-8 mm. pi 
ee. Femora reddish-yellow, tibia- darker; antennae t« 

thirds the length of fourth; thorax narrower than base ot eiy 
thucls me ieu &L Li u ^ s perforattjs. 

f , -e length of body *. third 

• • f flf mniP hut slightly longer than second; thoiax at oase 
joint of male but siignuj b BSCURts. 

„, W^l^SSU Punctured; upper surface less shin- 

^tenme stent, third and fourth Joints subequa, ; ^>arge in male 
separated by a distance less than one-third t^^J^ 



1274 



FAMILY LVI. — CISTELIM. 



H. humeralis Lee, piceons, antenna fuscous, legs pale yellow 
was described from Kentucky and has been recorded from Cin- 
cinnati. 

2355 (7591). Hymenorus pilosus Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad Nat Sci III 
1846, 58. 

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceons. shining; antenna, tibise 
and tarsi paler. Eyes separated by more than their own width Thorax 
as wide at base as elytra, nearly twice as wide as long, the sides rounded 
into apex; hind angles rectangular; surface strongly sloping on the sides 
rather coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate, with a shallow transverse 
impression each side near base and another in front of scntellum. Elytra 
nearly four times as long as thorax, the sides parallel; surface with rows 
of scarcely impressed punctures ; intervals feebly convex, sparsely and finely 
punctate, rugulose near the apex. Length 7-8 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 16-August 10. Occurs 
on and beneath the bark of the black willow, Salix nigra Marsh. 

2356 ( 7594). Hymenorus nicer Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci III 
1846, 59. 

Elongate-oval, rather slender and parallel. Black or piceons, shining- 
femora pale, antennae and tarsi piceons; pubescence ash-gray and rather 
hue. Eyes separated by a distance equal to their width. Thorax three- 
fifths wider than long, sides straight and parallel almost to middle thence 
rounded into apex; surface finely and sparsely punctate, without 'impres- 
sions near the base. Elytra not wider than thorax, their sides parallel and 
nearly straight; surface with rows of small, deep punctures, which are im- 
pressed only on basal half and become obsolete near apex; intervals finely 
deeply and sparsely punctate. Length 5.3-6 mm. 

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 2-July 6. Occurs on the 
dead branches of oak. 

2357 (10,642). Hymenorus melsheimeri Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad Sci XL 
1891, 92. 

Elongate-oblong, parallel. Piceous black above; antennae and legs pale 
reddish-brown. Eyes separated by slightly more than their own width. An- 
tennae short, stout, not more than one-third as long as body. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, sides parallel and feebly curved beyond middle 
thence broadly rounded into apex; surface finely, sparsely and deeply punc- 
tate and with a faint impression on middle of base. Elytra equal to thorax 
in width, sides parallel, nearly straight; disk with impressed rows of fine, 
rather distant punctures; intervals minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 
7-8 mm. 



Lake and ^Kosciusko counties ; rare. July 12-July 21. De- 
scribed from Michigan. 



THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 12 1 '> 

2358 (10,644). Hymenobus perforates Casey, Aim. N. Y. Acad. Sci., S ' 
1^91 95 

paler; pubescence pale, rather coarse, select Eyes sepa a 

th eir own f^^^*,^^ ^^ broadly 

impressions, the punctures ^^^^Z^ parallel and 
one-fifth wider than thorax and about torn toW-MK ^ ^ ,„.,,, 
nearly straight; dish with ratter st^gly ^He^ed xo«s « m , l( , m ,„, 
punctures; Intervals subeonvex, finely, sparselj and une« y 
Length 7-8 mm. , 
Kosciusko Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. June i-Juty o. 

OccSr^es of maple. Described from. Pennsyl.ama, Indrana 

and North Carolina. 

2359 (7592). Hymehorvs obscorus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 
1827 242; ibid. II, 307. 
Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Pale ™udish to Ma^sh-brow m shhfing, 
sparsely clothed with g -yish-yellow pubes^e an ten a* legs 
men reddish-brown. Byes separated by about then as long 

sexes. Antenna, with third joint equal to torn h m tern 
in male. Thorax one-half wider than long, '''"^ ^^ "vith faint im- 

6-7 mm. 9A Tvm » 07 

Hamilton, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. May 30-June M. 

Taken on leaves of thorn and beneath logs. 

2360 (10,657). Hymens biscbetos Casey, Ann. N. X. Acad. Sci.. VI. 

1891, 105. , , 

Oblong-subparallel. ^^^^^Z^Tl 
apical portion of abdomen reddish-brown p ^^^^ their wiatu ; 
and semi-erect. Eyes of male separated ^« ^ two-fifths as 

of female by two-fifths then- width. Antenme notabl, ^ed 

longas hod, ^^ZTJl^m^ U broadly flat- 
and continuous with the s des, w coarsely and densely 

rr.'sr="«^=» , ;r- » 

Length 6.5-7.5 mm 

Marion and Crawford counties ; scarce. June 2-July I. bet- 
era f™:; S tvere taken from an old coat lying on the ground m 
the back yard of a city residence, by Phxhp bake!. 



1276 



FAMILY LVI. CISTELID^. 



2361 (759S). IIymenorus densus Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1866, 138. 

Elongate-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown ; tarsi and two or three 
basal joints of antennse paler ; pubescence short, coarse, pale and con- 
spicuous. Antenna* one-third the length of body, the third joint slender ' 
slightly longer than fourth. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides straight 
to beyond middle, thence rounded into apex, hind angles rectangular; sur- 
face finely and very densely punctate, without basal impressions Elytra 
slightly wider at base than thorax, widest at middle; disk with feebly im- 
pressed rows of small, rather close-set punctures; intervals very finely and 
densely punctulate. 

Vigo County; rare. June 12. Taken from fungus on beech 
tree. One also in Webster collection. 



III. Cistela Fab. 1775. (Gr., " a little box.") 
Rather broadly oval or oblong beetles having 

A \ \ ^^^x the antenme more or less compressed and ser- 
; \\ j \ /^W^ rate, with the third joint very short in both 
F , fifi 1 p fl sexes ; fourth joint of maxillary palpi slender, 

rig. 566. 1, Beetle; 2, tar- , • -, ^ r ' 

sus; 3, tarsal claws. (After triangular; pubescence dense, short and incon- 

WestW00d.) ^ • /T'-l- -r>r> n r., 

spieuous. (i<ig. &bt).) Two of the six recog- 
nized species occur in the State. 

2362 ( 7602). Cistela brevis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill 1824 
269 ; ibid. II, 158. 

Elliptical or broadly oval, convex. Head, thorax and under surface 
black; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown, the former dusky toward tip; 
elytra usually fulvous or tawny, sometimes black. Head with a lengthwise 
groove. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, apex truncate, one-half as wide 
as base, the latter broadly and strongly bisinuate, hind angles acute ; disk 
finely and densely punctate. Elytra finely but deeply striate, the stria- with 
fine, close-set punctures; intervals subeonvex, densely and minutely punc- 
tate. Males with the front tarsi compressed, the fifth joint strongly bent 
and thickened at base. Length 7.5-9 mm, 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 10-June 3. Occurs on 
flowers of wild hydrangea, linden, etc. All four specimens in the 
collection have pale elytra, though the ones with black elytra are 
said to be usually the more common. 

2363 (7627). Cistela amcena Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1S24 
269 ; ibid. II, 158. 

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, shining; thorax and under surface 
pale reddish-yellow. Head with a transverse impressed line between the 
antennae. Thorax short, transverse, more than twice as wide as long, the 
apex broadly rounded into the sides, hind angles rectangular ; disk finely 
and rather sparsely punctate, more or less flattened on the sides and with 
a feeble impression each side and at middle near base. Elytra at middle 



THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 



1277 



distinctly wide, than thorax, sides snhparallel; ^^^^ 
impressed rows of close-set punctures; intervals ^^.^^^S 
densely punctate. Male with stouter antenna, and with last vential segment 
deeply excavated. Length 6-7.5 mm. ^ on Tnlv 1 ^ 

Marion Hancock and Putnam counties; rare. May 30-Juiy id. 
Occurs beneath bark. One of the three specimens has the legs 
wholly reddish-yellow. In the other two the front and middle fem- 
ora and tibise are piceous. 

IV. IsomiraMuIs. 1856. (Gr, "alike + part.") 
Rather small, oval brownish species, having the antennae slender 
and filiform, the third joint usually nearly equal to fourth Of the 
thirteen species recognized from the United States the following 
have been taken or should occur in the State : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE ISOMIEA. 

a. Above bieolored; head and elytra piceous-black, thorax >^£^ 

a a Color above uniform or nearly so. 

6 Fourth joint of maxillary palpi long and slender; elytral punctuation 
and pubescence exceedingly dense; color pale ochre^ yeUo, 

». FourtMotot of maxillary palpi robust, the outer side but slightly 

e K^oSTtopresSed lines on basal half, their punctuation 
sparse; third and fourth antennal joints equal in the sexes, or 
the third slightly longer than the fourth. 
a Eyes small, separated by three times their width; length 6- 

" * 2365. QUADEISTKIATA. 

U. Eye! Ta'ge, coarsely granulated, separated by 

their width ; length 7 mm. ^ OD - . 

ce Elvtra with fine but distinct impressed lines throughout the full 
length their punctuation dense; third antennal joint one-fourth 
shorter than fourth. 
I. ruficollis Ham., length 4.2-5.2 mm, is known from near Alle- 
gheny, Pennsylvania, and Cincinnati, Ohio. 

2364 "(7607). Isomira sericea Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824, 
270; ibid. II, 159. 

Elongate-oval. Pale brownish-yellow throughout, feebly shining ; clothed 
wi th Sense and short pubescence. Antenme two-thirds as long as ^ 
the third and fourth joints equal. Thorax one-half « 
straight and parallel to middle, thence rounded to apex which s truncate 
and one-half the width of base; surface, as well as that of elytra dense!. 

u fin ly punctured. Elytra with two or three feebly imp^ . ^ near 
the suture, these more strongly marked near apex. Length 5-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. May 11-Septemher 12. Oc- 
curs on flowers of Jersey tea, wild hydrangea, etc. 



1278 



FAMILY LVI. — CISTELID.E. 




(Original.) 



2365 ( 7609). Isomiea quadeisteiata Coup., Can. Naturalist, 1865, 62. 

Rather broadly oval, convex, feebly shining. 
Dark reddish-brown to piceous. the head and 
thorax sometimes almost black; antennae and' 
tibiie usually paler, the former one-half the 
length of body. Thorax nearly twice as wide 
as long, sides rounded on basal half, converging 
toward apex, which is two-thirds as wide as 
base; disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra 
at middle one-fourth wider than thorax ; surface 
finely and sparsely but distinctly punctate, each 
with two striae plainly visible only on apical half 
near the suture. Length 5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 567.) 

Throughout the State ; much more com- 
mon in the northern counties, where it 
occurs aboundantly on huckleberry and other shrubs along the 
borders of marshes. May 11- August 15. The last joint of the max- 
illary palpi is much more broadly triangular than in sericea. 

2366 ( ). Isomiea similis sp. nov. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining; antennie 
and legs paler ; pubescence fine, short, yellowish, rather dense. Head small, 
less than half the width of thorax, finely and densely punctate. Antenna! 
slender, one-half the length of body; second joint one-fourth the length of 
third, the latter a little longer than fourth. Thorax twice as wide as long, 
strongly narrowed from base to apex; sides evenly rounded, base bisinuate. 
hind angles rectangular ; surface finely and densely punctate and with a 
fine impressed median line on basal third. Elytra at base but slightly 
wider than thorax ; surface finely and rather sparsely punctate, the sutural 
stria? extending three-fourths to base, the others evident only near apex. 
Prosternum densely and roughly punctate ; abdomen finely and rather close- 
ly punctate. Length 7 mm. 

Posey County; rare. July 9. The larger size and much larger 
eyes easily distinguish it from 4-striata. 

2367 (10,693). Isomiea oblonoula Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. ScL, YI 1891 
151. 

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Uniform dark reddish-brown to piceous, 
clothed with short, dense, pale pubescence. Thorax three-fourths wider 
than long, sides nearly straight except on apical fourth, where they are 
rounded into the apex, hind angles obtuse ; surface finely and very densely 
punctate, with a wide but feeble impression each side near base. Elytra 
four times as long as thorax ; disk finely and densely punctate and with dis- 
tinct but slightly impressed stria?, without rows of punctures. Length 6 7- 
7.2 mm. 

Starke, Tippecanoe and Orange counties; scarce. June 1-June 
21. Beaten from oak. 



1279 

THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. '- 

y.; Mycetochares Latr. 1829. (Gr., "fpgus + to delight in.") 
Small oblong brownish species, usually having the humeri oi 
elytra dull red, and the last joint of maxillary palp, a robu , . - 
angled triangle. They feed on fungi and occur beneatt ba*. The 
ou ter covering is very brittle, breaking ; easxly when handl cd h s 
recognized 22 species, seven of which have been taken m the Stab . 
while several others doubtless occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE MYOEXPOHABKS. 

a Front coxas separated by a distinct prosternal spine. 

\ Elytra each with a pale reddish spot on humerus or near base 

c Elytra without distinct rows of punctures; thorax as wide oi neat- 
ly as wide as the base of elytra. 
„ Eyes small, separated by two to four times their width 

e 'pubescence very short, sparse and inconspicuous; foim ».,,- 
• rew and convex; two strhe evident near ^"^^ 

ee. Pubescence norma, ; form broader and more 

striae very faint. ^ivtvii 
U. Eyes very Urge, separated by less than the, own width , elyttai 
lines impressed cm inner halt, 
cc. Elytra with distinct rows of rather large punctures; thorax at 
bnse narrower than the elytra. 
, b Zr» twice as long as wide ; thorax with «ah = 

tt. Elytni'distinctly more than twice as long as wide ;J>orax with 
two basal impressions. 

- :^ v :^L v z:z:tr m - «»» ^ **** 

,, Narrower than eiytra. much wider than^head. 

V Froat ^SSS^X • - thin prosternal spine. 
7) Fivtrn with a red humeral spot. 

f Cax narrowly and abruptly-flattened at the sides, mahoinalv 

twice Umir width, thoraxomta, 

,, iisu* ss- * -~ - - 

rax narrower than elytra. 
W , Elytra without humeral red spot; thorax coarsely, rather dense., 

E^es Crated by at least twice their width; color pieeous-bvown 



fc. 



, Thorax not Battened at the sides; antenna, legs and under sm- 
face reddish-brown, the last two ventral segments V*^ 



[81—23402] 



1280 



FAMILY LVI. CISTELIM. 



II. Thorax flattened on the sides near base; under surface piceous 
the anal segments not darker. lugubeis! 
klC - Eyes mudl lar ^r, separated by not more than their width - color 
pale brownish-yellow, head and thorax darker. HO rni. 

2368 ( 7615). Mycetociiares iialdemani Lee, New Sp N Am Col I 
1866, 140. 

Oblong, subparallel, convex. Blackish-piceous, strongly shining; elytra 
each with a large oblique reddish spot extending from near the suture to 
humerus; tibiae, tarsi and basal portion of antenna reddish-yellow Eyes 
small, separated by four times their width. Thorax nearly twice as wide 
as long, convex, sides strongly rounded; surface, as well as that of elytra 
very finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra parallel to basal third, thence 
rather acutely narrowed to apex. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Marion, Vermillion. Dubois and Perry counties ; rare. May 23- 
June 11. Our smallest form, easily recognized by its almost smooth 
polished surface. 

2369 (7616). Mycetociiares fraterna Say, Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 
III, 1823, 270 ; ibid. II, 159. 
Elongate-oblong, parallel, subdepressed. Piceous-black, shining; an- 
tennae, palpi and tarsi reddish-brown; elytra with an oblique, pale yellowish 
spot on basal third ; pubescence fine, short and sparse. Eyes separated by 
a little more than twice their width. Thorax twice as wide as long, as 
wide or slightly wider than base of elytra, sides broadly curved; surface 
rather finely and sparsely punctate, with a broad, distinct impression on 
middle near base, and a more feeble one each side. Elytra rather finely 
and unevenly punctured, witb one or two vague strife near the suture 
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties ; rare. March 23-June 29. 

2370 (10,679). Mycetociiares megalops Casey, Ann. N Y Acad Sci VI 
1891, 129. 

Elongate-oblong, subparallel, subconvex. Black, shining; under sur- 
face piceous ; legs and antennae dark reddish-brown, the latter paler at 
base. Eyes as described in key. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long- 
sides nearly straight and subparallel on basal third, thence broadly rounded 
to apex ; disk finely and sparsely punctate, the impressions more feeble than 
m fratcrna. Elytra equal in width to thorax, parallel to apical third, thence 
obtusely rounded to tips; surface sparsely and rather roughly punctate, the 
striae evident on inner half, obsolete or nearly so on sides. Length 4.5 mm. 

Lake, Kosciusko and Marion counties; rare. May 22-June 19. 
One taken from an old coat in the back yard of a city residence by 
P. Baker ; also bred from willow. The larger eyes and less strongly 
rounded sides, of thorax distinguish this from fraterna, which it 
otherwise very much resembles. 



THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 



1281 




Mg. t) 



(Original ) 



2372 (7618) 



2371 (7617). Mycetochares foveata Lee, N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866, 
140. 

Elongate, suboval. Dark reddish-brown 
to piceous, shining; antennae and legs red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra with a small, pale reddish 
spot on humeri; pubescence short, fine, sparse 
and semi-erect. Eyes small, separated by near- 
ly four times their width. Thorax one-third 
wider than long; sides strongly rounded at 
middle, thence converging to apex, hind an- 
gles rectangular; disk distinctly sloping on 
sides toward front angles, finely, deeply and 
sparsely punctate; basal impressions on sides 
deep, rounded, the one at middle linear, more 
shallow. Elytra with feebly impressed rows 
of rather coarse, close-set punctures; inter- 
vals each with a single row of very fine punc- 
tures. Length 5-6 mm. (Fig. 568.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. April 25-July 24. Occurs 
especially beneath the bark of maple and walnut. 

Mycetochares tenuis Lee, New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866, 

140. a . „ 

Elongate slender, parallel. Piceous-black, shining; legs and base of 
anient —yellow ; elytra each with a 
humerus ; pubescence fine, short and inconspicuous. 

arated by two-thirds more than their width. Thorax ^^V^^ 
head, about one-third wider than long, sides parallel and ^ ^ ^ 
two-thirds, thence rounded to apex; disk rather coarsely 
tate and with a deep impression each side near base ^tomorejhan 
half as wide again as thorax; surface with rows of feebly ^ ™ther 

fine punctures; intervals each with an irregular row of punctures almost 
as large as those of striae. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Marion Monroe and Posey counties; scarce. May 1-May 30. 
This species and foveata are often found together beneath bark. 
They run very rapidly when uncovered and attempt to hide m am 
dust or other debris which is present. 

M gracilis Lee, black, shining, legs black, length 5.5 mm., is 
known from Michigan and Ohio; M. rufipes Lec dark piceous- 
brown, legs yellow, length 4.5 mm., is recorded from New York and 
near Cincinnati. M. marginata Lec, color and size of gracilis, was 
described from Michigan. 

Mycetochares binotata Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 2S5 ; 
ibid. I, 189. 

Elongate-oblong, parallel, moderately convex. Piceous black sinning ; 
two" oints of antenna, tibi. and tarsi ^^^^J 
large, rounded, pale reddish spot. Thorax nearly twice as wide as ion.. 



2373 (7624) 



1282 



FAMILY LVI. — CISTELIDiE. 



sides almost straight on basal third, thence rounded and converging to apex 
which is two-thirds as wide as base; disk rather coarsely, deeply and sparse- 
ly punctate, with a short impressed line at middle of base and a rounded 
shallow fovea each side. Elytra parallel to apical third, thence rounded to 
tips ; surface with feebly impressed rows of rather coarse, close-set punc- 
tures which become obsolete near apex ; intervals finely, sparsely and irregu- 
larly punctate. Length 6.8-7.5 mm. 

Laporte and Kosciusko counties ; rare. June 22-July 1. Taken 
by Duty at Cincinnati. Probably occurs throughout the State. 
Our largest species ; readily separated from those preceding by the 
prominent and contiguous front coxa?. 

2374 (7625). Mycetochares longula Lee. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc XYII 
1878, 618. 

Elongate, parallel. Color as in hinotata; pubescence fine, rather long 
and sparse. Antennae stout, two-fifths as long as body. Eyes much larger 
than in the preceding, separated by less than their width. Thorax distinctly 
narrower than elytra, about one-half wider than long, broadly rounded on 
sides ; disk strongly sloping on sides in front, rather coarsely and somewhat 
densely punctate and with a median and two small lateral impressions near 
base. Elytra with feebly impressed rows of small punctures; intervals 
finely punctate. Length 5.5-6 mm. 

Steuben County; rare. May 22. The more narrow, elongate 
body, larger eyes, stouter antenna and narrower thorax, with more 
sloping sides, at once distinguish this from hinotata. Known here- 
tofore only from Detroit, Michigan. 

M. analis Lee, length 6.S-7.6 mm., is recorded from New Jersey 
and Michigan; M. lugubris Lee, length 6.4-7 mm., is known from 
New York and Kansas; M. horni Dury, length 7.8 mm., was de- 
scribed from Cincinnati. 

VI. Capnochroa Lec. 1862. (Gr., "smoke + color.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States, includ- 
ing Indiana, by a single rather large brown species, having the an- 
tenna? elongate, compressed and filiform, the third joint longer than 
the second and one-half the length of fourth. 

2375 (7628). Capnochroa fuliginosa Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Ill, 1846, 59. 

Elongate-elliptical. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous ; antenna* and tarsi 
paler; pubescence very short, rather dense on thorax, sparse elsewhere. 
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long; sides parallel and nearly straight on 
basal half, thence curved and strongly converging to apex, which is trun- 
cate and less than one-half as wide as base; hind angles rectangular; sur- 
face finely and densely punctate and with a small impression each side near 



THE COMB-CLAWED BARK BEETLES. 



1283 



, Fivti'u slightly wide.- than thorax, very gradually subacute an apical 

intervals convex, minutely auo rather densely puuetate. L. ugth l- " 

Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties; rare. June 8-July 16. U6- 
enrs usually on bushes and twigs and probably to be found spar- 
ingly throughout the State. 

' VII. Androchirls Lec. 1862. (Gr., "a male + hand.") 
Medium-sized black or brown species, having the legs and an- 
tenna long and slender; terminal joint of maxillary palpi slender, 
triangular its very oblique apex almost as long as the outer side ; 
Mnd angl s of thorax, especially those of female, acute and much 
prolonged backwards. One of the two recognized species has been 
taken in the State, while the other may occur. 

KEY TO SPECIES OF ANDROCHIRUS. 

a. Deep black; femora reddisl«, the tibice and tarsi 

aa. Grayish-black; legs pale reddish-yellow throughout. ^ erythropus- 

A. femoratu, Oliv., length 9-10 mm., is a southern species which 
has been recorded from Cincinnati. 



2376 (7631). 



Andeochirus erythropus Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer, IV, 1837. 
239. 

Elongate-oval, strongly convex. Color 
o-iven in key; not shining; pubescence very 
short and dense. Eyes small, separated by 
one-half more than their own width. Third 
antennal joint twice as long as second, three- 
fifths as long as fourth. Thorax one-halt 
wider than the median length ; sides converg- 
ing from base to apex; disk very finely, deep- 
ly and densely punctate without basal im- 
pression; base strongly and broadly bism- 
uate Elytra equal in width to thorax; sides 
parallel and nearly straight to middle, thence 
narrowing to a subacute apex; disk finely 
and deeply striate, the striie finely punctate; 
intervals convex, minutely and densely punc- 
tate. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 569.) 

Throughout the State; scarce. May 
8-July 13. Occurs on stumps and 
hushes, usually in moist places. A. fuscipes Melsh. is said by Case, 
to be a synonym of erythropus. 




Fig. 569. X 4. (Original.) 



1284 



FAMILY LVII. — LAGRIIDiE. 



Family LVII. LAGRIIDJS. 
The Lagriid Bark Beetles. 
This family comprises a few elongate, slender beetles, having 
the thorax subcylindrical, narrower than elytra and the color more 
or less brassy or bronzed. From the Tenebrionida?, to which they 
are closely related, they are separated only by having the front 
coxae much more prominent and the next to last joint of tarsi 
dilated and spongy beneath. They occur beneath bark and on 
leaves, the larva* feeding freely on foliage and being much less retir- 
ing m habits than those of the Tenebrios. 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Lagriidse have the 
head prominent, horizontal and more or less constricted behind the 
eyes, which are transverse, emarginate and rather coarsely granu- 
late; antennae 11-jointed, nearly filiform and inserted under very 
small, oblique frontal ridges, the terminal joint as long as the three 
to five preceding together; front coxal cavities closed behind; ely- 
tra rounded at tips, covering the abdomen, which, in our genera, 
has six ventral segments visible; legs slender, the next to the last 
joint of all the tarsi dilated, emarginate and clothed beneath with 
a dense bunch of hairs; tarsal claws simple. But eight species of 
the family are recognized from the United States. These are dis- 
tributed among two genera and are treated in the single paper: 
Horn,—" Miscellaneous Coleopterous Studies— Lagriidaa, " in 
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XV, 1888, 28-32. 

KEY TO THE GENERA OF LAGRIID 2E. 

a. Head not constricted to a neck; elytra very coarsely punctate, without 
definite stria? ; eyes transverse, reniform, not prominent 

I. Arthromacra. 

aa. Head constricted behind the eyes; elytra distinctly striate; eyes large, 
convex and prominent. IL g TATIRA ' 

I Arthromacra Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "a joint + long.") 
This genus, sufficiently characterized in the key, is represented 
in the State by two species. 

2377 (7637). Arthromacra ^nea Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 287- ibid 
II, 191. 

Elongate, slender. Body beneath and legs dark bronze ; surface above 
brilliant metallic blue, green, cupreous or dark bronze ; antennae reddish- 
brown, the terminal joint usually darker; tarsi pale. Thorax cylindrical, 
one-third longer than wide, without side margins or angles; surface, as well 
as that of head, coarsely and rather closely punctate. Elytra parallel on 
basal half, then feebly but distinctly widened to apex; surface coarsely, 
closely and rugosely punctate, with vague stride only on apical third. Length 
9.5-13.5 mm. 



THE LAGKI1D BARK BEETLES. 



1285 



Throughout the State; scarce. June 11-October 12. Beaten 
from foliage of shrubs and trees, usually along the borders of 
marshes. 

93-g ( ). Arthromacra glabeicollis sp. 

110 V. 

More slender and parallel, the elytra not 
at 'all widened on apical half. Metallic cu- 
preous or piceous, legs and antennae paler. 
Head finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax 
more slender, less convex on sides, longer m 
proportion to its width than in wnea; sur- 
face almost smooth, highly polished. Elytra 
each with four or five evident but indistinct 
costse extending from apex almost to base; 
intervals rather coarsely and not densely 
punctate. Length 10-13 mm, (Fig. 570.) 
Posey County. June 4. Described 

from five specimens. The almost smooth 

thorax and much less roughly punctate 

elytra readily distinguish this from 

cenea. 




Fig. 570. (Original.) 



II. STATiRAServ. 1825. (Gr., "a Jewish coin.") 
Horn recognizes seven species as belonging to this genus, bat 
some of them rnn very close together. Our two species have the 
tibhe rounded, not sulcate on the outer edges and the first mterval 
without setigerous punctures. 

2379 (7639). Statira resplendens Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1845, 311. 

Elongate, slender. Dark brownish-yellow to » 
ana legs reddish-yellow; elytra with a feeble bronzed lust e. 
the length of body. Thorax subcylindrical. one-fourth longer than widA 
£ S margined, feebly curved, hind angles very smalt, acute; ^ 
minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra twice as wide as thorax TO 
Striate the striae finely and closely but not crenately punctate, intervals 
"convex! alost smooth, the third and fifth with a few sete-beanng 
punctures. Length 7-8 mm. 

Putnam, Crawford and Posey counties ; scarce. May 25-July J. 
Beaten from the flowers of linden and foliage of shrubs. 



2380 (7640) 



Statira gagatina Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1845. 
311. 

Form of the preceding. Uniform piceous. shining; antenna and tarsi 



1286 FAMILY L VIII. — MELANDRY ID2R. 

alutaceous, almost smooth or with a few punctures near the base Elytra 
as m resplendens. Length (3.5-8 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. May 24-July 10. 
Beaten from oak and other foliage. 

Family LVIII. MELANDRYID M. 
The Melandryid Bark Beetles. 

This group comprises about 70 known North American species, 
varying much in form and size, though usually elongate and loosely 
jointed, with the thorax margined at sides, broad behind and often 
marked with two basal impressions. They occur beneath bark or 
m dry fungi and are black or brown in color, often thickly clothed 
with fine silken hair, only a few species being marked with paler 
spots or bars. The larvae are slender, cylindrical in form and occur 
m the same places as the adults. The name is derived from that of 
the typical genus Melandnja, meaning 4 'black -oak or tree." and 
was so called because the insects live chiefly under the bark of trees. 

In addition to the characters above mentioned, the Melandryida3 
have the maxillary palpi 4-jointed, usually long, more or less en- 
larged in the form of saw-teeth, the last joint being the longest and 
hatchet-shaped; head usually defiexed, rarely constricted behind the 
eyes, the latter emarginate or entire and rather coarsely granu- 
lated; antennae 11-jointed. usually filiform; thorax in most genera 
as wide behind as the base of elytra, which are rounded at tips and 
cover the abdomen, the latter with five free ventral segments-, front 
coxae large, oval, the cavities open behind: middle coxae with dis- 
tinct trochantins ; hind coxae contiguous or nearly so ; first joint of 
hind tarsi always much elongated ; tarsal claws variable in the 
tribes. 

No paper dealing with the North American species of the family 
as a. whole has been published, only isolated genera having been 
treated from time to time. These, as far as known to me, "are as 
follows : 

LeConte.— "Synoptic Table of Hallomenus." in Proc Amer 

Phil. Soc. XVII, 1878, 619. 
Z/om,— "Notes on the Mycteridae and other Heteromera," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, VII, 1879. 336-339. 
Born.— 11 Miscellaneous Coleopterous Studies." in Trans. Amer 

Ent. Sec. XV, 1888, 32-4-1. Contains a table of the tribes 

composing the family and synopses of several of the genera. 
Casey.— "Review of the Tribe Tetratomini, " in Journ. N Y 

Ent, Soc, VIII, 1900, 166-172. 



THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 



1287 



Horn, in his latest paper above cited, divides the family into ten 
tribes. Of these representatives of seven have been taken in In- 
diana, while those of two other-; probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF MELANDRYIMS. 

a. Next to last joint of all the tarsi simple; front tarsi of males not di- 
lated; thorax as wide at base as elytra, 
ft. Antennse with last three or four joints suddenly larger, forming a 
loose, strongly developed club; length less than G.5 mm. 

Tribe I. Tetratomini, p. 1287. 

bl). Antennae gradually thicker or filiform. 

c Front coxal cavities with an outer fissure or cleft. 

d Third joint of antenna as long as fourth and fifth together ; form 
broadly oval. Tribe II. Penthini, p. 1280. 

dd . Third joint of antennae not much longer than fourth; form elon- 
gate. 

e. Front coxa not prominent, rather widely separated; species 
stronglv resembling Melanotus; length 10-11 mm. 

Tribe III. Synchroini. p. 1200. 
ee. Front cox* moderately prominent and nearly contiguous; color 
piceous; length 6-8.5 mm. Tribe IV. Mai.t odryini. p. 1291. 
cc Front coxal cavities without fissure; form oval or oblong, convex. 

Tribe V. Orchesiini, p. 1201. 
aa Next to last joint of front and middle tarsi excavate and emarginate. 
more or less lobed beneath; front tarsi of males delated. 
f. Tarsal claws simple or very slightly broader at base; thorax as wide 
at base as elytra. 

g Head not constricted behind. Tribe VI. Melandryini, p. 1295. 
eg. Head suddenly constricted behind the eyes; small species, not over 
5 mm. in length. Tribe VII. Scraptiini, p. 1200. 

ft Tarsal claws with a broad tooth or lobe at base. 

Ji Middle coxal cavities open on the outer side; head not prolonged; 
thorax as wide at base as elytra, its side margins entire, acuta 

Tribe VIII. Xothint, p. 1301. 
hh Middle coxal cavities enclosed by the sterna; head more or less 
prolonged in a beak; thorax not as wide at base as elytra its 
margin evident at base only. Tribe IX. Mycterini. p. 1302. 

Tribe I. TETRATOMINI. 
This tribe comprises small, oval convex forms living in fungi 
and havin- the last three or four joints of antenme much enlarged, 
nearly equal in size and forming a loose club; tibial spurs small; 
next to last tarsal joint not lobed, claws simple, cox* all separated 
by their respective sterna. Casey, locality cited, has divided the 
tribe into five genera, three of which are represented m the State, 
while a single species of another may occur. 



1288 FAMILY LVIII. — MELANDRYIM. 



KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF TETBATOMINI. 

a. Antenna 1 club composed of four joints. 

b. Margins of thorax not reflexed at sides ; larger, 5-0 mm. 

I. Tetratoma. 

bb. Margins of thorax rather broadly concave and reflexed, the edge un- 
evenly crenulate; length less than 4 mm. 
c. Basal segment of abdomen as long as the next two combined; color 
above mottled, black and pale. II. Abstrulia. 

cc. Basal segment of abdomen but little longer than second; color 
above blackish, not mottled but elytra with an indefinite, oblique 
yellowish streak. Incolia. 
(/ff. Anteunal club composed of three joints; eyes smaller, very short and 
strongly transverse; length about 3 mm. III. Pisenes. 

I. Teratoma Fab. 1790. (Gr., "four + joints. ") 

This genus, as limited by Casey, contains two species, one of 
which occurs in the State. 

2381 (764G). Tetratoma trtjncortjm Lee, New Sp. N. A. Col., I, 1866, 145. 

Elongate-oval, strongly convex. Thorax, legs and under surface red- 
dish-yellow; head and antennae black; elytra steel blue. Antennae two- 
fifths as long as body, the club as long as the basal portion. Thorax two- 
thirds wider than long, sides rounded from base to apex, hind angles ob- 
tuse; surface sparsely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate, the basal im- 
pressions small, deep, rounded. Elytra parallel to apical third, thence 
rounded to apex ; surface sparsely, irregularly and deeply punctate. Length 
4.5-6 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. March 6-December 21. Occurs 
in dry fungi and beneath bark of fungus-covered logs, more espe- 
cially those of beech. 

II. Abstrulia Casey. 1900. 

Small oblong-oval species having the margins of thorax wider 
and more reflexed, its basal foveas larger, deep and less punctiform 
than in Tetratoma; scutellum smaller and more quadrate; elytra 
mottled instead of unicolorous as there ; surface sparsely but dis- 
tinctly pubescent. Three nominal species are recognized by Casey. 
One of these is in the collection at hand, while another he described 
from the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ABSTRULIA. 

a. Basal joint of hind tarsi very much shorter than last joint; yellow of 
elytra greater in extent than the black. 2382. tessellata. 

aa. P>asal joint scarcely shorter than the last; black of elytra much greater 
in extent than the yellow. maculata. 



THE MELANDKYID BARK BEETLES. 



1289 



2382 (7647). Abstrolia tessellata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 
1844, 114. 

Oblong-oval, convex. Pic-eons, feebly shining; antenna ami legs dull 
vellow elytra each with about ten sinuous, more or less connected yellow- 
sh Zk o'ne of which is a reverse, crescent or Cose t ; , su arc , n ,, 
third Antenna scarcely as long as head and thorax, the club . 
Lrter than stem, the third Joint as long as the next wo ^combmed 
rax nearly twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, the base and , i 
^al in whTth; surface deeply and rather coarsely and elcely pmrctat* 
Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, more coarsely and sparsely punctate 
than thorax. Length 3.5 mm. 

Laporte end Lawrence counties; rare. June 10-June 14. Oc- 
curs on decaying twigs. Casey's type of A. maoulata^ from In- 
diana-Levette collection-without definite locality. It is probably 
of not more than varietal rank. 

Incolia longipennis Casey, elongate, parallel, blackish, sides of 
thorax and streak on elytra paler, length 3.8 mm., was described as 
being doubtfully from Indiana. 

III. Pisenus Casey. 1900. 
To this genus Casey ascribes two species, one being that usually 
listed under the Mycetophagid* as ^ 
The club of antenna, is loosely three- jointed; thorax not flattened 
at sides the base broadly lobed at middle and as wide as the base of 
£5 r~ that the sides of both form a continuous arc; eyes small, 
very short and strongly transverse. 

2383 (3402). Pisenus humeralis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 112. 

Elongate-oval, convex. Blaekish-picecus, shin- 
ing, sparsely clothed with short, silken, yellowish 
hairs; legs and antennae dark reddish-brown; hu- 
meri of elytra obscure reddish. Thorax nearly 
twice as wide as long, sides feebly rounded; sur- 
face finely and rather densely punctate and with 
n feeble impression each side at base. Elytra three 
times as long as thorax, more coarsely and sparse- 
ly punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. (Fig. 5<1.) 

Throughout the State ; common on leathery ^ ^ m ^ y) 
fungi, especially those growing on beech and 10 __ Novem . 
maple stumps. Probably hibernates as imago. March 10 Noyem 

her 9. 

Tribe II. PENTHINI. 
This tribe is represented by the single genus: 




1290 



FAMILY LVIII. M ELAND RYI DM . 



IV. Penthe Newm. 1838. (Gr., ^'in mourning.") 

It comprises two medium-sized velvety-black, flattened oval spe- 
cies, having the front coxal cavities widely open behind ; antenn- 
not thickening externally, the third joint as long as the fourth and 
fifth together, joints 7 to 10 rounded, 11th a little longer and pale 
at tip ; front coxaB oval, not prominent, separated by the prosternum. 

*2384 (7649). Penthe obliquata Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1701, 162. 

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Velvety black, feebly shining; scutellimi 
covered with long, orange yellow hairs. Thorax more than twice as wide 
as Jong, hind angles rectangular ; sides nearly parallel on basal half, thence 
rounded to apex, base bisinuate ; surface densely and finely granulate-punc- 
tate and with a deep oblong impression each side near base. Elytra with 
closely placed rows of deep, round punctures ; intervals narrower than the 
rows of punctures, densely granulate-punctate. Length 11.5-14 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. April 12-December 5. Occurs 
on woody fungi and beneath bark of decaying wood. 

*2385 (7650). Penthe pimet.ia Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1701, 40. 

Readily known from the preceding by having the scutellum black, not 
orange yellow. The thorax is slightly shorter and wider, its hind angles 
much more acute and surface densely and more or less confluently punc- 
tate without granules. Length 10-14 mm. 

Throughout the State ; more common than obliquata. February 
23-December 8. Both species are gregarious in winter, and hiber- 
nate beneath partly buried logs, especially those of beech in open 
upland woods. 

Tribe III. SYNCHROINI. 
To this tribe, as limited in the key, belongs the single genus 

V. Synchkoa Newm. 1838. (Gr., ''uniform in color.") 
This in turn is represented in the eastern United States by a 
single brown species having the head prominent and horizontal; 
maxillary palpi moderate in length, but slightly dilated; antenna 
long, slender and feebly serrate, the second joint one-third the 
length of third, the latter slightly longer than fourth; tarsi filiform, 
claws simple ; tibial spurs long. 

2386 (7651). Synchroa punctata Newm., Entom. Mag., V, 1838, 378. 

Elongate, slender. Dark brown, rather densely clothed with ash-gray 
pubescence; antennre, tibia? and tarsi paler. Thorax one-half wider at base 
than long, sides nearly straight, converging from base to apex; hind an- 
gles subacute;. surface finely and rather sparsely punctate and witli a deep 
impression each side near base. Elytra with a sutural groove on apical 
third; surface finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate. Length 10-11 mm. 



THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 

Throughout the State; frequent. May 12-July 31 Occurs be- 
neath hark ami on dead limbs. The presternum is prolonged nearly 

as much as in the click beetles of the genus Melanotus, so oi 

which it closely resembles. However, the cavity ... the mesosternum 
is much more shallow. 

Tribe IV. MALLODKYIM. 

This tribe is also represented by the single genus UOUdrya 
Horn, formed for a "rather inconspicuous spee.es. .V. suhvnea 
Horn, resembling a depressed Melandrya or an Emmesa from 
which it differs bv the slender tarsi, the penultimate joint not being 
excavate-emarginate and the front tarsi not dilated m the males. _ 
It is oblong, piceous. with faint feneous surface lustre, and 6 to b.o 
mm in length. The types were taken by Dury near Cmeinnati, 
who found them rather abundant on the branches of dead honey- 
locust. It probably occurs in the southeastern part ot Indiana, but 
no specimen has been seen from the State. 

Tribe V. OSOHBSIINI. 
Rather small oval, convex forms, having the head vertically de- 
flexed- antenrm> 11-jointed. the joints gradually thickened, except 
in Microscapka. where they end in a distinet club ; front cox* oval 
separated bv the presternum; tarsi filiform, claws simple Four ol 
the five genera, recognized by Horn as composing the tribe are 
known to be represented in the State, while the single species ot the 
other may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ORCHESIINI. 

a. Spurs of hind tibi* small or moderate, not serrate, but often with trans- 
verse ridges. 
1, Hind coxae not oblique ; form oval. 

c Elytra with rows of moderate or coarse punctures; presternum 
narrowing to a point and nor prolonged behind the coxa?. 

VI. Eustrophus. 

cc Elytra finely and irregularly punctured; presternum prolonged be- 
hind the coxae and separating them, the apex slightly broader. 

VII. HOLOSTROPHUS. 

66 Hind coxae oblique: form oblong-oval : length less than 5 mm. 

OQ. nam lu- yjxi. HAIXOMENrS. 

aa Spurs of hind tibiae large, the inner one very long, pectinate. 

(1 Second antennal joint normal. IX - hesi . 

da Second antennal joint thickened; antennae strongly clavate. 

MlCROSCAPHA. 



1292 



FAMILY LVIIL — AIELAXDRYID.E. 



VI. Bustrophus 111, 1S07. (Gr., "well- twisted.") 
Black or brown, oval, strongly convex species, separated from 
those of allied genera, only by the characters above given. Six spe- 
cies are recognized, three of which have been taken in the State, 
while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIF S OF EUSTEOPHUS. 

a. Eyes narrowly separated, sometimes almost contiguous on the front. 
I). Middle and hind tibiae with distinct transverse ridges on their outer 
edge ; under surface and legs reddish-brown. 
c. Form distinctly narrowed behind the middle ; thorax wholly black. 

23S7. bicoloe. 

cc. Form much less narrowed behind the middle ; thorax with a brown 
marginal band on sides and front. beunneimakgiNatus. 
blj. Middle and hind tibiae without transverse ridges; under surface and 
legs pieeous. 23SS. eepaxdus. 

aa. Eyes widely separated on the front : form very little narrowed behind 
the middle. 

d. Piceous black : thorax beneath shining, closely but not roughly punc- 
tured 

COXFIXIS. 

dd. Brown: thorax beneath densely and roughly granulate-punctate. 

23S9. TOMENTOSUS. 

*2387 ( 7679). Eusteophes bicoloe Fab.. Ent. Syst. I. 1798, 497. 

Oval, convex, distinctly narrowed behind. Black, shining, sparsely pu- 
bescent ; abdomen and legs reddish-brown : antenna? black, four basal joints 
reddish, terminal joint wholly reddish-yellow. Thorax finely and closely 
punctured, the basal impressions vague. Elytra with rows of feebly im- 
pressed, rather coarse punctures which become finer towards apex; inter- 
vals fiat, closely punctate. Length 5-6 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. January 19-September 20. 
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of fungus-covered logs. In two 
specimens from Tippecanoe County the under side of abdomen and 
femora are wholly black, but otherwise I can note no differences of 
importance. 

E. brunneimarginatus Dury. black, head rufous, thorax and ely- 
tra each margined with brown, length 3.7-4.8 mm., was described 
from near Cincinnati. 

23SS il0.710i. Eusteophus bepandus Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XV. 
1S8S, 33. 

Differs from liicolor by characters given in key. The antenna are 
darker, with only tbe apical half of terminal joint pale. Punctures of ely- 
tral rows much finer on apical third. Length 6-7 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. March 26-Xovember 17. Oc- 
curs with the preceding, more commonly on fungi, and like it prob- 
ably hibernates as imago. 

E. confinis Lee. length 6 mm., is known from Canada. "Wisconsin 
and Nebraska. 



THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 



129:-! 



»"389 (7681). EusTKOPStrs tomentostjs Say. Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
V 1826, 293; ibid. II, 305. 
Oval moderately convex, equally obtuse before and behind, m-own. 
teeblv shining, rather thickly clothed with short yellowish 
tenni under surface and legs reddish-brown. Kyes separated n no t b 
I nstance one-fourth greater than their own width. 

and finely punctate, the basal impressions very faint Elytra with row 
o fine Punrtures. which become unci, smaller near apex ; interna s densel 
ll —at roughly punctate. Middle and hind tibi* with ridges as ,n 
bicolor. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State, frequent ; probably throughout. 
February September 13. Imagoes just emerging were taken on 
the later date. Occurs beneath hark and in dry fungi. Hibernates 
in small numbers beneath deeply buried logs. 

VII. Holostropiius Horn. 1888. (Or., " entire + nourished"; 

i. e., well-fed.) 

Small oval species which, besides the characters given in key. 
have the eves very widely separated, scarcely emarginate m front ; 
last ioint of maxillary palpi oval, obliquely truncate; fourth joint 
of antenna not shorter than fifth. One of the three known species 
occurs in the State. 

2390 (7680). Holostrophfs bifasciatus Say. Long's Expert., II, 1824, 282 ; 
ibid. I, 180. 

Ova,, convex, distinctly narrowed behind middle. . Baa **^™!*^ 
iM L^ed with short, reddish pubescence; elytra piceous, *>th a bioad 
vrflow h tanc on basal and another on apical third, these interrupted at 
suture antenna, pale reddish-brown. Thorax finely and closely punctate, 
the basal impressions short and linear. Elytra finely, densely and irregu- 
larly punctate. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: frequent. April 7-Oetober 9. Occurs m 
and beneath rotten logs and in dry fungi in dense woods. Ranges 
from Massachusetts to Virginia and Tennessee. 

VIII. HaxiLOMenits Panz. 1793. (Gr., "to leap.") 
Small elousate or oblong species having the spurs of hind tibiae 
moderate in size and the hind cox* oblique. Two of the tour reeog- 
nized species occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HAIXOMENTJS. 

a Piceous or dark reddish-brown ; antennae, legs and base of elytra dull 

a. Ficeoub 01 . scapuiabis. 

brownish-yellow; length 4-4.o m„, 
aa. rale brown; head fuscous; smaller, 3 mm. 



1294 



FAMILY LVIII. MELANDRYIDzE. 



2391 (7683). Hallomenus scapularis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci 

III, 1846, 57. 

Oblong-ovate, subcortex. Color given in key; sparsely pubescent with 
yellowish hairs. Thorax one-half wider than long ; sides parallel on basal 
third, thence rounded to apex; surface finely and densely granulate-punc- 
tate, with a deep impression each side near base. Elytra more sparsely and 
less roughly punctate than thorax. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marshall, Wells and Vigo counties; scarce. May 19-October 23. 
Occurs on fungi, especially Pohjporus sulphureus Ft. 

2392 (7686). Hallomenus debilis Lee, New Sp. N. Am. Col.. I. 1866. 152. 
Oblong. Dull brownish-yellow, pubescence paler. Antennas stout, slightly 

longer than the head and thorax, third joint much longer than the second 
and fourth together : the joints more closely united than in scapularis. Tho- 
rax and elytra more densely punctate than there, the basal impressions of 
the former smaller. Length 3 mm. 

Putnam County ; rare. August 12. Occurs beneath logs and on 
fungi. 

IX. Orchesia Lat. 1807. (Gr.. " a dancer.") 

Small elongate, convex species having the spurs of the middle 
and hind tibia? finely pectinate on their inner or lower edge. Our 
species are chestnut-brown in color and have the eyes rather close 
together on the front. Two of the three species have been taken in 
the State. When uncovered they leap and tumble in grotesc{ue fash- 
ion in their endeavors to escape. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ORCHESIA. 

a. Presternum between the coxa? very narrow and acute at apex. 

2393. CASTANEA. 

aa. rrosternum between the coxa? broader and parallel, the apex obtuse. 

2394. GRACILIS. 

2393 (7687). Orchesia castanea Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II L 

1846, 57. 

Elongate, convex. LTniform dark chestnut brown; antenna? and legs 
slightly paler ; pubescence silky brown. Thorax one-third wider than long, 
rather coarsely and densely punctured near the base, more finely in front, 
the basal impressions evident but shallow. Elytra punctured like the tho- 
rax. Length 4-5 mm. 

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 4-November 9. Occurs 
beneath chunks and in woody fungi. 

2394 (7688). Orchesia gracilis Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 

1846, 57. 

More slender than castanea and more narrowed behind the middle. 
Punctures of thorax and elytra more coarse and rugose, the basal impres- 
sions of former very vague. Length 3.5-4 mm. 



1295 

THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 

+• . r-arp March 20-June 22. 
Kosciusko and Putnam counties; rare. 
Sifted from dead leaves in low moist places. Ranges trom 
vania to Louisiana. ova l convex, black, shining, head, 

from Illinois and Georgia, 

Tr ft>e VI. 'MELANDRYINI. 
' The genera comprising tribe 

^X^Tl^^X^ -i of mates di 
Med fron^'conti^ous, tarsal claws simple ; thorax as wide at 
base as elytra ; head net constricted behind. 

Representatives of the following genera are known to occui 
probably occur within the State: 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MELANDRYINI. 

„ Elvtrn „,—. - .. .» ■<"■■■ ' - » "4,-"-" It. 

gether not longer than joint 4. 

„, cental suture rt™*f%£££Z* - ^ 

Middle coxae contiguous; antennae sienaei , Xylita. 
lary palpi large, hatchet-shaped. 

,. r r than - ^ « 

ee. Ma*..hu-.v pal,- with fourth Joint not wider tt.au second mid 

„ Miliary palpi not serrate or servifonn. the fourth joint elon- 
. " gate : IL uniform hrown : length move than 11 ^ 

a «. serrate or serriform. the last joint 

« M :r= = — ■ «• - tks£ 

t'-iced in front, obsolete behind. ' 
oa Pro nt entire,- Cosed on the outer side. ,. e.. without an 

, SSES^S - -triform or «^ « 
length 6 or more mm. 
[82—23402] 



1296 



FAMILY LVIJI. MELANDRYIM. 



W Maxillary palpi with last Joint hatchet-shaped; length less th ; 



an 



S ZL°mT le HW:e Sma11 ' equal ; secona Jolut of autem * 

**■ s c ot ;r itwie tibi » very — = ^ ^\^z 

longer than second. . 

Anisoxya. 

X. Melandrya Fab. 1801. (Gr., "black + oak.'/) 
This and the next genus have the head inclined, never vertical- 
su tare between front and clvpens distinct ; last Joint of malillarv 
palpt .tder hatchet-shaped; front coxa, conical, contiguous wi lt 
dtsttnct trochanter; middle coxae contiguous. MaLrya, 2 
ypieal genus of the family, is represented in the United State and 
Jnciiana by one species. 

2395 (7653). Melandbya striata Say, 
Long's Exped., II, 1823, 
2SG ; ibid. I, 190. 
Elongate-oval. Black, shining; termi- 
nal joints of palpi and antenna? reddish- 
brown; pubescence very fine and sparse. 
Thorax gradually narrowing from base to 
apex, where it is but slightly wider than 
the head; surface finely and sparsely punc- 
tate and with three wide, shallow grooves 
on basal half, the middle one the longest. 
Elytra gradually broader from base to 
apex, widely and deeply striate ; intervals 
convex, sparsely and irregularly punctate. 
Length 7.5-15 mm. (Fig. 572.) 

Throughout the State ; common in 
the southern counties, less so north- 
ward. April 9- June 18. Occurs be- 
neath bark. 




Fig. 572. (Original.) 



XL EMMESANewm. 1838. (Gr., "intermediate.") 
One of the two known United States species occurs in the State. 
2396 (7655). Emmesa labiata Say, Long's Exped., II, 1823, 2S7- ibid I 

Elongate subparallel. Black, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent- 

rowT Th^ on°: n tf- 1 »T ^ ^ ° f ^ ^ °* » 
brown. Thorax one-third w,der than long, sides feeblv curved from base 

to apex; dash finely and rather closely punctate and with a deep ^de 
oblique impression each side on basal half and a narrow one at midl 
Elytra closely and rather finely punctured, each with two or tbL nd s' 
tinct raised lines. Length 9-11 mm. 



THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 121,7 

Marion and Crawford counties; rare. May 24-May 25. Occurs 
on leaves of plants and shrubs. 

%«a Zoaia Hedw., black, basal half of 
nifo-piceous, length 5-7 mm., ranges from Mame to Lake Suptn 
and has been taken at Cincinnati. 

Carclara languU Lee, elongate Repressed ,m ; e,, us, length 6.5 
mm „ is said to occur rarely in the "Middle States. 

XII SPiLOTDsLec. 1862. (Gr., "spotted.") 
what thickened toward apex. 

2397 (7662). Scuncs Melsh., Proc. PhU. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Ill, 1S^ 6 ' 5T - 

RW-Hsh-Diceous, sparsely and finely pube&- 
Elongate, slender convex Mad, ish P ^ , J? elytta each 

cent ; tibiae, tarsi and basal ha t ot amenn. other , smaller 

with two dull yellow ^- Z-T ^^lu wider than long, sides 
and more rounded, on apicai thud. ^Thorax c ^ ^ a 

rounded, hind angles ^ ? " ely and den y ! ^ 
faint impression each side neai base. wua 
thorax. Length 3^3.5 mm. 

Kosciusko and Vigo counties; rare. June 5 June 
from leaves of walnut. 

XI II Enchodes Lec. 1866. (Gr., "lance + appearance.") 
This genus is represented in the Middle and Western States by 

one species. . 

wairi Tourn Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., l, 
239S (7665). Enchodes sekicea Hald., Jomn. m 

" 1849 9S 

Ungate, slender, suppressed , tapering 
chestnut-brown, rather densely clothed with ^ery toe, p ^ 
pubescence. Thorax about : « : W!de a long -led. ^ 
acute, base bismuate; dish verj tme y gradually but dis- 

wlde , triangular impression ^ te toely and densely punc- 

tinctly tapering from near base to apex, nor 

^Vrr^^ties; rare. May 21-dune 10. Taken from 
.enluh bark of the downy ^ e Mra 



129S 



FAMILY LVIII. — MELANDRYID.E. 



XIV. Phueotbya Steph. 1832. (Gr., "bark + to bore.") 
This genus includes those species usually listed under Dirccea 
Iney are of medium size, have the head vertical ; presternum short 
not separating front coxa,; males with front tarsi rather widely 
dilated and the last ventral segment truncate or cmarginale Two 
ot the seven species recognized by Horn have been taken in the 
btate and another perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PHLCEOTEYA. 

a. Antennae slender, joints longer than wide ; length 7 or more mm 

6. Thorax shining, simply punctate; elytra each with two yellow spots 
ot irregular shape. oqqq „ tt 

7.7. rp, 1 2o99. QUADBIMACULATA. 

66. rhoiax opaque, rugulose ; elytra uniform brown or piceous. 

A zzr h 3oiuts ~ at tri — ^ -"Its 

length b mm. & ' 

CONCOLOB. 

2399 ( 7669). Phixeotrya quadbuiacvlata Say, Long's Exped II i S o 3 
283; ibid. I. 1ST. 

Elongate-oval, convex, narrower behind the middle. Dark reddish- 
b own or pmeous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent; antenna, palpi am! 
t ion margin ot thorax pale: elytra each with a yellowish irregular H 
shaped spot on basal third and a very irregular one on apical third. Tho- 
iax shghtly wmer than long, disk with sides strongly sloping, finely and 
ensely punctate Elytra more sparsely punctured, the punctures on basal 
halt unequal and coarser than those near apex. Length 7.5-11 mm 

Lake, Putnam, Marion and Crawford counties : scarce May 28- 
July lo. Occurs on moss of beech and maple trees. Commonly 
listed as Dirccm Htnrata Lee, but Say's name has priority as it 
was thrown aside by LeConte only on the ground that it had been 
preoccupied under Serropalpus. 

2400 (7671). Phixeotrya vaudouebi Muls., Col. Pr. Barbip 79 

, E1 °! 1Sate ' subc y lindl - ical - S%b.tly depressed. Dark brown to piceous 
feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short, brown pubescence: lately 

ill T' Sm ° f tb01 ' aX - aUteUUa> anfl ^ ^dish-brown. Thorax a 
httle longer than wide, sides rounded into apex ; surface finely, densely and 

TZ ° T i2I nS T? C0UflUei1 ^ PUnCtate ' the basaI iMons^rv 
tamt. Elytra with two or three vague costae, tbe surface of basal half more 
sparsely and coarsely punctured than thorax. Length 7-9.5 mm 
Perry County ; rare. May 31. Occurs beneath hark 
P. concolor Lee, dark brown, antennae piceous, less fuscous, the 
tarsi paler, is known from Pennsylvania and near Cincinnati. 

XV.. Symphoba Lee 1866. (Or., "joined.") 
Here belong two small, elongate, brownish or piceous species 
having the head scarcely deflexed, not constricted behind the eyes ; 



1299 

THE MELANDRYID BARK BEETLES. 

j.i l ,,!>!,. fhp length of second 

s^js^ff^s^ 

irr™: ™ ■ ■ - - ■ 

184S, 100. . Lhintaa tincly pubes- 

Elongate. moderately convex Bl«c*isl H M^ ^ 
cent: head, thorax, legs and base ot an ten mot M byeUo ^ ^ 
tbird wider than long, .ides broad l io. m W- ^ vague oblique 

obtuse; disk rather coarsely and. , arse 1- « ■ ^ ^ coarsely m 
impression each side near base. Elytia sbgn, 

sparser punctate than thorax Length >- ,., » ' „,,- 
Throughout the State; frequent. April IWU13 

neath bark and on foliage. 

mm. ***** — Hald., » A-d. Nat. Bet., I, OH . 

rsnany more — r than * £ ^f.S 

in ^ uniform pale c— brovv ; to d th ^ ^ punctate . its 

teume and legs pale)- I hoiax less eon ^ 

o«t« margins eontin « with those ot Taken by 

Throughout the State; common. June . Only 

beating; also on fungi. s „rfa.* finely i:» 
^SSS^ ^ bribed from Pennsylvania. 

Tribe VII. SCRAPTIINI. 

This tribe is composed of three ff^^^^Z 
the h(ia(1 incli ned 

eyes into a small neck: labial palpi tro . 
era have been taken m the State. 

KEY TO GENERA OF SCRAPTIINI. 

a. Last joint of -xillaxy palpi ^ joint of Mnd tarsi twice 

b Next to last joint of all tne taiw iy XVI Sceaptia. 

" *** ^^^^""^01 lobed; brst Joint of hind tarsi 
Til, Next to last joint of nmcL tarsi u ^ \llopoda. 

sorter than ^^^^rnn^ife sbaped. 
aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi eipnga XYIH. Canifa. 

t ,tv 1807 (Gr.. "an unchaste woman.") 
XVI Soraptia Lati. iolm. iw.j 



1300 FAMILY I.VIII. .MKLANimyjIMi 



itlft il J l0nSe \ i]mn SeCOnd ' the two not longer than 

fourth; last jo.nf of maxillary pa i pi , one . half lo ^ * 

wide, the outer side broadly curved. 

2403 (70W). Melsh , Proe pM] Aead gd in> 

coarsely punctured than thorax. 4 5 n l! ^ ^ 

XVII. Allopoda Lec. 1866. (Gr., "other + feet") 
Represeuted by one small elongate, convex species having the 
antenna, about half the length of body, second joint half as long a 

Set 18 IT' f ° Urth; MXt t0 laSt ^ of ^nt and 

1 1 , "J ;, i,n,i l0b6d; Same j0int of hind tei ^der, 

not at all dilated and two-thirds the length of preceding. 

2404 (7691). allopoda lutea Hald., Jouru. Phil. Aead. Nat. 84, I, 1848, 

Elongate, rather slender, subdepressed. Pale dull yellow to reddish 
brown, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent ; e,ytra usnal^wTtt a common 
blown spot on apical third, which often extends forward along the suW 

long, sides lounded into apex: surface, as well as that of elytra finely and 

^^zr^^zr wm a - n - — 

nf C .^I f ° rdCount y scarce. June 2-June 27. Occurs on flowers 
ot wild hydrangea and other shrubs. 

XVIII. Canifa Lec. 1866. 

ted joints small, equal the fourth as long as both united; last 

S »?f P , fU% twiCe 88 l0ng as ™ de ' » ext to last 
"'f f 81 * + 6 tarsi 00 l rdate and s ^ewhat lobed ; first joint of hind 
tarsi nearly twice as long as the others united. Four small dull 
species represent the genus, all of which have been taken in the 

KEY TO SPECIES OF CANIFA. 

a. Color of thorax and elytra uniform 

l Xll"2ZT V ' n '* ; l6gS Pal6 ' " Hl1 yeI, ° W; baSal -Passions of 

2405. PALLIPES. 



1301 

THE MEt.ANDHYII) BARK BEETLES. 

W. Black; legs pate fuscous; basal impressions very faiut^ 

««. Thorax and elytra more elytra large ly dull yellow, 

c. Head black; thorax and basal pornon 01 .v i , la( , |ata 

cc. Head and thorax black; elytra pale, dull yellow. ^ pAIJ „ Is . 
2 ,05 (7605). Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Bet, HI, 

E.ougate. rathef —r, ™or ^n In key ; b^ad Mack, 

iTSri = 5S ^-arsely and less rough- 

less so northward. May lo 'Jm.v 
ons shrubs. 

, 40 o (7693). Canifa fes,,,, Hold., .Tonrn. Phi,. Acad. Nat. Sc.. I. 18* . 

Putnam aBd Dubois counties; scarce. May lO-May 26. 
2407 (7692). Oanifa feao^a Melsb., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sen, HI, 

PO rm f — « r^r* a ws 

tr. dull brownish-yellow; apica , deeper, with usually 

northward. May 11 J une z lloney _iocust and great rag- 

and herbs, especially that of red bud, noney 

weed. ^ VVTT -,q 7 q 

2408 (7694). Cak.a pa,— s Lee, Proc. Ame, Phil. Soc., U, 4878, 

ungate, J2. Head and thorax jjft^J^jSZ 

^darST SSS*- S— " 
tote- basal impressions broad and distinct. Length Ad 

One specimen from beneath the barb of dead pine near Mrllers, 
Lake CoX inly 14. Described from northern Mrehrgan. 

Tribe VIII. NOTHINI. 

in North America by the one genns : 
This tribe is represented m JNortn .vmei 



1302 



FAMILY LIX. — PYTHIDiE. 



XIX. NothusOIiv. 1811. (Gr., "a bastard.") 

at^ZT^^y reSembleS LamPyrid ' Telephorus Mine- 
atus Say, in general appearance. Besides the characters given in 

last joint of maxillary palpi large, dilated, nearly cultriform- front 
ox. conical, contiguous. The males have the hind femora curved 
the tzhue armed with a sharp spine on the inner edge near the t p 
and the tarsal claws cleft. P ' 

2409 (7698). Nothus vaeians Lee, New Sp. 

N. Am. Co]., I, 1S66, 145. 
Elongate-oblong, parallel. Piceous or 
blackish-piceous, sparsely clothed with fine 
gray, prostrate hairs; thorax reddish-yellow' 
witma broad, black stripe each side of mid- 
dle, these often connected or even confluent- 
antennae and legs usually piceous, sometimes 
m part or wholly dull yellow. Thorax sub- 
orbicular, slightly broader than long, its an- 
gles all obtusely rounded ; surface finely and 
rather closely punctate. Elytra finely, dense- 
ly and rugosely punctate. Length 5-8 mm 
(Fig. 573.) 

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 
1-July 1. Occurs on flowers and foliage, 
especially those of Crataegus. 

Tribe IX. MYCTERINI. 

While no m,mb«, „f M» i,,. „,„ ,„ k „ io tle Sljte 

KEY TO GENERA OF MYCTEEINI 

a. Hendshort; epipleu^ not reaching tip. of e W ra; first von.ra, segment 

,,, ;:;; I '"- l "'-'r 1 hito « ^ tiP s ot - ^™ 

ventral as long as the second. 2> ' 

r , Mycterus. 

Lacconotus punctata Leo., black, thorax reddish-yellow with 
median black space, length 4-5.5 mm., has been taken by Dnry at 

ZTZ'J^ SCab€r Hald " " laek - ie "' S and antenna, yet 
low, length 4.5 mm., < ' occurs in the Atlantic States. ' ' 

Family LIX. PYTHID^B. 
The Pythid Bark Beetles. 

90 t Sma " Sr"^ repmented in ti!e f^ted States by only about 
20 &PLCleS - lhey are separated from those of Melandryid* by hav- 




fig- 573. x 6. (Original.) 



1 ••>( ) • > 

THE PYTH1D BARK BEETLES. 



ing the thorax narrowed behind, rarely manned at >, ots 

disk without basal impressions. In for,,, they are usual!, long and 
narrow either slightly convex or mneh flattened. Ihe> oe. .. « 
nS bark, osualfy that of pine, and have no speeial eeononne nn- 

P ° r oTh" then the characters above mentioned, the PytJnd* Jiave 
t „o , prominent, not constricted behind the eyes , 
Sitber emarginate or finely granulate ; antenna, ll-jomted, s hghtl, 
tokened toward the tips; elytra rounded at apex, covcrmg the ab- 
ttn t latter with five free ventral segments; -nt ^ eon, 
cal, usually contiguous, the cavities open behind; tarsi slender, 

npver lobed, their claws simple. 

Of 2 n ne genera recognized by LeConte and Horn, representa- 

tiv « o but thrte have been taken in the State, while those o one 
other probably occur. The only papers treating of any of the 
North American species are as follows : 

Horn. - "Table of the species of Cononotus," in Trans. Amer. 

Ent. Soe., II. 1868, 136. 
LeConte -"Table of Rhinosimus," in N. Am. Entom I, 1868, 4 
Tori.-" Synopsis of the Genus Pytfco," i« Trans. Amer. Ent. 

Soc XV, 1888, 45-46. ,, . ., 

Wickham. "The I 'ythi.hr of Ontario and Quebec, m Oan. 
Ent.. XXXI. 1899, 57-61. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PVTHID.E. 

a Middle coxa, with distinct trocnanttns : last Joint of maxillary palpi di- 
«. Middle coxa; \wm ..,.„.,,,., ■ length 30 or more mm. 

lated; mandibles visible beyond the labrum, engtn 
„. Third joint of antenna, not longer than tourth ; els t. a not stnate.^ 

66. Third joint of antenna, longer than fourth ; elytra striate ; hody^mmh 



length less than 5 mm. Saemngus. 

c. Beak of head broad and very short. ^ Rhino sime;s. 
cc. Beak prolonged. 

I. Bonos Herbst. 1797. (Or., "to shine.") 
But one species from North America belongs to this genus. 

2410 (7708). Bobos vnicoix* Say. lourn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 
2.3S ; ibid. II. 305. 

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Uniform piceous, shining ™* ° r 
not at tn pubescent. Antenme one-third longer than head. I hoi ax oval, 



1304 



FAMILY LX, CEDEAtERnXE. 



■™i^ p eVe ! lIy , 1 ' 0miClefl; Sm ' faCe ' aS We " aS that of bead - W 
and rather closely punctate. Elytra much more finely and sparsely pon/- 
tate than thorax. Length 11-13 mm. 

Lake County; rare. October 22. One specimen from beneath 
bark of dead pine. 

The range of PytJw depressus L. is such as to include Indiana 
It is piceous or chestnut-brown, with a bluish or violet lustre le-s 
antenna? and under surface reddish-yellow. Length 11-15 mm. & ' 

II. Salpixgus Gyll. 1810. (Gr, " a trumpet") 

. 0ne of tlle four recognized species occurs in the northern por- 
tion of the State. 

2111 (7717). Salpixgls virescens Lee.. Agass. Lake Sup., 1850 23^ 

Elongate, depressed. Greenish-black, shining; antenna reddish-brown 
the last three joints piceous. Thorax slightly broader than head, widest 
one-fourth from apex, thence obliquely narrowed to base; hind angles rect- 
angular, distinct; surface, as well as that of head, sparsely and rather 
finely punctate. Elytra broader at base than thorax, widening behind the 
middle; disk with rows of fine, feebly impressed, close-set punctures; inter- 
vals flat, smooth. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. June 28. Taken by beating foliage of pine. 

HI. Rhinosimus Latr. 1805. (Gr, '"flat-nosed.") 
This genus is easily distinguished from the preceding by the 
much greater length of the flattened beak, the species in this respect 
resembling some of those of the family Khynehitidae. One of the 
three known species has been taken in the State. 

2412 (7723). Rhinosimus vikidi^xeus Rand.. Bost. Journ Nat Hi^t TT 
1838, 23. ■ • " ■ ' ' 

Elongate. Blackish-green, strongly shining; antennae, legs and tip of 
beak brownish-yellow. Beak flat, twice as long as wide, narrowed at mid- 
dle, wider at tip. Thorax slightly broader than long, narrowed behind 
sides rounded in front ; surface, as well as that of head and beak, coarsely 
but not densely punctured and with two irregular impressions each side 
Llytra about twice as wide as thorax, marked with rows of scarcely im- 
pressed, rather fine punctures: intervals flat, the alternate ones each' with 
a single row of distant punctures. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

A single specimen in the Wolcott collection, taken near Millers 
Lake County. July 13. Occurs beneath bark of pine. 

Family LX. (EDEMERID.E. 
The CEdemerid Beetles 
A family of small or medium-sized beetles, usually rather slen- 
der, elongate and semicylindrical in form, with the head and thorax 



1 305 

THE (EDEMERID BEETLES. 



narrower than elytra, the former bnt slightly narrowed 
The middle coxae are very prominent; thorax without sharp edge 
at rides its lateral suture beneath wanting; elytra somewhat 
! f in texture and either smooth or with fine punctures and silky 
hS S are found mostly on flowers or foliage, sometimes » 
erTvices o on the ground near water. The larv, live for the most 
nart in decaying wood and are not of much economic importance. 
The name of" the family is derived from that of the ; typical genus 
(Edzmera, which is the Greek of two words meaning swollen and 

"^f'.'adition to the characters mentioned, the members of the 
fanflly have the palpi 4-jointed, the last Joint f ^ed ; head s^igh ly 
inclined the front somewhat prolonged; antenna; 11- - rarely U 
oinTed nearly Aliform; elytra covering the abdomen whmhh^ ^ 
free ventral segments wdth a sixth sometimes visible in the males, 
nl ^2 lar ,, conical, contiguous, the -^ies widely open h. 
bind; tarsi with the next to last joint dilated and .tan* « «*J 
dense brush of hairs beneath; tarsal claws usually simple, rarely 

t0 t JrinXal papers treating of the North American species are 

as follows : . a J5 

ie Co»f<, -"Synopsis of the CEdemerid^of the United States, 

in Proc Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., VII, 1854, 20-22. 
LeConte.-" Synoptic Tables of Copidita and Oxacis, ,n New 

Sn N Am. Col., I, 1866, 164-166. 
Horn -'"The CEdemeridae of Boreal America," in Proc. Califor- 
nia Acad. Sci., VI, 1896, 382-421. . 
W^^- ' The (Edemerhte and Cephalonte of Ontario and 

Quebec," in Can. Put., XXX, 1893. 149-152. 
Horn, in his paper above cited, recognized 5C , specn* ^fron 
America These he distributes among 13 genera. Of these but five 
^ belonging to four genera, have been taken m the State, and 
a representative of another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CEDEMERIDiE. 

a. Next to last Joint of tarsi narrowly allatea ; lengtU less 
aa . N^t^nt « tarsi Uro.mly dilatea; *** usually .ore tl.aa 

„. S «*. witt, one spur; color a^ve yellowisl, elytra «^ 
black; antennae of male 12-jointed. v 

.« 4. „ cni1 rr Rntennse in both sexes ll-iomted. 
hi). Front tibise with two spins, antenna 

c. Both mandibles bifid at tip. 



1306 



FAMILY hX, — CEDEMERIDJ2. 



<L Claws simple. 

UOFIDITA. 

M. Claws toothed at base: form very slender; color blackish, thorax 
wholly or in part reddish. IJL Ascxeba 

cc. Both mandibles simple: head short. IV . Oxacis- 

I. Microtontjs Lec. 1862. (Cr, < ; small + a thong.'') 
Represented by a single small brown species having the head 
short, the front with distinct curved suture just before the eyes 
which are rather coarsely granulate ; maxillary palpi with last joint 
rather long, hatchet-shaped ; antenna? slender, one-half the length of 
body, the second joint one-third as long as fourth. 

2413 (7726). Micbotonus seeicans Lee. Class. Col. of N. A.. I. 1862, 259. 

Elongate, slender, convex. Brown, feebly shining, sparsely clothed' with 
short, silken, yellowish hairs. Thorax nearly square, as wide as head, sides 
teebly rounded; hind angles acute; surface finely and denselv punctate and 
with a vague depression each side near base. Elytra bur slightly wider at 
base than thorax : surface closely, coarsely and irregularly punctate. Length 
3.8-4.5 mm. 

Orange, Crawford and Perry counties; scarce. May 11-June 
26. Occurs on foliage, especially that of elm. 

II. Xacerdes Schmidt. 1846. 

One medium-sized, slender-bodied species belongs here. The an- 
tennae are less than half the length of body, 12-jointed in male 
eleven in female. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi elongate-trian- 
gular. 

2414 (7733). Xacerdes melaxura Linn.. Faun. Suec. 1746. 205. 

Elongate, slender, parallel, subdepressed. Above dull yellow elytra 
tipped with blackish purple: under surface and legs in great part piceous. 
Thorax dilated each side in front of middle, narrowed behind, rather coarse- 
ly and closely punctate. Elytra each with four narrow, slightly elevated 
hues ; surface finely and densely punctate. Length 8-12 mm. 

Wells, Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 29-July 12 
Occurs about cellars, old boxes and lumber yards, probably in all 
of the larger towns of the State. Originally from Europe', it has 
been spread by commerce over the world. In one specimen from 
Lawrence County the thorax has a large piceous spot each side. 

Copidita thoracica Fab., piceous, thorax reddish-yellow, elytra 
varying to purple or blue, length 5-7 mm., is said to occur from the 
' ' Middle States southward. ' ' 



THE (EDEMERIO BEETLES. 



1307 



HI Asclesra Schmidt. 1846. (Or., <<n6t4-faaid.") 
Elongate, slender blackish forms having to****^ 
,ostate- las joint of maxillary palpi triangular; tarsal claws 
tithed at hase. Two of the six recognized species occur in the 
State. 

2415 (7752). Asci.era ,u:K.«,.rx,s Say, Journ. PM1. Acad. Nat. Set., Ill, 
1824 271 ; ibid. II, 160. 
ii RkA n-maue- thorax wholly red. Thorax broader 

punctate. Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent southward, much less so m the 
1 on flowerS7 especially 

northern counties. Apni i xUd/y . ftfrhifhrn 

those of the yellow adder's tongue or dog's tooth vm let ; 

£ «,<>»■;,„„,, Ker.) ; also on those of willow, wild plum, black 

haw, etc. 

2410 (7753). Asci.kka re nct IC oixis Say. Joun, Phil. Acad, Nat. Set, HI, 
1821, 273 ; ibid. II; 161. 

distinct but less prominent. length 6.5-8 mm. 

Pntnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 12-May 6. Occurs 

on flowers of wild plum, etc. 

IV. OxACis Lec. 1866. (Gr., "sharp + edge.") 
Here belong about 15 slender species, having the antenme in- 
serted Is t^ he eyes, which are emargiuate ; maudihles acu c at 
tip ; claws usually simple. But one has been taken m the State. 
2417 (7741). OxACiS t^xata Proc, Pint Acad. Nat. Sc.., VII. 

Elongate, ^?^ t ^J£^^ 
,v piceous, often with a median Maclc.sh spot an a m. 
^ * W antenna dull yellow ^ 
the third. Thorax obovate, longei than win , 
sion- rather finely aod densely punctate. Elytra hnel 5 
tate without trace of coste. Length 7-0 mm. 

Posey Countv; rare. May 18. Beaten from flowers ot the take 
indigo. ' A member of the Austroriparian fauna. 



1308 



FAMILY LXI. MORDELLID^E. 



Family LXI. MORDELLID 2&. 
The Tumbling Flower Beetles. 
This family includes a large number of small, wedge-shaped 
beetles having the body arched, the head bent downward and the 
abdomen usually prolonged into a style or pointed process. The 
hmd legs are, m most species, very long and stout, fitted for leap- 
ing; the antenna:- long and slender and the thorax is as wide at base 
as the elytra. The body is densely covered with fine silky hairs 
usually black, but often very prettily spotted or banded with yel- 
low or silvery hues. The adults occur on flowers or on dead trees 
and are very active, flying and running with great rapidity and in 
the net or beating umbrella jumping and tumbling about in gro- 
tesque manner in their efforts to escape. The larvae live in old wood 
or m the pith of plants, and those of some species are said to be 
carnivorous m habit, feeding upon the young of Lepidoptera and 
Diptera which they find in the plant stems. The name Mordella, 
that ot the typical genus, is from the Latin mordere or "bite." 

In addition to the characters mentioned the Mordellidae have the 
maxillary palpi 4- jointed, the last joint variable in form - head ver- 
tical and applied closely to the presternum in repose, suddenly con- 
stricted immediately behind the eyes; antennae slender, 11- jointed 
inserted at the sides of the front ; thorax strongly narrowed in front' 
its lateral suture distinct; elytra narrowed behind, not truncate' 
leaving exposed the tip of the abdomen, the latter with five or six 
ventral segments; front legs short, hind ones usually Ion-- front 
coxae large, conical, contiguous, without trochantins, the "cavities 
open behind; hind coxae flat, contiguous, very large in most of our 
species; hmd tarsi long, compressed; tarsal claws either simple or 
cleft to the base, with the upper portion comb-toothed in most 
species. 

The principal literature treating of the North American forms is 
as follows : 

LeConte.— "Synopsis of the Mordellida? of the United States " 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XIV, 1862, 43-51. 

Smith, John B. "A Synopsis of the Mord'ellidse of the United 
States," in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, X 1882 73-100 Pis 
I-III. ' ' 

About 120 members of the family are known from North Amer- 
ica. These are distributed among seven genera, six of which are 
represented in the State. One of the principal characters used in 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 

separating the genera and species is the m™l >er and form of the 
small black ridges on the outer face of the In ml tibiae and tarsi 1 he 
insects should be mounted with the hind legs straightened out and 
plainly visible, else their identification is impossible. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE MORDELLIUJ5. 

a. Abdomen not prolonged at tip; tarsal claws not cleft; upper surface of 
bodv very finely and transversely stngose. ,. , , , 

B. Fi'nt and middle tarsi with tfiird and fourth joints eaual^a~ 

rather short, with the last five joints broader. 1 ^ 

U. Front and middle tarsi with the fourth joint very small^ 

aa Abdomen with the last segment prolonged, conical; tarsal claws cleft 
mid nectinate ; hind femora much enlarged. 
o Hind ttbte with only a small subapical ridge; eyes finely granu ated 
"f. Anal styie short, obtuse; scutellum usualiy 

pvps not reaching the occiput. 
a, Anff^e long ami slender; scutellum trianguiar ; ^reachmg 

cc. mndlibSTnd tarsi with oblige ridges on the outer face; eyes 
coarsely granulated. „ „ 

e. Hind tibia, with one long ridge and no subap.cal one ^TC, No. 

10^ • Ipnsth 6-8 mm. 
e. Hind Wuf with subapical ridge distinct and usually on^or m^ 
ob , i(r „e ones in addition (Fig. 570, Nos. lo ami tTK « less 
than 6 mm. 

I Pentaria Muls. 1856. (Or., "five + thin.") 
Our species of this and the next genus are small yellow or yellow 
and black, finely pubescent forms, Having the ^"J^g 
than wedge-shaped; hind femora not or but ^^> U ^^ [ ^ 
dorsal segment not prolonged; eyes oval, narrowly emarginate. 
Pelria has the sixth ventral segment visible, and is represented in 
the State by one of the four known species. 

2418 (7761). Pentaria trifasciata Melsh., Pro* Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 
1845, 316. 

Elongate, subdepressed. Head, thorax, legs and ^ofa^« 
rcblish vellow elytra yellow, with base, tips and a broad band just behmcl 
ttf mldfile! Mac I, abdomen, and sometimes the entire under surface, fus- 
cous. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent; more so in the southern coun- 
fips Tune 4-July 30. Occurs on flowers, especially those ot the 
djwood (Uorlll wild hydrangea and black haw The thorax is 
sometimes marked with fuscous and the bands of elytra are rareh 
connected along the suture. 



1310 



FAMILY LXI. — MGEDELLJD M. 



II. Anaspis Geoff'. 1762. (Gr, "without - shield.") 

. Sixth ventral segment not visible; fourth joint of front and 
middle tarsi very small and received upon the third which is 
slightly lobed; males with two slender appendages protruding from 
between the fourth and fifth ventral segments. Two of the eight 
recognized species have been taken in the State, while a third may 
occur m the northern counties. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANASPIS. 

a. Upper surface entirely black ; palpi, base of antennae and front legs dull 
yellow: thorax twice as wide as long: length 3-4 mm xi G r\ 
aa. Upper surface, in part at least, yellow : tborax one-half wider than long' 
b. Head, thorax and under surface black ; elytra pale brownish-yellow. 

2419. FLAVIPENNTS. 

bb. Head fuscous or yellow: thorax and elytra dull reddish-yellow. 

2420. RUFA. 

A. nigra Hald.. readily recognized by the robust form, is known 
from Vermont and Xew York to Lake Superior. 

2419 (7769). Anaspis flavipennis Hald.. Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci I 

1848,100. 

Elongate, slender. Color given in key; tibial tarsi, mouth parts and 
base of antennae brownish-yellow. Length 3-4 nun. 

Steuben, Marion, Putnam and Jennings counties: scarce. April 
9-May 25. Occurs on flowers, especially those of huckleberrv and 
Cratwgus. 

2420 (7770). Anaspis eufa Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. V. 1S26. <>44 • 

ibid. II, 309. 

Elongate, slender. Head yellow or more or less piceous ; antennae and 
abdomen fuscous or dull yellow. Length 3-4 mm. 

Kosciusko, Fulton. Putnam and Crawford counties- scarce 
April 20-June 27. 

III. Tomoxia Costa. 1854. (Gr., "joint + sharp.") 
Iu this and succeeding genera the body is more or less wedge- 
shaped ; hind femora very large and flat ; last dorsal segment conical, 
prolonged; sixth ventral not visible: body pubescent and very finely 
punctulate. The species of Tomoxia are of a blackish color,' varied 
with irregular grayish pubescence. They have the anal style short, 
obtuse: antenna serrate: last joint of maxillary palpi more or less 
elongate, triangular and thick, with the apical face concave. Two of 
the three recognized species have been taken in the State. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



1311 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TOMOXIA. 

a Last joint of maxillary palpi long, triangular; scutellum emarginate be- 

U. J 2421. HI I) F.N TATA. 

oa LasMomt of maxillary palpi broadly tataftet-snaped : sentellnm tri- 

UU. jv^t 2422. HILARIS. 

angular. 

2421 (7773). Tomoxia bidf.ntata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat Bel., HI. 
1S24, 277 ; ibid. II. 164. 
Robust, wedge-shaped. Brown, varied wttn ash-gray pubescence as fol- 
lows four stripes ou thorax radiating from the middle of front margin, 
Meh w h the side margins, is also ash-gray: elytra each with three or 
^ur stripes on basal half, a broken erossband behind middle ami the apex 
aT-gray : a large rhomboidal brown spot on each near base. Length 10- 
13 inm. 

Lake Vise and Posey counties; scarce. February 6-Jttne 7. 
Occurs on dead trees. T. UneeO* Lee, 5-7 mm, in length, the elytra 
marked with narrow ash-gray lines, is now recognized as the male ot 
bidentaia. 

2422 (7776). Tomoxia hilabis Say. Best. Journ. Nat. Hist., I. 1835, 100: 
ibid. II. 661. 

Form wedge-shaped: more slender than We„tat«. Black, varied with 
pubescence: elytra with a narrow sub-basal band ot browmsb- 
% pubeseence and a broader one behind the middle, the two connect^ 
along the suture and margined with ash-gray pubescence. Length 9-13 mm. 

Described from Indiana. Two in Stein collection, probably from 
Pcsey County. 

IV. Mobdella Linn. 1758. (L., "bite.") 
Rather large wedge-shaped forms having the scutellum triangu- 
lar ■ anal stvle usually long ami slender : last joint of maxillary palpi 
Ion- triangular and obliquely truncate (except in the male of oou- 
lata). Nine of the 19 recognized forms have been taken m the 
State, while two others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MOBDELLA. 

a Anal stvle short and truncate: dull black: thorax and elytra sprinkled 
wi^smaH spots of silvery pubescence, the latter with narrow inter- 
rupted band on apical third composed of confluent spots. boreaiis. 

aa Anal style long and slender. 

" 7,. Last joint of maxillary palpi triangular, the sides unequal. 
c. Elytra dark, without conspicuous markings. 
[S3— 23402] 



1312 



FAMILY LX1. — MORDELLID.E. 



d. Deep black, finely pubescent; base of thorax broadly rounded at 

middle. 0(f>0 

W. Dull black, pubescence brownish; base of thorax much less 
rounded. , , 

, -424. SCUTELLARIS. 

Elytra Wlth distinct yellow or ash-gray spots or markings. 

e. Elytra each with four spots of yellowish pubescence, the one at 

base broadly curved. 2425 . ctofdkctata 

ee. Elytra with stripes or with more than four spots. 

/. Antennae and front legs black ; thorax marked with ash-gray 
pubescence and large black spots. 
g. Elytra with small silver gray spots, usually more or less 
confluent. Aoa 

2426. MARGIXATA. 

ffff. Elytra with a narrow sutural line and an oblique stripe from 
humerus toward the middle, ash-gray. 2427. lunulas 
ft Antenna? and front legs dull yellow; thorax and elytra speckled 
with small, unequal yellowish spots; elytra with an inter- 
rupted band behind middle and the tips also yellowish pubes- 

-j- , '. . Cent 2428. serval. 

00. Last joint of maxillary palpi either broadly hatchet-shaped or with 
the sides equal. 
h. Head and thorax black. 

i. Thorax sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence, more densely 
at base ; elytra with a broad basal band, enclosing on each a 
round black spot, and an interrupted band behind the middle 
yellowish or ash-gray. 2429- 0CULATA> 

«. Thorax marked with ash-gray pubescence and large black spots. 
./. Elytra with a broad basal band, including on each side two 
spots, and two oblique undulated bands of yellowish or ash- 
gray pubescence. 2430 TRILOBA. 
././. Elytra with a broad basal band, including each side a very 
large black spot, a band just behind middle and the tips ash- 
gray. 

' L NDULATA. 

Mi. Head and thorax partly yellow: elytra with crossbands of black 
and yellow. | 01 

2431. DISCOIDEA. 

M. borealis Lee., length 3-4 mm., is said to occur in the " North- 
ern States." and has been recorded from Cincinnati.. 

2423 (7779). Mobdella mkl/ena Germ.. Insect Sp. 
Nov.. 1824, 169. 
Deep velvety black : pubescence at base of ely- 
tra and on sides of under surface often more or 
less iridescent; base of pygidium usually silvery 
pubescent. Length 5-7 mm. (Fig. 574.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. June 9- 

» Fig. 574. (After MiL 1 0CClirS eS P eciall y °U blossoms of 

wild rose. 




THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



2424 (7780). Mordella scltellaris Fab., Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 123. 
Dull black, clothed with brownish pubescence; scutellum somen mes 

ash-gray; sides of meso- and metasterna and front margins of ventral seg- 
ments more or less ash or silvery gray. Length 3-0 mm. 

Throughout the State ; common. June 2-September 23. Oc- 
curs in numbers on the flowers of Solidago and other Composite 
M.irrorata Lee. is a variety with single ash-gray hairs scattered 
over the elytra, and with the under surface dull black. 

2425 (7782). Mordella octoptjnctata Fab.. Syst. Blent, II, 1801, 123. 
Head grayish pubes- 
cent; thorax with a net- 
work of lines of grayish- 
yellow hairs; elytra as 
mentioned in key. the basal | 
curved spots each partially 
enclosing a round black - 
one. the subhumeral spot 
narrow and oblique; under 

surface spotted with ash- - - ^ h , p upa ; c , beetle outline «de of fe^e; d. 

gray pubescence. Length • of same; e, antenna; /, tarsal claw ot same. (After Kiley 

6-7 mm. (Fig. 575.) f . r , nv( . 

Southern half of State: frequent. June 2-August 1 Occurs 
especially on flowers of Jersey tea. The young are said to feed on 
the wood of very rotten oak stumps. 




2426 (7783 



Mordella mahgisata Welsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Set. II, 
1845. 312. 

Thorax with the margins, a narrow stripe each <**<«J«™>^ 
short one extending forward from base near hmd angles, si yerj or ash 
tZ EKt" with the spots varying much in size and disposmom 
surface varied with silver-gray and black. Length SM.5 mm. 

Throughout the State: common. June 1-August 2 Occurs es- 
peciallv on flowers of dogwood. Jersey tea. and wdd hydrangea. 
The markings on the thorax are distinct only when held m a certain 
light. 

2427 (7784). Mordella lltnuiata Helm.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Set. XVII. 
1S65. 06. 

Head and thorax sparsely clothed with yellowish-gray pubescence; the 
P.ttcr wKh an indistinct stripe extending forward from base on each ^de, 
^ densely pubescent ; under surface with sides and front margtus ot ven- 
tral segments with sparse ash-gray hairs. Length 4 mm. 

Orange County ■ rare. June 1. The single specimen agrees per- 
fectly with the descriptions of Hellmuth's type collected m Illinois, 
the elytra having the "narrow basal margin, humeral lunule and 
suture cinereous pubescent." In LeConte's obliqua, described from 



1314 



FAMILY LXI. MORDELLIM. 



Detroit., there is an oblique stripe from the humerus to beyond the 
middle. Smith regards the two species as identical. 

2428 (7785). Mordella serval Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 1835 191- 

ibid. II, 662. 

Piceous brown, mottled with yellowish as mentioned in key; elytra with 
a round black spot each side of scutellum, these bordered beneath with a 
yellowish spot much larger than the others ; under surface varied with ash- 
gray and black. Length 4-4.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 4. Beaten from flowers of linden. 
Say's type was from Indiana, probably Posey County. A prettily 
marked and easily recognized species. 

2429 (77S7). Moedella oculata Say. Bost. Journ: Nat. Hist, I, 1835, 190; 

ibid. II, 662. 

Antenna?, tibiae and tarsi dull red ; basal yellowish band of elytra ex- 
tending in a point almost to middle of each ; under surface varied with ash- 
gray pubescence, the hind margin of each ventral segment reddish. Max- 
illary palpi of male much larger than in female, and excavated at tip. 
Length 5-6.5 mm. 

Southern half of State; scarce. May 31-October 3. Occurs on 
the greater horseweed, Ambrosia trifida L. 

2430 (77S9). Mordella triloba Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 1824. 

276 ; ibid. II, 163. 

Body black. Thorax with a three-lobed black spot, margined with yel- 
lowish pubescence; elytra with three undulating bands of dirty yellowish 
pubescence, the basal one enclosing a humeral and scutellar black spot ; un- 
der surface rather thickly clothed with silvery gray hairs. Length 3-4 mm. 

Marion, Putnam and Posey counties ; scarce. May 24-July 14. 
Taken from flowers of mullein and wild hydrangea, 

M. undulata Mels., length 3 mm, is recorded from Pennsylvania 
and Ohio. 

2431 (7792). Mordella discoidea Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci II 

1843, 315, 

Black; antenna?, legs and top of head yellow; thorax yellow, with a 
large triangular black spot reaching from apex two-thirds to base; elytra 
black, marked with yellow as follows: an oblique stripe extending from 
humerus to a crossband before middle, a second band behind middle; apex, 
margin and suture behind the second band. Length 2-3 mm. (Fig 576 
No. 9.) 

Posey County; rare. June 11. A small and prettily marked 
form, whose general range is southern. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



1315 



V. Glipodes Lec. 1862. (Gr., < ' slippery + foot") 
Rather large fuscous species, covered with dense silky brown 
pubescence; scutellum rounded, triangular; hmd tibne carinate 
along the dorsal line and furnished with a long oblique ridge on 
outer surface, this connected with the dorsal ridge near tip ; first 
joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges. (Fig. 576, ^o. 10.) 
One of the two known species has been taken in the State. 

2432 (7793). Glipodes sericanS Melsh., Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, II, 
1845, 312. 

Dark reddish-brown, densely clothed with silky yellowish pubescence; 
elytra usually darker than head or thorax. Labial palpi with last joint 
emarginate. Maxillary palpi of male with under side clothed w M « 
brush of fine, soft hairs, the last joint bearing at base an outer jointed and 
forked appendage as long as the joint itself. Length 6-8 mm. 

Posey County; rare. June 14. Occurs in the "Middle and 
Southern States." 

VI. Mordellistena Costa. 1855. (L., " bite + narrow.") 
A large genus of small, linear or wedge-shaped forms, having 
the scutellum rounded, triangular; anal style long and slender; 
hind tibiae with a subapical short transverse ridge- and from one 
to five oblique ridges on the outer face; hind tarsi with from one to 
five oblique ridges on first joint and often one to three on second 
and third joints. The beetles are often brightly and prettily varie- 
gated and occur on flowers of various plants. 





Si 16, elytr'a of same; 17, hind tibia and tarsus of M. anda. (After Smth.) 

On account of its large size, the genus is separated primarily 
into six groups, based upon the number and arrangement of the 
tibial ridges. These are as follows : 



*This is not taken into account in the separation of the Groups below. 



1316 



FAMILY LXT. MORDELLIM. 



KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA MOKDELLISTENA. 

a. Hind tibiae and first joint of hind tarsi each with a single short, oblique 
ridge near tip. (Fig. 576, No. 15.) Group A. 

act. Hind tibiae with two or more oblique ridges on outer face. 
h. Hind tibiae with but two oblique ridges on outer face. 

c. Ridges of tibia- converging above. (Fig. 576, No. 17.) Group B. 
ce. Ridges of tibia? parallel. 

d. Ridges equal in length. (Fig. 577, a.) Group G\ 

dd. Ridges unequal, the upper one extending almost across the outer 
face of the tibia?. (Fig. 578, a.) Group J), 

hi). Hind tibia? with three or more short, oblique parallel ridges. 

e. Hind tibia? with but three ridges. (Fig. 579. b.) Group E. 

ee. Hind tibia? with four or more ridges. (Fig. 580, a.) Group F. 

Group A. 

This group is represented in the collection by two species. 

2433 (7795). Mordellistena bicinctella Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

XIV, 1862, 48. 

Body narrow, parallel. Black ; elytra with two yellow bands, first near 
base and interrupted by suture, second one fourth from tips ; hend, antenna* 
and legs, except hind femora, dull yellow ; thorax sometimes black, some- 
times brick red. Length 2-2,5 mm. (Fig. 576, No. 16.) 

Steuben and Marshall counties; scarce. June 11- July 6. 

2434 ( ). Mordellistena confusa sp. nov. 

Very slender, parallel. Black, sparsely clothed with brownish pubes- 
cence; elytra with an oblong, dull yellow humeral spot ; labrum, palpi, tarsi 
and abdominal process dull brownish-yellow. Length 2.5 mm. 

Martin County; rare. May 16. Resembles Uplagiata in color, 
but much more slender and with but one ridge on tibiae and first 
tarsal. 

Group B. 

This g TOl ip contains two uniform brownish -yellow species hav- 
ing the tibial ridges not parallel, but converging above. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B. 

a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge; ridges 
of tibia} short, less strongly marked. 2435. lutea. 

aa. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with one oblique ridge; 
ridges of tibiae long, very strongly marked. 2436. arida 

2435 (7797). Mordellistena lutea Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 

1845, 315. 

Slender, wedge-shaped. Uniform brownish-yellow ; elytra densely clothed 
with yellow pubescence. Length 2.8-3.2 mm. 

Marion, Orange and Posey counties ; scarce. June 1-June 9. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



1317 




2436 (7796). Mordellistena arida Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XIV. 
1862, 48. 

Larger and slightly darker than lutea. Ridges of tibia and tarsi Longer 
and stager than there, those of the first Joint of hind tars, much more 
oblique. Length 3.5-4 mm. 

Lake Porter and Tippecanoe counties; scarce. June 27-July 
21 The' specimens from Lake and Porter counties were taken from 
the flowers of the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia rafinesqim Engelm. 
Both LeConte and Smith state that 
arida has but two ridges on first joint, 
but all the specimens at hand have three. 
Dr. Smith pronounces them arida, stat- 
ing that "the difference in the ridges is 
within the range of variation. ' ' This is, 
of course true, but how about the keys, 
Avhich are based on an unvarying num- 
ber of ridges? 

GROUP C. Fig 577 0j Hind tibia and tarsus of 

+1 x-i- Ka.*rr two MordeUistemtrifascmta; b, elytron of same; 

In this group the tibiae bear two c> elytron of M , Kmbfl fe. (After Smth.) 
equal oblique parallel ridges on the ' , , 

outer face. (Fig. 577, a.) The following species have been taken 
or should occur in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C. 

a First joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges. 

h Second joint of hind tarsi with but one oblique ridge. 

, Elytra black with two transverse yellow bands, the front one part- 
X ^interrupted at suture by a prolongation of the black band at. 

a Body black; thorax black with basal margin and sides dull yel- 

U. DUUj uicxv. , TRIFASCIATA. 
low. , -, ,. , 

M . Body yellow ; thorax yeHow with a faint fuscous *ud ^ 

cc Elytra without transverse yellow bands. 
e Color above wholly or in great part pale. 

, TUorax with front angles and a large spot ou^rfev^ 
black. 

ff Thorax and elytra wholly pale clay yellow. 2440. vapida. 
ee. Color above wholly or in great part black or piceous. 
a Elytra with a reddish-yellow oval humeral spot. 

• /- 2441. BIPLAGTATA. 

an Elvtra without distinct humeral spot. 

' n Head, thorax and legs, except the hind femora, reddish-yel- 

DIMIDIATA. 

low. 



1318 



FAMILY LXI. MORDELLIDiE. 



m. Head, thorax and legs black or picedus; pubescence of ely- 
tra dark brown with light hair intermixed. intermixta. 
1)1). Second joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges. 

i. Body yellow : thorax with front half yellow with a median cloud 
basal half black. uecoeella. 
ii. Body black : thorax black with two small spots on apical margin 
reddish-yellow. bipustuiata. 
aa. First joint of hind tarsi with three oblique ridges. 
/. Second joint of hind tarsi with one oblique ridge, 
fc. Piceous clothed with brown silken pubescence; elytra paler. 

PICIPENNIS 

klc. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow. fulvicollis. 
jj. Second joint of hind tarsi with two oblique ridges. 

7. Elytra black with a reddish or orange-yellow humeral spot 
m. Head reddish-yellow. mieitaris. 

^ blaCk - SCAPUIAEIS. 

11. Elytra without distinct humeral spot. 

n. Body reddish-yellow; base of thorax black. 2442. oexata. 

nn, Body black. 

o. Head wholly or partly reddish ; thorax brick-red. usually with 
an oblong black spot near base. 2443. comata. 

oo. Head and thorax black; pubescence brownish-gray. 

2444. ASPEESA. 

2437 (779S). Mordellistena teifasciata Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

V, 1826, 243 ; ibid. II. 308. 
Body narrow, nearly parallel. Color given in key; head dull yellow; 
legs and abdomen tinged with same hue. Length 2.3-2.8 mm. (Fig. 577. &.) 
Putnam and Spencer counties ; scarce. May 24-July 25. 

2438 (7799). Mordellistena lepidlla Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

XIY. 1862, 48. 

Form of preceding. Color given in key ; elytra with three black and 
two yellow bands as in trifasdata; abdomen and hind tibia) and tarsi varied 
with black. Length 2-3 mm. 

Pulaski and Monroe counties ; rare. June 19-June 25. Taken 
from flowers of hercules club, Aralia spinosa L. 

2439 ( 7800). Mordellistexa limbalis Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

II, 1845, 315. 

Slender, wedge-shaped. Large spot on front of head, disk and front 
angles of thorax, suture and side margins of elytra blackish ; legs, meta- 
sternum and base of antennae yellow; mesosternum and abdomen blackish. 
Length 3 mm. ( Fig. 577, c.) 

Lake, Tippecanoe and Knox counties; scarce. June 4-July 5. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



1310 



2440 (7S0G). MordklustENA vapida Lec, Proc. PM1. Acad. Nat. Sci., XIV, 

1862, 40. 

Slender, feebly wedge-shaped. Pale day yellow, sparsely clothed with 
long yellow pubescence; elytra sometimes a little darker on apical third. 
Length 2-3.5 mm. 

Orange County; rare. May 28. Ranges eastward to New 5 ork. 

2441 (7803). Mordellistena biflagiata Helm., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

XVI, 1864, 105. 

Rather robust, wedge-shaped. Black, elytra with a reddish-yellow oval 
humeral spot; palpi, tibiae, tarsi, basal joints of antenna' and part oi abdo- 
men, reddish-brown. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State j frequent, May 3-October 23. Occurs in 
spring, especially on flowers of Crataegus; in autumn rarely on 

fungus. . 

M dimidiata Helm., length 2-3 mm., was described from Illi- 
nois; M. intermixta Helm., length 2.5 mm., is known from Illinois 
and New York; M. decorella Lee, 3 mm, M. bipustulata Helm, 2-3 
mm M. picipennis Smith, 4 mm, M. fidvicoUis Melsh, 2-3 mm 
and M miliiaris Lec, 2-3 mm. in length, have all been recorded 
from Cincinnati; bipustulata and fidvicoUis also from Illinois. M 
scapidaris Say, 4 mm. in length, is said to occur in the "Middle and 
Western- States." 

2442 (7813). Mordellistena ornata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

II, 1845. 315. 

Narrow, slightly wedge-shaped. Head and front half of thorax red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra each with a large triangular spot on basal halt, suture 
and narrow margin or line behind middle, yellow. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. May 21-July 13. 

2443 (7816). Mordellistena comata Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 

1858, 75. , ._ „ 

Linear, slightly wedge-shaped. Color given in key; front and middle 

legs partly dull yellow. Length 2.8-3.2 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. May 27- June 21. I he 
Indiana specimens are of the variety cervicalis Lee., and resemble 
tnarginalis Say very closely, differing only in having one less ridge 
on hind tibiae and first joint of tarsi. If these ridges and color of 
thorax are variable, as some authorities claim, several of the forms 
with black body and reddish head will have to be combined under 
Say's name. 

2444 (7817). Mordellistena asfersa Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 
1845 314. 

Narrow lender, 'slack : pubescence rather flense and evenly distributed, 
brownish-gray in hoe. Hind tibia, with a trace of a third ridge. Length 
2-3 mm. 



1320 



FAMILY LXI. — MORDELLIDJE. 



a. 





Throughout the State; 
common. May 5-August 2. 
"The legs vary from pale 
brownish-yellow to dull black, 
the pubescence from brown- 
ish-black to ash-gray, and the 
head from deep black to dull 
red." (Smith.) 



Fig. 578. a, Hind tibia and tarsus of M. grammka; b, elytron 
of M. infima; c, elytron of M. andrece; d, elytron of M. gram- 
mica. 



Gkoup D. 

In this group the hind 
tibiae bear two parallel ridges, the upper one much longer and ex- 
tending almost across the outer face of the tibia?. (Fig. 578, a.) 
The following species have been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana : 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP D. 

a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge. 

h. Elytra black with two yellow bands as in trlfasciata. amica. 
hh. Entirely black ; pubescence grayish. picilabbis. 
aa. First joint of hind tarsi with three or four, second with two oblique 
ridges. 

c. First joint of hind tarsi with only three oblique ridges. ( Fig. 578, a. ) 
d. Body yellow ; elytra yellow, with base, tips, suture and a large, ob- 
long marginal spot black. 2445. gram mica. 
dd. Elytra not as above. 

e. Elytra and entire body pale brownish-yellow. 244G. testacea. 
ce. Elytra in part or wholly black or piceous. 

/. Elytra pale reddish-brown with the suture and margin black: 
body black. 2447. vaeians. 

//. Elytra without distinct markings. 

g. Thorax wholly reddish-brown; elytra with reddish humeral 
spot- semiusta. 
00- Thorax black or piceous ; elytra without humeral spot. 

//. Head in part or wholly reddish ; front and middle legs 
pale reddish-yellow. 
i. Elytra with sage-green pubescence; front of head only 
reddish yellow. delicatula. 
U. Elytra with brownish-yellow pubescence; head wholly 
reddish-brown. buficeps. 
hh. Body and legs entirely black. 2448. nigbicans. 

ce. First joint of hind tarsi with four oblique ridges (Fig. 579, a) ; pic- 
eous, clothed with fine silvery pubescence. splendens. 

M. arnica Lec., 2.5 mm., and M. pieilabris Helm., 2 mm. in length, 
have been recorded from Cincinnati; the latter also from Illinois. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



2445 (7826). Mordellistena grammica Lee, Proc, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sd. ( 
XIV, 1862, 50. 

Elongate, subparallel. Head, thorax and body yellow; elytra as^inen- 
tioned in key; abdomen often blackish. Length 2.5-2.8 nun. (Fig. 578, cl.) 

Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. June 12-July 
8 -Occurs especially on flowers of wild hydrangea. This includes 
the ustulata of LeConte, which differs only by being a little darker 
yellow and having the marginal dark lines of elytra very narrow. 

044(3 ( ). Mordellistena testacea sp. nov. 

Slender, parallel. Uniform dull brownish-yellow; pubescence rather 
close, paler yellow. Length 2.3 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. July 25. Taken from flowers of Soli- 

dago. 



.2447 (7828) 



Mordellistena varians Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
XIV, 1862, 50. 

Form of grammica. Thorax black at base; front legs yellow; hind 
tibiae and tarsi dull yellow, the joints black. Length 2.5-3 mm. 

Marshall and Lawrence counties; scarce. June 4-June 13. In 
one specimen the metasternum is yellow and the thoracic dark spot 
small thus forming a connecting link between this and grammica. 

M semiusta Lee, 2-3 mm. and M. delicatula Duty, 3.3 mm. in 
length, have been recorded from Cincinnati. M. ruficeps Lec 3 
mm. in length, is said to occur in the Middle and Southern States. 

2448 (7833). Mordellistena nigricans Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1845, 313. 

Linear. Blacldsb-pieeous ; eiytra sparry clothed vyitb 
pubescence; labrnm, palpi and four basal joints ot antenna, dull teddtsb- 
brown. Length 2 mm. 

Owen, Monroe and Perry counties; 
scarce. May 16-June 19. Beaten from 
flowers of Cornus. 

M. splcndcns Smith, very slender, 
length 6 mm., is known from Illinois, 
Ohio and Florida. 

Group E. 

In this group the hind tibia- each bear 
three short, equal, parallel ridges in ad- 
dition to the subapical one. (Fig. Fig 579 o> Hind tibia and tar 
<V7Q 7) ^ The following have been taken s P iendens;b same of m pMa ; 

D(y,U.) iUUU " & of M. yustulato. (After Smith.) 

or probably occur in the State : 




m c 



sus of M 
c, elvtron 



1322 



FAMILY LXT. — MORDELLID^E. 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GEO UP E. 

(/. First joint of bind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge : elytra 
brownish-yellow, with six dark brown spots, the apical one trans- 

VerSe - SEXXOTATA. 

aa. First joint of hind tarsi with three or more oblique ridges. 
b. First joint with only three ridges. ( Fig. 579. &.) 

c. Second tarsal joint with one ridge; thorax black, elytra reddish- 

blwn - 2449. smithii. 

cc. Second tarsal joint with two ridges. (Fig. 579, l>.) 
d. Third hind tarsal joint without ridges. 
e. Body black. 

/. Elytra with numerous spots of silvery pubescence. (Fig. 

C ') 2450. PUSTULATA. 

//. Pubescence of elytra not in distinct spots. 

g. Elytra with lines of brownish-gray pubescence, confluent 
behind. 2451. coxyicta. 

gg. Elytra with grayish-yellow pubescence, distributed uneven- 
ly over the surface. 2452. mobela. 
ec. Body fuscous or dark reddish-brown ; pubescence silky brown. 

2453. AMBUSTA. 

dd. Third tarsal joint with two oblique ridges: reddish-brown, ely- 
tra black ; pubescence fine and dark. sixgelaris. 
hl>. First hind tarsal joint with four ridges. 
//. Second hind tarsal joint with two ridges. 

L Upper surface wholly piceous, covered with brown, silky pubes- 
eeuce - > 2454. uxicolob. 

ii. Head and thorax in part or wholly reddish-yellow. 

./'. Pubescence fine and dark ; head and front legs in part black. 

2455. MAEGIXALIS. 

./'./'. Pubescence dense, brownish-yellow ; head and front legs whol- 
ly yellow. 2456. divisa. 
hli. Second hind tarsal joint with three ridges; color wholly black. 

-EQUALIS. 

M. sexnotata Durv. length 3 mm., was described from Cincinnati. 

2449 ( ). Mordeleistexa smithii Dnry, Joum. Cinn. Soc. Xat. Hist.. 

XX. 1902. 177. 

Subparallel. Piceons black ; elytra dark reddish-brown, the region of 
the humeri somewhat paler; front and middle legs dull brownish-yellow; 
pubescence coarse, yellowish. Length 3.5 mm. 

Putnam and Crawford counties; rare. June 28— July 4. De- 
scribed from Cincinnati. In one specimen the hind angles of thorax 
and the hind legs are of the same hue as the elytra. 

2450 (7839). Moedellistexa pestelata Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., 

II. 1845. 314. 

Linear. Black: elytra spotted as mentioned in key. the spots often ar- 
ranged in oblique bands. Length 2-3 mm. (Fig. 579. c.) 

Throughout the State ; common. May 13-July 14. 



1 ^9°» 

THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. J-'^' J 

2451 (7840). Mordellistena convicta Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. ScL, 
XIV, 1862, 50. 

Linear. Black; pubescence of elytra arranged in distind narrow Lines. 
Length 3 mm. 

Marion and Perry counties; scarce. May 20-May 30. 

24.52 ( 7843). Mordellistena morula Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sc... 
XIV, 1862, 50. 

Resembles pustulata in form and size, but the pubescence is yellowish 
and is scattered unevenly over the surface. Length 2-3 mm. 

Lake County; rare. May 29- June 12. A member of the Alle- 
o'hanian fauna. 

2453 (7844). Mokdell.stena ambusta Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Set., 
XIV, 1S62, 50. 

Nearly linear. Dark reddish-brown, the head and thorax often slightly 
darker. Ridges of hind libi.-e longer and more oblique than usual. Length 
3-3.7 mm. 

Vigo Knox and Crawford counties; scarce. June 2-July 4 
U. dngulmis Smith, length 5 mm., is known from Georgia and 
near Cincinnati. 

2454 ( 7846). Moroei.i.istena l.v.oolo., Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Set, 
' XIV, 1862, 50. 

Slightly wedge-shaped. Uniform dark reddish-brown, thickly clothed 
with brownish-yellow pubescence. Length 3.4 mm. 

Marion and Putnam counties; rare. June 7-June 28 Differs 
from ambusta only by the additional ridge on first joint of hind 
tarsi. 

2455 (7847). Mordellistena margin alts Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 
Ill 1824. 278 ; ibid. II, 165. 
Rather robust; wedge-shaped. B,ack; head a „d tUovax .«^ 
tbe former usually with a black spot; the latter either w>th base eit.ielj 
btk or with a Jmdrate oblong spot extending from middle to scutellum, 
and another on each hind angle. Length 3-4 mm. 

Throughout the State, common; much more so in the northern 
counties. May 29-Septemher 25. Taken by sweeping. M. comata 
resembles this species closely and is apt to be contused with it. 

: 2456 ( . ). Mordellistena otVLSA Lee. Col. of Kan. and E. N. Mex.. 

1860. 17. 

Slightly wedge-shaped. Head, front and middle legs and front half of 



1324 



FAMILY LXI. — MORDELLID/E. 



thorax bright yellow ; elytra densely clothed with yellow pubescence. Length 
2.5-3 mm. 





Fig. 580. o, Hind tibia and tarsus of M. scalaris; 
b, elytron of same: c, elytron of M. pubescens; d, ely- 
tron of M. bihumata. (After Smith.) 



Lake County; rare. 
September 22. Although 
Smith places divisa as a 
synonym of marginalis,yet 
the specimen at hand is 
very distinct by the much 
brighter yellow of head 
^ and legs and the character 
of the pubescence. 

M. cequalis Smith, 
length 5 mm., was de- 
scribed from northern 
Illinois. 



Group F. 



In this group the hind tibia- are marked with four to six short, 
oblique ridges. (Pig. 580, a.) The following species have been 
taken or perhaps occur in the State: 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP F. 

a. Hind tibiae with only, four ridges besides the subapical one. 

b. Fourth ridge very small or rudimentary; first joint of hind tarsi with 
three, second with two oblique ridges. 
c. Body black. 

(I Elytra with an undulated band before the middle and a large 
oblong spot near tip, fuscous. (Fig. 5S0, 6.) scalaris. 
del. Elytral markings of silken yellow, not fuscous, pubescence. 

e. Elytra with a curved band from humerus to suture, a cross- 
band behind middle and another at tip of silken yellow pu- 
bescence. (Fig. 580, c.) 2457. pubescens. 
ee. Elytra with two oblique bands connected by a line near mar- 
gin, and also the apex yellowish pubescent. 

2458. BIHAMATA. 

co. Body uniform brownish-yellow ; elytra with two very oblique bands 
of silken yellow pubescence. 2459. liturata. 

lJh. Fourth ridge of hind tibiw distinct. 

f. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges ; 
elytra fuscous, clothed with short, yellow pubescence. 

2460. FUSCATA. 

ff. First joint of hind tarsi with five ridges ; second joint with three 
ridges, third with none. 
h. Color reddish-brown. 2464. hoosieri. 



THE TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES. 



1325 



hh. Color black; suture of elytra very narrowly gray 



2462. SUTUBELIA. 



,„. Hind tibia with five or six very small oblique ridges; black, elytra with 
a long balal spot, an undulated band bebind the middle, suture and 

a luii-, Lftiotn i DISCOLOR. 

tips of yellow silken pubescence. 
M. scalaris Helm., length 4 mm., was described from Illinois. 

o457 (7851). M ordelli ste n a pubescens Fabr.. Syst. Eleut., II. 1801, 123. 

Rather robust. Black, pubescence brownish; thorax wholly black or 
redely How with a black discal spot; elytra with a humera I luuule an 
two bands of yellow pubescence as mentioned in key. Length 2.5-3 nun. 
(Fig. 5S0, c.) 

Southern third of State; frequent. June 4-July 13. Swept 
from herbage. 

2458 (7852). Morbellistena bihamata Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
II, 1844, 313. 

Differs from puUscens by the somewhat more slender form and by hav- 
ing tWytra daier, with the yellowish P^^^ £T£ 
by a broad line of similar pubescence. Length 2.5 .,.«> mm. t „ 

Southern half of State; frequent. May 24-July 29 One of our 
most handsome species. The spots which are enclosed by ^ he hands 
of yellowish pubescence vary much in size and shape. The thorax 
in hue as in pubescens, and a large series will doubtes show 
the two are the same, and are connected by the kebra^a of 
LeCoute which Smith has placed as a synonym of pubescens. 
,459 (7858). Mobdeeeistena eiteeata Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1845, 314. 

yellow pubescence. Length 2-3 mm. 

Knox and Posey counties ; rare. June 4-July 6. 
2460 (7854). Mobdeeeistena fescata Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 
II, 1S45. 313. 

Rather robust wedge-shaped. Very dark reddish-brown or fuscous: 
tv JtTjZ^ and basal half of antenna, dull reddish brown. Length 
4-5 mm. 

Crawford County; rare. June 28. 

2461 (_— ) MORDELLISTENA HOOSIERI sp. UOV. 

" More slender and paler reddish-brown than futcata. the pubescence 
4.5 mm. 



1326 



FAMILY LXII. ANTHICID M. 



Kosciusko County; rare. June 19. Described from two speci- 
mens taken by sweeping low herbage in dense woods. 

2462 (7861). Mordellistena sutukella Helm., Proc. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 
XVI, 1864, 105. 

Robust, wedge-shaped. Dense uniform black, except the suture, which 
is very narrowly gray. Length 4.3-5 mm. 

Tippecanoe County; frequent. June 21-June 25 Taken by 
Wolcott. 

M. discolor Melsh, length 3.5-4 mm., occurs in the "Middle and 
Southern States," and has been recorded from Cincinnati. 

Family LXII. ANTHICID M. 
The Ant-like Flower Beetles. 
Medium or usually small-sized beetles varying much in form but 
agreeing in having the head drooping and strongly constricted be- 
hind the eyes into an abrupt slender neck; thorax narrower than 
elytra; hind cox* not prominent; tarsal claws almost always simple 
Some of them bear a striking resemblance to ants, and others are 
remarkable for a prominent horn on the front of the thorax They 
occur for the most part on flowers, though some live in rotten wood 
and others m burrows in sandy places near water. None of them 
are known to be in any way injurious. The name Anthicidae is 
from that of the typical genus Anthicus, meaning variegated or 
"like a flower." 8 

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Anthicidae have the 
antennae nearly filiform, rather long, 11-jointed, inserted before the 
eyes at the sides of the front ; elytra rounded behind, covering the 
abdomen, which has Ave, rarely four or six, free ventral segments- 
front coxae conical, prominent, contiguous, the cavities confluent 
and (except in Dilandius) open behind; middle coxas with dis- 
tinct trochantins; hind ones transverse, nearly contiguous except in 
the tribe AntUcini; tarsi with the next to last joint usually emar-i- 
nate. 

About 1,150 species of Anthicida? are known, 265 of which are 
listed from North America, Casey having described 138 of them in 
a single paper. The following is the principal literature treating of 
these North American forms : 

LeConte.— '^Synopsis of the Anthicites of the United States, " ^ 
Proc, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1852, 91-104. 



THE ANT, I. IKE FLOWER BEETLES. 



1327 



LeConte.-" Synopses of the Genera Eurygenms, Sh r< «/«»'/>»*> 
Maeratria, Gorphyru and XylophUus," tn Proc. 1 hil. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., VII, 1855, 270-276. 

ff0 ™ _" Synopsis of the Species of the Corphyra of the U. b., 
™; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, 1871, 278-283; V, 1874, 40- 

• 43: X, 1883, 305-310. 

LeConU-" Table of the Species of Xylophihts," m Trans. 

Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, 1878, 425-426. 
Horn.-" Synopsis of the U. S. Species of ;N oto^s and Jf»- 

i» Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884 165-176. 
Oosey— " Synopsis of the Anthicida; of the U. S, m Ann. in. 

Y Acad. Sei, VIII, 1895, 624-809. 
The family is subdivided by Casey into six tribes, five of which 
are represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF ANTHICIDjE. 

„ Abdomen composed of five free ^^^ti^m^lZZZ 
„„,.„,, with the next to last joint lobed beneath, tibial spms gen 

erally distinct; labial palpi minute. 
„. Neclfwlde; eyes large, finely faceted and generally emargmate, s,,e 

c Tarsal dawsTmple or slightly dilated at base; thorax constricted 
( ' X£liisa Tribe I. Eurygeniini. p. 132.. 

near apex; iLiU . , Kgap 

cc Tarsal claws with a broad basal tooth on the inner side at base. 

i t ap cal part abruptly bent; thorax not constricted near apex. 

1X * ai 1 Tribe II. Pedilini, p. 1329. 

(vmnrffinatp • thorax constricted at apex; 
hb. Neck narrow; eyes not emargmate, mom* 

smaller, less than 5 mm. 
d Eve s large oval, rather finely granulate; basal segment ot abdo- 

*S ehmgate; hind cox, ~^Z£S$£ 
a , — . generatly coarsely gradated ; ha^egment 

«< not elongated; hind — a t -tant^tsal 

claws simi'lo. „, tlle flrS t or basal one formed 

^TZT^^Xhe suture sometimes evident; tarsi 
with the second joint from >ast lobed beneath ; tibial spurs ^ obsolete, 
abial palpi with the last Joint large and more or less dilated 

1 Tribe V. Xtlophilisi. p. Id4a. 

Tribe I. EURYGENIINI. 
Elongate beetles, clothed with gray pubescence and having the 
mandibles broadly truncate at tip; maxillary palpi dilated: next to 
last joint of all the tarsi bilobed. Representatives of two ot the ft, < 
genera occur in the State. 
[84—23402] 



1328 FAMILY LXII. — ANTHTCIM. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EURYGENIINI. 

a. Last joint of maxillary palpi broad, hatchet-shaped ; eyes narrowly and 
distinctly emarginate on lower side. t Retocomus 

aa. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, prnning-knife shaped; eyes very 
slightly emarginate. n STER ; oPALpus y 

I. Retocomus Casey. 1895. 

This genus comprises most of the species formerly classed under 
Eurygemus Laf.. which Casey states is confined to Brazil. But one 
of the five recognized species occurs in the State. 

2463 (7869). Retocomus wildii Lee Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci VII 1855 
270. ' ' • ' 

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, head and thorax densely clothed with 
brownish-gray hairs; elytra each with five narrow rows of similar pubes- 
cence, these alternating with narrow black stripes bearing small isolated 
patches of gray hairs; under surface and legs brownish, densely clothed 
with gray hairs. Thorax subcordate. about as wide as long; disk densely 
and coarsely punctate and with a deep median impressed line. Elytra one- 
half wider than thorax, densely and coarsely punctate. Length 10-12 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State ; scarce. May 10-June 17. Beaten 
from flowers, especially those of the false indigo (Amorpha fruti- 
cosa L.) and osage orange. 

II. Stereopalpus Laf . 1849. (Gr., " solid + palpus..") 
Casey recognizes 11 species of this genus, seven of which he de- 
scribes as new. Two well-known species occur in the State and rufi- 
pes, one of Casey's new ones, was described from Indiana. I have 
not seen specimens of it, but give his distinctions between it and 
the others as follows : 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STEREOPALPUS. 

o. Elytra! pubescence uniform in distribution and in general tint- head 
equal in width to thorax. 

& Upper surface uniform grayish-fuscous in hue. the elytra often slight- 
ly paler. 0/t0A b 
77 . . _ . 2464. MELLYI. 
hp. Elytra light yellowish-brown, always distinctly paler than thorax. 

, , 2465. VESTITUS. 

aa. Elytral pubescence not uniform in distribution and hue, they bein- 
closely and finely mottled with small irregular clusters of slio-htly 
greater density; legs dull reddish-yellow. rufipes. 

2464 (7873). Stereopalpus mellyi Laf., Mon. des Anthie. 1848. 5. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Fuscous, thickly clothed with gray- 
ish pubescence; legs often varying to reddish-brown. Thorax bell-shaped. 



1 *19A 

THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 

about as wide as long, widest in front of middle; surface dense^ and rather 
coars^ Punctate and usually with a distinct median impressed hue. Ely- 
tra densely and coarsely punctate. Length 7-8 mm 

Northern third of State; frequent on alder and other shrubs 
about the borders of lakes. June 24 -August 27. 

2465 (7874). StpW™ vestitus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set., Ill, 
1824, 273 ; ibid. II. 161. 
Broader and more robust than mellyi. Head, thorax and under sur- 
face tu~ elytra and legs pale brown, the latter often tmged with fus- 
coas Zrax with median line usually obsolete or visible only on basa, 
balf Otherwise as in mellyi. Length 8-10 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the northern counties; much 
less so southward. June 12-August 6. Occurs ^otuS 
on foliage near water. Listed as hadnpenms Lec^ It » my op nion 
that mdlyi will be found to be only a narrower, darker form of this 
1" those examples of mellyi with slightly paler elytra forming 
the intergrades. Say's name is the older of the two. 

Tribe II. PEDILINI. 
Very neat, oblong or elongate black (rarely brown) beetles hav- 
ing ^thorax usually yellow, subglobose and polished; mandiWes 
truncate; antenna, (in our species) ^™^ S ^™^ 
i«rv nalni feeblv dilated; next to last joint of tarsi bilobed lhe 
^hSe distinct ventral segments and often have the tips of 
elytra impressed and polished, 

"The tribe is represented by the single genus Corp* g , fl£ 
Casey ha, substituted for this the old name Peddus, but Horn has 
grven (Trans. Ill, 278) good reasons why Say's name should stand, 
so it is here retained. 

III. Corphyra Say. 1835. 
Horn in his latest paper on Corphyra (loc cit.) lists 20 species 
as belonging to the North American fauna. Dury has shown that 
rnumbe'r of these are very closely related arid probab y ^nonyn> 
ous The thorax in all species is elliptical with all the angles 
"nded in the wholly black species it is somewhat wider and ess 
convex than in the others. Eight of the 20 forms have been taken 
in the State, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE CORPHYRA. 

, Thorax with a distinct impressed median line: eiytra of males « 
tipped with yellow, not impressed. 

*Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 177, 



1330 



FAMILY LXII. — ANTHICID 2&. 



aa, Thorax without median line ; elytra of males more or less distinctly im- 
pressed at tips. 
1). Head and elytra wholly or in great part black. 
c. Elytral tips of male yellow. 
d. Last two ventral segments of male yellow ; legs yellow. 

2467. ELEGANS. 

dd. Abdomen wholly black in both sexes. 

e. Thorax entirely red ; legs black ; elytra sparsely punctured. 

2468. TERMINALIS. 

ee. Thorax in part or wholly black. 

/. Legs black. newmani. 
//. Legs pale. 2469 FULVIPEg 

cc. Elytral tips of male black. 

g. Legs yellow ; thorax black at middle, its sides reddish-yellow. 

2470a. var. pulchra. 

gg. Legs entirely black. 

h. Clypeus pale yellow ; thorax as in pulchra, 2470. labiata. 
hh. Clypeus black; elytra with pruinose surface. 

i. Thorax black ; elytra rather densely punctured. 

2471. LUGUBRIS. 

U. Thorax reddish ; elytra coarsely and sparsely punctured. 

2472. COLLARIS. 

bJ). Head, elytra and legs uniform brown. 2473. brunnea. 

2466 (7885). Corphyra canaliculata Lee, New Sp. N. Am Col I 1866 

143. . ' ' 

Black, feebly shining.; thorax subopaque, reddish-yellow; two basal 
joints of antennae and palpi paler. Elytra rather coarsely and roughlv not 
densely, punctured. Length 5-6 mm. 

Marion County ; rare. May 2. Beaten from flowers of Cra- 
txgus. The female is said by Dury, who has collected them near 
Cincinnati, to be much more common than the male and to vary 
much in color, the thorax sometimes being black and the legs pale, 

2467 (7886). Corphyra elegans Hentz., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 1830, 257. 
Elytra piceous black with a bluish tinge, shining. Thorax, legs, tw. 

basal joints of antennae and palpi usually reddish-yellow. Elytra rather 
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 7-8 mm. 

Wells and Marion counties; rare. May 19- June 5. The thorax 
in the single male at hand is black, with the apical angles reddish- 
yellow. 

2468 (7887). Corphyra terminalis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci V 

1826, 247 ; ibid. II, 311. 

Black, shining ; thorax red. Elytra coarsely, deeply and sparsely punc- 
tured. Length 5-7 mm. 

Marion and Jackson counties ; scarce, April 25^May 20. 



^o 



THE ANT -LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 



1331 



oAfto (7*M) Corphyra fulvipes Newm., Ent. Mag., V, 1838, 375. 

2469 ^"«; thorax Mac* (female) or ^^^^ 
(male). Elytra coarsely and rather densely punctured. Length** 

Knox and Posey counties; 
scarce. ' May 20- June 10. 

0. newmani Lee, length 6.5 
mm.', is recorded from Maine, Can- 
ada and New York. It is probably 
only a variety of fulvipes. 

2470 (7893). Corphyra labiata Say, 

Jo urn. Phil. Acad. 

Nat. Sci., V, 1826, 247; 

ibid. IT, 311. 
Piceous black, feebly shining ; pal- 
pi clypeus, labriim and two basal joints 
of antenna- pale yellow; thorax red- 
dish-yellow, with a broad median black 
space. Elytra densely and rather finely 
punctured. Length 6-7.5 mm. (Fig. 
5S1.) 

Southern half of State; fre- 
quent. May 16-June 13. Occurs 
on the greater horseweed, cup- plant, etc 




Fig. 581. (Original.) 



2470a (7892). Corphyra labiata polchra Lee 3mm. Phil. Acad. Nat. 
Sci.. I, 1848, 83. 

A variety of WHato, differing only in having the legs yellow. Length 
7-8 mm. 

Lake and Posey counties; scarce. May 28- August 1. 
•471 (7894). Corphyra lugudkis Say, Jour., Phil. Acad. Nat. Set. V. 1820. 
*>46- ibid. II, 310. 

Color whol.y black except the labrun, two basa. Joints of antenns and 
tarsi, which are reddish-brown. Length 6-8 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; frequent. April 25-August 1, 
Beaten from foliage of buckeye and red haw. 

2472 (7895). Corphyra collaris Say. Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1827. 
246- ibid. II, 311. 

Black; thorax" red. Elytra with coarse, deep, sparsely Placed ptmc- 
Hires, Length 5-5.5 mm. 

y ig o and Lawrence counties; scarce. May 6-July 10. Occurs 
especially on leaves of May-apple. 
,ro / ^ Corphyra brunnea sp. nov. 

2443 ( " ~ } ' t two basal ioints of antenna brownish-yellow: other- 
„4se™v:: It;;: shied,, Xhoras more transverse 



1332 



FAMILY LX1I— AXTHICID.E. 



and shorter than in terminal,*. Elytra finely and very sparselv punctured 
Males with elytral impression smaller, more oval and more distant from 
apex than in any of the other species. Length 4-5.5 mm. 

Vigo and Lawrence counties ; scarce. May 6-Julv 10 Occurs 
especially on leaves of Mar-apple. Podophyllum peltatum L Not 
an immature form, as at first supposed, the sparsely punctured ely- 
tra with wholly different impressions in males showing its specific 
rank. 

Tribe III. MAGRATRIINI. 
This tribe is also composed of a single genus of narrow brown 
or black pubescent species, having the head deflexed, constricted far 
behind the eyes into a very slender neck; maxillary palpi com- 
pressed and dilated, the last joint large and hatchet-shaped; last 
three joints of antennae much longer than the others; first joint of 
hmd tarsi very long; males with a sixth abdominal segment visible. 

IV. Macratbia Newm. 1838. (Gr., " long + three. ") 
Two of the four known species occur in Indiana, 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MACRATBIA. 

a. Pubescence of upper surface very line and dense; head rather finely 
and densely punctate. 2474 mxtbina 

aa. Pnbescence rather coarse and sparse: head very minutely and sparselv 
punctured. ,__ 

-4 < o. COXFUSA. 

2474 (7915). Macbatbia mubina Fab.. Syst Eleut.. II. 1801, 91. 

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dark olive gray, densely clothed with 
hue. silken, yellowish hairs: antennae and legs dull yellow, the femora often 
Piceous. Head subtruncate behind the eyes : antennae with second and third 
joints nearly equal. 11th almost as long as 9th and 10th united Thorax 
but slightly wider than head, one-half longer than wide, base strongly mar- 
gined, angles all rounded, disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra with 
rows ot fine, close-set punctures which are almost hidden by the dense pu- 
bescence. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marion, Floyd and Posey counties; scarce. June 23-July 9 
Occurs on willow bushes and the foliage of water-willow along 
streams. 

2475 ( 7914). Macbatbia conftjsa Lee. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat Sci YII 
1855, 272. 

More slender and darker than murina. Head more rounded behind the 
eyes. Thorax more slender, not wider than head, less narrowed in front 
Elytral rows of punctures shallow, indistinct. Length 4-4.5 mm 



THE ANT-LTKE FLOWER BEETLES. 1333 

Lawrence County; rare. June 5. The le,s, in the single sperb 
men t hand, are pale, whereas LeConte s,vs that they « V™ , 
with the base of front thighs rufous. A member ot the Austron 
parian fauna. 

Tribe IV. ANTHICTNI. 

To this tribe belong by far the greater number of Species of the 
family They have the neck very small; mandxbles emargmate at 
■Middle Le nearly contiguous; ventral segments five * both 
les Casey has divided the tribe into 16 genera, representees 
of ten of which have been taken in Indiana : 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANTB1CINI. 

„. Thorax prolonged near apex into a horn-like process. NOTQXrs. 

6. Hind tarsi not longer than the tito Mecvnotarses. 
hi, Hind tarsi much longer than the tib.se, 

««■ Thorax not prolonged over the head eoxal , lvi . 
,. very small and slender ant-1 he to ms. h. ann 

ties closed behind by a prolongation of the a cute . 1 
presternum; head oblong, the eyes very small, placed .nftont^ 

eo. l£S*e in appearance; the front ooxal cavities widely open be- 

a . smes of mesosternum more or less abnormally dilated ; length not 

o T horax m d"plv constricted or narrowed behind the middle 
. JSTfl^ nioniliform or bead-lihe ; constriction of thorax 

exiling across the dorsal surface. VIII. ToMonEBt . 
ff. Antenn" long and slender; constriction of thorax not extend- 
ins across the dorsal surface. 

tion fine and dense without seta?. • . 

front ones strongly so. 
the rront uu _ v1qW1 hnt ^traisht and slightly oblique. 

^XTX^ir^ZL^ and the oox,; 

, r" 3* convex; head —rate or rounded 

, "x moderately large. oblUpie at the s.d^r^;^- 
bescenoe simple. 



1334 



FAMILY LXII. — ANTTITCiDyE. 



u. Thorax relatively small, not quite as long as wide, sinuate at 
the sides near base; antennae with an abrupt though feeble 
three-jointed club ; pubescence consisting of two sets of hairs. 

7,7, rru , XIII. SAPINTUS. 

m. Thorax abruptly sloping nnd flattened in £ ^ 

triangular; body stout and convex. XIV. Ambltdeeus 

V Notoxus Geoff. 1762. (Gr., "back + sharp.") 
The members of this genus are easily distinguished bv the tho- 
racic horn which extends in a sort of hood over the head and by the 
short tarsi with the next to last joint slightly dilated. Five of the 
32 species recognized by Casey have been taken in the State, while 
another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NOTOXUS. 

a. Elytra uniform purplish black. 9J ~ P 
aa. Elytra more or less variegated in hue. BIC ° L ° R ' 
1). Elytra black or piceous, with pale markings 

c Elytra each with two large oblique spots of pale tint; elvtral tips 
truncate in female. ' ^ 1 " 

AA TTii +. , 4&it. TALPA. 

m I*3 C ™ * tw ° crossbars, one before, tbe other behind 
the noddle, these interrupted at suture; elytra] tips rounded in 
both sexes. 0/ir - 

7l7 , ™ , . . ^4<8. BIFASCIATUS. 

Pytra pale, with a single black crossbar behind middle, which is 
more or less produced forward along the suture; usually also with 
other dark markings. 

d. Dark crossbar of elytra placed at apical fourth and continued alon- 
the^ suture to the base; also usually an elongate dark spot each 

/7/7 -p. i , . 2479. ANCHOBA. 

44. Dark crossbar just behind middle, continued along suture but a 
short distance. 

e. Thoracic horn broader, always distinctly but finely toothed on 
sides; elytra each with an irregular subapical dark spot and 
rni Wlth two smal] s l >ots neat scutellum. 2480. monodon 

ee. Thoracic horn narrower and more elongate, never toothed - ely- 
tral tips dark in color, the sides behind basal third also dark. 

APICALIS. 

2476 (7916). Notoxus bicoloe Say, Amer. Ent.. I, 1824, 21; ibid. I, 21. 

Head and apical half of antennas fus- 
cous; thorax, legs and under surface red- 
dish-yellow ; elytra purplish-black, clothed 
with a fine, prostrate, silken, gray pubes- 
cence. Thorax oval, slightly broader than 

Fig 583 X9. .(-After Say) l0Ug 5 ll0ni r£lther br °*ld, obtuse at tip, its 

n „i fl ! sides co arsely toothed; its crest maro-ined 

and finely serrate. Elytra with tips rounded and alike in the sexes sm 
tace finely, not densely punctured. Length 3.5 mm. (Fig. 582 ) 





1 ^Wl 

THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 

Southern two-thirds of State, frequent; not noted m the north- 
ern counties. Mareh 25-November 28. Probably hibernates be- 
reaves and rubbish, where it is taken by 

fall; most abundant in May and June on flowers and foliage ot 
various plants. 

2477 <7918). Notoxtjs talpa Laf., Mon. Antbic, 1848, 50. 

Thorax, antennas and legs dull reddish- ^ 
brown; head, under surface and elytra pic- 
eous, the latter each with a large, oblique 
pinkish spot extending from humerus to mid- 
dle of suture and another more narrow on 
apical third. Thorax oval, distinctly wider 
than long; horn rather widely margined and 
serrate, its crest abruptly and strongly ele- 
vated, distinctly margined and slightly crenu- 
late Elytra with tips rounded and disk 
obliquely impressed behind humeri in male; 
tips truncate and disk scarcely impressed in 
female; surface finely but not densely punc- 
tate. Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 583.) 

Northern third of State ; frequent on ^ ^ m ^ ) 

foliaee of hazel and oak along the bor- 

ders of lakes and marshes. June 18-July 27. The pale spots o 
elytra vary much in size, sometimes exceeding the dark markmg m 
area but usually much less. It forms almost a connects hnk he- 
tween monbdon and bifasciatus. 

2478 (7919). Notoxus bifasciatus Lee. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, I. 

V n ,„„„ n11 ri i e <r S usually reddish-brown ; ely- 
Piceous, shining; antennae, thoiax and legs usua s 
tra with pale bars as mentioned in hey; pubescence flu e a nd spa 
rax globie. slightly wider than long; ^"^jJ^JS not 
mai-ined, sides feebly serrate, its crest abruptly elevated ana m g , 
S. Elytra finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length o-3.S mnr 

Northern half of State, frequent; not taken south of 
ro^tv June 9-July 15. Occurs especially on flowers of Comus 
and wM K! Besembles Ul V <, but the pale bars of elytra are 
transverse, narrow and vary little m size. 

nl TTmity Tourn Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V. 
2479 (7925). Notoxus anchora Hentz., Joum. 

face rather densely and finely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm. 




1336 FAMILY LXII.— ANTHIC1M. 

Northern third of State; scarce. June 13-July 23 Occurs in 
company with talpa on foliage about water. The black markin-s of 
elytra vary much in area, some specimens being almost wholly pice- 
ous, while in some the oblong black mark on sides is lacking. 
*24S0 (7923). Notoxus monodon Fab., Syst. Eleut., I, 1801, 289. 

Rather elongate and slender. Dull 
brownish-yellow; elytra with a crossbar 
behind middle, two basal spots and often 
a subhumeral and subapical spot on each, 
piceous; head and thorax on sides often 
piceous. Thorax oval, slightly wider than 
Fig. 584. x 9. (After Say.) long ' s P ars ely and finely punctate ; horn 

rather broad, margined and serrate at the 
sides, its crest m large specimens distinctly elevated and serrate, in smaller 
ones scarcely elevated and granulate. Elytra oblong, their tips rounded in 
both sexes; surface rather coarsely and densely punctured and with rows 
of erect hairs intermixed with the dense, prostrate, grayish pubescence. 
Length 2.5-4 mm. (Fig. 584.) 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 11-December 28 
Hibernates beneath logs, mullein leaves, etc. In summer occurs on 
foliage, and often beneath cover in sandy places. As in the other 
species, the dark markings vary. The subhumeral spot on sides is 
more often present than absent, and sometimes forms a black mar- 
ginal stripe connecting with the crossbar. The subapical dark spot 
is absent m several specimens at hand, but I do not follow Casey in 
considering them specifically distinct. 

N. apicalis Lee, length 4 mm, is said to occur from Michigan to 
Kansas, Texas and California, 

VI. Mecynotarsus Laf. 1849. (Gr, " elongate + tarsus.") 
This genus differs from Notoxus in having the tarsi of all the 
egs slender and much longer than in that genus, while the next to 
last joint is cylindrical, without lobes. One of the four species 
occurs in the State. 

2481 (7930). Mecynotarsus candidus Lee, Trans. Amer Ent Soc V 
1875, 175. " "' ' 

Uniform pale dull yellow, almost translucent, clothed with very fine 
silken pubescence. Thorax oval, broader than long, rather densely and 
finely punctate; horn triangular, suddenly narrowed at base, both it and 
crest margined and finely toothed, the latter narrow and feebly elevated 
Elytra oval, very finely and densely punctulate, the tips rounded in both 
sexes. Length 2 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. May 29. One from beneath chunk in sand 
near border of pond. Known heretofore only from the Southern 
States. 



THE ANT-I4KE FLOWER BEETLES. 



1337 



VII. Dilaxdius Casey. 1895. 
Of this oenus its author says: "Peculiar iu having the acute 
side pi S of the presternum behind the coxae more mwardly pro- 
t than in aJmcus, so that they coalesce at or near the middle 
to closing the coxal cavities. The mesosternum extends m on 
SbTU -broken polished plate from side to sxde ofthe 
Wlv. £ lateral edges bearing a sparse fringe of long sttff. bnsflj 
et •' "Two specie^ are known, one of which was desc^ed tram 
^hern Illinol and has been taken by Dury near Ctnemnatt. 



Dilaxdivs myemecops Casey. Ann. X. T. Acad. Sci. 



VIII. 



2482 I 

1S95. 643. 

Very slender and elongate. Blaclt densely _ ^ 

—1 « of *~ ^^J^TS* TZ^l in front 
and a broader one at middle light brow, tae rounded 
by a narrow oblique bar of coarser, stver j win h of 
at base, coarsely and densely punctate Antenn* one It ^ 
bodv. the third joint longer than fourth. Thoiax L = ht 
nead. ntttch longer than -ide. deeply ^tts nctec t b ^ 

^ t*? - ™^ ^t£~ «* « and twice as wide 
Posey County: rare. April 7 One specif _feom >eneath 

imago. 



VIII. 



Tomoderus Laf . 1848. ( Gr., << cut - neck.'') 

• « wirt antenna? stout, bead-like, thickened 

rather small, somewhat coarsely granulated: next to last joint 
tarsi bilobed. 

*2483 ( 7933). Tomodehus coststbicttts Say. Journ. 

Phil. Acad. Nat Sci.. V, 1826. 
244: ibid. II. 309. 
Dark reddish-brown to piceous. shining, sparse- 
ly pubescent: basal portion of elytra reddish-brown, 
crradnallv merging into piceous; antennae dark red, 
dish-brown, legs paler. Thorax strongly constricted 
behind the middle, the front lobe subglobose. much 
the larger, smooth or nearly so. Elytral punctures 
very tine and irregularly placed on apical half, 
coarse* and in more or less distinct rows on paler 
basal portion. Length 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 585. 1 

Southern half of State, common ; not taken 




/ 



Fig. 585. Line shows natural 
size. (Original.) 



1338 



FAMILY l.XII. — AXTHICIDJE. 



north of Marion and Putnam counties, though probably occurs in 
fewer numbers. January 21-Deeemher 8. Most common in spring 
and tall beneath chips, mullein leaves, stones, etc.. and hibernates 
m similar places. T. interrupts Laf. is a mere form in which the 
basal portion of elytra is more extended, with the rows of punctures 
ess regular. Intergrades between the two are common in the col- 
lection at hand. 

IX. Malpobus Casey. 1895. (Or, " bad -walker.") 
. R f her slend er. ant-like species, possessing the characters men- 
tioned m generic key and having the head more strongly rounded 
and the last joint of maxillary palpi smaller than in Lappus 
three closely allied species may occur in Indiana, though but two 
have been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MALPORUS. 

a. Elytra] punctures distinct throughout the disk, fine and remote toward 
apex, closer and coarse before the middle. 
b. Thorax very strongly constricted; body throughout more sparsely 
punctate : elytra without an apical pale spot. eormicaeivs. 
66. Thorax much less strongly, constricted: body more densely punctate- 
elytra more parallel, the pale crossband less basal, each with an 
apical pale spot. 24§4 

aa. Elytral punctures limited to the sub-basal transverse impression, which 
is strong. 

248o. PKOPERUS. 

2484 ( 7941). Maipobus cixctus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci III 
1824, 27S ; ibid. II, 165. 
Dark reddish-brown, shining: elytra black or piceous. reddish at base 
and with a pale, narrow crossband. interrupted at suture, in front of inid- 
•f ' a ! Kl r UaUy a faiut * ale Wot at margin of tips. Thorax narrower 
than head, much longer than wide, strongly constricted on sides behind the 
middle; the larger front lobe globose and sparsely punctured, the hind one 
rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra with disk feebly trans- 
versely impressed on basal third, each with a distinct hump near suture 
m front of pale bar: surface punctured and with erect setae as mentioned 
in keys. Length 3-3.8 mm. 

Throughout the State : scarce. February 11-Julv 24 Occurs 
beneath logs and rubbish, especially in sandy places near water 
Several dark specimens with apical pale spot lacking may be for- 
micanus Laf.. but I am unable to satisfactorily separate them as 
distinct. That species is said to occur from Rhode Island to Iowa. 

24S5 ( ). Maiporus pbopebtjs Casey. Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci VIII 1S95 

653. '' ' / ' 

More slender and somewhat paler than ductus; eves larger and more 
convex; antennae more slender. Elytra with basal transverse impression 



1^9 

THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 

mu( * strong and without distinct puncture, except a very few within that 
impression. Length 3.3-3.5 mm. 

Putnam County; rare. April 27. One specimen taken bj sitt- 
ing dead leaves. Described from Indiana and Iowa. 

X. Lappus Casey. 1895. 
Casey separates four species from Anthicus and describes 14 
new ones tinder the above name. The characters distinguishing 
;XWn, S and allied genera are given in the generic key. 
Two species have been taken m the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OE LAPPCS. 

, Body and >egs deep hlach —out; Hind Uhhr of ma^not dUated^ 

usually black or pieeous; hind tibiae ot maie ^ STUEMII . 

inner side. 

2486 (T936). Lappvs obscvbes Laf.. Mon. Anthie. 1848 116 
the hairs become coarser and slightly pa ei 

Lai transverse impression of elytra faint. Length 2.7-3 mm 

Orange and Posey counties; scarce. Jnne Wane 18. Beaten 
from wild grape and elder. 

basal impression of elytra distinct. Length 2. . -3 mm. 

Tippecanoe, Crawford and Harrison counties; scarce. June 11- 

July 5. 

XI. Hemantus Casey. 1895. 
Sufficiently distinguished by the characters given in generic 
wattle n lesosternum in our species dilated so as to extend more 
£. half Z between the coxae and elytra! humeri, its outer mar- 
gin bearing a close fringe of long, fine decumbent hairs. 
2488 ( 7945). Hemantus eloralis Payk.. Faun. Suec, I. 1798, 258. 

" 8S R iddish.t,owu, « ^«™>™^^rjLZ 

tra pieeous; P^-^*^^^ are rounds = 
iTSSSE-SS I ha. ., disU « a sma* douhle tubercie on 



1340 



FAMILY LXII— ANTIIICIM. 



middle near apex, its surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and rather 

t^Z^^ evy faintly « - at - i — — - 

Posey County; rare. September 27. Occurs on flowers A 
European species, widely distributed throughout the United States. 

2489 ( 10 ' 727 )- Hemantus easillaris Say, Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 
III, 1824, 279 ; ibid. II, 165. 
Resembles the preceding but without the double tubercle on front of 
thorax and with a distinct impression just behind the humeri of elytra 
Length 8-4 mm. 

Lake and Marion counties ; scarce. January 17-June 18. 

XII. Anthicus Payk. 1798. (Gr, " like a flower.") 
A large genus of small species which, as limited by Casey have 
the mesosternum normal and undilated; last joint of maxillary 
palpi moderate in size and hatchet-shaped ; antennas rather short 
and gradually enlarged toward apex, the last joint entire- pubes- 
cence consisting of but a single set of hairs in addition to the erect, 
tactile setae. About 60 species are recognized, of which the follow- 
ing have been taken or probably occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANTHICUS. 

a: Larger, 2.5 or more mm. in length; sides of thorax broadly rounded in 
front, generally oblique and curved toward base. 
6. Abdomen rather coarsely and sparsely punctured; body pale in color 
a Head densely and roughly punctate ; elytra usually with a large 
Hi-defined piceous spot. 2490 . SCABEICEPS . 

cc Head sparsely, coarsely and simply punctate; elytra with a fuscous 
or piceous band at middle, interrupted at suture. 

7 , . 2491. ephippium. 

0. Abdomen always minutely and more or less densely punctate- body 
usually dark. 

d. Reddish-brown ; elytra with a dark interrupted crossbar at middle 
and another near apex, the two enclosing a rounded pale spot, 
on apical third. 2492 . CERVINUS> 

dd, Elytra not as above. 

e. Color wholly black or piceous. 

/. Head and thorax alutaceous and without pubescence; basal 
margin of thorax completely obsolete. coracinus. 
ff. Head and thorax pubescent as usual ; thorax with sides ob- 
tusely prominent near apex, thence straight and oblique to 
base; elytra large, flat. sodalis " 

ee. Body black ; elytra each with a well defined pale spot near base 
and another near apex, these occasionally more or less con- 
fluent ; thorax feebly constricted before the base; occiput im- 
pressed in middle. 

ff. Elytral punctures rather coarse and sparse, the surface shin- 
ing. 



THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. l^ 41 
ft. Larger, 4 mm. ; elytral pubescence long and dtetinct^^ 
W , Smaller, not over 3 mm. ; pubescence 

gj. Elytral punctures fine and very dense, the surface duU; basal 
spots of elytra elongate, not confluent ; pubescence shorty 

m . Smaller, not over 2 mm.; sides of thorax 

apical third to base; eyes very small and d,stm,t 
dull brownish to yellow. 

2490 ( 7951). Anthicus scaf-ricefs Lee, Agassis LaUe Sup., 1850, 230. 

Elomrate rather narrow. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining • pu- 
^cence dete and coarse. Head wider than long, truncate at base, both 
K thorax densely and roughly punctate or minutely tubereu late. Xho- 
, wide as long, sides broadly rounded, converging behind Elytra 
twicfas wicle as thorax, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm. 

Northern half of State; scarce. April 23-November 28. The 
elytra are for the most part piceous except at base and apex ; rarely 
they are wholly reddish-brown. 

2491 (7956). Anthicus ephiffitjm Laf„ Mom Anthic, 184S, 163. 

Elongate. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax often ^dish-brown ; 
elytia with dark crossbar as mentioned in key; ^eK mnt 

rS ^^ ^ as well as that of elytra, rather densely and 

coarsely punctured. Length 3 mm. 

Lake, Parke and Vigo counties; scarce. May 13 -l)ecember 28 
Occurs beneath rubbish in sandy localities. According to Casey 
LeConte's difficiUs and confusus are both synonyms of tins species. 

*249» (7959). Anthicus cervinus Lai., Mom Anthic, 1848, 181. 

Reddish-brown, feebly shining, sparsely and finely pufiescen t y antennae 

ly punctate. Length 2.4-2.7 mm. 

Throughout the State; frequent. January 7-October 9. Occurs 
beneath rubbish, more commonly in sandy places^ H« a, 
ima .o The head is usually darker than thorax and the front l.lack 
bar of elytra varies much in width, sometimes uniting with the 
other so that the entire apical half is piceous. 

A coracinus Lee, elongate, tibiae and tarsi pale, elytra parallel, 
strongly and coarsely punctate, length 3.5-4.2 mm., ts said to occur 
in the " regions near the Great Lakes." 



1342 



FAMILY LXII. ANTHICID^E. 



2493 (7961). Anthicus haldemanni Lea, Proc. Phil. Acad Nat Sci VI 
1852, 100. 

Black or piceous; elytra each with a large, triangular spot on basal 
fourth and a small rounded one on apical fourth, reddish-brown; antenna 
and legs dull reddish-yellow. Head truncate and impressed at base, rather 
coarsely and closely punctate and with an entire smooth median line Tho- 
rax as long as wide, broadly rounded on the sides in front; surface densely 
and finely punctate. Elytra much more coarsely and less densely punctate 
than thorax. Length 2.7-3 mm. 

Pine and Hessville, Lake County; scarce. April 16-June 4 
The markings on elytra resemble some of the varieties of cervinus 
but the head and thorax are both distinctly wider and the elytra 
more coarsely punctured. 

2494 ( 7980). Anthicus melancholic us Laf., Hon. Anthic, 1S48, 174. 

Suboval, convex. Color uniform, varying from piceous to dull brown- 
ish-yellow, sparsely pubescent; antenna and legs paler. Head with base 
truncate; surface finely and closely punctate and with a smooth median 
line. Thorax slightly longer than wide, its sides nearly straight and feebly 
converging to base; disk strongly convex, densely and finely punctate Ely- 
tra with humeri somewhat rounded; disk coarsely, deeply and rather closely 
punctate. Length 1.8-2 mm. 

Marion County; scarce. October 11. Taken from beneath 
chunks m low, open woods. Easily known by its small size, uniform 
color and small, convex eyes. LeConte's spretus and latebrans are 
said by Casey to be the same as Laferte's species. 

Casey (loc. cit.) described Anthicus sodalis black throughout, 
length 3-3.2 mm, and A. heroicus black, legs testaceous, elytra each 
with two large rufous spots, length 4 mm, both from "Indiana," 
but I have seen no specimens. A. savcius Casey, length 3 mm, w'as 
described from Iowa. 

XIII. Sapintus Casey. 1895. 

This genus includes ten species differing from Anthicus by the 
characters mentioned in key and by their having the body stouter, 
with relatively longer elytra and smaller thorax; epipleura? wider;' 
first joint of hind tarsi longer; tibial spurs shorter and much more 
slender. In addition to the erect "tactile setaa," the elytral pubes- 
cence consists of longer and more erect hairs arising from coarse 
punctures, and shorter, more prostrate ones from minute punctures 
of the intervals. Our two species belong to the group having the 
eyes large and rather strongly convex and the body black or brown- 
ish-black. 



THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 



1343 



*2495 (7970) Sapintus pubescens Laf., Mon. Anthic., 1848, 11 J. 

Head and elytra dark brown to black, shining; thorax dull; legs pic- 
eous. the tarsi and basal half of antennae pale. Head finely and closely 
punctate, truncate at base. Thorax wider than long, slightly narrower than 
head widest at apical third, the sides thence oblique and strongly .•on- 
verging to base; surface finely and densely punctate. Elytra convex, more 
than twice as wide as thorax, sides straight as far as middle ; disk coarsely, 
deenly and rather sparsely punctate, with a distinct hump each side of scu- 
tellum; the coarser, suberect hairs yellowish. Length 2.7-3 mm. 

Throughout the State ; scarce. January 13-June 13. Occurs on 

ground beneath rubbish, hibernating sparingly beneath mullein 

leaves, etc. 

?496 (7971). Sapintus fulyipes Laf.. Mon. Anthic, 1848, 177. 

Smaller and more narrow than puDescens, which it resembles closely. 
Le-s and antennae wholly dull reddish-yellow. Thorax much narrower than 
head and more distinctly narrowed behind. Pubescence of elytra fine, short, 
pale and conspicuous. Length 2.3-2.5 mm. 

Lake, Lawrence and Dubois counties ; scarce. May 5-October b. 

XIV. Amblyderus Laf. 1848. (Gr., "obtuse + neck.") 
The members of this genus occur, for the most part, along the 
beaches of the sea and lakes. The strongly sloping front of the 
thorax and the stouter, more oval body readily distinguish them 
from Anthicus.. One of the eight species recognized by Casey has 
been taken in the State. 

2497 (7976). Amblyderus pallexs Lee. Agass. Lake Sup.. 1850, 231. 

Stout, convex. Uniform dull, pale yellow, rather 
densely clothed with short, coarse, yellowish hairs. 
Bead triangular, base truncate and distinctly im- / 
pressed at middle, surface granulate, with a median 
smooth line. Thorax cordate, slightly wider than head, 
widest at apical fourth, thence much narrowed to 
base; surface finely and sparsely granulate-punctate. 
r Elytra oval, one-half wider than thorax; disk finely, f 
pot densely punctate. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 586.) 

Lake and Porter counties ; scarce. May 14- 
October 12. Occurs beneath rubbish on the sand 
beach and dunes of Lake .Michigan, its hues so 
blending with those of the sand that the insects 
are scarcely visible until they move. 

Tribe V. XYLOPHILINI. 
Small oval or oblong forms separated by the characters given 
in the tribal key and by having the head constricted close behind 
the emarginate, usually hairy and coarsely granulated eyes; head 
[85—23402] „ ! iaUi 




Fig 586. (Original.) 



1344 FAMILY LXII. ANTHICIDyE. 

strongly deflexed, neck very small ; last joint of maxillary palpi 
large and hatchet-shaped; first joint of hind tarsi in our species 
very long. Casey has divided the tribe into 13 genera, six of which 
are probably represented in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XYLOPHILINI. 

a. Eyes hairy, deeply emarginate. 

b. Head deeply sinuate at base, its hind angles round, not prominent- 
pubescence of elytra short, matted and duplex. XV Elonus' 
bb. Head truncate at base; pubescence long, stiff and simple 

c. Antenn* inserted within the deep notch or emargination of eye 
those of male with fan-like processes; hind angles of head denti- 
form, setose. ~v"\tt ™ 
. , . XVI. Emelinus. 

^teno® inserted just without the coarsely granulated eyes, sim- 
pie in both sexes. XVIL Zonantes. 

aa. Eyes almost smooth, feebly emarginate, the notch sometimes almost oh- 
solete. 

d. Second and third antennal joints small. XVIII Phomalus 

del. Third antennal joint elongate; thorax narrower than head; body 
elongate, black or piceous without spots. 
e. Antennae gradually and feebly enlarged towards apex. Vanonus 
ee. Antennae terminating in an abrupt parallel five-jointed club. 

Tanilotes. 

XV. Elonus Casey. 1895. 
Oblong, opaque species clothed with short hairs intermixed with 
longer and more erect ones ; head deeply constricted and strongly 
sinuate at base ; last joint of labial palpi large, suboval, truncate 
and deeply concave at apex; antennas with second joint short, wider 
than third, the last joint elongate, obliquely pointed or bent! Two 
of the three known species probably occur in the State, although 
but one has been taken. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ELONUS. 

a, Brownish-black ; elytra orange at base, without a zigzag median band. 

„ . , ■ BASALTS. 

aa. Grayish-black ; elytra with an angulated narrow band about the mid- 
dle and an apical spot of gray pubescence. 2498. nebulosus. 

E. basalts Lee, length 2.8 mm., is known from Virginia and 
Illinois. 

2498 (7900). Elonus nebulosus Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1875, 175. 

Grayish-black, opaque; abdomen and elytra brown, the latter reddish- 
brown at base and marked with grayish pubescence as mentioned in key • 
tarsi and palpi pale. Eyes very large, separated by about one-third their 
width. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the apex three-fifths as wide as 



THE ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES. 



1 345 



base sides feebly rounded, disk very densely punctate. Elytra twice as 

aftnlx, parallel, deeply and coarse* punctate. 
tbigbs dilated and last joint of antennse as long as the three preceding 
united. Length 2.5 ram. 

Posey County; rare. May 28. 

XVI. Kmelinus Casey. 1895. 
Eyes very large, sub-basal, coarsely faceted; antennae two-thirds 
as long' as body, those of male with third .joint elongate and jomts 
4-11 each with a long appendage on inner side; third joint ot 
female scarcely longer than fourth, joints 4-10 equal, without ap- 
pendages ; basal joint of tarsi long and slightly bent near base. 
2499 ( 7898). Kmelinus melsheimeri Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set, VII, 
1855, 276. 

Rather slender, convex. Head, under surface and femora 
rax reddish-brown, with three irregular blackish spots; elytra dull brown 
sh-yenot, with sides and three uneven crossbars blackish sparse* cloth < 
with long yellowish hairs; antenna,, tibiae and tarn dull yellow_ Head 
finely and sparsely punctate; eyes separated by one-thud their widtiE ^bo- 
rax nuadrate narrower than head, sides parallel, disk finely and densely 
P^e Elytra parallel, twice as wide as thorax narrowly impr^d 
each side of suture, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate. Length —.0 rain 

Marion County; rare. September 5. Known from Illinois and 
Pennsylvania. 

XVII. Zon antes Casey. 1S95. 
Eyes large, coarsely granulated, placed close to base of head 
which is entire and truncate. Antennce with second and third 
joints of subecmal length, eleventh swollen at middle and obliquely 
pointed. Two of the eight species have been taken m the btate. 
2500 (7902). Zon antes fasciatus Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 
1846 55 

Suboval convex. Black; autenme. palpi, legs and tips of abdomen dull 
- yell "ra\lael, each with a large humeral spot and apical fourt^ed- 
dish-yellow; pubescence long, rather coarse and sparse. Thorax as widt 
a head, su^uadrate, sides parallel; disk finely and rather sparsely ^punc- 
tate feebly impressed along the median line. Elytra one-halt v, ,dei than 
thorax parallel coarsely but not densely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm 

Throughout the State : scarce. June 1-June 20. Taken by beat- 
ing flowers and foliage. 

2501 (7904). Zonantes sibfasciatvs Lee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. V. 
1875, 176. 

Suboval. convex. Dull reddish-yellow, head fuscous: elytra with a 
narrow median piceous bar. slightly wider at the sides: pubescence long 



1346 



FAMILY LXIIL— PYROCHROHXE. 



coarse and sparse. Thorax subqnadrate. one-third wider than long finely 
and densely punctate and impressed along the median line. Elytra one- 
halt wider than thorax, densely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate.' Length 
1.5-1.7 mm. 

Dubois Count}- rare. April 29. 

XVIII. Phomalus Casey. 1895. 

Eyes large, rather widely separated, very coarsely granulated 
and with a small rounded emargination ; placed close to base, which 
is strongly arched and elevated: eleventh joint of antenna rather 
small and obtuse; thorax transverse, with sides parallel; abdomen 
with basal segment more than equal to the others combined. One 
of the two species occurs in the State. 

2502 (7910). Phomalus beunnipennis Lee.. Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc Y 
1875, 176. 

Elongate-oblong, convex. Dark brown ; head, thorax and middle and 
hmd legs piceous ; pubescence grayish-yellow, short and rather dense. Tho- 
rax wider than long, apex rounded; disk convex, slightly uneven, finelv and 
densely punctate. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, oblong, parallel, 
finely and densely punctate and with a faint oblique impression on basal 
third. Length 1.7-2 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. April 16. 

Vanonus piceus Lee, black, legs and antennae dark reddish- 
brown, eyes separated by twice their own width, length 1.7 mm., is 
known from Pennsylvania, New York and AVisconsin. 

Taniloies lacustris Casey, black, eyes separated by three times 
their width, length 1.6 mm., was described from Wisconsin. 

Family LXIIL PYEOCHROID.E. 

The Fire-colored Beetles. 

A small family of moderate sized, broad depressed beetles hav- 
ing the elytra rather soft in texture, usually widened behind the 
middle and remarkable for their relative size. The head is almost 
horizontal and constricted behind the eyes into a rather slender 
neck, both head and thorax being much narrower than the elytra. 
Most of our species are conspicuous for the rufous thorax, which 
contrasts with the black elytra and for the prominent antenna} 
which are serrate or subpectinate in the female and usually with 



THE FIRE-COLORED BEETLES. 



1847 



long, comb-like processes in the male. The name is from that oj 
the typical genus Pyrochroa, meaning ' 1 fire + color/ ' and was prob- 
ably suggested by the presence of red or yellow in their coloration, 
some of the foreign ones being almost wholly red. Our species live 
in all stages under the half decayed bark of trees and have little 

economic importance. . 

In addition to the more prominent characters mentioned, the 
Pyrochroidee have the eyes emarginate, rather coarsely granulate 
and sometimes very large; antennae 11-jointed, inserted at the sides 
of the front just before the eyes; elytra wider than the abdomen, 
rounded at tips, the epipleime visible only near the base ; abdomen 
with five free ventral segments, the fifth emarginate, exposing the 
tip of sixth in male; front coxae large, conical, contiguous, the cavi- 
ties widely open behind; middle coxae with distinct trochantms; 
tarsi with next to last joint dilated, claws simple. 

The principal papers treating of the North American species 
are as follows : ? f 

LeConte — ' ' Synopsis of the Pyrochroides of the United States, ' 
in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1855, 274-275. 

Born.— "Synopsis of Dendroides," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 
XV, 1888, 46-48. 

The 11 known species from North America are divided among 
four genera, all of which are represented in Indiana. 

KEY TO GENERA OF PYROCHROID^. 

a Eves moderate in size, well separated. 
' 6. Antenna* simple; color dull yellow; thorax and elytra strongly cari- 

nate. ' . . , 

66. Antennae serrate or branched ; the branches more or less rigid. 

c Last joint of maxillary palpi long, priming-knife shaped; length 
v ' J ii. Pyrochroa. 

13 or more mm. 

cc Last joint of maxillary palpi long, oval ; smaller, not over 8 mm. 

J HI. SCHIZOTUS. 

aa Eyes very large, sometimes nearly contiguous; branches of male an- 
aa. uyeb & ' flov ^hiP IV. Dendroides. 

tennse very slender and flexible. 

I. Ischalia Pasc. (Gr., "dried up.") 

This genus is represented in the eastern United States by a 
single small species which, on account of its peculiar sculpture, is 
very different in appearance from any other Indiana beetle. The 
body covering is much firmer than in other genera of the family 
and the last joint of the maxillary palpi is large and hatchet-shaped. 



1348 



FAMILY LXIII. — PYROCHROIDJE 



2503 (7990). Ischalia costata Lee. New Sp. N. Am. CoL. I, 1806, 142. 

Oval, subdepressed. Dull brownish-yellow; head, abdomen and an- 
tenna-, except the last two joints, brownish-fuscous ; elytra dusky with a 
long stripe on side and tips pale. Thorax bell-shaped, without punctures 
sides thickened and reflexed ; hind angles acute; disk with a strong median 
carina ending in a point at the base. Elytra elongate-oval, very coarsely 
punctured; each with a high ridge extending from humerus nearly to tips 
and another, much feebler, very near the margin and reaching from near 
the base to the tip. Length 4.5-5 mm. 

Marshall County; rare. May 3. One specimen from decaying 
cottonwoocl. 



II. Pyrocpiroa Geoff. 1764. (Gr., ''fire + color.") 

Four species of large black and yellow forms belong here. Two 
of the four occur in the State. 

2504 (7991). Pyeocheoa flabellata Fab., Ent. Syst Supp., 1798. II. 105. 
Elongate, subdepressed. Reddish-yellow; antennae, except the two basal 

joints, piceous; elytra black, sparsely clothed with short, suberect pubes- 
cence. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly wider than head; sides 
and angles rounded, disk smooth, with a broad median impression at base. 
Elytra distinctly wider behind the middle, finely and densely granulate- 
punctate. Male with head broadly concave between the eyes and antenna? 
with joints 5 to 10 more strongly pectinate than in female. Length 15- 
17 mm. 

Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties ; much 
less so northward. June 2-July 7. Occurs on foliage, especially 
that of ironwood, in open woodland ; also often beneath chips and 
bark. A half dozen specimens were, on one occasion, found feeding 
on a pungent, sourish sap which was exuding from a crevice in a 
white oak stump. 

2505 (7992). Pyeocheoa femoealis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. YII 

1855, 274. 

Resembles the preceding in form and color except that the under sur- 
face, palpi, all the tibiae and tarsi and part of middle and hind femora are 
blackish. Thorax much narrower than in flabellata, scarcely wider than 
head. Male with a very deep double fovea between the eyes and with the 
branches of antenna 1 joints much longer and more slender. Females with 
a broad, shallow excavation between the eyes and the antenna? about as in 
the males of flabellata. Length 14-16.5 mm. 

Marion, Crawford and Perry counties ; scarce. May 14-June 5. 
The elytra are much more shining and less rough than in flabellata. 



THE FIRE-COLORED BEETLES. 



1349 



III. Schizotus Newm. 1838. (Gr.", " cleft 4- back.") 
A single rather small, dull species represents this genus in the 
Eastern United States. 

ooOQ (7993). Schizotus cervicalis Newm., Hmrom, Mag., V, 1838, 375 
-ouo yivio, hlarlrisli-Diceous, sparsely clothed 

■pinno-ntp suboval, depressed. Dull Diacmsu yiw i • 
wJKES* g ra yl «w hairs; thorax, ^"^^ 
aarrow sutural and marginal lines of elytra, obscure reddish, ihovax one 
;r:,ler «..„ ^ «. «,* an,** — ; , 
and densely punctate and with a wide, deep of 
widened behind the middle, finely and densely granulate-punctate Head ot 
r^tltt a deep fovea each side at base and with the branches ot aotemc, 
long and slender. 

Lake Countr; rare. May 28. Taken from beneath the bark of 
dead birch in the Kankakee Valley near Shelby. A member of the 
Alleghanian fauna. 



IV 



Dendroides Lat, (Gr., "branen or tree + like.") 



Medium-sized species, readily known by the very large eyes 
which in the males, almost meet on top of the head, and in the 
female are hut slightly separated. Two of the four species recog- 
nizecl by Horn occur in the State. 



2507 (7994). Dendroides bicolor Newm.. Ent. Mag 

Elongate, slender, snbparallel. 
Reddish-yellow ; head, antennae and 
elytra pieeous. Thorax about as wide 
as long, widest at middle, the sides 
strongly converging in front, slightly 
sinuate near base; disk sparsely and 
coarsely punctate, with a median 
impression on basal half. Elytra 
nearly parallel in male, distinctly 
wider behind in female, coarsely and 



V, 1838, 375. 




Winn- m-.K.m ... T 587 fl) : fe, pupa ; c beetle (female) ; d, ea- 

rather closely punctate. Males more large | ana i horns of la- 

... «,^rl antenna of male. (Aite 



C, pupa, c ; ihjcm*. v*-™--/, «, 

.arva; e, enlarged head of same; t, 
(After Riley.) 



Length 9-13 mm. 



Mav 21- August 17. Occurs 



slender, with a narrower thorax and antenna of male 
with branches of antennal joints very long and slender. 
( Fig. 3. No. 5. and fig. 587.) 

Througbout the State; frequent, 
beneath bark. 

9 50 S (7995) Dendroides coxcolok Newm.. Ent. Mag.. V. 1838. 375. 

Elongate -lender, parallel. Uniform pale brownish-yellow. Thorax 
distiX & tnge?than wide, narrower in trout; dish smooth and shtntng. 



1350 



FAMILY LXIV. MELOID/E. 



™tW mpieSS10U VISlbl * «* base only. Elytra parallel, coarsely and 

rather closely punctate. Male antennae with last joint as long as the five 
preceding, their branches as in UcoJor. Length 11-13 mm. 

# Laporte County; rare. May 25. Taken from beneath bark of 
pine. 

Family LXIV. MELOID M. 
The Oil and Bltster Beetles. 
Medium or large-sized beetles of variable color, having the tho- 
rax narrower than either head or elytra; the bodies soft in texture 
often loose-jointed and sprawly in appearance and usually slender 
and subcylmdncal in form; antennae of moderate length and in the 
male sometimes curiously knotted or otherwise modified; head 
broad, vertical and abruptly narrowed into a neck; elytra and sides 
of abdomen with little or no co-adaaptation ; tarsal claws cleft or 
toothed, each claw usually bearing a long appendasre closely applied 
beneath it. 

The name Meloid* is of uncertain derivation. The larger more 
bulky species, belonging to the genus Meloe, when alarmed exude 
from the joints of the legs a yellowish oily liquid, whence the name 
oil beetles," often applied to them. To our more common forms 
the name "blister beetles" is given, on account of their possessing 
a peculiar principle called cantharidine which, when extracted and 
applied to the human skin, possesses the power of raising blisters 

In the adult stage the blister beetles are often injurious, since 
they feed on cultivated plants such as beets, potatoes and tomatoes 
and a number of them are called "old-fashioned potato beetles " a 
term m use only since the Colorado potato beetle invaded the East 
In the larval stage, however, many of them are verv beneficial as 
they feed upon the egg-pods of our common grasshoppers thus 
greatly lessening the numbers of these insects. The larvae of the 
blister beetles are also peculiar in that they undergo several more 
changes than do ordinary beetles before reaching the adult stage a 
pseudo-pupal or inactive stage following the usual three or four 
moults of the larval form, this being succeeded bv an active sta-e 
which m turn is followed by the usual pupal stage preceding the 
final moult. The larva- of the "oil beetles" live in nests of bumble- 
and other bees, feeding upon the honey stored for the young bee. 
and hence are also injurious in this stage. 

In addition to the more important characters mentioned, the 



TITE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 



i35i 



Meloidro have the antennae 11-jointed, inserted at the sides of the 
front, before the eyes; elytra variable in form, but when short never 
truncate; abdomen with six free ventral segments ; front and middle 
coxce large, conical, contiguous, the front cavities widely open be- 
hind; next to last joint of tarsi cylindrical, except in Tetraonyx. 

About 200 species of Meloidae are known from North America, 
the great majority of them being from the Western and South- 
western States. These are treated in the following papers : 

LeConte.—' ' Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States," in 

Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 328-350. 
LeConU.—" Synopses of the genera Pyroia and Pomphopwa," 

in New Sp, N. Am. Col, T, 1866, 159-161. 
Horn.— 'Revision of the species of several genera of Meloidae 
of the United States," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XIII, 1873, 
88-117. Gives synopses of Macrobasis, Epicauta, Pompho- 
pcea and Cantharis. 
Horn.-^-" Synoptic tables of Zonites and Calospasta," in Trans. 

Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 1875, 155; VII, 1878, 60. 
ZeCtmU.—' 'Synoptic table of Nemognaiha," in Trans. Amer. 

Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 212-215. 
Horn,—' 'Studies among the Meloidae," in Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc, XII, 1885, 107-116. Gives synopses and descriptions 
of Macrobasis, Pyroia and Tetraonyx, 
Hem.—" Revision of Calospasta," in Proc, Amer. Phil. Soc, 

XXIX, 1891, 99-102. 
Wickham, II. F. — "The Meloidae of Ontario and Quebec," in 

Can. Ent, XXVIII, 1896, 31-35. 
Fa U H 'Notes on Cantharis, with Synoptic Table," in 

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXVII, 1901, 293-301. 
The North American species of the family may be divided 
among two subfamilies, both of which are represented in the State. 

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF MELOIDiE. 

a Side pieces of meso- and metathorax covered by the elytra ; inflexed 
portion of elytra very wide; inner wings absent; elytra (m our 
species) short and overlapping the suture and leaving most ot the 

abdomen exposed; body large, clumsy. 

Subfamily I. Meloin.e. p. 1352. 

aa Side pieces of meso- and metathorax visible; inflexed portion of elytra 
narrow; wings usually present; elytra long, almost or quite covering 
the abdomen (except in marini), not overlapping at suture. 

Subfamily II. Canthaein.e. p. 1353. 



1352 



FAMILY LXIV. MELOID.E. 




Subfamily I. MELOINAE. 

The members of our single genus of 
this subfamily are known as "oil bee- 
tles." They are large, clumsy black or 
bluish forms with short elytra, which do 
not cover the unwieldy abdomen. They 
have the tarsal claws cleft, the upper 
and lower parts equal, and the antenna? 
of the males are curiously dilated near 
the middle. (Fig. 588.) Being wing- Fig . 588 . M *.*,l raa ] e beetle ; ' 2 ,W; 
less, they are found on the ground or low (After Packard -) 

herbage, and are more common in late autumn or spring. When 
disturbed they emit a disagreeable fluid from the joints. 

I. Meloe Linn. 1758. (Or., "small animal.") 

Three of the 14 species have been taken in the State and one 
other perhaps occurs. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MELOE. 

a. Thorax not longer than wide. 

J). Color chill black ; thorax with an impression on basal half of median 

line - 2509. IMPRESSUS. 

II). Color blue or bluish-black; thorax not impressed. 

c. Thorax rather densely punctate ; elytra not roughly sculptured. 

NIGER. 

cc. Thorax coarsely and deeply, not densely, punctured ; elytra coarse- 
ly sculptured ; color more decidedly blue and more shining. 

2510. AMERICANUS. 

a a. Thorax longer than wide, sparsely and irregularly punctate; color deep 
bluish-black ; elytra finely rugose. 2511. angusticollis. 

2509 (S000). Meloe impressus Kirby, Faun. Bar. Ainer., 1837, 241. 

Dull black with a faint bluish tinge. Thorax about as wide as long, 
widest at apical third, thence feebly narrowed to base; disk coarsely and 
sparsely punctured and with an impression just behind the middle. Elytra 
rather densely and shallowly rugose. Length 11-14 mm. 

Vigo County; rare. May 12. 

M. niger Kirby, blue-black, feebly shining, length 12.5-15 mm., 
is known from Canada. 

2510 (8013). Meloe americanus Leach, Linn. Trans., XI, 1815, 251. 
Bluish-black ; elytra more decidedly blue in male. Thorax about as 

wide as long, but slightly narrower than head ; rather densely punctate on 
apical half, much more sparsely so on basal portion. Length 16-24 mm. 

Southern half of State ; scarce. April 10-December 25. Noted 
only in late autumn and early spring. On October 28 I once found 



THE OIL AND BUSTER BEETLES. L3JO 

six of these beetles close together near the margin of a wheat field. 
One female had the abdomen partly buried in the soft, recently 
ploughed earth, and on removing her I found a circular mass of 
yellow eggs, 150 or more in number. Say states that «»« 
I "not "uncommon and is sometimes gregarious in great numbers. 

2511 (S012). Meloe angusticollis Say, Journ. PM1, Acad. Nat. Scl., III. 
1824, 280; ibid. II, 166. 
Head and thorax dark blue; elytra and abdomen violaceous. J**£ 
alutaceous finely, deeply and very sparsely punctured. Ihoiax one-halt 
"r tlL had and nearly one-half longer tban wide; sparsely and 
aeX punctate and, in male, with two smaU imp— -each stde of nod- 
dle Elytra finely and shallowly rugose. Length 12-15 mm. 

Vigo County; scarce. September 18. The adults are said to 
feed upon the leaves of the buttercup. This and the preceding spe- 
Z are often confused in collections, and Wickham evident!, £ 
the names transposed in his table of Canadian species. Say states 
t both head and thorax of angusticolUs are "strikingly narrower 
Han the body," while LcConte says that the thorax is nearly ^ 
half longer than wide, both of which statements are true of this, but 
not of americwnvs. 

Subfamily II. CANTHARINAE. 

In addition to characters given in the key, the species of this 
sub family have the body much more slender and the elytra meeting 
even y along the suture ; claws cleft to base, the upper portion some- 

i ""pectinate. Representatives of four of the five 
tribes) and seven of the 24 genera, recognized by LeConte and 
Horn, occur in the State. 

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF CANTHARIN-fE. 

„ Front not prolonged beyond the base of antenna, labium small, scarce- 
ly risible; elytra (in our species) dull red.^ ^ p ^ 

aa. Front prolonged ; frontal suture and lahrum distinct 
6 Mandibles prolonged beyond the labrum. acute at tip. 

o. Elytra entire ; tarsal claws cleft _ ^ xemognathini, p. 1354. 

c , Elytra rudimentary, wings w---— , 1857 . 

M. Manxes not prolonged, obtuse; elytra ^W'fS* 
not thickened toward the apex. lube II . Canthari. 



1354 FAMILY LXIV. MELOID 2E„ 



Tribe I. HORIINI. 



In this tribe the head is large squarely truncate behind- an- 
tennas not very long and not thickened toward apex; eves trans- 
verse kidney-shaped, claws of tarsi cleft to base, the upper portion 
with fine comb-like teeth, the lower one very slender. One of the 
two genera is represented in the State. 

II Trior ania Lee. 1860. (Gr., "three times + head.") 
Head triangular; last joint of maxillary palpi longer than 
third; mandibles not toothed; hind tarsi one-half shorter than 
tibiae. One of the three species occurs in the State. 

2512 (8021). Teiceaxia saxguixipexxis Say. Journ. Phil. Acad Nat Sei 
HI. 1S24. 279; ibid. II. 166. 
Elongate-oblong. Black, sparsely clothed with short, erect hairs- ely- 
tra uniform brick red. Thorax submiadrate. about as wide as head." one- 
third wider than long; surface, as well as that of head, densely, coarsely 

T^/mm PUBCtate ' ElTtm aenSely and ratber ^o S ; Length 

A few specimens taken by Woleott near Hessville, Lake County 
localities ' ° CCLlrS ° n S ° rrel and beneath cover » §and 7 

Tribe II. XEAIOGXATHIXI. 

. °™ 1 1 llem i bers of tRis ^ are rather small, oblong species hav 
the head triangular and squarely truncate ^L; ^ry 

ss riti? the fourth . joint th - «s 

cleft to base, the upper portion with strong, comb-like teeth the 

ZZZ To ?tl e >f 3 acute and ™ aUy — sl «- 

at hand " ™ ^ resented * the collection. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF XEMOGXATHINI 

M s~ a ;r er iobe proiw b ~ e; — -t a**- 

aa. Maxilla, with outer lobe aot prolonged ^o™ A . 

b ■' 1 > ■ -ZOXITIS. 

HI. Nemognatha 111. 1807. (Gr, "a thread + jaw. ") 
In this genus the enter lobe of the ruaxilbe is prolonged into a 
slender; fleztble process., betimes nearly as long as the hoi y vhieh 
resembles somewhat the sucking tube of a butterfh. Pour of tie 8 

r^;:~ LeCoDte have *- — * - 



THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 



1355 



KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEMOGNATHA. 

a. Palpi rather short, not very slender, hairy; spurs of hind tibi* equal 
in ^ize rather slender. . , 

i. E^ra finely and very dense* tured; thorax no, vnder behm 

o. Thorax quadrate; maxilhe two-thirds or more the length ot body, 
d. Thorax densely punctured; color variable. „.,,,.,'.'...,, 
W. Thorax sparsely punctured; elytra either whoUyyel J^ortamn 
ish-yellow, with a black stripe. 25 3 ™ N " L " A ; 

eo Thorax nearly oval, yellow, with black spots finely and rathe, 
snarsely punctured ; maxillae half the length ot body. 

Spdistly yu. 2gl4 _ nemORENSIS. 

M Elytra less finely and less densely punctured, yellow, with a wide 
black stripe; thorax yellow, rather sparsely punctured. 

aa Palpi longer and more slender, not hairy but only pubescent ; maxilla- 
e s than half the length of body: spines of bind tibia, broad, obtuse. 
, " rather finely and densely punctured; e.ytr* . wholly = e 
yellow or rarely with a broad black strip* 2515 ™™ ER £ 

ee . Thorax very coarsely, sparsely and irregularly 
low or dark brown. 
If: piezata Fab., male with fourth ventral broadly sulcate fifth 
impressed, length 7-11 mm., is said to occur from the "Atlantic Re- 
gions to Colorado and Montana." 

2513 (8032). Nemognatha pt.nctui.ata Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Set. 
VI, 1853, 347. 

Elongate-oblong. Orange yellow, sparsely clothed with f^*™V 
antenna, (except at base), tarsi and greater part of under surface Mackrsh. 
Head finely and densely punctate, with front flat; 

rax one-third wider than long, sides almost straight, disk sparsely, coarseij 
and Marly punctate. Elytra minutely and very densely punctured. 
Length 8-11 mm. 

Jackson County; rare. July 16. The form described is var. 
flavipennk TJhler. In the typical form the upper surface is brown- 
ish-yellow, the elytra with a black stripe. 

2514 ( 8034). Nemognatha NEMOisENSis Hente., Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, 
III, 1S30, 25S. 

Elongate-oblong. Black, rather thickly clothed with short, erect black 
bairs mandibles, middle of head and thorax yellow, the latter usually with 
two black spots on basal half which are often united. Maxd.a one-halt 
the length of body. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. 

Crawford County ; rare. June 2-June 28. 

N cribaria Lee, male with fourth and fifth ventral* impressed 
and with median tufts of black hairs, length 6.5-8.5 mm., ranges 
from "the Middle and Western States to New Mexico. ' 



1356 



FA MIL Y LXIV. — MELOID/E. 



2515 (8040). Nemognatha vittigera Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci VI 
1853, 348. 

Elongate, subeylindrical. Reddish-yellow ; elytra usually with a broad 
discal black stripe; antenna?, tibia) and tarsi blackish. Thorax as wide as 
long, sides almost straight, apex rounded. Elytra densely, roughly and con- 
fluently punctate. Length 9-11 mm. 

Two in Webster collection labelled "Ind., Baker;" probably 
from St. Joseph County. Recorded from Illinois, Missouri and 
Texas. 

2516 (8041). Nemognatha ceibeicollis Lee, Proc. Phil. Acad Nat Sci 
VI, 1853, 348. 

Oblong. Color exceedingly variable, in the type dull yellow with an- 
tennae and tarsi brownish; in the specimens at hand (fuscipennis Lec.) 
dark brown with head and thorax reddish-yellow. Thorax but slightly 
broader than long, sides rounded. Elytra rather coarsely, densely and con- 
fluently punctured. Length 5-9 mm. 

Lake County ; rare. June 29-July 4. 

IV. Zonttis Fab. 1775. (Gr., " girded or banded.") 

_ Sma]1 oblong species with the maxillae not prolonged ; antennaa 
filiform, the first and third joints equal, the second a little shorter. 
Two species have been taken, while another may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZONITIS. 

a. Antenna? not over half the length of body ; eyes widely separated, not 
extending beneath the head. 
b. Thorax without a median impressed line; elytra yellow, each with a 
median piceous stripe which is abbreviated at base and apex. 

2517. BILINEATA. 

bb. Thorax with a distinct median impressed line; elytra brown with 
suture and margins narrowly yellow. 2518. sulcicollis. 

aa, Antenna- bristle-like, nearly as long as the entire body; eyes large, 
rather close together and extending beneath the head; thorax and 
elytra very densely punctured; elytra brownish-yellow, with suture, 
margin and narrow median stripe paler. longicoenis.' 

2517 (8049). Zonitis bilineatus Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1817 
22; ibid. II. 3. 

Elongate-oblong. Dull brownish-yellow. Elytra usually with piceous 
stripe as mentioned in key, this sometimes wanting; antenna*, tibia- and 
tarsi in part or wholly fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than 
long, front angles rounded, hind ones obtuse ; disk coarsely and very sparse- 
ly and irregularly punctured. Elytra with distinct, rather coarse and sparse 
punctures. Length 7.5-9 mm. 

Wells and Putnam counties; rare. June 11- July 29. Taken 
from blossoms of wild rose. 



THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 



1357 



25is ( ). ZONITIS SULCICOIXIS SI). 110V. 

• „( fiuioo i-ir^i find ineso- and uieta- 
Elongate-oblong. Antennae, occiput, tibus, taisi < 

~ b -u:t.,. T . ^ .,r, ^SCS^^^ 

ides and a,! the angles strongly rounded; disk uneven sparse!, - ^ ^ 

tte tpex of fifth ventral broadly and deeply concave. Length 8 nun. 

Lake County : rare. July 29. Taken from blossoms of the yet 
low flowered thistle, Cnicus pitcheri Torr. Very dtsttnct from 
mZa in color, difference in sculpture of elytra and « having 
thoracic impressed line. 

Z. longicomis Horn, head nearly black, thorax darker at middle 
legs and antennae pale, length 10 mm., was described from Central 
Illinois. 

Tribe III. SITARINI. 
To this tribe belongs a single North American ^f^^"" 
nvinntipennis Riley, which is parasitic upon a g^nnd-bee (A ntko- 
pora so.), which builds its nests in perpendicular clay banks. The 
ZoZn of the beetle is very large, as in Meloe: elytra,^ W 
and wings wanting. The head is triangular, thorax elongate, tarsal 
claws cleft ; male with a double row of horny 
plates on abdomen. It was described from 
near St. Louis, doubtless occurs wherever its 
host lives, and should be looked for in early 
spring. 

Tribe IV. CANTHARINI. 
Elongate, rather slender, subcylindrical 
beetles, having the front marked with a dis- 
tinct transverse suture prolonged beyond the 
insertion of the antenna?; tarsal claws cleft to 
base, the upper part not serrate, the two parts 




(Fig. 589.) Four of *.^^S5** 
the twelve genera are represented in the col- 



in our genera subequal. 
the twelve genera are 

lections, while members of two others perhaps occur 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OE CANTHARINI. 

• «. Second joint of antenme at least one-half as long as third. 

«, Second Joint of antenna, mnch less than half the length of 
1). Next to last joint of tarsi bilobed. 
Kb. Next to last joint cylindrical. 



1358 



FAMILY LXIV. MEL0ID2E. 



c. Front femora with a silken, hairy spot on the under side; second 
joint of antenna very short ; mandibles short. VI Epicauta 
oc. Front femora without a silken, hairy spot. 

d. Antenna filiform, the outer joints cylindrical. VII Pyrota 
dd. Antennae thicker toward apex, the enter joints oval or rounded' 
e. Labruni deeply emarginate. VIII. Pomphopce," 

ee. Labrnm slightly emarginate. Cantharis' 

V. Macrobasis Lec ; 1862. (Gr., "long + a base.") 
Our species of this genus are elongate, subcylindrical, black 
beetles clothed with gray pubescence and having the first joint of 
antennae of male elongate and the second joint always more than 
half the length of third ; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular and 
obliquely truncate; front thighs with spot of pubescence as in Epi- 
cauta, to which the genus is very closely related. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF MACROBASIS. 

a. First joint of antenna unlike in the sexes, that of the male being much 
thickened and longer than the next two; second joint of male equal 
to third and fourth together ; length not over 15 mm 
b - FiTSt joiut of maIe antenna more or less S-shaped or with a distinct 
smuation on under side near apex; front tibia of male with one 
terminal spur. - in 
,i p. ,.. , ' 2ol9. TORSA. 

M>. First- joint of male antennae not sinuate or S-shaped. but slightly flat- 
tened and feebly curved; front tibiae of male with two spurs 
c. Pubescence less dense, ash-gray; basal joint of male antenna longer 
and wider, reaching the occiput; femora without long hairs be- 
hind in either sex. 252a rai 

cc. Pubescence more dense and with a distinct yellowish tinge; basal 
joint of male antennae not reaching the occiput; femora of male 
especially the hind ones, clothed with long hairs on their hinder 
margin. OPC<>1 

„„ ti • 2521. FLAVOCIXERErs. 

aa. First joint of antenme similar in the sexes and not in either sex longer 
than the next two; second joint in both sexes not longer than third- 
length 13-23 mm. 9 ™ 

JoJJ. IMMACULATA. 

2519 (8060). Macrobasis torsa Lec. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci VI 1853 
343. " ' ' 

Elongate, slender. Black, sparsely clothed with short, gravish pubes- 
cence; antennae and legs black. Thorax slightly broader than 'long sides 

Zr/^T 1 Cm " Yed ^ ^ mediaU Kne im P^- Elytra subparallel. 
moie oi less prumose, moderately punctured. Male with second joint of 
antenna cylindrical, compressed, and with first joint of front tarsi ' shorter 
than second, narrow at base and more or less dilated. Female with second 
joint of antenna slightly longer than third. Length 11-15 mm 

Crawford County; rare. June 11. Known heretofore onlv from 
Texas. Easily distinguished from unieolor by the contorted first 
joint of male antennae. 



THE OH, AND BLISTER BEETLES. 



1359 




2520 (8061). Macbobasis unicolob Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., 1837, - . 

E -Ion g a t e. snbcylindricai. Black, rather 
densely clothed with grayish hairs which give 
an ashen hue to the upper surface. Thorax 
slightly longer than broach otherwise as mtorsa.n 
Second joint of male antennae slightly longer H 
than the next two and nearly twice as wide; mH 
female one-half longer than third. Length 8- \X 
15 mm. (Fig. 590.) H *~ 

Throughout the State, frequent; more \\ 
so in the northern counties. May 21-Au- t\ 
gust 6. Commonly known as the "ash- \) 
gray blister beetle" and occurs on false in- 
dieo Kentucky coffee tree and other Flg . 590 . Female beetle x 2, an- 

LUgO, i^uuiL ■ t enna of male much enlarged. (After 

legumes ; also on potatoes and lromveecl, it Chittendenin Bu ii. 43, u.s. Div. Ent.) 
and one or two species of Epicauta being 

among the few living creatures which will attack the leaves of the 
last-named plant. 

9Fyri ( ) MACBOBASIS FLAVOCINEREIJS sp. 110V. 

S ightly narrower and more parallel than unicolor. Pubescence yeh 
iowi^grj Second Joint of male antenna, shorter and 
than the next two; of female scarcely longer than third. Maxtllarj palp. 

, longer and stouter than in unieolo, AH the femora of male ami es- 
pecially the hind one,, with a fringe of long hairs on the hind maigins, the 
hairs curved near Hps. Length 12-13 mm. 

Starke County; rare. July 1. Very distinct from umcolor m 
the form of antennal joints and pubescence of femora ot male. 
2522 (S068). Macrobasis immacoiata Say. Jouru. Phil. Acad. Nat Set. 

Ill 1S24. 304; ibid. II, 170. . 
Elongate male rather robust. Black, densely clothed with yellow.sh 
„r Jay Z pubescence. Thorax slightly longer than wide, otherwise as n 
^ Elvtra gradually broader behind the middle, especially so m male 
r : £ of male antenme less than half the length of head , ^« 
shorter than third. Female with second joint as long as ot 
than third and the first more slender than m male. Length 13-3 mm. 

' Southern half of State ; scarce. -May 24-August 2. Occurs on 
o-oldenrod and wild morning-glory. 

Tetramyx qimdrimacMa Fab., head black, elytra yellowish, 
apical third and large humeral spot black, length 10 mm , * known 
from Georgia and North Carolina, and may occur m southern 
Indiana. 

VI Epicauta Redt. 1819. (Gr., "upon -burn.") 
The members of this genus closely resemble those of Xaerobam 
in form and are separated only by the difference in the basal joints 
[86—28402] 



1360 



FAMILY LXIV. — MELOIDJE. 




Fig. 591. (After Forbes.) 



of the antenna. The first joint is usually shorter, rarely equal to, 

and never longer than the third, 
and the second joint is never 
greater in length than half the 
third. Epicauta vittata and E. 
marginata (Fig. 591), are both 
known as "old-fashioned potato 
bugs, " and frequently appear in 
swarms in late summer and 
sweep through a garden or field 
before the farmer realizes the 
nature of the attack. They es- 
pecially favor beets and certain 
Composite when in flower. As 
a rule they disappear as sud- 
denly as they come, some species 
being found in swarms on one 
day only. Others remain a week 
or two and are then best gathered into kerosene pans, if at all pos- 
sible. The arsenites kill them slowly, and a swarm that feeds for 
a day or two before application is made and a day or two before 
the specimens die has done about as much injury as would have 
been caused without treatment of any kind. Driving them off with 
bushes wielded by hand is sometimes practiced with fair success and 
may be resorted to when circumstances favor the method." Six 
species of the genus have been taken in the State, while one other 
may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EPICAUTA 

a. Antenna! joints of equal thickness throughout, cylindrical and closely 
united; eyes nearly as wide as long, feebly or not einarginate in 
front. 

1). Head less densely punctured than thorax, usually brick red behind 
the eyes. ' okoo 

J 2523. TKICHRUS. 

hh. Head and thorax similarly punctured, the former always black ; ely- 
tra clothed with dense gray or grayish-yellow pubescence, 
c. Thorax longer than wide, densely pubescent with a dark line each 
side of middle. sthigosa. 
cc. Thorax as wide as long, moderately shining, rather coarsely and 
densely punctured. 2524. fereuginea. 

an. Antennal joints on apical half always more slender, loosely united and 
more or less compressed; eyes always longer than wide! einarginate 
in front, more finely granulate and less prominent than in those pre- 
ceding. 

d. Elytra clay yellow, each with two black stripes. 2525. vittata. 



THE OIL AND BUSTER BEETLES. 



1361 



dd. Elytra black without stripes on disk. 

e. Body beneath clothed with gray pubescence, elytra 1 
wholly gray-pubescent. 

Elytra wholly clothed with uniform gray pubescetu* 

ff! Elytra black, the narrow margins and suture fjjff^^ 

e . Body above and beneath wholly black; ^^2^SS 
the outer one broader. 

f«079) Epicauta tbichbus Pall., Icon. Ins., 1798, 100. 
■"Si subcytiudrical. tg^^J^JZ 
dense. recumbent, black or gn,y pubescen the ^ the eyes 

ginal stripe and rare y a sut a lime on elyt in front. 

than female. Length 8-11 mm. 

Wout the State 5 scarce June 3-Angnst 4. Occu. = - 

ally on t ,e -^teS^^=«^ 
S S3 ^ • out tire « punctua- 

tion of head and thorax will at once distinguish them, 
tion 0^ head usim lly with two black spots and elytra 

each black lines^gth 7-10 ,bul. is said to occur front 

"Pennsylvania to Georgia." 



2524 (8082). 



Phil. 



Epicauta februginea Say. Journ 
1824, 29S ; ibid. II, 167. 

-. t>i*„v pivtrn densely clothed 

Elongate, slender. black, eiyua ueu j 

wi th g ravish or clay-yellow hair. Head shming. 
thei- sparsely and finely punctured. Thorax slight- 
vide than long, coarsely but not densely punc- 
tured. Elytra finely granulate-punctate, the sculp- 
ture almost hidden by the pubescence. Length 4- 
9 mm. 

Knox County : rare. July 10. 
is given as Dakota to New Mexico. 



Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 



Its range 



Syst. Ent., 



Under sur- 



2525 (S093). Epicauta vittata Fab. 
1798, 260. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. 
face black, densely clothed with short, pros rate 
hairs; head, thorax and elytra dull clay-yellow, 
each with two black stripes. Head broader than 
thorax, the latter longer than wide. Length 1-- 
18 mm. (Fig. 592.) 




Fig. 592. Line shows natural 
length. (After Forbes.) 



1362 



FAMILY LXIV. MELOID/E. 



Throughout the State; common, but apparently much less so 
than a score of years ago. June 11- July 20. The best known of 
the old-fashioned potato bugs, ' ' or blister beetles. Feeds on toma- 
toes, potatoes and various weeds in low grounds. The writer's 
father, H. S. Blatchley, of Bainbridge, Indiana, always raised a 
great many potatoes, which each season were more or less damaged 
by these beetles. On one occasion, after sprinkling with London 
purple and trampling and mashing five bushels, more or less, of the 
beetles into the ground, he wrote of his experience as follows : " On 
the next day, for every one that had been killed a dozen had come 
to their funerals. A dashing rain having washed the poison from 
the vines, the bugs went for them again and not until after they 
had devoured the last leaf and sucked the juice from the stalks 
did they leave for greener pastures. I have heard some people hint 
m a sly kind of way, as though they were fearful of offending some 
august personage, that these blister beetles were the devil's own. 
This I have come to believe, and 

"It's my firm conviction and it makes me free to say 

That we're indebted for their visits to 'Old Scratch.' 

I judge from observation that from every egg they lay 
A dozen little blister beetles hatch. 

If ever they should visit you, you'll find they've come to stay, 

And there's nothing that their greediness can match. 
If you undertake to hustle 'em it's 'possum they will play. 

And a bushel in a minute you can catch. 
The devil take his tater bugs, if I could have my way. 

I'd tumble into Tophet the whole batch. 
If such a blistering avalanche old Satan should dismay, 

He probably would hump himself and scratch." 

2526 (8097). Epicauta cixekea Forst, Nov. Spec- 
Ins., 1771, 62. 
Elongate, rather robust. Black, uniformly 
clothed with gray pubescence. Head and thorax 
densely and finely punctured. Elytra finely granu- 
late-punctate. Length 10-17 mm. (Fig. 593.) 

Vigo County; scarce. September 22. 
Known as the "gray blister beetle." 




2527 ( 



-) 



Epicauta maeginata Fab., Syst. Ent., 
1775, 260. 

Elongate, robust. Black ; head and sides of tho- 
rax densely clothed with gray pubescence, the lat- 
ter with a large triangular discal space black, this 
divided by a gray median impressed line. Color of 
elytra given in key. Sculpture of upper surface as in cinerea. Length 12- 
17 mm. (Fig. 591.) 



Fig. 593. (After Chittenden in 
Bull. 43, U. S. Div. Ent.) 



THE OIL AND BLISTER BEETLES. 



1363 




Throughout the State, common; more so 
in the southern counties. July 1-September 
18. Known as the 1 ' margined blister beetle, 
and occurs especially on Clematis, but also on 
beets, tomatoes, etc., and in later years seems 
to have taken the place of vittata. 
2528 (8104) . Epicauta Pennsylvania DeG., Mem., 
V, 1775, 15. 

Elongate, slender. Uniform black, opaque, 

clothed with fine, short, prostrate black hairs. Tho 

rax quadrate, the front angles rounded; surface (as 

well as that of head and elytra) finely and densely J 

punctate and with an impressed median line. Length ^ ^ u & ^ Ent) 

7-13 mm. (Fig. 594.) 

Throughout the State; common. August 19-October 9. Occurs 
especially on goldenrod (Solidago), also on thoroughwort and rare- 
ly, with 'the preceding, on ironweed. It is essentially an autumn in- 
sect, as the above dates will show. 

VII. Pyrota Lec. 1862. (Gr., "fire.") 
This genus is separated from its allies by the form of the ^ 
tennal ioints which are all slender and cylindrical; the second 
S£S ^one-fourth the length of third. ^ h 

last joint of maxillary palpi transversely oval, with the uuder «de 
concave; in the female it is elongate and truncate at tip. In the 
former sex the last ventral segment is notched. 

2529 (8109). Pyrota »«uuwi Lec. JoW Phil. Acad. Nat. Set. t. 

1847, 91. , , . 

, ,• n null vellow ; antennae, tiblse ana tarsi, 
Elongate, robust, subcylmdr.cal. Dull yellow 

Ulnd angles of head and six spots on ^^'^^ the former 
wide black bars, tbe front and ^^SSiS^ under sur- 
composed of two oblong black .pot, . w h eh ^ than 
(ac e in part ^^^;^^Lut, Elytra each with 
P ^ ffi very finely and deusely punctate. Length 

-17-2Q mm. 9f| mi 

' Starke and Wells counties; scarce. August 15-August 20. The 

spo roftlori « ranged one on each side of middle of disk on 
Tit v n front of each of th.se on the sides and two ^« 
margin. Its range has heretofore been recorded as Missouri 



Texas, 



1364 



FAMILY LXV. RHIPIPHORIM. 



VIII. Pomphopcea Lec. 1862. (Gr., "a blister.") 
The only characters separating this genus from Pyrota and Can- 
thans are those set forth in the key. One of the five species occurs 
in the State. 

2530 (8124). Pomphopgea ^enea Say, Jonrn. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci III 
1824, 301 ; ibid. II, 168. 
Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Under surface, head and thorax 
greenish, rather thickly clothed with long gray hairs; elytra bronzed and 
with a few short, scattered hairs; antennas black; legs reddish-yellow, the 
knees and trochantins black. Upper surface alutaceous, the head and tho- 
rax sparsely, irregularly and rather finely punctured. Thorax bell-shaped 
and with distinct median impressed line. Elytra finely rugose, not dis- 
tinctly punctate. Front tibiae of male straight and with two spurs; hind 
tibial spurs unequal, the outer broader. Length 10-16 mm. 

Putnam and Vigo counties; rare. 
April 20-May 4. Occurs on blossoms of 
apple, pear, etc. 

P. sayi Lec. (Fig. 595), length 15-18 
mm., and P. unguicularis Lec, length 
18-20 mm., were both described from 
Illinois and may occur in Indiana. Ac- 
cording to the descriptions, they differ 
very slightly from cenea, the elytra being 
glabrous and the legs more or less blue- 
black In unguicularis the hind tibia? of 
male are dilated toward apex and 
Fig. 590. Pomphopcea Sayi x 2| stron gl.Y compressed, while in sayi the 

(After Chittenden in Bull. 38, U. S. Div! tibige are normal 

Family LXV. RHIPIPHORID^E. 

The Rhipiphorid Beetles, 

A small family of wedge-shaped beetles resembling the Mordel- 
li(ta closely in general appearance, but having the sides of thorax 
without a sharp edge; hind body not terminating in a spinous 
process as in most Mordellids ; elytra usually shorter than the abdo- 
men and narrowed behind, with the inner wings longer and usually 
more or less projecting; antenna- pectinate or fan-shaped in the 
males, frequently serrate in the females. The adults occur on 
flowers and are much less common than the Mordellids. The larvae 
that are known are parasitic, some in the nests of wasps and others 
on cockroaches. 

In addition to the general characters mentioned, the Rhipiphori- 
dse have the head vertical, the neck very slender and entirely im- 




THE RHIPIPHORID BEETLES. 



1 llc „ iq ii v vpi'v finely granulated; 
me rsed in the thorax; eyes large, usv aU 5 J 

ffliform ; antenna to Er0 nt . abdomen 

rax as wide as the elytra at oasc, 

with a variable number of free^entra ***** ; ^."o^ 
conical, without trochantins, the cavities open behind, ™ 
transverse, lamellate, contiguous; claws pectinate or toothed, rarely 

^'onlv about twenty-five species of the family are known from 
, * • TW are treated in the following- works ; 

United States," &i Proe. Phil. Acad Nat. Sei. 1865, 9b 9» 
//,,,•„.■ "Notes on the species ^/^orus of the United 

States " in Trans. Amer. But. Soc, V, 18/5, 121-1^. 
, ( ^' "Hyuoptiea, tab.e ^^^^ 

;„ Trans Amer. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, 210-21Z. 
H ;:3'Synoptic table of Myodites,'' in Trans. Amer. Bnt. 

Bvtconfd 8 Hoi 8 'the family is separated into four tribes 
* h five eenera Members of hut two genera have as yet 
SrSen S^ngh single specie, of each of two others 

probably occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF RHIPIPHORID^. 

, Elytra as long as the abdomen, not separated toward 
feebly emarginate. 
Elytra shorter than the abdomen. 

6 ' f "InuTeovSea t a lobe of be base of thorax ; etytra not much 
°- ^"rthan abdomen; middle cox, almost 

oe. Scutenum not covered by the thorax: elytra very small; — 
cox* widely larviform , witbcmt elytra and wings 

«*• MOTtu organS a * the croton bug. BMeto germane L.) 

(species parasitic upon the ciuton s, Rhipidics. 

Peleootoma Fisch. 1809. (Or., "ax 4 to cut like. ") 
The single species of this genus, P. flavipes MeM i = s in the 
eastern United States and has been taken at Cincinnati. 

with antenna,, palpi and legs yellowish, length do mm. 

Tn.-u 1709 (Civ "a fan + bearing.") 
I Rhipiphorus Fab. v ^i.. 

Rather small, wedge-shaped forms having the 
nate in males, serrate in females; elytra pointed behind and sepa 



a a 



1366 



FAMILY LXV. RHIPIPHORID^. 



rated along the suture; tarsal elaws bifid at tip. The larva; are 
Parasitic 011 the young of wasps. Four of the eight recognized spe- 
cies have been taken in Indiana, while three others may occur. 

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EHIPIPHOKLS. 

fl. Front coxw not separated by the presternum. 

''• Pront tarsi of male spinulose beneath : elytra very acute 

o. Basal lobe of thorax with a strong elevation ;' male elytra wholly 
yellow, the abdomen black ; female elytra yellow, tipped with 
black, abdomen red. 
r.r. T 1 i n , flavipexxis. 

cc. Basa lobe of thorax transversely notched at tip: elytra of male 
yellow with black margins and tips; of female yellow with apical 
third black. _ _, 1 

bb. front coxae of male with three joints pubescent beneath 

<f. Second joint of hind tarsi shorter than third and flat above 

r. Basal lobe of thorax with an obtuse elevation and a deep pit 
each side: elytra brownish-black at base. bieoveattis 
ce. Basal lobe of thorax not elevated, its surface regularly convex • 
punctures of metasternum separated by at least their own 
diameters : color variable. 2532 fectinatus 

Second joint of hind tarsi longer than third, subcylindrical ; lobe 
of thorax neither carinate nor notched. 9533 cbtjentus 

aa. Front coxae separated in nearly their entire length by the slender process 
of prosternum. 

/. Second joint of hind tarsi longer than half the third and not flattened 

above; piceous, iridescent. 
ff. Second joint of hind tarsi shorter than half the third and fl^utened- 
head and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter with black oval spot. 

2534. L1MBATUS. 

2531 (8174). Rhipiphobus dimidiatus Fab.. Spec. Ins.. I. 1781 332 

rnrif^f ■ el '; t 1 1 ' a i Pale yellow with ^ and sometimes the outer and su- 
tu al margins black in male: apical third black in female: antennae of male 
pale yellow: of female piceous, the two basal joints reddish. Thorax with- 
out apical impression, the hind lobe emarginate : surface coarsely and dense- 

Z^TtU 1 T^l^; PmiCtUred - narrower and very 

acute at tip. Length 5-9 mm. 

Vigo, Knox and Gibson counties; scarce. July 10-August 11 
Occurs especially on the flowers of the narrow-leaved mountain 
mint Pycnanthemum Unifolium Pursh. The male is evidently rare 
as but one of the ten specimens at hand is of that sex. 

2532 (8177). Rhipiphobus pectinatus Fab.. Syst. Ent.. 1798. 263. 

Color exceedingly variable, ranging from body entirely black, except 
a reddish abdomen. .to black with thorax and elytra reddish-yellow an- 
tenna* ot male usually reddish with the branches black; those of female 
clack with two basal joints reddish. Structural characters as given in key 
Length 4-7.5 mm. 



THE RHIPlPHOBtD BEETLES. 



1367 



Lake, Pulton and Putnam counties ; scarce. July 4-July 31. A 
single female of var. tristis Fab., wholly black, was taken m 1 ut- 
nam County, July 25. 

2533 (8178) Rhipiphobus cruentus Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, 168. 

Color variable; in typical cruentus, body and legs entirely black; ely- 
tra red, apex and narrow basal margin black; antenna, and abdomen > black, 
be lat er very rarely red (male), abdomen red. very rarely back (fe- 
male) -in var. rufus Lee body above, beneath and legs redd.sb-yellow an- 
"nni black with pale basal Joint. Elytra contiguous for nearly ba t t b 
Length, then obliquely narrowed, not acuminate at hps. Length 5-7.5 mm. 

Perry Comity; rare. June 17. Our only species having the 
second joint of hind tarsi longer than third. A member of the 
Austroriparian fauna. 

2534 (8179) Rhipiphouus mm bates Fab., Ent. Syst, II, 1708, 112. 

Head thorax, under surface, femora and middle and hind tibi* red- 
dish-yellow thorax with an oval black spot on disk; elytra either wholly 
bai or pale yellow with the margins and suture black; antenna, except 
Ttw: h-Uoints. tarsi and front tibiae, black. Vertex smooth ^onves 
Thorax with hind angles and basal lobe much prol onged, the , lat tm not 
notched at tip; surface sparsely and shallowly punctate. Length 6-10 mm. 

Southern two-thirds of State; scarce. July 10-August 17 Oc- 
curs on flowers of various Gomposiim. The top of head and sides of 
meso- and metasterna are often black. 

R. fiavipennis Lee, length 7.5-10 mm., is known from Pennsyl- 
vania, Georgia, Illinois and westward; It. bifoveatas Horn black, 
elytra brownish, darker at base, with small pale spot one-fourth 
from humerus, length 11 mm, was described from Illinois; K, line- 
aris Lee, linear, length 4 mm., was described from Kentucky. 

II. Myodites Latr. 1819. (Or, "like a mouse.") 
Wedge-shaped species having the elytra very short, wings not 
folded; antenna* fan-like in both sexes. They occur on the flowers 
of goldenrod and other Composite in August and September. One 
species is known from the State. 

2535 (8187). Myodites easciatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. So!., HI, 
1824, 274 ; ibid. II, 162. 

Black, feebly shining; legs and elytra yellow, the latter with base and 
spot near apex fuscous. Vertex prominent with a median carina Thorax 
conical with a median impressed line; surface, as well as hat of head 
finely ami densely punctate. Elytra one-third the length ot abdomen, wnleh 
separated, sparsely punctate. Length 4-6 mm. 

One specimen in Webster collection labeled "Ind." Taken by 
Dury near Cincinnati ; also known from Illinois and Pennsylvania. 



1368 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



It will be seen that, exclusive of the Rhynchophora, 2,535 species 
of Coleoptera are known to have been taken within the bounds of 
Indiana. In addition, 777 species have a known range which ren- 
ders it probable that they may also occur within the State. These 
have been included in the keys and, in most instances, brief men- 
tion has been made in the body of the text of their color, length and 
range. They can, therefore, for the most part, be readily identified 
by future collectors. 

While the number of species which may occur but have not 
been taken may seem very large, it must be remembered that no 
continuous collecting by trained coleopterists has been done, but 
only such species taken as time and opportunity afforded during 
the intervals from other work. It is very probable that two or 
three seasons devoted solely to collecting would raise the number 
of species, aside from the Rhynchophora, to more than 3,000. 

The following table of families shows the number of species of 
each which are known to occur, and are therefore listed and de- 
scribed; also the number of species of each family which are in- 
cluded in the keys as being of probable occurrence within the State. 
The forms listed as varieties are not included : 

No. of Species No. of Species of 

Family. Known to Occur. Pro o able Occurrence, 

I. Cicindelida? ig 1 

II. Carabidse 366 75 

III. Haliplidte 10 j 

IV. Dytiseidse 70 23 

V. Gyrinidse 15 4 

VI. Hydrophilidfe 54 14 

VII. Leptinidse 1 

VIII. Silphidai 35 17 

IX. Scydmfenidffi 21 19 

X. Pselaphidae 41 42 _ 

XI. Staphylinidre 304 119 

XII. Trickopterygidre 8 ]2 

XIII. Scaphidiid?e 13 5 

XIV. Phalacridas 9 2 

XV. Cbrylophidae 8 9 

XVI. Ooccinellidre 49 4 

XVII. Endomychidre 10 2 

XVIII. Erotylidse 22 4 

XIX. Colydidse 14 10 

XX. Rkyssodidse 2 

XXI. Cucujidse 17 8 



STATISTICS OF FAMILIES. 



1369 



No. of Species No. of Species of 
Family. Known to Occur. ProoaMe Occurred 
XXII. Cryptophagidai . 2o ^ 

XXIII. Mycetophagidse • • 2 

XXIV. Dermest-idse - g 

XXV. Histeridae 10 

XXVI. Nitidulidse 17 

XXVII. Lathridiidse g 

XXVIII. Tragositldse 4 

XXIX. Monotomidae ' Q 

XXX. Derodontidse Q 

XXXI. Byrrhidse 

XXXII. Georyssidse 10 

XXXIII. Parnidai 2 

XXXIV. Heteroceridse ' 1Q 

XXXV. Dascyllidse 

XXXVI. Rhipiceridse 35 

XXXVII. Elateridae 2 

XXXVIII. Throscidse 17 

XXXIX. Buprestidse ^ g 

XL. Lampyridse ° 2 

XLI. Malachiidse * 1Q 

XML Clerida? 25 

XLI II. Ptinidae • 2 

XLIV. Bostrichidse ~ 

XLV. Gupesidse x 

XLVI. Lymexylonidae 

XLVII. Cioidae 2 

XLVIII. Sphindidse ~ 

XLIX. Lucanidee 31 

L. Scarabseidse ™ 

LI. Spondylidse • G4 

LII. Cerainbycidae ^ 47 

LIIL Chyysomelida- 2 ^ 5 

LIV. Brucbidae _ 14 

LV. Tenebrionidae 0w Q 

LVI. Cistelidae 2o Q 

LVII. Lagriida- n 

LVIII. Melandryidae 2 j| x 

LIX. Pytbidae . . m 1 

LX. (Edenieridae ° 21 

LXI. Mordellidae ^5 n 

LXIL Antbicidae Q 

LXIII. Pyrocbroidae 9 

LXIV. Meloidae _ 4 

LXV. Rbipipboridae s 5 

Totals Z - Dd0 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN TEXT.* 



Abbreviated.— Cut short; not of usual length 

1^1," ° r Mndm ° St diViSi ° n ° f the insect -e page IS. 

Abdominal.— Belonging or pertaining to the abdomen 

Aberrant.— Unusual ; out of the ordinary course 

~^ZT Ure deVel ° Ped S ° aS t0 bG Unfit f0r its ™1 f ^tion- 
Aoiupt. Suddenly or without gradation. 

Accessory.— Added, or in addition to. 
Ac^tor.-Needle-shaped; with a long, slender point 
Aciculate.-A surface that appears as if scratched with a needle 
Acuminate. — Tapering to a long point. 
Acute.— Pointed. 

Adult.-The stage when an insect is sexually mature and ready to repro- 
duce normally. 1 
Mneous. — Shining bronze or brassy. 

Alleahanian faunal area.-Thzt part of the Transition life zone comprising 
the greater part of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan 
Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Alleghanies from Pennsylvania to 

AlutnrT° r81 V alS ° a Part ° f tbe n ° rthern mixls of Illdia » a and Illinois. 
Alutaceous.-Covered with very minute cracks or wrinkles 

Ambulatorial ^.-Specialized hairs or bristles situated' on the ventral 

segments of the abdomen of some beetles. 
Angulate.-Fovmmg an angle; when two margins meet in an angle 
Annulate.— Ringed or marked with colored bands. 
Ante.— Betore ; used as a prefix. 

Antenna; pi, Antennw.-Two jointed, sensory organs, borne, one on each 
side of the head, commonly termed horns or feelers ; see page 11 

teT^T^^ " WhiCh the — ™ heated or concealed. 
Apex.-^t part of any joint or segment opposite the base by which it is 
attached. 

Apical— At, near or pertaining to the apex 

Appendiculate.-^vmg appendages; said of tarsal claws that have proc- 
esses at base. 1 
Appressed.— Closely applied to. 
Apterous.— Without wings. 
Aquatic. — Living wholly in water. 
Arcuate.— Curved like a bow. 
Attenuated.— -Drawn out ; slender ; tapering 

Austroriparian faunal arL-That part of "he Bower Austral life zone cov- 
ering the greater part of the South Atlantic and Gulf States It ex 

S2r:r h „ e f zrr ird of Indiana ' mMng tt& c ~» 

(1370) 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 



1371 



Band.— A transverse marking broader than a line. 
Bar— A short, straight hand of equal width. 

Basal— At or pertaining to the base or point of attachment to or nearest 
the main body. 

Base— That part of any appendage which is nearest the body; on the tho- 
rax that portion nearest the abdomen; on the abdomen that portion 
nearest the thorax. 

Beak.— Any notable prolongation of the front of the head. 

Bicolored.— With two colors that contrast to some extent. 

Bidentate — Two-toothed. 

Bifid —Divided into two parts ; split. , . ' . + 

Bipectinate.-Antennx having comb-like processes on each side of each joint 
Boreal,— From or belonging to the north. 

Sorer.-Applied to an insect or larva that burrows or makes channels m 

woody or other vegetable tissue. 
Brassy.— Yellow, with the lustre of metallic brass. 
Bristle.— A stiff hair, usually short and blunt. 
Bronze. — The color of old brass. 

Canaliculate.— Channelled; longitudinally grooved. 
Capillary.— Long and slender like a hair. 

Carina; pi., Carinw.-An elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or 
acute. 

Carinate.—A surface having carina?. 

Carnivorous.— A feeder upon flesh food. _ 
Carolinian faunal area.-Thzt area of the Upper Austral life zone, includ- 
ing nearly all of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Maryland 
and Delaware; more than half of West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennes- 
see and New Jersey and large areas in Alabama, Georgia, the Caro- 
linas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan and South On- 
tario. 

Cartilaginous.— Of the consistency of cartilage or gristle. 

Chelate.— Bering a chela or claw; applied when claws are capable of being 

drawn down or back upon the last tarsal joint. 
Cnitin ,_The material forming the hard parts of the insect body. 
Cicatrix.— A scar ; an elevated, rigid spot. 

Ciliate.— Fringed; set with even, parallel hairs or soft bristles. 
Cinereous.— Ash-colored ; gray tinged with blackish. 

Claivs.— The claw or hook-like structure at the end of the foot or tarsus. 
Cleft.— Split; partly divided, longitudinally. 

Clypeusr- That portion of the head before or below the front, to which the 

labrum is attached ; see page 9. 
Coadaptcd.— Formed so as to work together to one end. 

Common.— Of frequent occurrence; occurring on two adjacent parts; a band 

or fascia is common where it crosses both elytra. 
Concave. — Hollowed out. 

Confmed .—K marking with indefinite outlines ; a running together as ot 

lines and spots without definite pattern. 
Conical.— Cylindrical, with a flat base, tapering to a point. 
Connate .—United at base, or along the whole length. 



1372 



INDTANA COLEOPTERA. 



Contiguous.— So near together as to touch. 

Contracted.— To draw or drawn together; to reduce, or reduced in size bv 

contraction. 
Cordate. —Heart-shaped. 
Cordiform. — Cordate. 

Coriaceous.— Leather-like ; thick, tough and somewhat rigid. 
Corneous. — Resembling horn in texture. 
Costa.— Any elevated ridge that is rounded at its crest. 
Coxa; pi., Coxw.—The basal segment of the leg, by means of which it is 
articulated to the body. 

Coxal cavity.— The opening or space in which the coxa articulates- see 
page 15. 

Crenate.— Scalloped, with rounded teeth. 

Crenulate.— With small scallops, evenly rounded and rather deeply curved 
Crest. A prominent longitudinal carina on the upper surface of any part 

of the head or body. 
Cupreous.— The metallic red of pure shining copper. 

Cylindrical.-^ the form of a cylinder or tube; round, elongate, of equal 
diameter throughout. 

Deflected,— Bent downward. 
Deflesced.— Abruptly bent downward. 
Dehiscent. — Separating toward the tips. 
Dense.— Thickly crowded together. 

Dentate.— Toothed; with acute teeth, the sides of which are equal and the 

tip is above the middle of base. 
Denticle. — A small tooth. 

Depressed.— Flattened down vertically; opposed to compressed. 
Di. — As a prefix == two. 
Dilated. — Widened, expanded. 

Disk.— The central upper surface of any part; all the area within a margin. 
Distant—Remote from ; standing considerably apart. 
Diurnal. Such insects as are active or habitually fly by day only. 
Divaricate.— Spreading apart; tarsal claws when arising at opposite sides 

of the joint and separating widely. 
Divergent.— Spreading out from a common base; tarsal claws when they 

spread out only a little. 
Dorsal.— Of or belonging to the upper surface. 
DusJcy. Somewhat darkened ; pale fuscous. 

Elliptical— Oblong-oval, the ends equally rounded. 

Elongate.— Drawn out ; lengthened ; much longer than wide. 

Elytra.— See page 15. 

Elytron.— Singular of elytra. 

Entire. — With an even, unbroken margin. 

Epimeron; pi., Epimera.—See page 14. 

Epipleura; pi., Epipleurw.— The deiiexed or inflexed portions of the elytra 

immediately beneath the edge. 
Episternum. — See page 14. 
Equal. — Of the same length, size or shape. 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 



1373 



^.-Standing upright; not necessarily perpendicular. 
descent-Disappearing ; becoming gradually less. 
Evident.— Easily seen or recognized. 
Expanded.— Spread or flattened out. 

2»a*e.-'Spread out and flattened; applied to a margin. 
Ewserted.— Protruded ; projecting beyond the body. _ 
Samde.-To ooze or flow slowly through minute openings. 
Facet.-A small face or surface; one of the parts, areas or lens-like di- 
visions of the compound eye. «ereeine 

"„« n« «- ««» • »»■»•«• »« Indicated WW 

termination idee. hnt i, 
P(( **,.-A transverse band or broad line ; it is common when it dosses botb 

wings or wing covers. 
Fauna — The assemblage of animals inhabiting a region or country. 
Femur; pi., Femora.— The thigh ; see page 17. 

szsn^ssrs. — - -r — thronshout 

FiMforwk— Thread-like; slender and of equal diameter. 

2?Ja&eWafe.-With long, flat processes folding like a fan. 

Flavo-testaceous.—Ught yellow-brown. 

W^.-^ry long, slender surface hairs set m 

Fossorial -Formed for or with the habit of digging or burrow mg. 

Spl., Forec-A shallow depression with well marked sides; a pit. 

Wraaile— Easily breakable; thin and brittle. 

£ el-Unrestricted in movement; not firmly Joined with or united to any 
other part. 

/(Yo ^_The anterior portion of head; see page 8. 
F^s.-Tawny ; light brown with much yellow. 
Funicle.-The joints between the scape and club m elbowed antenna. 
Fuscous. — Dark brown, approaching black. 
Fwsi/o^i.-Spindle-shaped; tapering gradually to each end. 

Genu; pL, Gen«,-The cheeks; includes that portion of the head on each 
side below the eyes, and extends to the gular suture. 

Gemc^af e.-Elbowed; abruptly bent in an obtuse ^ 

Oenus.-An assemblage of species agreeing in some one cha actei 01 senes 
of characters; usually considered as arbitrary and opmionative. 

Glahrous.— Smooth ; free from all vestiture. 

GJcmc^.-Shining sea-green; whitish-blue inclining to gray lavender. 
Globose.— Formed like a globe or sphere. 
Granulated.— Covered with small grains. 
Orartule.—A little grain or grain-like elevation. 
Gregarious.-l.ivmg in societies or communities; but not social. 
rr ; W o_ L ight gray; a mixture of white and black. 

~-A dWon of classification used indefinitely for a series of allied 

secies genera or larger assemblages. 
Gular Zure^eline of division between the gula or throat and the gen* 

or cheeks. 



1374 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



Habitat.— The region or place which an insect inhabits 

Head.— See page S. 

Hemi. — As a prefix means half. 

Herbivorous.— Weeding upon plant tissue ; a leaf feeder. 
Setero.— As a prefix, unequal ; different from. 
Heterogeneous.— A mixture of different forms ; abnormal 
Heteromera.-Goleontem in which the front and middle tarsi are 5-jointed 
and the hind ones 4-jointed. 

Hibernate^ pass the winter in a dormant condition; usually applied to 
the imago. 

Hirsute.— Clothed with long, strong hair ; shaggy. 
Hispid,.— Bristly ; sparsely set with short, stiff hair. 
Hoary.— Covered with a fine, white, silvery pubescence ; pruinose 
Homogeneous.— Ol the same kind or nature; similar in texture o- parrs 
Humeral.— Relating to the shoulder or humerus. 
Humeral angle.— In Coleoptera the outer front angle of elytra 
Humeral carina.-An elevated ridge or keel on the outer front angle of 
elytra. 

Humerus; pi., Humeri.— The shoulder; the basal front angle of elytra. 

Imago.— The adult or sexually developed insect. 
Incised. — Notched or deeply cut into. 
Inferior.— Beneath, below or behind ; a term of position. 
Inflected.— Bent inward at an angle. 
Infra.— Below or beneath ; opposed to supra. 
Infuscated.— Smoky gray-brown, with a blackish tinge. 
Insectivorous.— Feeding upon or devouring insects. 
Insertion.— The point or place where a part is inserted. 
Interocular.— Between the eyes. 

Interrupted.— Broken in continuity, but with the tips of the broken parts 

in a right line with each other. 
Interval.- /The plane surface between the elytral stria?. 
Intricate.— Irregular; confused; applied to markings and sculpture 
Iridescent. A surface which reflects a play of changeable colors. 
Irregular.— Unequal, curved, bent or otherwise twisted or modified; without 

order or symmetry. 

Key.— A tabular or other arrangement of species, genera or other classifica- 
tion according to characters that serve to identify them. 
Knee.— The point of junction of femur and tibia. 
Labial.-^ Referring, pertaining or belonging to the labium. 
Labium. — The lower lip. 

Labrum.— The upper lip; covers the base of the mandibles and forms the 

roof of the mouth. 
Lamella, — A thin plate or leaf-like process. 
Lamdna; pi., Lamina.— A chitinous plate or plates. 
Laminate.— Formed of thin, flat layers or leaves. 
Lanceolate.— Lance- or spear-shaped ; oblong and tapering to the end. 
Larva; pi;, Larvw.— The second stage of insect development. 
Lateral,— Relating, pertaining or attached to the side. 
Leather ij.— Having the appearance or texture of leather. 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 



1375 



LUjula. — See page 10. 

Line, — a narrow streak or stripe. 

Linear— Straight; in the form of a right line. 

Lobe.— Any prominent, rounded process or excrescence on a margin. 
Longitudinal.— In the direction of the long axis. 
Lunule. — A Innate mark or crescent. 
Luteous. — Pale clay yellow. 

Maculate.— Spotted or marked with figures of any shape, of a color differing 

from the ground. 
Mandibles— The lateral upper jaws of a biting insect. 

Margin.— That portion of a surface within the edge, bounded on the inner 
side by the submargin and consisting of a more or less dilated imagi- 
nary line. 

Marginal— Of, belonging to or near the margin. 
Maxilla; pi.. Maxilla}.— See page 9. 

Maxillary palpi,— The first pair of palpi, borne on the maxilla. 
Membranous.— Thin, skin-like, semi-transparent, like parchment. 
Mentum. — See page 10. 
Mcso. — Middle. 

Mesosternal cavity.— In Elaterida?. the opening into which the prosternal 
spine is fitted. 

Mesosternal epimera.— The narrow pieces separating the mesosternal from 

the metasternal episterna. 
Mesosternal episterna.— On each side of the mesosternum between anterior 

border and epimera ; generally separated by a distinct suture. 
Mesosternum,— The under side or breast of the mesothorax. 
Mesothorax.— The second or middle thoracic ring; bears the middle legs and 

the front wings. 
M eta. — Posterior. 

Metallic.— Having the appearance of metal: applied to a surface or color. 
Met a thorax .—The third thoracic ring or segment; bears the hind legs and 

second pair of wings. 
MM.— Millimeter ; .001 meter = .039 of an inch ; roughly. 25 mm. are counted 

to an inch in measuring insects. 
Moniliform,— Beaded like a necklace. 
Mucronate. — Terminated in a sharp point. 
Muricate. — Armed with sharp, rigid points. 

Naked— Not clothed; lacking vestiture. 

Xcclc. The slender connecting suture between head and thorax of such in- 
sects as have the head free. 
Nocturna I. —Species that fly or are active at night. 
Normal. — Of the usual form or type. 
Notched. — Indented, cut or nicked; usually a margin. 

Obconic— Conic, with the apex pointing downward. 
Obcordate.— Inversely heart-shaped. 

Oblique. — Any direction between perpendicular and horizontal. 
Oblong. — Longer than broad. 

Obovate. — Inversely egg-shaped ; the narrow end downward. 
[87—23402] 



1376 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



Obscure. — Not readily seen; not well defined. 
Obsolete. — Nearly or entirely lost; inconspicuous. 

Obtuse. — Not pointed ; an angle greater than a right angle ; opposed to acute. 

Occiput. — That part of the head behind the vertex. 

Ocellus. — A simple eye. consisting of a- single convex or bead-like lens. 

Omnivorous. — A general feeder upon animal or vegetable food, or both. 

Opaque— Without lustre ; not transparent. 

Orbicular.- — Round and fiat. 

Outer margin.— The outer edge of wing, between apex and hind angle. 
Ovipositor. — The tubular or valved structure by means of which the eggs 
are placed ; usually concealed. 

Palpi. — Plural of palpus. 

Palpus.— A mouth feeler; tactile, usually jointed structures borne by the 

maxilla? (maxillary palpi) and labium (labial palpi). 
Pectinate. — Comb-shaped ; with even branches like the teeth of a comb. 
Penultimate.— : Next to the last. 

Perfoliate. — Divided into leaf-like plates ; applied to antennae with disk-like 
expansions connected by a stalk passing nearly through their centers. 
Perpendicular. — Upright ; at right angles to horizontal. 
Persistent. — Remaining constantly ; always present. 
Phosphorescent. — Shining or glowing in the dark, like phosphorus. 
Piceous. — Pitchy black. 

Pilose. — Clothed with down, or dense pile ; with long, sparse hair. 
Plane. — Level, flat ; applied to a surface. 
Plicate. — Plaited ; folded like a fan. 
Pluri. — Used as a prefix, means many. 
Poly.— Many, much. 

Pore. — Any small, round opening on the surface. 
Posterior. — Hinder or hindmost ; opposed to anterior. 
P re-apical. — Before the apex. 

Predaceous. — Applied to insects that live by preying upon other organisms. 

Prehension. — Structures fitted for grasping or holding. 

Process. — A prolongation of the surface, margin or an appendage. 

Produced— Drawn out ; prolonged ; extended from. 

Prolonged— Extended or lengthened beyond ordinary limits. 

Prominent— Raised or produced beyond the level or margin; standing out 

in relief by color or otherwise ; conspicuous. 
Pronotum, — The upper or dorsal surface of thorax. 

Propygidium. — The dorsal segment or tergite in front of the pygidium. some- 
times left exposed in Coleoptera. 
Prosternal. — Belonging to the prosternum. 

Prosternal grooves. — Occur laterally in some beetles to receive the antennae, 
Prosternal lobe.— In some Coleoptera an anterior prolongation of the pro- 
sternum which more or less conceals the mouth from below. 
Prosternal spine. — The curved spine which extends backward into a meso- 
sternal cavity. 

Prosternal suture.— That suture of prothorax which separates the sternum 

from the pleural pieces. 
Prosternum. — The fore-breast; the sclerite between the fore legs. 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 



1377 



Protnorav.-The first thoracic ring or sequent ; hears the trout legs but „ 

wings; in this work referred to as "thorax merely. 
Pruino^e -Hoary ; as if covered with a fine frost or dust. 
SUSlii clothed with soft, short, fine, closely set ha,, 
Punctate.— Set with impressed points or punctures 
Puncture.-An impression like that made by a needle. 
Punctured.-M^ed with small impressed dots. 
Pupa • pi., Pupw.-The intermediate stage between larva and adult. 
Pupa te.-To become a pupa; the act of bv the elytl „ 

Pygidium.— The last dorsal segment ot abdomen lett expo. 

Quadrate:— Square or nearly so. 

QuadrUateral^ouv-med; formed or bounded by foui hues. 

Ramify.— To branch out in every direction. 

RapaGious.-Vve^tovy; capturing and eating prey. 

Bare— Seldom seen or found. 

Rectangular.-In the form of a right or rectangle. 

Recumbent.— Lying down ; reclining. 

Recu r v c d . — B owed ba ck wa rd. 

Reflected or reflexed— Angularly bent backward. 

Remote.— Further removed than distant. 

Reniform — Kidney-shaped. 

Restricted.— Confined to a limited area. 

Reticulate. — Like net-work. 

Re t m cted.— Drawn back; opposed to prominent. 
Tfrtrnrtile— CaDable of being drawn in or retracted. 
IT^Ll^S the form of a rhomb or 

its four sides equal and its opposite lines parallel, with two opposite 

angles acute and two obtuse. 
Rufous— Brick-red. 

K^ose.-Wrinkled; with irregular waved elevated lines. 
Rugulose — Minutely wrinkled. 

ScaDrose.— Hough like a file, with small raised points. 
Scape.-The long basal joint of an elbowed antenna in Coleoptera. 
aerobes.— Grooves on the sides of the mandibles. 

»L.-The markings or pattern of impression or elevation on an el,- 
tra or other body surface. . . 

ScM!pt ^.-A surface, when marked with elevations or depresses or 
both arranged in some definite manner. 

Scutellum.— The triangular piece between the elytra at base. 

^ eC uH/orm.-Triangular^ompressed; like the blade of a hatchet. 

Segment. -A ring or division bounded by incisions or sutures. 

Semi. — Half. 

Semicircular.— Like the half of a circle. 
Semi-cylindrical— Like a groove or half a cylinder. 
Seauence— The order in which things follow. 

Series -A group of species, genera or families, arranged to show agreement 
' "in a common character which is not of sufficient importance to war- 
rant the next higher division. 
[88—23402] 



1378 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



Serrate. — Saw-toothed, the teeth set toward one end. 
Serruhitc. — With numerous little saw teeth. 

Seta; pi., Seta.— A pointed bristle or long, stiff hair; slender, hair-like ap- 
pendages. 

Setaceous. — Bristle-shaped; slender, gradually tapering to a tip. 

Setiform. — In the form of a bristle or seta; when a slender, short bristle 
arises from a thicker basal joint. 

Setigerous. — Bearing seta? or bristles ; e.g., punctures. 

Sharp. — With a pointed tip or thin edge ; opposed to blunt. 

Sinuate. — Applied to lines and margins with an in and out curve. 

Sinuato-truncatc, — Truncated, with the margin sinuate. 

Smooth. — A surface without elevations or indentations. 

Sparse.— Scattered ; single hairs, scales or punctures set well apart. 

Species. — Ah aggregation of individuals alike in appearance and structure, 
mating freely and producing young that themselves mate freely and 
bear fertile offspring resembling each other and their parents ; a spe- 
cies includes all its varieties and races. 

Specific character. — A feature common to all individuals of a species, by 
means of which they may be distinguished from all other individuals 
of other species. 

Spherical. — In the form of a sphere; a body in which all diameters are 
equal. 

Spindle-shaped. — Cylindrical, elongate, thicker in the middle, tapering to 

each end ; fusiform. 
Spiniform. — In the form or shape of a spine. 
Spinose. — Set with acute processes or spines. 
Spinules. — Little spines. 

Spiracle. — A breathing pore; in the plural the lateral openings on the seg- 
ments of the insect body through which air enters the tracheae. 

Spur. — A short, stiff, generally blunt process, usually not articulated at its 
base. 

Stage. — Refers to the period of development; e.g., larval, pupal, etc. 
Sternum,— The breast; the middle portion of the under surface of thorax 

between the coxal cavities. 
Stigmata. — The spiracles. 

Stria; pi., Striw. — A longitudinal depressed line or furrow, frequently punc- 
tured. 

Striate. — Marked with parallel, fine, impressed lines. 

Stridulate. — To make a creaking noise by rubbing together two ridged or 

roughened surfaces. 
Stripe, — A longitudinal streak of color different from the ground. 
Sub-clavate.— Somewhat thickened toward tip; but not quite club-shaped. 
Sub equal. — Similar but not quite equal in size, form or other characters. 
'Subfamily. — A division of classification containing a group of closely allied 

genera ; different from other allied groups, yet not so as to make a 

family series, ending in mm. 
Submarginal. — An imaginary portion of a surface outside of the disk and 

within the margin. 
Subpdrallel. — Nearly parallel. 

Subulate. — Awl-shaped; linear at base, attenuate at tip. 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS I'SEl). 



1379 



Sulcata.— Grooved: furrowed with broad, concave, parallel impressed lines. 

Sulcus. — A furrow or groove. 

Supra. — Over ; above. 

Supra-orbital. — Situated above the eye. 

Suture. — The line of junction of tbe elytra. 

S in ) i metrical. — Evenly developed on both sides. 

Synonym. — A name applied to a species or genus that has been previously 

described and named. 
Tarsal. — Relating to the tarsi or feet. 

Tarsal lobes.— Membranous appendages arising from the under side of the 

tarsal joints. 
Tarsus; pi.. Tarsi.— The foot; see page 17. 

Tentacle.— A flexible sensory or tactile process; in some cases retractile. 

Terminal. — Situated at the tip or extremity; opposed to basal. 

Terrestrial. — Living on or in the land; opposed to aquatic. 

Testaceous. — Dull yellow brown. 

Tetra. — Four ; a combining form. 

Thoracic. — Belonging or attached to the thorax. 

T j lorax ^The second or intermediate region of the insect body, bearing the 
true legs and wing's; made up of three rings, named in order, pro-, 
meso- and meta-thorax. 

Tibia; ph. 7 ibi<r. — See page 17. 

Tip. The extremity ; the part furthest removed from the base. 

Tomentose.— Covered with flue hair, so matted together that particular hairs 

cannot be separated. 
Tooth.— An acu te angulation ; a short, pointed process from an appendage 

or margin. 

Transition zone.— The transcontinental belt in which the austral and boreal 
elements overlap. 

Translucent. — Semi-transparent; admitting the passage of light but not of 
vision. 

Transparent. — So clear as not to obstruct vision. 
Transverse— When the longest diameter is across the body. 
Trapezoidal. — A four-sided plane of which two sides are parallel and two 
are not. 

Tribe. A term of classification less than a subfamily; usually ending in ini. 

Tricarinate. — With three keels or carime. 
Trifid.— Cleft into three parts or ends. 

Trochanter. — A segment, sometimes divided, between the coxa and femur. 

sometimes fused with the femur. 
Trochantin, — The basal part of the trochanter when it is two-jointed: in 

Coleoptera, a piece often present on the outer side of and sometimes 

movable on the coxa. 
Truncate. — Cut off squarely at tip. 

Tubercle. — A little solid pimple or small chitinous button. 

Tuberculate. — Formed like a tubercle; a surface covered with tubercles. 

Type. — A unique or single specimen selected from a series and labelled by 

the describer to represent his name and description. 
Typical —The normal or usual form of a species: agreeing with the type 

form. 



1380 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



UmUlicate. — Navel-shaped, or resembling a navel. 

Umbone.— An embossed, elevated knob situated on the humeral angle of 
elytra. 

Unarmed. — Without spurs, spines or armature of any kind. 

Undulated. — Obtusely waved in segments of circles. 

Unequal. — Unlike in size, form, development or other characters. 

Unicolorous. — Of one color throughout. 

Unique. — One only ; unlike any other. 

Varietj/.— Any departure from the normal type of a species which, while 
retaining the specific characters, is yet recognizably different because 
of the climatic, seasonal or other influences; may occur with the type 
form or as a geographical race. 

Ventral. — Pertaining to the under surface of abdomen. 

Vermicular. — Worm-like, tortuous ; resembling the tracks of a worm. 

Verrueose.— Having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations. 

Vertex.— The top of the head between the eyes, front and occiput. 

Vestiture. — The surface clothing, whether of a hairy or scaly character. 

Violaceous. — Violet colored; a mixture of blue and red. 

Vitta. — A longitudinal colored line. 

Vitiate. — Striped. 

Whorl. — A ring of long hairs or other appendages arranged around a center 
like the spokes around the hub of a wheel. 

Yellow. — Used without modification is sulphur or lemon yellow. 



INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA. 



Abstrulia, 1288. 
Acanthocinus, 1079. 
Acantboderes, 1070. 
Acbolerops, 304. 
Achryson, 1021. 
Acidota, 477. 
Acilius, 233. 
Acmseodera, 793. 
AcmEeops, 1049. 
Acritus, 626. 
Actenodes, 792. 
Actium, 332. 
Actobius, 391. 
Acupalpus, 190. 
Acylomus, 499. 
Acylopborus, 368. 
Adalia, 515. 
Adelocera, 713. 
Adelotbyreus, 707. 
Aderocbaris, 430. 
Adoxus, 1135. 
Adranes, 306. 
.Egialia, 921. 
.Eletes, 627. 
Agabetes, 224. 
Agabus, 224. 
Agatbengis, 579. 
Agatbidium, 289. 
Agelasa, 1164. 
Aglvptus, 290. 
Agonoderus, 175. 
Agrilus, 796. 
Agriotes, 739. 
Alaus, 717. 
Aleocbara, 363. 
Alindria, 663. 
Allecula, 1272. 
Allopoda, 1300. 
A Uorbina. 996. 
Aipbitobius, 1256. 
Alymeris, 846. 
Amara, 102. 
Amarocbara, 361. 
Amblyderus, 1343. 
Ampbicerus, 889. 
Ampbicrossus, 646. 
Ampbionycba, 1095. 
Ansedus, 1258. 
Anamorpbus, 535. 
Anaspis, 1310. 
Anatis, 516. 
Anatricbis. 171. 
Anchastus, 726. 
Ancbylarthvon, : 22. 
Ancbytarsus, 689. 
Ancyronyx, 682. 
Androcbirus, 1283. 
Anillus, 79. 
Anisodactylus, 193. 
Anisosticta, 510. 
Anisotoma, 285. 
Anisoxya, 1299. 
Anobium, 871. 
Anomala, 981. 
Anomoea, 1113. 
Anomoglossus, 169. 
Anopbtbalnius, 88. 
Antbaxia. 786. 
Antheropbagus, 574. 



ANTIIICIDiB, 1326. 

Antbicus, 1340. 
Antbobium, 481. 
Antbocomus, 842. 
Antbrenus, 595. 
Apenes, 154. 
Apbodius, 927. 
Apbonus, 992. 
Apborista, 538. 
Aphtbona, 1195. 
Apocellus, 472. 
Apristus, 149. 
Ardistomis, 62. 
Arbopalus, 1035. 
Arpedium, 477. 
Arrbenoplita, 1261. 
Artbrolips, 505. 
Artbrornacra, 1284. 
Asapbes, 769. 
Asclera, 1307. 
AseiBum, 1014. 
Aspidoglossa, 61. 

Atsenius, 924. 

Atbeta, 352. 

Atbous, 759. 

Atimia, 1041. 

Atomaria, 579. 

Atranus, 137. 

Attagenus, 592. 

Attalus, 843. 

Aulonium, 554. 

Axinopalpus, 151. 

Axion, 518. 

Babia, 1114. 
Bacanius, 625. 
Bactridium, 669. 
Badister, 117. 
Bseocera, 492. 
Bassareus, 1117. 
Batrisodes, 322. 
Batyle, 1031. 
Bellamira, 1051. 
Belonucbus, 379. 
Bembidium, 67. 
Berosus, 258. 
Bibloplectus, 332. 
Bidessus, 212. 
Bladus, 761. 
Blancbardia, 826. 

Blapstinus, 1252. 

Blecbrus, 150. 

Bledius, 463. 

Blepbarida, 1207. 

Bletbisa, 50. 

Bolboceras, 936. 

Bolbocerosoma, 937. 

Boletobius, 452. 

Boletopbagus, 1267. 

Boletotberus, 1267. 

Bolitocbara, 344. 

Boros, 1303. 

BOSTEICHID.E, 886. 

Bostricbus, 888. 
Botbrideres, 556. 
Brachyacantba, 520. 
Bracbygluta, 318. 
Bracbylobus. 170. 
Bvacbyuus, 157. 



Bracbypterus, 630. 
Brachys, 806. 
Bradycellus, 191. 
Brontes, 568. 
Buuchid^, 1233. 
Brucbus, 1235. 
Bryaxis, 318. 

Bryoporus, 456. 

Bupkestimb, 776. 

Buprestis, 783. 

BYRRHIM3, 671 . 

Byrrbus, 673. 

Bythinus, 317. 

Byturus, 589. 

Caeoplia, 1066. 
Crenocara, 883. 
CfBtioscelis, 578. 
Caenocorse, 1256. 
Calatbus, 120. 
Calitys, 666. 
Callida, 151. 
Callidium, 1018. 
Calligrapba, 1154. 
Callimoxys, 1029. 
Calloides, 1035. 
Calocbromus, 815. 
Calodera, 361. 
Calopteron, 810. 
Calosoma, 46. 
Campylus, 759. 
Canifa, 1300. 
Cantharis, 1358. 
Tantbon, 912. 
Cantbydrus, 208. 
Capnocbroa, 1282. 
Carabid^:, 36. 
Carabus, 44. 
Cardiopborus, 720. 
Carebara, 1297. 
Carpopbilus, 631. 
Cartodere, 655. 
Casnonia, 138. 
Cassida, 1229. 
Catbartus, 563. 
Catogenus, 564. 
Catorama, 879. 
Cedius, 312. 
Celetes, 811. 
Celina, 214. 
Centrodera, 1048. 
Ceopbyllus, 309. 
Cepbaloscyrxinus, 531 
Cepbenniurn, 302. 
Ceracis, 900. 
Cerambycid^.. 100 1 . 
Ceratograpbis. 1079. 
Cercus. 630._ 
Cercyon, 26o. 
Cerotoma, 1163. 
Cerucbus. 907. 
Cerylon, 557. 
Cbsetartbria. 259. 
Cbaetocnema, 1208^ 
Chalcolepidius. 717. 
Cbalcophova. 77!>. 
Cbalepus. 1226. 
Cbariessa, S59. 
Cbaristena, 1228. 



* Family names are in small capitals, generic names in Roman. 



(1381) 



1382 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



Cbauliognatbus, S27. 

Cbelyrnorpba. 1233. 

Cbeimiuni, 309. 

Cbilocorus, 518. 

Cbion. 1022. 

Chitalia, 346. 

Cblaenius, 163. 

Cblarays, 1115. 

Choeridiura. 915. 

Cboleva, 278. 

Cbrysobotbris, 788. 

Cbrysocbus. 1141. 

Cbrysodina. 1149. 

Cbrysomela, 1158. 

Chrysomelid.e, 1095. 

Cicindela. 29. 

Cictxdelid.e, 27. 

Cinyra, 785. 

Cioid^e, 895. 

Cis, 897. 

Cistela. 1276. 
Cistelidj;., 1270. 
Clarabus, 291. 
Clerid.e. 846. 
Clinidium. 559. 
Clivina. 59. 
Cloeotus. 940. 
Clytantbus, 1039. 
Clytus, 1040. 
Cnernidotus, 203. 
Co:cidula. 533. 
Coccinella, 513. 
Coccinelid.e;, 506. 
— Ccelambiis. 214. 
Ccelostetbus. 872. 
Colaspis. 1147. 
Colastus. 633. 
Colenis. 286. 
Collops, 841. 
Colon, 282. 

COLYDIDJE, 549. 

Colydiura,'554. 
Colymbetes, 229. 
Coninorans, 654. 
Corinopbron, 296. 
Conosoma, 449. 
Conotelus, 635. 
Copelatus. 223. 
Copidita. 1306. 
Copris, 915. 
Coptocycla, 1231. 
Coptodera. 149. 
Coptotoimis, 223. 
Corpbyra, 1329. 
Corticaria, 656. 

CORYLOPHIDJE. 501. 

Corylopbodes. '503. 
Corymbites. 763. 
Coscinoptera. 1113. 
Cotalpa. 986. 
Cotinis, 996. 
Coxelus. 553. 
Cratacantbus, 175. 
Cregya, 859. 
Cremastocbilus. 998. 
Crenipbilus, 264. 
Creopbilus, 374. 
Crepidodera. 1212. 
Criocepbalus. 1014. 
Crioceris, 1112. 
Crosimus, 574. 
Cryptarcba, 648. 
Cryptobium. 417. 
< 'ryptocepbalus. 1 1 20. 
Cryptobypnus. 722. 

CliYPTOPHAGID.E. r>69. 

Cryptopbagus, 575. 
( "ryptopbilus. 572. 
Cryptoplem-um. 270. 
CryptorbopalniQ. 594. 
Cecljidje, 560. 



Cucujus. 565. 
Cupes, 893. 
OrPESiD.E. 892. 
Cybister, 235. 
CybocepbaJus. 647. 
Cycbramus. 647. 
Cycbrus, 41. 
Cyclocepbala. 989. 
Cyllene, 1033. 
Cyraatodera, 849. 
Cymbiodyta, 261. 
Cymindis, 153. 
Cyparium, 491. 
Cypbon. 695. 
Cyrtinns. 1062. 
Cyrtopborus. 1040. 
Cyrtusa, 288. 
Cytilus, 673. 

Dacne, 544. 
Dascyllid^e, 688. 
J)eartbrus. 592. 
Decartbron. 316. 
Dectes, 1075. 
Delius. 302. 
Delpbastus, 519. 
Deltometopns. 704. 
Dendroides. 1349. 
Dendropbagus. 566. 
Dendropbilus, 615. 
Dermestes, 590. 
Der.\iestid.e. 587. 

DERODONTrD.E, 670. 

Derodontus. 670. 

Deronectes, 216. 

Desmocerus. 1044. 

Desmopacbria. 212. 

Diabrotica. 1171. 

Diacbus. 1133. 

I >ianous, 401. 

Diaperis. 1260. 

Dibolia, 1221. 

Dicaelus. 114. 

Dicerca, 780. 

Dicbelonycba. 951. 

Dicranopselaplins. 693. 

Dicrepidius. 729. 

Dilandius, 1337. 
Dineutes, 240. 
Dmoderus, 890. 
Dinopsis. 337. 
Diocbns, 400. 
Dioedus, 1256. 
Dipbaula^a, 1204. 
Diplocbila, 113. 
Diploecelus. 571. 
Eiplotaxis, 954. 
Discoderus. 178. 
Disonycba. 1186. 
Distenia. 1043. 
Diternrms, 837. 
Ditoraa. 552. 
Doliema, 1251. 
Dolopius. 742. 
I>onacia. 1099. 
Dorcascberaa. 1065. 
Dorcatoma. 882. 
Dorcns. 906. 
Drapetes, 774. 
Drasterins, 735. 
Fromaeolus, 705. 
Dromius, 149. 
Dryobius, 1021. 
Dryops, 678. 
I>ynastes. 993. 
Dyscbirius, 56. 
Dyscinetns, 990. 
Dyspbaga. 1095. 
Dytiscidje. 204. 
Dytiscus. 230. 



Eburia. 1022. 
Eetopria, 692. 
Ecyrus, 1081. 
Edapbus, 458. 
Elapbidion. 1023. 
Elapbrus, 48 
Elater, 730. 
Elaterid.e. 699 
Eleusis. 483. 
Ellipotoma.859. 
Ellycbnia. 818. 
Elmis, 679. 
Elonus. 1344. 
Emelinus, 1345. 
Eramesa. 1296. 
Encbodes. 1297. 
Eneyclops, 1045. 
Endecatomus. 887. 

E.VDOMYCHID.E. 533. 

Endoraycbus. 537. 
Eniemus, 654. 
Enneartbron. 900. 
Enoclerus, 852. 
Entoraopbtbalmns. 709 
Epbelis. 481. 
Epbistemus. 5S1. 
Epieauta, 1359. 
Epierus. 614. 
Epilacbna. 532 
Epitrix. 1216. 
Epura?a. 636. 
Ercboraus. 449. 
, Emobius. 868. 
Eros, 812. 
Erotylatbris. 556. 
Erotylid.e, 539. 
Estbesopus. 722. 
Eua?slbetus. 458. 
Eucicones, 552. 
Eucinerus, 691. 
Eucnerais, 704. 
Eueonnus. 293. 
Eucrada. 867. 
Euderees. 1040. 
Eudesma^ 553. 
Euruicrus. 303. 
Eupactus. 878. 
Eupboria. 997. 
Eupbortic-us. 137. 
Eupleetus, 331. 
Eupogonius. 1082. 
Eupristoceras. 796. 
Eupsenius. 322. 
Europs, 669. 
Eui-ygenius. 132S. 
Eurypogon, 689. 
Euryspbindus. 902. 
Eustilbns. 500. 
Eustropbus. 1202. 
Euprbeia. 303. 
Eutbiodes. 303. 
Eutocbia. 1258. 
Eurylistus. 883. 
Evartbrus. 99. 
Exema, 1116. 
Exocbomus, 518. 

FalagTia. 346. 
Fidia. 1142. 
Fornax. 705. 
Fnstiger. 307. 

Galerita. 140. 
Galeruca, 1164. 
Galerucella. 1166. 
Gastroidea. 1159. 
Gaurotes. 1050. 
Geodromicus. 47~>. 
Geopinus. 174. 
Georyssid.e;. 67o. 
Georyssus, 675. 



INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA. 



1383 



Geotrupes, 93S. 
Gibbium, 864. 
Glipodes, 127. 
Glypbbnyx, 742. 
Glyptina, 1194. 
(ilvptoma, -184. 
Glyptoscelis, 1 1 36. 
Gnatboeerus, 1256. 
Gnorimus, 1002. 
Gnypeta, 348. 
(Iocs. 1066. 
Gracilia, 1022. 
Graphisurus, 1078. 
( Srapboderes, 234. 
Grapbops, 1143. 
Griburius, 1124. 
(Ironevus, 503. 
(xrynocharis, 666. 
Gynandropus, 179. 
Cyretes, 242. 

GrYRINIDiEj 236. 

Gyrinus, 238. 
Gyronycha, 339. 
Gyrophaena, 340. 

Habrocerus, 457. 
Hadrobregnius^ 871 . 
Hsemonia, 1107. 

HALIPLIDiEj 200. 

Haliplus, 201. . 
Halloinenus, 1293. 
TIaltica, 1199. 
Hamotus, 313. 
Haplandrus, 1248. 
Harpalus, 179. 
Helluomorpba. 155. 
Helochares, 261. 
Helocombus, 262. 
Helodes, 693. 
Helophorus, 250. 
Helops. 1268. 
Hernantus, 1339. 
Henairbipus, 718. 
Henoticns, 577. 
Hesperobsenus. 669. 
ITesperobium. 419. 
Hetserius. 614. 
Heteraebtbes. 1026. 

HiilTEROCERID.T;. 6S2. 

Heterocerus. 682. 
Heterothops, 368. 
Hetcemis, 1066. 
Hippodamia, 511. 
Hippopsis, 1083. 
Faster, 602. 
Histerid.p;. 598. 
Hololepta, 600. 
Holoparamecns. 652. 
Holotroebus. 474. 
Holostropnus. 1293. 
Homalinm, 479. 
Homalota. 342. 

Hopatrdnus, 1251. 

Hoplandria, 350. 

Hoplia. 949. 

Hoplosia, 1080. 

Horistonotus, 721. 

Hornia, 1357. 

Hydaticus, 232. 

Hydnobius, 285. 

Hydnocera. S55. 

Hvdrsena. 254. 

Hydrobius, 262. 

Hydrocanthus. 208. 

Hydrochai'is. 257. 

Hydrocbus. 251. 

Hydrophilid.t]. 247. 

Hydropbilus. 254. 

Hydroporus, 216. i 

Hvdrovatus, 211. 

Hylecoetus. 894. 



Hylocbares, 709. 
Hylotrupes, 1019. 
Hymenorus, 1273. 
Hyperaspis, ."")21 . 
Hyperplatys, 1077. 
Hypnoidus, 723. 
Hypocctlus, 711. 
Ilvpolampsis. 1200. 
Ilypopbloeus, 1265. 

Ilvbiosoma, 224. 
[lybius, 222. 
Incolia, 1289. 
Iphthimus, 1247. 
Ips, 648. 
Iscbalia. 1347. 
Iscbiodontus, 729. 
Iscbyrus, 545: 
Isomira, 1277. 
Isoplastus, 289. 

Labidomera. 1152. 
Lascobius, 259. 
Lacconotus. 1302. 
Laccopbilus, 209. 
Lacnocrepis, 170. 
Lacbnosterna, 958. 
Lacon. 716. 
Lactica, 1204. 
LEemopblceus, 566. 
LAGRIID.E, 1284. 
Lamprohiza. 823. 
Lampyrid;e, 807. 
Languria, 541. 
Lappus, 1339. 
Lasconoivus, 553. 
Lasioderma. 875. 
Latbrobium, 421. 
Lathridiidje, 651. 
Latbridius, 653. 
Lebia. 143. 
Lema. 1110. 
Leptacinus, 398. 
Leptixid.e. 271. 
Leptinotarsa. 1152. 
Leptinus, 272. 
Leptogenius, 436. 
Leptolinus, 398. 
Leptoschema. 761. 
Leptostvlus, 1071. 
Leptotracbelns, 138. 
Leptura, 1053. 
Lepturges, 1075. 
Leptusa. 342. 
Lesteva. 476. 
Ligyrus, 991. 
Limnicbus. 674. 
Limonius, 755. 
Limulodes. 487. 
Lina, 1160. 
Liodes, 2S6. 

Liopus, 1073. 

Lispinus, 483. 

Listotropbus. 374. 

Litargtis, 585. 

Litocbrus. 501 . 

Loberns, 573. 

Lona,itai'sns. 1191. 

Lopbei'os, 811. 

Loxandrus, 110. 

Lucanid^, 903. 

Lueanus. 905. 

Lucidota. 817. 

Ludius. 736. 

Luperaltica. 1203. 

Luperodes, 1176. 

Lntrocbus, 678. 

Lvcoperdina, 538. 

Lvctus. 891. 

Lymexiloxid.e. S94. 

Lymexylon, 895. 



Macratria, 1332. 
Macrobasis, 1358. 
Macrodactylus, 053. 
Macronycbus, 682. 
Macropogon, 689. 

MALA*' H I ID^E j 839. 

Mallodrya, 1291. 
Malporus, 1338. 
Malthinus. 838 : . 
Maltbodcs. 838. 
Mantura, 1219. 
Mastogenius, 795. 
Matus, 22.".. 
Mecas, 1090. 
Meeynotarsus, 1336. 
Megalodacne, 544. 
Megalops, 462. 
Megapenthes, 736. 
Megartbras, 482. 
Megastilicus, 436. 
Megilla, 510. 
Megorama, 876. 
Melanactes, 770. 
Melandrya, >»96. 
Melaxdryid.e, 1286. 
Melanopbila, 785. 
Melanopbthalma. 658. 
Melanotus, 744. 
Melasis, 703. 
Melba. 333. 
Meligetbes. 644. 

Meloe, 1352. 
Meloidje. 1350. 

Meracantba, 1269. 

Merinus, 1247. 

Merium, 1019. 

Meronera, 349. 

Metabletus, 151. 

Metacbrbma, 1144. 

Mezium. 864. 

Mierobregma, 872. 

Microcara, 693. 

Microclytus, 1040. 

Micromaltbus, 804. 

Micropeplus, 485. 

Microrhopala. 1224. 

Microrhagus, 707. 

Microscapba, 1295. 

Microtonus, 1306. 

Molamba. 504. 

Molorcbns. 1028. 

Monacbus, 1132. 

Monocesta. 1164. 

Monocrepidius, 727. 

Monobammus. 1063. 

Monopbylla. 849. 

Monotonia, 667. 

MONOTOMID^Bj 666. 

Monoxia, 1171. 
Mordella, 1311. 

MORDEELID.E. 1308. 

Moxdellistena, 1315. 
Morio. 66. 
Murmidius, 558. 
Myas. 89. 
Mycetina, 538. 
Mycetocbares, 1279. ( 
Mycetophagid.e. 582. 
Mycetopbagus, 583. 
Mycetoporus, 455. 
Mycbocerus, 558. 
Mvcotretus. 546. 
Mycterus, 1302. 
Myllsena^ 338. 
Myocbrous, 1136. 
Mvodites. 1367. 
Mystaxus, 1207. 

Nacerdes, 1306. 
Nanosella, 487.. 
Nartbecius. 566. 



1384 



INDIANA COLEOPTERA. 



Nausibius, 564. 
Nebria, 52. 
Necrobia, 861. 
Necropbilus, 277. 
Necropborus, 273. 
Necydalis, 1044. 
Neladius, 302. 
Nematodes, 710. 
Nemognatba, 1354. 
Nemosoma, 662. 
Nemotarsus, 143. 
Neoclytus, 1037. 
Neoruysia, 516. 
Nepbanes, 489. 
Nicagus, 908. 
Nisaxis, 317. 
Nitidula, 640. 
Nitidulim:, 628. 
Nodonota, 1147. 
Nomaretus, 41. 
Nomius, 66. 
Nosodendron, 672. 
Nossidium, 486. 
Notbodes, 762. 
Notbopus, 174. 
Notbus, 1302. 
Notiopbilus, 51. 
Notoxus, 1334. 
Nyctobates, 1246. 

Oberea, 1091. 
Obrium, 1027. 
Ochodffius, 935. 
Ochrolitus, 501. 
Ocbthebius, 253. 
Octotemnus, 901. 
Octotoma, 1225. 
Ocypus, 378. 
Odonta?us, 938. 
Odontonyx, 689. 
Odontospbindus, 902. 
CEdemerid;e, 1304. 
CEdionycbis, 1180. 
CEdostetbus, 726. 
Olibrus, 499. 
Oligomeris, 869. 
Oligota, 339. 
Olistbserus, 458. 
Olistbopus, 136. 
Olopbrum, 478. 
Ometbes, 825. 
Omopbron, 39. 
Omosita, 643. 
Oneideres, 1083. 
Ontbopbagus, 917. 
Oodes, 171. 
Opressus, 302. 
Orcbesia, 1294. 
Orpbilus, 598. 
Orsodacna, 1108. 
Ortbaltica, 1215. 
Ortbocis, 899. 
Ortboperus, 505. 
Ortbopleura, 861. 
Ortbosoma, 1010. 
Orthostethus, 737. 
Osmoderma, 1001. 
Osorius, 473. 
Oxacis, 1307. 
Oxygonus, 768. 
Oxypoda. 361. 
Oxyporus, 459. 
Oxytelus, 467. 

Pacbybracbys, 1125. 
Pachyonychus, 1207. 
Pachyscelus, 807. 
Pacbyta, 1049. 
Psederus, 437. 
Palaminus, 441. 
Pallodes, 646. 



Panagams, 65. 
I'aramedon, 431. 
Parandra, 1007. 
Paratenetus, 1259. 
Paratriarius, 1173. 
Paria, 1138. 
Parnid^e,, 675. 
Paromalus, 615. 
Pasimacbus, 54. 
Passalus, 908. 
Patrobus, 87. 
Pediachns, 566. 
Pelecotoma, 1365. 
Pelidnota, 986. 
Pelonomus, 678. 
Peltis, 666. 
Pentagonica, 154. 
Pentaphyllus, 1265. 
Pentaria, 1309. 
Pentbe. 1290. 
Pentbelispa, 555. 
Perigona, 136. 
Perotbops, 773. 
Petalium, 877. 
Phalacrid^, 497. 
Pbalacrus, 498. 
Pbanaeus, 917. 
Pbengodes, 824. 
Pbenolia, 642. 
Pbileurus, 994. 
Pbilbydrus, 259. 
Philontbus, 379. 
Philotermes, 343. 
Pbilotbermus, 557. 
Pblegon, 712. 
Pbloepora, 360. 
Pbloeotrya, 1298. 
Pboenonotnm, 270. 
Phomalus, 1346. 
Pbotinns, 821. 
Pboturis, 823. 
Phyletbus, 1265. 
Phyllecthrus, 1177. 
Pbyllobaenus, 858. 
Pbyllobrotica, 1174. 
Phyllodecta, 1161. 
Phyllotreta, 1196. 
Phymapbora, 536. 
Phymatodes, 1017. 
Phvsocnemum, 1017. 
PbVsonota, 1229. 
Pbyton, 1027. 
Pilopius, 311. 
Pinacodera, 152. 
Pinodytes, 277. 
Pinophilus, 440. 
Pisenus, 1289. 
Pitvobius, 759. 
Pla'cusa, 341. 
Plagiodera, 1159. 
Plagionotus, 1034. 
Platandria. 350. 
Plateros, 814. 
Platycerus, 907. 
Platydema, 1262. 
Platynus, 121. 
Platvstetbus. 467. 
Plectrodera, 1068. 
Plegaderus, 624. 
Pleurophorus. 922. 
Plocbionus. 152. 
Ploeosoma, 544. 
Pocadins, 643. 
Podabrus. 828. 
P<pcilonota, 783. 
Pogonocheras, 1080. 
Polemius, 836. 
Polyclasis, 817. 
Polymoecbus, 987. 
Pomphopoea, 1364. 
Prasocuris, 1150. 



Prateus, 1260. 
Priocera, 851. 
Prionochseta, 280. 
Prionocyphon, 693. 
Prionus, 1011. 
Prometopla, 642. 
Protbeca, 882. 
Protinus, 483. 
Psammodius, 922. 

PSELAPHID^E^ 305. 

Pselapbus, 314. 
Psenocerus, 1062. 
Psepbenus, 677. 
Pseudoba3US, 842. 
Pseudomedon, 432. 
Pseudopsis, 458. 
Psilopyga, 645. 
Psylliodes, 1222. 
Psyllobora, 517. 
Ptenidium, 486. 
Pterostichus, 90. 
Pteryngium, 577. 
Pteryx, 488. 
Ptilinus, 885. 
Ptiiium. 486. 
Ptilodactyla, 690. 
Ptinella, 490. 
Ptinellodes, 488. 
Ptinid^j, 862. 
Ptinus, 865. 
Ptomopbagus, 281. 
Ptosima, 794. 
Purpuricenus, 1030. 
Pycnomerus, 556. 
Pycnophus, 296. 
Pyractomena, 820. 
Pyrochroa, 1348. 

PYROCHROIDyE^ 1346. 

Pyropyga, 819. 
Pyrota, 1363. 
Pyticera, 860. 
PYTHIDiB, 1302. 
Pytho, 1304. 

Quedius, 369. 

Rafonus, 329. 
Ramecia, 330. 
Reicbenbacbia, 319. 
Retocomus, 1328. 
Rhabdopterus, 1147. 
Rbagium, 1048. 
Rhanis, 536. 
Rhantus, 228. 
Rhexidius, 330. 
Rhexius, 329. 
Rhinosimus, 1304. 
Rhipicerid^, 696. 
Rbipidandrus, 901. 
Rhipidius, 1365. 
Rhipiphorid^:, 1364. 
Rbipiphorus, 1365. 
Rhizophagus. 650. 
Rbopalopbora. 1029. 
Rbopalopus, 1017. 
Rhymbus, 535. 
Rbyssodes, 559. 

RlIYSSODIDiE, 558. 

Romaleum, 1023. 
Rybaxis, 317. 

Sacium, 504. 
Salpingns, 1304. 
Sandalus. 698. 
Saperda, 1084. 
Sapintus, 1342. 
Saprinus, 617. 
Sarpedon, 710. 
Saxinus, 1114. 
Scaphidema, 1265. 

SCAPHIDIIDiE, 490. 



INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA 



1385 



Scapnidium, 491. ■ 
Scapbiomicrus. 497. 
Seapbisoina, 495. 
Scarab^id.e, 909. 
Scarites, 55. 
Scbizogenlus, 61. 
Scbizopbilus. 712. 
Scirizotus, 1349. 
Sciocbarella, 431. 
Sciocbaris, 430. 
Scirtes, 694. 
Scopreus, 433. 
Scotobates, 1248. 
Scraptia, 1299. 
Scutopterus, 228. 
Scyd.\i:exid.t:. 291. 
Scyduisenus, 301. 
Scvninus, 525. 
Seienopborus, 186. 
Serica, 956. 
Sericoderus, 504. 
Sericus, 762. 
Siagonium. 483. 
Silis. 831. 
Silpba, 275. 
SlLPHID.Ti, 272. 
Silvanus, 561. 
Sinoxvlon, 888. 
Sitodrepa, 870. 
Smicrus, 489. 
Smilia. 524. 
Sniodicrum, 1015. 
Soronia, 643. 
Spermopbagus, 1235. 
Spbseridium, 265. 
Spbseroderma, 1205. 
Spbenostethus. 1012. 

SPHIXDIDiE. 901. 

Spbindus, 902. 

Spilotus, 1297. 

Spondylid.e, 1006. 

Staphylinid..^, 334. 

Stapbvlinus, 375. 

Statira. 1285. 

Stelidotta, 641. 

Stenelmis, 680. 

Stenispa, 1228. 

Stenolopbus, 187. 

Stenospbenus, 1031. 

Stenotarsus, 539. 

Stenus, 401. 

Rtereopalpus, 1328. 

Stetboliodes, 288. 

Stethon, 703. 

Stetborus, 531 . 

Stictocranius. 459. 

Stilicopsis, 439. 

Stilicus, 434. 

Strangalia, 1051. 



Strigoderma, 985. 
Strornatium, 1022. 
Strongylium, 1270. 
Sunius, 438. 
Symblotes, 536.^ 
Sympbora, 1298. 
Syncbita, 551. 
Syncbroa, 1290. 
Svneta, 1110. 
Systena, 1219. 

Tacbinus, 443. 
Tacbycellus, 192. 
Tacbyporus, 446. 
Tacbys, 80. 
Tachyusa, 347. 
Tanilotes, 1346. 
Tapbrocerus, 805. 
Telephanus, 569. 
Telepbovus, 832. 
Telmatopbilus, 573. 
Tenebrio, 1249. 
Tenebi'oides, 663. 
Tenebrionid^, 1243. 
Teretrius, 625. 
Tetracba, 28. 
Tetragonoderus, 142. 
Tetraonyx, 1359. 
Tetraopes, 1093. 
Tetratoma, 1288. 
Tetropium, 1015. 
Tetrops, 1093. 
Tbanasimus. 854. 
Tbarops, 703. 
Tharsus, 1257. 
Tbeca, 879. 

Tbermonectes, 234. 

Tbesium. 332. 

Thinobius, 472. 

Tbrimolus, 587. 

Thkoscid^e, 773. 

Tbrossus, 775. 

Tilloinorpba, 1040. 

Tillus, 849. 

Tinotus, 349. 

Tisactia, 581. 

Tmesipborus. 310. 

Tomarus, 574. 

Toruoderus, 1337. 

Tomoxia, 1310. 

Toxidium, 495. 

Toxotus. 1046. 

Trachysectus. 431. 

Tragidion. 1030. 

Trecbus, 87. 

Triachus, 1134. 

Tribalus. 614. 

Tribolium, 1254. 

Triehaltica. 1204. 



Tricbius, 1003. 
Tricbiusa, 351. 
Tricbodes, 851. 
Trichodesma, 871 . 
Tricbopsenius, 443. 
T EI C H OPTER Y G I D JE , 4 8 5 . 

Trichopteryx, 488. 
Tricvania, 1354. 
Triga, 483. 
Trimiomelba, 332. 
Trimioplectus, 333. 
Trii-habda, 1164. 
Tritoma, 547. 
Trogoderma, 593. 
Trogophloeus, 469. 
Trogosita, 663. 
TRO«osrnn;E, 661. 
Tropisternus, 255. 
Trox, 941. 
Trypberus, 838. 
Trvpopitys, 872. 
Tycbus, 314. 
Tvlonotus, 1026. 
Tymnes, 1141. 
Typboea, 587. 
Typocerus, 1052. 
Tvpopborus, 1138. 
Tvrus, 313. 
Tyttbonyx, 824. 

IHoma, 1257. 

Valgus, 1004. 
Van onus, 1346. 
Verapbis, 303. 

Xantbollnus. 394. 
Xantbonia, 1142. 
Xenistusa, 443. 
Xenodusa, 359. 
Xenorbipis, 787. 
Xestobium, 868. 
Xestocis, 899. . 
Xesturida, 350. 
Xyletinus, 873. 
Xylita, 1297. 
Xvlopinus, 1248. 
Xyloryctes, 992. 
Xylotrecbus, 1036. 

Zamodes, 1027. 
Zenoa, 697. 
Zenodusus, 855. 
Zeugopbora. 1109. 
Zonantes, 1345. 
Zonitis, 1356. 
Zuphium, 140. 
Zygogramma, 1154. 
zVras, 358. 



V 



INDEX TO NEW SPECIES . 



Aleoehara mifipes, 365. 
Amarochara fenyesi. 361. 
Anoinala pubescens, 9S4. 
Aphodius wolcotti, 932. 
Artbromacra glabrieollis, 1285. 
Atheta caviceps, 354. 

laurentiana, 357. 

punctata. 355. 

sulcata. 355. 

Ba?ocera punctipennis, 494. 
Badister laticeps. 118. 
Blanchardia gracilis, 826. 
Bledius borealis, 465. 
Brachynus gracilis, 160. 

pulchellus, 161. 

Calodera infuseata, 361. 
Catkartus longulus. 564. 
Cis eonfusus, 899. 

cornutus, 898. 

fa Hi. 898. 
Colon oblongulum, 283. 
Conosoma carinula. 451. 

elongata, 450. 
Corphyra briiimea, 1331. 

Diteninus latilobus. 837. 
Ditoma granulata. 552. 
Donacia megacornis. 1103. 

Enneartbron oblongus. 900. 
Epnrese duryi, 639. 
Euconnus similis. 295. 

Glyptoscelis liebecki, 1137. 
Gyrinns piceolus, 240. 

Haltica a?nescens, 1202. 

cuprascens. 1202. 

knabii. 1203. 
Hister osculatus, 607. 
Hydrochus granulatus. 253. , 
Hydrovatus indianensis. 212. 

Isomira similis. 1278. 

(Date of issue of this 



Latbrobium insanus. 424. 
Leptusa elegans, 342. 
obscura. 343. 

Macrobasis flavocinereus. 1359. 
Melanotus carinus. 752. 

cribriventris. 747, 

debilis. 754. 

difficilis. 751. 

divarcarinus. 754. 

lixus. 754. 

longicornis. 746. 

pilosus. 751. 

prasinus. 752. 
Mordellistena confusa. 1316. 

hoosieri. 1325. 
testacea. 1321. 

Ocbthebius putnamensis, 253. 
Oxypoda palustris. 362. 

Pacbybracbys elegans. 1127. 

sticticus. 1130. 
Paramedon falli. 432. 
Pbilontbus multipunctatus, 389. 
Pbyllobrotica lengi. 1175. 
Prasocuris ovalis. 1151. 

Rbantus confusus., 229. 

Saprinus lakensis. 623. 

oviformis. 622. 
simulatus. 621. 
Scaphisoma distincta. 496. 
Serica carinata. 957. 

intermixta. 957. 
Stenelmis sulcatus. 681. 
Stenus similiatus. 404. 
suspectns. 408. 

Tacbyporus pulcbrus. 447. 
Telepborus simpliunguis. 836. 
Trogophloeus poseyensis. 471. 

Xantbolinus indianensis. 390, 
linearis. 395. 

Zonitis sulcicollis, 1357. 
rolume. September 20. 1910.) 



(1386) 



A -TV 



\ 



-is 



J 



0^ 



0' 



\ 




c5> * ■ 



5& 



■ 0' 



o 



\ 



